FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bai, Y Sherman, S Khoury, MJ Flanders, WD AF Bai, Y Sherman, S Khoury, MJ Flanders, WD TI Bias associated with study protocols in epidemiologic studies of disease familial aggregation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; BREAST-CANCER; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; RISK; HISTORY; RECURRENCE; RELATIVES; MOTHERS AB The effect of selection bias has not been well evaluated in epidemiologic studies which focus on familial aggregation. The authors illustrate this type of bias for a reconstructed cohort study, With the reconstructed cohort design, cases and controls are first selected from the population and their relatives form the exposed and unexposed cohorts, respectively. The recurrence risk ratio (RRR) is calculated to assess and measure familial aggregation. The ways of utilizing information from relatives affects the estimate of RRR, and the authors show that a traditional method used in epidemiologic studies can yield a severely biased estimate of the RRR, However, this traditional approach can give approximately unbiased estimates under special conditions. A novel selection approach is proposed which yields an unbiased estimate of RRR. In conclusion, when relatives are identified through cases or controls, they should be included and counted in the study cohorts each time a case or control is selected, even if they or other family members have already been included. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bai, Y (reprint author), NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Execut Plaza S,Room 7106,6120 Execut Blvd,MSC 723, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 151 IS 9 BP 927 EP + PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 308ER UT WOS:000086698000010 PM 10791566 ER PT J AU Freeman, SB Yang, QH Allran, K Taft, LF Sherman, SL AF Freeman, SB Yang, QH Allran, K Taft, LF Sherman, SL TI Women with a reduced ovarian complement may have an increased risk for a child with Down syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; OVULATION INDUCTION; 2 OVARIES; PROGRAM; POPULATION; ESTRADIOL; AGE AB Advanced maternal age is the only well-established risk factor for trisomy 21 Down syndrome (DS), but the basis of the maternal-age effect is not known. In a population-based, case-control study of DS, women who reported surgical removal of all or part of an ovary or congenital absence of one ovary were significantly more likely to have delivered a child with DS than were women who did not report a reduced ovarian complement (odds ratio 9.61; 35% confidence interval 1.18-446.3). Because others have observed that women who have had an ovary removed exhibit elevated levels of FSH and similar hallmarks of advanced maternal age, our finding suggests that the physiological status of the ovary is key to the maternal-age effect. In addition, it suggests that women With a reduced ovarian complement should be offered prenatal diagnosis. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Birth Defects & Pediat Genet Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Freeman, SB (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, 1462 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1RR00039]; NICHD NIH HHS [P01HD32111, N01HD92907] NR 17 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 66 IS 5 BP 1680 EP 1683 DI 10.1086/302907 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 337QT UT WOS:000088373700021 PM 10733467 ER PT J AU Stern, FB Ruder, AM Chen, G AF Stern, FB Ruder, AM Chen, G TI Proportionate mortality among unionized roofers and waterproofers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE roofer; waterproofer; construction; proportionate mortality ratio; injuries; cancers ID SAFETY-AND-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; LUNG-CANCER; CONSTRUCTION-INDUSTRY; ASPHALT WORKERS; OCCUPATION; RISK; INSTITUTE; EXPOSURE; SMOKING AB Background The United Union of Roofers, Waterproofers, and Allied Workers (UURWAW) is one of the 15 building and construction trades departments irt the AFL-CIO. The U.S. roofing industry including both roofing and waterproofing applications, both unionized and nonunionized, comprises about 25,000 firms, employing approximately 300,000 people, about 200,000 of whom are involved in the application of roofs. The specific toxins to which roofers may be exposed at the job site include, among others, bitumens (asphalt and/or coal tar pitch) as well as asbestos and fiberglass from roof removal operations. Excess deaths from occupational injuries are also of concern. Methods This study evaluated causes of mortality among 11,144 members of the UURWAW. Age-adjusted proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were computed with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using U.S. age-, gender-, and race-specific proportional mortality rates for the years of the study, 1950-1996. Results Statistically significant increased PMRs were found for all injuries (PMR = 142, CI=134-150), especially falls (PMR=464, CI=419-513) and other injuries (PMR = 121, CI = 107-137), cancers of the lung (PMR = 139, CI = 131-148), bladder (PMR = 138, CI = 111-170), esophagus (PMR=134, CI=107-166), larynx (PMR = 145, CI = 106-193), and cancers of other and unspecified sites (PMR = 130, CI = 112-149, pneumoconioses and other nonmalignant respiratory diseases (PMR = 115, CI = 103-128), and homicides (PMR = 153, CI = 135-172). The occupational exposures which may have contributed to the excess risks of malignant and nonmalignant respiratory diseases include, among others, asphalt fumes, coal tar pitch volatiles and asbestos; however, cigarette smoking must also be considered a contributing factor: Conclusions The present study underscores the need to control airborne Exposures to hazardous substances and especially to examine fall prevention efforts within the roofing industry: Am. J. Ind. Med. 37:478-492, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Stern, FB (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 57 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 478 EP 492 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(200005)37:5<478::AID-AJIM4>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 300MT UT WOS:000086257300004 PM 10723042 ER PT J AU Mirabelli, MC Hoppin, JA Tolbert, PE Herrick, RF Gnepp, DR Brann, EA AF Mirabelli, MC Hoppin, JA Tolbert, PE Herrick, RF Gnepp, DR Brann, EA TI Occupational exposure to chlorophenol and the risk of nasal and nasopharyngeal cancers among US men aged 30 to 60 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE occupational exposure; chlorophenols; nasal cancer; nasopharyngeal cancer ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CANCERS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; SINONASAL CANCER; FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; CARCINOMA; CAVITY; SINUSES; WORKERS; SWEDEN AB Background Elevated rates of nasal and nasopharyngeal cancers have been associated with wood-related occupational exposures, including chlorophenols, formaldehyde, and wood dust. Methods Occupational information was obtained from 43 nasal carcinoma cases, 92 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases, and 1909 controls, by interview Exact conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of these cancers with chlorophenol exposure, estimated from a review of verbatim responses. Results Both nasal and nasopharyngeal cancers were significantly associated with estimated duration of chlorophenol exposure. For nasopharyngeal cancer elevated risk was observed among those who held jobs assigned medium or high intensity chlorophenol exposure (n(exposed)=18, OR=1.94, 95% Cl=1.03-3.50) and among those with 10+ years in jobs assigned high intensity with high certainty (n(exposed) = 3, OR = 9.07, 95% CI = 1.41-42.9). Controlling for estimated formaldehyde and wood dust exposure did not alter these findings, as much of the estimated chlorophenol exposure was among machinists. Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that occupational exposure to chlorophenol is a risk factor for nasal and nasopharyngeal cancel; although the role of machining-related exposures warrants further assessment. Am. J. Ind. Med. 37:532-541, 2000. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Providence, RI USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tolbert, PE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015; OI Mirabelli, Maria/0000-0002-3540-0085 FU NCI NIH HHS [1R29CA6362201A1] NR 36 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 532 EP 541 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(200005)37:5<532::AID-AJIM9>3.0.CO;2-A PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 300MT UT WOS:000086257300009 PM 10723047 ER PT J AU Rosenstock, L Thacker, SB AF Rosenstock, L Thacker, SB TI Toward a safe workplace - The role of systematic reviews SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID METAANALYSIS C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rosenstock, L (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hubert H Humphrey Bldg,Room 715H,200 Independence, Washington, DC 20201 USA. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 SU S BP 4 EP 5 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00148-3 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 314AX UT WOS:000087032900002 PM 10793274 ER PT J AU Crosby, R Leichliter, JS Brackbill, R AF Crosby, R Leichliter, JS Brackbill, R TI Longitudinal prediction of sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents - Results from a national survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adolescence; longitudinal studies; risk-taking (behavior); sexually transmitted diseases ID CONDOM USE; RISK BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNICATION; INFECTIONS; PARTNERS; HISTORY; TRENDS; WOMEN; HIV AB Background: Although adolescent use of condoms has been increasing, incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among young people remains high. To identify adolescent behavioral risk factors for acquiring STDs, this study assessed adolescent self-reports of acquired chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis within 1 year after a baseline interview. Methods: We used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health for this study. Data were collected in the homes of survey respondents, using audio-computer assisted self-interview (audio-CASI) technology and interviews. Participants were enrolled in grades 7-11 from 134 U.S. schools. A cohort of 4593 sexually experienced adolescents was followed for 1 year. Mie conducted separate analyses for both genders. Results: About 3.1% of the male adolescents and nearly 4.7% of the female adolescents reported hating had at least one STD after. the baseline interview. For both genders, self-reported STD infection before baseline interview tvas the best predictor of self-reported STD infection 1 year after baseline interview. Female adolescents were more likely to report diagnosis with an STD after baseline if they self-identified as a minority race (other than Asian) and perceived that their mother did not disapprove of their. having sex, Female adolescents were less likely to report STDs if they perceived that adults care about them, No additional variables predicted STD diagnosis after baseline for male adolescents. Conclusions: We conclude that past history of STD infection is the roost important indicator of subsequent STD infection among adolescents. Thus, this study suggests the benefit of specific clinical efforts designed to promote preventive behavior among adolescents newly diagnosed with an STD. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Off Surveillance & Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. RP Crosby, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div STD Prevent, MS E44,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 BP 312 EP 317 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00122-7 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 311UH UT WOS:000086903700007 PM 10788734 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, PG Humiston, SG Shone, LP Kolasa, MS Rodewald, LE AF Szilagyi, PG Humiston, SG Shone, LP Kolasa, MS Rodewald, LE TI Decline in physician referrals to health department clinics for immunizations - The role of vaccine financing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 01-05, 1998 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Pediat Acad Soc DE child; immunization; insurance; public health; referral and consultation vaccines ID UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; PEDIATRICIANS; CARE; INSURANCE; BARRIERS; PROGRAM; IMPACT AB Background: Physicians frequently refer children to health department clinics (HDCs) for immunizations because of high out-of-pocket costs to parents and Door reimbursement for providers. Referrals for immunizations can lead to scattered care. In 1994, two vaccine financing reforms began in New York State that reduced patient costs and improved provider reimbursement: the Vaccines for Children Program (VFC, mostly for those on Medicaid and uninsured) and a law requiring indemnity insurers to cover childhood immunizations and preventive services. Objective: To measure reported changes in physician referrals to HDCs for immunizations before and after the vaccine financing reforms. Design: In 1993, a self-administered sun ey measured immunization referral practices of primary care physicians. In 1997, we resurveyed respondents: of the 1993 survey to evaluate changes in referrals. Setting/Participants: Three hundred twenty-eight eligible New York State primary care physicians (65% pediatricians and 35% family physicians) who responded to the 1997 follow-up, immunization survey (response rate of 82%). Results: The proportion of physicians reporting that they referred some or all children out for immunizations decreased from 51% in 1993 to 18% in 1997 (p<0.001). In 1997, physicians were more likely to refer if they were family physicians (28% vs, 13%, P<0.01), or did not obtain VFC vaccines (29% vs. 13%, P<0.001). According to physicians who referred in 1993, decreased referrals in 1997 were due to the new insurance laws (noted by 61%), VFC (60%), Child Health Plus (a statewide insurance program for Door children, 28%), growth in commercial managed care (23%), Medicaid managed care (19%), and higher Medicaid reimbursement for immunizations that is due to VFC (18%). For physicians noting a decline in referrals, the magnitude of the decline was substantial-60% fewer referrals for VFC-eligible patients and 50% fewer for patients eligible under the new insurance law. Conclusions: Vaccine financing reforms decreased the proportion of physicians who referred children to HDCs for immunizations, and may have reduced scattering of pediatric care. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Strong Mem Hosp, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Szilagyi, PG (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Strong Mem Hosp, Box 632,601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. FU PHS HHS [T5202-12/13, U50/CCU300860] NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00120-3 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 311UH UT WOS:000086903700008 PM 10788735 ER PT J AU Halverson, PK AF Halverson, PK TI Public health practice and the journal SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP Halverson, PK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Syst, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K39, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2000 VL 90 IS 5 BP 692 EP 693 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.5.692 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 308VN UT WOS:000086733700004 PM 10800413 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, PG Humiston, SG Shone, LP Barth, R Kolasa, MS Rodewald, LE AF Szilagyi, PG Humiston, SG Shone, LP Barth, R Kolasa, MS Rodewald, LE TI Impact of vaccine financing on vaccinations delivered by health department clinics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; PHYSICIANS; PEDIATRICIANS; INSURANCE; COVERAGE; BARRIERS AB Objectives. This study measured the number of childhood vaccinations delivered at health department clinics (HDCs) before and after changes in vaccine financing in 1994, and it assessed the impact of changes in financing on HDC operations. Methods. We measured the number of vaccination doses administered annually at all 57 HDCs in New York State between 1991 and 1996, before and after the financing changes. Interviews of HDC personnel assessed the impact of financing changes. A secondary study measured trends in Pennsylvania and California, Results. HDC vaccinations for preschool children in New York State declined slightly prior to the financing changes (6%-8% between 1991 and 1993) but declined markedly thereafter (53%56% between 1993 and 1996). According to nearly two thirds of New York State's HDCs, the primary cause for this decline was the vaccine-financing changes. HDC vaccinations for preschool children in Pennsylvania declined by 12% between 1991 and 1993 and by 56% between 1993 and 1997. HDC vaccinations for polio-containing vaccines in California declined by 31% between 1993 and 1997. Conclusions. Substantially fewer vaccinations have been administered at HDCs since changes in vaccine financing, thereby keeping preschool children in their primary care medical homes. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Szilagyi, PG (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Strong Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Box 632,601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU 300860] NR 55 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2000 VL 90 IS 5 BP 739 EP 745 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.5.739 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 308VN UT WOS:000086733700013 PM 10800422 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Husten, C Giovino, G AF Zhang, P Husten, C Giovino, G TI Effect of the tobacco price support program on cigarette consumption in the United States: An updated model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL-ANALYSIS; SMOKING; DEMAND AB Objectives. This study evaluated the direct effect of the tobacco price support program on domestic cigarette consumption. Methods. We developed an economic model of demand and supply of US tobacco to estimate how much the price support program increases the price of tobacco We calculated the resultant increase in cigarette prices from the change in the tobacco price and the quantity of domestic tobacco contained increase cigarettes. We then assessed the reduction in cigarette consumption attributable to the price support program by applying the estimated increase in the cigarette price to assumed price elasticities of demand for cigarettes. Results. We estimated that the tobacco price support program increased the price of tobacco leaf by $0.36 per pound. This higher tobacco price translates to a $0.01 increase in the price of a pack of cigarettes and an estimated 0.21% reduction in cigarette consumption. Conclusion. Because the tobacco price support program increases the price of cigarettes minimally, its potential health benefit is likely to be small. The adverse political effect of the tobacco program might substantially outweigh the potential direct benefit of the program on cigarette consumption. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, 331D Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2000 VL 90 IS 5 BP 746 EP 750 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.5.746 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 308VN UT WOS:000086733700014 PM 10800423 ER PT J AU Figgs, LW Bloom, Y Dugbatey, K Stanwyck, CA Nelson, DE Brownson, RC AF Figgs, LW Bloom, Y Dugbatey, K Stanwyck, CA Nelson, DE Brownson, RC TI Uses of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, 1993-1997 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to document and describe Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data use patterns. benefits, and barriers from 1993 to 1997. Methods, Data use information was gathered via a Medline database search and a telephone survey of BRFSS program directors (n = 54). Results. The database search uncovered 109 BRFSS-based reports. Program directors indicated that BRFSS data frequently were used to support health policies regarding diabetes, physical activity, and smoking. frequent data use barriers included insufficient special population data, insufficient city- or county-specific data, and insufficient staff. Conclusions. Use of BRFSS data, which aid several state health activities, increased from 1993 to 1997. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Figgs, LW (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, Room 360,ODonnell Hall,3663 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU710806] NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2000 VL 90 IS 5 BP 774 EP 776 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.5.774 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 308VN UT WOS:000086733700019 PM 10800428 ER PT J AU Li, RW Serdula, M Bland, S Mokdad, A Bowman, B Nelson, D AF Li, RW Serdula, M Bland, S Mokdad, A Bowman, B Nelson, D TI Trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in 16 US states: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1990-1996 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CANCER PREVENTION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; FOOD-INTAKE; TELEPHONE; QUESTIONNAIRE; VALIDITY; DEATH; MEN AB Objectives. This study examined trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in 16 US states. Methods. Data from telephone surveys were used to stratify respondents by sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. Results. The proportion of adults who consumed fruits and vegetables at least 5 times daily was 19%, 22%, and 23% in 1990, 1994, and 1996, respectively. While the proportion increased among those with active leisure-time physical activities and normal weight, it remained almost the same among inactive people and dropped among the obese. Conclusions. Progress in fruit and vegetable intake from 1990 to 1994 was encouraging, but it changed little between 1994 and 1996. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Communtiy Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, MS K25,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2000 VL 90 IS 5 BP 777 EP 781 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.5.777 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 308VN UT WOS:000086733700020 PM 10800429 ER PT J AU Gerzoff, RB AF Gerzoff, RB TI Recent data are needed to support public health training and workforce initiatives SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, PHPPO, DPHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gerzoff, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, PHPPO, DPHS, MS K39, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2000 VL 90 IS 5 BP 809 EP 809 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.5.809 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 308VN UT WOS:000086733700034 PM 10800436 ER PT J AU Daniel, N Lounis, N Ji, BH O'Brien, RJ Vernon, A Geiter, LJ Szpytma, M Truffot-Pernot, C Hejblum, G Grosset, J AF Daniel, N Lounis, N Ji, BH O'Brien, RJ Vernon, A Geiter, LJ Szpytma, M Truffot-Pernot, C Hejblum, G Grosset, J TI Antituberculosis activity of once-weekly rifapentine-containing regimens in mice - Long-term effectiveness with 6-and 8-month treatment regimens SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PREVENTIVE THERAPY; PYRAZINAMIDE; RIFAMPIN AB The effectiveness of various once-weekly 10 mg/kg rifapentine (P)-containing regimens for treatment of tuberculosis was assessed in mice infected intravenously with 4.3 x 10(6) colony-forming units (du) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and treated 14 d later with various combinations of rifampin (R), P, isoniazid (H), pyrazinamide (Z), ethambutol (E), or streptomycin (S). Control mice treated daily with either 2-mo HRZ + 4-mo HR or 2-mo HRZ + 6-mo HE were rendered spleen and lung culture-negative at 6 mo and 8 mo, respectively. Treatment failure with emergence of R-resistant bacilli occurred in all mice given once-weekly monotherapy with P for 6 mo. Once-weekly PH treatment was successful at 6 mo when it was preceded by a 2-mo daily phase with HRZ. When the initial daily phase was reduced to 2 wk, once-weekly PH-containing treatment was successful, at 6 mo, only if it was supplemented with S during the initial daily and the once-weekly phases, and at 8 mo if it was supplemented with daily H during the once-weekly phase. Without these supplements, once-weekly treatment failed in some mice with selection of R-resistant or H-resistant mutants. C1 Fac Med Pitie Salpetriere, F-75634 Paris 13, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Sequella Global TB Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. INSERM, U494, Paris, France. RP Grosset, J (reprint author), Fac Med Pitie Salpetriere, 91 Blvd Hop, F-75634 Paris 13, France. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 161 IS 5 BP 1572 EP 1577 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 312LU UT WOS:000086945400031 PM 10806157 ER PT J AU Wu, T Wright, K Hurst, SF Morrison, CJ AF Wu, T Wright, K Hurst, SF Morrison, CJ TI Enhanced extracellular production of aspartyl proteinase, a virulence factor, by Candida albicans isolates following growth in subinhibitory concentrations of fluconazole SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS; AIDS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MECHANISMS; CORRELATE; MUTANTS; THERAPY AB We examined the production of secreted aspartyl proteinase (Sap), a putative virulence factor of Candida albicans, by a series of 17 isolates representing a single strain obtained from the oral cavity of an AIDS patient before and after the development of clinical and in vitro resistance to fluconazole. Isolates were grown in Sap-inducing yeast carbon base-bovine serum albumin medium containing 0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1 MIC of fluconazole, and cultures were sampled daily for 14 days to determine extracellular Sap activity by enzymatic degradation of bovine serum albumin. Extracellular Sap activity was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner for the most fluconazole-susceptible isolate (MIC, 1.0 mu g/ml) and significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner for the most fluconazole-resistant isolate (MIC, >64 mu g/ml). Enhanced extracellular Sap production could not be attributed to cell death or nonspecific release of Sap, because there was no reduction in the number of CFU and no significant release of enolase, a constitutive enzyme of the glycolytic pathway. Conversely, intracellular Sap concentrations were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in the most fluconazole-susceptible isolate and decreased in the most fluconazole-resistant isolate. Enhanced Sap production correlated with the overexpression of a gene encoding a multidrug resistance (MDR1) efflux pump occurring in these isolates. These data indicate that exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of fluconazole can result in enhanced extracellular production of Sap by isolates with the capacity to overexpress MDR1 and imply that patients infected with these isolates and subsequently treated with suboptimal doses of fluconazole may experience enhanced C. albicans virulence in vivo. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Morrison, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-11,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 51 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1200 EP 1208 DI 10.1128/AAC.44.5.1200-1208.2000 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 306YC UT WOS:000086625400014 PM 10770752 ER PT J AU Cooksey, RC Holloway, BP Oldenburg, MC Listenbee, S Miller, CW AF Cooksey, RC Holloway, BP Oldenburg, MC Listenbee, S Miller, CW TI Evaluation of the invader assay, a linear signal amplification method, for identification of mutations associated with resistance to rifampin and isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID RPOB MUTATIONS; PROBE ASSAY; POLYMORPHISM; SPECIMENS; SPUTUM; GENE; PCR AB We evaluated a recently described linear signal amplification method for sensitivity and specificity in detecting mutations associated with resistance to rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The assay utilizes the thermostable flap endonuclease Cleavase VIII, derived from Archaeoglobus fulgidus, which cleaves a structure formed by the hybridization of two overlapping oligonucleotide probes to a target nucleic acid strand. This method, termed the Invader assay, can discriminate single-base differences. Nine pairs of probes, encompassing five mutations in rpoB and katG that are associated with resistance to Either RIF or INH, as well as the corresponding wild-type (drug-susceptible) alleles, were tested using amplified DNA. Fluorescent-labeled cleavage products, ranging from 4 to 13 nucleotides in length, depending on the genotqpe of the test sample, were separated by denaturing polyacrylamide (20 to 24%) gel electrophoresis and then detected by scanning. All nine alleles could be identified and differentiated on the basis of product size. Multiple mutations at a specific rpoB nucleotide in target PCR products could be identified, as could mutants that were present at greater than or equal to 0.5% of the total population of target sequences. The Invader assay is a sensitive screen for some mutations associated with antituberculosis drug resistance in amplified gene regions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Third Wave Technol Inc, Madison, WI 53719 USA. RP Cooksey, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop F-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1296 EP 1301 DI 10.1128/AAC.44.5.1296-1301.2000 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 306YC UT WOS:000086625400027 PM 10770765 ER PT J AU Morgan, UM Xiao, LH Monis, P Fall, A Irwin, PJ Fayer, R Denholm, KM Limor, J Lal, A Thompson, RCA AF Morgan, UM Xiao, LH Monis, P Fall, A Irwin, PJ Fayer, R Denholm, KM Limor, J Lal, A Thompson, RCA TI Cryptosporidium spp. in domestic dogs: the "dog" genotype SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URBAN DOGS; PARVUM; PUP; PREVALENCE; PARASITES; DISTEMPER; GIARDIA; OOCYSTS AB Genetic and phylogenetic characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates at two loci (18S rRNA gene and heat shock gene) from both Australian and United States dogs demonstrated that dog-derived Cryptosporidium isolates had a distinct genotype which is conserved across geographic areas. Phylogenetic analysis provided support for the idea that the "dog" genotype is, in fact, a valid species. C1 Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Murdoch Univ, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Murdoch Univ, Sch Appl Vet Med, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Australian Water Qual Ctr, Microbiol Unit, Bolivar, SA 5110, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. ARS, USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Morgan, UM (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, South St, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RI Monis, Paul/B-8539-2011; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Monis, Paul/0000-0002-9052-4742; Irwin, Peter/0000-0002-0006-8262 NR 29 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 66 IS 5 BP 2220 EP 2223 DI 10.1128/AEM.66.5.2220-2223.2000 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 310BC UT WOS:000086805500067 PM 10788404 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Frank, E Elon, L Baldwin, G McAlpine, BE AF Saraiya, M Frank, E Elon, L Baldwin, G McAlpine, BE TI Personal and clinical skin cancer prevention practices of US women physicians SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; COUNSELING PRACTICES; DISEASE PREVENTION; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; HEALTH PROMOTION; POLICY STATEMENT; MANAGED CARE; BASAL-CELL; SUN; BEHAVIORS AB Objective: To document physician clinical and personal skin cancer prevention practices and associated characteristics. Design: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of a representative sample of US women physicians. Setting: Mail survey. Subjects: Three thousand thirty-two nondermatologists and 95 dermatologists. Main Outcome Measure: Personal and clinical practices. Results: Twenty-seven percent of nondermatologists counseled or screened their typical patients on skin cancer or sunscreen use at least once a year, while 49% did so less frequently, and 24% never counseled or screened at all. Of the 95 dermatologists, two thirds reported counseling or screening their typical patients at every visit. In bivariate analysis of nondermatologists, the distribution of counseling or screening was significantly (P<.05) associated with the following personal and professional characteristics: frequent sunscreen use, recent (within 2 years) skin examination, good health status, a primary care specialty, self-confidence in counseling or screening, extensive training in counseling or screening, high perceived relevance to the practice of the counseling or screening, nonurban practice site, and nonhospital-based or non-medical school-based practice. We found that 48% of all physicians always or nearly always used sunscreen, and 25% had received a clinical skin examination in the previous 2 years. Conclusions: Although many primary care physicians report ever counseling or screening their typical patients about skin cancer and sunscreen use, increased professional education for primary care physicians could improve patient counseling about skin cancer prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, MS K-55,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [1RO3CA7143401A2] NR 56 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 136 IS 5 BP 633 EP 642 DI 10.1001/archderm.136.5.633 PG 10 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 313FJ UT WOS:000086989400007 PM 10815857 ER PT J AU Chambers, CD Jones, KL Lammer, EJ Van Bennekom, CM Mitchell, AA AF Chambers, CD Jones, KL Lammer, EJ Van Bennekom, CM Mitchell, AA TI Accutane (R)-exposed pregnancies - California, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 28-31, 2000) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint ID PREVENTION-PROGRAM; ISOTRETINOIN; WOMEN C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Dysmorphol & Teratol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Childrens Hosp, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Unit, Boston, MA 02215 USA. CDC, Birth Defects & Pediat Genet Br, Div Birth Defects Child Dev & Disabil & Hlth Prop, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chambers, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Dysmorphol & Teratol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 136 IS 5 BP 686 EP 687 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 313FJ UT WOS:000086989400025 ER PT J AU Rodenbeck, SE Sanderson, LM Rene, A AF Rodenbeck, SE Sanderson, LM Rene, A TI Maternal exposure to trichloroethylene in drinking water and birth-weight outcomes SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB An ecological epidemiological study was conducted with data obtained from an environmental dose-reconstruction study and the Arizona Birth Information Tapes. Before 1981, a portion of the city of Tucson water-distribution system was contaminated with trichloroethylene (i.e., < 5 micrograms per liter of water to 107 micrograms per liter of water). Target and comparison populations were selected with a Geographic Information System. Logistical-regression analysis revealed an association between maternal exposure to trichloroethylene via drinking water and very-low-birth-weight babies (i.e., < 1,501 grams) (odds ratio = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 0.5, 20.6; and Wald chi-square p value = 0.2). No association was found between maternal exposure to trichloroethylene via drinking water and low birth weight or full-term low-birth-weight infants (gestational period > 35 wk and < 46 wk). C1 US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat agcy Tox Subst &, Ft Worth, TX USA. Univ N Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Rodenbeck, SE (reprint author), SSAB, DHAC, ATSDR, Mailstop E32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 55 IS 3 BP 188 EP 194 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 335EU UT WOS:000088231300005 PM 10908102 ER PT J AU Katz, JM Lu, X Frace, AM Morken, T Zaki, SR Tumpey, TM AF Katz, JM Lu, X Frace, AM Morken, T Zaki, SR Tumpey, TM TI Pathogenesis of and immunity to avian influenza A H5 viruses SO BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE immunity; influenza H5N1; pathogenesis ID HONG-KONG; A VIRUS; MOUSE MODEL; HUMANS; DISEASE; HEMAGGLUTININ; MICE AB In 1997 in Hong Kong, 18 human cases of respiratory illness were caused by an avian influenza A H5N1 virus. Although avian influenza viruses had not previously been known to cause respiratory illness in humans, the H5N1 viruses caused severe illness and death, primarily in individuals aged > 12 years. The introduction of H5N1 viruses into humans raised concerns about the potential of these viruses to cause a pandemic. We have used the BALB/c mouse to better understand the pathogenesis of and immunity to the H5N1 viruses in a mammalian model. Previously, we demonstrated that H5N1 viruses isolated from humans replicated efficiently in the lungs of mice without prior adaptation to this host. Two general phenotypes of pathogenicity of H5N1 viruses, based on high and low lethality for mice, were observed. We now demonstrate that in addition to a lethal outcome, H5N1 viruses with a high pathogenicity phenotype exhibit additional features that include rapid and uncontrolled replication in the lungs of infected mice, dissemination and replication of the virus in other organs, and depletion of peripheral blood leukocytes. The BALB/c mouse model was also used to better understand the parameters of protective immunity to the H5N1 viruses. Prior infection with H5N1 viruses of low pathogenicity or an antigenically related non-pathogenic H5N3 virus protected mice from death by infection with a highly pathogenic HK/483 virus. Serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers of 40 or greater were associated with protection of mice from death, immunization of mice with baculovirus-expressed recombinant H5 hemagglutinin protein or a previously defined MS-specific synthetic peptide induced MHC class II restricted CTL activity. Mice that had CTL activity but no serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibody were not protected from a lethal challenge with H5N1 virus. These results suggest that antibody is required for protection of mice against lethal challenge with H5N1 viruses of the high pathogenicity phe notype. (C) 2000 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0753-3322 J9 BIOMED PHARMACOTHER JI Biomed. Pharmacother. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 54 IS 4 BP 178 EP 187 DI 10.1016/S0753-3322(00)89024-1 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 324PB UT WOS:000087629600002 PM 10872716 ER PT J AU Brinton, LA Gammon, MD Coates, RJ Hoover, RN AF Brinton, LA Gammon, MD Coates, RJ Hoover, RN TI Tubal ligation and risk of breast cancer SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; tubal ligation; epidemiology ID AGE 45 YEARS; OVARIAN-CANCER; STERILIZATION; HYSTERECTOMY; WOMEN AB Although it has been demonstrated in previous studies that tubal ligation can have widespread effects on ovarian function, including a decrease in the risk of subsequent ovarian cancer, few studies have evaluated effects on breast cancer risk. In a population-based case-control study of breast cancer among women 20-54 years of age conducted in three geographic areas, previous tubal ligations were reported by 25.3% of the 2173 cases and 25.8% of the 1990 controls. Initially it appeared that tubal ligations might impart a slight reduction in risk, particularly among women undergoing the procedure at young ages (< 25 years). However, women were more likely to have had the procedure if they were black, less educated, young when they bore their first child, or multiparous. After accounting for these factors, tubal ligations were unrelated to breast cancer risk (relative risk (RR) = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9-1.3), with no variation in risk by age at, interval since. or calendar year of the procedure. The relationship of tubal ligations to risk did not vary according to the presence of a number of other risk factors, including menopausal status or screening history. Furthermore, effects of tubal ligation were similar for all stages at breast cancer diagnosis. Further studies would be worthwhile given the biologic plausibility of an association. However, future investigations should include information on type of procedure performed (since this may relate to biologic effects) as well as other breast cancer risk factors. (C) 2000 Cancer Research Campaign. C1 NCI, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Epidemiol & Biostat Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brinton, LA (reprint author), NCI, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Execut Plaza S,Rm 7068,6120 Execut Blvd,MSC 7234, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD MAY PY 2000 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1600 EP 1604 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 304JT UT WOS:000086480600017 PM 10789731 ER PT J AU Breslow, RA Graubard, BI Sinha, R Subar, AF AF Breslow, RA Graubard, BI Sinha, R Subar, AF TI Diet and lung cancer mortality: a 1987 National Health Interview Survey cohort study SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE diet; lung cancer; mortality; National Health Interview Survey ID HETEROCYCLIC AMINE CONTENT; IOWA-WOMENS-HEALTH; NHANES-II SURVEY; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; QUANTITATIVE DATA; NUTRIENT SOURCES; VARYING DEGREES; AMERICAN DIET; UNITED-STATES; RISK AB Objectives: To study the association between diet and lung cancer mortality in the United States. Methods: Records from 20,195 participants with usable dietary data in the 1987 National Health Interview Survey were linked to the National Death Index. Baseline diet was assessed with a 59-item food-frequency questionnaire. Food groups (fruits, vegetables, total meat/poultry/fish, red meats, processed meats, dairy products, breakfast cereals, other starches, added fats, and alcohol) were analyzed in cause-specific Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for age, gender and smoking. Results: There were 158 deaths from lung cancer (median follow-up 8.5 years). Frequencies of meat/poultry/fish intake (relative risk [RR] (highest compared to lowest quartile) = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-3.5, p for trend [p] < 0.027), and red meat intake (RR = 1.6; CI 1.0-2.6, p < 0.014), were positively and significantly associated with lung cancer mortality. Specifically, the red meats, including pork (RR = 1.6; CI 1.0-2.7, p < 0.028), and ground beef (RR = 2.0; CI 1.1-3.5, p < 0.096) were associated with increased risk, although for ground beef the trend was not significant. Dairy products (RR = 0.5; CI 0.3-0.8, p < 0.009) were inversely associated with lung cancer mortality. There was no statistically significant association between intake of fruits and vegetables and lung cancer mortality. Conclusions: In this nationally representative study, intake of red meats was positively associated with lung cancer mortality while intake of dairy products was inversely associated. While smoking is the major risk for lung cancer mortality, diet may have a contributory role. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Canc Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Biostat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Appl Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Breslow, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Canc Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 NR 63 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAY PY 2000 VL 11 IS 5 BP 419 EP 431 DI 10.1023/A:1008996208313 PG 13 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 348PQ UT WOS:000088994300005 PM 10877335 ER PT J AU Evans, RG Shadel, BN Roberts, DW Clardy, S Jordan-Izaguirre, D Patterson, DG Needham, LL AF Evans, RG Shadel, BN Roberts, DW Clardy, S Jordan-Izaguirre, D Patterson, DG Needham, LL TI Dioxin incinerator emissions exposure study Times Beach, Missouri SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants-Dioxin '98 CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN DE dioxin; PCDD; 2,3,7,8,-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; TCDD; TEQ; toxicity equivalence; incinerator; emissions; exposure study ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; SERUM DIOXIN; RANCH HAND; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN AB Purpose: To determine whether living in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incinerator that was burning material contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) increased TCDD and toxicity equivalencies (TEQ) in individuals living near the incinerator. Methods: Participants were randomly chosen from an area close to the incinerator and compared to participants outside of the exposure area. TCDD and related compounds were measured in blood serum before incineration, four months after incineration started, and at the end of incineration. Results: Lipid adjusted serum levels of TCDD and TEQ decreased from pre-incineration to four months after incineration, and decreased further by the end of incineration. Conclusion: Incineration of TCDD did not result in any measurable exposure to the population surrounding the incinerator, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Missouri Dept Hlth, Jefferson City, MO USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Evans, RG (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, 3663 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 40 IS 9-11 BP 1063 EP 1074 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00354-9 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 288MA UT WOS:000085565500022 PM 10739047 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Mocarelli, P Warner, M Samuels, S Vercellini, P Olive, D Needham, L Patterson, D Brambilla, P AF Eskenazi, B Mocarelli, P Warner, M Samuels, S Vercellini, P Olive, D Needham, L Patterson, D Brambilla, P TI Seveso Women's Health Study: a study of the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on reproductive health SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants-Dioxin '98 CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN ID IN-UTERO; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; ENDOMETRIOSIS; TCDD; RATS; TOXICITY; SERUM; OVULATION; DIOXINS; MOUSE AB Although reproductive effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure have been reported in numerous investigations of animals, studies of this association in humans are limited. In 1976, an explosion in Seveso, Italy exposed the surrounding population to among the highest levels of TCDD recorded in humans. The relatively pure exposure to TCDD and the ability to quantify individual level TCDD exposure from sera collected in 1976 for the Seveso cohort affords a unique opportunity to evaluate the potential dose-response relationship between TCDD exposure and a spectrum of reproductive endpoints. The Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS) is the first comprehensive study of the reproductive health of a human population exposed to TCDD, The primary objectives of the study are to investigate the relationship of TCDD and the following endpoints: (1) endometriosis; (2) menstrual cycle characteristics; (3) age at menarche; (4) birth outcomes of pregnancies conceived after 1976; (5) time to conception and clinical infertility; and (6) age at menopause. Included in the SWHS cohort are women who were 0-40 yr old in 1976, who have adequate stored sera collected between 1976 and 1980, and who resided in Zones A or B at the time of the accident. All women were interviewed extensively about their reproductive and pregnancy history and had a blood draw. For an eligible subset of women, a pelvic exam and transvaginal ultrasound were conducted and a menstrual diary was completed. More than 95% of the women were located 20 yr after the accident and roughly 80% of the cohort agreed to participate. Data collection was completed in July 1998, serum TCDD analysis of samples for analysis of endometriosis as a nested case-control study was completed in October 1998, and statistical analysis of these data should be completed in early 1999. Serum samples are now being analyzed in order to relate TCDD levels with the remaining reproductive outcomes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Milan, Sch Med, Hosp Desio, Dept Clin Pathol, I-20033 Desio, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Div Occupat Environm Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Milan, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Vercellini, Paolo/K-5295-2016 OI Vercellini, Paolo/0000-0003-4195-0996 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [2P30-ES01896, R01 ES07171] NR 41 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 40 IS 9-11 BP 1247 EP 1253 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00376-8 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 288MA UT WOS:000085565500044 PM 10739069 ER PT J AU Steele, BG Holt, L Belza, B Ferris, S Lakshminaryan, S Buchner, DM AF Steele, BG Holt, L Belza, B Ferris, S Lakshminaryan, S Buchner, DM TI Quantitating physical activity in COPD using a triaxial accelerometer SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE ambulatory monitoring; chronic limitation of activity; COPD; exercise ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; OBESE CHILDREN; SELF-REPORT; REHABILITATION; RELIABILITY; STABILITY; ACCURACY; EXERCISE; VALIDITY AB Study Objective: To determine the reliability, validity, and stability of a triaxial accelerometer for walking and daily activity measurement in a COPD sample. Design: Cross-sectional, correlational, descriptive design, Setting: Outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program in a university-affiliated Veterans Affairs medical center. Participants: Forty-seven outpatients (44 men and 3 women) with stable COPD (FEV1, 37% predicted; SD, 16%) prior to entry into a pulmonary rehabilitation program, Measurements and results: Test-retest reliability of a triaxial movement sensor (Tritrac R3D Research Ergometer; Professional Products; Madison, WI) was evaluated in 35 of the 47 subjects during three standardized 6-min walks (intraclass correlation coefficient [rICC] = 0.84). Pearson correlations evaluated accelerometer concurrent validity as a measure of walking (in vector magnitude units), compared to walking distance in all 47 subjects during three sequential 6-min walks (0.84, 0.85, and 0.95, respectively; p < 0.001). The validity of the accelerometer as a measure of daily activity over 3 full days at home was evaluated in all subjects using Pearson correlations with other indicators of functional capacity. The accelerometer correlated with exercise capacity (maximal G-min walk, r = 0.74; p < 0.001); level of obstructive disease (FEV1 percent predicted, r = 0.62; p < 0.001); dyspnea (Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire, dyspnea over the past 30 days, r = - 0.29; p < 0.05); and activity self-efficacy (Activity Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, r = 0.43; p < 0.01); but not with self-report of daily activity (Modified Activity Recall Questionnaire, r = 0.14; not significant). Stability of the accelerometer to measure 3 full days of activity at home was determined by an rICC of 0.69, Conclusions: This study provides preliminary data suggesting that a triaxial movement sensor is a reliable, valid, and stable measure of walking and daily physical activity in COPD patients, It has the potential to provide more precise measurement of everyday physical functioning in this population than self-report measures currently in use, and measures an important dimension of functional status not previously well-described. C1 Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Med Specialties & Primary Care Serv 111B, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Dept Biobehav Nursing & Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Good Samaritan Med Ctr, Puyallup, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Steele, BG (reprint author), Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Med Specialties & Primary Care Serv 111B, 1660 Columbian Way S, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. RI Schmoelz, Camilie/D-1707-2012 OI Schmoelz, Camilie/0000-0003-2221-9954 NR 29 TC 130 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAY PY 2000 VL 117 IS 5 BP 1359 EP 1367 DI 10.1378/chest.117.5.1359 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 315DL UT WOS:000087097300025 PM 10807823 ER PT J AU O'Gorman, MRG Nicholson, JKA AF O'Gorman, MRG Nicholson, JKA TI Adoption of single-platform technologies for enumeration of absolute T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CYTOMETRY C1 Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Diagnost Immunol & Flow Cytometry Labs, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Gorman, MRG (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Diagnost Immunol & Flow Cytometry Labs, 2300 Childrens Plaza,MC 50, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 3 BP 333 EP 335 DI 10.1128/CDLI.7.3.333-335.2000 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311FB UT WOS:000086873100002 PM 10799442 ER PT J AU Schnizlein-Bick, CT Spritzler, J Wilkening, CL Nicholson, JKA O'Gorman, MRG AF Schnizlein-Bick, CT Spritzler, J Wilkening, CL Nicholson, JKA O'Gorman, MRG CA Site Investigators NIAID DAIDS New Technologies Evalu TI Evaluation of TruCount absolute-count tubes for determining CD4 and CD8 cell numbers in human immunodeficiency virus-positive adults SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; HEMATOLOGY; INFECTION; LYMPHOCYTES AB A single-platform technology that uses an internal bead standard and three-color flow cytometry to determine CD4 and CD8 absolute counts was evaluated for reproducibility and agreement. Values obtained using TruCount absolute-count tubes were compared to those obtained using a two-color predicate methodology. Sixty specimens from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected donors were shipped to five laboratories, Each site also analyzed replicates of 14 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected local specimens at 6 h and again at 24 h, The interlaboratory variability was significantly less with TruCount (median difference in percent coefficient of variation [%CV] between the two methods was -8% and-3% for CD4 and CD8, respectively) than with the predicate method. Intralaboratory variability was smaller, with a median difference in %CV of -1% for both CD4 and CD8 with 6-h samples and -2% and -3% for CD4 and CD8, respectively, with 24-h samples. Use of TruCount for shipped samples resulted in a median CD4 count change of 7 cells (50th estimated percentile) when all laboratories and CD4 strata were combined. For on-site samples, the median CD4 count change was 10 CD4 cells for 6-h samples and 2 CD4 cells for 24-h samples, Individual site biases occurred in both directions and cancelled each other when the data were combined for all laboratories, Thus, the combined data showed a smaller change in median CD4 count than what may have occurred at an individual site. In summary, the use of TruCount decreased both the inter- and intralaboratory variability in determining absolute CD4 and CD8 counts. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Infect Dis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02146 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA. Hlth Canada, LCDC, Bur HIV AIDS & STD, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NIAID, Div AIDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Schnizlein-Bick, CT (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Infect Dis, 1001 W 10th St,Room OPW 430, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N0-AI-45175] NR 17 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 3 BP 336 EP 343 DI 10.1128/CDLI.7.3.336-343.2000 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311FB UT WOS:000086873100003 PM 10799443 ER PT J AU Reimann, KA O'Gorman, MRG Spritzler, J Wilkening, CL Sabath, DE Helm, K Campbell, DE AF Reimann, KA O'Gorman, MRG Spritzler, J Wilkening, CL Sabath, DE Helm, K Campbell, DE CA NIAID DAIDS New Technologies Evalu TI Multisite comparison of CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte counting by single- versus multiple-platform methodologies: evaluation of Beckman Coulter flow-count fluorospheres and the tetraONE system SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; CYTOMETRY; AIDS; ANTICOAGULANT; QUANTITATION; ENUMERATION; HEMATOLOGY; DISEASE AB New analytic methods that permit absolute CD4 and CD8 T-cell determinations to be performed entirely on the flow cytometer have the potential for improving assay precision and accuracy, In a multisite trial, we compared two different single-platform assay methods with a predicate two color assay in which the absolute lymphocyte count was derived by conventional hematology, A two-color method employing lymphocyte light scatter gating and Beckman Coulter Flow-Count fluorospheres for absolute counting produced within-laboratory precision equivalent to that of the two-color predicate method, as measured by coefficient of variation of replicate measurements. The fully automated Beckman Coulter tetraONE System four-color assay employing CD45 lymphocyte gating, automated analysis, and absolute counting by fluorospheres resulted in a small but significant improvement in the within-laboratory precision of CD4 and CD8 cell counts and percentages suggesting that the CD45 lymphocyte gating and automated analysis might have contributed to the improved performance. Both the two-color method employing Flow-Count fluorospheres and the four-color tetraONE System provided significant and substantial improvements in between-laboratory precision of absolute counts, In some laboratories, absolute counts obtained by the single-platform methods showed small but consistent differences relative to the predicate method. Comparison of each laboratory's absolute counts with the five laboratory median value suggested that these differences resulted from a bias in the absolute lymphocyte count obtained from the hematology instrument in some laboratories. These results demonstrate the potential for single-platform assay methods to improve within-laboratory and between-laboratory precision of CD4 and CDS T-cell determinations compared with conventional assay methods. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess med Ctr, Div Viral Pathogenesis, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Hlth Canada, Bur HIV AIDS & STD, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. NIAID, DAIDA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Reimann, KA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess med Ctr, Div Viral Pathogenesis, RE-113,POB 15732, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N0-AI-45175] NR 19 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 3 BP 344 EP 351 DI 10.1128/CDLI.7.3.344-351.2000 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311FB UT WOS:000086873100004 PM 10799444 ER PT J AU Inoue, N Mar, EC Dollard, SC Pau, CP Zheng, Q Pellett, PE AF Inoue, N Mar, EC Dollard, SC Pau, CP Zheng, Q Pellett, PE TI New immunofluorescence assays for detection of human herpesvirus 8-specific antibodies SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; VIRAL CAPSID ANTIGEN; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; SERUM ANTIBODIES; DNA-SEQUENCES; VIRUS VECTORS; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8 AB Several assays have been developed for detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies to Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), including immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), However, the specificity and sensitivity of these assays are not completely defined due to the lack of a "gold standard." Although IFAs based on primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cell lines are used widely, the assays can be confounded by nonspecific reactions against cellular components and potential cross-reaction with anti bodies against other herpesviruses. To provide more reliable IFAs, we established recombinant Semliki Forest viruses (rSFVs) expressing the HHV-8-specific proteins ORF73 and K8.1 and used BHK-21 cells infected with these rSFVs For IFA (ORF73-IFA and K8.1-IFA), Expression of the HHV-8-specific proteins at very high levels by the rSFV system allowed easy scoring for IFA and thereby increased specificity, The rSFV system also allowed detection of antibodies against glycosylation-dependent epitopes of K8.1. Titers measured by rSFV-based IFAs and PEL-based IFAs correlated well (correlation coefficients of >0.9), and concordances of seroreactivities between rSFV-based and PEL-based IFAs were >97% (kappa > 0.93). K8.1-IFA was more sensitive than either ORF73-IFA or peptide ELISAs. Using PEL-based lytic IFA as a reference assay, the sensitivity and specificity of K8.1-IFA were estimated to be 94 and 100%, respectively. HHV-8 prevalences determined by K8.1-IFA among the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive (HIV+) Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) patients, HIV+ KS- patients, and healthy controls were 100, 65, and 6.7%, respectively, which were consistent with prior reports. Therefore, our rSFV based IFAs may provide a specific and sensitive method for use in epidemiology studies. in addition, they will provide a basis for further development of diagnostic tests for HHV-8 infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Inoue, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, MS-G18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 3 BP 427 EP 435 DI 10.1128/CDLI.7.3.427-435.2000 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311FB UT WOS:000086873100017 PM 10799457 ER PT J AU Hurst, SF Reyes, GH McLaughlin, DW Reiss, E Morrison, CJ AF Hurst, SF Reyes, GH McLaughlin, DW Reiss, E Morrison, CJ TI Comparison of commercial latex agglutination and sandwich enzyme immunoassays with a competitive binding inhibition enzyme immunoassay for detection of antigenemia and antigenuria in a rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES; GALACTOMANNAN ANTIGENEMIA; RISK-FACTORS; MANAGEMENT; FUMIGATUS AB A commercial latex agglutination assay (LA) and a sandwich enzyme immunoassay (SEIA) (Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur, Marnes-la-Coquette, France) were compared with a competitive binding inhibition assay (enzyme immunoassay [EIA]) to determine the potential uses and limitations of these antigen detection tests for the sensitive, specific, and rapid diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA). Toward this end, well-characterized serum and urine specimens were obtained by using a rabbit model of IA, Serially collected serum or urine specimens were obtained daily from control rabbits or from rabbits immunosuppressed and infected systemically with Aspergillus fumigatus. By 4 days after infection, EW, LA, and SEIA detected antigen in the sera of 93, 93, and 100% of A. fumigatus-infected rabbits, respectively, whereas antigen was detected in the urine of 93, 100, and 100% of the rabbits, respectively, False-positive results for non-ii, fumigatus-infected rabbits for EIA, LA, and SEIA were as follows: for serum,14, 11, and 23%, respectively; for urine, 14, 84, and 90%, respectively. Therefore, although the sensitivities of all three tests were similar, the specificity was generally greater for EW than for LA or SEIA, infection was also detected earlier by EW, by which the serum of 53% of A. fumigatus-infected rabbits was positive as early as 1 day after infection, whereas the serum of only 27% of the rabbits tested by LA was positive. Although the serum of 92% of A. fumigatus infected rabbits was positive by SEIA as early as 1 day after infection, the serum of a high percentage (50%) was false positive before infection. The urine of 21% of A. fumigatus-infected rabbits was positive by EIA as early as I day after infection, and the urine of none of the rabbits was false positive before infection. When EIA results for urine specimens were combined with those for serum, sensitivity was improved (i.e., 67% of rabbits were positive by I day after infection and only one rabbit gave a false-positive result). A total of 93% of A. fumigatus-infected rabbits were positive for antigen In urine as early as 1 day after infection and the urine of 100% of the rabbits was positive by SEIA, However, before infection, 79% of A. fumigatus-infected rabbits were false positive for antigen in urine by LA and 90% were false positive for antigen in urine by SEIA. These data indicate that the EIA has the potential to be used to diagnose IA with both serum and urine specimens and to detect a greater number of infections earlier with greater specificity than the specificities achieved with the commercial tests. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Morrison, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-11,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 3 BP 477 EP 485 DI 10.1128/CDLI.7.3.477-485.2000 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311FB UT WOS:000086873100024 PM 10799464 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KL Walters, MI Sellman, J Quinlisk, P Regnery, H Schwartz, B Dowell, SF AF O'Brien, KL Walters, MI Sellman, J Quinlisk, P Regnery, H Schwartz, B Dowell, SF TI Severe pneumococcal pneumonia in previously healthy children: The role of preceding influenza infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OTITIS-MEDIA; VIRUS; VACCINE; ADHERENCE; EPIDEMIC AB An outbreak of severe pneumococcal pneumonia among children occurred in Iowa from November 1995 through January 1996. An associated outbreak of influenza disease was predominantly caused by influenza A (H1N1) for the first time since 1989. We conducted a case-control study to determine whether preceding influenza infection was directly associated with pneumococcal illness. We identified 13 children with severe pneumococcal pneumonia. Patients were more likely than control subjects to report experiencing an influenza-like illness in the 7-28 days preceding admission (matched odds ratio [OR], 12.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-306). Likewise, family members of patients were more likely than those of control subjects to report experiencing an influenza-like illness in the 28 days preceding their admission date (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.0-6.3). Patients were more likely than control subjects to have a positive influenza A (H1N1) convalescent serology (matched OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.0-18.1). This study provides direct and indirect evidence that influenza infection led to severe pneumococcal pneumonia among these children. Prevention of pneumococcal disease should be included among the potential benefits of influenza vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. RP O'Brien, KL (reprint author), 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 30 TC 162 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 30 IS 5 BP 784 EP 789 DI 10.1086/313772 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 323GN UT WOS:000087557900011 PM 10816149 ER PT J AU Glass, GE Cheek, JE Patz, JA Shields, TM Doyle, TJ Thoroughman, DA Hunt, DK Enscore, RE Gage, KL Irland, C Peters, CJ Bryan, R AF Glass, GE Cheek, JE Patz, JA Shields, TM Doyle, TJ Thoroughman, DA Hunt, DK Enscore, RE Gage, KL Irland, C Peters, CJ Bryan, R TI Using remotely sensed data to identify areas at risk for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; IMAGERY; POPULATIONS; RESERVOIR; TSETSE; VALLEY; TICKS; KENYA; GIS AB The 1993 U.S. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) outbreak was attributed to environmental conditions and increased rodent populations caused by unusual weather in 1991-92. In a case-control study to test this hypothesis, we estimated precipitation at 28 HPS and 170 control sites during the springs of 1992 and 1993 and compared it with precipitation during the previous 6 years by using rainfall patterns at 196 weather stations. We also used elevation data and Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery collected the year before the outbreak to estimate HPS risk by logistic regression analysis. Rainfall at case sites was not higher during 1992-93 than in previous years. However, elevation, as well as satellite data, showed association between environmental conditions and HPS risk the following year. Repeated analysis using satellite imagery from 1995 showed substantial decrease in medium- to high-risk areas. Only one case of HPS was identified in 1996. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Albuquerque, NM USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Glass, GE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 27 TC 105 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 12 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 3 BP 238 EP 247 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 319CB UT WOS:000087321300003 PM 10827113 ER PT J AU Beard, CB Carter, JL Keely, SP Huang, L Pieniazek, NJ Moura, INS Roberts, JM Hightower, AW Bens, MS Freeman, AR Lee, S Stringer, JR Duchin, JS del Rio, C Rimland, D Baughman, RP Levy, DA Dietz, VJ Simon, P Navin, TR AF Beard, CB Carter, JL Keely, SP Huang, L Pieniazek, NJ Moura, INS Roberts, JM Hightower, AW Bens, MS Freeman, AR Lee, S Stringer, JR Duchin, JS del Rio, C Rimland, D Baughman, RP Levy, DA Dietz, VJ Simon, P Navin, TR TI Genetic variation in Pneumocystis carinii isolates from different geographic regions: Implications for transmission SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE GENE; F SP. HOMINIS; TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGIONS; SULFONAMIDE RESISTANCE; AIDS PATIENTS; HYDROXYMETHYLDIHYDROPTERIN PYROPHOSPHOKINASE; SEQUENCE VARIATION; PNEUMONIA; DNA; INFECTION AB To study transmission patterns of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in persons with AIDS, we evaluated P. carinii isolates from patients in five U.S, cities for variation at two independent genetic loci, the mitochondrial large subunit rRNA and dihydropteroate synthase. Fourteen unique multilocus genotypes were observed in 191 isolates that were examined at both loci. Mixed infections, accounting for 17.8% of cases, were associated with primary PCP. Genotype frequency distribution patterns varied by patients' place of diagnosis but not by place of birth. Genetic variation at the two loci suggests three probable characteristics of transmission: that most cases of PCP do not result from infections acquired early in life, that infections are actively acquired from a relatively common source (humans or the environment), and that humans, white not necessarily involved in direct infection of other humans, are nevertheless important in the transmission cycle of P. carinii f. sp, hominis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Beard, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 NR 47 TC 154 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 3 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 319CB UT WOS:000087321300006 PM 10827116 ER PT J AU Moolenaar, RL Pasley-Shaw, R Harkess, JR Lee, A Crutcher, JM AF Moolenaar, RL Pasley-Shaw, R Harkess, JR Lee, A Crutcher, JM TI High prevalence of penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae at a Community Hospital in Oklahoma SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; RESISTANCE; EMERGENCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INTERVENTION; STRAINS; PROGRAM; IMPACT AB During 1997, Oklahoma City's Hospital A reported penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in almost 67% of isolates. To confirm this finding, all Hospital A S. pneumoniae isolates from October 23, 1997, through February 19, 1998, were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and repeat-tested at two other hospital laboratories. Medical records of Hospital A patients with invasive S. pneumoniae infections during 1994 through 1997 were also reviewed. These data were compared with 1998 statewide sentinel hospital surveillance data for invasive S, pneumoniae. Of 48 S, pneumoniae isolates from Hospital A during October 23, 1997, through February 19, 1998, 31 (65%) were penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae, and 23 (48%) were highly penicillin resistant. Similar prevalences were confirmed at the other hospital laboratories; however, significant interlaboratory differences were noted in the determination of third-generation cephalosporin susceptibility. During 1994 through 1997, a trend toward increasing penicillin nonsusceptibility (p <0.05) was noted among S. pneumoniae isolates from nursing home patients. During 1998, 85 (30%) of 282 invasive isolates reported to the state surveillance system were penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae; 33 (12%) were highly resistant. The increase in resistance observed is notable; the interlaboratory discrepancies are unexplained. To respond, a vaccination program was implemented at Hospital A, and vaccination efforts were initiated at nursing homes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mercy Hlth Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Oklahoma State Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Moolenaar, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop D18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 3 BP 283 EP 289 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 319CB UT WOS:000087321300008 PM 10827118 ER PT J AU Elbasha, EH Fitzsimmons, TD Meltzer, MI AF Elbasha, EH Fitzsimmons, TD Meltzer, MI TI Costs and benefits of a subtype-specific surveillance system for identifying Escherichia coli of O157 : H7 outbreaks SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; INFECTIONS; O157-H7 AB We assessed the societal costs and benefits of a subtype-specific surveillance system for identifying outbreak-associated Escherichia coli O157. H7 infections. Using data from Colorado, we estimated that if it averted five cases annually, the system would recover all its costs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Enviornm, Denver, CO USA. RP Elbasha, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 3 BP 293 EP 297 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 319CB UT WOS:000087321300010 PM 10827120 ER PT J AU Longnecker, MP Gladen, BC Patterson, DG Rogan, WJ AF Longnecker, MP Gladen, BC Patterson, DG Rogan, WJ TI Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in relation to thyroid hormone levels in neonates SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thyroid hormones; polychlorinated biphenyls; perinatology; maternal exposures ID HUMAN-MILK; POSTNATAL EXPOSURE; HUMAN HEALTH; INFANTS; DIOXINS; DDE; AROCLOR-1254; CONGENERS; THYROXINE; SYSTEM AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are industrially produced environmentally persistent compounds. In developed countries all humans have detectable levels in blood and other tissues. PCBs alter thyroid hormone metabolism in animal experiments, and human data suggest background-level exposure may have similar effects in neonates. We evaluated this possible effect among 160 North Carolina children whose in utero PCB exposure was estimated on the basis of the mother's PCB levels in milk and blood, in 1978-1982 (estimated median PCB level in milk at birth, 1.8 mg/kg lipid). Their umbilical cord sera were thawed in 1998 and assayed for total thyroxine, free thyroxine, and thyroid stimulating hormone. We found that PCB exposure was not strongly related to any of the thyroid measures. For example, for a one unit change in milk PCB concentration (mg/kg lipid), the associated multivariate-adjusted increase in thyroid stimulating hormone level was 7% (95% confidence limits (CL) = -6, 21), Despite the possibility of sample degradation, these data suggest that within the range of background-level exposure in the United States, in utero PCB exposure is only slightly related to serum concentration of total thyroxine, free thyroxine, and thyroid stimulating hormone at birth. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Longnecker, MP (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233,MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012; OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160; Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 35 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2000 VL 11 IS 3 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1097/00001648-200005000-00004 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 306KV UT WOS:000086596600004 PM 10784239 ER PT J AU Fiore, A Armstrong, G Mast, E Bell, B Margolis, H AF Fiore, A Armstrong, G Mast, E Bell, B Margolis, H TI Hepatitis B vaccine is not associated with liver problems in US children less than 6 years old SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fiore, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Mailstop G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2000 VL 11 IS 3 BP 364 EP 366 DI 10.1097/00001648-200005000-00030 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 306KV UT WOS:000086596600031 PM 10784263 ER PT J AU Galinsky, TL Swanson, NG Sauter, SL Hurrell, JJ Schleifer, LM AF Galinsky, TL Swanson, NG Sauter, SL Hurrell, JJ Schleifer, LM TI A field study of supplementary rest breaks for data-entry operators SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE rest breaks; data entry; musculoskeletal discomfort; eyestrain; performance ID MUSCULOSKELETAL DISCOMFORT; VISUAL FATIGUE; VDT WORK; TASK; PERFORMANCE; POSTURE; STRESS; DISORDERS; JOB AB This study examined the effects of supplementary rest breaks on musculoskeletal discomfort, eyestrain, mood, and performance in data-entry workers. Two rest break schedules were compared in a within-subjects design. Workers alternated between a 'conventional' and a 'supplementary' schedule in 4-week intervals. The conventional schedule contained a 15-min break during the first half of the work shift and a 15-min break during the second half of the shift. The supplementary schedule contained the same two 15-min breaks, and a 5-min break during each hour which otherwise did not contain a break, for a total of 20 extra minutes of break time. Results are based on data from 42 workers. They indicated that discomfort in several areas of the body, and eyestrain, were significantly lower under the supplementary than under the conventional schedule. While symptoms increased from pre- to post-work periods under both schedules, the magnitude of the increases was significantly less under the supplementary schedule. In addition, increases in discomfort of the right forearm, wrist and hand over the course of the work week under the conventional schedule were eliminated under the supplementary schedule. These beneficial effects were obtained without reductions in data-entry performance. C1 NIOSH, Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Internal Revenue Serv, Washington, DC 20224 USA. RP Galinsky, TL (reprint author), NIOSH, Taft Labs, MS-C24,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 48 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD MAY PY 2000 VL 43 IS 5 BP 622 EP 638 DI 10.1080/001401300184297 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 320TE UT WOS:000087415800005 PM 10877480 ER PT J AU Whitaker, DJ Miller, KS Clark, LF AF Whitaker, DJ Miller, KS Clark, LF TI Reconceptualizing adolescent sexual behavior: Beyond did they or didn't they? SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; RISK BEHAVIOR; HIV-INFECTION; COMMUNICATION; MODEL; YOUTH; INTERVENTION; POPULATION; PARTNERS AB Context: Adolescent sexual behavior is typically studied as a dichotomy: Adolescents have had sex or they have not. Broadening this view would lead to a greater understanding of teenagers' sexual behavior. Methods: Interview data from 907 high school students in Alabama, New York and Puerto Rico were used to examine the relationships between sexual experience and a variety of social, psychological and behavioral variables. Four groups of teenagers are compared: those who did not anticipate initiating sex in the next year (delayers), those who anticipated initiating sex in the next year (anticipators), those who had had one sexual partner (singles) and those who had had two or more partners (multiples). Results: Compared with delayers, anticipators reported more alcohol use and marijuana use; poorer psychological health; riskier peer behaviors; and looser ties to family, school and church. Similarly, multiples reported more alcohol and marijuana use, riskier peer behaviors and looser ties to family and school than singles. Risk behaviors, peer behaviors, family variables, and school and church involvement showed a linear trend across the four categories of sexual behavior. Conclusions: The traditional sex-no sex dichotomy obscures differences among sexually inexperienced teenagers and among adolescents who have had sex. Prevention efforts must be tailored to the specific needs of teenagers with differing sexual experiences and expectations, and must address the social and psychological context in which sexual experiences occur. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Whitaker, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 NR 42 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 4 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.2307/2648159 PG 7 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 327YF UT WOS:000087821500002 PM 10894256 ER PT J AU Macaluso, M Demand, M Artz, L Fleenor, M Robey, L Kelaghan, J Cabral, R Hook, EW AF Macaluso, M Demand, M Artz, L Fleenor, M Robey, L Kelaghan, J Cabral, R Hook, EW TI Female condom use among women at high risk of sexually transmitted disease SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID SEX WORKERS; PREVENTION; ACCEPTABILITY; HIV AB Context: Whereas the female condom has been evaluated in many hypothetical acceptability or short-term use studies, there is little information about its suitability for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or HIV over extended periods of time. Methodology: As part of a six-month prospective follow-up study of 1,159 STD clinic patients, clients were interviewed during their initial visit, exposed to a behavioral intervention promoting condoms, given a physical examination and provided with instructions on completing a sexual diary Potential predictors of trying the female condom were evaluated using logistic regression, and three condom-use groups (exclusive users of female condoms, exclusive users of male condoms and users of both types of condoms) were compared using multinomial regression. Results: Among 895 women who reported having engaged in vaginal intercourse during the study period, one-half had sex with only one partner, while one-quarter each had two partners or three or more partners. A total of 731 women reported using the female condom at least once during the follow-up period-85% during the first month of follow-up. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that employed women and those with a regular sexual partner at baseline were significantly more likely to try the female condom. By the end of the follow-up period, 8% of participants had used the female condom exclusively, 15% had used the male condom exclusively, 73% had used both types of condom and 3% had used no condoms. Twenty percent of women who tried the female condom used it only once and 13% used it twice, while 20% used 5-9 female condoms and 32% used 10 or more. Consistent condom users (N = 309) were predominantly users of both types of condom (75%), and were less often exclusive users of the male condom (78%) or the female condom (7%). According to a multivariate analysis, women who used the female condom exclusively or who mixed condom types were more likely to be black, were more likely to be employed and were more likely to have a regular partner than were users of the male condom. Conclusions: Women at risk of STDs find the female condom acceptable and will try it, and some use it consistently Mixing use of female condoms and male condoms may facilitate consistent condom use. The female condom may improve an individual's options for risk reduction and help reduce the spread of STDs. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Int Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Jefferson Cty Dept Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Madison Cty Hlth Dept, Huntsville, AL USA. NICHHD, Ctr Populat Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Community Oncol & Prevent Trials Res Grp, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth,Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Jefferson Cty Dept Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Macaluso, M (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Int Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-1-3135]; PHS HHS [U48/CCU409679-02, SIP 10] NR 25 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.2307/2648163 PG 7 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 327YF UT WOS:000087821500006 PM 10894260 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Coughlin, SS Sun, FZ Flanders, WD AF Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Coughlin, SS Sun, FZ Flanders, WD TI On the use of population-based registries in the clinical validation of genetic tests for disease susceptibility SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE genetic testing; registries; case-control study; epidemiologic methods ID EXPOSURE-SPECIFIC INCIDENCE; DEVELOPING BREAST-CANCER; COMPLEX HUMAN-DISEASES; OVARIAN-CANCER; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; PROSTATE-CANCER; SPINA-BIFIDA; RISK FACTOR; BRCA1 AB Purpose: Many new genetic tests for susceptibility to adult-onset diseases are developed on the basis of selected and high-risk groups. Before such tests can be used in medical practice, however, epidemiologic studies must be conducted to evaluate their clinical sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value in the general population. For many common adult-onset diseases, this process may take decades of follow-up. Method: We illustrate how clinical validation of new predictive genetic tests can be done retrospectively using case-control studies that are derived from population-based registries of diseases. We use the examples of birth defects and cancer registries to illustrate a hypothetical process by which such tests can be clinically validated. Results: We demonstrate how such epidemiologic studies can be successfully used to derive measures of a test's sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and of the population attributable fraction of disease due to the disease-susceptibility genes. Under certain assumptions, data derived from population-based case-control studies provide adequate estimates of lifetime risks for disease (penetrance) among people with specified genotypes, Conclusions: With adequate protections of human subjects, studies involving population-based registries of disease will increasingly become valuable in validating the numerous genetic tests that will emerge from advances inhuman genetic research and the Human Genome Project. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Pediat Genet Branch, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Pediat Genet Branch, CDC, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Sun, Fengzhu /G-4373-2010 NR 53 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 2 IS 3 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.1097/00125817-200005000-00005 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 409PV UT WOS:000167392800005 PM 11256664 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Thrasher, JF Burke, W Gettig, EA Fridinger, F Jackson, R AF Khoury, MJ Thrasher, JF Burke, W Gettig, EA Fridinger, F Jackson, R TI Challenges in communicating genetics: A public health approach SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVALUATION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PREVENTION; MEDICINE; GENES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 2 IS 3 BP 198 EP 202 DI 10.1097/00125817-200005000-00007 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 409PV UT WOS:000167392800007 PM 11256666 ER PT J AU Evatt, BL Robillard, L AF Evatt, BL Robillard, L TI Establishing haemophilia care in developing countries: using data to overcome the barrier of pessimism SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article ID HEMOPHILIA-CARE; DEVELOPING-WORLD; MANAGEMENT; PROGRAM C1 Ctr Dis Control, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. World Federat Hemophilia, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Evatt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD MAY PY 2000 VL 6 IS 3 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2516.2000.00417.x PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 319YG UT WOS:000087373100001 PM 10792469 ER PT J AU Matt, GE Hovell, MF Zakarian, JM Bernert, JT Pirkle, JL Hammond, SK AF Matt, GE Hovell, MF Zakarian, JM Bernert, JT Pirkle, JL Hammond, SK TI Measuring secondhand smoke exposure in babies: The reliability and validity of mother reports in a sample of low-income families SO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE secondhand smoke; exposure; babies; mother reports; validity; reliability ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; PASSIVE SMOKING; BOGUS PIPELINE; COTININE; INFANTS; CHILDREN; NICOTINE; VALIDATION; NONSMOKERS; IMPACT AB The reliability and validity of mother's reports of their infants' exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) were examined in an ethnically diverse sample of low-income, low-education families (N = 141 mothers). At baseline and posttest, smoking mothers reported about their infants' SHS exposure at different locations and by different sources during the previous week. Findings show that mothers can give reliable accounts of the degree to which they contribute to their babies' SHS exposure. Mothers are able to differentiate between their own smoking behavior and the extent to which they expose their infants. Consistent with the overall exposure pattern. exposure caused by the mother and exposure occurring at home showed the strongest associations with biological and environmental measures. These findings suggest that smoking mothers can provide reliable and valid reports of the degree to which their infants are exposed to SHS. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Ctr Behav Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Matt, GE (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RI Matt, Georg/A-7076-2009; Travers, Mark/C-7832-2011 NR 46 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0278-6133 J9 HEALTH PSYCHOL JI Health Psychol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 19 IS 3 BP 232 EP 241 DI 10.1037//0278-6133.19.3.232 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 322BM UT WOS:000087490400003 PM 10868767 ER PT J AU Dhole, TN Kapoor, A Agarwal, J Isomura, S Kew, OM AF Dhole, TN Kapoor, A Agarwal, J Isomura, S Kew, OM TI Intratypic differentiation & partial nucleotide sequencing of poliovirus isolates of northern India SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE intratyping; nucleotide sequencing; poliovirus ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; RNA PROBES; TYPE-1; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION AB The potential resolving power of molecular epidemiological studies has enhanced the precision and reliability of poliovirus (PV) surveillance. PV has an error prone RNA polymerase responsible for rapid evolution of genome (similar to 10(-2)nt substitution/site/year), during inter and intra-human passages. The present study included a serotyped panel of 60 PV (42 PV type-1, 13 PV type-2 and 5 PV type-3) isolated during 1997. They were differentiated into vaccine (Sabin) and wild strains by two methods viz., genotype specific RNA probe hybridization (Rpro-Hy) based on genotypic variability; and EI,ISA that uses cross-absorbed antiserum (Pab-E) based on phenotypic variability. For obtaining information on molecular epidemiology, partial nucleotide sequencing (VP1/2A region) of five clinical PV isolates was also done. Three of the 60 isolates (two PV type-1 and one PV type-3) intratyped, could not be differentiated correctly by either method. Genotypic characterization of PV isolates was done for confirmation of intratyping results. All five wild PV1 sequenced belonged to the same genotype (>85% homology) and sequence divergence among the strains was less than or equal to 4.5 per cent. This indicated circulation of a single genetic lineage in the area. C1 Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India. Nagoya Univ, Sch Med, Dept Int Hlth, Nagoya, Aichi 466, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Mol Virol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dhole, TN (reprint author), Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN COUNCIL MEDICAL RES PI NEW DELHI PA PO BOX 4911 ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110029, INDIA SN 0971-5916 J9 INDIAN J MED RES JI Indian J. Med. Res. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 111 BP 151 EP 156 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 338AF UT WOS:000088395400001 PM 10943066 ER PT J AU Gaynes, RP AF Gaynes, RP TI Surveillance of surgical-site infections: The world coming together? SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; WOUND INFECTIONS; COST; NETHERLANDS; HOSPITALS; SURGERY; SYSTEM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program E55, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaynes, RP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program E55, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 21 IS 5 BP 309 EP 310 DI 10.1086/501761 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 314AC UT WOS:000087031100009 PM 10823562 ER PT J AU Al-Saigul, AM Fontaine, RE Haddad, Q AF Al-Saigul, AM Fontaine, RE Haddad, Q TI Nosocomial malaria from contamination of a multidose heparin container with blood SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A girl developed Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, a non-malarious area. Twelve to 18 days before onset, she had been hospitalized for asthma on the same ward as three malaria patients. The only link between the malaria patients and the asthma patient was a multidose heparin container used to fill syringes for use on heparin locks and intravenous devices. Contamination of the heparin with blood occurred on at least one occasion when a needle had been left in place through the septum of this container and was used to refill a used syringe. C1 Minist Hlth, Saudi Arabian Field Epidemiol Training Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ctr Dis Control, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Secur Forces Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Fontaine, RE (reprint author), USAID, Unit 70206, APO, AE 09892 USA. NR 7 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 21 IS 5 BP 329 EP 330 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 314AC UT WOS:000087031100013 PM 10823566 ER PT J AU Cardo, DM AF Cardo, DM TI The most commonly asked questions about postexposure prophylaxis after occupational exposures to the human immunodeficiency virus SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HIV-INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; BLOOD; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, HIV Infect Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cardo, DM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 9 IS 4 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1097/00019048-200009040-00004 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 309FD UT WOS:000086756900004 ER PT J AU Collins, MD Hutson, RA Falsen, E Nikolaitchouk, N LaClaire, L Facklam, RR AF Collins, MD Hutson, RA Falsen, E Nikolaitchouk, N LaClaire, L Facklam, RR TI An unusual Streptococcus from human urine, Streptococcus urinalis sp nov. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA gene; phylogeny; taxonomy; Streptococcus urinalis sp nov. ID GEN-NOV; PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION; ORGANISMS AB Biochemical, molecular chemical and molecular genetic studies were performed on an unknown Gram-positive, catalase-negative, chain-forming coccus isolated from the urine of a patient suffering from cystitis. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the organism is a member of the 'pyogenic subgroup' of the genus Streptococcus and has a close affinity with Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus canis. The unknown coccus was, however, readily distinguished from these species and other streptococci by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as a new species of the genus Streptococcus, Streptococcus urinalis sp. nov. The type strain of Streptococcus urinalis is CCUG 41590(T). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Reading, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Reading, Berks, England. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Clin Bacteriol, Culture Collect, Gothenburg, Sweden. Russian Peoples Friendship Univ, Dept Microbiol, Moscow, Russia. RP Facklam, RR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 50 BP 1173 EP 1178 PN 3 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 316PK UT WOS:000087176500028 PM 10843060 ER PT J AU Churchyard, GJ Corbett, EL Kleinschmidt, I Mulder, D De Cock, KM AF Churchyard, GJ Corbett, EL Kleinschmidt, I Mulder, D De Cock, KM TI Drug-resistant tuberculosis in South African gold miners: incidence and associated factors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE drug-resistant tuberculosis; risk factors; HIV; gold miners; treatment failure ID HIV-INFECTION; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE AB SETTING: A gold mining company in the Free State Province of South Africa. OBJECTIVE: To document the incidence of and factors associated with drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in South African gold miners. DESIGN: Review of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility records for the period from 1 July 1993 to 30 June 1997. RESULTS: Over the study period, 2241 miners had culture-positive M. tuberculosis pulmonary disease where isolates were tested for drug susceptibility to the four primary anti-tuberculosis drugs. The proportions of primary and acquired drug resistance were respectively 7.3% and 14.3% for isoniazid and 1.0% and 2.8% for resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin (multidrug resistance). Resistance to streptomycin and ethambutol was uncommon, and rifampicin monoresistance was rare. No significant factors for primary drug resistance were identified. Patients with retreatment pulmonary TB who failed primary TB treatment (versus cure) were significantly more likely to have TB with resistance to any TB drug or MDR (odds ratios respectively 9.82, 95%CI 2.97-33.5, and 18.74, 95%CI 1.76-475). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was not significantly associated with primary or acquired drug resistance, and there was no trend of increasing resistance over time. CONCLUSION: Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance has remained stable despite the HIV epidemic and increasing TB rates. Directly observed therapy may have contributed to containing the level of drug resistance. Adherence to and completion of treatment are essential to prevent drug resistance and treatment failure, including in situations with high HIV prevalence. C1 Aurum Hlth Res, ZA-9460 Welkom, South Africa. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. MRC S Africa, Ctr Epidemiol Res S Africa, Durban, South Africa. Univ Amsterdam, Inst Social Med, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Churchyard, GJ (reprint author), Aurum Hlth Res, POB 87, ZA-9460 Welkom, South Africa. OI Corbett, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3552-3181 NR 22 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 4 IS 5 BP 433 EP 440 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 310QB UT WOS:000086837900008 PM 10815737 ER PT J AU Mallory, KF Churchyard, GJ Kleinschmidt, I De Cock, KM Corbett, EL AF Mallory, KF Churchyard, GJ Kleinschmidt, I De Cock, KM Corbett, EL TI The impact of HIV infection on recurrence of tuberculosis in South African gold miners SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE recurrent tuberculosis; HIV infection ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SHORT-COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY; 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASE; ZAIRE AB DESIGN AND OBJECTIVES: Potential risk factors for recurrence of tuberculosis (TB) were investigated in a retrospective cohort study of 305 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and 984 HIV-negative South African gold miners treated for TB with directly-observed, rifampicin-based regimens. Standard treatment changed from rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide (RHZ) to RHZ plus ethambutol (RHZE) during the study period. RESULTS: Recurrence occurred in 37 HIV-positive and 46 HIV-negative men. HIV infection was associated with a significantly higher recurrence rate (8.2 vs 2.2 per 100 person-years; multivariate-adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 4.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0-8.1), as were post-tuberculous scarring (multivariate-adjusted IRR 1.6 for one or two scarred lung zones, 4.0 for three or more zones; test for trend P < 0.001) and drug resistance (multivariate-adjusted IRR 2.7, 95%CI 1.01-7.4). The recurrence rate was significantly higher following treatment with RHZ than RHZE (multivariate-adjusted IRR 2.1, 95%CI 1.1-4.0). The difference between regimens needs to be interpreted with caution, however, as allocation was not randomised. CONCLUSION: The high recurrence rate among HIV-positive men requires further investigation to distinguish relapse from re-infection as the predominant cause, leading to consideration of further intensification of the initial regimen or use of secondary prophylaxis. C1 Aurum Hlth Res, ZA-9460 Welkom, South Africa. MRC, Durban, South Africa. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mallory, KF (reprint author), Aurum Hlth Res, POB 87, ZA-9460 Welkom, South Africa. OI Corbett, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3552-3181 NR 19 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 4 IS 5 BP 455 EP 462 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 310QB UT WOS:000086837900011 PM 10815740 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Pinkerton, SD AF Chesson, HW Pinkerton, SD TI Sexually transmitted diseases and the increased risk for HIV transmission: Implications for cost-effectiveness analyses of sexually transmitted disease prevention interventions SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Review DE HIV; AIDS; sexually transmitted diseases; prevention; Bernoulli model ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; GENITAL-ULCER-DISEASE; VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; CD4 CELL DEPLETION; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; NORTHERN THAILAND; HIV-1-INFECTED MEN; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SYNERGY; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS AB We estimated the annual number and cost of new HIV infections in the United States attributable to other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). We used a mathematical model of HIV transmission to estimate the probability that a given STD infection would facilitate HIV transmission from an HIV-infected person to his or her partner and to calculate the number of HIV infections due to these facilitative effects. In 1996, an estimated 5052 new HIV cases were attributable to the four STDs considered here: chlamydia (3249 cases), syphilis (1002 cases), gonorrhea (430 eases), and genital herpes (371 cases). These new HIV cases account for approximately $985 million U.S. in direct HIV treatment costs. The model suggested that syphilis is far more likely than the other STDs (on a per-case basis) to facilitate HIV transmission. This analysis provides a framework for incorporating STD-attributable HIV treatment costs into cost-effectiveness analyses of STD prevention programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), CDC Mailstop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [P30-MH52776, R01-MH55440] NR 103 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 24 IS 1 BP 48 EP 56 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 326KJ UT WOS:000087734400007 PM 10877495 ER PT J AU Harlow, SD Schuman, P Cohen, M Ohmit, SE Cu-Uvin, S Lin, XH Anastos, K Burns, D Greenblatt, R Minkoff, H Muderspach, L Rompalo, A Warren, D Young, MA Klein, RS AF Harlow, SD Schuman, P Cohen, M Ohmit, SE Cu-Uvin, S Lin, XH Anastos, K Burns, D Greenblatt, R Minkoff, H Muderspach, L Rompalo, A Warren, D Young, MA Klein, RS TI Effect of HIV infection on menstrual cycle length SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; menstruation; menstruation disorders; amenorrhea ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; WOMEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASE AB HIV serostatus and menstrual function were examined using prospectively collected menstrual data from 802 HIV-seropositive and 273 HIV-seronegative women, ages 20 to 44, enrolled in two cohort studies of HIV infection in North American women. The associations between HIV serostatus and the probabilities of having a cycle lasting >40 days (n = 541 cycles), >90 days (n = 67 cycles), <18 days (n = 315 cycles) and mean length and variability of 18 to 30 day cycles (n = 3634) were assessed. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, body mass index, and substance use, seropositivity increased the odds of having a very short cycle (<18 days, odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-2.11) and a very long cycle (>90 days, OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.68-2.58) slightly, although the latter CIs include one. Seropositivity did nor increase the odds of having a moderately long cycle (>40 days, OR, 1.14) or affect mean cycle length or variability (beta, 0.30 +/- 0.20: between-woman standard deviation [SD]. 2.2 days [HIV-seronegative] and 1.9 days [HIV-seropositive]: within-woman SD, 3.5 days for both). Although seropositivity may slightly increase the probability of very short cycles, HIV serostatus has little overall effect on amenorrhea, menstrual cycle length, or variability. Among HIV-seropositive women, higher viral loads and lower CD4(+) counts were associated with increased cycle variability and polymenorrhea. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Catholic Med Ctr Brooklyn, Jamaica, NY USA. Catholic Med Ctr Queens, Jamaica, NY USA. Natl Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. SUNY, Brooklyn, NY USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Harlow, SD (reprint author), Dept Epidemiol, 109 Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01-AI-31834, U01-AI-34994, U01-AI-35004] NR 25 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 24 IS 1 BP 68 EP 75 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 326KJ UT WOS:000087734400010 PM 10877498 ER PT J AU Bacon, WE Hadden, WC AF Bacon, WE Hadden, WC TI Occurrence of hip fractures and socioeconomic position SO JOURNAL OF AGING AND HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAM; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; HEALTH; ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; DISEASE; PROXY AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine hip fracture incidence in the older U.S. White population as a function of their socioeconomic position. Methods: A sample of 5,161 White, hip fracture cases, 50 years and older, was selected using data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey for 1989-91. Median annual household income by ZIP Code of residence based on the 1990 Census was used as the measure of socioeconomic position. Fracture rates were calculated by age, sex, and income groups ranging from under $20,000 to $40,000 and more. Results: A weighted, least squares analysis found a significant linear decrease in rates with increasing income after controlling for age and sex. Conclusions: The results indicate that hip fracture incidence varies as a function of the income level of the ZIP Code area where the population resides. Implications for targeting prevention programs within local areas with low median income are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 39 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0898-2643 J9 J AGING HEALTH JI J. Aging Health PD MAY PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1177/089826430001200203 PG 11 WC Gerontology; Health Policy & Services SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 310XN UT WOS:000086855000003 PM 11010696 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH AF Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH TI Diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease incidence, and death from all causes in African American and European American women - The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blacks; diabetes; coronary disease; female ID ASSOCIATION DETECTION PROJECT; FACTOR INTERVENTION TRIAL; RISK-FACTORS; WHITE MEN; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; BLACK POPULATIONS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; FASTING GLUCOSE; INSULIN AB are available on risk for coronary heart disease in African American women with diabetes mellitus, a well-established coronary risk factor in European American women. This study tests the hypothesis that medical history of diabetes predicts coronary heart disease incidence in African American women in a national cohort. Participants in the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study in this analysis were 1035 African American and 5732 European American women aged 25-74 years without a history of coronary heart disease. Average follow-up for survivors was 19 years (maximum 22 years). Risk of incident coronary heart disease by baseline diabetes status was estimated. Proportional hazards analyses for African American women aged 25-74 revealed significant associations of coronary heart disease risk with diabetics after adjusting for age (RR = 2.40; 95% CI, 1.58-3.64, P < 0.01). After adjusting for age, smoking, and low education, there was an elevated risk in diabetics age 25-74 (RR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.54-3.56, P < 0.01); this association did not differ significantly from that for European American women. Excess coronary incidence in African American compared to European American women aged 25-64 was statistically Explained by controlling for diabetes history, age, education, and smoking hut only partly explained by age and diabetes history. In African American women aged 25-74, diabetes was also associated with increased coronary heart disease, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality. The population attributable risk of coronary heart disease incidence associated with a medical history of diabetes was 8.7% in African American women and 6.1% in European American women. Medical history of diabetes was a significant predictor of coronary heart disease incidence and mortality in African American women and explained some of the excess coronary incidence in younger African American compared to European American women. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 45 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 53 IS 5 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00208-5 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 314UG UT WOS:000087075500010 PM 10812324 ER PT J AU Mohammed, MJ Tenover, FC AF Mohammed, MJ Tenover, FC TI Evaluation of the PASCO strep plus broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility panels for testing Streptococcus pneumoniae and other streptococcal species SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRIDANS GROUP STREPTOCOCCI; DISK SCREENING-TEST; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; UNITED-STATES; MICROSCAN MICROSTREP; HIGH-RATES; CEPHALOSPORIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBIOTICS; MENINGITIS AB Antimicrobial resistance continues to increase worldwide among isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other species of streptococci, increasing rates of penicillin resistance, particularly in viridans group streptococci, and resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobial agents, including beta-lactams, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones, in pneumococci have increased the importance of having accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing results for guiding therapy. One commercial method of assessing resistance in streptococci is the PASCO Strep Plus panel. This broth microdilution-based method has recently been expanded to include a variety of newer antimicrobial agents. Therefore, we compared the results of the new PASCO Strep Plus panels for 26 antimicrobial agents against the results generated using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution reference method for 75 pneumococci and 68 other streptococcal isolates. Only 4 (0.2%) very major errors (all with pneumococci and each with a different antimicrobial agent) were observed. There were 5 (0.3%) major errors observed with pneumococci (each with a different antimicrobial agent), but only 1 major error with nonpneumococcal streptococci. All of the very major and major errors resolved on retesting. Of the 65 (3.9%) and 17 (1.6%) minor errors observed with pneumococci and other streptococci, respectively, all were within 1 dilution of the broth microdilution reference MIC result. Thus, the PASCO Strep Plus panel has comparable accuracy to the NCCLS broth microdilution reference method. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch G08, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1713 EP 1716 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 311TU UT WOS:000086902400002 PM 10790086 ER PT J AU Martin, DA Muth, DA Brown, T Johnson, AJ Karabatsos, N Roehrig, JT AF Martin, DA Muth, DA Brown, T Johnson, AJ Karabatsos, N Roehrig, JT TI Standardization of immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for routine diagnosis of arboviral infections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; HUMANS; SERODIAGNOSIS AB Immonoglobulin M antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) is a rapid and versatile diagnostic method that readily permits the combination of multiple assays, Test consolidation is especially important for arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) which belong to at least three virus families: the Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Bunyaviridae. Using prototype viruses from each of these families and a panel of well-characterized human sera, we have evaluated and standardized a combined MAC-ELISA capable of identifying virus infections caused by members of each virus family, Furthermore, by grouping antigens geographically and utilizing known serological cross-reactivities, we have reduced the number of antigens necessary for testing, while maintaining adequate detection sensitivity. We have determined that a 1:400 serum dilution is most appropriate for screening antiviral antibody, using a positive-to-negative ratio of greater than or equal to 2.0 as a positive cutoff value. With a blind-ceded human serum panel, this combined MAC-ELISA was shown to have test sensitivity and specificity that correlated well with those of other serological techniques. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Martin, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 24 TC 233 Z9 248 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1823 EP 1826 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 311TU UT WOS:000086902400023 PM 10790107 ER PT J AU Johnson, AJ Martin, DA Karabatsos, N Roehrig, JT AF Johnson, AJ Martin, DA Karabatsos, N Roehrig, JT TI Detection of anti-arboviral immunoglobulin G by using a monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; NEUTRALIZATION TEST; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; IDENTIFICATION; SERODIAGNOSIS; EASTERN; HUMANS AB Monoclonal antibody (MAb)-based capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of anti-arboviral immunoglobulin G (IgG ELISAs) were developed for a comprehensive array of medically important arboviruses from the Alphavirus, Flavivirus, and Bunyavirus genera, Tests were optimized and standardized so that maximum homology could be maintained among working parameters for the different viral agents, enabling a wide range of viruses to be easily tested for at one time. MAbs were screened for suitability as capture vehicles for antigens from the three genera, The final test configuration utilized group-reactive MAbs eastern equine encephalitis virus 1A4B-6, dengue 2 virus 4G2, and La Crosse encephalitis virus 10G5.4 to capture the specific inactivated viral antigens, Serum IgG was detected by using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-human IgG (Fc portion). A dilution of 1:400 was chosen as the universal screening serum dilution, with endpoint titrations of serum samples testing positive eliminating occasional false-positive results. IgG ELISA results correlated with those of the standard plaque-reduction neutralization assays, As expected, some test cross-reactivity was encountered within the individual genera, and tests were interpreted within the context of these reactions. The tests were standardized for laboratory diagnosis of arboviral infections, with the intent that they be used in tandem with the corresponding IgM antibody-capture ELISAs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Johnson, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 23 TC 112 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1827 EP 1831 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 311TU UT WOS:000086902400024 PM 10790108 ER PT J AU Pietrzak-Johnston, SM Bishop, H Wahlquist, S Moura, H Da Silva, ND Da Silva, SP Nguyen-Dinh, P AF Pietrzak-Johnston, SM Bishop, H Wahlquist, S Moura, H Da Silva, ND Da Silva, SP Nguyen-Dinh, P TI Evaluation of commercially available preservatives for laboratory detection of helminths and protozoa in human fecal specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hosp Univ Pedro Ernesto, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Pietrzak-Johnston, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F-13,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1959 EP 1964 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 311TU UT WOS:000086902400044 PM 10790128 ER PT J AU Avila-Campos, MJ Sacchi, CT Whitney, AM Steigerwalt, AG Mayer, LW AF Avila-Campos, MJ Sacchi, CT Whitney, AM Steigerwalt, AG Mayer, LW TI Design of specific primer to identification of Actinobacillus actinomycelemcomitans. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Inst Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Avila-Campos, Mario/D-7727-2012 OI Avila-Campos, Mario/0000-0002-2378-7251 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1112 EP 1112 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 325QJ UT WOS:000087687600728 ER PT J AU Wu, FM Doyle, MP Beuchat, LR Wells, JG Mintz, ED Swaminathan, B AF Wu, FM Doyle, MP Beuchat, LR Wells, JG Mintz, ED Swaminathan, B TI Fate of Shigella sonnei on parsley and methods of disinfection SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; CHLORINATED WATER; ICEBERG LETTUCE; ACETIC-ACID; SURVIVAL; OUTBREAK; VINEGAR; GROWTH AB Outbreaks of shigellosis associated with chopped parsley used as a garnish for foods occurred in four states in the United States and in two Canadian provinces in 1998. This prompted a study to determine survival and growth characteristics of Shigella sonnei inoculated onto raw parsley. Two inoculum levels (similar to 10(3) and 10(6) CFU/g) were applied to parsley leaves, portions of which were then chopped. Inoculated whole and chopped parsley leaves were held at 4 degrees C or 21 degrees C for up to 14 days. Initial populations of the organism on chopped parsley receiving high or low levels of inoculum increased by approximately 3 log(10) CFU/g, within 1 day at 21 degrees C. Populations of S. sonnei on inoculated chopped or whole parsley leaves held at 4 degrees C decreased by 2.5 to 3.0 log(10) CFU/g during a 14-day storage period. The pathogen multiplied, without a lag phase, on inoculated (2.72 log(10) CFU/g) chopped parsley held at 21 degrees C, exceeding 6 log(10) CFU/g within 24 h. Treatment of inoculated whole parsley leaves with vinegar containing 5.2% (vol/vol) acetic acid or 200 ppm free chlorine for 5 min at 21 degrees C reduced the population of S. sonnei by more than 6 log(10) CFU/g, whereas treatment with vinegar containing 7.6% acetic acid or 250 ppm free chlorine reduced initial populations of 7.07 and 7.26 log(10) CFU/g, respectively, to undetectable levels (<0.6 log(10) CFU/g). These studies revealed that S. sonnei can grow rapidly on chopped parsley held at ambient temperature and remain viable for at least 14 days at 4 degrees C. Treatment of contaminated parsley with vinegar or chlorinated water offers a simple method to reduce markedly or eliminate the pathogen in food-service or home settings. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety & Qual Enhancement, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Doyle, MP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety & Qual Enhancement, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 28 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 63 IS 5 BP 568 EP 572 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 312CM UT WOS:000086925700002 PM 10826712 ER PT J AU Kilmarx, PH Limpakarnjanarat, K Kaewkungwal, J Srismith, R Saisorn, S Uthaivoravit, W Young, NL Mastro, TD AF Kilmarx, PH Limpakarnjanarat, K Kaewkungwal, J Srismith, R Saisorn, S Uthaivoravit, W Young, NL Mastro, TD TI Disease progression and survival with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype E infection among female sex workers in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th World AIDS Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1998 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND ID INJECTING DRUG-USERS; PLASMA VIRAL LOAD; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; HIV-INFECTION; TRICONTINENTAL SEROCONVERTER; NORTHERN THAILAND; CHIANG-RAI; AIDS; WOMEN; COHORT AB This study describes rates and correlates of disease progression and survival among 194 female sex workers in northern Thailand who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1; 96% with subtype E). The median rate of CD4 T lymphocyte decline (3.9 cells/mu L/month), median time from infection to <200 CD4 T lymphocytes/mu L (6.9 years), and time to 25% mortality (6.0 years) were similar to those found in studies performed in Western countries before highly active antiretroviral therapy was available to populations infected with HIV-1 subtype B. Mortality rates among women with >100,000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL were 15.4 times higher (95% confidence interval, 5.2-45.2) than among women with <10,000 copies. Initial CD4 T lymphocyte counts and serum virus load were independently strong predictors of survival. These results can help in assessing the effects of the epidemic in Thailand and in determining the prognoses for individual patients. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIBAIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Chiang Rai Provincial Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kilmarx, PH (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIBAIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 48 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 IS 5 BP 1598 EP 1606 DI 10.1086/315469 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 319QV UT WOS:000087353700011 PM 10823759 ER PT J AU Lima, AAM Moore, SR Barboza, MS Soares, AM Schleupner, MA Newman, RD Sears, CL Nataro, JP Fedorko, DP Wuhib, T Schorling, JB Guerrant, RL AF Lima, AAM Moore, SR Barboza, MS Soares, AM Schleupner, MA Newman, RD Sears, CL Nataro, JP Fedorko, DP Wuhib, T Schorling, JB Guerrant, RL TI Persistent diarrhea signals a critical period of increased diarrhea burdens and nutritional shortfalls: A prospective cohort study among children in northeastern Brazil SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Meeting of the International-Centers-for-Tropical-Disease-Research CY APR 26-28, 1999 CL NIH, BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP Int Ctr Trop Dis Res HO NIH ID ENTEROAGGREGATIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM INFECTION; CATCH-UP GROWTH; RISK-FACTORS; RURAL BANGLADESH; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PERUVIAN CHILDREN; PHYSICAL GROWTH; URBAN-COMMUNITY; EARLY-CHILDHOOD AB Persistent diarrhea (PD; duration greater than or equal to 14 days) is a growing part of the global burden of diarrheal diseases. A 45-month prospective cohort study (with illness, nutritional, and microbiologic surveillance) was conducted in a shantytown in northeastern Brazil, to elucidate the epidemiology, nutritional impact, and causes of PD in early childhood (0-3 years of age). A nested case-control design was used to examine children's diarrhea burden and nutritional status before and after a first PD illness. PD illnesses accounted for 8% of episodes and 34% of days of diarrhea, First PD illnesses were preceded by a doubling of acute diarrhea burdens, were followed by further 2.6-3.5-fold increased diarrhea burdens for 18 months, and were associated with acute weight shortfalls. Exclusively breast-fed children had 8-fold lower diarrhea rates than did weaned children. PD-associated etiologic agents included Cryptosporidium, Giardia, enteric adenoviruses, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, PD signals growth shortfalls and increased diarrhea burdens; children with PD merit extended support, and the illness warrants further study to elucidate its prevention, treatment, and impact. C1 Fed Univ Ceara, Hosp Walter Condidio, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Fac Med,Clin Res Unit, BR-60436160 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Geograph & Int Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Hlth Alliance Int, Seattle, WA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis & Gastroenterol, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NIH, Dept Clin Pathol, Microbiol Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lima, AAM (reprint author), Fed Univ Ceara, Hosp Walter Condidio, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Fac Med,Clin Res Unit, Av Jose Bastos,3390 Sala 90,Porangabussu, BR-60436160 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01AI26512, AI33096] NR 64 TC 118 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 IS 5 BP 1643 EP 1651 DI 10.1086/315423 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 319QV UT WOS:000087353700017 PM 10823764 ER PT J AU Daniels, NA MacKinnon, L Bishop, R Altekruse, S Ray, B Hammond, RM Thompson, S Wilson, S Bean, NH Griffin, PM Slutsker, L AF Daniels, NA MacKinnon, L Bishop, R Altekruse, S Ray, B Hammond, RM Thompson, S Wilson, S Bean, NH Griffin, PM Slutsker, L TI Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections in the United States, 1973-1998 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Interdisciplinary Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) CY SEP 26-29, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ID GULF-COAST; OYSTERS; CHOLERA AB Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections are associated with consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish, contaminated food, and exposure of wounds to warm seawater. Foodborne outbreaks and sporadic infections from Vibrio species in 4 Gulf Coast states are reported routinely to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Between 1988 and 1997, 345 sporadic V. parahaemolyticus infections were reported: 59% were gastroenteritis, 34% were wound infections, 5% were septicemia, and 2% were from other exposures. Forty-five percent of patients suffering from these conditions were hospitalized for their infections, and 88% of persons with acute gastroenteritis reported having eaten raw oysters during the week before their illness occurred. Between 1973 and 1998, 40 outbreaks of V. parahaemolyticus infections were reported to the CDC, and these outbreaks included >1000 illnesses. Most of these outbreaks occurred during the warmer months and were attributed to seafood, particularly shellfish, The median attack rate among persons who consumed the implicated seafood was 56%. To prevent V. parahaemolyticus infections, persons should avoid consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish and exposure of wounds to seawater. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX USA. Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Montgomery, AL 36102 USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Daniels, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, 1701 Divisadero St,Ste 500, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. NR 22 TC 302 Z9 327 U1 2 U2 16 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 IS 5 BP 1661 EP 1666 DI 10.1086/315459 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 319QV UT WOS:000087353700019 PM 10823766 ER PT J AU Branch, OH Oloo, AJ Nahlen, BL Kaslow, D Lal, AA AF Branch, OH Oloo, AJ Nahlen, BL Kaslow, D Lal, AA TI Anti-merozoite surface protein-1 19-kDa IgG in mother-infant pairs naturally exposed to Plasmodium falciparum: Subclass analysis with age, exposure to asexual parasitemia, and protection against malaria. V. The Asembo Bay Cohort Project SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID C-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; B-CELL EPITOPES; 19-KILODALTON DOMAIN; SERUM ANTIBODIES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; IN-VITRO; INHIBIT; GROWTH; BLOOD; MSP1 AB The anti-merozoite surface protein-1 19-kDa IgG (anti-MSP1(19KD)) IgG responses of 33 parasitemic infants, aged 6-14 months, were compared with those of their mothers at the time of the infant's delivery and at the time the infants were sampled; the antimalaria protection associated with these responses was also compared. IgG1 and IgG3 were the predominant subclasses. Infants <300 days old and pregnant mothers had the lowest cytophilic-to-noncytophilic IgG ratio. By 300 days of age, the infants had IgG subclass compositions and levels similar to those of their mothers at the same date. Among infants, older infants with only 1 or 2 detected asexual parasitemias had the highest cytophilic-to-noncytophilic IgG ratio and IgG1 levels. IgG1 level was negatively correlated with protection. The findings suggest that the MSP1(19KD) antibody response develops with age, not with multiple experiences with parasitemia, and, thus, that an antimalaria vaccine strategy for pregnant mothers could delay infants' first parasitemias until they are more capable of mounting a favorable anti-MSP1(19KD) response. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop F12,4770 Buford Hwy, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 IS 5 BP 1746 EP 1752 DI 10.1086/315424 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 319QV UT WOS:000087353700030 PM 10823777 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Sunn, LM Ong, F Mounts, AW Arif, MT Ksiazek, TG Kamaluddin, MA Mustafa, AN Kaur, H Ding, LM Othman, G Radzi, HM Kitsutani, PT Stockton, PC Arokiasamy, J Gary, HE Anderson, LJ AF Parashar, UD Sunn, LM Ong, F Mounts, AW Arif, MT Ksiazek, TG Kamaluddin, MA Mustafa, AN Kaur, H Ding, LM Othman, G Radzi, HM Kitsutani, PT Stockton, PC Arokiasamy, J Gary, HE Anderson, LJ CA Nipah Encephalitis Outbreak Invest TI Case-control study of risk factors for human infection with a new zoonotic paramyxovirus, Nipah virus, during a 1998-1999 outbreak of severe encephalitis in Malaysia SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY NOV, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID EQUINE MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION; FATAL ENCEPHALITIS; HORSES; TRANSMISSION AB An outbreak of encephalitis affecting 265 patients (105 fatally) occurred during 1998-1999 in Malaysia and was linked to a new paramyxovirus, Nipah, that infected pigs, humans, dogs, and cats. Most patients were pig farmers. Clinically undetected Nipah infection was noted in 10 (6%) of 166 community-farm controls (persons from farms without reported encephalitis patients) and 20 (11%) of 178 case-farm controls (persons from farms with encephalitis patients). Case patients (persons with Nipah infection) were more likely than community-farm controls to report increased numbers of sick/dying pigs on the farm (59% vs. 24%, P = .001) and were more likely than case-farm controls to perform activities requiring direct contact with pigs (86% vs. 50%, P = .005), Only 8% of case patients reported no contact with pigs, The outbreak stopped after pigs in the affected areas were slaughtered and buried. Direct, close contact with pigs was the primary source of human Nipah infection, but other sources, such as infected dogs and cats, cannot he excluded. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Inst Med Res, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia. Minist Hlth, Dis Control Div, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Inst Publ Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sarawak Hlth Dept, Sarawak, Malaysia. Negeri Sembilan State Hlth Dept, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 133 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 IS 5 BP 1755 EP 1759 DI 10.1086/315457 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 319QV UT WOS:000087353700032 PM 10823779 ER PT J AU Chew, MHL Arguin, PM Shay, DK Goh, KT Rollin, PE Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Rota, PA Ling, AE Ksiazek, TG Chew, SK Anderson, LJ AF Chew, MHL Arguin, PM Shay, DK Goh, KT Rollin, PE Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Rota, PA Ling, AE Ksiazek, TG Chew, SK Anderson, LJ TI Risk factors for Nipah virus infection among abattoir workers in Singapore SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hygiene ID MORBILLIVIRUS; HORSES; HUMANS AB During 10-19 March 1999, 11 workers in 1 of 2 Singaporean abattoirs developed Nipahvirus associated encephalitis or pneumonia, resulting in 1 fatality. A case-control study was conducted to determine occupational risk factors for infection. Case patients were abattoir A workers who had anti-Nipah IgM antibodies; control subjects were randomly selected abattoir A workers who tested negative for anti-Nipah IgM, All 13 case patients versus 26 (63%) of 41 control subjects reported contact with live pigs (P = .01). Swine importation from Malaysian states concurrently experiencing a Nipah virus outbreak was banned on 3 March 1999; on 19 March 1999, importation of Malaysian pigs was banned, and abattoirs were closed. No unusual illnesses among pigs processed during February-March were reported. Contact with live pigs appeared to be the most important risk factor for human Nipah virus infection. Direct contact with live, potentially infected pigs should be minimized to prevent transmission of this potentially fatal zoonosis to humans. C1 Minist Environm, Inst Environm Epidemiol, Singapore 228231, Singapore. Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Singapore 0316, Singapore. Minist Hlth, Epidemiol & Dis Control Dept, Singapore, Singapore. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goh, KT (reprint author), Minist Environm, Inst Environm Epidemiol, Environm Bldg,40 Scotts Rd,22-00, Singapore 228231, Singapore. OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 14 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 IS 5 BP 1760 EP 1763 DI 10.1086/315443 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 319QV UT WOS:000087353700033 PM 10823780 ER PT J AU Yang, CF Dash, BC Simon, F van der Groen, G Pieniazek, D Gao, F Hahn, BH Lal, RB AF Yang, CF Dash, BC Simon, F van der Groen, G Pieniazek, D Gao, F Hahn, BH Lal, RB TI Detection of diverse variants of human immunodeficiency virus-1 groups M, N, and O and simian immunodeficiency viruses from chimpanzees by using generic pol and env primer pairs SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TYPE-1; HIV-1 AB Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of humans is the result of independent cross-species transmissions of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVcpz) from naturally infected chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) to man. To develop a polymerase chain reaction-based assay capable of detecting members of all major phylogenetic SIVcpz and HIV-1 lineages (groups M, N, and O), primer pairs in conserved pol and em regions were designed. Both primer sets amplified less than or equal to 10 copies of selected group M reference clones (subtypes A-H), proviral DNA or RNA of group N (YBF30), and group O of HIV-1 and also amplified divergent SIVcpz from cultured isolates (SIVcpzGAB1 and SIVcpzANT), uncultured spleen tissue (SIVcpzUS), and plasma (SIVcpzANT and SIVcpzUS), Sequences of the 2 amplicons (445 bp for gp41 and 261 bp for integrase) are of sufficient length for phylogenetic analyses, allowing both group and subtype classifications of the human viruses. Finally, both primer pairs are highly sensitive (>99%) in amplifying viral sequences from plasma taken from patients infected with HIV-L group M (n = 226) and O (n = 17) viruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Int Rech Med Franceville, Franceville, Gabon. Hop Bichat, Virol Lab, F-75877 Paris, France. Inst Trop Med, Div Microbiol, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Alabama, Dept Med & Microbiol, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Lal, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop D-12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI85338, R01AI40951, R01AI44596] NR 15 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 IS 5 BP 1791 EP 1795 DI 10.1086/315439 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 319QV UT WOS:000087353700040 PM 10823786 ER PT J AU Ackers, ML Schoenfeld, S Markman, J Smith, MG Nicholson, MA DeWitt, W Cameron, DN Griffin, PM Slutsker, L AF Ackers, ML Schoenfeld, S Markman, J Smith, MG Nicholson, MA DeWitt, W Cameron, DN Griffin, PM Slutsker, L TI An outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica O : 8 infections associated with pasteurized milk SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID GASTROENTERITIS AB In October 1995, an outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 infections occurred in the Upper Valley of Vermont and New Hampshire. Ten patients were identified, median age 9 years (range, 6 months-44 years). Three patients were hospitalized; 1 underwent an appendectomy. Consumption of bottled pasteurized milk from a local dairy was associated with illness (matched odds ratio undefined; lower 95% confidence interval, 1,9), No deficiencies in pasteurization procedures or equipment were detected. Y. enterocolitica O:8 was isolated from 1 raw-milk sample and from a fecal sample from 1 dairy pig. The route of contamination was not determined; this outbreak likely resulted from postpasteurization contamination of milk. Dairy pigs were the most likely source of contamination, Milli bottles were likely contaminated by rinsing with untreated well water prior to filling or by other environmental routes. Educating dairy owners about Y. enterocolitica and postpasteurization contamination is necessary to prevent further outbreaks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vermont State Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT USA. New Hampshire State Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH USA. RP Slutsker, L (reprint author), CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, DBMD, NCID, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 IS 5 BP 1834 EP 1837 DI 10.1086/315436 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 319QV UT WOS:000087353700050 PM 10823796 ER PT J AU Ando, T Noel, JS Fankhauser, RL AF Ando, T Noel, JS Fankhauser, RL TI Genetic classification of "Norwalk-like viruses" SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Human Caliciviruses CY MAR 29-31, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US EPA, US FDA, Natl Inst Infect Dis Japan, Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, NIAID, Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Task Force Child Survival & Dev, USA Med Res & Mat Command, WHO, Merck Res Labs, SmithKline Beecham Biol, Wyeth Lederle Vaccines & Pediat, Natl Ctr Infect Dis ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SNOW MOUNTAIN AGENT; INFECTIOUS NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; HUMAN ENTERIC CALICIVIRIDAE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; CAPSID SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS AB Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction has been used worldwide for the diagnosis of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) infection, yet a commonly accepted genetic classification scheme has not been established. Amino acid sequences from four regions of open-reading frame 2 (ORF2) were used to analyze 101 NLV strains, including 2 bovine strains, On the basis of this analysis, a genetic classification scheme is proposed that differentiates 99 human strains into 2 major genetic groups consisting of 5 and 10 genetic clusters, respectively. The 2 bovine strains constitute a newly defined third major genetic group composed of 2 putative clusters represented by each strain. This classification scheme is well supported by the analysis of the entire ORF2 sequences from 38 strains selected to represent the genetic diversity of the human strains used above. This scheme should provide a firm scientific basis for the unified classification of NLV strains detected around the world. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Ando, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 89 TC 144 Z9 153 U1 1 U2 19 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 SU 2 BP S336 EP S348 DI 10.1086/315589 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 321DH UT WOS:000087439400016 PM 10804147 ER PT J AU Glass, RI Noel, J Ando, T Fankhauser, R Belliot, G Mounts, A Parashar, UD Bresee, JS Monroe, SS AF Glass, RI Noel, J Ando, T Fankhauser, R Belliot, G Mounts, A Parashar, UD Bresee, JS Monroe, SS TI The epidemiology of enteric caliciviruses from humans: A reassessment using new diagnostics SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Human Caliciviruses CY MAR 29-31, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US EPA, US FDA, Natl Inst Infect Dis Japan, Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, NIAID, Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Task Force Child Survival & Dev, USA Med Res & Mat Command, WHO, Merck Res Labs, SmithKline Beecham Biol, Wyeth Lederle Vaccines & Pediat, Natl Ctr Infect Dis ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; INFECTIOUS NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; UNITED-STATES; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; CANDIDATE CALICIVIRUSES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; NON-BACTERIAL AB In the United States, acute gastroenteritis is one of the most commonly noted illnesses on hospital discharge records and death certificates, yet few of these cases have an etiologic diagnosis. The application of new molecular diagnostic methods has shown caliciviruses (previously referred to as the Norwalk family of viruses or small round structured viruses) to be the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks in the United States, and they may emerge as a common cause of sporadic cases of AGE among both children and adults. Novel molecular methods have permitted outbreak strains to be traced back to their common source and have led to the first identification of virus in implicated vehicles of infection-water, shellfish, and foods contaminated both at their source and by food handlers. The broad application of these methods to routine diagnosis in hospitals and public health Laboratories is advancing our appreciation of the full burden of calicivirus-associated diarrhea, and it is opening new avenues for its prevention and control. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 69 TC 135 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 SU 2 BP S254 EP S261 DI 10.1086/315588 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 321DH UT WOS:000087439400003 PM 10804134 ER PT J AU Green, KY Ando, T Balayan, MS Berke, T Clarke, IN Estes, MK Matson, DO Nakata, S Neill, JD Studdert, MJ Thiel, HJ AF Green, KY Ando, T Balayan, MS Berke, T Clarke, IN Estes, MK Matson, DO Nakata, S Neill, JD Studdert, MJ Thiel, HJ TI Taxonomy of the caliciviruses SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Human Caliciviruses CY MAR 29-31, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US EPA, US FDA, Natl Inst Infect Dis Japan, Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, NIAID, Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Task Force Child Survival & Dev, USA Med Res & Mat Command, WHO, Merck Res Labs, SmithKline Beecham Biol, Wyeth Lederle Vaccines & Pediat, Natl Ctr Infect Dis ID RABBIT HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE; HUMAN ENTERIC CALICIVIRUSES; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; BROWN HARE SYNDROME; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUS; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ANIMAL CALICIVIRUSES; INFECTED-CELLS; SEQUENCE AB The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has recently approved several proposals submitted by the present Caliciviridae Study Group. These proposals include the division of the family into 4 new genera designated Lagovirus, Vesivirus, "Norwalk-like viruses" (NLVs), and "Sapporo-like viruses" (SLVs); the latter 2 genera were assigned temporary names until acceptable names can be determined by the scientific community. The genera have been further divided into the following species: Feline calicivirus and Vesicular exanthema of swine virus(genus Vesivirus), Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and European brown have syndrome virus (genus Lagovirus), Norwalk virus (genus NLV), and Sapporo virus (genus SLV). In addition, the ICTV approved a proposal to remove the hepatitis E virus from the Caliciviridae into an "unassigned" classification status. C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20832 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Poliomyelitis & Viral Encephalitis, Moscow 142782, Russia. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Univ Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Sapporo Med Univ, Sch Med, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Univ Giessen, Inst Virol, D-6300 Giessen, Germany. RP Green, KY (reprint author), NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike,Bldg 7,Room 137, Bethesda, MD 20832 USA. NR 57 TC 218 Z9 236 U1 2 U2 27 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 SU 2 BP S322 EP S330 DI 10.1086/315591 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 321DH UT WOS:000087439400014 PM 10804145 ER PT J AU Monroe, SS Ando, T Glass, RI AF Monroe, SS Ando, T Glass, RI TI Introduction: Human enteric caliciviruses - An emerging pathogen whose time has come SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; GASTROENTERITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OUTBREAK; SEQUENCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 SU 2 BP S249 EP S251 DI 10.1086/315594 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 321DH UT WOS:000087439400002 PM 10804132 ER PT J AU Mounts, AW Ando, T Koopmans, M Bresee, JS Noel, J Glass, RI AF Mounts, AW Ando, T Koopmans, M Bresee, JS Noel, J Glass, RI TI Cold weather seasonality of gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Human Caliciviruses CY MAR 29-31, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US EPA, US FDA, Natl Inst Infect Dis Japan, Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, NIAID, Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Task Force Child Survival & Dev, USA Med Res & Mat Command, WHO, Merck Res Labs, SmithKline Beecham Biol, Wyeth Lederle Vaccines & Pediat, Natl Ctr Infect Dis ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUS; UNITED-KINGDOM; OUTBREAKS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; STATES AB Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) are the most common cause of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in adults, but Little is known about their seasonality. The lack of specific diagnostic tools impeded study of these viruses in the past, and surveys using electron microscopy often grouped NLVs with other unrelated viruses. A search of the scientific literature found eight surveys of gastroenteritis, which were conducted for at least 1 year, that specifically identified NLVs. Unpublished data from laboratories of 4 NLV researchers were also used. These surveys, which were conducted in eight countries, reported sporadic cases and outbreaks of NLV-associated gastroenteritis among an age groups. The monthly occurrence of these cases and outbreaks was plotted, and while transmission occurred year-round in most surveys, a cold weather peak was demonstrated in 11 of the 12 studies. This key epidemiologic feature of the viruses has important implications concerning their mode of transmission and for understanding the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RIVM, Res Lab Infect Dis, Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 117 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 SU 2 BP S284 EP S287 DI 10.1086/315586 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 321DH UT WOS:000087439400008 PM 10804139 ER PT J AU Shieh, YSC Monroe, SS Fankhauser, RL Langlois, GW Burkhardt, W Baric, RS AF Shieh, YSC Monroe, SS Fankhauser, RL Langlois, GW Burkhardt, W Baric, RS TI Detection of Norwalk-like virus in shellfish implicated in illness SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Human Caliciviruses CY MAR 29-31, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US EPA, US FDA, Natl Inst Infect Dis Japan, Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, NIAID, Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Task Force Child Survival & Dev, USA Med Res & Mat Command, WHO, Merck Res Labs, SmithKline Beecham Biol, Wyeth Lederle Vaccines & Pediat, Natl Ctr Infect Dis ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR; HUMAN ENTERIC VIRUSES; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH; RAW OYSTERS; HYBRIDIZATION; CONSUMPTION AB In the 1990s, Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) were identified in patient specimens as the primary pathogen associated with shellfish-borne gastroenteritis in the United States. Identification of these viruses from implicated shellfish has been difficult due to inefficient recovery of viruses, natural polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors in shellfish, and low virus contamination. Recent improvements to the method of detecting NLVs in shellfish include enhanced processing of virus and shellfish samples, application of nested PCR and nucleotide sequencing, and increased knowledge of NLV genetic diversity. Using a newly developed and sensitive method, an NLV G2 strain was identified in 2 oyster samples implicated in a 1998 California outbreak involving 171 cases. NLV capsid primers demonstrated a greater specificity of PCR detection than did polymerase primers. The 175-base viral capsid nucleotide sequences derived from oysters were 100% identical to those derived from a patient stool sample. This finding supports the epidemiologic associations indicating that contaminated shellfish serve as the vehicle for NLV transmission. C1 US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Island, AL 36528 USA. Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Shieh, YSC (reprint author), US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, POB 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528 USA. NR 47 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 SU 2 BP S360 EP S366 DI 10.1086/315578 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 321DH UT WOS:000087439400018 PM 10804149 ER PT J AU Utrera, A Duno, G Ellis, BA Salas, RA de Manzione, N Fulhorst, CF Tesh, RB Mills, JN AF Utrera, A Duno, G Ellis, BA Salas, RA de Manzione, N Fulhorst, CF Tesh, RB Mills, JN TI Small mammals in agricultural areas of the western llanos of Venezuela: Community structure, habitat associations, and relative densities SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE community structure; habitat associations; llanos; Oligoryzomys fulvescens; Rattus rattus; Sigmodon alstoni; Venezuela; Zygodontomys brevicauda ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; CENTRAL ARGENTINA; RODENT RESERVOIR; SIGMODON-ALSTONI; VIRUS; HANTAVIRUS AB We used mark-recapture and removal trapping during 37 months to examine structure of small-mammal assemblages in agricultural and pastoral areas on the western llanos of Venezuela. Among 34 sites sampled, species richness, diversity, population densities, and relative contribution to the assemblage by 10 rodent and 3 marsupial species varied by habitat or land-use category, major vegetative formation, and (within agricultural systems) crop species. Most habitat types, especially relatively uniform areas of mechanized agriculture, were numerically dominated by 2 rodents, Sigmodon alstoni and Zygodontompys brevicauda. Subsistence agriculture plots were more variable and had the highest species richness and diversity. Peridomestic habitats were dominated by Rattus rattus. In contrast to findings in agroecosystems in the United States and Argentina, relative densities were not lower in crop fields than in adjacent borders nor were there differences in the structure of the rodent assemblages. Captures of Heteromys anomalus, Oecomys speciosus, and Oecomys trinitatus document range extensions for these species on the western llanos. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Nacl Expt Llanos, Portuguesa, Venezuela. Inst Nacl Higiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Venezuela. Direcc Reg Salud Estado Portuguesa, Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Mills, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jum0@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 19 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 81 IS 2 BP 536 EP 548 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0536:SMIAAO>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 316ET UT WOS:000087155200019 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Ceron, L Rodriguez, MH Santillan, FV Hernandez, JE Wirtz, RA AF Gonzalez-Ceron, L Rodriguez, MH Santillan, FV Hernandez, JE Wirtz, RA TI Susceptibility of three laboratory strains of Anopheles albimanus (Diptera : Culicidae) to coindigenous Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein phenotypes in southern Mexico SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles albimanus; Plasmodium vivax; phenotypes; susceptibility ID TRANSMISSION-BLOCKING IMMUNITY; FALCIPARUM; PSEUDOPUNCTIPENNIS; POPULATION; INFECTIONS; MOSQUITOS; VARIANTS; EPITOPE; VK247 AB The susceptibility to two coindigenous Plasmodium vivax Grassi & Feletti phenotypes VK210 and VK247 of three colonized Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann strains (white-striped, green and brown) from southern Mexico was investigated. Mosquitoes of the three strains were simultaneously fed with P. vivax-infected patient blood and examined 1 wk later for the presence of oocysts. The circumsporozoite protein phenotype type (VK210 and VK247) was determined by immunoflorescence of salivary gland sporozoites using monoclonal antibodies. The proportions of specimens infected and the number of oocyst per mosquito indicated that all mosquito strains were more susceptible to the phenotype VK210 than to VK247, but the white-striped strain was more susceptible to both parasite phenotypes than the other two strains. C1 Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Paludismo, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Dept Informat, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Gonzalez-Ceron, L (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Paludismo, POB 537, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 331 EP 334 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2000)037[0331:SOTLSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RE UT WOS:000089625200006 PM 15535573 ER PT J AU Engelthaler, DM Gage, KL AF Engelthaler, DM Gage, KL TI Quantities of Yersinia pestis in fleas (Siphonaptera : Pulicidae, Ceratophyllidae, and Hystrichopsyllidae) collected from areas of known or suspected plague activity SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yersinia pestis; fleas; quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GENE AB We used a quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (QC-PCR) to determine bacterial loads in 669 fleas collected in areas of confirmed and suspected plague epizootics. Fleas were collected out of rodent borrows (67.9%) and off of captured animals (24.1%) and rodent carcasses (8.1%). An initial PCR screening assay indicated that 12.1% (81/669) of all fleas were positive for. Yersinia pestis Fleas collected from burrows had significantly lower (chi(2) = 264.9, P < 0.0001) infection rates (6.8%) but significantly higher (Student t-test, P < 0.0001) bacterial loads (mean = 10(5.6) Y. pestis per flea) than fleas collected off of rodent carcasses (infection I ate = 92.6%; mean bacterial load = 10(4.8) Y. pestis per nea). None of the fleas collected off of captured animals were positive for Y. pestis by PCR although seven of the 176 captured animals were serologically positive for Y. pestis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Engelthaler, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 422 EP 426 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2000)037[0422:QOYPIF]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RE UT WOS:000089625200020 PM 15535587 ER PT J AU Soriano, V Gomes, P Heneine, W Holguin, A Doruana, M Antunes, R Mansinho, K Switzer, WM Araujo, C Shanmugam, V Lourenco, H Gonzalez-Lahoz, J Antunes, F AF Soriano, V Gomes, P Heneine, W Holguin, A Doruana, M Antunes, R Mansinho, K Switzer, WM Araujo, C Shanmugam, V Lourenco, H Gonzalez-Lahoz, J Antunes, F TI Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) in Portugal: Clinical spectrum, circulating subtypes, virus isolation, and plasma viral load SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-2; subtypes; viraemia; epidemiology; Portugal ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SPREAD; AIDS; TRANSMISSION; STRAINS; AFRICA; ANGOLA AB The human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is responsible for 4.5% of AIDS cases in Portugal. Six HIV-2 subtypes have been described so far, subtype A being proposed as more pathogenic than the rest. The relationship between the clinical status and levels of both cellular and plasma HIV-2 viraemia is not well known, nor their modifications under antiretroviral therapy. Thirty-two consecutive HIV-2 infected persons (17 men, 25 women) attending two different hospitals in Lisbon in 1997 were enrolled prospectively in the study. All but 4 individuals most likely acquired the infection through heterosexual contact. More than half of the study population was of African origin, mainly from Guinea-Bissau. Eleven (34.4%) patients had developed clinical manifestations included within the B or C groups of the CDC classification system for HIV infection, with the rest being asymptomatic. Half of the population was undergoing antiretroviral treatment at the time of the study. HIV-2 subtypes were investigated using a new Nef-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method that allows differentiation of the main two variants, A and B. Plasma viral load was quantified using a new quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QcRT-PCR) procedure as well as the Amp-RT assay. Virus isolation was attempted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. All but one person carried HIV-2 subtype A. Plasma viraemia examined by QcRT-PCR was measurable in 15 (50%) of 30 subjects, yielding in all instances values below 20,000 HIV-2 RNA copies per mi. Plasma RT activity could be detected in only 10 (33%) of 30 subjects, a rate much lower than that seen in HIV-I infection. Virus was isolated from 16 (53.3%) of 30 patients. A significant correlation was found between CD4+ counts, clinical status, rate of virus isolation, and plasma viral load by both QcRT-PCR and Amp-RT. In conclusion, HIV-2 subtype A is the predominant variant circulating in Portugal among both natives and immigrants. A lower cellular and plasma viral load with respect to HIV-I was seen in persons without immunosuppression, from whom the rate of virus recovery was extremely low. J. Med. Virol. 61:111-176, 2000. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Inst Salud Carlos III, Infect Dis Serv, Madrid, Spain. Univ Lisbon, Fac Pharm, Virol Lab, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. CDC, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hosp Santa Maria, Infect Dis Serv, Lisbon, Portugal. Hosp Egas Moniz, Infect Dis Serv, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Soriano, V (reprint author), C Rafael Calvo 7,2A, Madrid 28010, Spain. RI Gomes, Perpetua/I-5652-2012; OI Gomes, Perpetua/0000-0003-3271-8255; Cavaco Silva, Perpetua/0000-0001-8429-1316; Antunes, Francisco/0000-0001-7932-1154 NR 42 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 61 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(200005)61:1<111::AID-JMV18>3.0.CO;2-W PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 299PK UT WOS:000086206900018 PM 10745242 ER PT J AU Nisenbaum, R Barrett, DH Reyes, M Reeves, WC AF Nisenbaum, R Barrett, DH Reyes, M Reeves, WC TI Deployment stressors and a chronic multisymptom illness among Gulf War veterans SO JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE LA English DT Article ID US VETERANS; DISORDER; SYMPTOMS; EXPOSURE; HEALTH AB Unusual health problems have been reported by Gulf War (GW) veterans, but no single etiology has been linked to these illnesses. This study was conducted to determine the association between self-reported GW deployment stressors and an illness defined by a combination of fatigue, mood-cognition, and musculoskeletal symptoms. A total of 1002 GW veterans from this cross-sectional survey of fc,ur Air Force units completed a self-administered questionnaire that asked about symptoms, demographic and military characteristics, and stressors during deployment. Severe and mild-moderate illness was positively associated with self-reports of pyridostigmine bromide use, insect repellent use and belief in a threat from biological or chemical weapons. Injuries requiring medical attention were only associated with severe illness. 'These results suggest a link between self-reported chemical, emotional, and physical exposures, and GW veterans' illness. Further research is needed to determine physiological and psychological mechanisms through which such stressors could have contributed to this symptom complex. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nisenbaum, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A015, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-3018 J9 J NERV MENT DIS JI J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 188 IS 5 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1097/00005053-200005000-00002 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 313YZ UT WOS:000087028500002 PM 10830562 ER PT J AU Gelman, BB Chaljub, G Nader, R Borkowski, J Popov, V Visvesvara, G Rauf, S Nauta, H AF Gelman, BB Chaljub, G Nader, R Borkowski, J Popov, V Visvesvara, G Rauf, S Nauta, H TI A new genus of free living ameba producing human encephalitis: Sappinia diploidae. SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 59 IS 5 MA 31 BP 427 EP 427 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 311EE UT WOS:000086871100041 ER PT J AU Briefel, RR Bialostosky, K Kennedy-Stephenson, J McDowell, MA Ervin, RB Wright, JD AF Briefel, RR Bialostosky, K Kennedy-Stephenson, J McDowell, MA Ervin, RB Wright, JD TI Zinc intake of the US population: Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Zinc and Health - Current Status and Future Directions CY NOV 04-05, 1998 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP NIH, Amer Dietet Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Nutrit, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, FDA, US Dept Defense, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutrit DE zinc intake; diet supplements; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); recommended dietary allowance (RDA) AB National survey data for 29,103 examinees in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to estimate mean and percentile distributions of dietary and total zinc intakes based on 24-h dietary recalls and vitamin/supplement use. Mean daily total intakes ranged from 5.5 mg in non-breast-feeding infants to 13 mg in adults and were higher in adolescent and adult males than in females (P < 0.01). Mean total zinc intakes (22 mg) were similar to 10 mg higher in pregnant and lactating females than in nonpregnant, nonlactating females of the same age. Mean total zinc intakes were 0.7 mg higher in adolescents (11.1 mg) and 2.5-3.5 mg higher in adults (13 mg) compared with mean dietary intakes, indicating the average contribution of supplements to total zinc intake, Mean total zinc intakes were significantly higher in non-Hispanic whites than in non-Hispanic blacks (P < 0.01) and Mexican Americans (P < 0.01) for men and women aged 51-70 y and greater than or equal to 71 y due to higher zinc supplement use, The prevalence of zinc-containing supplements use ranged from 0.1% in infants to 20.5% in adults. "Adequate" zinc intake in this survey population was 55.6% based on total intakes of >77% of the 1989 recommended dietary allowance. Young children aged 1-3 y, adolescent females aged 12-19 y and persons aged greater than or equal to 71 y were at the greatest risk of inadequate zinc intakes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. TRW Co Inc, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. RP Briefel, RR (reprint author), Math Policy Res Inc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 32 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 130 IS 5 SU S BP 1367S EP 1373S PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 311ZP UT WOS:000086917400006 PM 10801945 ER PT J AU Pless, R Risher, JF AF Pless, R Risher, JF TI Mercury infant neurodevelopment, and vaccination SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Vaccine Safety & Dev Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pless, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Vaccine Safety & Dev Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 136 IS 5 BP 571 EP 573 DI 10.1067/mpd.2000.106797 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 313DW UT WOS:000086985900003 PM 10802484 ER PT J AU Steuerwald, U Weihe, P Jorgensen, PJ Bjerve, K Brock, J Heinzow, B Budtz-Jorgensen, E Grandjean, P AF Steuerwald, U Weihe, P Jorgensen, PJ Bjerve, K Brock, J Heinzow, B Budtz-Jorgensen, E Grandjean, P TI Maternal seafood diet, methylmercury exposure, and neonatal neurologic function SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; HUMAN-MILK; FATTY-ACIDS; SELENIUM; MERCURY; CHILDREN; PESTICIDES; DIOXINS; PLASMA; HEALTH AB Objective: To determine whether neonatal neurologic function is adversely affected by seafood contaminants from maternal diet during pregnancy. Study design: One hundred eighty-two singleton term births were evaluated in the Faeroe Islands, where marine food includes pilot whale. Maternal serum, hair, and milk and umbilical cord blood were analyzed for contaminants. Levels of essential fatty acids, selenium, and thyroid hormones were determined in cord blood. Each infant's neurologic optimality score was determined at 2 weeks of age adjusted for gestational age, and predictors were assessed by regression analysis. Results: Exposures to methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls were increased in relation to maternal seafood intake, as were omega 3 fatty acid concentrations in cord serum. Thyroid function was normal. After adjustment for confounders, a 10-fold increase of the cord-blood mercury concentration was associated with a decreased neurologic opt;mal;ty score of 2.0 (P = .03). This effect corresponds to a decrease in gestational age of about 3 weeks. Other indicators of the seafood diet had no effect on this outcome. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to methylmercury from contaminated seafood was associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental deficit. Thus in this North Atlantic population, methylmercury constituted an important neurologic risk factor, although effects of other seafood components were not detectable. C1 Odense Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark. Odense Univ, Inst Clin Res, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark. Univ Trondheim, Dept Clin Chem, Trondheim, Norway. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. State Agcy Nat & Environm, Schleswig Holstein, Flintbek, Germany. Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Dept Biostat, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Grandjean, P (reprint author), Odense Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Winslowparken 17, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES06894] NR 30 TC 230 Z9 241 U1 4 U2 30 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 136 IS 5 BP 599 EP 605 DI 10.1067/mpd.2000.102774 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 313DW UT WOS:000086985900009 PM 10802490 ER PT J AU Fagot-Campagna, A Pettitt, DJ Engelgau, MM Burrows, NR Geiss, LS Valdez, R Beckles, GLA Saaddine, J Gregg, EW Williamson, DF Narayan, KMV AF Fagot-Campagna, A Pettitt, DJ Engelgau, MM Burrows, NR Geiss, LS Valdez, R Beckles, GLA Saaddine, J Gregg, EW Williamson, DF Narayan, KMV TI Type 2 diabetes among North American children and adolescents: An epidemiologic review and a public health perspective SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN-AMERICAN; NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO; INDIAN CHILDREN; MELLITUS; PREVALENCE; MANITOBA; YOUTH AB Objectives: To review the magnitude, characteristics, and public health importance of type 2 diabetes in North American youth. Results: Among 15- to 19-year-old North American Indians, prevalence of type 2 diabetes per 1000 was 50.9 for Pima Indians, 4.5 for all US American Indians, and 2.3 for Canadian Cree and Ojibway Indians in Manitoba. From 1967-1976 to 1987-1996, prevalence increased 6-fold for Pima Indian adolescents. Among African Americans and whites aged 10 to 19 years in Ohio, type 2 diabetes accounted for 33% of all cases of diabetes. Youth with type 2 diabetes were generally 10 to 19 years old, were obese and had a family history of type 2 diabetes, had acanthosis nigricans, belonged to minority populations, and were more likely to be girls than boys. At follow-up, glucose control was often poor, and diabetic complications could occur early. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes is an important problem among American Indian and First Nation youth. Other populations have not been well studied, but cases are now occurring in all population groups, especially in ethnic minorities. Type 2 diabetes among youth is an emerging public health problem, for which there is a great potential to improve primary and secondary prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Sansum Med Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Headquarters Diabet Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Fagot-Campagna, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 35 TC 657 Z9 685 U1 4 U2 28 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 136 IS 5 BP 664 EP 672 DI 10.1067/mpd.2000.105141 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 313DW UT WOS:000086985900020 PM 10802501 ER PT J AU Tomar, SL Asma, S AF Tomar, SL Asma, S TI Smoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States: Findings from NHANES III SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; periodontal diseases/epidemiology; periodontitis/epidemiology; smoking/adverse effects; risk assessment; tobacco/adverse effects ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; RISK INDICATORS; ATTACHMENT LOSS; OLDER ADULTS; TOBACCO-USE; DISEASE; HEALTH; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; ASSOCIATION AB Background: The principal objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and periodontitis and to estimate the proportion of periodontitis in the United States adult population that is attributable to cigarette smoking. Methods: Data were derived from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative multipurpose health survey conducted in 1988 to 1994. Participants were interviewed about tobacco use and examined by dentists trained to use standardized clinical criteria. Analysis was limited to dentate persons aged greater than or equal to 18 years with complete clinical periodontal data and information on tobacco use and important covariates (n = 12,329). Data were weighted to provide U.S. national estimates, and analyses accounted for the complex sample design. We defined periodontitis as the presence of greater than or equal to1 site with clinical periodontal attachment level greater than or equal to4 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junction and probing depth greater than or equal to4 mm. Current cigarette smokers were those who had smoked greater than or equal to 100 cigarettes over their lifetime and smoked at the time of the interview; former smokers had smoked greater than or equal to 100 cigarettes but did not currently smoke; and never smokers had not smoked greater than or equal to 100 cigarettes in their lifetime. Results: We found that 27.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: +/-1.8%) of dentate adults were current smokers and 23.3% (95% CI: +/-1.2%) were former smokers. Overall, 9.2% (95% CI: +/-1.4%) of dentate adults met our case definition for periodontitis, which projects to about 15 million cases of periodontitis among U.S. adults. Modeling with multiple logistic regression revealed that current smokers were about 4 times as likely as persons who had never smoked to have periodontitis (prevalence odds ratio [ORp] = 3.97; 95% CI, 3.20-4.93), after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and income:poverty ratio. Former smokers were more likely than persons who had never smoked to have periodontitis (ORp = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.31-2.17). Among current smokers, there was a dose-response relationship between cigarettes smoked per day and the odds of periodontitis (P <0.000001), ranging from ORp = 2.79 (95% CI, 1.90-4.10) for 9 cigarettes per day to ORp = 5.88 (95% CI, 4.03-8.58) for greater than or equal to 31 cigarettes per day. Among former smokers, the odds of periodontitis declined with the number of years since quitting, from ORp = 3.22 (95% CI, 2.18-4.76) for 0 to 2 years to ORp = 1.15 (95% CI, 0.83-1.60) for greater than or equal to 11 years. Applying standard epidemiologic formulas for the attributable fraction for the population, we calculated that 41.9% of periodontitis cases (6.4 million cases) in the U.S. adult population were attributable to current cigarette smoking and 10.9% (1.7 million cases) to former smoking. Among current smokers, 74.8% of their periodontitis was attributable to smoking. Conclusions: Based on findings from this study and numerous other reports, we conclude that smoking is a major risk factor for periodontitis and may be responsible for more than half of periodontitis cases among adults in the United States. A large proportion of adult periodontitis may be preventable through prevention and cessation of cigarette smoking. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Tomar, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI de la Flor, Maria/B-9212-2015 NR 61 TC 390 Z9 410 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 71 IS 5 BP 743 EP 751 DI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.5.743 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 411GF UT WOS:000167489300009 PM 10872955 ER PT J AU Beltran-Aguilar, ED Goldstein, JW Lockwood, SA AF Beltran-Aguilar, ED Goldstein, JW Lockwood, SA TI Fluoride varnishes - A review of their clinical use, cariostatic mechanism, efficacy and safety SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DEMINERALIZED ENAMEL INVIVO; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CARIES INCIDENCE; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; TOPICAL APPLICATION; COMPARING SEALANT; SODIUM-FLUORIDE; DENTAL-CARIES; IN-VITRO; DURAPHAT AB Background. This is a review of the clinical use, cariostatic mechanism, efficacy, safety and toxicity of fluoride varnishes. Types of Studies Reviewed. The authors reviewed and summarized in vitro, in vivo and in situ studies; clinical trials; demonstration programs; position papers; and editorials published in English in the biomedical literature since 1966. Results. Extensive laboratory research and clinical trials conducted in Europe and elsewhere show that fluoride varnishes are as efficacious as other caries-preventive agents. Fluoride varnishes are widely used in European caries-preventive programs. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has cleared these products only as medical devices to be used as cavity liners and for the treatment of hypersensitive teeth. These products have not yet been cleared for marketing in the United States as caries-preventive agents. Clinical Implications. Three fluoride varnishes are currently available in the United States. Semiannual applications are the most proven treatment regimen. Varnishes are safe and easy to apply and set in contact with intraoral moisture. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Invest & Res Branch, Div Oral Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Beltran-Aguilar, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Invest & Res Branch, Div Oral Hlth, MS F-10,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 91 TC 68 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 131 IS 5 BP 589 EP 596 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 313YW UT WOS:000087028200015 PM 10832252 ER PT J AU Henricson, B Segarra, M Garvin, J Burns, J Jenkins, S Kim, C Popovic, T Golaz, A Akey, B AF Henricson, B Segarra, M Garvin, J Burns, J Jenkins, S Kim, C Popovic, T Golaz, A Akey, B TI Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae associated with an equine wound infection SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article C1 Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Warrenton Reg Anim Hlth Lab, Warrenton, VA 20186 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Rappahannock Rapidan Hlth Dist, Culpeper, VA 22701 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Richmond, VA 23218 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Child Vaccine & Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA USA. Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Off Lab Serv, Richmond, VA 23218 USA. RP Henricson, B (reprint author), Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Warrenton Reg Anim Hlth Lab, 272 Acad Hill Rd, Warrenton, VA 20186 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 253 EP 257 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 312MP UT WOS:000086947300009 PM 10826839 ER PT J AU Manchester, M Eto, DS Valsamakis, A Liton, PB Fernandez-Munoz, R Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Forthal, DN Oldstone, MBA AF Manchester, M Eto, DS Valsamakis, A Liton, PB Fernandez-Munoz, R Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Forthal, DN Oldstone, MBA TI Clinical isolates of measles virus use CD46 as a cellular receptor? SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE COFACTOR PROTEIN; WILD-TYPE; COMPLEMENT-SYSTEM; DOWN-REGULATION; HEMAGGLUTININ; BINDING; CELLS; GLYCOPROTEINS; STRAINS; VACCINE AB Laboratory strains of measles viruses (MV), such as Edmonston and Halle, use the complement regulatory protein CD46 as a cell surface receptor. The receptor usage of clinical isolates of MV, however, remains unclear. Receptor usage by primary patient isolates of MV was compared to isolates that had been passaged on a variety of tissue culture cell lines. All of the isolates could infect cells in a CD46-dependent manner, but their tropism was restricted according to cell type (e.g., lymphocytes versus fibroblasts). The results indicate that patient isolates that have not been adapted to tissue culture cell lines use CD46 as a receptor. In addition, passaging primary MV patient isolates in B95-8 cells selected variants that had alternate receptor usage compared to the original isolate, Thus, changes in receptor usage by MV are dependent upon the cell type used for isolation. Furthermore, our results confirm the relevance of the CD46 receptor to natural measles infection. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Neuropharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Hosp Ramon y Cajal, Mol Virol Lab, Inst Nacl Salud, E-28034 Madrid, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Coll Med, Orange, CA 92868 USA. RP Manchester, M (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Neuropharmacol, IMM6,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. OI Manchester, Marianne/0000-0002-7143-5744; Liton, Paloma/0000-0002-1440-3762 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI036222, AI39466, AI36222, AI41514] NR 59 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 74 IS 9 BP 3967 EP 3974 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.9.3967-3974.2000 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 302KV UT WOS:000086365000005 PM 10756008 ER PT J AU Walsh, C Anderson, LA Irwin, K AF Walsh, C Anderson, LA Irwin, K TI The silent epidemic of Chlamydia trachomatis: The urgent need for detection and treatment in women SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; INFECTION; PERFORMANCE; PREVENTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Walsh, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 9 IS 4 BP 339 EP 343 DI 10.1089/15246090050020637 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 323QT UT WOS:000087577000002 PM 10868604 ER PT J AU Burke, W Beeker, C Kraft, JM Pinsky, L AF Burke, W Beeker, C Kraft, JM Pinsky, L TI Engaging women's interest in colorectal cancer screening: A public health strategy SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID FECAL OCCULT-BLOOD; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; CONTROLLED TRIAL; DECISION-MAKING; BLACK-WOMEN; PARTICIPATION; GENDER; MORTALITY; PROGRAMS; RISK AB Screening rates for colorectal cancer are unacceptably low. New guidelines, public education campaigns, and expanded coverage of screening costs by healthcare insurance are expected to increase screening rates, but interventions targeting women may accelerate this change. Most American women already participate in regular cancer screening, in the form of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests and mammography, so they may be receptive to tailored messages about the need to add regular colorectal cancer screening to their preventive health regimen. In addition, their role in promoting the health of family members may position women to influence screening behavior in family and friends. Women may be particularly valuable change agents in populations where screening rates are traditionally low, such as medically underserved populations, the elderly or low socioeconomic status groups with competing health priorities, and populations with cultural values or practices inconsistent with the adoption of a new screening behavior. To serve as agents of change in their family and social networks, women must understand that colorectal cancer is not solely a man's disease and that the benefits of colorectal screening are similar to those of Pap testing and mammography. Colorectal cancer screening should also be promoted within a framework of a lifelong strategy for health maintenance for both men and women. The message to women should emphasize the value of colorectal cancer screening rather than the disagreement among experts over preferred screening strategies and should emphasize the value of shared decision making between the patient and her healthcare provider. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med Educ, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Burke, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med, Box 357720,1705 NE Pacific,Room K253, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU PHS HHS [99IPA6430] NR 69 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 9 IS 4 BP 363 EP 371 DI 10.1089/15246090050020673 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 323QT UT WOS:000087577000006 PM 10868608 ER PT J AU Beall, B Gherardi, G Lovgren, M Facklam, RR Forwick, BA Tyrrell, GJ AF Beall, B Gherardi, G Lovgren, M Facklam, RR Forwick, BA Tyrrell, GJ TI emm and sof gene sequence variation in relation to serological typing of opacity-factor-positive group A streptococci SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE emm gene sequences; sof variable gene sequences; Streptococcus pyogenes; opacity factor ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; M-PROTEIN GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BINDING PROTEIN; PYOGENES; IDENTIFICATION; PATTERNS; VACCINE; SERUM; RECOMBINANT AB Approximately 40-60% of group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates are capable of opacifying sera, due to the expression of the sof (serum opacity factor) gene. The emm (M protein gene) and sof 5' sequences were obtained from a diverse set of GAS reference strains and clinical isolates, and correlated with M serotyping and anti-opacity-factor testing results. Attempts to amplify sof from strains with M serotypes or emm types historically associated with the opacity-factor-negative phenotype were negative, except for emm12 strains, which were found to contain a highly conserved sof sequence. There was a strong correlation of certain M serotypes with specific emm sequences regardless of strain background, and likewise a strong association of specific anti-opacity-factor (AOF) types to sof gene sequence types. In several examples, M type identity, or partial identity shared between strains with differing emm types, was correlated with short, highly conserved 5' emm sequences likely to encode M-type-specific epitopes. Additionally, each of three pairs of historically distinct M type reference strains found to share the same 5' emm sequence, were also found to share M serotype specificity. Based upon sof sequence comparisons between strains of the same and of differing AOF types, an approximately 450 residue domain was determined likely to contain key epitopes required for AOF type specificity. Analysis of two Sof sequences that were not highly homologous, yet shared a common AOF type, further implicated a 107 aa portion of this 450-residue domain in putatively containing AOF-specific epitopes. Taken together, the serological data suggest that AOF-specific epitopes for all Sof proteins may reside within a region corresponding to this 107-residue sequence. The presence of specific, hypervariable emm/sof pairs within multiple isolates appears likely to be a reliable indicator of their overall genetic relatedness, and to be very useful for accurate subtyping of GAS isolates by an approach that has relevance to decades of past M-type-based epidemiological data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Streptococcus, Prov Lab Publ Hlth No Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J2, Canada. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiology-(UK) PD MAY PY 2000 VL 146 BP 1195 EP 1209 PN 5 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 314BZ UT WOS:000087035400022 PM 10832648 ER PT J AU Diekman, ST Floyd, RL Decoufle, P Schulkin, J Ebrahim, SH Sokol, RJ AF Diekman, ST Floyd, RL Decoufle, P Schulkin, J Ebrahim, SH Sokol, RJ TI A survey of obstetrician-gynecologists on their patients' alcohol use during pregnancy SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-DRINKING; CONSUMPTION; INSTRUMENT AB Objective: To examine knowledge, attitudes, current clinical practices, and educational needs of obstetrician-gynecologists regarding patients' alcohol use during pregnancy. Methods: A 20-item, self-administered questionnaire on patients' prenatal alcohol use was sent to 1000 active ACOG fellows. Responses were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. Results: Of the 60% of the obstetrician-gynecologists who responded to the survey, 97% reported asking their pregnant patients about alcohol use. When a patient reports alcohol use, most respondents reported that they always discuss adverse effects and always advise abstinence. One fifth of the respondents (20%) reported abstinence to be the safest way to avoid all four of the adverse pregnancy outcomes cited (ie, spontaneous abortion, central nervous system impairment, birth defects, and fetal alcohol syndrome); 13% were unsure about levels associated with all of the adverse outcomes; and 4% reported that consumption of eight or more drinks per week did not pose a risk for any of the four adverse outcomes. The two resources that respondents said they needed most to improve alcohol-use assessment were information on thresholds for adverse reproductive outcomes (83%) and referral resources for patients with alcohol problems (63%). Conclusion: Efforts should be made to provide practicing obstetrician-gynecologists with updates on the adverse effects of alcohol use by pregnant women and with effective methods for screening and counseling women who report alcohol use during pregnancy. (C) 2000 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Dept Res, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Floyd, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 95 IS 5 BP 756 EP 763 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00616-X PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 307HW UT WOS:000086648700024 PM 10775743 ER PT J AU Morgan, UM Xiao, L Monis, P Sulaiman, I Pavlasek, I Blagburn, B Olson, M Upton, SJ Khramtsov, NV Lal, A Elliot, A Thompson, RCA AF Morgan, UM Xiao, L Monis, P Sulaiman, I Pavlasek, I Blagburn, B Olson, M Upton, SJ Khramtsov, NV Lal, A Elliot, A Thompson, RCA TI Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium muris from various hosts SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium muris; Cryptosporidium serpentis; 18S rDNA; ITS1; heat-shock gene; phylogenetic analysis ID DAIRY-CATTLE; PARVUM; SEQUENCE; STOMACH; OOCYSTS; MAMMALS; INFECTIVITY; PREVALENCE; PARASITES; REPTILES AB Isolates of Cryptosporidium muris and C. serpentis were characterized from different hosts using nucleotide sequence analysis of the rDNA 18S and ITS1 regions, and the heat-shock (HSP-70) gene. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed preliminary evidence that C. muris is not a uniform species. Two distinct genotypes were identified within C. muris; (1) C. muris genotype A; comprising bovine and camel isolates of C. muris from different geographical locations, and (2) C. muris genotype B comprising C. muris isolates from mice, a hamster, a rock hyrax and a camel from the same enclosure. These 2 genotypes may represent separate species but further biological and molecular studies are required for confirmation. C1 Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Australian Water Qual Ctr, Microbiol Unit, Bolivar, SA 5110, Australia. State Vet Inst Prague, Pathol & Parasitol Dept, Prague 16503 6, Czech Republic. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Morgan, UM (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RI Monis, Paul/B-8539-2011; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Monis, Paul/0000-0002-9052-4742; Olson, Merle/0000-0003-3654-7692 NR 30 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD MAY PY 2000 VL 120 BP 457 EP 464 DI 10.1017/S0031182099005703 PN 5 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 322UZ UT WOS:000087528500003 PM 10840975 ER PT J AU Rowe, AK Deming, MS Schwartz, B Wasas, A Rolka, D Rolka, H Ndoyo, J Klugman, KP AF Rowe, AK Deming, MS Schwartz, B Wasas, A Rolka, D Rolka, H Ndoyo, J Klugman, KP TI Antimicrobial resistance of nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from children in the Central African Republic SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; Haemophilus influenzae; pneumonia; acute respiratory tract infection; antimicrobial resistance; Central African Republic; developing countries; equivalence testing; epidemiologic methods ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN; INVASIVE DISEASE; OTITIS-MEDIA; RISK-FACTORS; PENICILLIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PNEUMOCOCCI; SEROTYPES; POPULATION AB Background. To assist the Central African Republic (CAR) develop national guidelines for treating children with pneumonia, a survey was conducted to determine antimicrobial resistance rates of nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) and Haemophilus influenzae (KI), Secondary purposes of the survey were to identify risk factors associated with carriage of a resistant isolate and to compare the survey methods of including only children with pneumonia vs. including all ill children. Methods. A cross-sectional survey of 371 ill children was conducted at 2 outpatient clinics in Bangui, : CAH, Results. In all 272 SP isolates and 73 HI isolates were cultured. SP resistance rates to penicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), tetracycline and chloramphenicol were 8.8, 6.3, 42.3 and 9.2%, respectively. All penicillin-resistant SP isolates were intermediately resistant. HI resistance rates to ampicillin, TMP-SMX and chloramphenicol were 1.4, 12.3 and 0%, respectively. The most common SP serotypes/groups were 19, 14, 6 and 1; 49% of HI isolates were type b. History of antimicrobial use in the previous 7 days was the only factor associated with carriage of a resistant isolate. Resistance rates were similar among ill children regardless of whether they had pneumonia. Conclusions. Resistance rates were low for antimicrobials recommended by the World Health Organization for children with pneumonia, We recommended TMP-SMX as the first line treatment for pneumonia in CAR because of its low cost, ease of dosing and activity against malaria. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Child Survival & Emerging Infect Program Supp, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Stat Anal Branch, Data Management div, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Stat Branch, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Pneumococcal Dis Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. S African Inst Med Res, Johannesburg, South Africa. Minist Publ Hlth & Populat, Directorate Prevent Med, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 54 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 19 IS 5 BP 438 EP 444 DI 10.1097/00006454-200005000-00009 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 313AL UT WOS:000086976100008 PM 10819340 ER PT J AU Miron, D El, AL Zuker, M Lumelsky, D Murph, M Floyd, MM Brown, JM AF Miron, D El, AL Zuker, M Lumelsky, D Murph, M Floyd, MM Brown, JM TI Mycobacterium fortuitum osteomyelitis of the cuboid after nail puncture wound SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium fortuitum; osteomyelitis; ribotyping ID RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; CHILDREN; DISEASE C1 Rivka Ziv Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, Microbiol Lab, Div Infect Dis, Zafed, Israel. HaEmek Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Afula, Israel. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,PHS,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,PHS,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Miron, D (reprint author), Rivka Ziv Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, Microbiol Lab, Div Infect Dis, Zafed, Israel. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 19 IS 5 BP 483 EP 485 DI 10.1097/00006454-200005000-00023 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 313AL UT WOS:000086976100022 PM 10819354 ER PT J AU Levine, OS Van Beneden, CA Schwartz, B AF Levine, OS Van Beneden, CA Schwartz, B TI Risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease in children: A population-based case-control study in North America - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Levine, OS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2000 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1172 EP 1173 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 311TW UT WOS:000086902600044 ER PT J AU Wang, SS Fernhoff, PM Khoury, MJ AF Wang, SS Fernhoff, PM Khoury, MJ TI Is the G985A allelic variant of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome? A pooled analysis SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID DEFICIENCY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Wang, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2000 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1175 EP 1176 DI 10.1542/peds.105.5.1175 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 311TW UT WOS:000086902600049 PM 10836898 ER PT J AU Laupland, KB Davies, HD Low, DE Schwartz, B Green, K McGeer, A AF Laupland, KB Davies, HD Low, DE Schwartz, B Green, K McGeer, A CA Ontario Grp A Streptococcal Study TI Invasive group a streptococcal disease in children and association with varicella-zoster virus infection SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE varicella; group A streptococcus; pediatric; risk ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI; NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; CLINICAL-FEATURES; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; NORTH-CAROLINA; BACTEREMIA; VACCINE AB Objectives. To describe the incidence and clinical features of invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease in children in Ontario and determine the risk of invasive GAS infection following chickenpox. Methods. During 1992-1996, we conducted prospective, active, population-based surveillance for pediatric invasive GAS disease in Ontario, Canada (population: 11 million; 2.5 million children) and reviewed clinical and laboratory records. Results. There were 1.9 cases of invasive GAS disease per 100 000 children per year. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) occurred in 7% of cases and necrotizing fasciitis (NF) in 4% for incidences of .08 and .13 per 100 000 per year, respectively. Case-fatality rates were 56% for STSS, 10% for NF, and 4% overall. The presence of chronic underlying illness other than asthma was associated with death (relative risk [RR]: 11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4-45). Fifteen percent of children identified had preceding chickenpox infection, which significantly increased the risk for acquisition of invasive GAS disease (RR: 58; 95% CI: 40-85). Children with invasive GAS and recent chickenpox were more likely to have NF (RR: 6.3; 95% CI: 1.8-22.3). Conclusions. Childhood invasive GAS disease occurs at an incidence similar to the adult population but has a lower rate of STSS and case-fatality. Chickenpox dramatically increases the risk for acquiring invasive GAS disease, and universal chickenpox vaccination could potentially prevent up to 15% of all pediatric invasive GAS disease. C1 Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Child Hlth Res Unit, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada. Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Dept Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Childhood & Vaccine Preventable Dis Epidemiol Sec, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto Med Labs, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Davies, HD (reprint author), Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Child Hlth Res Unit, 1820 Richmond Rd SW,Room 2271, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada. RI Low, Donald/B-1726-2012; mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 46 TC 95 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2000 VL 105 IS 5 AR e60 DI 10.1542/peds.105.5.e60 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 311TW UT WOS:000086902600003 PM 10799624 ER PT J AU Bassett, CL Nickerson, ML Cohen, RA Rajeevan, MS AF Bassett, CL Nickerson, ML Cohen, RA Rajeevan, MS TI Alternative transcript initiation and novel post-transcriptional processing of a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase gene that responds to short-day photoperiodic floral induction in morning glory (Ipomoea nil) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryptic intron; flowering; Ipomoea; multiple transcripts; RNA processing; signal transduction ID MESSENGER-RNA ACCUMULATION; FLOWERING-TIME; PHARBITIS-NIL; ABSCISIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS; ENCODES; PLANTS; MAIZE; TRANSLATION; ELEMENTS AB A gene (inrpk1) encoding a putative receptor-like protein kinase was isolated from the Japanese morning glory, Ipomoea (Pharbitis) nil Roth. cv. Violet. The receptor-like portion of the largest derived polypeptide contains 26 direct leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) in a single block, and the catalytic portion has all the conserved amino acid residues characteristic of Ser/Thr protein kinases. RNA blot analysis detected multiple transcripts in cotyledons. The largest (4.4 kb) transcript encodes the predicted full length polypeptide (INRPK1), whereas a 1.6 kb transcript apparently originates from a secondary transcription initiation site within the gene and potentially encodes a protein kinase identical to INRPK1, but lacking most of the LRRs. Two transcripts (ca. 2.7 and 2.6 kb) are created by alternative 3'-splicing of a large (ca. 1.4-1.5 kb) cryptic intron in the LRR region, creating one transcript (2.6 kb) potentially encoding a small, secretable polypeptide. The larger transcript encoding a polypeptide identical to INRPK1, but lacking 21 LRRs, predominates in vegetative roots. Competitive PCR indicates that inrpk1 mRNA increases 20-fold in cotyledons in response to a previously given single floral-inducing short-day (SD). No differences of this magnitude were detected in any other organs examined from plants similarly treated. This pattern of expression and differential processing suggests a role for inrpk1 in some aspect of SD photoperiodic-induced flowering in morning glory. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NCI, Immunobiol Lab, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Primedica Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Bassett, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 64 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 43 IS 1 BP 43 EP 58 DI 10.1023/A:1006408011873 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 332QQ UT WOS:000088085300005 PM 10949373 ER PT J AU Boorman, GA Owen, RD Lotz, WG Galvin, MJ AF Boorman, GA Owen, RD Lotz, WG Galvin, MJ TI Evaluation of in vitro effects of 50 and 60 Hz magnetic fields in regional EMF exposure facilities SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANCHORAGE-INDEPENDENT GROWTH; INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM OSCILLATIONS; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; T-CELL LINE; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; TRANSCRIPT LEVELS; CHILDHOOD-CANCER; FLUX DENSITIES; JB6; ENHANCEMENT AB A weak association between magnetic-field exposure and increased incidences of cancer has been reported, While alterations in cellular processes after in vitro magnetic-field exposures have also been reported to provide plausibility for this association, other laboratories have been unable to repeat the findings. As part of an accelerated electric- and magnetic-field (EMF) research program, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences with the Department of Energy identified the replication of the published positive effects as a priority. Regional EMF exposure facilities were established to investigate major in vitro effects from the literature. These included effects on gene expression, intracellular calcium, colony growth in soft agar, and ornithine decarboxylase activity. The laboratories that first reported these effects provided experimental protocols, cell lines, and other relevant experiment details. Regional facility studies included sham/sham exposures (no applied field in either chamber) and were done in a blinded fashion to minimize investigator bias. In nearly all experiments, no effects of magnetic-field exposure were found. The effort provided insight into dealing with the difficulty of replication of subtle effects in complex biological systems. Experimental techniques provided some clues for the differences in experimental results between the regional facility and the original investigator. Studies of subtle effects require extraordinary efforts to confirm that the effect can be attributed to the applied exposure. (C) 2000 by Radiation Research Society. C1 NIEHS, Off Special Programs, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US FDA, Ctr Device & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Off Extramural Programs, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Boorman, GA (reprint author), NIEHS, Off Special Programs, POB 12233,MD B3-08, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 153 IS 5 BP 648 EP 657 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2000)153[0648:EOIVEO]2.0.CO;2 PN 2 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 317BL UT WOS:000087204400006 PM 10790288 ER PT J AU Papreen, N Sharma, A Sabin, K Begum, L Ahsan, SK Baqui, AH AF Papreen, N Sharma, A Sabin, K Begum, L Ahsan, SK Baqui, AH TI Living with infertility: Experiences among urban slum populations in Bangladesh SO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MATTERS LA English DT Article DE infertility; stigma; treatment-seeking behaviour; traditional beliefs; Bangladesh AB This paper explores the perceived causes of infertility, treatment-seeking for infertility and the consequences of childlessness, particularly for women, among a predominantly Muslim population in urban slums of Dhaka in Bangladesh. In-depth interviews were conducted with 60 women and GO men randomly selected from Urban Surveillance System clusters of the international Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. Case studies of 20 self-perceived infertile women who had previously participated in a study on the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and other reproductive tract infections were taken, and three traditional healers were interviewed as key informants. In both groups of respondents, the leading ca uses of infertility were perceived to be evil spirits and physiological defects in women and psychosexual problems and physiological defects in men. Herbalists and traditional healers were considered the leading treatment option for women, while for men it was remarriage, followed by herbalists and traditional healers. Childlessness was found to result in perceived role failure, with social and emotional consequences for both men and women, and often resulted in social stigmatisation of the couple, particularly of the woman. Infertility pla ces women at risk of social and familial displacement, and women clearly bear the greatest burden of infertility. Successful programmes for dealing with infertility in Bangladesh need to include both appropriate and effective sources of treatment at community level and community-based interventions to demystify the causes of infertility, so that people know why infertility occurs in both men and women and and where best to seek care. C1 Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Groningen, Dept Demog, Groningen, Netherlands. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Child Hlth Program, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Vaccine Working Grp, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Papreen, N (reprint author), Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. NR 36 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0968-8080 J9 REPROD HEALTH MATTER JI Reprod. Health Matters PD MAY PY 2000 VL 8 IS 15 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0968-8080(00)90004-1 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 366VF UT WOS:000090026400005 PM 11424266 ER PT J AU Murono, EP Derk, RC de Leon, JH AF Murono, EP Derk, RC de Leon, JH TI Octylphenol inhibits testosterone biosynthesis by cultured precursor and immature Leydig cells from rat testes SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leydig cell precursors; immature Leydig cells; testosterone; octylphenol ID HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; ALKYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATES; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; ADRENAL-CORTEX; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; STEROIDOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; ESTROGENS; ESTRADIOL AB 4-tert-octyphenol (OP) is a surfactant additive widely used in the manufacture of a variety of detergents and plastic products. OP has been reported to mimic the actions of estrogen in many cellular systems. The present studies evaluated the direct effects of OP on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated testosterone biosynthesis by cultured precursor and immature Leydig cells from 23-day old (prepubertal) rats. Exposure to increasing OP concentrations (1 to 2000 nM) progressively decreased hCG-stimulated testosterone formation in both precursor and immature Leydig cells at higher OP concentrations (100 or 500 to 2000 nM). Testosterone levels were reduced similar to 30 to 70% below control at the highest concentration in both cell types. Similar reductions in testosterone associated with OP exposure were observed in cells stimulated with 1 mM 8-Br-cAMP, suggesting that the main actions of OP occur after the generation of cAMP. Increasing concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol (1 to 1000 nM) had no effect on hCG-stimulated testosterone formation in both precursor and immature Leydig cells and the inclusion of 100 nM ICI 182,780, a pure estrogen antagonist, in precursor and immature Leydig cells exposed to OP and hCG, did not alter the inhibition by higher OP concentrations of testosterone formation in both cell types. These results suggest that OP is a hormonally active agent, but that some of its actions are distinct from those of 17 beta-estradiol and are not mediated through the estrogen receptor alpha or beta pathway. To further localize the potential site(s) of action of OP, cultured precursor and immature Leydig cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of OP and hCG for 24 h. Next, fresh media containing 1 mu M 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, 1 mu M pregnenolone, 1 mu M progesterone, or 1 mu M androstenedione was added, and the conversion of each substrate to testosterone was determined after incubation for 4 h. The conversion of androstenedione to testosterone was unaffected by exposure to OF, suggesting that the 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase step is not inhibited. However, the conversion of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, pregnenolone and progesterone all were inhibited by prior exposure to OP and hCG. This finding suggests that the 17 alpha-hydroxylase/c17-20-lyase step, which converts progesterone to androstenedione, is inhibited by OP, and that the cholesterol side-chain cleavage and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase -isomerase steps, which convert cholesterol to pregnenolone and pregnenolone to progesterone, respectively, are other potential sites of OP action. Because concomitant exposure to the antioxidants a-tocopherol or ascorbate did not alter the inhibition of testosterone formation by higher OP concentrations, it does not appear that OP is acting as a pseudosubstrate for the generation of free radicals, which can damage P450 enzymes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Murono, EP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, M-S 2015,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 52 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 3 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(00)00078-2 PG 14 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 323VC UT WOS:000087584800011 PM 10838129 ER PT J AU Costa, RP Gollob, KJ Fonseca, LL Rocha, MOC Chaves, ACL Medrano-Mercado, N Araujo-Jorge, TC Antas, PRZ Colley, DG Correa-Oliveira, R Gazzinelli, G Carvalho-Parra, J Dutra, WO AF Costa, RP Gollob, KJ Fonseca, LL Rocha, MOC Chaves, ACL Medrano-Mercado, N Araujo-Jorge, TC Antas, PRZ Colley, DG Correa-Oliveira, R Gazzinelli, G Carvalho-Parra, J Dutra, WO TI T-cell repertoire analysis in acute and chronic human Chagas' disease: Differentail frequencies of V beta 5 expressing T cells SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI INFECTION; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; RESTRICTED HETEROGENEITY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RECEPTOR; MICE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRANSCRIPTS; LYMPHOCYTES AB Here, we analysed the use of V beta-TCR regions by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from acute and chronic chagasic patients using flow cytometry. We determined the V beta expression in cells freshly isolated from patients, as well as after in vitro stimulation with antigens derived from epimastigote (EPI) or trypomastigote (TRYPO) forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Analysis of V beta-TCR expression of T cells freshly isolated from patients showed a decrease in V beta 5 expression in the CD4(+) T-cell population from acutely infected individuals, whereas CD4(+)V beta 5(+) T cells were found to be increased in chronic patients with the cardiac, but not indeterminate, clinical form. After culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from chronic patients with EPI or TRYPO, we found that both antigenic preparations led to a preferential expansion of CD4(+)V beta 5(+) T cells. EPI stimulation also led to the expansion of CD8(+)V beta 5(+) T cells, whereas TRYPO led to the expansion of this cell population only if PBMC were from cardiac and not indeterminate patients. We observed that TRYPO stimulation led to an increase in the frequency of CD4(+)V beta 17(+) T cells in cultures of PBMC from indeterminate patients, whereas an increase in the frequency of CD8(+)V beta 17(+) T cells was found upon TRYPO stimulation of PBMC from cardiac patients. Despite this increase in the frequency of V beta 17(+) T-cell populations upon TRYPO stimulation, the same antigenic preparation led to a much higher expansion of V beta 5(+) T cells. These results show a differential expression of V beta 5-TCR in cells freshly isolated from chagasic patients in different stages of the disease and that parasite-specific antigens stimulate a portion of the T-cell repertoire with preferential usage of V beta 5-TCR. C1 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, ICB, Dept Morphol, Lab Biol Interacoes Celulares, BR-31270000 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Bioquim Imunol, BR-31270000 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, FIOCRUZ, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, BR-31270000 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, CTR DIP, Hosp Clin, BR-31270000 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Univ Mayor San Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Ultraestrutura & Biol Celular, BR-20001 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control, NICD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Ludwig, Hosp Canc, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Dutra, WO (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, ICB, Dept Morphol, Lab Biol Interacoes Celulares, Av Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-31270000 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RI Gollob, Kenneth/C-1341-2008; Rocha, Manoel Otavio/H-4776-2013 OI Gollob, Kenneth/0000-0003-4184-3867; NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-9475 J9 SCAND J IMMUNOL JI Scand. J. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 51 IS 5 BP 511 EP 519 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00706.x PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 308HC UT WOS:000086703600012 PM 10792844 ER PT J AU Fowler, MG AF Fowler, MG TI Follow-up of children exposed to perinatal antiretrovirals SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZIDOVUDINE; MICE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MCTPASS, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDSSE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fowler, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MCTPASS, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDSSE, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD MAY PY 2000 VL 61 IS 5 BP 395 EP 396 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(200005)61:5<395::AID-TERA15>3.0.CO;2-H PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 310FM UT WOS:000086815900014 PM 10777838 ER PT J AU Steele, KE Linn, MJ Schoepp, RJ Komar, N Geisbert, TW Manduca, RM Calle, PP Raphael, BL Clippinger, TL Larsen, T Smith, J Lanciotti, RS Panella, NA McNamara, TS AF Steele, KE Linn, MJ Schoepp, RJ Komar, N Geisbert, TW Manduca, RM Calle, PP Raphael, BL Clippinger, TL Larsen, T Smith, J Lanciotti, RS Panella, NA McNamara, TS TI Pathology of fatal West Nile virus infections in native and exotic birds during the 1999 outbreak in New York City, New York SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arbovirus; avian; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization; meningoencephalitis; myocarditis; RT-PCR; virus isolation; West Nile virus ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; CELLS AB West Nile fever caused fatal disease in humans, horses, and birds in the northeastern United States during 1999. We studied birds from two wildlife facilities in New York City, New York, that died or were euthanatized and were suspected to have West Nile virus infections. Using standard histologic and ultrastructural methods, virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we identified West Nile virus as the cause of clinical disease, severe pathologic changes, and death in 27 birds representing eight orders and 14 species. Virus was detected in 23/26 brains (88%), 24/25 hearts (96%), 15/18 spleens (83%), 14/20 Livers (70%), 20/20 kidneys (100%), 10/13 adrenals (77%), 13/14 intestines (93%), 10/12 pancreata (83%), 5/12 lungs (42%), and 4/8 ovaries (50%) by one or more methods. Cellular targets included neurons and glial cells in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia; myocardial fibers; macrophages and blood monocytes; renal tubular epithelium; adrenal cortical cells; pancreatic acinar cells and islet cells: intestinal crypt epithelium; oocytes; and fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Purkinje cells were especially targeted, except in crows and magpies. Gross hemorrhage of the brain, splenomegaly, meningoencephalitis, and myocarditis were the most prominent lesions. Immunohistochemistry was an efficient and reliable method for identifying infected cases, but the polyclonal antibody cross-reacted with St. Louis encephalitis virus and other flaviviruses. in contrast, the in situ hybridization probe pWNV-E (WN-USAMRIID99) reacted only with West Nile virus. These methods should aid diagnosticians faced with the emergence of West Nile virus in the United States. C1 Wildlife Conservat Soc, Dept Pathol, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Dept Clin Sci, Bronx, NY USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP McNamara, TS (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Dept Pathol, 2300 So Bldv, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. NR 24 TC 287 Z9 299 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 208 EP 224 DI 10.1354/vp.37-3-208 PG 17 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 311NM UT WOS:000086890500002 PM 10810985 ER PT J AU Onions, D Cooper, DKC Alexander, TJL Brown, C Claassen, E Foweraker, JE Harris, DL Mahy, BWJ Minor, PD Osterhaus, ADME Pastoret, PP Yamanouchi, K AF Onions, D Cooper, DKC Alexander, TJL Brown, C Claassen, E Foweraker, JE Harris, DL Mahy, BWJ Minor, PD Osterhaus, ADME Pastoret, PP Yamanouchi, K TI An approach to the control of disease transmission in pig-to-human xenotransplantation SO XENOTRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE endogenous retroviruses; pigs; prions; viruses; xenozoonosis ID PORCINE ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS; ACCELERATING FACTOR CD55; HEPATITIS-E VIRUS; HUMAN-CELLS; HUMAN SERUM; ORGAN-TRANSPLANTATION; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; TRANSGENIC PIGS; NIPAH-VIRUS; NO EVIDENCE AB Although several major immunologic hurdles need to be overcome, the pig is currently considered the most likely source animal of cells, tissues and organs for transplantation into humans. Concerns have been raised with regard to the potential for the transfer of infectious agents with the transplanted organ to the human recipient. This risk is perceived to be increased as it is likely that the patient will be iatrogenically immunocompromised and the organ-source pig may be genetically engineered in such a way to render its organs particularly susceptible to infection with human viruses. Furthermore, the risk may not be restricted to the recipient, but may have consequences for the health of others in the community, The identification of porcine endogenous retroviruses and of hitherto unknown viruses have given rise to the most concern, We document here the agents we believe should be excluded from the organ-source pigs. We discuss the likelihood of achieving this aim and outline the potential means by which it may best be achieved. C1 Q One Biotech Ltd, Glasgow G20 0XA, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Transplantat Biol Res Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Clin Vet Med, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. DLO, Inst Anim Sci & Hlth, Lelystad, Netherlands. Papworth Hosp, Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Microbiol Lab, Cambridge CB3 8RE, England. Iowa State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Microbiol, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. Erasmus Univ, Dept Virol, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Univ Liege, Fac Med Vet, Liege, Belgium. Nippon Inst Biol Sci, Tokyo, Japan. RP Q One Biotech Ltd, W Scotland Sci Pk,Todd Campus,Maryhill Rd, Glasgow G20 0XA, Lanark, Scotland. NR 73 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-665X EI 1399-3089 J9 XENOTRANSPLANTATION JI Xenotransplantation PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 2 BP 143 EP 155 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3089.2000.00047.x PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA 343XB UT WOS:000088726800011 PM 10961299 ER PT J AU Rota, PA Liffick, S Rosenthal, S Heriyanto, B Chua, KB AF Rota, PA Liffick, S Rosenthal, S Heriyanto, B Chua, KB TI Measles genotype G2 in Indonesia and Malaysia SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Communicable Dis Res, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 29 PY 2000 VL 355 IS 9214 BP 1557 EP 1558 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)74612-2 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 310LR UT WOS:000086830100060 PM 10801203 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Renzelli, AJ Baldwin, KT Antonini, JM AF Ma, Q Renzelli, AJ Baldwin, KT Antonini, JM TI Superinduction of CYP1A1 gene expression - Regulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced degradation of Ah receptor by cycloheximide SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; PROTEIN-DNA INTERACTIONS; MOUSE HEPATOMA-CELLS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ENHANCER; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATOR; CYTOCHROME P4501A1; DIOXIN RECEPTOR; MICE LACKING; 1C1C7 CELLS AB Cycloheximide superinduces the transcription of CYP1A1 in the presence of an agonist for the Ah receptor (AhR). To investigate the molecular target for "superinduction," we analyzed the agonist-induced degradation of AhR. Whereas 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent agonist of AhR, induces a rapid reduction of the AhR protein, cycloheximide blocks the downregulation of steady state AhR. Analyses of the turnover of AhR reveal that cycloheximide blocks the shortening of the half-life of AhR by TCDD, Blocking of the TCDD-induced AhR degradation requires inhibition of protein synthesis, because (a) cycloheximide inhibits protein synthesis at the concentration at which it causes superinduction and inhibition of AhR degradation; and (b) puromycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis by mimicking aminoacyl-tRNA, also blocks the TCDD-induced AhR degradation. The blocking of the TCDD-induced AhR degradation correlates with the superinduction of CYP1A1 gene expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, cycloheximide is shown to increase the accumulation of the TCDD-activated AhR and the functional AhR Amt complex in nucleus. Collectively, our results reveal a mechanism of superinduction by cycloheximide by enhancing the stability of agonist-activated AhR, The finding that inhibition of protein synthesis blocks the TCDD-induced AhR turnover implicates a cycloheximide-sensitive, labile factor (designated as (A) under bar hR (d) under bar egradation (p) under bar romoting (f) under bar actor, or ADPF) in controlling the removal of agonist-activated AhR in nucleus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch,Hlth Effects Lab Div,, NIH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Mol Toxicol lab,Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, NIH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch,Hlth Effects Lab Div,, NIH, Mailstop 3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 53 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 28 PY 2000 VL 275 IS 17 BP 12676 EP 12683 DI 10.1074/jbc.275.17.12676 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 309HK UT WOS:000086762300045 PM 10777561 ER PT J AU Katz, JM Lu, XH Todd, CW Newman, MJ AF Katz, JM Lu, XH Todd, CW Newman, MJ TI A nonionic block co-polymer adjuvant (CRL1005) enhances the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated influenza vaccine in young and aged mice SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; vaccine; adjuvant ID NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; A H3N2 EPIDEMIC; VIRUS-VACCINE; INTERLEUKIN-2 PRODUCTION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DOUBLE-BLIND; VOLUNTEERS; INFECTION; SAFETY AB The use of adjuvants is one approach to improve influenza vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy, particularly in aged populations. The response of BALB/c mice to subcutaneously administered formalin-inactivated whole influenza virus vaccine in the presence or absence of a nonionic block copolymer adjuvant CRL1005 was evaluated. In young adult naive mice, the copolymer adjuvant significantly enhanced virus-specific IgG and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody responses and augmented the production of IL-2 following vaccination. Influenza vaccine formulated with 2.5 mg CRL1005 significantly enhanced the protective efficacy of the inactivated vaccine in the upper and lower respiratory tract. In mice previously infected with influenza virus or naive aged mice, inactivated vaccine administered with the copolymer adjuvant substantially enhanced the serum HI antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccine and significantly reduced lung virus titers following subsequent challenge with live virus compared with mice administered vaccine alone. These results suggest that the copolymer adjuvant warrants further investigation as a potential adjuvant for use in human vaccination against influenza. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vaxcel Inc, Norcross, GA USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 28 PY 2000 VL 18 IS 21 BP 2177 EP 2187 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00022-0 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 307ZE UT WOS:000086683400002 PM 10717336 ER PT J AU Kramarz, P DeStefano, F Gargiullo, PM Davis, RL Chen, RT Mullooly, JP Black, SB Bohlke, K Ward, JI Marcy, MS Okoro, CA AF Kramarz, P DeStefano, F Gargiullo, PM Davis, RL Chen, RT Mullooly, JP Black, SB Bohlke, K Ward, JI Marcy, MS Okoro, CA CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Team TI Influenza vaccination in children with asthma in Health Maintenance Organizations SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE asthma; influenza vaccination; Health Maintenance Organization; coverage; predictor ID RISK-FACTORS; RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; IMMUNIZATION; RATES; OPPORTUNITIES; MORTALITY; COVERAGE; TRENDS AB We assessed vaccination coverage and predictors of influenza vaccination in asthmatic children in four large Health Maintenance Organizations. We studied 68,839 children with asthma at four Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) in the 1995-1996 influenza season and 34,032 children at two HMOs in the: 1996-1997 influenza season. In both seasons only 9-10% were vaccinated against influenza. Children who were hospitalized, had an emergency department visit for asthma or a prescription for a beta-agonist prior to the influenza season, were more likely to be vaccinated. Overall, 61% of the unvaccinated asthmatic children had made an outpatient clinic visit during months when influenza vaccination would have been appropriate. Vaccination coverage could be increased by taking advantage of all opportunities to vaccinate children with asthma whenever they make clinic visits in the fall and early sinter. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. No California Kaiser Permanente, Pediat Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Harbor Med Ctr, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. So Calif Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, CA 91188 USA. RP Kramarz, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 28 PY 2000 VL 18 IS 21 BP 2288 EP 2294 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00551-4 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 307ZE UT WOS:000086683400015 PM 10717349 ER PT J AU Fey, PD Safranek, TJ Rupp, ME Dunne, EF Ribot, E Iwen, PC Bradford, PA Angulo, FJ Hinrichs, SH AF Fey, PD Safranek, TJ Rupp, ME Dunne, EF Ribot, E Iwen, PC Bradford, PA Angulo, FJ Hinrichs, SH TI Ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella infection acquired by a child from cattle. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BETA-LACTAMASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SPECTRUM CEPHALOSPORINS; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; TYPHIMURIUM; OUTBREAK; GASTROENTERITIS; CEFOTAXIMASE AB Background: The emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents within the salmonellae is a worldwide problem that has been associated with the use of antibiotics in livestock. Resistance to ceftriaxone and the fluoroquinolones, which are used to treat invasive salmonella infections, is rare in the United States. We analyzed the molecular characteristics of a ceftriaxone-resistant strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolated from a 12-year-old boy with fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Methods: We used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and analysis of plasmids and beta-lactamases to compare the ceftriaxone-resistant S. enterica serotype typhimurium from the child with four isolates of this strain obtained from cattle during a local outbreak of salmonellosis. Results: The ceftriaxone-resistant isolate from the child was indistinguishable from one of the isolates from cattle, which was also resistant to ceftriaxone. Both ceftriaxone-resistant isolates were resistant to 13 antimicrobial agents; all but one of the resistance determinants were on a conjugative plasmid of 160 kb that encoded the functional group 1 beta-lactamase CMY-2. Both ceftriaxone- resistant isolates were closely related to the three other salmonella isolates obtained from cattle, all of which were susceptible to ceftriaxone. Conclusions: This study provides additional evidence that antibiotic-resistant strains of salmonella in the United States evolve primarily in livestock. Resistance to ceftriaxone, the drug of choice for invasive salmonella disease, is a public health concern, especially with respect to children, since fluoroquinolones, which can also be used to treat this disease, are not approved for use in children. (N Engl J Med 2000;342:1242-9.) (C) 2000, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Nebraska Med Ctr 985400, Dept Internal Med, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Nebraska Publ Hlth Lab, Omaha, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Nebraska Med Ctr 985400, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Lincoln, NE USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Wyeth Ayerst Res, Pearl River, NY USA. RP Fey, PD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Nebraska Med Ctr 985400, Dept Internal Med, 600 S 42nd St, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. OI Bradford, Patricia/0000-0002-1285-2978 NR 36 TC 319 Z9 333 U1 1 U2 29 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 342 IS 17 BP 1242 EP 1249 DI 10.1056/NEJM200004273421703 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 307NZ UT WOS:000086660600003 PM 10781620 ER PT J AU Petrillo, TM Beck-Sague, CM Songer, JG Abramowsky, C Fortenberry, JD Meacham, L Dean, AG Lee, H Bueschel, DM Nesheim, SR AF Petrillo, TM Beck-Sague, CM Songer, JG Abramowsky, C Fortenberry, JD Meacham, L Dean, AG Lee, H Bueschel, DM Nesheim, SR TI Enteritis necroticans (Pigbel) in a diabetic child. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; CHITTERLINGS; MELLITUS; ANIMALS AB Background: Enteritis necroticans (pigbel), an often fatal illness characterized by hemorrhagic, inflammatory, or ischemic necrosis of the jejunum, occurs in developing countries but is rare in developed countries, where its occurrence is confined to adults with chronic illnesses. The causative organism of enteritis necroticans is Clostridium perfringens type C, an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus. Methods: In December 1998, enteritis necroticans developed in a 12-year-old boy with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus after he consumed pig intestines (chitterlings). He presented with hematemesis, abdominal distention, and severe diabetic ketoacidosis with hypotension. At laparotomy, extensive jejunal necrosis required bowel resection, jejunostomy, and ileostomy. Samples were obtained for histopathological examination. Polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay was performed on paraffin-embedded bowel tissue with primers specific for the cpa and cpb genes, which code for the alpha and beta toxins produced by C. perfringens. Results: Histologic examination of resected bowel tissue showed extensive mucosal necrosis, the formation of pseudomembrane, pneumatosis, and areas of epithelial regeneration that alternated with necrotic segments - findings consistent with a diagnosis of enteritis necroticans. Gram's staining showed large gram-positive bacilli whose features were consistent with those of clostridium species. Through PCR amplification, we detected products of the cpa and cpb genes, which indicated the presence of C. perfringens type C. Assay of ileal tissue obtained during surgery to restore the continuity of the patient's bowel was negative for C. perfringens. Conclusions: The preparation or consumption of chitterlings by diabetic patients and other chronically ill persons can result in potentially life-threatening infectious complications. (N Engl J Med 2000;342:1250-3.) (C) 2000, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Childrens Healthcare Atlanta Egleston, Div Crit Care Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Childrens Healthcare Atlanta Egleston, Div Endocrinol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ USA. Emory Univ, Div Pediat Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Div Surg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Petrillo, TM (reprint author), Childrens Healthcare Atlanta Egleston, Div Crit Care Med, 1405 Clifton Rd NE,3rd Fl Annex, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 342 IS 17 BP 1250 EP 1253 DI 10.1056/NEJM200004273421704 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 307NZ UT WOS:000086660600004 PM 10781621 ER PT J AU Kanarek, N Sockwell, D Jia, H Owen, P Bender, B Potts, G Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Bullo, I Martin, L Reyes-Salvail, F Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Sternnock, L Igbokwe, J Hunt, C Sparks, T Bates, B Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Murayi, T Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Powers, L Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Gizlice, Z Shireley, L Pullen, P Baker, K Pickle, K Mann, L Cintron, Y Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Carswell, K Wynkoop-Simmons, K King, F Pearson, K Futa, M AF Kanarek, N Sockwell, D Jia, H Owen, P Bender, B Potts, G Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Bullo, I Martin, L Reyes-Salvail, F Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Sternnock, L Igbokwe, J Hunt, C Sparks, T Bates, B Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Murayi, T Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Powers, L Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Gizlice, Z Shireley, L Pullen, P Baker, K Pickle, K Mann, L Cintron, Y Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Carswell, K Wynkoop-Simmons, K King, F Pearson, K Futa, M CA CDC TI Community indicators of health-related quality of life - United States, 1993-1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 281-285, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Publ Hlth Fdn, Washington, DC USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. CDC, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Br, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kanarek, N (reprint author), Publ Hlth Fdn, Washington, DC USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 26 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 16 BP 2097 EP 2098 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 305MA UT WOS:000086542800010 ER PT J AU Weiss, J Nannini, A Fogerty, S Sachs, B Frigoletto, F Roberts, D Ringer, S DeJoy, S O'Grady, JP Kraus, G Weber, J AF Weiss, J Nannini, A Fogerty, S Sachs, B Frigoletto, F Roberts, D Ringer, S DeJoy, S O'Grady, JP Kraus, G Weber, J CA CDC TI Use of hospital discharge data to monitor uterine rupture - Massachusetts, 1990-1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 245-248, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Family & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Springfield, MA 01199 USA. Anna Jaques Hosp, Newburyport, MA 01950 USA. Midwives Merrimaxk Valley, N Andover, MA USA. CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weiss, J (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Family & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 26 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 16 BP 2098 EP 2100 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 305MA UT WOS:000086542800011 ER PT J AU Hutter, JC Kuehnert, MJ Wallis, RR Lucas, DD Sen, S Jarvis, WR AF Hutter, JC Kuehnert, MJ Wallis, RR Lucas, DD Sen, S Jarvis, WR TI Acute onset of decreased vision and hearing traced to hemodialysis treatment with aged dialyzers SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIALYSIS CENTER; CELLULOSE; INTOXICATION; OXIDATION; MEMBRANES AB Context A recent event in which 7 patients at 1 hospital developed decreased vision and hearing, conjunctivitis, headache, and other severe neurologic symptoms 7 to 24 hours after hemodialysis drew attention to the issue of the long-term integrity of dialysis machines and materials. Objective To determine the cause of the adverse reactions that occurred during this event. Design, Patients, and Setting Retrospective cohort study of all 9 patients who received hemodialysis at hospital A on September 18, 1996, the day of the outbreak. A case-patient was defined as any hospital A patient with acute onset of decreased vision and hearing and conjunctivitis after dialysis on that day. Non-case-patients were all others who underwent dialysis at hospital A on that day but did not develop adverse reactions. in an attempt to reproduce the conditions of the event, cellulose acetate dialysis membranes of various ages were retrieved from other sources and tested for physical and chemical degradation, and degradation products were identified, characterized, and injected intravenously into rabbits. Main Outcome Measures Clinical signs and symptoms, time to resolution of symptoms, mortality, and dialyzer type and age, for case- vs non-case-patients. Results Seven of the 9 patients met the case definition. In addition to diminished vision and hearing, conjunctivitis, and headache, some case-patients had blood leak alarm activation (n=6), confusion/lethargy (n=5), corneal opacification (n=4), cardiac arrest (n=2), or other neurologic signs and symptoms. One case-patient died during hospitalization after the event; 5 of 7 case-patients died within 13 months. Resolution of signs and symptoms varied but persisted more than 3 years or until death in 3 of the 6 patients who survived hospitalization. All case-patients but no non-case-patients were exposed to 11.5-year-old cellulose acetate dialyzers (all of these dialyzers were discarded by the hospital before our investigation). Laboratory investigation of field-retrieved 0- to 13.6-year-old dialyzers of similar type indicated significant chemical degradation in the older membranes. In vivo injection of extracts of membrane degradation products produced iritis and hemorrhages in rabbits' eyes. Conclusions Severe patient injury was associated with exposure to aged cellulose acetate membranes of dialyzers, allowing cellulose acetate degradation products to enter the blood. Clinicians should be aware that aged cellulose acetate membranes may cause severe adverse reactions. C1 US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hutter, JC (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, 12725 Twinbrook Pkwy,HFZ 150, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 26 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 16 BP 2128 EP 2134 DI 10.1001/jama.283.16.2128 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 305MA UT WOS:000086542800029 PM 10791505 ER PT J AU Black, DW Doebbeling, BN Voelker, MD Clarke, WR Woolson, RF Barrett, DH Schwartz, DA AF Black, DW Doebbeling, BN Voelker, MD Clarke, WR Woolson, RF Barrett, DH Schwartz, DA TI Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome - Symptom prevalence and risk factors in a military population SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL ILLNESS; 20TH-CENTURY DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP; QUESTIONNAIRE; EXPOSURES; ALLERGY AB Objective: To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for self-reported symptoms suggestive of multiple chemical sensitivities/idiopathic environmental intolerance (MCS/IEI) in Persian Gulf War (PGW) veterans from Iowa and a comparison group of PGW-era military personnel. Methods: A population-based sample of Iowa military personnel was surveyed using a cross-sectional telephone interview. Study participants were randomly drawn from 1 of 4 domains: PGW active duty, PGW National Guard/Reserve, non-PGW active duty, and non-PGW National Guard/Reserve. A complex sample survey design was used selecting participants from the following substrata: age, sex, race, rank, and military branch. The criteria for MCS/IEI were developed using expert consensus and the medical literature. Results: A total of 3695 study participants (76% of those eligible) completed the telephone survey. The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of MCS/IEI in all participants was 3.4%. Veterans of the PGW reported a significantly higher prevalence of symptoms suggestive of MCS/IEI than did non-PGW military personnel (5.4% vs 2.6%); greater sensitivity to organic chemicals, vehicle exhaust, cosmetics, and smog; and more lifestyle changes. The following risk factors for MCS/IEI were identified with univariate analysis: deployment to the Persian Gulf, age (>25 years), female sex, receiving a physician diagnosis of MCS, previous professional psychiatric treatment, previous psychotropic medication use, current psychiatric illness, and a low level of preparedness. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified several independent risk factors for MCS/IEI, including deployment to the Persian Gulf, age, sex, rank, branch of service, previous professional psychiatric treatment, and current mental illness. Conclusions: Self-reported symptoms suggestive of MCS/IEI are relatively frequent in a military population and are more common among PGW veterans than comparable controls. Reported chemical sensitivities and accompanying behavioral changes were also frequent. After adjusting for age, sex, and training preparedness, previous professional psychiatric treatment and previous psychotropic medication use (before deployment) showed a robust association with symptoms suggestive of MCS. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa City Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Iowa City, IA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Black, DW (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU711513] NR 43 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD APR 24 PY 2000 VL 160 IS 8 BP 1169 EP 1176 DI 10.1001/archinte.160.8.1169 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 306FL UT WOS:000086586600014 PM 10789611 ER PT J AU Cummins, JE Guenthner, PC Pullium, J Adams, DR Kim, C Otten, RA Dezzutti, CS AF Cummins, JE Guenthner, PC Pullium, J Adams, DR Kim, C Otten, RA Dezzutti, CS TI HIV-2-specific immune responses in lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa of HIV-2-infected pig-tailed macaques. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 SU S BP A941 EP A941 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 307FQ UT WOS:000086643100171 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Abrigo, B Tinkle, SS AF Zhang, L Abrigo, B Tinkle, SS TI The cutaneous immune response becomes insensitive to oxazolone stimulation following chronic application of 0.1% and 0.5% oxazolone. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26508 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 SU S BP A1248 EP A1248 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 307FQ UT WOS:000086643101978 ER PT J CA CDC TI Update: Pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis among infants - Cleveland, Ohio, 1993-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 180-184, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID STACHYBOTRYS ATRA; HEMOSIDEROSIS; HEMORRHAGE RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 19 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 15 BP 1951 EP 1953 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 303RC UT WOS:000086436600011 ER PT J CA CDC TI Imported dengue - United States, 1997 and 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 248-253, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP CDC, State Hlth Dept, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 19 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 15 BP 1953 EP 1954 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 303RC UT WOS:000086436600013 ER PT J AU Anda, RF Croft, JB Giles, WH Williamson, DF Giovino, GA Felitti, VJ Nordenberg, D AF Anda, RF Croft, JB Giles, WH Williamson, DF Giovino, GA Felitti, VJ Nordenberg, D TI Smoking and adverse childhood experiences - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Anda, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 19 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 15 BP 1959 EP 1960 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 303RC UT WOS:000086436600022 ER PT J AU Stroup, DF Berlin, JA Morton, SC Olkin, I Williamson, GD Rennie, D Moher, D Becker, BJ Sipe, TA Thacker, SB AF Stroup, DF Berlin, JA Morton, SC Olkin, I Williamson, GD Rennie, D Moher, D Becker, BJ Sipe, TA Thacker, SB CA MOOSE Grp TI Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology - A proposal for reporting SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; CONTROLLED TRIALS; METAANALYSIS; QUALITY; HEALTH; HETEROGENEITY; EXPOSURE; CANCER; BIAS AB Objective Because of the pressure for timely, informed decisions in public health and clinical practice and the explosion of information in the scientific literature, research results must be synthesized. Meta-analyses are increasingly used to address this problem, and they often evaluate observational studies. A workshop was held in Atlanta, Ga, in April 1997, to examine the reporting of meta-analyses of observational studies and to make recommendations to aid authors, reviewers, editors, and readers. Participants Twenty-seven participants were selected by a steering committee, based on expertise in clinical practice, trials, statistics, epidemiology, social sciences, and biomedical editing. Deliberations of the workshop were open to other interested scientists. Funding for this activity was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Evidence We conducted a systematic review of the published literature on the conduct and reporting of meta-analyses in observational studies using MEDLINE, Educational Research Information Center (ERIC), PsycLIT, and the Current Index to Statistics. We also examined reference lists of the 32 studies retrieved and contacted experts in the field. Participants were assigned to small-group discussions on the subjects of bias, searching and abstracting, heterogeneity, study categorization, and statistical methods. Consensus Process From the material presented at the workshop, the authors developed a checklist summarizing recommendations for reporting meta-analyses of observational studies. The checklist and supporting evidence were circulated to all conference attendees and additional experts. All suggestions for revisions were addressed. Conclusions The proposed checklist contains specifications for reporting of meta-analyses of observational studies in epidemiology, including background, search strategy, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. Use of the checklist should improve the usefulness of meta-analyses for authors, reviewers, editors, readers, and decision makers. An evaluation plan is suggested and research areas are explored. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. JAMA, Chicago, IL USA. Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Res Inst, Thomas C Chalmers Ctr Systemat Rev, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Stroup, DF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Sipe, Theresa/C-2262-2012; OI Becker, Betsy Jane/0000-0003-3438-560X; Moher , David /0000-0003-2434-4206 NR 50 TC 6624 Z9 6750 U1 53 U2 410 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 19 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 15 BP 2008 EP 2012 DI 10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 303RC UT WOS:000086436600037 PM 10789670 ER PT J AU Tolbert, PE Mulholland, JA MacIntosh, DL Xu, F Daniels, D Devine, OJ Carlin, BP Klein, M Dorley, J Butler, AJ Nordenberg, DF Frumkin, H Ryan, PB White, MC AF Tolbert, PE Mulholland, JA MacIntosh, DL Xu, F Daniels, D Devine, OJ Carlin, BP Klein, M Dorley, J Butler, AJ Nordenberg, DF Frumkin, H Ryan, PB White, MC TI Air quality and pediatric emergency room visits for asthma in Atlanta, Georgia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; asthma; child; emergency service, hospital; ozone ID HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; MEXICO-CITY; POLLUTION; OZONE AB Pediatric emergency room visits for asthma were studied in relation to air quality indices in a spatio-temporal investigation of approximately 130,000 visits (similar to 6,000 for asthma) to the major emergency care centers in Atlanta, Georgia, during the summers of 1993-1995, Generalized estimating equations, logistic regression, and Bayesian models were fitted to the data. in logistic regression models comparing estimated exposures of asthma cases with those of the nonasthma patients, controlling for temporal and demographic covariates and using residential zip code to link patients to spatially resolved ozone levels, the estimated relative risk per 20 parts per billion (ppb) increase in the maximum 8-hour ozone level was 1.04 (p < 0.05). The estimated relative risk for particulate matter less than or equal to 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) was 1.04 per 15 mu g/m(3) (p < 0.05). Exposure-response trends (p < 0.01) were observed for ozone (>100 ppb vs. <50 ppb: odds ratio = 1.23, p = 0.003) and PM10 (>60 mu g/m(3) vs. <20 mu g/m(3): odds ratio = 1.26, p = 0.004). In models with ozone and PM10, both terms became nonsignificant because of collinearity of the variables (r = 0.75), The other analytical approaches yielded consistent findings. This study supports accumulating evidence regarding the relation of air pollution to childhood asthma exacerbation. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tolbert, PE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009; White, Mary /C-9242-2012; Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015; OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962; Frumkin, Howard/0000-0001-7079-3534 NR 26 TC 149 Z9 151 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 151 IS 8 BP 798 EP 810 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 303UR UT WOS:000086443700009 PM 10965977 ER PT J AU Chapman, DP Zack, MM AF Chapman, DP Zack, MM TI Body mass and depressive and anxiety symptoms SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Ctr & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 47 IS 8 SU S MA 259 BP 78S EP 79S DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00523-0 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 304ZW UT WOS:000086515200256 ER PT J AU Ribera, P Garcia, R Diaz, HF Gimeno, L Hernandez, E AF Ribera, P Garcia, R Diaz, HF Gimeno, L Hernandez, E TI Trends and interannual oscillations in the main sea-level surface pressure patterns over the Mediterranean, 1955-1990 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ASSOCIATION AB The evolution of the main sea level pressure patterns built from Rotated Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) over a domain centered on the Mediterranean for the period 1955-1990 is examined. The annual cycle and the interannual variations are analyzed using Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and three methods of spectral analysis, to detect trends and oscillations in the main patterns. The dominant patterns show oscillations characteristic of NAO and SO. This paper shows that NAO and SO seem to be correlated in a band centered in 6-8 years and that SLP behaviour over the region is dominated by QBO (which controls the oscillation frequency) while NAO modulates the amplitudes. C1 NOAA, ERL, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac CC Fis, Dpto Fis Tierra 2, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Vigo, Ourense 32003, Spain. RP Ribera, P (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, CDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI GIMENO, LUIS/B-8137-2008; OI Ribera, Pedro/0000-0002-6432-1554 NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1143 EP 1146 DI 10.1029/1999GL010899 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 305HW UT WOS:000086534700016 ER PT J AU McFarland, W Kellogg, TA Louie, B Murrill, C Katz, MH AF McFarland, W Kellogg, TA Louie, B Murrill, C Katz, MH TI Low estimates of HIV seroconversions among clients of a drug treatment clinic in San Francisco, 1995 to 1998 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV incidence; injection drug use; methadone; sentinel surveillance; San Francisco ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; USERS; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE; INFECTIONS; TRENDS; RISK AB We estimated HIV incidence among injection drug users attending a drug treatment clinic in San Francisco from 1995 to 1998 using two methods. An anonymous sequential testing method identified no seroconversions among clients seen more than once during the period (one-sided upper 95% confidence limit 1.02 per 100 person-years). A sensitive/less sensitive immunoassay testing strategy detected no early infections (one-sided upper 95% confidence Limit 1.90% per year). Methods were concordant and feasible in the setting, Although detection of no new HIV infections in this population of injection drug users (IDUs) is encouraging, epidemiologic studies among IDUs not in treatment are needed to monitor the HIV epidemic effectively. C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McFarland, W (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, 25 Van Ness Ave,Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU902948, U62/CCU913184] NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 23 IS 5 BP 426 EP 429 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 324CD UT WOS:000087603500009 PM 10866236 ER PT J AU Nkengasong, JN Luo, CC Abouya, L Pieniazek, D Maurice, C Sassan-Morokro, M Ellenberger, D Hu, DJ Pau, CP Dobbs, T Respess, R Coulibaly, D Coulibaly, IM Wiktor, SZ Greenberg, AE Rayfield, M AF Nkengasong, JN Luo, CC Abouya, L Pieniazek, D Maurice, C Sassan-Morokro, M Ellenberger, D Hu, DJ Pau, CP Dobbs, T Respess, R Coulibaly, D Coulibaly, IM Wiktor, SZ Greenberg, AE Rayfield, M TI Distribution of HIV-1 subtypes among HIV-seropositive patients in the interior of Cote d'Ivoire SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; genetic subtypes; Cote d'Ivoire, Africa ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IVORY-COAST; GROUP-O; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; SEX WORKERS; TYPE-1; ABIDJAN; INFECTION; AFRICA; QUANTIFICATION AB Limited data exist on the distribution of HIV-I subtypes in Cote d'Ivoire. The aim of this study is to describe the distribution of genetic subtypes of HIV-I strains in six regions of Cote d'Ivoire, In 1997, we consecutively collected blood from 172 HIV-l-infected patients from six regional tuberculosis treatment centers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these people were analyzed by a restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) assay that involves a sequential endonuclease digestion of a 297-base pair polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment; plasma samples were tested by a V3-loop peptide enzyme immunoassay (PEIA). DNA sequencing of the protease or env genes was performed on all samples discordant in the two assays as well as a random sample of the concordant subtyped samples. Of 172 specimens, 3 were PCR-negative, and 169 were putatively classified as subtype A by RFLP. The 3 PCR-negative samples were unequivocally subtyped A by PEIA. Of the 169 RFLP subtype A samples, 159 (94%) were subtyped A by PEIA. Of the 10 discordant samples, PEIA testing classified 3 as subtype C, 2 as D, and 5 as F. Sequencing of the env gene classified these samples as 1 subtype At 4 Ds, and 5 Gs. Thus, 163 (95%) of the specimens were subtype A, 3 subtype D, 3 subtype G, 1 A/D, and 1 A/G (IbNG) circulating recombinant forms (CRF). In conclusion, most HIV-1-infected tuberculosis patients throughout the interior of Gate d'Ivoire are infected with HIV-1 subtype A, which are very likely the A/G (IbNG) CRF. The uniform distribution of this subtype makes Cote d'Ivoire a potential site fur vaccine trials. C1 Virol Lab, Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Res Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl AIDS STD TB Control Program, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Virol Lab, Projet RETRO CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 23 IS 5 BP 430 EP 436 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 324CD UT WOS:000087603500010 PM 10866237 ER PT J AU Igietseme, JU Ananaba, GA Bolier, J Bowers, S Moore, T Belay, T Eko, FO Lyn, D Black, CM AF Igietseme, JU Ananaba, GA Bolier, J Bowers, S Moore, T Belay, T Eko, FO Lyn, D Black, CM TI Suppression of endogenous IL-10 gene expression in dendritic cells enhances antigen presentation for specific Th1 induction: Potential for cellular vaccine development SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; GENITAL-TRACT INFECTION; CD4(+) T-CELLS; MOUSE PNEUMONITIS; PRESENTING CELLS; DEFICIENT MICE; KNOCKOUT MICE; IFN-GAMMA; PROTECTION; RESPONSES AB A new paradigm for designing vaccines against certain microbial pathogens, including Chlamydia trachomatis, is based on the induction of local mucosal Th1 response. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that exerts negative immunoregulatory influence on Th1 response. This study investigated whether biochemical modulation of endogenous IL-10 expression at the level of APCs is a practical strategy for enhancing the specific Th1 response against pathogens controlled by Th1 immunity. The results revealed that the high resistance of genetically engineered IL-10(-/-) (IL-10KO) mice to genital chlamydial infection is a function of the predilection of their APCs to rapidly and preferentially activate a high Th1 response. Thus, in microbiological analysis, IL-10KO mice suffered a shorter duration of infection, less microbial burden, and limited ascending infection than immunocompetent wild-type mice. Also, IL-10KO were resistant to reinfection after 8 wk of the primary infection. Cellular and molecular immunologic evaluation indicated that IL-10KO mice induced greater frequency of chlamydial-specific Th1 response following C. trachomatis infection. Moreover, IL-10KO APCs or antisense IL-10 oligonucleotide-treated wild-type APCs were potent activators of Th1 response from naive or immune T cells. Furthermore, both Ag-pulsed dendritic cells from IL-10KO mice and IL-10 antisense-treated dendritic cells from wild-type mice were efficient cellular vaccines in adoptive immunotherapeutic vaccination against genital chlamydial infection. These findings may furnish a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for boosting the Th1 response against T cell-controlled pathogens and tumors, using IL-10-deficient APCs as vaccine delivery agents. The Journal of Immunology 2000, 164: 4212-4219. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Spelman Coll, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Igietseme, JU (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI41231]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08248] NR 54 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 164 IS 8 BP 4212 EP 4219 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 303GZ UT WOS:000086415300037 PM 10754317 ER PT J AU Doherty, MC Garfein, RS Monterroso, E Brown, D Vlahov, D AF Doherty, MC Garfein, RS Monterroso, E Brown, D Vlahov, D TI Correlates of HIV infection among young adult short-term injection drug users SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; injection drug users; intravenous; substance abuse; prevention; epidemiology ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; RISK-FACTORS; COCAINE USE; HEPATITIS-B; CRACK; TRANSMISSION; TRENDS; SEROCONVERSION; PREVALENCE AB Objectives: To identify risks associated with HIV infection among young adult shortterm injection drug users. Methods: Current injection drug users, between 18 and 29 years of age, were recruited through street outreach to participate in a cross-sectional survey of HIV prevalence by circumstances of drug injection initiation, HIV-related risk behaviors, and a follow-up to estimate HIV incidence. Results: At enrollment, 33 (14.4%) of 229 participants were HIV-seropositive. Significant bivariate associations with HIV at the time injection drug use was initiated included age less than or equal to 18 years, having receptive anal sex with the person who assisted with initiation, and having two or more 'trainers' before being able to self-inject. injecting risks positively associated with HIV included cocaine or speedball (heroin and cocaine together) injection versus heroin or amphetamine injection, injecting five or more times per day, daily crack smoking, backloading, sharing needles at peak drug use, and not using a new needle for every injection. Sexual practices associated with HIV included reporting > 100 lifetime sex partners, a history of sexual assault, being gay or bisexual, and trading sex for money or drugs after starting to inject. In a multivariate model, trading anal sex for money or drugs after initiating injection drug use [odds ratio (OR), 14.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2-62.3], cocaine/speedball injection (OR, 10.3; 95% CI, 2.2-47.9), daily crack smoking (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.7-10.5), and having two or more trainers (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-5.9) were independently associated with HIV. During 12 months of follow-up, four persons seroconverted for HIV (annual incidence: 2.6%; 95% CI, 1.1-5.9%) Conclusions: Among short-term injectors, both sexual and injecting practices were important predictors of HIV infection, indicating that a proportion of HIV infections among young injection drug users can be attributed to sexual transmission. The incidence rate for HIV infection suggests that immediate steps should be taken to prevent new infections among young injection drug users. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Program Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vlahov, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Program Infect Dis, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA04334, F31 DA05556-02] NR 34 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 4 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR 14 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 BP 717 EP 726 DI 10.1097/00002030-200004140-00011 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 307XH UT WOS:000086679100011 PM 10807195 ER PT J AU Fonjungo, PN Dash, BC Mpoudi, EN Torimiro, JN Alemnji, GA Eno, LT Nkengasong, J Rayfield, M Folks, TM Pieniazek, D Lal, RB AF Fonjungo, PN Dash, BC Mpoudi, EN Torimiro, JN Alemnji, GA Eno, LT Nkengasong, J Rayfield, M Folks, TM Pieniazek, D Lal, RB TI Molecular screening for HIV-1 group N and simian immunodeficiency virus cpz-like virus infections in Cameroon SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID GROUP-O; AFRICA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Act Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS TB STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hop Mil Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon. Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Fonjungo, PN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR 14 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 BP 750 EP 752 DI 10.1097/00002030-200004140-00018 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 307XH UT WOS:000086679100018 PM 10807202 ER PT J AU Berry, RJ Gindler, J Botto, L AF Berry, RJ Gindler, J Botto, L TI Neural-tube defects. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Berry, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 13 PY 2000 VL 342 IS 15 BP 1136 EP 1137 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 303DZ UT WOS:000086406700016 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Erickson, JD Mulinare, J AF Botto, LD Erickson, JD Mulinare, J TI Neural-tube defects. Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 13 PY 2000 VL 342 IS 15 BP 1136 EP 1136 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 303DZ UT WOS:000086406700015 ER PT J AU Shallow, S Samuel, M McNees, A Rothrock, G Vugia, D Fiorentino, T Marcus, R Kazi, G Mshar, P Carter, M Hadler, J Farley, M Desai, S Segler, S Lance-Parker, S Blake, P Pass, M Karchmer, T Gregg, C Steiner, C Carter, M Henning, K Razeq, J Glenn, A Smith, K Bender, J Besser, J Soderlund, D Moore, K Morse, D Smith, P Cassidy, M McGivern, T Lorber, E Shiferaw, B Cieslak, P Fleming, D AF Shallow, S Samuel, M McNees, A Rothrock, G Vugia, D Fiorentino, T Marcus, R Kazi, G Mshar, P Carter, M Hadler, J Farley, M Desai, S Segler, S Lance-Parker, S Blake, P Pass, M Karchmer, T Gregg, C Steiner, C Carter, M Henning, K Razeq, J Glenn, A Smith, K Bender, J Besser, J Soderlund, D Moore, K Morse, D Smith, P Cassidy, M McGivern, T Lorber, E Shiferaw, B Cieslak, P Fleming, D CA CDC TI Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of foodborne illnesses - Selected sites, United States, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 201, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Connecticut State Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Minnesota Dept Publ Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shallow, S (reprint author), Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 12 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 14 BP 1818 EP 1819 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 300HY UT WOS:000086248600011 ER PT J AU Langvardt, D Pezzino, G Mayer, M Miller, C Weston, J Allensworth, C Raymond, R Jones, RC AF Langvardt, D Pezzino, G Mayer, M Miller, C Weston, J Allensworth, C Raymond, R Jones, RC CA CDC TI Rubella among Hispanic adults - Kansas, 1998, and Nebraska, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 225, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Topeka, KS 66612 USA. Douglas Cty Hlth Dept, Omaha, NE USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Vaccine Safety & Dev Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div,Natl Immunizat Progr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Measles Virus Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Langvardt, D (reprint author), Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Topeka, KS 66612 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 12 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 14 BP 1819 EP 1820 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 300HY UT WOS:000086248600012 ER PT J AU Yusuf, HR Akhter, HH Rahman, MH Chowdhury, MEEK Rochat, RW AF Yusuf, HR Akhter, HH Rahman, MH Chowdhury, MEEK Rochat, RW TI Injury-related deaths among women aged 10-50 years in Bangladesh, 1996-97 SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID RURAL BANGLADESH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DELHI; INDIA AB Background Few studies have examined injury-related deaths among women in Bangladesh. We did a case-finding study to identify causes and the impact of intentional and unintentional injury-related deaths among women aged 10-50 years in Bangladesh. Methods Between 1996 and 1997, health care and other service providers at 4751 health facilities throughout Bangladesh were interviewed about their knowledge of deaths among women aged 10-50 years. In addition, at all public facilities providing inpatient service. medical records of women who died during the study period were reviewed. The reported circumstances surrounding each death were carefully reviewed to attribute the most likely cause of death. Findings 28 998 deaths among women aged 10-50 years were identified in our study, and, of these, 6610 (23%) were thought to be caused by intentional or unintentional injuries. About half (3317) of the injury deaths were attributable to suicide, 352 (5%) to homicide, 1100 (17%) to accidental injuries, and the intent was unknown for 1841 (28%) deaths. The unadjusted rate of suicides were higher in the Khulna administrative division (27.0 per 100 000) than the other four administrative divisions of Bangladesh (range 3.5-11.3 per 100 000). Poisoning (n=3971) was the commonest cause of injury-related death-60% of all injury deaths (6610) and 14% of all deaths (28 998). Other common causes of injury deaths in order of frequency were hanging or suffocation, road traffic accidents, bums, drowning, physical assault, firearm or sharp instrument injury, and snake or animal bite. Interpretation Intentional and unintentional injuries are a major cause of death among women aged 10-50 years in Bangladesh. Strategies to reduce injury-related deaths among women need to be devised. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunisat Serv Div, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bangladesh Inst Res & Promot Essential & Reprod H, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yusuf, HR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunisat Serv Div, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 22 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 8 PY 2000 VL 355 IS 9211 BP 1220 EP 1224 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02088-2 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 303VX UT WOS:000086448000011 PM 10770304 ER PT J AU Shahan, TA Sorenson, WG Simpson, J Kefalides, NA Lewis, DM AF Shahan, TA Sorenson, WG Simpson, J Kefalides, NA Lewis, DM TI Tyrosine kinase activation in response to fungal spores is primarily dependent on endogenous reactive oxygen production in macrophages SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; MEMBRANE SKELETON; SUPEROXIDE; INFLAMMATION; ASSOCIATION; MESSENGERS; EXPRESSION AB Studies from our laboratory (Shahan, T. A., Sorenson, W. G., and Lewis, D. M. (1994) Environ. Res. 67, 98-104) demonstrated that spores from different fungal species differentially activate rat alveolar macrophages as detected by the measurement of superoxide anion and cytokine production (Shahan, T. A., Siegel, P. D., Sorenson, W. G,, Kuschner, W. G., and Lewis, D. M. (1998) Am. J. Respir. Cell MoL Biol. 18, 435-441). Spores from Aspergillus candidus stimulated production of the highest levels of superoxide anion (5.2 nmol/1.0 x 10(6) alveolar macrophages (AMs)/30 min), followed by those from Aspergillus niger (2.4 nmol/1.0 x 10(6) AMs/30 min) and Eurotium amstelodami (0.4 nmol/1.0 x 10(6) AMs/30 min). The mechanism of this differential activation was studied. Our data demonstrate that the tyrosine kinases p56(Hck) p72(Syk), p77(Btk), p62(Yes), p56(Lck), and p59(Fyn) mere specifically activated in response to spores from A. candidus, whereas spores from either A. niger or E. amstelodami activated p56(Hck), p72(Syk), and p77(Btk). Kinetic analysis of specific tyrosine kinases demonstrated that p56(Hck) p72(Syk), and p77(Btk) were activated faster and to a greater extent by spores from A. candidus as compared with spores from E. amstelodami, These data suggest a relationship between reactive oxygen species and tyrosine kinase activation. Treatment of AMs with H2O2 (1 mM) caused the activation of p72(Syk) only, whereas treatment with superoxide dismutase and catalase before treatment with the spores had no effect on tyrosine kinase activation, Incubation with NADPH oxidase inhibitors inhibited both superoxide anion production and the activation of p56(Hck), p72(Syk), and p77(Btk) in response to fungal spores. These data indicate that endogenous reactive oxygen species are necessary for the activation of p56(Hck), P72(Syk), and p77(Btk) by spores; they also indicate that some species of spores are capable of activating tyrosine kinases independent of superoxide anion. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Assessment Sect, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ City Sci Ctr, Connect Tissue Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Shahan, TA (reprint author), Univ Penn, Connect Tissue Res Inst, 3624 Market St,Suite 5-E, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2000 VL 275 IS 14 BP 10175 EP 10181 DI 10.1074/jbc.275.14.10175 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 302BT UT WOS:000086345600042 PM 10744701 ER PT J AU Robertson, DL Anderson, JP Bradac, JA Carr, JK Foley, B Funkhouser, RK Gao, F Hahn, BH Kalish, ML Kuiken, C Learn, GH Leitner, T McCutchan, F Osmanov, S Peeters, M Pieniazek, D Salminen, M Sharp, PM Wolinsky, S Korber, B AF Robertson, DL Anderson, JP Bradac, JA Carr, JK Foley, B Funkhouser, RK Gao, F Hahn, BH Kalish, ML Kuiken, C Learn, GH Leitner, T McCutchan, F Osmanov, S Peeters, M Pieniazek, D Salminen, M Sharp, PM Wolinsky, S Korber, B TI HIV-1 nomenclature proposal SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID AFRICAN ORIGIN; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; THAILAND; ISOLATE C1 Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Solna, Sweden. UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. IRD, Montpellier, France. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Nottingham, Inst Genet, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. RP Robertson, DL (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. RI Wolinsky, Steven/B-2893-2012; Sharp, Paul/F-5783-2010; Learn, Gerald/B-6934-2011; Salminen, Mika/D-8784-2013 OI Sharp, Paul/0000-0001-9771-543X; Salminen, Mika/0000-0003-3020-0866 NR 10 TC 530 Z9 549 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 7 PY 2000 VL 288 IS 5463 BP 55 EP 57 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 302VT UT WOS:000086387700021 PM 10766634 ER PT J CA CDC TI Update: Influenza activity - United States, 1999-2000 season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 173-177, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review C1 CDC, Surveillance Syst Branch, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Mortal Stat Branch, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Surveillance Syst Branch, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 5 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 13 BP 1681 EP 1682 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 298BK UT WOS:000086119300013 ER PT J CA CDC TI Developing and expanding contributions of the global laboratory network for poliomyelitis eradication, 1997-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 156-160, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review C1 CDC, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Vaccines & Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP WHO, Vaccines & Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 5 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 13 BP 1683 EP 1684 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 298BK UT WOS:000086119300014 ER PT J AU Tinker, TL Collins, CM King, HS Hoover, MD AF Tinker, TL Collins, CM King, HS Hoover, MD TI Assessing risk communication effectiveness: perspectives of agency practitioners SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE risk communication; public health agencies; public health intervention; consultation; evaluation AB A study conducted by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), a US public health agency, evaluated ATSDR's risk communication process, specifically the roles and responsibilities, planning, implementation, and coordination of activities in response to illegal indoor spraying of methyl parathion, a hazardous pesticide, in Pascagoula, MS, Interviews of staff members involved in the intervention were conducted and an analysis revealed strengths and areas in need of improvement in the design and implementation of risk communication strategies, Key recommendations included developing a clear strategy for planning and conducting communication activities; determining staff roles and responsibilities for coordination; and developing clear and consistent health messages, a dissemination strategy, and training in the delivery and evaluation of messages, effects, and outcomes, (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Commun & Res Branch, Div Hlth Educ & Promot, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. LeMoyne Owen Coll, Memphis, TN USA. RP Tinker, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Commun & Res Branch, Div Hlth Educ & Promot, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASPEN LAW & BUSINESS DIV ASPEN PUBLISHERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 1185 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD APR 3 PY 2000 VL 73 IS 2 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(99)00131-4 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294KY UT WOS:000085911500002 PM 10708888 ER PT J AU Shahangian, S Cohn, RD AF Shahangian, S Cohn, RD TI Variability of laboratory test results SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 27, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem DE variability of laboratory results; laboratory test imprecision; serum total cholesterol; serum potassium; audit sample; split specimen; hospital laboratories; physician office laboratories ID SERUM AB Variabilities of serum total cholesterol and potassium results provided to 11 medical clinics were assessed using an audit sample-split specimen design. This involved collection of 3 tubes of blood from each of 302 patients, with 1 split specimen divided into 3 audit samples: 1 was sent to the original participating laboratory another to a commercial referral laboratory, and the third to an academic referee laboratory. Two methods were used to assess variability of test results. Method 1 was based on result pairs corresponding to the split specimen and its corresponding audit sample. Method 2 was based on audit sample results only. The 2 methods provided comparable results for total cholesterol; the estimated coefficient of variation was 1.0% to 3.7%. However; method 1 consistently provided higher estimates of variability for potassium; the estimated SD was 0.096 to 0.168 mmol/L for method 1, while it was 0.035 to 0.090 mmol/L for method 2. Method 1 is more practical, but method 2 can provide a more accurate assessment of analytic variability. C1 CDC, Lab Practice Assessment Branch, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Pract Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Analyt Sci Inc, Stat & Publ Hlth Res Div, Durham, NC USA. RP Shahangian, S (reprint author), CDC, Lab Practice Assessment Branch, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Pract Program Off, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop G-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 113 IS 4 BP 521 EP 527 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 299AG UT WOS:000086173200007 PM 10761453 ER PT J AU Chen, GX Johnston, JJ Alterman, T Burnett, C Steenland, K Stern, F Halperin, W AF Chen, GX Johnston, JJ Alterman, T Burnett, C Steenland, K Stern, F Halperin, W TI Expanded analysis of injury mortality among unionized construction workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE construction; proportionate mortality rate; fatal injury; occupation; epidemiology ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY; INDUSTRY AB Background To evaluate the utility of expanding the number and precision of injury categories used in previous occupational mortality studies, this study reanalyzed data from four previous studies of unionized construction workers (construction laborers, ironworkers, sheet metal workers, and operating engineers), by expanding the number of injury categories from 6 to 33. Methods Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were computed using the distribution of deaths from the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance System, a mortality surveillance system from 28 states, as a comparison. A blue collar comparison group was also used in additional analyses to adjust for socioeconomic and other factors. Results This reanalysis identified significantly elevated PMRs in at least one of the four worker groups for falls, motor vehicle crashes, machinery incidents, electrocutions, being struck by falling objects, being struck by flying objects, explosions, suffocation, and water transport incidents. Limiting the comparison population to deaths among blue collar workers did not change the results substantially. Conclusion This study demonstrates that increasing the precision of categories of death from injury routinely used in mortality studies will provide improved information to guide prevention. Am. J. Ind. Med. 37:364-373, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Chen, GX (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop P-1133,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. OI Alterman, Toni/0000-0003-1512-4367 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 37 IS 4 BP 364 EP 373 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(200004)37:4<364::AID-AJIM6>3.0.CO;2-E PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 289NT UT WOS:000085629400006 PM 10706748 ER PT J AU Murphy, CL McLaws, ML AF Murphy, CL McLaws, ML TI Australian Infection Control Association members' use of skills and resources that promote evidence-based infection control SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID WORLD-WIDE-WEB; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; CONTROL PROFESSIONALS; PROSPECTIVE PAYMENT; NURSING PRACTICE; SURVEILLANCE; SYSTEM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HOSPITALS; INFORMATION AB Background: To adopt an evidence-based approach. professionals must be able to access, identify, interpret, and critically appraise best evidence. Critical appraisal requires essential skills, such as computer literacy and an understanding of research principles. These skills also are required for professionals to contribute to evidence. Methods: In 1996. members of the Australian Infection Control Association were surveyed to establish a profile including the extent to which they were reading infection control publications, using specific documents for policy and guideline development, developing and undertaking research, publishing research, and using computers. The relationships between demographics, computer use, and research activity were examined. Results: The response rate was 63.4% (630/993). The study group comprised mostly women (96.1%), and most (66.4%) were older than 40 years of age. Median infection control experience was 4 years (mean, 5.4 years; range, <12 months to 35 years). When developing guidelines and policies (92.7%. 584/630), infection control professionals reviewed State Health Department Infection Control Guidelines and Regulations. Research relating to infection control was undertaken by 21.5% (135/628) of the sample, and 27.6% (37/134) of this group published their research findings. Of the respondents (51.1%; 318/622) who used a computer to undertake infection control tasks, the majority (89.0%) used a personal computer for word processing. Conclusion: Regardless of infection control experience, Australian infection control professionals must be adequately prepared to contribute to, access, appraise. and where appropriate, apply best evidence to their practice. We suggest that computer literacy, an understanding of research principles, and familiarity with infection control literature are three essential skills that infection control professionals must possess and regularly exercise. C1 New S Wales Hlth Dept, N Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Murphy, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Programs, Mail Stop A-07,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD APR PY 2000 VL 28 IS 2 BP 116 EP 122 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 304YA UT WOS:000086511200002 PM 10760219 ER PT J AU Sleet, DA Jones, BH Amoroso, PJ AF Sleet, DA Jones, BH Amoroso, PJ TI Military injuries and public health - An introduction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USA, Res Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA USA. RP Sleet, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford High NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 SU S BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00105-7 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 298HL UT WOS:000086133200001 PM 10736533 ER PT J AU Jones, BH Hansen, BC AF Jones, BH Hansen, BC TI An armed forces epidemiological board evaluation of injuries in the military SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURVEILLANCE C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Jones, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Hansen, Barbara/J-8723-2012 OI Hansen, Barbara/0000-0001-9646-3525 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 SU S BP 14 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00170-1 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 298HL UT WOS:000086133200005 PM 10736537 ER PT J AU Powell, KE Fingerhut, LA Branche, CM Perrotta, DM AF Powell, KE Fingerhut, LA Branche, CM Perrotta, DM TI Deaths due to injury in the military SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE wounds and injuries; suicide; homicide; accident prevention; military personnel; military medicine AB Introduction: More military personnel die of injuries each year than any other cause. This paper provides a basic epidemiologic description of injury deaths in the military. Methods: Using fatality data from the Department of Defense Directorate of Information and Operations Reports and population data from the Defense Manpower Data Center, death rates of men and women in the military services for unintentional injury, suicide, homicide, and illness were calculated for the 1980-1992 period. Results: From 1980 to 1992, injuries (unintentional injuries, suicides, and homicides combined) accounted for 81% of all nonhostile deaths among active duty personnel in the Armed Services. The overall death rate due to unintentional injuries was 62.3 per 100,000 person-years. The suicide rate was 12.5, the homicide rate 5.0, and the death rate due to illness 18.4. From 1980 to 1992 mortality from unintentional injuries declined about 4% per year. The rates for suicide and homicide were stable. Men in the services die from unintentional injuries at about 2.5 times the rate of women and from suicides at about twice the rate of women. Women in the military, however, have a slightly higher homicide rate than men. Conclusion: Injuries (unintentional injuries, suicides, and homicides) are the leading cause of death among active duty members of the U.S. Armed Forces, accounting for about four out of five deaths. The downward trend for fatal unintentional injuries indicates the success that can be achieved when attention is focused on preventing injuries. Further reduction in injury mortality would be facilitated if collection and coding of data were standardized across the military services. (C) 2000 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Natl Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Austin, TX USA. RP Powell, KE (reprint author), Chron Dis Injury & Environm Epidemiol Unit, Suite 14-392,2 Peachtree St NW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 10 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 SU S BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00172-5 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 298HL UT WOS:000086133200006 PM 10736538 ER PT J AU Smith, GS Dannenberg, AL Amoroso, PJ AF Smith, GS Dannenberg, AL Amoroso, PJ TI Hospitalization due to injuries in the military - Evaluation of current data and recommendations on their use for injury prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE wounds and injuries; hospitalization; military personnel; patient discharge; population surveillance; military medicine ID EXERCISE-RELATED INJURIES; RISK-FACTORS; PERSONNEL; ACCURACY; WOMEN AB Introduction: Injuries inflict the largest health impact on military populations in terms of hospitalization. Hospitalized injuries result in the largest direct costs of medical care and the most lost workdays, include the largest proportion of disabling injuries, and have the largest impact on troop readiness. Efforts are now beginning to focus on how injury surveillance data can be used to reduce the burden of injuries, This article examines the value of administrative hospital discharge databases in the military for routine injury surveillance, as well as investigation of specific injury problems, including musculoskeletal conditions that are frequently sequelae of old injuries. Methods: Data on hospitalizations for injuries and musculoskeletal conditions were obtained from separate administrative agencies for the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Since 1989, a Standard Inpatient Data Record (SIDR) has been used to ensure uniformity in data collection across the services utilizing standard ICD-9 codes. Cause of injury was coded using special military cause codes (STANAG codes) developed by NATO. Data were analyzed on both nature and cause of injury. Denominator data on troop strength were obtained from the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC). Results: Hospital records data indicate that injuries and musculoskeletal conditions have a bigger impact on the health of service members and military/combat readiness than any other ICD-9 Principal Diagnostic Group (higher incidence and higher noneffective rate or days not available for duty). Hospitalization rates for injury appeared to decline for all services from 1980 to 1992. In 1992, service-specific injury hospitalization rates per 1000 person-years were 15.6 for the Army, 8.3 for the Navy (enlisted only), and 7.7 for the Air Force, while die corresponding hospitalization rate for musculoskeletal conditions was higher in all three services: 28.1, 9.7, and 12.0, respectively. Conclusions: Military hospital discharge databases are an important source of information on severe injuries and are more comprehensive than civilian databases. They include detailed injury information that can be useful for injury prevention acid surveillance purposes. Specifically, it can be used to identify high-risk groups or hazards for targeting prevention resources. These may vary widely by service, rank, and job tasks. Hospital discharge data can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for reducing injury rates. Recommendations were submitted to further improve data collection and the use of hospital data for research and injury prevention. (C) 2000 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. USA, Res Inst Epidemiol Med, Natick, MA USA. RP Smith, GS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. OI Smith, Gordon/0000-0002-2911-3071 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R29AA07700] NR 39 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 SU S BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00171-3 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 298HL UT WOS:000086133200008 PM 10736540 ER PT J AU Jones, BH Perrotta, DM Canham-Chervak, ML Nee, MA Brundage, JF AF Jones, BH Perrotta, DM Canham-Chervak, ML Nee, MA Brundage, JF TI Injuries in the military - A review and commentary focused on prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE military personnel; wounds and injuries; accident prevention; population surveillance; military medicine; injury prevention ID UNITED-STATES; INFANTRY SOLDIERS; ATHLETIC INJURIES; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; SURVEILLANCE; ARMY; FLEXIBILITY; EXERCISE; STRENGTH AB Background: In November 1996, the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board (AFEB) Injury Prevention and Control Work Group issued a report that cited injuries as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among military service members. This article reviews the types and categories of military morbidity and mortality data examined by the AFEB work group and the companion Department of Defense (DoD) Injury Surveillance and Prevention Work Group. This article further uses the injury data reviewed to illustrate the role of surveillance and research in injury prevention. The review provides the context for discussion of the implications of the AFEB work group's findings for the prevention of injuries in the military. Methods: The AFEB work group consisted of 11 civilian injury epidemiologists, health professionals and scientists from academia, and other non-DoD government agencies, plus six military liaison officers. Injury data from medical databases were provided to the civilian experts on the AFEB work group by the all-military DoD Injury Surveillance and Prevention Work Group. The AFEB work group assessed the value of each database to the process of prevention and made recommendations for improvement and use of each data source. Results: Both work groups found that injuries were the single leading cause of deaths, disabilities, hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and manpower losses among military service members. They also identified numerous data sources useful for determining the causes and risk factors for injuries. Those data sources indicate that training injuries, sports, falls, and motor vehicle crashes are among the most important causes of morbidity for military personnel. Conclusions: While the work group recommends ways to prevent injuries, they felt the top priority for injury prevention must be the formation of a comprehensive medical surveillance system. Data front this surveillance system must be used routinely to prioritize and monitor injury and disease prevention and research programs. The success of injury prevention will depend not just on use of surveillance but also partner ships among the medical, surveillance, and safety agencies of the military services as well as the military commanders, other decision makers, and service members whose direct actions can prevent injuries and disease. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Military Med, Rockville, MD USA. RP Jones, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 50 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 SU S BP 71 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00169-5 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 298HL UT WOS:000086133200011 PM 10736543 ER PT J AU Amoroso, PJ Bell, NS Smith, GS Senier, L Pickett, D AF Amoroso, PJ Bell, NS Smith, GS Senier, L Pickett, D TI Viewpoint: A comparison of cause-of-injury coding US military and civilian hospitals SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hospital records; military personnel; military medicine; emergency service; medical records; population surveillance; epidemiology; wounds and injuries AB Introduction: Complete and accurate coding of injury causes is essential to the understanding of injury etiology and to the development and evaluation of injury-prevention strategies. While civilian hospitals use ICD-9-CM external cause-of-injury codes, military hospitals use codes derived from the NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 2050. Discussion: The STANAG uses two separate variables to code injury cause. The Trauma code uses a single digit with 10 possible values to identify the general class of injury as battle injury, intentionally inflicted nonbattle injury, or unintentional injury. The Injury code is used to identify cause or activity at the time of the injury. For a subset of the Injury codes, the last digit is modified to indicate place of occurrence. This simple system contains fewer than 300 basic codes, including many that are specific to battle- and sports-related injuries not coded well by either the ICD-9-CM or the draft ICD-10-CM. However, while falls, poisonings, and injuries due to machinery and tools are common causes of injury hospitalizations in the military, few STANAG codes correspond to these events. Intentional injuries in general and sexual assaults in particular are also not well represented in the STANAG. Because the STANAG does not map directly to the ICD-9-CM system, quantitative comparisons between military and civilian data are difficult. Conclusions: The ICD-10-CM, which will be implemented in the United States sometime after 2001, expands considerably on its predecessor, ICD-9-CM, and provides more specificity and detail than the STANAG. With slight modification, it might become a suitable replacement for the STANAG. (C) 2000 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. SSDS Inc, Natick, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Amoroso, PJ (reprint author), 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 SU S BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00176-2 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 298HL UT WOS:000086133200021 PM 10736553 ER PT J AU Halverson, PK Mays, GP Rimer, BK Lerman, C Audrain, J Kaluzny, AD AF Halverson, PK Mays, GP Rimer, BK Lerman, C Audrain, J Kaluzny, AD TI Adoption of a health education intervention for family members of breast cancer patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE breast neoplasms; counseling; family; health education ID RISK; PREVENTION; TRIAL AB Background: Relatives of breast cancer patients often face substantial uncertainty and psychological stress regarding their own health risks and optimal strategies for prevention and early detection. Efficacious educational and counseling interventions are rarely evaluated for their potential adoption and use in medical practice settings. This study evaluates a health education program for first-degree relatives of breast cancer patients based on the program's potential for being adopted and used by medical practices affiliated with cancer centers. Methods: A randomized, controlled trial was implemented in four community hospital-based medical practices. After 9 months, clinical and administrative staff at each practice were given self-administered surveys. Of 90 staff members recruited to respond, useable responses were received from 60 (67%), including 13 physicians (31%), 43 nurses (98%), and four program managers (100%). Participants made self-reports of program awareness, program support, perceived program performance, likelihood of program adoption and use, and barriers to adoption. Results: A strong majority of respondents (80%) reported that all or most staff agreed with the need for the program. Perceived program performance in meeting goals was generally favorable but varied across sites and across staff types. Overall, 56% of respondents indicated that their practices were likely or highly likely to adopt the program in full. The likelihood of adoption varied substantially across sites and across program components. Conclusions: Evaluating the potential for program adoption offers insight for tailoring preventive health interventions and their implementation strategies to improve diffusion in the field of practice. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, Civ Canc Control & Populat Sci, Rockville, MD USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Lombardi Canc Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ N Carolina, Cecil G Sheps Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Mays, GP (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, 180 Longwood Dr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00163-4 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 296UL UT WOS:000086044700001 PM 10722984 ER PT J AU Wortley, PM Metler, RP Hu, DJ Fleming, PL AF Wortley, PM Metler, RP Hu, DJ Fleming, PL TI AIDS among Asians and Pacific Islanders in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; ethnic groups ID SAN-FRANCISCO; AMERICAN MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; HIV RISK; BEHAVIOR; STUDENTS; TRENDS; GENDER; GAY; SEX AB Objective: To characterize Asians and Pacific Islanders in the United States with reported acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods: AIDS surveillance data reported through June 1998 were analyzed. Characteristics of cumulative case patients, rates of AIDS incidence in 1996 through 1997, and trends fi om 1982 through 1996 were analyzed. Results: Through December 1998, 4,928 Asian and Pacific Islander adults and 46 Asian and Pacific Islander children with AIDS were reported in the United States. Of the card cases, 89% were in men. and 79% of those were in men who have sex with men (MSM). Five states, which account for 63% of the Asian and Pacific Islander population in the United States, reported 78% of the cases: California (45%), Hawaii (12%), New York (15%), Texas (3%), and Washington (3%). Of the 92% of Asian and Pacific Islander patients with country of birth information, 59% were foreign-born, a percentage that corresponds to the distribution in the general population. The overall incidence rate per 100,000 for 1996 through 1997 was 12.8 (21.3 for men; 3.3 for women). The highest rate was in the Northeast (15.9), followed by the West (13.8), South (10.6), and Midwest (5.7). Tuberculosis, reported for 6% of Asians and Pacific Islanders, was higher among foreign-born than among U.S.-born Asians and Pacific Islanders (8% and 4%, respectively). Between 1982 and 1996, AIDS incidence among MSM increased and peaked in 1994. Among heterosexual contacts and injection drug users, incidence has increased but remained low. Conclusions: The AIDS epidemic among Asians and Pacific Islanders in the United States has primarily affected MSM and is concentrated in a few states where most Asians and Pacific Islanders reside. Prevention activities should include consideration of cultural diversity and an understanding of cultural norms regarding sexuality. Additional information on risk behaviors and seroprevalence among Asian and Pacific Islander MSM is needed to better guide prevention planning. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wortley, PM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 BP 208 EP 214 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00159-2 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 296UL UT WOS:000086044700003 PM 10722986 ER PT J AU Martin, LM Leff, M Calonge, N Garrett, C Nelson, DE AF Martin, LM Leff, M Calonge, N Garrett, C Nelson, DE TI Validation of self-reported chronic conditions and health services in a managed care population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE health surveys; sensitivity and specificity; population surveillance; chronic disease; mass screening ID RISK FACTOR SURVEY; PAP SMEAR; VALIDITY; ACCURACY; MAMMOGRAPHY; AWARENESS; WOMEN AB Background: Self-reported data are commonly used to estimate the prevalence of health conditions and the use of preventive health services in the population, but the validity of such data is often questioned. Methods: The Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (BRFS) was administered by telephone to a stratified, random sample of health maintenance organization (HMO) subscribers in Colorado in 1993, and self-reports were compared with HMO medical records for 599 adults aged >21. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for three chronic conditions and use of six preventive services. Results: Sensitivity was highest for hypertension (83%), moderate for diabetes (73%), and lowest for hypercholesterolemia (59%); specificity was >80% for all three conditions. Sensitivity ranged from 86% to 99% for influenza immunization, clinical breast examination, blood cholesterol screening, mammography, Pap test, and blood pressure screening; specificity was <75% for all preventive services. Conclusions: Self-reports are reasonably accurate for certain chronic conditions and for routine screening exams and can provide a useful estimate for broad measures of population prevalence. C1 Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Colorado Permenente Med Grp, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Martin, LM (reprint author), Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, 2 Peachtree St NW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 22 TC 297 Z9 301 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00158-0 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 296UL UT WOS:000086044700004 PM 10722987 ER PT J AU Brownson, RC Housemann, RA Brown, DR Jackson-Thompson, J King, AC Malone, BR Sallis, JF AF Brownson, RC Housemann, RA Brown, DR Jackson-Thompson, J King, AC Malone, BR Sallis, JF TI Promoting physical activity in rural communities - Walking trail access, use, and effects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE community; environmental change; exercise; health policy; physical activity; walking ID RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; EXERCISE; HEALTH; INTERVENTION; RELIABILITY; PREVENTION; REDUCTION; PROJECT; POLICY AB Introduction: Environmental and policy approaches to promote physical activity, such as walking trail construction and promotion, are being widely recommended, yet sparse data exist on their effectiveness. In conjunction with ongoing community-intervention projects in Missouri, walking trails are being built, promoted, and evaluated. Objectives include determining: (1) patterns and correlates of walking, (2) the availability of places to walk and perform other forms of physical activity, (3) the extent of walking trail use and possible effects on rates of physical activity, and (4) attitudes toward the trails and their uses. Methods: In 12 rural counties in Missouri we used a cross-sectional telephone survey to ask a population-based sample of residents aged >18 years (n = 1269) some standard and specially developed questions about walking behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes. Results: Only 19.5% of respondents were classified as regular walkers. About one third of respondents (36.5%) reported having access to walking trails in their area, and 50.3% reported having access to indoor facilities for exercise. Among persons with access to walking trails, 38.8% had used the trails. Groups who were more likely to have used the walking trails included women, persons with more education, those making $35,000 or more per year, and regular walkers. Among persons who had used the trails, 55.2% reported they had increased their amount of walking since they began using the trail. Women and persons with a high school education or less were more than twice as likely to have increased the amount of walking since they began using the walking trails. Conclusions: Walking trails may be beneficial in promoting physical activity among segments of the population at highest risk for inactivity, in particular women and persons in lower socioeconomic groups. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Missouri Dept Hlth, Div Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Columbia, MO USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Brownson, RC (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, 3663 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU710806, U58/CCU700950-14] NR 40 TC 181 Z9 183 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00165-8 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 296UL UT WOS:000086044700007 PM 10722990 ER PT J AU Villarino, ME Brennan, MJ Nolan, CM Catanzaro, A Lundergan, LL Bock, NN Jones, CL Wang, YC Burman, WJ AF Villarino, ME Brennan, MJ Nolan, CM Catanzaro, A Lundergan, LL Bock, NN Jones, CL Wang, YC Burman, WJ TI Comparison testing of current (PPD-SI) and proposed (PPD-S2) reference tuberculin standards SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SKIN-TEST AB Since 1951, the tuberculin PPD-S1 has been used to standardize commercial PPD reagents and perform special tuberculin surveys. PPD-S1 is now in short supply and a new standard (PPD-S2) has been manufactured. To determine if PPD-S2 is equivalent and can replace PPD-S1, we conducted a double-blind clinical trial. between May 14 and October 28, 1997, 69 subjects with a history of culture-proven tuberculosis (TB patients) and 1,189 subjects with a very low risk for TB infection were enrolled, received four skin tests (with PPD-S1, PPD-S2, and one each of the commercially available PPDs), and had reactions measured by two trained observers. Among the TB patients, we found statistically indistinguishable immunogenicity (mean reaction size +/- standard deviation): 15.6 +/- 6.6 mm for PPD-S1 and 14.8 +/- 5.6 mm for PPD-S2. Among low-risk subjects, the tests had equally high specificities (PPD-S1, 98.7% and PPD-S2 98.5%), using a 10-mm cutoff. The number of discordant (negative versus positive) interpretations for PPD-S2, assuming that low-risk subjects who had a greater than or equal to 10 mm reaction to PPD-S1 were truly infected, was low (0.5%) and indistinguishable from the rate of discordant interpretations of the same test when read by two different observers (0.8%). The study results indicate that PPD-S2 is qualified to be used as the new U.S. reference standard for PPD tuberculin. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Marion Cty Hlth Dept, Marion, IN 46953 USA. Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO 80201 USA. RP Villarino, ME (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 161 IS 4 BP 1167 EP 1171 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 306AF UT WOS:000086573400018 PM 10764307 ER PT J AU Monteiro, FA Wesson, DM Dotson, EM Schofield, CJ Beard, CB AF Monteiro, FA Wesson, DM Dotson, EM Schofield, CJ Beard, CB TI Phylogeny and molecular taxonomy of the Rhodniini derived from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CHAGAS-DISEASE; CENTRAL-AMERICA; R-ROBUSTUS; REDUVIIDAE; HEMIPTERA; PROLIXUS; VECTORS; TRIATOMINAE; BRAZIL; DIFFERENTIATION AB Eleven species of Rhodnius and one of Psammolestes were compared by DNA sequence analysis of fragments of the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA (mtlsurRNA), the mitochondrial cytochrome b (mtCytb), and the D2 variable region of the 28S nuclear RNA (D2), totaling 1,429 base pairs. The inferred phylogeny, using Triatoma infestans as an outgroup, revealed two main clades within the Rhodniini-one, including the prolixus group of species (Rhodnius prolixus, Rhodnius robustus, Rhodnius neglectus, and Rhodnius nasutus) together with Rhodnius domesticus and Rhodnius neivai, and the other comprising two groups formed by Rhodnius pictipes plus Rhodnius brethesi, and Rhodnius ecuadoriensis plus Rhodnius pallescens. Psammolestes tertius appeared most closely related to the prolixus group. The analysis strongly supports the validity of R. robustus as a species distinct from others of the prolixus group, but suggests higher genetic structuring of R. robustus populations compared to the other species. Although R. robustus has been found naturally infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, the fact that it is apparently entirely sylvatic and unable to establish in homes suggests that it is of no great importance as a Chagas disease vector in humans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1 E7HT, England. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Genet, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Beard, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 35 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP 460 EP 465 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 401TX UT WOS:000166945300008 PM 11220761 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Walduck, A Sullivan, JS Andrews, K Stowers, A Morris, CL Jennings, V Yang, CF Kendall, J Lin, QH Martin, LB Diggs, C Saul, A AF Collins, WE Walduck, A Sullivan, JS Andrews, K Stowers, A Morris, CL Jennings, V Yang, CF Kendall, J Lin, QH Martin, LB Diggs, C Saul, A TI Efficacy of vaccines containing rhoptry-associated proteins RAP1 and RAP2 of Plasmodium falciparum in Saimiri boliviensis monkeys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INHIBITORY MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MULTIPLE ANTIGEN CONSTRUCT; MEROZOITE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; AOTUS-NANCYMAI MONKEYS; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; OWL MONKEYS; IMMUNIZATION; ADJUVANT; IMMUNOGENICITY; EPITOPES AB A vaccine trial was conducted with rhoptry-associated proteins 1 and 2 (RAP1 and RAP2) of Plasmodium falciparum in Saimiri boliviensis monkeys to compare the ability of parasite-derived (PfRAP1 and 2) and recombinant proteins (rRAP1 and 2) to induce protective immune responses and to find adjuvants suitable for use in humans. Eight groups of 6 monkeys each were immunized with parasite-derived or recombinant RAP1 and 2 with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) followed by Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA), Montanide ISA720 adjuvant, or CRL1005 adjuvant. Recombinant RAP1 and RAP2 were also administered separately, with Montanide ISA720. After 3 immunizations, monkeys were challenged by iv inoculation of 50,000 parasites of the Uganda Pale Alto strain of P. falciparum. Of the animals vaccinated using FCA/FIA, I of 6 control monkeys, 3 of 6 immunized with PfRAP1 and 2, and 2 of 6 with rRAP1 and 2 did not require drug treatment. Of the monkeys vaccinated with Montanide ISA720 adjuvant, 0 of the 6 control monkeys, 2 of 6 immunized with RAP1 and 2, 1 of 6 immunized with rRAP1, and 4 of 6 immunized with RAP2 did not require drug treatment. Two of 6 monkeys immunized with PfRAP1 and 2 with CRL1005 did not require treatment. All groups receiving RAP1, RAP2, or both had a significant decrease in initial parasite multiplication rates and there was a significant negative correlation between anti-RAP2 antibody and multiplication rates. Animals were rechallenged with the homologous parasite 126 days after the first challenge. Of the monkeys that did not require drug treatment after the first challenge, none developed detectable parasitemia following rechallenge. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Queensland Inst Med Res, Commonwealth Res Council Vaccine Technol, Malaria & Arbovirus Unit, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. Queensland Inst Med Res, Australian Ctr Int Trop Hlth & Nutr, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Andrews, Katherine/F-9586-2011; Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013; Saul, Allan/I-6968-2013; Martin, Laura/N-1789-2013; OI Andrews, Katherine/0000-0002-1591-8979; Saul, Allan/0000-0003-0665-4091; Martin, Laura/0000-0002-4431-4381; Walduck, Anna/0000-0002-9624-4370 NR 38 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP 466 EP 479 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 401TX UT WOS:000166945300009 PM 11220762 ER PT J AU Bhatt, TR Crabtree, MB Guirakhoo, F Monath, TP Miller, BR AF Bhatt, TR Crabtree, MB Guirakhoo, F Monath, TP Miller, BR TI Growth characteristics of the chimeric Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine candidate, ChimeriVax (TM)-JE (YF/JE SAL4-14-2), in Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT; LIVE AB The Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus vaccine candidate, ChimeriVax(TM)-JE, which consists of a yellow fever (YF) 17D virus backbone containing the prM and E genes from the JE vaccine strain JE SA14-14-2, exhibits restricted replication in non-human primates, producing only a low-level viremia following peripheral inoculation. Although this reduces the likelihood that hematophagous insects could become infected by feeding on a vaccinated host, it is prudent to investigate the replication kinetics of the vaccine virus in mosquito species that are known to vector the viruses from which the chimera is derived. In this study ChimeriVax(TM)-JE virus was compared to its parent viruses, as well as to wild-type JE virus, for its ability to replicate in Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Individual mosquitoes were exposed to the viruses by oral ingestion of a virus-laden blood meal or by intrathoracic (IT) virus inoculation. ChimeriVax(TM)-JE virus did not replicate following ingestion by any of the three mosquito species. Additionally, replication was not detected after IT inoculation of ChimeriVax(TM)-JE in the primary JE virus vector, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. ChimeriVax(TM)-JE exhibited moderate growth following IT inoculation into Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, reaching titers of 3.6-5.0 log(10) PFU/mosquito. There was no change in the virus genotype associated with replication in mosquitoes. Similar results were observed in mosquitoes of all three species that were IT inoculated or had orally ingested the YF 17D vaccine virus. In contrast, all mosquitoes either IT inoculated with or orally fed wild-type and vaccine JE viruses became infected, reaching maximum titers of 5.4-7.3 log(10) PFU/mosquito. These results indicate that ChimeriVax(TM)-JE virus is restricted in its ability to infect and replicate in these mosquito vectors. The low viremia caused by ChimeriVax(TM)-JE in primates and poor infectivity for mosquitoes are safeguards against secondary spread of the vaccine virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OraVax Inc, Peptide Therapeut Plc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Miller, BR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 23 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP 480 EP 484 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 401TX UT WOS:000166945300010 PM 11220763 ER PT J AU Fernandez, J Balter, S Feris, J Gomez, E Garib, Z Castellanos, PL Sanchez, J Romero-Steiner, S Levine, OS AF Fernandez, J Balter, S Feris, J Gomez, E Garib, Z Castellanos, PL Sanchez, J Romero-Steiner, S Levine, OS TI Randomized trial of the immunogenicity of fractional dose regimens of PRP-T Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFANTS; POLYSACCHARIDE; INFECTIONS; MENINGITIS; DISEASE; ANTIBODIES; PREVENTION AB To assess the immunogenicity of more economical regimens of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine, a randomized trial of fractional doses of polyribosylribitol phosphate-tetanus toroid (PRP-T) Hib vaccine was undertaken in the Dominican Republic. Six hundred children were assigned to one of six regimens with PRP-T vaccine: full-dose, half-dose, and one-third-dose of Hib vaccine given separately or combined with diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccine at ages 2, 4, and 6 months. Regimens that elicited antibody levels > 1.0 mug/ mL in >70% of children and less than or equal to 0.15 mug/mL in > 90% of children were considered acceptable. At 1 month post Dose 3, all regimens met the criteria for acceptable response. Among those who received Hib as a separate injection, geometric mean concentrations of anti-PRP bodies (GMCs) at age 1 month post Dose 3 were 11.2, 11.9, and 16.3 in the full, half, and one-third dose groups, respectively. Among those who received Hib and DTP combined, the GMCs were 6.4, 5.2, and 5.7 in the full-, half-, and one-third-dose groups respectively. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. Clin Infantil Robert Reid Cabral, Dept Enfermedades Infecciosas, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Secretaria Estado Salud Publ & Asistenica Soc, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. RP Balter, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP 485 EP 490 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 401TX UT WOS:000166945300011 PM 11220764 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Fryauff, DJ Kendall, J Jennings, V Galland, GG Morris, CL AF Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Fryauff, DJ Kendall, J Jennings, V Galland, GG Morris, CL TI Adaptation of a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium vivax from Indonesia to New World monkeys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IRIAN-JAYA; IN-VIVO; FALCIPARUM; PROPHYLAXIS; PRIMAQUINE; MALARIA AB The spread of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia poses a serious health threat to areas of Southeast Asia where this species of malaria parasite is endemic. A strain of P. vivax from Indonesia was adapted to develop in splenectomized Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, Aotus vociferans, Aotus nancymai, and Saimiri boliviensis monkeys. Transmission to splenectomized Saimiri monkeys was obtained via sporozoites. Chemotherapeutic studies indicated that the strain was resistant to chloroquine and amodiaquine while sensitive to mefloquine. Infections of chloroquine-resistant P. vivax in New World monkeys should be useful for the development of alternative treatments. C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,Sci Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP 491 EP 495 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 401TX UT WOS:000166945300012 PM 11220765 ER PT J AU Schuetz, A Addiss, DG Eberhard, ML Lammie, PJ AF Schuetz, A Addiss, DG Eberhard, ML Lammie, PJ TI Short Report: Evaluation of the whole blood filariasis ICT test for short-term monitoring after antifilarial treatment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; IVERMECTIN; CLEARANCE AB The immunochromatographic (ICT) filariasis test is a rapid screening tool that will be useful for defining the prevalence and distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti as part of the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. To address questions about its usefulness for monitoring control programs, we used the ICT filariasis test to assess residual antigen levels following antifilarial treatment. Our results demonstrate that antigen levels persist in microfilaria-negative persons for up to three years after treatment. Different strategies for monitoring control programs may have to be considered. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schuetz, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, F13,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP 502 EP 503 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 401TX UT WOS:000166945300014 PM 11220767 ER PT J AU McElroy, PD ter Kuile, FO Lal, AA Bloland, PB Hawley, WA Oloo, AJ Monto, AS Meshnick, SR Nahlen, BL AF McElroy, PD ter Kuile, FO Lal, AA Bloland, PB Hawley, WA Oloo, AJ Monto, AS Meshnick, SR Nahlen, BL TI Effect of Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia density on hemoglobin concentrations among full-term, normal birth weight children in western Kenya, IV. The Asembo Bay Cohort Project SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PERENNIAL TRANSMISSION; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; AFRICAN CHILDREN; DRUG-RESISTANCE; SEVERE ANEMIA; AREA; MORBIDITY; INTENSE; LEVEL; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The relative importance of acute high-density versus persistent low-density Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia in contributing to the public health problem of malarial anemia remains unclear. The Asembo Bay Cohort Project in western Kenya collected monthly hemoglobin (Hb) and parasitologic measurements and biweekly assessments of antimalarial drug use among 942 singleton live births between 1992 and 1996. A mixed-model analysis appropriate for repeated measures data was used to study how time-varying parasitemia and antimalarial drug exposures influenced mean Hb profiles. Incidence of World Health Organization-defined severe malarial anemia was 28.1 per 1,000 person-years. Among children aged less than 24 months, concurrent parasitemia was significantly associated with lower mean Hb, especially when compared to children with no concurrent parasitemia. Increased densities of the 90-day history of parasitemia preceding Hb measurement was more strongly associated with mean Hb levels than concurrent parasitemia density. While the highest quartile of 90-day parasitemia history was associated with lowest mean Hb levels, children in the lowest 90-day exposure quartile still experienced significantly lower Hb levels when compared to children who remained parasitemia-free for the same 90-day period. The results highlight the importance of collecting and analyzing longitudinal Hb and parasitologic data when studying the natural history of malarial anemia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-12,4770 Buford Hwy, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP 504 EP 512 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 401TX UT WOS:000166945300015 PM 11220768 ER PT J AU Tongren, JE Yang, CF Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Lal, AA Xiao, LH AF Tongren, JE Yang, CF Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Lal, AA Xiao, LH TI Expression of proinflammatory cytokines in four regions of the brain in Macaque mulatta (rhesus) monkeys infected with Plasmodium coatneyi SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; PARASITIZED ERYTHROCYTES; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; SEQUESTRATION; PROTECTION; CEREBELLUM; PATHOLOGY; PROFILES; MICE AB We have characterized brain cytokine expression profiles in the Plasmodium coatneyi/rhesus (Macaque mulatta) malaria model. Eight rhesus monkeys were included in the study; four were infected with P. coatneyi, and four were used as uninfected controls. All inoculated animals became infected. Eleven days after parasite inoculation, the rhesus monkeys were killed and tissue samples from 4 regions of the brain (cortex and white matter of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and midbrain) were collected for quantitation of mRNA expression of cytokines, adhesion molecules, and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression levels of tumor necrosis actor-alpha (TNF-alpha), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-l-beta (IL-1 beta), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and inducible nitric oxide synethetase (iNOS) were highest in the cerebellum of infected animals, correlating well with pathologic observations of sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes in this region of the brain. Infected animals also had higher TNF-alpha expression levels in the cortex and IL-1 beta expression levels in the cortex, white matter, and midbrain. Thus, the expression of pro-inflammatory and T helper-1 (TH-1) cytokines, adhesion molecules, and iNOS appears to predominate in the cerebellum of infected rhesus monkeys. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Mail Stop F-122,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 25 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP 530 EP 534 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 401TX UT WOS:000166945300020 PM 11220773 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Gift, TL AF Chesson, HW Gift, TL TI The increasing marginal benefit of condom usage SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; condoms; sexually transmitted diseases ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; YOUNG GAY MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; SITUATIONAL FACTORS; SAN-FRANCISCO; HIV-INFECTION; UNPROTECTED INTERCOURSE; RISK-REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR AB PURPOSE: Condom use is promoted as a primary strategy for preventing sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This paper analyzes how incremental changes in condom compliance rates can affect an individual's risk of acquiring HIV. METHODS: We developed a simple mathematical model of HIV transmission in which the cumulative probability of HIV infection depended in part upon the percentage of acts in which a condom was used. We applied basic methods of calculus to differentiate tbe mathematical model with respect to the probability of condom usage. We applied values from published studies to the model to illustrate how the marginal benefits of condom usage vary across different populations. RESULTS: In general, the marginal benefit of condom usage increases as condom compliance increases. CONCLUSIONS: The marginal benefits of increased condom usage vary across different risk groups and across different levels of condom compliance. These results offer insight into th motivation behind the decision of whether or not to use condoms, and indicate possible ways to optimize the use of resources devoted to increasing condom usage by at-risk populations. Ann Epidemiol 1999;10:154-159. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(99)00053-8 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 313JG UT WOS:000086996100004 PM 10813508 ER PT J AU Caplan, LS Hall, HI Levine, RS Zhu, KM AF Caplan, LS Hall, HI Levine, RS Zhu, KM TI Preventable risk factors for nasal cancer SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE nasal cancer; Vietnam; smoking; selected cancers study ID PARANASAL SINUSES; SINONASAL CANCER; FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE; MAXILLARY SINUS; WOOD DUST; CAVITY; NOSE; OCCUPATION; NEOPLASMS; INDUSTRY AB PURPOSE: To determine preventable risk factors for cancers of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in the United States, we analyzed data from the population-based, case-control Selected Cancers Study. METHODS: Cases were men born between 1929 and 1953 who were diagnosed with primary nasal cancer between 1984 and 1988 and identified from population-based cancer registries; we narrowed the cohort to 70 subjects whose diagnosis of nasal cancer was confirmed by pathology review. All living controls interviewed for the Selected Cancers Study were included as the comparison group (n = 1910); they were recruited by random-digit dial telephone and were frequency-matched to the lymphoma cases of the Selected Cancers Study by geographic area and age. Both cases and controls were interviewed by telephone. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses showed that cases were 2.5 times more likely than controls to have smoked cigarettes [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-5.3], and 2.2 times more, likely to have worked in selected occupations, including lawn care, forestry, and maintenance of highway right-of-way areas (CI = 1.2-3.7). These occupations may cause workers to be exposed to pesticides or herbicides. The population attributable risk (PAR) was 53% for having ever smoked cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: The study results suggest that among U.S. men, some nasal cancer may be preventable by avoiding cigarette smoking. Ann Epidemiol 2000;10:186-191. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Meharry Med Coll, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. RP Caplan, LS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(99)00049-6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 313JG UT WOS:000086996100008 PM 10813512 ER PT J AU Paschal, DC Burt, V Caudill, SP Gunter, EW Pirkle, JL Sampson, EJ Miller, DT Jackson, RJ AF Paschal, DC Burt, V Caudill, SP Gunter, EW Pirkle, JL Sampson, EJ Miller, DT Jackson, RJ TI Exposure of the US population aged 6 years and older to cadmium: 1988-1994 SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINARY ALBUMIN; BODY BURDEN; BLOOD; SMOKERS; HEALTH; VALUES; SERUM AB Cadmium was measured in urine specimens from 22,162 participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III 1988-1994). Urine cadmium, expressed either as uncorrected (mu g/L) or creatinine corrected (mu g/g creatinine) increased with age and with smoking. The arithmetic mean value for urine cadmium in the U.S. population was 0.57 mu g/L or 0.48 mu g/g creatinine. Based on our estimates, about 2.3% of the U.S. population have urine cadmium concentrations greater than 2 mu g/g creatinine, and 0.2% have concentrations greatethan 5 mu g/g creatinine, the current World Health Organization health-based exposure limit. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Paschal, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 3 BP 377 EP 383 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 285PC UT WOS:000085396600016 PM 10667937 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, JA Metlay, JP Davis, RL Rifas-Shiman, SL Dowell, SF Platt, R AF Finkelstein, JA Metlay, JP Davis, RL Rifas-Shiman, SL Dowell, SF Platt, R TI Antimicrobial use in defined populations of infants and young children SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; PENICILLIN; PREVALENCE; CARE; PNEUMOCOCCI; STRATEGY; COLDS AB Background: Antimicrobial overprescribing contributes to bacterial resistance, but data on use in infants and young children are limited. Objectives: To assess antimicrobial use in a defined population of infants and young children and to determine diagnosis-specific prescribing rates for common infections. Design and Setting: Retrospective cohort study of children served by 44 practices affiliated with 2 managed care organizations. Patients: Children aged 3 months to 72 months enrolled in either health plan between September 1, 1994, and August 31, 1996. Analysis: Rates of antimicrobial use were calculated as the number of pharmacy dispensings divided by the number of person-years of observation contributed to the cohort in 2 age groups (3 to <36 months and 36 to <72 months). Other outcomes included the distribution of diagnoses associated with antimicrobial dispensing and population-based rates of diagnosis of common acute respiratory tract illnesses. Results: A total of 46 477 children contributed 59 710 person-years of observation across the 2 health plans. Rates of antimicrobial dispensing for children aged 3 to 36 months were 3.2 and 2.1 dispensings per person-year in the 2 populations. A substantial fraction of younger children (35% in population A and 23% in population B) received 4 or more antimicrobial prescriptions in a single year. For children aged 36 to 72 months, the dispensing rates for the 2 populations were 2.0 and 1.5 antimicrobials per person-year. We found significant differences in rates between the populations studied and a decrease in use at all sites from 1995 to 1996. The diagnosis of otitis media accounted for 56% of antimicrobial drugs dispensed to children aged 3 to 36 months and 40% of those dispensed to children aged 36 to 72 months. Antimicrobial prescribing for colds and upper respiratory tract infections, bronchitis, and sinusitis was less frequent than previously reported but accounted for 10% to 14% of antimicrobial drugs dispensed. Conclusions: In these populations, otitis media accounted for the largest number of antimicrobial agents dispensed to children younger than 6 years. Clearly inappropriate indications such as cold, upper respiratory tract infection, and bronchitis accounted for smaller fractions of antimicrobial use but may be most amenable to change. However, interventions that encourage use of strict criteria for diagnosis and treatment of otitis media will likely have the greatest impact on overall antimicrobial exposure. Monitoring defined populations longitudinally will allow assessment of the effectiveness of such national and local initiatives. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Philadelphia Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Finkelstein, JA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 126 Brookline Ave,Suite 200, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 25 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 154 IS 4 BP 395 EP 400 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 302LK UT WOS:000086366400014 PM 10768680 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Giles, WH AF Ford, ES Giles, WH TI Serum C-reactive protein and self-reported stroke - Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cerebrovascular diseases; C-reactive protein; cross-sectional studies; health surveys; risk factors ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; UNSTABLE ANGINA; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RISK-FACTORS; FIBRINOGEN; INFLAMMATION; PECTORIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ELEVATION AB C-reactive protein may predict the risk of coronary heart disease, but its association with stroke has not been well studied. We used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 1988 to 1994, to examine the association between serum C-reactive protein concentrations and self-reported past history of stroke among 8850 US men and women aged greater than or equal to 40 years. The unadjusted geometric mean of C-reactive protein concentration was higher among participants with stroke than those without stroke (0.45+/-0.02 versus 0.32+/-0.01, P<0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, race or ethnicity, education, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, high density Lipoprotein cholesterol, history of diabetes mellitus, body mass index, and physical activity, the odds ratio for stroke among participants with C-reactive protein concentrations greater than or equal to 0.55 mg/dL compared with participants with concentrations less than or equal to 0.21 mg/dL was 1.71 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.64 [odds ratio per mg/dL 1.19, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.34]). These cross-sectional data support findings from. other studies suggesting that C-reactive protein concentration may be a risk factor or marker for stroke in the US population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1052 EP 1056 PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 304DV UT WOS:000086468300022 PM 10764672 ER PT J AU Cheng, YL Macera, CA Davis, DR Blair, SN AF Cheng, YL Macera, CA Davis, DR Blair, SN TI Does physical activity reduce the risk of developing peptic ulcers? SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE alcohol; duodenal; exercise; gastric; ulcer; risk factors ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; UNITED-STATES; PERCEIVED STRESS; DUODENAL-ULCER; DISEASE; EXERCISE; SMOKING; MEN; HYPERTENSION; ASSOCIATION AB Background-Although Helicobacter pylori has been identified as a major cause of chronic gastritis, not all infected patients develop ulcers, suggesting that other factors such as lifestyle may be critical to the development of ulcer disease. Aim-To investigate the role physical activity may play in the incidence of peptic ulcer disease. Methods-The subjects were men (8529) and women (2884) who attended the Cooper Clinic in Dallas between 1970 and 1990. The presence of gastric or duodenal ulcer disease diagnosed by a doctor was determined from a mail survey in 1990. Subjects were classified into three physical activity groups according to information provided at the baseline clinic visit (before 1990): active, those who walked or ran 10 miles or more a week; moderately active, those who walked or ran less than 10 miles a week or did another regular activity; the referent group consisting of those who reported no regular physical activity. Results-With the use of gender specific proportional hazards regression models that could be adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, and self reported tension, active men were found to have a significant reduction in risk for duodenal ulcers (relative hazard (95% confidence interval) for the active group was 0.38 (0.15 to 0.94) and 0.54 (0.30 to 0.96) for the moderately active group). No association was found between physical activity and gastric ulcers for men or for either type of ulcer for women. Conclusions-Physical activity may provide a non-pharmacological method of reducing the incidence of duodenal ulcers among men. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Cooper Inst Aerob Res, Div Epidemiol, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Macera, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG06945] NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0306-3674 J9 BRIT J SPORT MED JI Br. J. Sports Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 34 IS 2 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.1136/bjsm.34.2.116 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 302PP UT WOS:000086374400015 PM 10786867 ER PT J AU Soden, B Tjemkes, S Schmetz, J Saunders, R Bates, J Ellingson, B Engelen, R Garand, L Jackson, D Jedlovec, G Kleespies, T Randel, D Rayer, P Salathe, E Schwarzkopf, D Scott, N Sohn, B de Souza-Machado, S Strow, L Tobin, D Turner, D van Delst, P Wehr, T AF Soden, B Tjemkes, S Schmetz, J Saunders, R Bates, J Ellingson, B Engelen, R Garand, L Jackson, D Jedlovec, G Kleespies, T Randel, D Rayer, P Salathe, E Schwarzkopf, D Scott, N Sohn, B de Souza-Machado, S Strow, L Tobin, D Turner, D van Delst, P Wehr, T TI An intercomparison of radiation codes for retrieving upper-tropospheric humidity in the 6.3-mu m band: A report from the first GVaP workshop SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; MU-M; RADIANCES; ABSORPTION; ASSIMILATION; CLIMATOLOGY; CHANNEL; OZONE AB An intercomparison of radiation codes used in retrieving upper-tropospheric humidity (UTH) from observations in the v2 (6.3 mu m) water vapor absorption band was performed. This intercomparison is one part of a coordinated effort within the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Water Vapor Project to assess our ability to monitor the distribution and variations of upper-tropospheric moisture from spaceborne sensors. A total of 23 different codes, ranging from detailed line-by-line (LBL) models, to coarser-resolution narrowband (NB) models, to highly parameterized single-band (SB) models participated in the study. Forward calculations were performed using a carefully selected set of temperature and moisture profiles chosen to be representative of a wide range of atmospheric conditions. The LBL model calculations exhibited the greatest consistency with each other, typically agreeing to within 0.5 K in terms of the equivalent blackbody brightness temperature (T-b). The majority of NE and SE models agreed to within +/-1 K of the LBL models, although a few older models exhibited systematic T-b biases in excess of 2 K. A discussion of the discrepancies between various models, their association with differences in model physics (e.g., continuum absorption), and their implications for UTH retrieval and radiance assimilation is presented. C1 NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. NOAA, CDC, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. AES, Dorval, PQ, Canada. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC 20233 USA. CSU, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO USA. Meteorol Off, Bracknell RB12 2SZ, Berks, England. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, LMD, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Soden, B (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Forrestal Campus,US Route 1,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RI Kleespies, Thomas/F-5598-2010; Jackson, Darren/D-5506-2015; Bates, John/D-1012-2009 OI Jackson, Darren/0000-0001-5211-7866; Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406 NR 44 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 81 IS 4 BP 797 EP 808 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<0797:AIORCF>2.3.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300PY UT WOS:000086262400008 ER PT J AU Kerstetter, JE Looker, AC Insogna, KL AF Kerstetter, JE Looker, AC Insogna, KL TI Low dietary protein and low bone density SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Connecticut, Sch Allied Hlth, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Kerstetter, JE (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Allied Hlth, U-101,358 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 3 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD APR PY 2000 VL 66 IS 4 BP 313 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s002230010062 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 296CB UT WOS:000086004500014 PM 10742451 ER PT J AU Figgs, LW Holland, NT Rothman, N Zahm, SH Tarone, RE Hill, R Vogt, RF Smith, MT Boysen, CD Holmes, FF VanDyck, K Blair, A AF Figgs, LW Holland, NT Rothman, N Zahm, SH Tarone, RE Hill, R Vogt, RF Smith, MT Boysen, CD Holmes, FF VanDyck, K Blair, A TI Increased lymphocyte replicative index following 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide exposure SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE herbicide; lymphocytes; micronucleus; occupation; 2,4-D ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; CELL-CYCLE KINETICS; SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; IN-VIVO; 2,4-D; MICRONUCLEI; INDIVIDUALS; METABOLITES; MORTALITY AB Objective: Evaluate peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation (replicative index:RI) and micronuclei frequency (MF) among 2,4-D herbicide applicators. Methods: Twelve applicators spraying only 2,4-D provided a blood and urine specimen upon enrollment, several urine samples during the spraying season, and a blood specimen at the study's end. Nine controls provided blood and urine specimens upon enrollment and at the study's end. Gas chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy determined urinary 2,4-D levels and standard in-vitro assays determined RI and MF scores. Applicator RI and MF were compared before and after spraying and with controls. Results: Applicators contributed 45 urine specimens with concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 1700 (mu g 2,4-D/g creatinine/L urine) that logarithmically (ln) increased as spraying time increased. Applicator RI increased after spraying (p = 0.016), independent of tobacco and alcohol use, and demonstrated a weak dose-response with increasing urinary 2,4-D levels (p = 0.15). Among 2,4-D applicators, pre-exposure complete blood counts and lymphocyte immunophenotypes were not significantly different from post-exposure measurements. Conclusion: Urinary 2,4-D concentration, an exposure biomarker, may be associated with lymphocyte replicative index, a cell proliferation biomarker. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Battelle Survey Res Associates, Baltimore, MD 21209 USA. RP Figgs, LW (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, 3663 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. FU BHP HRSA HHS [OMB NO. 0925-0422] NR 44 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD APR PY 2000 VL 11 IS 4 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1023/A:1008925824242 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 323VY UT WOS:000087586700009 PM 10843448 ER PT J AU Kauffman, CA Hajjeh, R Chapman, SW AF Kauffman, CA Hajjeh, R Chapman, SW CA Mycoses Study Grp TI Practice guidelines for the management of patients with sporotrichosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SPOROTHRIX-SCHENCKII; CUTANEOUS SPOROTRICHOSIS; SYSTEMIC SPOROTRICHOSIS; AIDS PATIENT; ITRACONAZOLE; FLUCONAZOLE; THERAPY; KETOCONAZOLE; MENINGITIS; ARTHRITIS C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Infect Dis, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Kauffman, CA (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, 2215 Fuller Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 29 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 30 IS 4 BP 684 EP 687 DI 10.1086/313751 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 313PX UT WOS:000087009000013 PM 10770730 ER PT J AU Jenkins, RA Jenkins, PR Nannis, ED McKee, KT Temoshok, LR AF Jenkins, RA Jenkins, PR Nannis, ED McKee, KT Temoshok, LR TI Correlates of human immunodeficiency virus infection risk behavior in male attendees of a clinic for sexually transmitted disease SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National STD Prevention Conference CY DEC, 1996 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA ID SUBSTANCE USE; CONDOM USE; ADULTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PERSONNEL; TRIAL; AIDS; STD AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection risk behavior was evaluated in a cross-sectional survey of 400 male active-duty US Army personnel who presented at a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic with symptoms of acute urethritis, High-risk partners were common, and nearly one-quarter of the sample had previously had STDs, Logistic regression models examined correlates of HIV exposure risk, of inconsistent condom use, and of having partners with increased risk of HIV infection, Frequent partner turnover, sex "bingeing," negative attitudes toward condom use, and engaging in sex during military leaves were important correlates of risk. Individuals with HIV infection risk behavior generally were cognizant of their risk for HIV infection, Implications for intervention are discussed. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. USA Med Corps, Ft Bragg, NC USA. WHO, Programme Mental Hlth, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Jenkins, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 30 IS 4 BP 723 EP 729 DI 10.1086/313744 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 313PX UT WOS:000087009000018 PM 10770735 ER PT J AU Gnann, JW Pellett, PE Jaffe, HW AF Gnann, JW Pellett, PE Jaffe, HW TI Human herpesvirus 8 and Kaposi's sarcoma in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MULTICENTER AIDS COHORT; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; DNA-SEQUENCES; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8 DNA; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; HIV-INFECTION; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-RISK AB Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) was detected in 1994 in biopsies of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tissues from a patient with AIDS, The evidence that HHV-8 infection is etiologically related to the development of KS is compelling, Essentially all patients with KS of any epidemiological type have serological evidence of HHV-8 infection. About 30%-40% of homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are seropositive for HHV-8; rates are lower (<10%) among HIV-infected women, hemophiliacs, and injection drug users. Among homosexual men, the probability of HHV-8-seropositivity is directly proportional to the numbers of previous male sex partners, which suggets that HHV-8 is a sexually transmitted infection, Although HHV-8 is detectable in saliva and semen, the exact mechanism of transmission is not known. A reduction in KS incidence among patients with AIDS in the 1980s has been attributed to lower rates of HHV-8 transmission that resulted from alterations in sexual behaviors. A further decline in KS incidence has been associated with the use of antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral therapy to control HIV replication and to limit the associated immunodeficiency is currently the best approach for preventing KS in persons infected with HHV-8 and HIV. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gnann, JW (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 845 19th St S,BBRB 220, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 59 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 30 SU 1 BP S72 EP S76 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 314QQ UT WOS:000087067600006 PM 10770915 ER PT J AU Kaplan, JE Hanson, D Dworkin, MS Frederick, T Bertolli, J Lindegren, ML Holmberg, S Jones, JL AF Kaplan, JE Hanson, D Dworkin, MS Frederick, T Bertolli, J Lindegren, ML Holmberg, S Jones, JL TI Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-associated opportunistic infect-ions in the United States in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; NATURAL-HISTORY; HIV-INFECTION; ADULTS; AIDS; DISEASE; SPECTRUM; TRENDS; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; DISCONTINUATION AB The incidence of nearly all AIDS-defining opportunistic infections (OIs) decreased significantly in the United States during 1992-1998; decreases in the most common OIs (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [PCP], esophageal candidiasis, and disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex [MAC] disease:) were more pronounced in 1996-1998, during which time highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced into medical care. Those OIs that continue to occur do so at low CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts, and persons whose CD4(+) counts have increased in response to HAART are at low risk for OIs, a circumstance that suggests a high degree of immune reconstitution associated with HAART. PCP, the most common serious OI, continues to occur primarily in persons not previously receiving medical care. The most profound effect on survival of patients with AIDS is conferred by HAART, but specific OI prevention measures (prophylaxis against PCP and MAC and vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae) are associated with a survival benefit, even when they coincide with the administration of HAART. Continued monitoring of incidence trends and detection of new syndromes associated with HAART are important priorities in the HAART era. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kaplan, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop G-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 58 TC 313 Z9 330 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 30 SU 1 BP S5 EP S14 DI 10.1086/313843 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 314QQ UT WOS:000087067600002 PM 10770911 ER PT J AU Kaplan, JE Masur, H Holmes, KK Freedberg, KA Holtgrave, D Piscitelli, SC Van Dyke, R Watts, H AF Kaplan, JE Masur, H Holmes, KK Freedberg, KA Holtgrave, D Piscitelli, SC Van Dyke, R Watts, H CA US Public Hlth Service Infect Dis TI An overview of the 1999 US Public Health Service/Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DRUG-INTERACTIONS; ORAL GANCICLOVIR; UNITED-STATES; HIV; AIDS; ADHERENCE; INTERVENTION; WOMEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Kaplan, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop G-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 30 SU 1 BP S15 EP S28 DI 10.1086/313844 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 314QQ UT WOS:000087067600003 PM 10770912 ER PT J AU Masur, H Holmes, KK Kaplan, JE AF Masur, H Holmes, KK Kaplan, JE TI Introduction to the 1999 USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Opportunistic infections (OIs) are well recognized to produce substantial morbidity and mortality among patients with HIV infection. Since measures are available for reducing the incidence and the impact of these processes for patients, the United States Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America, with endorsing professional societies, have developed guidelines for implementing a comprehensive strategy to prevent these OIs, These guidelines have been developed by a diverse working group of expert health care providers and patient representatives in order to synthesize available data and to provide practical advice for health care practitioners and patients. C1 NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Masur, H (reprint author), NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, Bldg 10,Rm 7D43,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1662, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 30 SU 1 BP S1 EP S4 DI 10.1086/313847 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 314QQ UT WOS:000087067600001 PM 10770910 ER PT J AU Sulkowski, MS Mast, EE Seeff, LB Thomas, DL AF Sulkowski, MS Mast, EE Seeff, LB Thomas, DL TI Hepatitis C virus infection as an opportunistic disease in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; INTERFERON-ALPHA THERAPY; NON-B-HEPATITIS; FOLLOW-UP; NON-A; NATURAL-HISTORY; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS AB Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family and is a major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Owing to shared routes of transmission, HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection are common, affecting approximately one-third of all HIV-infected persons in the United States. In addition, HIV coinfection is associated with higher HCV RNA level and a more rapid progression of HCV-related liver disease, which leads to an increased risk of cirrhosis, HCV infection may also impact the course and management of HIV disease, particularly by increasing the risk of antiretroviral drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Thus, chronic HCV infection acts as an opportunistic disease in HIV-infected persons, because the incidence of infection is increased and the natural history of HCV infection is accelerated in coinfected persons. Strategies to prevent primary HCV infection and to modify the progression of HCV-related liver disease are urgently needed for HIV-HCV-coinfected individuals. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sulkowski, MS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, 1830 E Monument St,Room 450C, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 89 TC 120 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 30 SU 1 BP S77 EP S84 DI 10.1086/313842 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 314QQ UT WOS:000087067600007 PM 10770916 ER PT J AU Balter, SE Dowell, SF AF Balter, SE Dowell, SF TI Update on acute otitis media SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BLIND TRIAL; EFFICACY; AMOXICILLIN/CLAVULANATE; VACCINE; POLYSACCHARIDE; AUGMENTIN(R); FORMULATION; ANTIBIOTICS AB The increase in drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae has led to concerns about antibiotic resistance. Otitis media is the leading indication for antibiotic use in the United States. Evidence suggests that antibiotics do provide benefit to children with documented acute otitis media, and that carefully selected children may respond to shorter courses of antibiotics. Despite the increase in resistance, amoxicillin remains the drug of choice for acute otitis media even in areas with high levels of resistance. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and live attenuated influenza vaccine, which may be licensed in the future, will both have an impact on acute otitis media. During the next few years, these vaccines, along with more stringent diagnostic criteria, and more judicious use of antibiotics, may all contribute towards reducing the incidence of acute otitis media, the number of antibiotic prescriptions given and the adverse impact of antimicrobial resistance. Curr Opin Infect Dis 13:165-170. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Balter, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 302NG UT WOS:000086371200012 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, HK Miller, CE Pickard, SP Mayo, MS Ahluwalia, JS Beckles, GLA AF Ahluwalia, HK Miller, CE Pickard, SP Mayo, MS Ahluwalia, JS Beckles, GLA TI Prevalence and correlates of preventive care among adults with diabetes in Kansas SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICANS; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; MEDICAL-CARE; HEALTH; MELLITUS; QUESTIONNAIRE; INFORMATION; RELIABILITY; DISEASE; QUALITY AB OBJECTIVE - To assess the prevalence and correlates of recommended preventive care among adults with diabetes in Kansas. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted among a sample of adults (greater than or equal to 18 pars of age) with self-reported diabetes. Recommended preventive care was defined based an four criteria: number of health-care provider (HCP) visits per pear (greater than or equal to 4 for insulin users and greater than or equal to 2 For nonusers), number of foot examinations per year (greater than or equal to 4 for insulin users and greater than or equal to 2 for nonusers), an annual dilated eye examination, and a blood Pressure measurement in the past 6 months. RESULTS - The mean age of the 640 respondents was 61 years, 58% were women, and 86% were white. In the preceding year, 62% of respondents reported the appropriate number of visits to a HCP, 27% the appropriate number of foot examinations, 65% an annual dilated eye examination, and 89% a blood pressure measurement in the preceding 6 months. Only 17% (95% CI 14-20) met all four criteria for recommended care. The adjusted odds of receiving recommended care were higher for males than for females (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.5), higher for people whose HCP scheduled follow-up appointments than for those who self-initiated follow-up (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.6-4.8), and higher for former smokers than for current smokers (OR 3.1: 95% CI 1.6-6.9). CONCLUSIONS - Preventive care for people with diabetes is not being delivered in compliance with current guidelines, especially for women and current smokers. Scheduling follow-up visits for patients, targeting certain high-risk populations, and developing protocols to improve foot care may be effective in improving care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidem Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Bur Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Topeka, KS USA. Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Bur Hlth Promot, Topeka, KS USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. RP Ahluwalia, HK (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. EM hahluwalia@kumc.edu RI Mayo, Matthew/E-3774-2015 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD APR PY 2000 VL 23 IS 4 BP 484 EP 489 DI 10.2337/diacare.23.4.484 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 298YG UT WOS:000086167900010 PM 10857939 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Dick, RB Howell, RJ Chrislip, DW Hines, CJ Reid, TM Lehman, E Laber, P Krieg, EF Knott, C AF Steenland, K Dick, RB Howell, RJ Chrislip, DW Hines, CJ Reid, TM Lehman, E Laber, P Krieg, EF Knott, C TI Neurologic function among termiticide applicators exposed to chlorpyrifos SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE chlorpyrifos; neurotoxicity; organophosphates ID INDUCED DELAYED POLYNEUROPATHY; MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; MORBIDITY; FIELD AB Chlorpyrifos is a moderately toxic organophosphate pesticide. Houses and lawns in the United States receive a total of approximately 20 million annual chlorpyrifos treatments, and 82% of U.S. adults have detectable levels of a chlorpyrifos metabolite (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; TCP) in the urine. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has estimated that there are 5,000 yearly reported cases of accidental chlorpyrifos poisoning, and approximately one-fourth of these cases exhibit symptoms. Organophosphates affect the nervous system, but there are few epidemiologic data on chlorpyrifos neurotoxicity. We studied neurologic function in 191 current and former termiticide applicators who had an average of 2.4 years applying chlorpyrifos and 2.5 years applying other pesticides, and we compared them to 189 nonexposed controls. The average urinary TCP level for 65 recently exposed applicators was 629.5 mu g/L, as compared to 4.5 mu g/L for the general U.S. population. The exposed group did not differ significantly from the nonexposed group for any test in the clinical examination. Few significant differences were found in nerve conduction velocity, arm/hand tremor, vibrotactile sensitivity, vision, smell, visual/motor skills, or neurobehavioral skills. The exposed group did not perform as well as the nonexposed group in pegboard turning tests and some postural sway tests. The exposed subjects also reported significantly more symptoms, including memory problems, emotional scares, fatigue, and loss of muscle strength; our more quantitative tests may not have been adequate to detect these symptoms. Eight men who reported past chlorpyrifos poisoning had a pattern of low performance on a number of tests, which is consistent with prior reports of chronic effects of organophosphate poisoning. Overall, the lack of exposure effects on the clinical examination was reassuring. The findings for self-reported symptoms raise some concern, as does the Ending of low performance For those reporting prior poisoning. Although this was a relatively large study based on a well-defined target population, the workers we studied may not be representative of all exposed workers, and caution should be exercised in generalizing our results. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. US Dept HHS, Raleigh, NC USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, R13,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 40 TC 99 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2000 VL 108 IS 4 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.2307/3454346 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 306KT UT WOS:000086596400024 PM 10753086 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Barr, JR Bailey, SL Lapeza, CR Beeson, MD Caudill, SP Maggio, VL Schecter, A Masten, SA Lucier, GW Needham, LL Sampson, EJ AF Barr, DB Barr, JR Bailey, SL Lapeza, CR Beeson, MD Caudill, SP Maggio, VL Schecter, A Masten, SA Lucier, GW Needham, LL Sampson, EJ TI Levels of methyleugenol in a subset of adults in the general US population as determined by high resolution mass spectrometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; methyleugenol; reference range; serum ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXPOSURE AB We developed a sensitive and accurate analytical method for quantifying methyleugenol (ME) in human serum. Our method uses a simple solid-phase extraction followed by a highly specific analysis using isotope dilution gas chromarography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Our method is very accurate; its limit of detection is 3.1 pg/g and its average coefficient of variation is 14% over a 200-pg/g range. We applied this method to measure serum ME concentrations in adults in the general U.S. population. ME was detected in 98% of our samples, with a mean ME concentration of 24 pg/g (range < 3.1-390 pg/g). Lipid adjustment of the data did not alter the distribution. Bivariate and multivariate analyses using selected demographic variables showed only marginal relationships between race/ethnicity and sex/fasting status with serum ME concentrations. Although no demographic variable was a good predictor of ME exposure or dose, our data indicate prevalent exposure of U.S. adults to ME. Detailed pharmacokinetic studies are required to determine the relationship between ME intake and human serum ME concentrations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NIEHS, Environm Toxicol Program, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; masten, scott/R-1403-2016 OI masten, scott/0000-0002-7847-181X NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2000 VL 108 IS 4 BP 323 EP 328 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 306KT UT WOS:000086596400028 PM 10753090 ER PT J AU Patz, JA McGeehin, MA Bernard, SM Ebi, KL Epstein, PR Grambsch, A Gubler, DJ Reiter, P Romieu, I Rose, JB Samet, JM Trtanj, J AF Patz, JA McGeehin, MA Bernard, SM Ebi, KL Epstein, PR Grambsch, A Gubler, DJ Reiter, P Romieu, I Rose, JB Samet, JM Trtanj, J TI The potential health impacts of climate variability and change for the United States: Executive summary of the report of the health sector of the US National Assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE air pollution; climate change; flooding; global warming; heat waves; vectorborne diseases; waterborne diseases ID 1995 HEAT-WAVE; VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS; FOODBORNE DISEASES; INNER-CITY; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; FREQUENCY; OUTBREAK AB We examined the potential impacts of climate variability and change on human health as part of a congressionally mandated study of climate change in the United States. Our author team, comprising experts from academia, government, and the private sector, was selected by the federal interagency U.S. Global Change Research Program, and this report stems from our first 18 months of work For this assessment we used a set of assumptions and/or projections of future climates developed for all participants in the National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change. We identified five categories of health outcomes that are most likely to be affected by climate change because they are associated with weather and/or climate variables: temperature-related morbidity and mortality; health effects of extreme weather events (storms, tornadoes, hurricanes, and precipitation extremes); air-pollution-related health effects; water- and foodborne diseases; and vector- and rodentborne diseases. We concluded that the levels of uncertainty preclude any definitive statement on the direction of potential future change for each of these health outcomes, although we developed some hypotheses. Although we mainly addressed adverse health outcomes, we identified some positive health outcomes, notably reduced cold-weather mortality, which has not been extensively examined. We found that at present most of the U.S. population is protected against adverse health outcomes associated with weather and/or climate, although certain demographic and geographic populations are at increased risk. We concluded that vigilance in the maintenance and improvement of public health systems and their responsiveness to changing climate conditions and to identified vulnerable subpopulations should help to protect the U.S. population from any adverse health outcomes of projected climate change. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Program Hlth Effects Global Environm Change, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth & Global Environm, Boston, MA USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, San Juan, PR USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. NOAA, Off Global Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Patz, JA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Program Hlth Effects Global Environm Change, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 122 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 39 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2000 VL 108 IS 4 BP 367 EP 376 DI 10.2307/3454357 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 306KT UT WOS:000086596400035 PM 10753097 ER PT J AU Sweeney, MH Mocarelli, P AF Sweeney, MH Mocarelli, P TI Human health effects after exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on the Assement of the Health Risk of Dioxins: Re-Evaluation of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) CY MAY 25-29, 1998 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP WHO, European Ctr Environm & Hlth, Int Programme Chem Safety DE cardiovascular disease; chloracne; hormonal alterations; immune effects; liver effects; neurological effects ID TRICHLOROPHENOL PROCESS ACCIDENT; PORPHYRIA-CUTANEA-TARDA; OPERATION RANCH HAND; CHEMICAL WORKERS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; FOLLOW-UP; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; MORTALITY EXPERIENCE; CHLORINATED DIOXINS; PHENOXY HERBICIDES AB In 1949, the first descriptions of human exposure to 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) contaminated chemicals were reported after a trichlorophenol reactor explosion in Nitro, West Virginia, USA. Reported non-cancer health effects included a range of conditions affecting most systems. Additional reports of the health consequences of exposure continued through the remainder of the century. The majority of effects have been reported among highly exposed groups including occupational populations, such as chemical production workers, pesticide applications, and individuals who handled or were exposed to materials treated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD-contaminated pesticides, and among residents of communities contaminated with tainted waste oil (Missouri, USA) and industrial effluent (Seveso, Italy). For only six exposed populations were biological measurements of 2,3,7,8-TCDD-contaminated collected and used to examine the relationship between non-cancer health effects and exposure. Of the many non-cancer health effects thought to be associated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure, only chloracne, elevations in GGT and triglyceride levels, and alterations in FSH and LH were related to serum 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases also appeared to be elevated among cohorts of exposed chemical workers and Seveso residents. Continued surveillance of the health of exposed populations will be useful in identifying the long-term effects of both high and low 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure. C1 NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Hosp Desio Milano, Fac Med & Surg, I-20033 Milan, Italy. RP Sweeney, MH (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Mailstop C-32,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 78 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD APR PY 2000 VL 17 IS 4 BP 303 EP 316 DI 10.1080/026520300283379 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 325WP UT WOS:000087699700007 PM 10912244 ER PT J AU Friedman, CR Gold, BD Zirnstein, G Smoot, DT Cutler, A Perez-Perez, GI Goldschmid, S Metz, DC Parsonnet, J Czinn, SJ Dunne, D Ernst, P AF Friedman, CR Gold, BD Zirnstein, G Smoot, DT Cutler, A Perez-Perez, GI Goldschmid, S Metz, DC Parsonnet, J Czinn, SJ Dunne, D Ernst, P TI H-pylori antimicrobial resistance in the United States: Preliminary results of a 9-center study. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Sinai Hosp, Detroit, MI 48235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Univ Texas, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2000 VL 118 IS 4 SU 2 MA 3829 BP A699 EP A699 PN 1 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 309RU UT WOS:000086783702853 ER PT J AU Gold, BD Bulens, S Guarner, J Van Doorn, LJ Dahms, B Owens, ML Pierce-Smith, DL Czinn, SJ AF Gold, BD Bulens, S Guarner, J Van Doorn, LJ Dahms, B Owens, ML Pierce-Smith, DL Czinn, SJ TI Helicobacter pylori and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): There is a relationship - The pediatric perspective. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Delft Diagnost Lab, Delft, Netherlands. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2000 VL 118 IS 4 SU 2 MA 2610 BP A483 EP A483 PN 1 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 309RU UT WOS:000086783701977 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Herrera-Goepfert, R Smith, C Mohar, A Halperin, D Sanchez, L Parsonnet, J AF Guarner, J Herrera-Goepfert, R Smith, C Mohar, A Halperin, D Sanchez, L Parsonnet, J TI Gastric sampling for preneoplastic gastric lesions: Are two biopsies from the antrum and one from the fundus enough? SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Nacl Cancerol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Ecosur, San Cristobal, Mexico. San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2000 VL 118 IS 4 SU 2 MA 4048 BP A750 EP A750 PN 1 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 309RU UT WOS:000086783703061 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Pierce-Smith, DL Owens, ML Bartlett, J Lerch, V Van Doorn, LJ Gold, BD AF Guarner, J Pierce-Smith, DL Owens, ML Bartlett, J Lerch, V Van Doorn, LJ Gold, BD TI Gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in children. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Egleston Childrens Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. Delft Diagnost Lab, Delft, Netherlands. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2000 VL 118 IS 4 SU 2 MA 4047 BP A749 EP A749 PN 1 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 309RU UT WOS:000086783703060 ER PT J AU Navarro, VJ St Louis, T Kunze, K Ivie, K Bell, B AF Navarro, VJ St Louis, T Kunze, K Ivie, K Bell, B TI Diagnosis of alcohol related liver disease in clinical practice. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 EI 1528-0012 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2000 VL 118 IS 4 SU 2 MA 6672 BP A1473 EP A1473 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 309RY UT WOS:000086784101745 ER PT J AU Navarro, VJ Grosso, L Hett, E Ivie, K Bell, B AF Navarro, VJ Grosso, L Hett, E Ivie, K Bell, B TI Chronic liver disease in New Haven county: Primary care provider referral patterns. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 EI 1528-0012 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2000 VL 118 IS 4 SU 2 MA 6671 BP A1472 EP A1473 PN 2 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 309RY UT WOS:000086784101744 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Collins, W Egan, A Yadava, A Garraud, O Blackman, MJ Guevara-Patino, JA Diggs, C Kaslow, DC AF Kumar, S Collins, W Egan, A Yadava, A Garraud, O Blackman, MJ Guevara-Patino, JA Diggs, C Kaslow, DC TI Immunogenicity and efficacy in Aotus monkeys of four recombinant Plasmodium falciparum vaccines in multiple adjuvant formulations based on the 19-kilodalton C terminus of merozoite surface protein 1 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ERYTHROCYTE INVASION; MALARIA; FRAGMENT; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODIES; YOELII; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of four versions of recombinant C-terminal 19-kDa epidermal growth factor-like region of the major surface protein 1 (rMSP1(19)) of Plasmodium falciparum was studied in Aotus monkeys. Vaccination with each of the four rMSP1(19) constructs elicited high levels of antibodies to MSP1(19) but only one construct, the 19-kDa fragment expressed as a secreted fusion protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yP30P2MSP1(19)), induced a high degree of protective immunity in Aotus nancymai against lethal P. falciparum challenge. Protective formulation required Freund's adjuvant; vaccination with yP30P2MSP1(19) in six other adjuvants that are suitable for human use induced lower levels of antibody response and no protection. These results emphasize the need to continue the search for an adjuvant that is comparable to Freund's adjuvant in potency and is safe for use in humans. C1 NIH, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Med Res, Div Parasitol, London NW7 1AA, England. US Agcy Int Dev, Malad Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 25 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2000 VL 68 IS 4 BP 2215 EP 2223 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.4.2215-2223.2000 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 296EP UT WOS:000086010300063 PM 10722622 ER PT J AU Lawton, RM Fridkin, SK Gaynes, RP McGowan, JE AF Lawton, RM Fridkin, SK Gaynes, RP McGowan, JE CA Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resis TI Practices to improve antimicrobial use at 47 US hospitals: The status of the 1997 SHEA/IDSA position paper recommendations SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the status of programs to improve antimicrobial prescribing at select US hospitals. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Pharmacy and infection control staff at all 47 hospitals participating in phase 3 of Project Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology. RESULTS: All 47 hospitals had some programs to improve antimicrobial use, but the practices reported varied considerably. All used a formulary, and 43 (91%) used it in conjunction with at least one of the other three antimicrobial-use policies evaluated: stop orders, restriction, and criteria-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). CPGs were reported most commonly (70%), followed by stop orders (60%) and restriction policies (40%). Although consultation with an infectious disease physician (70%) or pharmacist (66%) was commonly used to influence initial antimicrobial choice, few (40%) reported a system to measure compliance with these consultations. CONCLUSIONS: In most hospitals surveyed, practices to improve antimicrobial use. although present, were inadequate based on recommendations in a Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and Infectious Disease Society of America joint position paper. There is room to improve antimicrobial-use stewardship at US hospitals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Lawton, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Hosp Infect Program, MS A-35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 10 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 4 BP 256 EP 259 DI 10.1086/501754 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 303XJ UT WOS:000086452500010 PM 10782587 ER PT J AU Joesoef, MR Kio, D Linnan, M Kamboji, A Barakbah, Y Idajadi, A AF Joesoef, MR Kio, D Linnan, M Kamboji, A Barakbah, Y Idajadi, A TI Determinants of condom use in female sex workers in Surabaya, Indonesia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE condom; sex workers; STD; Indonesia ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; THAILAND; IMPACT; HIV-1; WOMEN AB In the developing world condom use among sex workers and their clients plays a dominant role in the transmission of HIV/STD. In Surabaya, Indonesia, data from the 1993 STD prevalence survey in female sex workers (brothels, street, massage parlours, barber shops, call-girl houses, and nightclubs) reveal that only 5% (33/692) of the brothel workers and 14% (25/177) of the street walkers had condoms in their possession at the time of the interview. During the last paid sexual intercourse, sex workers from the brothels, streets, and nightclubs used condoms infrequently (14%, 20%, and 25%, respectively). Sex workers from massage parlours, barber shops, and call girls were about 5 to 3 times more likely to use condoms than sex workers from nightclubs (adjusted odds ratio of 3.5, 4.9, and 4.2, respectively); thus condom promotion programmes should be targeted at sex workers at brothels, streets, and nightclubs. Programmes should include: (1) free distribution of condoms to sex establishments at the initial stage, and condom social marketing at later stages; (2) penalties, including legal sanctions, against any sex establishments that do not consistently use condoms; (3) participation of brothel owners and madams in encouraging sex workers to consistently have clients use condoms during sexual intercourse; and (4) establishment of sentinel surveillance to monitor STD/HIV and condom-use compliance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Joesoef, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, CDC, MS-E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD APR PY 2000 VL 11 IS 4 BP 262 EP 265 DI 10.1258/0956462001915679 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 301CK UT WOS:000086290400011 PM 10772092 ER PT J AU Curtis, AB Ridzon, R Novick, LF Driscoll, J Blair, D Oxtoby, M McGarry, M Hiscox, B Faulkner, C Taber, H Valway, S Onorato, IM AF Curtis, AB Ridzon, R Novick, LF Driscoll, J Blair, D Oxtoby, M McGarry, M Hiscox, B Faulkner, C Taber, H Valway, S Onorato, IM TI Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission patterns in a homeless shelter outbreak SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; homeless; outbreak; DNA fingerprinting ID NEW-YORK-CITY; MEN; DIFFERENTIATION; INFECTION; ADULTS AB SETTING: From July 1997 through May 1998, ten tuberculosis (TB) cases were reported among men in a Syracuse New York homeless shelter for men. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Investigation to determine extent of, and prevent further, transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RESULTS: Epidemiologic and laboratory evidence suggests that eight of the ten cases were related. Seven cases had isolates with matching six-band IS6110 DNA fingerprints; the isolate from another case had a closely related fingerprint pattern and this case was considered to be caused by a variant of the same strain. Isolates from eight cases had identical spoligotypes. The source case had extensive cavitary disease and stayed at the shelter nightly, while symptomatic, for almost 8 months before diagnosis. A contact investigation was conducted among 257 shelter users and staff, 70% of whom had a positive tuberculin skin test, including 21 with documented skin test conversions. CONCLUSIONS: An outbreak of related TB cases in a high-risk setting was confirmed through the use of IS6110 DNA fingerprinting in conjunction with spoligotyping and epidemiologic evidence. Because of the high rate of infection in the homeless population, routine screening for TB and preventive therapy for eligible persons should be considered in shelters. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Onondaga Cty Hlth Dept, Syracuse, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Wadsworth Ctr, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Curtis, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 4 IS 4 BP 308 EP 313 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 301MJ UT WOS:000086313700005 PM 10777078 ER PT J AU Kassim, S Zuber, P Wiktor, SZ Diomande, FVK Coulibaly, IM Coulibaly, D Kadio, A Yapi, A Toure, KC Blekou, PB Irie, B Greenberg, AE Binkin, NJ AF Kassim, S Zuber, P Wiktor, SZ Diomande, FVK Coulibaly, IM Coulibaly, D Kadio, A Yapi, A Toure, KC Blekou, PB Irie, B Greenberg, AE Binkin, NJ TI Tuberculin skin testing to assess the occupational risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among health care workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; health care workers; nosocomial transmission; tuberculin skin testing; Cote d'Ivoire ID NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; SPECTRUM; DISEASE; ADULTS AB SETTING: Tuberculin skin test (TST) survey of health care workers (HCWs) in selected clinical services in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. OBJECTIVE: TO assess whether HCWs in Abidjan are at increased risk for occupationally acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. DESIGN: From October 1996 to January 1997, consenting HCWs from four services where tuberculosis (TB) prevalence among patients was high and two services where it was low were evaluated with a questionnaire, TST (including evaluation of anergy) and chest radiograph. RESULTS: Of the 512 participants, 405 (73%) had a TST reaction of greater than or equal to 10 mm, eight (2%) were anergic, five (1%) had a radiograph compatible with TB, and two had confirmed TB. Using a cut-off of 10 mm, we found a higher prevalence of TST positivity in services with high TB prevalence than in those with low TB prevalence (92% vs 72%; odds ratio [OR] 4.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.3-8.0) and among HCWs with direct (87%; OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.6-5.1) and indirect patient contact (80%, OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0-2.3) than among those with minimal patient contact (69%). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that TST positivity among HCWs is related to level of exposure to TB patients, and suggest that HCWs in Abidjan are at risk for the nosocomial transmission of TB. C1 Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Sante Publ, Programme Natl Lutte Contre SIDA Malad Sexuelleme, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Minist Sante Publ, Ctr Antituberculeux, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. CHU Treichville, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Kassim, S (reprint author), Projet RETRO CI, BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. NR 16 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 4 IS 4 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 301MJ UT WOS:000086313700007 PM 10777080 ER PT J AU Lawn, SD Obeng, J Acheampong, JW Griffin, GE AF Lawn, SD Obeng, J Acheampong, JW Griffin, GE TI Resolution of the acute-phase response in West African patients receiving treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE pulmonary tuberculosis; anti-tuberculosis treatment; acute-phase response; C-reactive protein; erythrocyte sedimentation rate ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CYTOKINES; DISEASE; ALPHA AB SETTING: The Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, West Africa. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate simple and commonly used parameters of the acute-phase response as correlates of successful resolution of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) during drug treatment. DESIGN: Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), body weight, and blood haemoglobin were measured in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative Ghanaian patients with PTB (n = 15) and in age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 15). These parameters were subsequently measured in patients after 1, 2 and 3 months of antituberculosis treatment. Serum concentrations of soluble interleukin-2-receptor-alpha (sCD25) were also measured as a comparative index of resolution of the systemic inflammatory process. RESULTS: Anti-tuberculosis treatment resulted in sputum smear conversion in all 15 patients, After one month of treatment, reductions in serum CRP concentration (>20%) and increases in haemoglobin concentration (>0.4 g/dl) occurred in the majority of patients and correlated with steep reductions in serum levels of sCD25, In contrast, weight loss and elevated ESR were slower to resolve, and were insensitive early markers of response to treatment. CONCLUSION: A fail in serum CRP and a rise in blood haemoglobin are correlates of the initial response to drug treatment of PIS. These parameters may assist in the evaluation of empiric trials of treatment in microbiologically unconfirmed cases of suspected PTB. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, London SW17 0RE, England. Univ Sci & Technol Kumasi, Dept Med, Sch Med Sci, Kumasi, Ghana. RP Lawn, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mail Stop G-35,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 4 IS 4 BP 340 EP 344 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 301MJ UT WOS:000086313700010 PM 10777083 ER PT J AU Vicente, ACP Otsuki, K Silva, NB Castilho, MC Barros, FS Pieniazek, D Hu, D Rayfield, MA Bretas, G Tanuri, A AF Vicente, ACP Otsuki, K Silva, NB Castilho, MC Barros, FS Pieniazek, D Hu, D Rayfield, MA Bretas, G Tanuri, A TI The HIV epidemic in the amazon basin is driven by prototypic and recombinant HIV-1 subtypes B and F SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; recombinant; Amazon Basin ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; DUAL INFECTIONS; BRAZIL; IDENTIFICATION; DISTINCT; SINGLE; GENES AB This paper describes genetic subtypes of HIV-1 found in blood samples from 31 HIV-1-infected people who visited the Counseling and Testing AIDS Center of Institute de Medicina Tropical in Manaus, Brazil. Manaus, the main city in Brazil's Amazon Basin, is also the closest urban connection for more than 100,000 Indians living in the rain forests of this region. Although to date there is no evidence of increased incidence of HIV-1 infection among the indigenous population, our understanding of both the prevalence and nature of the epidemic in the region as a whole is limited. From the 31 samples analyzed by C2V3 sequencing, we found almost equal proportions of HIV-1 strains belonging to subtype B (n = 16; 51.6%) and subtype F (n = 15; 48.4%), a finding that differs from results from previous studies conducted in urban areas of southeastern Brazil. We also observed the presence of the GWGR amino-acid sequence in the critical tetra-peptide crown of the env V3 loop in the HIV-1 subtype B samples analyzed. Among these samples, we also found 14 mosaic genomes (45.16%) in which different combinations of subtypes B, C, and F were identified between the p24 gag, pro, and env regions. Our data support the hypothesis that the Amazonian HIV-1 infections linked to the urban epidemic in southeastern Brazil. The genetic diversity and the prevalence of mosaic genomes among the isolates in our study confirm an integral role of recombination in the complex Brazilian epidemic. C1 Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Genet, BR-20001 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst Trop Med, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB, Res Lab, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Estadual Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Dept Genet, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Tanuri, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Mol Virol Lab, Dept Genet IB, CCS Bloco A,Ilha Fundao, BR-21943990 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 23 IS 4 BP 327 EP 331 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 313PQ UT WOS:000087008400006 PM 10836755 ER PT J AU Kaplan, EH Satten, GA AF Kaplan, EH Satten, GA TI Repeat screening for HIV: When to test and why SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV screening; repeat screening; HIV prevalence; mathematical model; cost-benefit analysis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; BROTHELS; BLOOD AB This paper presents models for repeat HIV screening under conditions of constant low HIV incidence. The models reveal a direct link between the prevalence of undetected HIV infection and the screening interval between repeat HIV tests. We show how to select screening intervals that either achieve a given HIV prevalence level, or optimally balance the cost of repeat HIV testing against the cost of HIV infection. Alternatively, given an existing repeat screening program, the model implies that cost of infection for which the given screening interval is optimal. The method also suggests how to select an HIV testing technology. The models are applied to existing repeat testing programs in the U.S. Army and among legal commercial sex workers in the state of Nevada in the Far West of the United States. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Management, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kaplan, EH (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Management, Box 208200, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA-09531]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH/DA-56826] NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 23 IS 4 BP 339 EP 345 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 313PQ UT WOS:000087008400008 PM 10836757 ER PT J AU Dittus, PJ Jaccard, J AF Dittus, PJ Jaccard, J TI Adolescents' perceptions of maternal disapproval of sex: Relationship to sexual outcomes SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE maternal attitudes; adolescents; pregnancy; relationship satisfaction; sexual and contraceptive behavior ID BEHAVIOR AB Purpose: To examine the relationship between adolescents' perceptions of maternal abstinence attitudes, adolescent-maternal relationship satisfaction, and the occurrence in the ensuing 12 months of: (a) sexual intercourse, (b) the use of birth control at intercourse, and (c) the occurrence of pregnancy. We also examined the accuracy of adolescents in perceiving the attitudes of their mothers as well as factors that predicted underestimations of these attitudes. Finally, the study evaluated the relative predictive power of adolescent perceptions of maternal abstinence attitudes and the actual maternal abstinence attitudes. Methods: This was a prospective study using a subsample of the Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health database, which is a nationally representative school-based sample. The sample for the present study was approximately 10,000 adolescents in grades 7 to 11 who completed 2 interviews in their homes at a 1-year interval. Mothers of the adolescents were interviewed only during Wave 1. Interviews covered a variety of topics, including adolescent risk behaviors and family relationships. Measures at Wave 1 were used to predict outcomes at Wave 5 employing logistic and multiple regression techniques. Results: Adolescents' perceptions of maternal attitudes toward the adolescents' engaging in sexual intercourse, and adolescent satisfaction with the maternal relationship were predictive of the occurrence of sexual intercourse between Wave 1 and Wave 2, as well as the occurrence of pregnancy. The more disapproving adolescents perceived their mothers to be toward their engaging in sexual intercourse and the more satisfied adolescents were with their relationship with their mothers, the less likely adolescents were to initiate sexual activity or to become pregnant. Only relationship satisfaction was predictive of the use of birth control, such that more satisfied adolescents were more likely td use birth control at their most recent intercourse. The correlation between adolescent perceptions of maternal abstinence attitudes and actual maternal attitudes was .26. Adolescent perceptions of maternal attitudes tended to be a more consistent predictor of outcomes than actual maternal attitudes. Conclusions: The results are consistent with a growing body of literature that suggests the importance of adolescents' perceptions of maternal attitudes in determining sexual risk behaviors, Adolescents may misperceive the attitudes of parents, suggesting the need for communication between parent and teen. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2000. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Psychol, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Dittus, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,NW,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [P01-HD31921] NR 14 TC 128 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD APR PY 2000 VL 26 IS 4 BP 268 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(99)00096-8 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 305MW UT WOS:000086544900008 PM 10734274 ER PT J AU Stanfill, SB Ashley, DL AF Stanfill, SB Ashley, DL TI Quantitation of flavor-related alkenylbenzenes in tobacco smoke particulate by selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tobacco; mainstream smoke; particulate fraction; alkenylbenzenes; flavor additive; solid-phase extraction; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; selected ion monitoring ID CIGARETTE-SMOKE; CONSTITUENTS; MYRISTICIN; COMPONENTS; FALCARINOL; ADDITIVES; PRODUCTS; EUGENOL; GC AB Little is known about the possible health effects associated with inhaling alkenylbenzenes -through cigarette smoking, even though these flavor-related compounds have known toxic effects; in animals. We developed a rapid and sensitive solid-phase extraction (SPE) method to quantify seven alkenylbenzenes and piperonal in mainstream cigarette smoke particulate. The smoke particulate fraction of a single cigarette was collected on Cambridge filter pads, solvent extracted, concentrated, purified with SPE, and analyzed by selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We positively identified and quantified five alkenylbenzenes compounds (eugenol, isoeugenol, methyleugenol myristicin, and elemicin) and piperonal in the smoke particulate from eight U.S. brands with mean levels (measured in triplicate) ranging from 6.6 to 4210 ng per cigarette. Additionally, complete blocking of nearly invisible ventilation holes in the cigarette fat;ar increased 2- to 7-fold the percent transfer of alkenylbenzenes from tobacco to the particulate fraction of mainstream smoke. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab SCi,Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Stanfill, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab SCi,Air Toxicants Branch, Mailstop F-19,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 2000 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1298 EP 1306 DI 10.1021/jf990772i PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 305ZT UT WOS:000086572200055 PM 10775389 ER PT J AU Chesson, H Viscusi, WK AF Chesson, H Viscusi, WK TI The heterogeneity of time-risk tradeoffs SO JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article DE intertemporal choice; discounting risk; smoking ID CONSUMPTION DECISIONS; CHOICE AB This paper uses an original sample of 146 business managers to examine the rationality of choices with respect to deferred lotteries. Using a new empirical methodology, it explicitly estimates implicit rates of time preference with respect to these deferred gambles. The estimated discount rate decreases with the time horizon of the gamble, which is consistent with violations observed in discounted utility contexts. Cigarette smokers exhibit lower estimated discount rates in this context, which is contrary to many popular hypotheses about the economic causes of smoking behavior. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Viscusi, WK (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Hauser 302,1575 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0894-3257 J9 J BEHAV DECIS MAKING JI J. Behav. Decis. Mak. PD APR-JUN PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0771(200004/06)13:2<251::AID-BDM328>3.3.CO;2-G PG 8 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 306LL UT WOS:000086598100009 ER PT J AU Watson, CH Ashley, DL AF Watson, CH Ashley, DL TI Quantitative analysis of acetates in cigarette tobacco using solid-phase microextraction and cas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BLOOD; SPME C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Watson, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Toxicants Branch, Mailstop F-19,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 296UW UT WOS:000086045800001 PM 10766479 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Giustozzi, A Smith, SJ Lee, NC AF Coughlin, SS Giustozzi, A Smith, SJ Lee, NC TI A meta-analysis of estrogen replacement therapy and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE estrogen; meta-analysis; ovarian neoplasms ID STATES CASE-CONTROL; DOSE-RESPONSE DATA; COLLABORATIVE ANALYSIS; METAANALYSIS; WOMEN; CARCINOMA; TOBACCO; COFFEE; BRCA1 AB Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) has not been associated with epithelial ovarian cancer in most reported epidemiologic studies that have looked for an association. Some studies may have found weak statistically nonsignificant associations because the number of cases or number of women who reported estrogen use was small. We performed a meta-analysis of data from 15 case-control studies that provided data on ERT and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. The 15 combined studies were statistically heterogeneous (chi(2) (14) = 26.3, P < 0.05) in terms of the effect they found. When we combined these studies using a random effects model, we did not End a significant association of ERT with ovarian cancer (odds ratio = 1.1, 95% confidence interval = 0.9-1.3). There was no clear evidence of a dose-response relation with increasing duration of estrogen use in a subset of five studies that reported estrogen use by duration (overall slope = 0.0012, 95% confidence interval = -0.0055 to 0.0080). The influences of statistical outliers, study design (hospital or clinic controls vs. community controls), and location (U.S. and Canada vs. Europe and Australia) were examined. The odds ratio was 1.3 (95% confidence interval = 1.0-1.6) in the relatively homogeneous subset of four U.S. case-control studies with community controls, but we cannot rule out the possibility of uncontrolled confounding. The odds ratios for estrogen use for other subgroups defined by geographic location and type of control group were not significantly different from one. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 76 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 53 IS 4 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00179-1 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 309UP UT WOS:000086787900005 PM 10785567 ER PT J AU Westbrook, GL O'Hara, CM Roman, SB Miller, JM AF Westbrook, GL O'Hara, CM Roman, SB Miller, JM TI Incidence and identification of Klebsiella planticola in clinical isolates with emphasis on newborns SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERRIGENA; SPECIMENS; STRAINS AB Studies conducted in France and Germany suggest that up to 19% of clinically identified Klebsiella sp. are actually Klebsiella planticola, an environmental species that has been attributed to two cases of septicemia, with a rare isolate of Klebsiella terrigena (0.4%) being identified. A 1-year survey of newborns on a neonatal ward, also conducted in Germany, reported that 72% of Klebsiella sp, were Klebsiella oxytoca and 8.7% were K. planticola. The tests necessary to identify these species are not found in most clinical identification schemes or in the database matrices of most commercial identification products. To determine the incidence of unrecognized K. planticola among the Klebsiella sp. isolates in our collection, we used the battery of seven supplemental tests amended from the work of Monnet and Freney to test 352 stock isolates and 84 fresh clinical isolates from four local hospitals. After testing 436 strains of Klebsiella, only one strain was identified as a possible K. planticola and none was identified as K. terrigena. We tested an additional 43 stock strains of K. oxytoca isolated from newborns by using eight biochemical tests and found one additional strain of K. planticola. The occurrence of K. planticola in our collection is far less frequent than that observed in other countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Westbrook, GL (reprint author), Mailstop C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1495 EP 1497 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 301GN UT WOS:000086302500033 PM 10747132 ER PT J AU Elkins, C Yi, KC Olsen, B Thomas, C Thomas, K Morse, S AF Elkins, C Yi, KC Olsen, B Thomas, C Thomas, K Morse, S TI Development of a serological test for Haemophilus ducreyi for seroprevalence studies SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GENITAL ULCER DISEASE; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; INFLUENZAE; CLONING; DIAGNOSIS; D15 AB Ne developed a new enzyme immunoassay (rpEIA) for use in determining the seroprevalence of chancroid. Three highly conserved outer membrane proteins from Haemophilus ducreyi strain 35000 were cloned, overexpressed, and purified from Escherichia coli far use as antigens in the rpEIA. Serum specimens from patients with and without chancroid were assayed to determine optimum sensitivity and specificity and to establish cutoff values. On the basis of these data, rpEIA was found to be both sensitive and specific when used to test a variety of serum specimens from patients with genital ulcers and urethritis and from healthy blood donors. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Elkins, C (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, 521 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 31496, R29-AI 40263, U19 AI031496] NR 39 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1520 EP 1526 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 301GN UT WOS:000086302500038 PM 10747137 ER PT J AU Linssen, B Kinney, RM Aguilar, P Russell, KL Watts, DM Kaaden, OR Pfeffer, M AF Linssen, B Kinney, RM Aguilar, P Russell, KL Watts, DM Kaaden, OR Pfeffer, M TI Development of reverse transcription-PCR assays specific for detection of equine encephalitis viruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ROSS-RIVER-VIRUS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRAL-RNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RT-PCR; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTH-AMERICA; GENOMIC RNA AB Specific and sensitive reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays were developed for the detection of eastern, western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (EEE, WEE, and VEE, respectively). Tests for specificity included all known alphavirus species, The EEE-specific RT-PCR amplified a 464-bp region of the E2 gene exclusively from 10 different EEE strains from South and North America with a sensitivity of about 3,000 RNA molecules. In a subsequent nested PCR, the specificity was confirmed by the amplification of a 262-bp fragment, increasing the sensitivity of this assay to approximately 30 RNA molecules. The RT-PCR for WEE amplified a fragment of 354 bp from as few as 2,000 RNA molecules. Babanki virus, as well as Mucambo and Pixuna viruses (VEE subtypes IIIA and rv), were also amplified. However, the latter viruses showed slightly smaller fragments of about 290 and 310 bp, respectively. A subsequent seminested PCR amplified a 195-bp fragment only from the 10 tested strains of WEE from North and South America, rendering this assay virus specific and increasing its sensitivity to approximately 20 RNA molecules. Because the 12 VEE subtypes showed too much divergence in their 26S RNA nucleotide sequences to detect all of them by the use of nondegenerate primers, this assay was confined to the medically important and closely related VEE subtypes WE, IC, ID, IE, and II. The RT-PCR-seminested PCR combination specifically amplified 342- and 194-bp fragments of the region covering the 6K gene in VEE. The sensitivity was 20 RNA molecules for subtype LAB virus and 70 RNA molecules for subtype IE virus. In addition to the subtypes mentioned above, three of the enzootic VEE (subtypes IIIB, IIIC, and IV) showed the specific amplicon in the seminested PCR, The practicability of the latter assay was tested with human sera gathered as part of the febrile illness surveillance in the Amazon River Basin of Peru near the city of Iquitos, All of the nine tested VEE-positive sera showed the expected 194-bp amplicon of the VEE-specific RT-PCR-seminested PCR. C1 Univ Munich, Inst Med Microbiol Infect & Epidem Dis, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. NAMRID, Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. RP Pfeffer, M (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Med Microbiol Infect & Epidem Dis, Vet Str 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany. NR 51 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1527 EP 1535 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 301GN UT WOS:000086302500039 PM 10747138 ER PT J AU Luna, VA Jernigan, DB Tice, A Kellner, JD Roberts, MC AF Luna, VA Jernigan, DB Tice, A Kellner, JD Roberts, MC TI A novel multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroup 19 clone from Washington State identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and restriction fragment length patterns SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSERTION-SEQUENCE; RESISTANT; IS1167; DNA AB In 1997, a cluster of multiresistant invasive serogroup 19 pneumococcus infections, including two fatalities, was reported in Washington State. Further investigation identified other cases. Fourteen Washington Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, four from Alaska, and eight isolates from eastern Canada with reduced penicillin susceptibility (MIC of greater than or equal to 1 mu g/ml) were included in the study. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with ApaI, SacII, and SmaI restriction enzymes and IS1167 and mef restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern analysis were performed. Twenty of the 26 isolates had identical or related PFGE patterns, with two or all three enzymes, and identical or related IS1167 RFLP patterns, indicating that they were genetically related. These 20 isolates contained the mef gene conferring erythromycin resistance and had identical mef RFLP patterns. The PFGE and RFLP patterns were distinct from those of six multiresistant clones previously described and suggest that a new multiresistant clone has appeared in Washington, Alaska, and eastern Canada. This newly characterized clone should be included in the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Infect Ltd, Tacoma, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Pediat, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Roberts, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Pathobiol, Box 357238, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1575 EP 1580 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 301GN UT WOS:000086302500047 PM 10747146 ER PT J AU Jensen, B Kepley, W Guarner, J Anderson, K Anderson, D Clairmont, J De L'aune, W Austin, EH Austin, GE AF Jensen, B Kepley, W Guarner, J Anderson, K Anderson, D Clairmont, J De L'aune, W Austin, EH Austin, GE TI Comparison of polyvinyl alcohol fixative with three less hazardous fixatives for detection and identification of intestinal parasites SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGY AB Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing the fixative mercuric chloride is considered the "gold standard" for the fixation of ova and parasites in the preparation of permanently stained smears of stool specimens. However, mercuric chloride is potentially hazardous to laboratory personnel and presents disposal problems, We compared three new alternative, nontoxic fixatives with PVA, analyzing ease of sample preparation and quality of smears. Sixty-eight fresh stool specimens were divided into aliquots and placed in each of four different fixatives: PARASAFE (PS) (Scientific Devices Laboratory, Inc., Des Plaines, Ill.), ECOFIX (EC) (Meridian Diagnostics, Inc,, Cincinnati, Ohio), Proto-Fix (PF) (Alpha-Tec Systems, Inc., Vancouver, Wash.), and ion: viscosity PVA fixative (PVA) (Meridian), Specimens were processed and stained according to each manufacturer's directions. Parasites were found in 31 of 68 slide preparations with PVA, 31 with PF, 30 with EC, and 30 with PS, Blastocystis hominis and Iodamoeba butschlii were preserved in a readily identifiable state by all methods of fixation, However, some parasites were more easily identified with some of the fixatives because of differences in parasite distortion. For example, Entamoeba histolytica (Entamoeba dispar) was detected in 13 stools fixed with PF, 7 with PVA, and 6 with EC but none with PS, Likewise, Chilomastix mesnili was identified in 13 specimens fixed with PF, 8 with EC, and 5 with PVA but only 1 with PS, while Entamoeba coli was seen much less frequently with PS than with the other three fixatives, A dirty background was observed in 41% of specimens prepared with PS, whereas background quality was acceptable with other fixatives.. Sample preparation was most rapid with PS, although the EC method involved the fewest steps. In conclusion, PVA and PF produced the least parasite distortion, while PS proved unsatisfactory fur the identification of E. histolytica, E. coli, and C. mesnili. Both PF and EC appear to be acceptable, environmentally safe substitutes for PVA. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Austin, GE (reprint author), Vet Adm Med Ctr, Pathol & Lab Med Serv 113, 1670 Clairmont Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1592 EP 1598 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 301GN UT WOS:000086302500050 PM 10747149 ER PT J AU Brown, BA Kilpatrick, DR Oberste, MS Pallansch, MA AF Brown, BA Kilpatrick, DR Oberste, MS Pallansch, MA TI Serotype-specific identification of enterovirus 71 by PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Virology CY JUL 19, 1997 CL BOZEMAN, MONTANA SP Amer Soc Virol DE enterovirus 71; diagnostic primers; coxsackievirus A16; HFMD ID DEOXYINOSINE RESIDUES; CODON DEGENERACY; MIXED-BASE; DISEASE; POLIOVIRUSES; POLIOMYELITIS; INFECTIONS; POSITIONS; EPIDEMIC; PRIMERS AB Background: Enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 are closely related genetically and are causative agents of hand foot and mouth disease. Because enterovirus 71 is more often associated with severe neurological disease, there is a need to rapidly discriminate between enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 during hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreaks. Objectives: Our goal was to develop and evaluate a serotype-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR)-based typing method for enterovirus 71. Study design: Two sets of PCR primers were designed to match conserved amino acid intervals of enterovirus 71. One diagnostic primer pair contains deoxyinosine at sites of 4-fold codon degeneracy. A second primer pair was designed for use in sequencing and molecular epidemiology studies. Primer pairs were tested on strains encountered in routine diagnostic samples. Results: Using both sets of primers on a panel of 61 prototype enteroviral strains, both primer pairs gave strong positive signals for only enterovirus 71. These primers amplified all enterovirus 71 isolates tested and discriminated between enterovirus 71 and the most closely related enterovirus, coxsackievirus A16. Conclusions: Our RT-PCR assay can be used for specific identification of enterovirus 71 clinical isolates. Furthermore, the 484-bp product of one primer pair has proven useful in sequencing studies to identify distinct genotypes of enterovirus 71. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brown, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(00)00065-2 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 299MT UT WOS:000086202900002 PM 10720814 ER PT J AU Johnson-Masotti, AP Pinkerton, SD Holtgrave, DR Valdiserri, RO Willingham, M AF Johnson-Masotti, AP Pinkerton, SD Holtgrave, DR Valdiserri, RO Willingham, M TI Decision-making in HIV prevention community planning: An integrative review SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMS; INFECTION; AIDS AB Since 1994, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has required that the 65 health department grantees that receive funding for HN prevention interventions engage in a community planning process to involve affected communities in local prevention decision making; to increase the use of epidemiological data to target HIV prevention resources; and to ensure that the planning process takes into account scientific information on the effectiveness and efficiency of different HIV interventions. Local community planning groups are charged with identifying End prioritizing unmet HIV prevention needs in their communities, as well as prioritizing prevention interventions designed to address these needs. Their recommendations, in turn, form the basis for the local health department's request for HIV prevention funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Given the community planning process's central role in the allocation of federal HIV prevention funds, it is critical that sound decisionmaking procedures inform this process. In this article, we review the basics of the community planning prioritization process and summarize the decision-making experiences of community planning groups across the US. We then describe several priority-setting tools and decision analytic models that have been developed to assist in HIV community planning prioritization and discuss their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we offer suggestions for improving the decision-analytic basis for HN prevention community planning. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Johnson-Masotti, AP (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, 2071 N Summit Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01-MH56830, P30-MH52776] NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD APR PY 2000 VL 25 IS 2 BP 95 EP 112 PG 18 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 306EA UT WOS:000086583300002 PM 10794204 ER PT J AU Ballard, RA Salas, CM Spaulding, AC Rich, JD Nemhausen, JB Trout, D Gershon, RRM AF Ballard, RA Salas, CM Spaulding, AC Rich, JD Nemhausen, JB Trout, D Gershon, RRM TI Health risks in correctional health care workers in Rhode Island. SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI USA. Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. CDC, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 308CE UT WOS:000086690400330 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK McDonald, LC Nwanyanwu, O Kazembe, P Dobbie, H Tokars, J Reller, LB Jarvis, WR AF Archibald, LK McDonald, LC Nwanyanwu, O Kazembe, P Dobbie, H Tokars, J Reller, LB Jarvis, WR TI A hospital-based prevalence survey of bloodstream infections in febrile patients in Malawi: Implications for diagnosis and therapy SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Epidemic-Intelligence-Service Conference CY APR 24, 1998 CL CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Epidem Intelligence Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent HO CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT ID MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; AIDS; ADULTS; BACTEREMIA; KENYA; ABSENCE; SIMIAE; UGANDA AB The etiology of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in febrile (greater than or equal to 37.5 degrees C) adults (greater than or equal to 18 years old) in one Malawi hospital were determined during August and September 1997. After clinical evaluation, blood was drawn for comprehensive culture, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 testing, and malaria smear. Of 233 patients, 173 (74%) were HIV-1 infected, and 70 (30%) had BSI. BSI pathogens included 25 (33%) Streptococcus pneumoniae and 21 (28%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nine patients (4%) had malaria parasitemia, BSIs were more likely in HIV-1-positive than in -negative patients (62/173 vs, 8/60, P < .01). Clinical predictors of BSI included HIV-1 infection and altered mental status. Mortality among inpatients with BSI was higher than among those without BSI (P < .001). In conclusion, S. pneumoniae and M. tuberculosis are frequent causes of BSI in febrile adults. Similar surveys, performed periodically in developing countries, may assist in the identification of clinical predictors of BSI and in planning appropriate therapy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Clin Microbiol Lab, Durham, NC USA. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 181 IS 4 BP 1414 EP 1420 DI 10.1086/315367 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311KT UT WOS:000086883900023 PM 10762572 ER PT J AU Somani, J Bhullar, VB Workowski, KA Farshy, CE Black, CM AF Somani, J Bhullar, VB Workowski, KA Farshy, CE Black, CM TI Multiple drug-resistant Chlamydia trachomatis associated with clinical treatment failure SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Meeting of the International-Society-for-Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases-Research CY JUL 11-14, 1999 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Int Soc Sexually Transmitted Dis Res ID GENITAL-TRACT INFECTION; TUBAL INFERTILITY; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; WOMEN; PNEUMONIAE; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; DIAGNOSIS; CULTURE; TISSUE; STATE AB In vitro susceptibility testing and genotyping were done on urogenital isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis from 3 patients, 2 of whom showed evidence of clinical treatment failure with azithromycin and one of whom was the wife of a patient. All 3 isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance to doxycycline, azithromycin, and ofloxacin at concentrations >4.0 mu g/mL. Recurrent disease due to relapsing infection with the same resistant isolate was documented on the basis of identical genotypes of both organisms. This first report of clinically significant multidrug-resistant C. trachomatis causing relapsing or persistent infection may portend an emerging problem to clinicians and public health officials. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Black, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C17,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 124 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 181 IS 4 BP 1421 EP 1427 DI 10.1086/315372 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311KT UT WOS:000086883900024 PM 10762573 ER PT J AU Woods, CW McRill, C Plikaytis, BD Rosenstein, NE Mosley, D Boyd, D England, B Perkins, BA Ampel, NM Hajjeh, RA AF Woods, CW McRill, C Plikaytis, BD Rosenstein, NE Mosley, D Boyd, D England, B Perkins, BA Ampel, NM Hajjeh, RA TI Coccidioidomycosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in Arizona, 1994-1997: Incidence, risk factors, and prevention SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY NOV 12-15, 1998 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; PROPHYLAXIS; FLUCONAZOLE; AIDS AB From 1 January 1995 through 31 June 1997, 153 cases of coccidioidomycosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons were identified in Arizona (incidence, 41/1000 persons living with AIDS), A case-control study was conducted to evaluate risk factors for coccidioidomycosis in HIV-infected persons. A case was defined as laboratory-confirmed, incident coccidioidomycosis in a person infected with HIV for greater than or equal to 3 months, and each case patient had 3 control patients matched by county, age group, sex, HIV/AIDS status, and CD4 lymphocyte count. Multivariable analysis identified black race and a history of oropharyngeal or esophageal candidiasis to be associated with increased risk of coccidioidomycosis; protease inhibitor therapy was associated with a reduced risk. In persons with previous history of oropharyngeal or esophageal candidiasis, having received an azole drug was associated with a reduced risk (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-0.9; P = .04). Physicians may need to consider azole chemoprophylaxis for HIV-infected persons who live in areas of endemicity, have CD4 cell counts <200/mu L, are black, or have a history of thrush. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Tucson, AZ USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Med Serv, Tucson, AZ USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Res Serv, Tucson, AZ USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. RP Hajjeh, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS C-09,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. NR 31 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 181 IS 4 BP 1428 EP 1434 DI 10.1086/315401 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311KT UT WOS:000086883900025 PM 10753734 ER PT J AU Leake, JAD Mosley, DG England, B Graham, JV Plikaytis, BD Ampel, NM Perkins, BA Hajjeh, RA AF Leake, JAD Mosley, DG England, B Graham, JV Plikaytis, BD Ampel, NM Perkins, BA Hajjeh, RA TI Risk factors for acute symptomatic coccidioidomycosis among elderly persons in Arizona, 1996-1997 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 07-16, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID DISEASE AB Because of the increase in incidence of coccidioidomycosis among the elderly in Arizona between 1990 and 1996, a case-control study was conducted to look at risk factors for disease among these persons. Cases (n = 89) were persons aged greater than or equal to 60 years with laboratory-confirmed coccidioidomycosis; 2 control groups were selected, the first by use of random-digit dialing (geographic controls, n = 91) and the second by use of lists of persons with negative serologic coccidioidomycosis tests (laboratory-negative controls, n = 58). Elderly persons with coccidioidomycosis had spent significantly less time in Arizona than did persons in either control group and were more likely than geographic controls to have congestive heart failure or cancer, to have smoked, or to have taken corticosteroids. Elderly persons who recently have moved to Arizona or who have chronic illnesses and their physicians need to be aware of their higher risk for coccidioidomycosis in order to improve their chances of early diagnosis and treatment. These persons may benefit from vaccination, once an effective vaccine for coccidioidomycosis is developed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch MS C 09, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85723 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Hajjeh, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch MS C 09, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 181 IS 4 BP 1435 EP 1440 DI 10.1086/315400 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311KT UT WOS:000086883900026 PM 10753733 ER PT J AU Daniels, NA Bergmire-Sweat, DA Schwab, KJ Hendricks, KA Reddy, S Rowe, SH Fankhauser, RL Monroe, SS Atmar, RL Glass, RI Mead, P AF Daniels, NA Bergmire-Sweat, DA Schwab, KJ Hendricks, KA Reddy, S Rowe, SH Fankhauser, RL Monroe, SS Atmar, RL Glass, RI Mead, P TI A foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses: First molecular traceback to deli sandwiches contaminated during preparation SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Human Caliciviruses CY MAR 29-31, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; SRSV GASTROENTERITIS AB In March 1998, an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred among students at a Texas university. Overall, 125 ill students sought medical care. Case-control studies revealed that illness was significantly associated with eating foods from the university's main cafeteria deli bar on 9 and 10 March. Stool specimens from 9 (50%) of 18 ill students and samples of deli ham showed evidence of Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) by reverse-transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. A food handler who prepared sandwiches for lunch on 9 March reported that her infant had been sick with watery diarrhea since just before the outbreak. A stool sample from the infant was positive for NLV by RT-PCR, and the sequence of the amplified product was identical to that of amplified product from deli ham and students' stool specimens. This is the first time RT-PCR and sequence analysis have successfully confirmed viral contamination of a food item likely to have been contaminated by a food handler. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enterovirus Branch, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Internal Med, Div Gen Internal Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Div Mol Virol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Mead, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-07471] NR 15 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 181 IS 4 BP 1467 EP 1470 DI 10.1086/315365 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311KT UT WOS:000086883900033 PM 10753727 ER PT J AU Daniels, NA Neimann, J Karpati, A Parashar, UD Greene, KD Wells, JG Srivastava, A Tauxe, RV Mintz, ED Quick, R AF Daniels, NA Neimann, J Karpati, A Parashar, UD Greene, KD Wells, JG Srivastava, A Tauxe, RV Mintz, ED Quick, R TI Traveler's diarrhea at sea: Three outbreaks of waterborne enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on cruise ships SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY NOV 12-15, 1998 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID ILLNESS; CHILDREN AB Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) has become the leading bacterial cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks on cruise ships. Investigation of recent outbreaks of ETEC gastroenteritis on 3 cruise ships indicated that all were associated with consuming beverages with ice cubes on board the ship (relative risk [RR], 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-1.9, P = .02; RR, 1.9, 95% CI, 1.3-2.9, P < .001; and RR, 1.3, 95% CI, 1.0-1.6, P < .01), and 2 were associated with drinking unbottled water (RR, 2.7, 95% CI, 1.8-4.1, P < .001; RR, 1.7, 95% CI, 1.3-2.3, P < .001). Multiple ETEC serotypes were detected in patients' stool specimens in each of the 3 outbreaks, and 12 (38%) of 32 isolates were resistant to greater than or equal to 3 antimicrobial agents. ETEC appears to be emerging as a waterborne pathogen on cruise ships. Water bunkered in overseas ports was the likely source of ETEC infection in these outbreaks. To ensure passenger safety, cruise ships that take on water in foreign ports must ensure that water treatment and monitoring systems function properly. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enterovirus Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Danish Vet Lab, Danish Zoonosis Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Mintz, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 181 IS 4 BP 1491 EP 1495 DI 10.1086/315397 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311KT UT WOS:000086883900039 PM 10762583 ER PT J AU Feikin, DR Dowell, SF Nwanyanwu, OC Klugman, KP Kazembe, PN Barat, LM Graf, C Bloland, PB Ziba, C Huebner, RE Schwartz, B AF Feikin, DR Dowell, SF Nwanyanwu, OC Klugman, KP Kazembe, PN Barat, LM Graf, C Bloland, PB Ziba, C Huebner, RE Schwartz, B TI Increased carriage of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Malawian children after treatment for malaria with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Epidemic-Intelligence-Service Conference CY APR 24, 1998 CL CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Epidem Intelligence Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent HO CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT ID PNEUMOCOCCI AB Treatment of malaria with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine and of presumed bacterial infections with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole) was assessed to see if either increases the carriage of cotrimoxazole-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Malawian children. Children <5 years old treated with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, cotrimoxazole, or no antimicrobial agent were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken before treatment and 1 and 4 weeks later. Pneumococci were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by broth microdilution. In sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine-treated children, the proportion colonized with cotrimoxazole-nonsusceptible pneumococci increased from 38.1% at the initial visit to 44.1% at the 4-week follow-up visit (P = .048). For cotrimoxazole-treated children, the proportion colonized with cotrimoxazole-nonsusceptible pneumo cocci increased from 41.5% at the initial visit to 52% at the 1-week follow-up visit (P = .0017) and returned to 41.7% at the 4-week follow-up. Expanding use of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine to treat chloroquine-resistant malaria may have implications for national pneumonia programs in developing countries where cotrimoxazole is widely used. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Sect, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Malawi Minist Hlth, Community Hlth Sci Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. MRC, Pneumococcal Dis Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, S African Inst Med Res, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Feikin, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 181 IS 4 BP 1501 EP 1505 DI 10.1086/315382 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311KT UT WOS:000086883900041 PM 10762585 ER PT J AU Phillips, G Efstratiou, A Tanna, A Beall, B Ferguson, J Roworth, M AF Phillips, G Efstratiou, A Tanna, A Beall, B Ferguson, J Roworth, M TI An outbreak of skin sepsis in abattoir workers caused by an 'unusual' strain of Streptococcus pyogenes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE; PROTEIN; PATTERNS; TOXIN AB An outbreak of indolent skin infections due to an 'unusual' serological type of Streptococcus pyogenes that lasted for 3 months and affected eight workers in an abattoir is described. The group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates were serotyped as M-type 59; however, they possessed a T-protein pattern (T5/27/44) that is not commonly associated with M-type 59, Further genotypic characterisation studies revealed that ail eight isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and possessed the emm gene encoding for the M-type 59, Once identified, and after a combination of penicillin treatment, exclusion of workers with lesions and reinforcement of standard hygiene precautions, no further cases developed. Although common in the 1970s and 1980s, streptococcal infections in this situation are now reported infrequently. This report serves to highlight the issues surrounding working practices in abattoirs. C1 Univ Dundee, Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Dept Med Microbiol, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland. Cent Publ Hlth Lab, PHLS, Resp & System Infect Lab, London NW9 5HT, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kings Cross Hosp, Tayside Hlth Board, Dundee DD3 8EA, Scotland. Univ Dundee, Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Dept Dermatol, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland. RP Phillips, G (reprint author), Univ Dundee, Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Dept Med Microbiol, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 49 IS 4 BP 371 EP 374 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 298RB UT WOS:000086152000012 PM 10755633 ER PT J AU Israel, NRB Khanna, B Cutler, A Perry, M Caplan, D Weatherly, M Gold, BD AF Israel, NRB Khanna, B Cutler, A Perry, M Caplan, D Weatherly, M Gold, BD TI Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in cystic fibrosis and its cross-reactivity with anti-pseudomonas antibodies SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cystic fibrosis; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Helicobacter pylori; immunoglobulin G antibodies ID GASTROINTESTINAL COMPLICATIONS; CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORIDIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; AERUGINOSA; CHILDREN; PROTEINS; IMMUNOBLOT; JEJUNI AB Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its role in gastroduodenal disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) are controversial. Additionally, serologic determination of infection in this population may be inaccurate because of crossreactivity with other bacterial species. The seroprevalence of H. pylori in a cohort of patients with CF and its cross-reactivity with Pseudomonas antibodies were investigated. Methods: A research enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and three commercial serologic assays (PyloriStat; BioWhittaker, Walkersville, MD, U.S.A.; Flexsure; Smith-Kline Diagnostics, Inc., San Jose, CA, U.S.A.; and HM-CAP; EPI, Stony Brook, NY, U.S.A.) at three independent laboratories determined the seroprevalence of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies in 70 patients with CF. Cross-reactivity between solid-phase H. pylori antigens and Pseudomonas antibodies was ascertained by a competitive inhibition assay, preadsorbing sera of patients with CF with whole cell proteins from different Pseudomonas species, and serum reanalysis by each assay. Western blot analysis before and after adsorption was performed to identify potential cross-reactive antigens. Results: The research ELISA, Flexsure, Pyloristat, and HM-CAP initially showed H, pylori seropositivity of 47%, 28%, 24%, and 37%, respectively. Postadsorption seropositivity declined to 8%, 0%, 0%, and 15%, respectively. All patients with research ELISA true-positive results were confirmed endoscopically to have H. pylori infection. Western blot analysis showed a 31-kDa H. pylori protein with antigenic epitopes common to both bacterial species. Conclusions: Cross-reactivity between solid-phase H. pylori antigens and anti-Pseudomonas antibodies occurs in patients with CF. A high index of suspicion should be assumed in evaluating results of serologic H. pylori tests in this population. Preadsorption of CF sera with Pseudomonas proteins should be used in serologic tasting. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Sinai Hosp, Detroit, MI 48235 USA. Egleston Childrens Hosp, Cyst Fibrosis Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gold, BD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, 2040 Ridgewood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK53708-01] NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD APR PY 2000 VL 30 IS 4 BP 426 EP 431 DI 10.1097/00005176-200004000-00015 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 310KU UT WOS:000086828000015 PM 10776956 ER PT J AU Barrios, LC Baer, K Bennett, G Bergan, A Bryn, S Callaway, S Davis, D Downs, R Dressler, K Ho, T Karp, N Mathews-Younes, A MacMurray, N O'Brien, E Overpeck, M Reed, W Small, M Tuma, F AF Barrios, LC Baer, K Bennett, G Bergan, A Bryn, S Callaway, S Davis, D Downs, R Dressler, K Ho, T Karp, N Mathews-Younes, A MacMurray, N O'Brien, E Overpeck, M Reed, W Small, M Tuma, F TI Federal activities addressing violence in schools SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Rockville, MD USA. US Dept Justice, Washington, DC 20530 USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Washington, DC 20410 USA. Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Washington, DC 20006 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Barrios, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD APR PY 2000 VL 70 IS 4 BP 119 EP 140 PG 22 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 305MV UT WOS:000086544700001 ER PT J AU Hutchins, SS Sherrod, J Bernier, R AF Hutchins, SS Sherrod, J Bernier, R TI Assessing immunization coverage in private practice SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE immunization assessment; immunization coverage; private practice ID RATES; OPPORTUNITIES; FEEDBACK; CHILDREN; PROGRAM; IMPACT; RISK AB To achieve national health objectives of eliminating most childhood vaccine-preventable diseases by the year 2010, all health care providers will have to improve the immunization rates of their patients. Currently, immunization rates of children 19 to 35 months of age are less than national objectives, suggesting a need for optimized immunization services. A key strategy for improving age-appropriate immunization coverage by health care providers is the assessment of immunization coverage. Because most (62%) immunization services in the United States are delivered in the private sector, a concerted effort in private practice is critical to improving immunization rates. Assessment of immunization coverage of patients enrolled in private practice serves 1) to measure the overall performance of the practice in providing the standard of care, 2) to identify strategies for improving coverage, and 3) to document the quality of health services delivered (report card). Assessment of immunization coverage has been demonstrated in several practice settings to be highly effective in improving immunization rates. All types of physicians should benefit from assessing immunization coverage of their patients. Simple assessment tools ore available at no cost to the public and can be obtained by contacting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. These tools include a manual self-assessment or a computerized software package (CASA) to fit the needs of the practice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hutchins, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 92 IS 4 BP 163 EP 168 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 444BZ UT WOS:000169379200010 PM 10976172 ER PT J AU Khudyakov, YE Cong, ME Nichols, B Reed, D Dou, XG Viazov, SO Chang, J Fried, MW Williams, I Bower, W Lambert, S Purdy, M Roggendorf, M Fields, HA AF Khudyakov, YE Cong, ME Nichols, B Reed, D Dou, XG Viazov, SO Chang, J Fried, MW Williams, I Bower, W Lambert, S Purdy, M Roggendorf, M Fields, HA TI Sequence heterogeneity of TT virus and closely related viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; DNA VIRUS; BLOOD-DONORS; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS; UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY; GENOTYPES; VARIANTS AB TT virus (TTV) is a recently discovered infectious agent originally obtained from transfusion-related hepatitis, However, the causative link between the TTV infection and liver disease remains uncertain, Recent studies demonstrated that genome sequences of different TTV strains are significantly divergent. To assess genetic heterogeneity of the Tm genome in more detail, a sequence analysis of PCR fragments (271 bp) amplified from open reading frame 1 (ORF1) was performed., PCR fragments were amplified from 5 to 40% of serum specimens obtained from patients with different forms of hepatitis who reside in different countries (e.g., China, Egypt, Vietnam, and the United States) and from normal human specimens obtained from U.S. residents, A total of 170 PCR fragments were sequenced and compared to sequences derived from the corresponding TTV genome region deposited in GenBank. Genotypes 2 and 3 were found to be significantly more genetically related than any other TTV genotype, Moreover, three sequences were shown to be almost equally related to both genotypes 2 and 3, These observations suggest a merger of genotypes 2 and 3 into one genotype, 2/3, Additionally, five new groups of TTV sequences were identified, One group represents a new genotype, whereas the other four groups were shown to be more evolutionary distant from all known TTV sequences, The evolutionary distances between these four groups were also shown to be greater than between TTV genotypes. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that these four new genetic groups represent closely related yet different viral species. Thus,TTV exists as a "swarm" of at least five closely related but different viruses. These observations suggest a high degree of genetic complexity within the TTV population, The finding of the additional TTV-related species should be taken into consideration when the association between TTV infections and human diseases of unknown etiology is studied. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Med Univ, Liaoning, Peoples R China. Inst Virol, Essen, Germany. DI Ivanovskii Virol Inst, Moscow 123098, Russia. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Khudyakov, YE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, MS A-33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 36 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 74 IS 7 BP 2990 EP 3000 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.7.2990-3000.2000 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 295NH UT WOS:000085974400004 PM 10708413 ER PT J AU Butrapet, S Huang, CYH Pierro, DJ Bhamarapravati, N Gubler, DJ Kinney, RM AF Butrapet, S Huang, CYH Pierro, DJ Bhamarapravati, N Gubler, DJ Kinney, RM TI Attenuation markers of a candidate dengue type 2 vaccine virus, strain 16681 (PDK-53), are defined by mutations in the 5 ' noncoding region and nonstructural proteins 1 and 3 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; FULL-LENGTH CDNA; ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; GENETIC-DETERMINANTS; MOUSE NEUROVIRULENCE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; POLIOVIRUS VACCINE AB The genome of a candidate dengue type 2 (DEN-2) vaccine virus, strain PDK-53, differs from its DEN-2 16681 parent by nine nucleotides. Using infectious cDNA clones, we constructed 18 recombinant 16681/PDK-53 viruses to analyze four 16681-to-PDK-53 mutations, including 5' noncoding region (5'NC)-57 C-to-T, premembrane (prM)-29 Asp-to-Val (the only mutation that occurs in the structural proteins), nonstructural protein 1 (NS1)-53 Gly to-Asp, and NS3-250 Glu-to-Val, The viruses were studied for plaque size, growth rate, and temperature sensitivity in LLC-MK(2) cells, growth rate in C6/36 cells, and neurovirulence in newborn mice. All of the viruses replicated to peak titers of 10(7.3) PFU/ml or greater in LLC-MK(2) cells, The crippled replication of PDK-53 virus in C6/36 cells and its attenuation for mice were determined primarily by the 5'NC-57-T and NS1-53-Asp mutations. The temperature sensitivity of PDK-53 virus was attributed to the NS1-53-Asp and NS3-250-Val mutations. The 5'NC-57, NS1-53, and NS3-250 loci all contributed to the small-plaque phenotype of PDK-53 virus. Reversions at two or three of these loci in PDK-53 virus were required to reconstitute the phenotypic characteristics of the parental 16681 virus. The prM-29 locus had little or no effect on viral phenotype, Sequence analyses showed that PDK-53 virus is genetically identical to PDK-45 virus. Restriction of the three major genetic determinants of attenuation markers to nonstructural genomic regions makes the PDK-53 virus genotype attractive for the development of chimeric DEN virus vaccine candidates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Mahidol Univ Salaya, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Inst Sci & Technol Dev, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand. RP Kinney, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM rmk1@cdc.gov NR 71 TC 101 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 74 IS 7 BP 3011 EP 3019 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.7.3011-3019.2000 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 295NH UT WOS:000085974400006 PM 10708415 ER PT J AU Huang, CYH Butrapet, S Pierro, DJ Chang, GJJ Hunt, AR Bhamarapravati, N Gubler, DJ Kinney, RM AF Huang, CYH Butrapet, S Pierro, DJ Chang, GJJ Hunt, AR Bhamarapravati, N Gubler, DJ Kinney, RM TI Chimeric dengue type 2 (vaccine strain PDK-53)/dengue type 1 virus as a potential candidate dengue type 1 virus vaccine SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ORAL INFECTION; SHOCK SYNDROME; RISK-FACTORS; CONSTRUCTION; VOLUNTEERS; PROTEIN AB We constructed chimeric dengue type 2/type 1 (DEN-2/DEN-1) viruses containing the nonstructural genes of DEN-2 16681 virus or its vaccine derivative, strain PDK-53, and the structural genes (encoding capsid protein, premembrane protein, and envelope glycoprotein) of DEN-I 16007 virus or its vaccine derivative, strain PDK-13, We previously reported that attenuation markers of DEN-2 PDK-53 virus were encoded by genetic loci located outside the structural gene region of the PDK-53 virus genome. Chimeric viruses containing the nonstructural genes of DEN-2 PDK-53 virus and the structural genes of the parental DEN-1 16007 virus retained the attenuation markers of small plaque size and temperature sensitivity in LLC-MK2 cells, less efficient replication in C6/36 cells, and attenuation for mice. These chimeric viruses elicited higher mouse neutralizing antibody titers against DEN-I virus than did the candidate DEN-I PDK-13 vaccine virus or chimeric DEN-2/DEN-1 viruses containing the structural genes of the PDK-13 virus. Mutations in the envelope protein of DEN-I PDK-13 virus affected in vitro phenotype and immunogenicity in mice. The current PDK-13 vaccine is the least efficient of the four Mahidol candidate DEN virus vaccines in human trials. The chimeric DEN-2/DEN-1 virus might be a potential DEN-1 virus vaccine candidate. This study indicated that the infectious clones derived from the candidate DEN-2 PDK-53 vaccine are promising attenuated vectors for development of chimeric flavivirus vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Mahidol Univ Salaya, Inst Sci & Technol Dev, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand. RP Kinney, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 51 TC 120 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 74 IS 7 BP 3020 EP 3028 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.7.3020-3028.2000 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 295NH UT WOS:000085974400007 PM 10708416 ER PT J AU Wang, EY Ni, HL Xu, RL Barrett, ADT Watowich, SJ Gubler, DJ Weaver, SC AF Wang, EY Ni, HL Xu, RL Barrett, ADT Watowich, SJ Gubler, DJ Weaver, SC TI Evolutionary relationships of endemic/epidemic and sylvatic dengue viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVELOPE PROTEIN GENE; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; GEOGRAPHIC STRAINS; TYPE-2; FLAVIVIRUSES; MICE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; NEUROVIRULENCE AB Endemic/epidemic dengue viruses (DEN) that are transmitted among humans by the mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are hypothesized to have evolved from sylvatic DEN strains that are transmitted among nonhuman primates in West Africa and Malaysia by other Aedes mosquitoes. We tested this hypothesis with phylogenetic studies using envelope protein gene sequences of both endemic/epidemic and sylvatic strains. The basal position of sylvatic lineages of DEN-1, -2, and -4 suggested that the endemic/epidemic lineages of these three DEN serotypes evolved independently from sylvatic progenitors. Time estimates for evolution of the endemic/epidemic forms ranged from 100 to 1,500 years ago, and the evolution of endemic/epidemic forms represents relatively recent events in the history of DEN evolution. Analysis of envelope protein amino acid changes predicted to have accompanied endemic/epidemic emergence suggested a role for domain III in adaptation to new mosquito and/or human hosts. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Human Biol Chem & Genet, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Struct Biol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Weaver, SC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI39508, AI10984, AI39800] NR 44 TC 195 Z9 208 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 74 IS 7 BP 3227 EP 3234 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.7.3227-3234.2000 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 295NH UT WOS:000085974400030 PM 10708439 ER PT J AU de Mattos, CA Favi, M Yung, V Pavletic, C de Mattos, CC AF de Mattos, CA Favi, M Yung, V Pavletic, C de Mattos, CC TI Bat rabies in urban centers in Chile SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bats; genetic characterization; molecular epidemiology; rabies; sylvatic rabies ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEQUENCE AB One hundred and five rabies isolates obtained from domestic animals and insectivorous bats in Chile between 1977 and 1998 were molecularly characterized by limited sequence analysis of their nucleoprotein genes. These isolates were compared with viruses isolated from known domestic and wildlife rabies reservoirs in the Americas to identify potential reservoirs of rabies in Chile. The phylogenetic analyses showed that none of the Chilean isolates segregated with viruses from the terrestrial reservoirs. No non-rabies lyssaviruses were found in this study. The Chilean samples were not related to viruses of the sylvatic cycle maintained by the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) in Latin America. Five genetic variants were identified from insectivorous bats in Chile. The Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) was identified as the reservoir for the rabies genetic variant most frequently isolated in the country between 1977 and 1998. The close association of a group of viruses obtained from a domestic dog (Canis familiaris), Brazilian free-tailed bats, and a red bat (Lasiurus borealis) with viruses maintained by Lasiurus spp. in North America implicated species of this genus as the possible reservoirs of this particular genetic variant in Chile. Reservoirs for the other three variants remain unknown. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect MSG33, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Salud Publ Chile, Santiago, Chile. Minist Salud, Santiago, Chile. RP de Mattos, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect MSG33, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdd9@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 231 EP 240 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 310XD UT WOS:000086854000006 PM 10813604 ER PT J AU Duffy, R Tomashek, K Spangenberg, M Spry, L Dwyer, D Safranek, TJ Ying, C Portesi, D Divan, H Kobrenski, J Arduino, M Tokars, J Jarvis, W AF Duffy, R Tomashek, K Spangenberg, M Spry, L Dwyer, D Safranek, TJ Ying, C Portesi, D Divan, H Kobrenski, J Arduino, M Tokars, J Jarvis, W TI Multistate outbreak of hemolysis in hemodialysis patients traced to faulty blood tubing sets SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forefronts in Nephrology - News in Aldosterone Action CY AUG 15-18, 1999 CL CHANTILLY, FRANCE SP Int Soc Nephrol DE hemodialysis tubing; hemolysis; dialyzer blood lines; epidemic AB Background. Hemolysis associated with hemodialysis is rare. The most frequent causes of hemodialysis-associated hemolysis are chemical contamination, heat, or mechanical injury of erythrocytes from occluded or kinked hemodialysis blood lines. When patients in three states developed hemolysis while undergoing hemodialysis between May 13 and 23, 1998, an investigation was initiated. Methods. A case-patient was defined as any patient at healthcare facilities A (Nebraska), B (Maryland), or C (Massachusetts) during May 13 through 23, 1998 (epidemic period), who had hemolysis diagnosed greater than or equal to 48 hours after undergoing hemodialysis. To identify case-patients and to determine background rates, the medical records of patients from facilities A, B, and C who were undergoing hemodialysis during the epidemic and pre-epidemic (that is, May 5 through 19, 1998) periods were reviewed. Experiments simulating hemodialysis with the same lot numbers of hemodialysis blood tubing cartridge sets used on case- and control-patients were conducted. Results. The rates of hemolysis among patients at facilities A, B, and C were significantly higher during the epidemic than the pre-epidemic period (13 out of 118 vs. 0 out of 118. Pt 0.001: 12 out of 298 vs. 0 out of 298, P = 0.001: and 5 out of 62 vs. 0/65, P = 0.03, respectively). All case-patients had hemolysis. Twenty (66%) had hypertension. Eighteen (60%) had abdominal pain, and 10 (36%) were admitted to an intensive care unit. There were two deaths. The only commonality among the three outbreaks was the use of the same lot of disposable hemodialysis blood tubing from one manufacturer. Examination of the implicated hemodialysis blood tubing cartridge sets revealed narrowing of an aperture through which blood was pumped before entering the dialyzers. In vitro experiments with the hemodialysis blood tubing revealed that hemolysis was caused by increased pressure on erythrocytes as they passed through the partially occluded hemodialysis blood tubing. Conclusions. Our investigation traced the multiple hemolysis outbreaks to partially occluded hemodialysis blood tubing produced by a single manufacturer. On May 25, 1998, the manufacturer issued a voluntary nationwide recall of the implicated lots of hemodialysis blood tubing cartridge sets. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth,Int Emergency & Refugee Hl, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Off Regulatory Affairs, Omaha, NE USA. Dialysis Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jarvis, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop-E69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD APR PY 2000 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1668 EP 1674 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00011.x PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 300TU UT WOS:000086269300055 PM 10760102 ER PT J AU Babiker, A Darby, S De Angelis, D Kwart, D Porter, K Beral, V Darbyshire, J Day, N Gill, N Coutinho, R Prins, M van Benthem, B Coutinho, R Dabis, F Marimoutou, C Ruiz, I Tusell, J Altisent, C Evatt, B Jaffe, H Kirk, O Pedersen, C Rosenberg, P Goedert, J Biggar, R Melbye, M Brettie, R Downs, A Hamouda, O Touloumi, G Karafoulidou, A Katsarou, O Donfield, S Gomperts, E Hilgartner, M Hoots, K Schoenbaum, E Beral, V Zangerle, R Del Amo, J Pezzotti, P Rezza, G Hutchinson, S Day, N De Angelis, D Gore, S Kingsley, L Schrager, L Rosenberg, P Goedert, J Melnick, S Koblin, B Eskild, A Bruun, J Sannes, M Evans, B Lepri, AC Sabin, C Buchbinder, S Vittinghoff, E Moss, A Osmond, D Winkelstein, W Goldberg, D Boufassa, F Meyer, L Egger, M Francioli, P Rickenbach, M Cooper, D Tindall, B Sharkey, T Vizzard, J Kaldor, J Cunningham, P Vanhems, P Vizzard, J Kaldor, J Learmont, J Farewell, V Berglund, O Mosley, J Operskalski, E van den Berg, M Metzger, D Tobin, D Woody, G Rusnak, J Hendrix, C Garner, R Hawkes, C Renzullo, P Garland, F Darby, S Ewart, D Giangrande, P Lee, C Phillips, A Spooner, R Wilde, J Winter, M Babiker, A Darbyshire, J Evans, B Gill, N Johnson, A Phillips, A Porter, K Lorenzo, JI Schechter, M AF Babiker, A Darby, S De Angelis, D Kwart, D Porter, K Beral, V Darbyshire, J Day, N Gill, N Coutinho, R Prins, M van Benthem, B Coutinho, R Dabis, F Marimoutou, C Ruiz, I Tusell, J Altisent, C Evatt, B Jaffe, H Kirk, O Pedersen, C Rosenberg, P Goedert, J Biggar, R Melbye, M Brettie, R Downs, A Hamouda, O Touloumi, G Karafoulidou, A Katsarou, O Donfield, S Gomperts, E Hilgartner, M Hoots, K Schoenbaum, E Beral, V Zangerle, R Del Amo, J Pezzotti, P Rezza, G Hutchinson, S Day, N De Angelis, D Gore, S Kingsley, L Schrager, L Rosenberg, P Goedert, J Melnick, S Koblin, B Eskild, A Bruun, J Sannes, M Evans, B Lepri, AC Sabin, C Buchbinder, S Vittinghoff, E Moss, A Osmond, D Winkelstein, W Goldberg, D Boufassa, F Meyer, L Egger, M Francioli, P Rickenbach, M Cooper, D Tindall, B Sharkey, T Vizzard, J Kaldor, J Cunningham, P Vanhems, P Vizzard, J Kaldor, J Learmont, J Farewell, V Berglund, O Mosley, J Operskalski, E van den Berg, M Metzger, D Tobin, D Woody, G Rusnak, J Hendrix, C Garner, R Hawkes, C Renzullo, P Garland, F Darby, S Ewart, D Giangrande, P Lee, C Phillips, A Spooner, R Wilde, J Winter, M Babiker, A Darbyshire, J Evans, B Gill, N Johnson, A Phillips, A Porter, K Lorenzo, JI Schechter, M CA Collaborative Grp AIDS Incubation TI Time from HIV-1 seroconversion to AIDS and death before widespread use of highly-active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative re-analysis SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; HEPATITIS-C; DISEASE PROGRESSION; TYPE-1 INFECTION; NATURAL-HISTORY; AGE; HEMOPHILIA; SURVIVAL AB Background We used data from Europe, North America, and Australia to assess the effect of exposure category on the AIDS incubation period and HIV-1 survival and whether the effect of age at seroconversion varies with exposure category and with time since seroconversion. Methods 38 studies of HIV-1-infected individuals whose dates of seroconversion could be reliably estimated were included in the analysis. Individual data on 13 030 HIV-1-infected individuals from 15 countries were collated, checked, and analysed centrally. We calculated estimates of mortality and AIDS incidence rates and estimated the proportions of individuals surviving and developing AIDS at each year after seroconversion from the numbers of observed deaths or cases of AIDS and the corresponding person-years at risk. Analyses were adjusted for age at seroconversion, time since seroconversion, and other factors as appropriate. Findings Mortality and AIDS incidence increased strongly with time since seroconversion and age at seroconversion. Median survival varied from 12.5 years (95% CI 12.1-12.9) for those aged 15-24 years at seroconversion to 7.9 years (7.4-8.5) for those aged 45-54 years at seroconversion, whereas for development of AIDS the corresponding values were 11.0 years (10.7-11.7) and 7.7 years (7.1-8.6). There was no appreciable effect of exposure category on survival. For AIDS incidence, the exposure category effect that we noted was explained by the high incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in those infected through sex between men. We estimated that among people aged 25-29 years at seroconversion 90% (89-91) and 60% (57-62) survived to 5 years and 10 years, respectively, after seroconversion, whereas 13% (12-15) and 46% (44-49), respectively, developed AIDS (excluding Kaposi's sarcoma). Interpretation Before widespread use of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (before 1996), time since seroconversion and age at seroconversion were the major determinants of survival and development of AIDS in Europe, North America, and Australia. C1 Radcliffe Infirm, Imperial Canc Res Fund, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. Amsterdam Cohort Study Drug Users, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Amsterdam Cohort Study Homosexual Men, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Barcelona Haemophillia Cohort, Barcelona, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Copenhagen Cohort, Copenhagen, Denmark. Aquitaine Cohort, Aquitaine, France. Edinburgh City Hosp Cohort, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. European Ctr Epidemiol Monitoring AIDS, St Maurice, France. HERO Study, Birmingham, AL USA. Imperial Canc Res Fund, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford, England. Innsbruck AIDS Study, Innsbruck, Austria. Inst Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. MRC BIAS, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. MRC, Biostat Unit, Cambridge CB2 2BW, England. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York Prospect AIDS Study, New York, NY 10021 USA. Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, London NW9 5EQ, England. Royal Free Hosp, Sch Med, London, England. San Francisco City Clin Cohort, San Francisco, CA USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp Cohort, San Francisco, CA USA. San Francisco Mens Hlth Study, San Francisco, CA USA. Scottish Ctr Infect & Environm Hlth, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Lausanne, Switzerland. Sydney AIDS Prospect Study, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Sydney Primary HIV Infect Cohort, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Sydney Primary HIV Infect Working Party, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Sydney Red Cross Cohort, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Toronto Sexual Hlth Study, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Utrecht Hosp, Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Penn, Risk Assessment Project, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USAF, HIV Nat Hist Study, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USA, Data Syst Cohort, Washington, DC 20310 USA. USN, HIV Cohort, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Valencia Haemophilia Cohort, Valencia, Spain. Vancouver Lymphadenopathy AIDS Study, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Beral, V (reprint author), Radcliffe Infirm, Imperial Canc Res Fund, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Gibson Bldg, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. RI Sabin, Caroline/C-2464-2008; Phillips, Andrew/B-4427-2008; Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013; Kaldor, John /D-4545-2011; SHCS, int. coll. B/G-4090-2011; SHCS, all/G-4072-2011; Metzger, David/D-9499-2012; Hendrix, Craig/G-4182-2014; REZZA, GIOVANNI/D-4393-2016; DEL AMO VALERO, JULIA/M-7020-2015 OI Phillips, Andrew/0000-0003-2384-4807; Hendrix, Craig/0000-0002-5696-8665; REZZA, GIOVANNI/0000-0003-0268-6790; DEL AMO VALERO, JULIA/0000-0002-3104-540X NR 26 TC 261 Z9 266 U1 2 U2 16 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 355 IS 9210 BP 1131 EP 1137 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 302TC UT WOS:000086380900010 ER PT J AU Woods, CW Sackey, SO Bugri, S Perkins, BA Rosenstein, NE AF Woods, CW Sackey, SO Bugri, S Perkins, BA Rosenstein, NE TI Control of meningococcal disease in west Africa - reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ghana Minist Hlth, Accra, Ghana. RP Rosenstein, NE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 355 IS 9210 BP 1185 EP 1185 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)72264-9 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 302TC UT WOS:000086380900049 ER PT J AU Irwin, KL Moorman, AC O'Sullivan, MJ Sperling, R Koestler, ME Soto, I Rice, R Brodman, M Yasin, S Droese, A Zhang, D Schwartz, DA Byers, RH AF Irwin, KL Moorman, AC O'Sullivan, MJ Sperling, R Koestler, ME Soto, I Rice, R Brodman, M Yasin, S Droese, A Zhang, D Schwartz, DA Byers, RH CA PID-HIV Infection Study Grp TI Influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection on pelvic inflammatory disease SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; ACUTE SALPINGITIS; WOMEN; ENDOMETRITIS; MICROBIOLOGY; DOXYCYCLINE; THERAPY; ABIDJAN AB Objective: To examine the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on clinical and microbiologic characteristics of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Methods: Forty-four HIV-infected women and 163 HIV noninfected women diagnosed with PID by standard case definition were evaluated by using clinical severity scores, transabdominal sonograms, and endometrial biopsies. After testing for bacterial infections, patients were prescribed antibiotics as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC). Results: Symptoms of PID and analgesic use before enrollment did not differ by HIV serostatus. More HIV-infected women had received antibiotics before enrollment (40.9% versus 27.2%, P = .08), a factor associated with milder signs regardless of serostatus. More HIV-infected women had sonographically diagnosed adnexal masses at enrollment (45.8% versus 27.1%, P = .08), a difference that yielded higher median severity scores (17.5 of 42 points versus 15 of 42 points, P = .07). However, those differences were not significant at the P < .05 level. Mycoplasma (50% versus 22%, P < .05) and streptococcus species (34% versus 17%, P < .05) were isolated more commonly from biopsies of HIV-infected women. Within 30 days after enrollment, HIV-infected women generally responded as well to therapy as HIV-noninfected women did, regardless of initial CD4 T-lymphocyte percentage. Conclusion: Among women with acute PID, HIV infection was associated with more sonographically diagnosed adnexal masses. Clinical response to CDC-recommended antibiotics did not differ appreciably by serostatus. Mycoplasmas and streptococci were isolated more commonly from HIV-infectcd women, but those organisms also might be associated with PID in immunocompetent women. (C) 2000 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Miami, FL USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Irwin, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 95 IS 4 BP 525 EP 534 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00621-3 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 296NT UT WOS:000086031000010 PM 10725484 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM AF Mannino, DM TI How much asthma is occupationally related? SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; CHRONIC RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; GENERAL-POPULATION; PASSIVE SMOKING; UNITED-KINGDOM; COMMUNITY; EXPOSURE; ADULTS; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 54 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 0885-114X J9 OCCUP MED JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev. PD APR-JUN PY 2000 VL 15 IS 2 BP 359 EP 368 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 353TL UT WOS:000089291500003 PM 10769342 ER PT J AU Sutter, RW Prevots, DR Cochi, SL AF Sutter, RW Prevots, DR Cochi, SL TI Poliovirus vaccines - Progress toward global poliomyelitis eradication and changing routine immunization recommendations in the United States SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; VACCINATION POLICY; LIVE; CHILDHOOD; DISEASE; POLIOVACCINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBODY; CHILDREN; SCHEDULE AB In the prevaccine era, poliovirus was endemic, each year infecting new cohorts of susceptible infants born in the community and exposing virtually all infants early in life. In this pattern, in which women of childbearing age almost universally possessed antibodies to all three poliovirus types, passive immunity was transferred from mothers to newborns, and many infants experienced their first infections in the first few months of life, while maternal antibodies still provided some protection. In the instances in which these infections took the paralytic form, many of these cases went unrecorded in populations already faced with high infant and child mortality rates from many other causes. A change from endemic to epidemic transmission was observed in industrialized areas of the world late in the nineteenth century and early in the twentieth century, probably because of improving hygiene, which delayed exposure to the virus until later in childhood. In the United States, the median age of poliomyelitis cases increased from less than 5 years at the turn of the century to more than 10 years in the 1950s, immediately before poliovirus vaccine licensure.(37, 83) The vaccine era in the United States began in 1955 with licensure of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). Widespread use of first IPV, and later oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), rapidly controlled poliomyelitis in the United States. OPV and IPV do not contain thimerosal, an ethyl mercury preservative commonly added to inactivated vaccines. OPV has been the recommended vaccine in routine use to prevent poliomyelitis since 1965. The total number of poliomyelitis cases decreased from a peak of more than 57,000 in 1952 to fewer than 35 cases per year in 1969 to 1972 in the United States.(29) Laboratory surveillance for enteroviruses and poliomyelitis case surveillance suggest that endemic circulation of indigenous wild-type polioviruses probably ceased in the United States in the 1960s.(57, 82) The last cases of indigenously acquired endemic and epidemic paralytic poliomyelitis in the United States were reported in 1979.(14, 87) C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sutter, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 95 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 2 BP 287 EP + DI 10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70208-X PG 24 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 296PC UT WOS:000086031900003 PM 10761505 ER PT J AU Rosenstein, NE Perkins, BA AF Rosenstein, NE Perkins, BA TI Update on Haemophilus influenzae serotype b and meningococcal vaccines SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN CONJUGATE VACCINE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; GROUP-A; UNITED-STATES; GROUP-C; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; OROPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB Before 1985, Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) was the most common cause of invasive bacterial disease in children less than 5 years of age in the United States, causing approximately 12,000 cases of bacterial meningitis and 7500 cases of other invasive Hib infections each year.(20) Rates of Hib were highest among children less than 18 months of age; before 5 years of age, one in 200 children developed invasive Hib disease.(20,) (65) The case-fatality rate was 2% to 5%, and 15% to 30% of survivors of meningitis had hearing impairment or other neurologic sequelae.(20) The burden of illness caused by Hib made the development and use of effective Hib vaccines a public health priority. The use of these vaccines has resulted in the virtual elimination of Hib invasive disease among infants in only 10 years, which places this intervention among the most notable public health achievements of the past decade.(18) C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rosenstein, NE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 84 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 2 BP 337 EP + DI 10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70210-8 PG 17 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 296PC UT WOS:000086031900005 PM 10761507 ER PT J AU Saiman, L Ludington, E Pfaller, M Rangel-Frausto, S Wiblin, RT Dawson, J Blumberg, HM Patterson, JE Rinaldi, M Edwards, JE Wenzel, RP Jarvis, W AF Saiman, L Ludington, E Pfaller, M Rangel-Frausto, S Wiblin, RT Dawson, J Blumberg, HM Patterson, JE Rinaldi, M Edwards, JE Wenzel, RP Jarvis, W CA Natl Epidemiology Mycosis Survey S TI Risk factors for candidemia in neonatal intensive care unit patients SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Candida; neonates; premature infants; fungal colonization; risk factors ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; NOSOCOMIAL FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; SYSTEMIC CANDIDIASIS; COLONIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MULTICENTER; ALBICANS; OUTBREAK AB Background. Candida species are important nosocomial pathogens in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients, Methods, A prospective cohort study was per formed in six geographically diverse NICUs from 1993 to 1995 to determine the incidence of and risk factors for candidemia, including the role of gastrointestinal (GI) tract colonization. Study procedures included rectal swabs to detect fungal colonization and active surveillance to identify risk factors for candidemia, Candida strains obtained from the GI tract and blood were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis to determine whether colonizing strains caused candidemia. Results. In all, 2847 infants were enrolled and 35 (1.2%) developed candidemia (12.3 cases per 1000 patient discharges or 0.63 case per 1000 catheter days) including 23 of 421 (5.5%) babies less than or equal to 1000 g, After adjusting for birth weight and abdominal surgery, forward multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated significant risk factors, including gestational age <32 weeks, 5-min Apgar <5; shock, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, prior use of intralipid, parenteral nutrition, central venous catheters, H2 blockers, intubation or length of stay >7 days before candidemia (P < 0.05), Catheters, steroids and GI tract colonization were not independent risk factors, but GI tract colonization preceded candidemia in 15 of 35 (43%) case patients. Conclusions. Candida spp. are an important cause of late onset sepsis in NICU patients. The incidence of candidemia might be decreased by the judicious use of treatments identified as risk factors and avoiding H2 blockers. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30335 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Med, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Saiman, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, 650 W 168th St,PH 4W Room 470, New York, NY 10032 USA. NR 32 TC 298 Z9 324 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 2000 VL 19 IS 4 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.1097/00006454-200004000-00011 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 303RQ UT WOS:000086438100011 PM 10783022 ER PT J AU Pastor, P Medley, FB Murphy, TV AF Pastor, P Medley, FB Murphy, TV TI Meningococcal disease in Dallas County, Texas: results of a six-year population-based study SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE meningococcal disease; population-based surveillance; Dallas county AB Objective. Neisseria meningitidis is an important cause of serious bacterial infection in children and adults in the US. From 1992 to 1997 invasive disease caused by N. meningitidis was studied among 1.9 million residents of Dallas County, TX. Methods. The demographic characteristics and diagnoses of 151 patients were identified through active, population-based surveillance and review of medical records. Serogroups were determined for strains infecting 129 (85%) patients. Results. The average annualized incidence rate was 1.3 cases per 100 000 person years and was highest for children <1 year (13 cases/100 000 person years). Older patients (50+ years old) were more likely to present with pneumonia and less likely to present with meningitis than younger patients. Neither the fatality rate nor the duration of hospitalization for surviving patients was associated with age. Among patients with a known serogroup, serogroup C disease was found in 35% of cases <1 year old, 64% of those 1 to 49 years old and 44% of those 50+ years old. Serogroup B strains were isolated from 26% of patients <1 year, 17% of patients 1 to 49 years old and none of the patients 50+ years old. Serogroup Y disease increased from 22% to 35% of cases between 1992 and 1997 (P = 0.03). This serogroup was identified in 26% of patients <1 year old, 17% of patients 1 to 49 years old and in 50% of patients 50+ years old. Serogroup C and Y accounted for 61% of cases in children <1 year old and for 79% of cases in all age groups. Conclusion. The results underscore the importance of conjugate vaccines for serogroups C and Y. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. RP Pastor, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 737, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 2000 VL 19 IS 4 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1097/00006454-200004000-00012 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 303RQ UT WOS:000086438100012 PM 10783023 ER PT J AU Danovaro, MC LeBaron, CW Reef, SE AF Danovaro, MC LeBaron, CW Reef, SE TI Clinical diagnostic strategies for detection of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS): The potential role of universal neonatal hearing screening in CRS elimination SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 476 BP 81A EP 81A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300477 ER PT J AU Belongia, EA Sullivan, B Chyou, P Madagame, ET Reed, K Schwartz, B AF Belongia, EA Sullivan, B Chyou, P Madagame, ET Reed, K Schwartz, B TI A community intervention trial to decrease unnecessary antibiotic use and reduce colonization with penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in children SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Marshfield Clin, Med Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI USA. Community Hlth Care, Wausau, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 837 BP 142A EP 142A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300838 ER PT J AU Coronado, VG Edmund, MF Susan, C Michael, BP David, HC Norma, ML Hussain, Y Jose, CF Walter, OA AF Coronado, VG Edmund, MF Susan, C Michael, BP David, HC Norma, ML Hussain, Y Jose, CF Walter, OA TI Risk factors for underimmunization among 19-35 month-old children in the US: National immunization survey, July 1996-June 1998 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, DMD, Atlanta, GA USA. ISD, Abt, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 850 BP 145A EP 145A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300851 ER PT J AU Danovaro, MC Allensworth, CD LeBaron, CW Borden, TG Raymond, R Murray, AB Icenogle, J Reef, SE AF Danovaro, MC Allensworth, CD LeBaron, CW Borden, TG Raymond, R Murray, AB Icenogle, J Reef, SE TI Characteristics of one the largest rubella outbreaks in five years in the US. SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Douglas Cty Hlth Dept, Omaha, NE USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 853 BP 145A EP 145A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300854 ER PT J AU Davis, RL Verstraeten, T Gu, D DeStefano, F Thompson, RS Chen, RT AF Davis, RL Verstraeten, T Gu, D DeStefano, F Thompson, RS Chen, RT TI Infant exposure to thimerosal-containing vaccines and risk for subsequent neurologic and renal disease SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat, Immunizat Studies Program, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 857 BP 146A EP 146A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300858 ER PT J AU Kolasa, M Chilkatowsky, A Lutz, J Stevenson, J Watson, B Petersen, T Rosenthal, J AF Kolasa, M Chilkatowsky, A Lutz, J Stevenson, J Watson, B Petersen, T Rosenthal, J TI Assessment of immunization coverage levels in child care centers SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Hlth, Immunizat Program, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 885 BP 150A EP 150A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300886 ER PT J AU Kolasa, M Petersen, T Brink, E Bulim, I Massoudi, M Rodewald, L AF Kolasa, M Petersen, T Brink, E Bulim, I Massoudi, M Rodewald, L TI Changes in the immunization schedule: Did introduction of IPV and DTaP affect immunization coverage in infants? SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 887 BP 151A EP 151A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300888 ER PT J AU Kolasa, MS McCarty, KL Petersen, T Burd, K Chilkatowsky, A Lutz, J AF Kolasa, MS McCarty, KL Petersen, T Burd, K Chilkatowsky, A Lutz, J TI Evaluation of a city-wide immunizatin registry SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Philadelphia Dept Hlth, Div Dis Control, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 886 BP 151A EP 151A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300887 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, J Rodewald, L Berman, S Davis, R Irigoyen, M Sawyer, M AF Rosenthal, J Rodewald, L Berman, S Davis, R Irigoyen, M Sawyer, M TI High vaccination coverage in 4 health professional shortage areas (HPSA) SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Detroit, MI USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 923 BP 157A EP 157A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300924 ER PT J AU Shay, DK Holman, RC Anderson, LJ AF Shay, DK Holman, RC Anderson, LJ TI Risk factors for bronchiolitis-associated deaths among US children, 1995-1997 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 929 BP 158A EP 158A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300930 ER PT J AU Shefer, AM Smith, P Coronado, V Lyons, B Stevenson, J Rodewald, L AF Shefer, AM Smith, P Coronado, V Lyons, B Stevenson, J Rodewald, L TI Vaccination status of children in the women, infants, and children (WIC) program SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 930 BP 158A EP 158A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300931 ER PT J AU Steinberg, EB Karpati, A Giroux, J Marano, N Simons, M Dauphinais, L Kruger, K Reddy, S Martinelli, J Davis, H Hoekstra, M Henderson, A McGeehin, M Griffin, P AF Steinberg, EB Karpati, A Giroux, J Marano, N Simons, M Dauphinais, L Kruger, K Reddy, S Martinelli, J Davis, H Hoekstra, M Henderson, A McGeehin, M Griffin, P TI Gastrointestinal illness associated with school lunch programs: Baffling burritos and troublesome tortillas SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. N Dakota Dept Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 934 BP 159A EP 159A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300935 ER PT J AU Stevenson, JM Blose, D AF Stevenson, JM Blose, D TI Using registries to monitor the implementation of new vaccine recommendations SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, NIP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oklahoma State Dept Hlth, Immunizat Program, Oklahoma City, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 935 BP 159A EP 159A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300936 ER PT J AU Zimmerman-Swain, LA Reef, SE AF Zimmerman-Swain, LA Reef, SE TI Incidence of congenital rubella syndrome in a hospital serving high numbers of hispanics SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 951 BP 162A EP 162A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300952 ER PT J AU Braun, PA Steiner, JF Davidson, AJ Melinkovich, P Glazner, JE Chandramouli, V LeBaron, CE AF Braun, PA Steiner, JF Davidson, AJ Melinkovich, P Glazner, JE Chandramouli, V LeBaron, CE TI Primary care visits are not associated with lower rates of hospitalization for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions in children SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1042 BP 177A EP 177A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301043 ER PT J AU Braun, PA Steiner, JF Beaty, B Melinkovich, P LeBaron, CE Davidson, AJ AF Braun, PA Steiner, JF Beaty, B Melinkovich, P LeBaron, CE Davidson, AJ TI The association between immunization status and acute care utilization in disadvantaged children SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family Med, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1041 BP 177A EP 177A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301042 ER PT J AU Clark, SJ Freed, GL Santoli, JM AF Clark, SJ Freed, GL Santoli, JM TI Primary care physicians' awareness and adoption of rotavirus vaccine SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Altanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1066 BP 181A EP 181A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301066 ER PT J AU Hambidge, SJ Phibbs, SL Miller, KN Espinosa-Organista, L Chandramouli, V LeBaron, CE Steiner, JF Davidson, AJ AF Hambidge, SJ Phibbs, SL Miller, KN Espinosa-Organista, L Chandramouli, V LeBaron, CE Steiner, JF Davidson, AJ TI Impact of varying surveillance and documentation efforts on immunization rates in an inner-city population SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Denver Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1153 BP 196A EP 196A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301153 ER PT J AU Hambidge, SJ Phibbs, SL Miller, KN Espinosa-Organista, L Chandramouli, V LeBaron, CE Steiner, JF Davidson, AJ AF Hambidge, SJ Phibbs, SL Miller, KN Espinosa-Organista, L Chandramouli, V LeBaron, CE Steiner, JF Davidson, AJ TI Clinic-based randomized controlled trial to increase well child care and immunization rates in an inner city population SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Denver Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1152 BP 196A EP 196A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301152 ER PT J AU Kanny, D Schieber, RA Pryor, V AF Kanny, D Schieber, RA Pryor, V TI Preventing childhood bicycle-related head injuries: How effective are state laws and school policies in increasing helmet use? SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Div Emergency Med, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1180 BP 200A EP 200A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301180 ER PT J AU LeBaron, CW Lyons, B Massoudi, M Stevenson, J AF LeBaron, CW Lyons, B Massoudi, M Stevenson, J TI The childhood vaccination infrastructure of the United States SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1206 BP 205A EP 205A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301206 ER PT J AU Nordin, JD Harpaz, R Rush, W AF Nordin, JD Harpaz, R Rush, W TI Using managed care data systems to address public health and surveillance questions: Can we establish a benchmark for measles case-finding effort? SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hlth Partners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1262 BP 214A EP 214A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301262 ER PT J AU Rodewald, LE Maes, EF Smith, P Coronado, V AF Rodewald, LE Maes, EF Smith, P Coronado, V TI Immunization providers for poor children: Privatization and performance SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1308 BP 222A EP 222A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301308 ER PT J AU Sansom, SL Barker, L Corso, P Brown, CJ Deuson, R AF Sansom, SL Barker, L Corso, P Brown, CJ Deuson, R TI Parental attitudes toward rotavirus vaccine SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1313 BP 223A EP 223A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301313 ER PT J AU Santoli, JM Rodewald, LE Yusuf, HR Lu, PJ Rosenthal, J Maes, EF AF Santoli, JM Rodewald, LE Yusuf, HR Lu, PJ Rosenthal, J Maes, EF TI Who vaccinates preschool children in underserved urban areas? SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1315 BP 223A EP 223A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301315 ER PT J AU Santoli, JM Massoudi, MS Wattigney, WA Lane, KS Kalinowski, A Rodewald, LE AF Santoli, JM Massoudi, MS Wattigney, WA Lane, KS Kalinowski, A Rodewald, LE TI Many children served by health department immunization-only clinics could be vaccinated elsewhere SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1314 BP 223A EP 223A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301314 ER PT J AU Shefer, AM Rosenthal, J Rodewald, L Bernier, R Feikema, S AF Shefer, AM Rosenthal, J Rodewald, L Bernier, R Feikema, S TI Potential impact of proposed ACIP revaccination guidelines SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1328 BP 225A EP 225A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301327 ER PT J AU Wheeler-Sherman, J Sherman, MP Bernert, JT AF Wheeler-Sherman, J Sherman, MP Bernert, JT TI Prenatal nicotine exposure lowers newborn heart rate and limits variability SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tobacco Exposure Biomarkers Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1383 BP 234A EP 234A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301382 ER PT J AU Yusuf, H Daniels, D Smith, P Coronado, V Rodewald, L AF Yusuf, H Daniels, D Smith, P Coronado, V Rodewald, L TI Does hepatitis B vaccination at birth increase the likelihood of completing the hepatitis B vaccine series and the 4 : 3 : 1 : 3 vaccine series SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1395 BP 236A EP 236A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301394 ER PT J AU Yusuf, H Adams, M Rodewald, L Lu, P Santoli, J Rosenthal, J AF Yusuf, H Adams, M Rodewald, L Lu, P Santoli, J Rosenthal, J TI Fragmentation of immunization history between parents and providers of preschool children in selected underserved areas SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1394 BP 236A EP 236A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301393 ER PT J AU Benin, AL Besser, RE AF Benin, AL Besser, RE TI Pediatric Legionnaires' disease, the first 100 reported cases, 1980-1997: Who gets tested? Who gets reported? SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, NCID, DBMD, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1514 BP 257A EP 257A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301512 ER PT J AU Galil, K Lin, F Seward, J AF Galil, K Lin, F Seward, J TI Hospitalizations for varicella in the United States, 1988-1995 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1542 BP 262A EP 262A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301540 ER PT J AU Hall, S Maupin, T Seward, J Jumaan, A Peterson, C Mascola, L Goldman, G Wharton, M AF Hall, S Maupin, T Seward, J Jumaan, A Peterson, C Mascola, L Goldman, G Wharton, M TI Second cases of varicella in healthy persons: Are they more common than previously thought? SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1552 BP 263A EP 263A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301550 ER PT J AU Lowther, SA Shay, DK Anderson, LJ AF Lowther, SA Shay, DK Anderson, LJ TI Respiratory syncytial virus surveillance in the United States SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1584 BP 269A EP 269A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301582 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KL Bronsdon, MA Carlone, GM Facklam, RR Schwartz, B Reid, RR Santosham, M AF O'Brien, KL Bronsdon, MA Carlone, GM Facklam, RR Schwartz, B Reid, RR Santosham, M TI Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) on nasopharyngeal carriage among native American vaccinees and their household siblings SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1608 BP 273A EP 273A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301606 ER PT J AU Saiman, L Aronson, JE Gomez-Duarte, C Gabriel, PS Alonso, M Zhou, J Maloney, S Schulte, JZ AF Saiman, L Aronson, JE Gomez-Duarte, C Gabriel, PS Alonso, M Zhou, J Maloney, S Schulte, JZ TI Prevalence of infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis and other infectious diseases among internationally adopted children SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1625 BP 275A EP 275A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301623 ER PT J AU Seward, J Peterson, C Mascola, L Maupin, T Goldman, G Goodnow, K Lavelle, K Pelosi, J Tabony, L Zhang, J Wharton, M AF Seward, J Peterson, C Mascola, L Maupin, T Goldman, G Goodnow, K Lavelle, K Pelosi, J Tabony, L Zhang, J Wharton, M TI Decline in varicella disease: Evidence of vaccine impact SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1629 BP 276A EP 276A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301627 ER PT J AU Swanson, DS Rooney, MM Griffin, DD AF Swanson, DS Rooney, MM Griffin, DD TI Seizures associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Childrens Mercy Hosp, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1637 BP 277A EP 277A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301635 ER PT J AU Vohra, K Bellisario, R Mei, JV Pass, K Hannon, H AF Vohra, K Bellisario, R Mei, JV Pass, K Hannon, H TI ZDV levels (ng/ml) in HIV positive women and their newborns (NB) by collection of dried blood spots (DBSS) SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Interfaith Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY USA. Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1933 BP 327A EP 327A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301931 ER PT J AU da Silva, CLP O'Hara, C Rebello, DC Carson, L Moreira, BM de Almeida, MCL Carestiato, FN Sampaio, J Miranda, LE AF da Silva, CLP O'Hara, C Rebello, DC Carson, L Moreira, BM de Almeida, MCL Carestiato, FN Sampaio, J Miranda, LE TI Enterobacter hormaechei bloodstream infection in neonatal intensive care units in Brazil SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CEPERJ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Lab Lamina, LAMINA, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Sampaio, Jorge/E-8645-2013 OI Sampaio, Jorge/0000-0001-7789-3028 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 2039 BP 345A EP 345A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155302038 ER PT J AU Belay, ED Holman, RC Shahriari, A Mandel, EJ Schonberger, LB AF Belay, ED Holman, RC Shahriari, A Mandel, EJ Schonberger, LB TI Kawasaki syndrome surveillance, United States, 1994-1997 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 MA 4 BP 549 EP 549 PN 1 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298QQ UT WOS:000086151000030 ER PT J AU Anderson, MS Glode, MP Burns, JA Treadwell, TA AF Anderson, MS Glode, MP Burns, JA Treadwell, TA TI Investigation of an outbreak of Kawasaki disease in Denver, Colorado SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 MA 5 BP 550 EP 550 PN 1 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298QQ UT WOS:000086151000031 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Belay, ED Clarke, MJ Kaufman, SF Schonberger, LB AF Holman, RC Belay, ED Clarke, MJ Kaufman, SF Schonberger, LB TI Kawasaki syndrome hospitalizations among American Indian and Alaska native children, 1980 through 1995. SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Rockville, MD USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 MA P2 BP 559 EP 559 PN 1 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298QQ UT WOS:000086151000086 ER PT J AU Treadwell, TA Shahriari, A Belay, ED Holman, RC Anderson, M Burns, J Glode, MP Hoffman, RE Schonberger, LB AF Treadwell, TA Shahriari, A Belay, ED Holman, RC Anderson, M Burns, J Glode, MP Hoffman, RE Schonberger, LB TI Kawasaki syndrome in Colorado, November 1997-April 1998 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA. CDPHE, Denver, CO USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 MA P1 BP 559 EP 559 PN 1 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298QQ UT WOS:000086151000085 ER PT J AU Tovar-Guzman, V Hernandez-Giron, C Lazcano-Ponce, E Romieu, I Avila, MH AF Tovar-Guzman, V Hernandez-Giron, C Lazcano-Ponce, E Romieu, I Avila, MH TI Breast cancer in Mexican women: an epidemiological study with cervical cancer control SO REVISTA DE SAUDE PUBLICA LA English DT Article DE breast neoplasms, epidemiologic; cervix neoplasms, prevention & control; uterine neoplasms, prevention & control; risk factors; breast neoplasms; Mexican women ID RISK-FACTORS; CHINESE-WOMEN; AGE AB Introduction In Mexico, breast cancer (BC) is one of the main causes of cancer deaths in women, with increasing incidence and mortality in recent years. Therefore, the aim of the study is identify possible risk factors related to BC. Methods An epidemiological study of hospital cases of BC and controls with cervical uterine cancer (CUCA) was carried out at eight third level concentration hospitals in Mexico City. The total of 353 incident cases of BC and 630 controls with CUCA were identified among women younger than 75 years who had been residents of the metropolitan area of Mexico City for at least one year. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically in both groups. Variables were analyzed according to biological and statistical plausibility criteria. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out. Cases and controls were stratified according to the menopausal hormonal status (pre and post menopause). Results The factors associated with BC were: higher socioeconomic level (OR=2.77; 95%CI = 1.77 - 4.35); early menarche (OR= 1.32; 95%CI= 0.88 - 2.00); old age at first pregnancy (>31 years: OR=5.49; 95%CI=2.16 - 13.98) and a family history of BC (OR= 4.76; 95% CI= 2.10 - 10.79). In contrast, an increase in the duration of the breastfeeding period was a protective factor (>25 months: OR= 0.38; 95%CI= 0.20 0.70). Conclusions This study contributes to the identification of risk factors for BC described in the international literature, in the population of Mexican women. Breastfeeding appears to play an important role in protecting women from BC. Because of changes in women's lifestyles, lactation is decreasing in Mexico, and young women tend not to breastfeed or to shorten the duration of lactation. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Res Ctr Populat Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tovar-Guzman, V (reprint author), Av Univ,655 CP 62508,Col Sta Maria Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU REVISTA DE SAUDE PUBLICA PI SAO PAULO PA FACULDADE SAUDE PUBL DA USP, AV DR ARNALDO 715, 01255 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0034-8910 J9 REV SAUDE PUBL JI Rev. Saude Publica PD APR PY 2000 VL 34 IS 2 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 323KV UT WOS:000087565300003 PM 10881145 ER PT J AU Mahy, BWJ Brown, CC AF Mahy, BWJ Brown, CC TI Emerging zoonoses: crossing the species barrier SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE bacteria; emerging diseases; prions; public health; species barriers; viruses; zoonoses ID GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; REEMERGING DISEASE; PLAGUE; LEPTOSPIROSIS; MORBILLIVIRUS; INFLUENZA; SPREAD; AGENT; UK AB The ability of infectious disease agents to cross the species barrier has long been recognised for many zoonotic diseases. New viral zoonotic diseases, such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by human immunodeficiency viruses 1 or 2, emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, and have become established in the human population. Influenza virus continues to find new ways to move from avian species into humans. The filoviruses and the newer paramyxoviruses, Hendra and Nipah, highlight the increasing proclivity of some animal viral agents to infect human populations with devastating results. A previously unknown transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, has emerged in cattle in Europe and spread to humans as well as other animal species. A novel toxicosis, caused by Pfiesteria spp. dinoflagellates, has become a secondary problem in some areas where large fish kills have occurred. The increasing proximity of human and animal populations has led to the emergence of, or increase in, bacterial zoonoses such as plague, leptospirosis and ehrlichiosis. The factors which influence the ability of each infectious agent to effectively cross the species barrier and infect new cells and populations are poorly understood. However, for all of these diseases, the underlying theme is the growth of the human population, the mobility of that population, and the efforts expended to keep that population nourished. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mahy, BWJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 300FM UT WOS:000086242500005 PM 11189724 ER PT J AU Komar, N AF Komar, N TI West Nile viral encephalitis SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE arboviruses; epidemiology; equine encephalitis; equines; flaviviruses; North America; public health; reviews; West Nile virus; zoonoses ID VIRUS; FLAVIVIRUS; VECTOR; CULICIDAE; INFECTION; DIPTERA; GENE; PIGS AB West Nile virus (WNV) has emerged in recent years in temperate regions of Europe and North America, presenting a threat to both public and animal health. The most serious manifestation of infection is fatal encephalitis in humans and horses, as well as mortality in certain domestic and wild birds. a recent development in the epizootiology of this mosquito-borne flavivirus was the occurrence of a severe outbreak in New York City and surrounding areas. During this outbreak, mortality was observed in humans, horses, a cat and numerous species of wild birds, particularly members of the family Corvidae (crows). The author reviews basic information and summarises recent developments in the epidemiology and epizootiology of WNV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 93 TC 145 Z9 150 U1 2 U2 7 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1 BP 166 EP 176 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 300FM UT WOS:000086242500016 PM 11189714 ER PT J AU Kahn, RH Moseley, KE Johnson, G Farley, TA AF Kahn, RH Moseley, KE Johnson, G Farley, TA TI Potential for community-based screening, treatment, and antibiotic prophylaxis for syphilis prevention SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ELIMINATION AB Background: The recent syphilis epidemic in Louisiana occurred predominantly among disadvantaged African Americans who may distrust public health agencies and prevention efforts. Objectives: To determine community perceptions regarding trust and use of public health clinics, to assess whether race of provider is important to persons at risk for syphilis, and to assess the willingness of persons to participate in syphilis screening, treatment, and antibiotic prophylaxis. Study Design: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 community leaders and 38 community members who were at risk for syphilis. Quantitative surveys were completed by persons with primary or secondary syphilis (n = 92), their sexual contacts (n = 56), and with neighborhood controls (n = 143), Three possible programs for syphilis screening and antibiotic prophylaxis were proposed (1) bar setting; (2) home setting, and (3) mobile health-van setting in high-risk communities. Results: In qualitative interviews, community leaders and community members reported a high degree of trust in the public sexually transmitted disease clinic. A majority of respondents felt that race was not a factor in choosing healthcare providers. Respondents favored the provision of services in a mobile health van over in a bar or in their homes. In quantitative interviews, more than 80% of community members surveyed reported that they would go to a mobile health van for syphilis testing. Nearly two thirds of respondents reported that they would be willing to take oral prophylaxis for syphilis, and more than half of respondents reported that they would accept an injection. Conclusions: Community members trust the public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic, are generally not concerned with the race of healthcare providers, and are supportive of community-based STD screening, treatment, and antibiotic prophylaxis provided from a mobile clinic. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Kahn, RH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-27, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 27 IS 4 BP 188 EP 192 DI 10.1097/00007435-200004000-00002 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 303CY UT WOS:000086404300002 PM 10782739 ER PT J AU Gorbach, PM Aral, SO Celum, C Stoner, BP Whittington, WLH Galea, J Coronado, N Connor, S Holmes, KK AF Gorbach, PM Aral, SO Celum, C Stoner, BP Whittington, WLH Galea, J Coronado, N Connor, S Holmes, KK TI Notify or not to notify - STD patients' perspectives of partner notification in Seattle SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; TRIAL AB Background and Objectives: To obtain patients' perspectives on why only some partners are notified in partner-notification programs, the cornerstone of sexually transmitted disease (STD) control, although low proportions of partners are located and evaluated. Goals: To describe patterns of partner notification reported by persons with STD infection. Study Design: In-depth interviews conducted in Seattle with 60 heterosexual men and women with gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, or nongonoccocal urethritis, and 19 men with gonorrhea reporting sex with men (MSM) were tape recorded, transcribed verbatim, and content analyzed. Results: The typical notification pattern was to notify a main partner but not others. Least likely to be notified were partners perceived as transmitters, contacts preceding the onset of symptoms, the oral sex and anonymous contacts of MSM, one-time partners of men, and incarcerated and former partners of women. Fears among young heterosexual participants included gossip and violence (women), Fears among MSM included rejection. Conclusions: Partner-notification programs should develop innovative approaches for partners perceived as transmitters, oral-sex only contacts of MSM, and contacts preceding symptom onset. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STD Res, Seattle, WA USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Washington Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO USA. RP Gorbach, PM (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth CHHS, 5500 Champanile DR, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 31448, AI 07149] NR 12 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 27 IS 4 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1097/00007435-200004000-00003 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 303CY UT WOS:000086404300003 PM 10782740 ER PT J AU Mertz, KJ Finelli, L Levine, WC Mognoni, RC Berman, SM Fishbein, M Garnett, G St Louis, ME AF Mertz, KJ Finelli, L Levine, WC Mognoni, RC Berman, SM Fishbein, M Garnett, G St Louis, ME TI Gonorrhea in male adolescents and young adults in Newark, New Jersey - Implications of risk factors and patient preferences for prevention strategies SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CONDOM USERS; TRANSMISSION; URETHRITIS; REDUCTION; BREAKAGE; SLIPPAGE; HIV-1; TRIAL AB Background: Although the national rate of gonorrhea declined 68% from 1975 to 1995, rates remain high in many inner-city areas. In 1995, the gonorrhea rate in Newark, NJ, was five times the US rate. Objective: To determine factors associated with acquisition of gonorrhea by men in Newark. Study Design: A case-control study conducted at the sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Newark, comparing males 15 to 29 years with culture-confirmed gonorrhea to controls with no STD. Results: Compared with controls, males with gonorrhea more frequently reported at least 1 casual sex partner within the preceding month (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.2; 95% CI, 1.8-5.7), sex after using marijuana during the preceding month (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.3), and a history of incarceration (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.7). Of males with casual partners, having a new casual sexual relationship (onset within the past month) was particularly risky for gonorrhea (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.2-12.7). Incorrect condom use was highly prevalent for both eases and controls, Many persons with gonorrhea reported that they were not willing to consistently use condoms or to have only one partner. Conclusions: Sex with casual partners is associated with gonorrhea in males, and may be a difficult practice to change. Condoms are often used incorrectly, if at all, in this population. Prevention strategies, in addition to the promotion of condom use and monogamy, may be necessary. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Div Communicable Dis, Trenton, NJ USA. Univ Oxford, Ctr Epidemiol Infect Dis, Oxford, England. RP Mertz, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Garnett, Geoffrey/A-9312-2008 NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 27 IS 4 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1097/00007435-200004000-00004 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 303CY UT WOS:000086404300004 PM 10782741 ER PT J AU Stoner, BP Whittington, WL Hughes, JP Aral, SO Holmes, KK AF Stoner, BP Whittington, WL Hughes, JP Aral, SO Holmes, KK TI Comparative epidemiology of heterosexual gonococcal and chlamydial networks - Implications for transmission patterns SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SOCIAL NETWORKS; HIV-INFECTION; MIXING PATTERNS; SPREAD; DYNAMICS; GONORRHEA AB Objective: Networks of sex-partner interaction affect differential risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections. The authors evaluated sociodemographic and behavioral factors that correlated with membership in networks of gonococcal and chlamydial transmission. Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 127 patients with gonorrhea and 184 patients with chlamydia (index cases) and their named sex partners, as well as the partners of infected partners. Detailed information was obtained regarding demographic, behavioral, and sexual-history characteristics of all respondents, Results: Gonococcal-network members differed significantly from chlamydial-network members in a number of demographic variables, including race or ethnicity, education, and unemployment status. Gonococcal-network members were more likely to report past history of crack-cocaine use, sexual assault, and having been in jail. Gonococcal-network members also reported having more sex partners during the past 1 year and 3 months than did chlamydial-network members. Gonococcal and chlamydial mixing matrices demonstrated assortativeness for sex partner selection by race or ethnicity but not by sexual activity level, and no systematic differences between networks were noted. Gonococcal networks were larger than chlamydial networks, Conclusions: Network analyses of Gonococcal and chlamydial infections demonstrated significant differences in sociodemographic and behavioral variables. Further research is required to delineate specific predictors of network membership among persons at risk for sexually transmitted infections. C1 Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stoner, BP (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, 660 S Euclid Ave,Box 8051, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI/MH 34118] NR 30 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 27 IS 4 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1097/00007435-200004000-00006 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 303CY UT WOS:000086404300006 PM 10782743 ER PT J AU Qiao, GL Chang, SK Brooks, JD Riviere, JE AF Qiao, GL Chang, SK Brooks, JD Riviere, JE TI Dermatotoxicokinetic modeling of p-nitrophenol and its conjugation metabolite in swine following topical and intravenous administration SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE p-nitrophenol (PNP); toxicokinetics; skin absorption; metabolism; pig ID PERFUSED PORCINE SKIN; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; IN-VIVO; INVITRO MODEL; RAT-LIVER; PARATHION; OCCLUSION; PHENOL; GLUCURONIDATION; NITROANISOLE AB The development of a dermatotoxicokinetic (dTK) model for p-nitrophenol (PNP), a common metabolite from a variety of compounds and a biomarker of organophosphate (OP) insecticide exposure, may facilitate the kinetic modeling and risk assessment strategy for its parent compounds. In order to quantify and then clarify in vivo-in vitro correlation of PNP disposition, multicompartment kinetic models were formulated. Female weanling pigs a ere dosed with [C-14]PNP intravenously (150 mu g in ethanol, n = 4) or topically onto non-occluded abdominal skin (300 mu g/7.5cm(2) in ethanol, n = 4), PNP and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide (PNP-G) profiles were determined in plasma and urine in addition to total C-14 quantitation in many other samples. Disposition parameters (rate constants, F-top T-1/2, T-1/2Ka, AUG, Vss, C-1p, MAT, and MRT) and the simulated chemical mass-time profiles on the dosed skin surface and in the local, systemic, and excretory compartments were also determined. Total recoveries of 97.17 +/- 4.18% and 99.80 +/- 2.41% were obtained from topical and intravenous experiments, respectively. Ninety-six hours after topical and intravenous application, 70.92 +/- 9.72% and 98.65 +/- 2.43% of the dose were excreted via urine, and 0.55 +/- 0.16% and 0.51 +/- 0.10% via the fecal route, respectively. Peak excretion rate and time were also determined. It was suggested by experimental observation and modeling that urinary C-14 excretion correlates with the systemic tissue depletion profile well and may be used as a biomarker of PNP exposure. This study also supports the strategy of using urinary PNP as a biomonitoring tool for OP pesticide exposure, although some precautions have to be taken. The strategy used in this study will be useful in comprehensive dTK modeling in dermal risk assessment and transdermal drug delivery. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Vet Med, Taipei, Taiwan. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Cutaneous Toxicol & Residue Pharmacol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Qiao, GL (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, M S 3030,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Riviere, Jim/A-9210-2008 OI Riviere, Jim/0000-0001-8412-9650 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 54 IS 2 BP 284 EP 294 DI 10.1093/toxsci/54.2.284 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 299XT UT WOS:000086224300003 PM 10774810 ER PT J AU Busch, MP Switzer, WM Murphy, EL Thomson, R Heneine, W AF Busch, MP Switzer, WM Murphy, EL Thomson, R Heneine, W CA Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor St TI Absence of evidence of infection with divergent primate T-lymphotropic viruses in United States blood donors who have seroindeterminate HTLV test results SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID RETROVIRUS EPIDEMIOLOGY DONOR; CENTRAL-AFRICA; PAN-PANISCUS; SEQUENCES; TRANSMISSION; TRANSFUSION; PREVALENCE; CARRIERS; TRUE; RISK AB BACKGROUND: Recent identification of divergent simian or primate T-lymphotropic viruses (STLVs; PTLVs) in bonobos (formerly called pygmy chimpanzees; Pan paniscus;viruses: STLVpan-p and STLVpp1664) and a baboon (Papio hamadryas; viruses: STLVph969 or PTLV-L) have raised the possibility of human infection with these viruses. Divergent PTLV-infected primate sera show p24 bands on HTLV-I Western blots (WBs). It was investigated whether infection by divergent PTLV-like viruses could explain a subset of United States blood donors who reacted on HTLV-I EIAs and had indeterminate HTLV-I WBs with p24 bands. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Epidemiologic characteristics of 1889 donors with HTLV-I-indeterminate WBs were compared to those of donors with confirmed retrovirus infections (393 with HIV, 201 with HTLV-I, 513 with HTLV-II) and 1.6 million donors with nonreactive screening tests. To directly probe for infection with divergent PTLVs, 2 HTLV-I-indeterminate donors born in Africa and 269 representative non-African-born donors with p24 bands on HTLV-IWBs (previously shown to be negative for HTLV-I and -II DNA by PCR) were selected for PTLV PCR analysis. DNA from peripheral blood MNC samples was tested for a proviral tax sequence by PCR using generic primers that amplify HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and the divergent PTLVs. Amplified tax sequences were detected by Southern blot hybridization to a P-32-labeled generic PTLV probe. PCR-positive samples could then be typed by hybridization with virus-specific internal probes that differentiate HTLV-I, HTLV-II, PTLV-L, and STLVpan-p. RESULTS: In the epidemiologic analysis, HTLV-indeterminate status was independently associated with age of at least 25 years (OR = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.93-2.49), black (OR = 3.27; 95% CI, 2.90-3.67) or Hispanic (OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.52-2.16) race or ethnicity, and donation at one blood center (Baltimore) (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.1 1-1.53). None of the 271 HTLV-I WE-indeterminate samples tested positive by generic PTLV PGR analysis. CONCLUSION: Although the epidemiologic data suggest the possibility of undiagnosed HTLV-I, HTLV-II, or a cross-reactive virus such as PTLV among older, black, and Hispanic blood donors, the PCR data do not support the presence of divergent PTLV infection among US blood donors with HTLV-I-indeterminate results. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Westat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, NCID, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HB-97078, N01-HB-47117, N01-HB-97077] NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 4 BP 443 EP 449 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40040443.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 307FP UT WOS:000086643000011 PM 10773057 ER PT J AU Nel, L Jacobs, J Jaftha, J von Teichman, B Bingham, J AF Nel, L Jacobs, J Jaftha, J von Teichman, B Bingham, J TI New cases of Mokola virus infection in South Africa: A genotypic comparison of southern African virus isolates SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Mokola virus; molecular epidemiology; Lyssavirus; phylogeny ID RABIES VIRUS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENE AB Mokola virus, one of the six genotypes within the Lyssavirus genus of the Rhabdoviridae family, is believed to be exclusive to the African continent, where infections in various mammal species have been reported. After an isolation of Mokola virus at Umhlanga on the east coast of South Africa in 1970, the virus was not reported in South Africa until its reappearance in 1995. Since then a total of six new isolates of the virus were made, three from the East London region in 1995 and 1996, two near Pinetown in 1997 and a further isolate in a residential suburb of the city of Pietermaritzburg, in 1998. These isolation sites are respectively about 500 km (East London region) and 23 to 60 km from the site of the 1970 isolation Phylogenetically the three isolates from the East London area were similar and could be distinguished from the four KwaZulu-Natal isolates, which formed a defined group of their own. The viruses comprising these two clusters were also found to be distant from another southern African isolate, made in 1982 in Zimbabwe, Mokola virus isolates thus conforms to a pattern of virus evolution strongly influenced by geographical determinants. In comparison to Rabies virus, of which at least two different biotypes are known and a vast array of different wildlife species contribute to its complex epidemiology on the sub-continent, Mokola viruses have only been isolated form one species, i.e. domestic cats, in South Africa. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity among the Mokola virus isolates is far greater than the degree of variation among the Rabies virus populations of the region. C1 Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Rabies Unit, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. Univ Pretoria, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol Biol & Agr Sci, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Nel, L (reprint author), Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & RickettsialZoonoses Branch, Rabies Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Nel, Louis/F-1001-2012; Bingham, John/H-8591-2013 NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD APR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 2 BP 103 EP 106 DI 10.1023/A:1008120511752 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 303KY UT WOS:000086422100001 PM 10872870 ER PT J AU Jiang, B Saif, LJ Gentsch, JR Glass, RI AF Jiang, B Saif, LJ Gentsch, JR Glass, RI TI Completion of the four large gene sequences of porcine group C Cowden rotavirus SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE group C rotavirus; Cowden strain; gene segments 1-4 ID GROUP-A ROTAVIRUSES; EQUIVALENT; PROTEINS AB The terminal nucleotide sequences of group C Cowden rotavirus gene segments 1-4 were determined. When compared with the published sequences, we found 14 to 29 additional nt at the 5' ends of the four reported gene sequences. For the 3' ends, we observed an additional 16 nt in gene 2 and 14 fewer nt in gene 4. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US DHHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Jiang, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US DHHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD APR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 2 BP 193 EP 194 DI 10.1023/A:1008187002183 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 303KY UT WOS:000086422100014 PM 10872883 ER PT J AU Li, K Schuler, T Chen, Z Glass, GEG Childs, JE Plagemann, PGW AF Li, K Schuler, T Chen, Z Glass, GEG Childs, JE Plagemann, PGW TI Isolation of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating viruses from wild house mice and their biological and molecular characterization SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lactate dehydrogenase virus; family Arteriviridae; wild house mouse isolates ID PERSISTENT INFECTION; ENVELOPE PROTEINS; NEUTRALIZATION; VARIANTS; DISEASE; NEUROPATHOGENICITY; NUCLEOTIDE; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; CELL AB Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) was first identified as a contaminant of transplantable mouse tumors that were passaged in laboratory mice. It has been assumed that these LDVs originated from LDVs endemic in wild house mouse populations. In order to test this hypothesis and to explore the relationships between LDVs from wild house mice among each other and to those isolated From laboratory mice, we have isolated LDVs from wild house mice and determined their biological and molecular properties. We have screened for LDV tissues of 243 wild house mice that had been caught in various regions of North, Central and South America between 1985 and 1994. We were able to isolate LDVs from the tissues of four mice, three had been caught in Baltimore, MD and one in Montana. We demonstrate that the phenotypic properties (ability to establish a long-term viremic infection, low immunogenicity of the neutralization epitope, high resistance to antibody neutralization and lack of neuropathogenicity) of the four wild house mouse LDVs are identical to those of the primary LDVs isolated from transplantable tumors (LDV-P and LDV-vx), which are distinct from those of the neuropathogenic LDV-C. Furthermore, ORF 5 and ORF 2 and their protein products (the primary envelope glycoprotein VP-3P, and the minor envelope glycoprotein, respectively) of the wild house mouse LDVs were found to be closely related to those of LDV-P and LDV-vx. The LDVs caught in Baltimore, MD were especially closely related to each other, whereas the LDV isolated in Montana was more distantly related, indicating that it had evolved independently. The ectodomain of VP-SP of all four wild house mouse LDVs, like those of LDV-P and LDV-vx, possess the same three polylactosaminoglycan chains, two of which are lacking in the VP-3P ectodomain of LDV-C. These results further strengthen the conclusion that the three polylactosaminoglycan chains are the primary determinants of the phenotypic properties of LDV-P/Vx. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Plagemann, PGW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Box 196 UMHC,420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA09138] NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 67 IS 2 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(00)00142-8 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 324UR UT WOS:000087640200005 PM 10867194 ER PT J AU Landen, MG McCumber, BJ Asay, ED Egeland, GM AF Landen, MG McCumber, BJ Asay, ED Egeland, GM TI Outbreak of boils in an Alaskan village: a case-control study SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objective To determine whether taking steam baths was associated with furunculosis and to evaluate possible risk factors for the occurrence of boils during a large outbreak in Alaska. Design A cohort study of village residents, a case-control study and assessment of environmental cultures taken from steam baths. Setting. Village in southwestern Alaska. Participants 1 adult member From 77 of the 92 households in the village was interviewed; 115 residents with at least one boil occurring between January 1 and December 12, 1996 were considered to be cases; 209 residents without a boil acted as the control group. All 459 village residents were included in the cohort study. Main outcome measure Rate of infection among all residents and residents who regularly took steam baths, risk factors for infection, and relative risk of infection. Results 115 people (25%) had had at least one boil. Men were more likely to have had a boil than women (relative risk 1.5; 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.2). The highest rate of infection was among people ages 25-34 years (32/76; 42%). No children younger than 2 years had had boils. Boils were associated with using a steam bath (odds ratio 8.1; 3.3 to 20.1). Among those who used a steam bath, the likelihood of developing bails was reduced by routinely sitting on a towel while bathing, which women were more likely to do, and bathing with fewer than 8 people. Of the 93 samples taken from steam baths, one Staphylococcus aureus isolate was obtained from a bench in an outer dressing room. Conclusion Using a steam bath was associated with developing boils in this outbreak in a village in Alaska. People should be advised to sit on towels while using steam baths. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Alaska Div Publ Hlth, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. RP Landen, MG (reprint author), New Mexico Dept Hlth, 1170 N Solano, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 172 IS 4 BP 235 EP 239 DI 10.1136/ewjm.172.4.235 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 301AW UT WOS:000086286800015 PM 10778372 ER PT J AU Weidle, PJ Lichtenstein, KA Moorman, AC Von Bargen, JC Greenberg, KS Palella, FJ Holmberg, SD AF Weidle, PJ Lichtenstein, KA Moorman, AC Von Bargen, JC Greenberg, KS Palella, FJ Holmberg, SD CA HIV Outpatient Study Investigators TI Factors associated with the successful modification of antiretroviral therapy SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; genotypic; modification; resistance ID HIV-INFECTION; RESISTANCE; RECOMMENDATIONS; MUTATIONS; PANEL AB Objectives: To assess the characteristics of medication regimen modification and the influence of a commercial genotypic resistance assay on the short-term (3-12 weeks) viral load response (greater than or equal to 0.5 log reduction) in HIV-1-infected patients extensively treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: A nested cohort study was performed in two clinics from the HIV Outpatient Study of 96 persons with a HIV-1 viral load of 10(4) log copies/ml or greater taking at least two antiretroviral medications. Results: Successful modification was associated with adding at least two new medications [relative risk (RR), 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-2.2], adding a drug from a previously unused class of agents (RR, 2.0; Cl, 1.4-2.9), the initiation of a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) (RR, 1.7; Cl, 1.2-2.4), but not substituting a protease inhibitor or the use of a commercial genotypic resistance assay. Conclusion: Incorporating a drug from a previously unused class or changing at least two new medications, but, within the confines of this study, not using a commercial genotypic resistance assay, was associated with the successful modification of ART as measured by a reduction in viral load. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun,Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rose Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. RP Weidle, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun,Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Mail Stop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU PHS HHS [UC64/CCU5096889-03] NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 31 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 5 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.1097/00002030-200003310-00004 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 301UK UT WOS:000086328500004 PM 10780711 ER PT J AU Bhadrakom, C Simonds, RJ Mei, JV Asavapiriyanont, S Sangtaweesin, V Vanprapar, N Moore, KHP Young, NL Hannon, WH Mastro, TD Shaffer, N AF Bhadrakom, C Simonds, RJ Mei, JV Asavapiriyanont, S Sangtaweesin, V Vanprapar, N Moore, KHP Young, NL Hannon, WH Mastro, TD Shaffer, N CA Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HI TI Oral zidovudine during labor to prevent perinatal HIV transmission, Bangkok: tolerance and zidovudine concentration in cord blood SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE labor; obstetrics; pharmacokinetics; umbilical cord blood; vertical HIV transmission; zidovudine ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; PHARMACOKINETICS; INFANT; TYPE-1; RISK AB Objectives: To evaluate tolerance for the oral administration of zidovudine (ZDV) during labor and measure the resulting ZDV concentrations in umbilical cord blood. Design: A cross-sectional study of women in a placebo-controlled trial of short-course ZDV (twice a day from 36 weeks' gestation until labor and every 3 h during labor) to prevent perinatal HIV transmission in Bangkok. Methods: Umbilical cord blood was collected. Sixty control specimens and specimens from 372 women (182 in the ZDV group, 190 in the placebo group) were tested for ZDV by radioimmunoassay (lower detection limit < 1 ng/ml). Results: All women in the ZDV group took one or more labor dose, 170 (93%) took their fast dose within 3 h of delivery and only five (3%) experienced nausea or vomiting, a proportion similar to the placebo group. The median concentration of ZDV in the cord blood in the ZDV group was 252 ng/ml (range, < 1-1133 ng/ml); 31 (17%) specimens were less than 130 ng/ml (0.5 mu M), the concentration thought to be active against HIV in vitro. Median concentrations were 189 ng/ml in specimens from women taking one or two labor doses, 290 ng/ml in those taking three or four doses, and 293 ng/ml in those taking more than four doses (P < 0.01). The ZDV concentration was not associated with time since the last dose, body weight, or perinatal transmission. Conclusion: Oral intrapartum ZDV was feasible and well tolerated. Most ZDV concentrations in the cord blood after oral dosing during labor were at therapeutic concentrations but were lower than those reported after continuous intravenous administration. Although concentrations were not associated with perinatal transmission, these data do not exclude the possibility that intrapartum and neonatal chemoprophylaxis is effective. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok, Thailand. CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. Rajavithi Hosp, Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Med Serv, Bangkok, Thailand. Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, DMS, MOPH, Bangkok, Thailand. Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Simonds, RJ (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 31 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 5 BP 509 EP 516 DI 10.1097/00002030-200003310-00006 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 301UK UT WOS:000086328500006 PM 10780713 ER PT J AU Baghian, A Luftig, M Black, JB Meng, YX Pau, CP Voss, T Pellett, PE Kousoulas, KG AF Baghian, A Luftig, M Black, JB Meng, YX Pau, CP Voss, T Pellett, PE Kousoulas, KG TI Glycoprotein B of human herpesvirus 8 is a component of the virion in a cleaved form composed of amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-4; PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE; DNA-SEQUENCES; IDENTIFICATION; SIMPLEX; GB; GP110 AB Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) or Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the only known human member of the Rhadinovirus genus of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily. Antibodies against peptides representing portions of the amino- and carboxyl-termini of HHV-8 gB were produced and used to detect gB expression in Vero cells transfected with the gB gene, in the HHV-8-harboring cell line, BCBL-1, and in purified virions. Expression of gB was detected in approximately 3% of uninduced BCBL-1 cells, while up to 30% of the cells expressed gB after 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induction of virus replication. Indirect immunofluorescence assays and confocal microscopy showed that gB was distributed throughout the cytoplasm of BCBL-1 cells and transfected Vero cells. Immunoblot analyses of virion preparations revealed the presence of full-length as well as two smaller than full-length gB-derived species corresponding to the amino- and carboxy-terminal portions of gB, respectively. Biochemical analysis of the gB carbohydrate moieties using glycosylation inhibitors revealed that gB contained N-linked oligosacharides of the high-mannose type, characteristic of precursor carbohydrate chains added in the endoplasmic reticulum. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Parasitol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kousoulas, KG (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Parasitol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 30 PY 2000 VL 269 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1006/viro.2000.0198 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 299XK UT WOS:000086223600003 PM 10725194 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE Krieg, EF Hamilton, RG Striley, CAF Mackenzie, BA Viers, DM Robertson, SK AF Biagini, RE Krieg, EF Hamilton, RG Striley, CAF Mackenzie, BA Viers, DM Robertson, SK TI Diagnostic immunobiochemistry: Interpretation and reproducibility of FDA-cleared diagnostic immunoassays for latex allergy. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, DHHS, PHS,CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 125-AGRO BP U82 EP U82 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100326 ER PT J AU Orr, MF Haugh, GS Kaye, WE AF Orr, MF Haugh, GS Kaye, WE TI Hazardous substances emergency events surveillance, 1993-97. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 28-CHAS BP U451 EP U452 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246102464 ER PT J AU Striley, CAF Biagini, RE Snawder, JE MacKenzie, BA Hines, CJ AF Striley, CAF Biagini, RE Snawder, JE MacKenzie, BA Hines, CJ TI Clinical biological monitoring using immunobiochemical methods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 106-AGRO BP U79 EP U79 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100307 ER PT J AU Frieden, TR Lerner, BH Rutherford, BR AF Frieden, TR Lerner, BH Rutherford, BR TI Lessons from the 1800s: tuberculosis control in the new millennium SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID NEW-YORK-CITY; CONTROL PROGRAM; HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Frieden, TR (reprint author), WHO, Reg Off SE Asia, Indraprastha Estate,Ring Rd, New Delhi 110002, India. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 25 PY 2000 VL 355 IS 9209 BP 1088 EP 1092 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02048-1 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 302TB UT WOS:000086380800041 PM 10744106 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Baldwin, KT AF Ma, Q Baldwin, KT TI 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced degradation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway - Role of the transcription activaton and DNA binding of AhR SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CELL-CYCLE; NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEPATOMA-CELLS; MICE LACKING; PROTEIN; DIOXIN; INDUCTION; ENHANCER; TOXICITY AB Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent agonist of AhR, induces a marked reduction in steady state AhR, To analyze the mechanism of regulation of ligand-activated AhR, we examined the biochemical pathway and function of the down-regulation of the receptor by TCDD, Pulse-chase experiments reveal that TCDD shortens the half-life (t(1/2)) of AhR from 28 to 3 h in mouse hepatoma cells. Inhibitors of the 26 S proteasome, lacta-cystin and MG132, block the TCDD-induced turnover of AhR. The TCDD-induced degradation of AhR involves ubiquitination of the AhR protein, because (a) TCDD induces formation of high molecular weight, ubiquitinated AhR and (b) degradation of AhR is inhibited in ts20 cells, which bear a temperature-sensitive mutation in the ubiquitin-activating enzyme El, at a nonpermissive temperature. Inhibition of proteasomal degradation of AhR increases the amount of the nuclear AhR.Arnt complex and "superinduces" the expression of endogenous CYP1A1 gene by TCDD, indicating that the proteasomal degradation of AhR serves as a mechanism for controlling the activity of the activated receptor. We also show that deletion of the transcription activation domain of AhR abolishes the degradation, whereas a mutation in the DNA-binding region of AhR or Amt reduces the degradation; these data implicate the transcription activation domain and DNA binding in AhR degradation. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation of TCDD-activated AhR through ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. C1 NIOSH, CDC, HELD, TMBB,Mol Toxicol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, HELD, TMBB,Mol Toxicol Lab, Mailstop 3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 47 TC 166 Z9 168 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 24 PY 2000 VL 275 IS 12 BP 8432 EP 8438 DI 10.1074/jbc.275.12.8432 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 304WU UT WOS:000086507700027 PM 10722677 ER PT J AU Herwaldt, BL AF Herwaldt, BL TI Miltefosine for visceral leishmaniasis SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID TRIAL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Herwaldt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 23 PY 2000 VL 342 IS 12 BP 895 EP 895 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 296FU UT WOS:000086014100022 ER PT J AU McKibben, L Hauf, AC Must, A Roberts, EL AF McKibben, L Hauf, AC Must, A Roberts, EL CA CDC TI Role of victims' services in improving intimate partner violence screening by trained maternal and child health-care providers - Boston, Massachusetts, 1994-1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 114-117, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Carney Hosp, Boston, MA 02124 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Family & Community Hlth, Womens Hlth Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. CDC, Family & Intimate Violence Prevent Team, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McKibben, L (reprint author), Carney Hosp, Boston, MA 02124 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 22 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 12 BP 1559 EP 1560 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 293MV UT WOS:000085857300010 ER PT J AU Kremer, C Zane, D Underwood, J Stanley, S Stabeno, D Simpson, D Perrotta, D AF Kremer, C Zane, D Underwood, J Stanley, S Stabeno, D Simpson, D Perrotta, D CA CDC TI Storm-related mortality - Central Texas, October 17-31, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 133-135, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kremer, C (reprint author), Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 22 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 12 BP 1560 EP 1561 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 293MV UT WOS:000085857300011 ER PT J AU Adams, MM Elam-Evans, LD Wilson, HG Gilbertz, DA AF Adams, MM Elam-Evans, LD Wilson, HG Gilbertz, DA TI Rates of and factors associated with recurrence of preterm delivery SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LINKING VITAL RECORDS; GESTATIONAL-AGE; REPRODUCTIVE HISTORIES; BIRTH; OUTCOMES; RISK; PREGNANCIES; PREDICTION; COHORT AB Context Information about risk of recurrent preterm delivery is useful to clinicians, researchers, and policy makers for counseling, generating etiologic leads, and measuring the related public health burden. Objectives To identify the rate of recurrence of preterm delivery in second pregnancies, factors associated with recurrence, and the percentage of preterm deliveries in women with a history of preterm delivery. Design and Setting Population-based cohort study of data from birth and fetal death certificates from the state of Georgia between 1980 and 1995. Subjects A total of 122 722 white and 56 174 black women with first and second singleton deliveries at 20 to 44 weeks' gestation. Main Outcome Measure Length of gestation (categorized as 20-31, 32-36, or greater than or equal to 37 weeks) at second delivery compared with length of gestation at first delivery, by age and race. Results Most women whose first delivery was preterm subsequently had term deliveries. Of 1023 white women whose first delivery occurred at 20 to 31 weeks, 8.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6%-10.1%) delivered their second birth at 20 to 31 weeks and 20.1% (95 % CI, 17.7%-22.8%) at 32 to 36 weeks. Of 1084 comparable black women, 13.4% (95% CI, 11.4%-15.6%) delivered at 20 to 31 weeks and 23.4% (95% CI, 20.9%-26.1%) delivered at 32 to 36 weeks. Among women whose first delivery occurred at 32 to 36 weeks, all corresponding rates were lower than those whose first birth was at 20 to 31 weeks; the rates of second birth at 20 to 31 weeks were substantially lower (for white women, 1.9% [95% CI, 1.7%-2.2%]; for black women, 3.8% [95% CI, 3.4%-4.2%]). Compared with women aged 20 to 49 years at their second delivery, women younger than 18 years had twice the risk of recurrence of delivery at 20 to 31 weeks. Of all second deliveries at 20 to 31 weeks, 29.4% for white women and 37.8% for black women were preceded by a preterm delivery. Conclusions Our data suggest that recurrence of preterm delivery contributes a notable portion of all preterm deliveries, especially at the shortest gestations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Perinatal Care & Hlth Serv Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Adams, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Perinatal Care & Hlth Serv Res, MS E 52,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 159 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 22 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 12 BP 1591 EP 1596 DI 10.1001/jama.283.12.1591 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 293MV UT WOS:000085857300036 PM 10735396 ER PT J AU Rogers, JF Thompson, SJ Addy, CL McKeown, RE Cowen, DJ Decoufle, P AF Rogers, JF Thompson, SJ Addy, CL McKeown, RE Cowen, DJ Decoufle, P TI Association of very low birth weight with exposures to environmental sulfur dioxide and total suspended particulates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; environmental exposure; infant; very low birth weight; sulfur dioxide ID GESTATIONAL DURATION; RESIDENTIAL-MOBILITY; LANDFILL SITE; PREGNANCY; POPULATION; RISK; SMOKING; INFANTS; CANCER; HEALTH AB This paper presents results of a population-based case-control study of the association between maternal exposures to environmental sulfur dioxide and total suspended particulates (TSP) and risk for having a very low birth weight (VLBW) baby, i.e., one weighing less than 1,500 g at birth. The study, which took place between April 1, 1986 and March 30, 1988, comprised 143 mothers of VLBW babies and 202 mothers of babies weighing 2,500 g or more living in Georgia Health Care District 9. Environmental exposure estimates (mu g/m(3)) were obtained through environmental transport modeling that allowed us to assign environmental sulfur dioxide and TSP exposure estimates at the birth home of each study subject. Exposures less than or equal to 9.94 mu g/m(3), the median of TSP and sulfur dioxide exposures for the controls, were considered as referent exposures. Exposures to atmospheric TSP and sulfur dioxide above the 95th percentile (56.75 mu g/m(3)) yielded an adjusted odds ratio of 2.88 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 7.13), that from above the 75th to the 95th percentile (25.18-56.75 mu g/m(3)) yielded an adjusted odds ratio of 1.27 (95% CI: 0.68, 2.37), and that from above the median (9.94 mu g/m(3)) to the 75th percentile, an adjusted odds ratio of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.51, 1.72). The trend demonstrated in these adjusted estimates suggests an association between VLBW and maternal exposures to high levels of air pollution. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth Environm Hazards & Hlth Ef, Radiat Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rogers, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth Environm Hazards & Hlth Ef, Radiat Studies Branch, Mailstop E-39,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 39 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 151 IS 6 BP 602 EP 613 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 295NU UT WOS:000085975400008 PM 10733042 ER PT J AU Ballew, C Bowman, B Gillespie, C AF Ballew, C Bowman, B Gillespie, C TI Sources of variation in serum retinol levels among participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-94. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A246 EP A246 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101427 ER PT J AU Bodnar, LM Scanlon, KS Cogswell, ME Freedman, DS Siega-Riz, AM AF Bodnar, LM Scanlon, KS Cogswell, ME Freedman, DS Siega-Riz, AM TI High prevalence of postpartum anemia in US low-income women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A754 EP A754 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104365 ER PT J AU Breslow, RA Graubard, BI Sinha, R Subar, AF AF Breslow, RA Graubard, BI Sinha, R Subar, AF TI Diet and lung cancer in a National Health Interview Survey cohort. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A37 EP A37 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918100215 ER PT J AU Campbell, CE Vernon, S Unger, ER Rajeevan, M Dimulescu, IM AF Campbell, CE Vernon, S Unger, ER Rajeevan, M Dimulescu, IM TI Reproducibility and representation of cDNA labeling methods for use with arrays SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A790 EP A790 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104564 ER PT J AU Johnson, MA Fischer, JG Gunter, EW Allen, RH Stabler, SP AF Johnson, MA Fischer, JG Gunter, EW Allen, RH Stabler, SP TI Vitamin B-12 deficiency is associated with physiologic and dietary factors in elderly nutrition programs in rural Georgia. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Foods & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Hlth Sci, Denver, CO 80202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A292 EP A292 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101687 ER PT J AU McDowell, M Bialostosky, K AF McDowell, M Bialostosky, K TI Dietary assessment in the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A758 EP A758 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104387 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, CM Zhang, M Caudill, SP Gunter, EW AF Pfeiffer, CM Zhang, M Caudill, SP Gunter, EW TI Influence of specimen preparation on total homocysteine (tHCY) and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations in serum and plasma. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A231 EP A231 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101336 ER PT J AU Ramakrishnan, U Frith-Terhune, A Cogswell, M Kettel-Khan, L AF Ramakrishnan, U Frith-Terhune, A Cogswell, M Kettel-Khan, L TI Dietary determinants of low iron stores among Mexican American and non-Hispanic white females: Third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988-94 (NHANES III). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Ramakrishnan, Usha/L-8921-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A483 EP A483 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102797 ER PT J AU Tarkowski, TA Tucker, RA Lee, DR Unger, ER AF Tarkowski, TA Tucker, RA Lee, DR Unger, ER TI Molecular analysis of liquid-based cytology samples SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A789 EP A789 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104563 ER PT J AU Sippy, BD Holley, GP Alonso-Echanove, J Jarvis, WR Pearson, MP Veprek, P Pohl, J Grossniklaus, HE Edelhauser, HE AF Sippy, BD Holley, GP Alonso-Echanove, J Jarvis, WR Pearson, MP Veprek, P Pohl, J Grossniklaus, HE Edelhauser, HE TI Cellulose acetate derivatives are implicated in adverse ocular reactions following blood transfusion. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Microchem Facil, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 4126B73 BP S778 EP S778 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246704195 ER PT J CA CDC TI Importation of wild poliovirus into Qinghai Province - China, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 113-114, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Beijing, Peoples R China. Minist Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. WHO, Reg Off Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Minist Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 11 BP 1414 EP 1415 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 290UR UT WOS:000085696700009 ER PT J AU Cook, J Owen, P Bender, B Clark, T Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Bullo, I Hoecherl, S Martin, L Onaka, A Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Horvath, K MacIntyre, K Tasheff, J Sparks, T Bates, B Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Murayi, T Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Powers, L Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Buescher, P Shireley, L Pullen, P Hann, N Grant-Worley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Carswell, K Wynkoop-Simmons, K King, F Imm, P Futa, M AF Cook, J Owen, P Bender, B Clark, T Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Bullo, I Hoecherl, S Martin, L Onaka, A Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Horvath, K MacIntyre, K Tasheff, J Sparks, T Bates, B Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Murayi, T Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Powers, L Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Buescher, P Shireley, L Pullen, P Hann, N Grant-Worley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Carswell, K Wynkoop-Simmons, K King, F Imm, P Futa, M CA CDC TI Prevalence of selected risk factors for chronic disease and injury among American Indians and Alaska Natives - United States, 1995 -1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 79-91, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Ctr Dis Control, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cook, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 11 BP 1415 EP 1416 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 290UR UT WOS:000085696700010 ER PT J AU Aronson, JE Smith, AM Kothari, V Alonso, M Bledsoe, J Hendrie, N Hostetter, M Johnson, D Mandalakas, A Olness, K Miller, L Ochs, T Traister, M AF Aronson, JE Smith, AM Kothari, V Alonso, M Bledsoe, J Hendrie, N Hostetter, M Johnson, D Mandalakas, A Olness, K Miller, L Ochs, T Traister, M CA CDC TI Elevated blood lead levels among internationally adopted children - United States, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 97-100, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Winthrop Univ Hosp, Int Adopt Med Consultat Serv, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Sharing Fdn, Woolwich, ME USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Minnesota, Int Adopt Clin, Minneapolis, MN USA. Case Western Univ, Rainbow Ctr Int Child Hlth, Cleveland, OH USA. New England Med Ctr, Int Adopt Clin, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aronson, JE (reprint author), Winthrop Univ Hosp, Int Adopt Med Consultat Serv, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 11 BP 1416 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 290UR UT WOS:000085696700011 ER PT J AU Gordin, F Chaisson, RE Matts, JP Miller, C Garcia, MD Hafner, R Valdespino, JL Coberly, J Schechter, M Klukowicz, AJ Barry, MA O'Brien, RJ AF Gordin, F Chaisson, RE Matts, JP Miller, C Garcia, MD Hafner, R Valdespino, JL Coberly, J Schechter, M Klukowicz, AJ Barry, MA O'Brien, RJ CA Terry Beirn Community Programs Cli Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Grp Pan Amer Hlth Org Ctr Dis Control Prevention Study G TI Rifampin and pyrazinamide vs isoniazid for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons - An international randomized trial SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USERS; THERAPY; RISK; PROGRESSION; PROPHYLAXIS; OUTBREAK AB Context Because of problems with adherence, toxicity, and increasing resistance associated with 6- to 12-month isoniazid regimens, an alternative short-course tuberculosis preventive regimen is needed. Objective To compare a 2-month regimen of daily rifampin and pyrazinamide with a 12-month regimen of daily isoniazid in preventing tuberculosis in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Design Randomized, open-label controlled trial conducted from September 1991 to May 1996, with follow-up through October 1997. Setting Outpatient clinics in the United States, Mexico, Haiti, and Brazil. Participants A total of 1583 HIV-positive persons aged 13 years or older with a positive tuberculin skin test result. Interventions Patients were randomized to isoniazid, 300 mg/d, with pyridoxine hydrochloride for 12 months (n = 792) or rifampin, 600 mg/d, and pyrazinamide, 20 mg/kg per day, for 2 months (n = 791). Main Outcome Measures The primary end point was culture-confirmed tuberculosis; secondary end points were proven or probable tuberculosis, adverse events, and death, compared by treatment group. Results Of patients assigned to rifampin and pyrazinamide, 80% completed the regimen compared with 69% assigned to isoniazid (P<.001). After a mean follow-up of 37 months, 19 patients (2.4%) assigned to rifampin and pyrazinamide and 26 (3.3%) assigned to isoniazid developed confirmed tuberculosis at rates of 0.8 and 1.1 per 100 person-years, respectively (risk ratio, 0.72 [95% confidence interval, 0.40-1.31]; P =.28). In multivariate analysis, there were no significant differences in rates for confirmed or probable tuberculosis (P =.83), HIV progression and/or death (P =.09), or overall adverse events (P =.27), although drug discontinuation was slightly higher in the rifampin and pyrazinamide group (P =.01). Neither regimen appeared to, lead to the development of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Conclusions Our data suggest that for preventing tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients, a daily 2-month regimen of rifampin and pyrazinamide is similar in safety and efficacy to a daily 12-month regimen of isoniazid. This shorter regimen offers practical advantages to both patients and tuberculosis control programs. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20422 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Community Programs Clin Res AIDS, Ctr Stat, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. NIAID, Div AIDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Prevent Med, Hosp Univ Clementino Fraga Filho, Infect Dis Serv, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. St Michaels Med Ctr, Div Pulm, Newark, NJ USA. Boston Publ Hlth Commiss, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gordin, F (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, 50 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA. NR 34 TC 186 Z9 190 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 11 BP 1445 EP 1450 DI 10.1001/jama.283.11.1445 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 290UR UT WOS:000085696700029 PM 10732934 ER PT J AU Lieu, TA Ray, GT Black, SB Butler, JC Klein, JO Breiman, RF Miller, MA Shinefield, HR AF Lieu, TA Ray, GT Black, SB Butler, JC Klein, JO Breiman, RF Miller, MA Shinefield, HR TI Projected cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of healthy infants and young children SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; UNITED-STATES; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; EFFICACY; PROGRAM AB Context Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for infants has recently been found effective against meningitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, and otitis media. Objective Tc,evaluate the projected health and economic impact: of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of healthy US infants and young children. Design Cost-effectiveness analysis based on data from the Northern California Kaiser Permanente randomized trial and other published and unpublished sources. Setting and Patients A hypothetical US birth cohort of 3.8 million infants, Interventions Hypothetical comparisons of routine vaccination of healthy infants, requiring 4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (at 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months), and catch-up vaccination of children aged 2 to 4.9 years requiring 1 dose, with children receiving no intervention. Main Outcome Measures Cost per life-year saved and cost per-episode of meningitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, and otitis media prevented. Results Vaccination of healthy infants would prevent more than 12 000 cases of meningitis and bacteremia, 53 000 cases of pneumonia, 1 million episodes of otitis media, and 116 deaths due to pneumococcal infection. Before accounting for vaccine costs, the vaccination program would save $342 million in medical and $415 million in work-loss and other costs from averted pneumococcal disease. Vaccination of healthy infants would result in net savings for society if the vaccine cost less than $46 per dose, and net savings for the health care payer if the vaccine cost less than $18 pet dose. At the manufacturer's list price of $58 per dose, infant vaccination would cost society $80 000 per life-year saved or $160 per otitis media episode prevented (other estimated costs would be $3200 per pneumonia case prevented, $15 000 for bacteremia, and $280 000 for meningitis). The cost-effectiveness of an additional program to administer 1 dose of vaccine to children aged 2 to 4.9 years would vary depending on the children's ages, relative risks of pneumococcal disease, and vaccine cost Conclusions Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of healthy US infants has the potential to be cost-effective, To achieve cost savings, its cost would need to be lower than the manufacturer's list price. In addition to tangible costs, the vaccine should be appraised based on the less tangible value of preventing mortality and morbidity from pneumococcal disease. C1 Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Boston City Hosp, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Vaccine Initiat, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Lieu, TA (reprint author), Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 126 Brookline Ave,Suite 200, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 53 TC 198 Z9 199 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 11 BP 1460 EP 1468 DI 10.1001/jama.283.11.1460 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 290UR UT WOS:000085696700031 PM 10732936 ER PT J AU Surkin, J Gilbert, BJC Harkey, HL Sniezek, J Currier, M AF Surkin, J Gilbert, BJC Harkey, HL Sniezek, J Currier, M TI Spinal cord injury in Mississippi - Findings and evaluation, 1992-1994 SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE incidence; sensitivity; spinal cord injury; surveillance ID SURVEILLANCE AB Study Design. The Mississippi spinal cord injury surveillance system is both active and passive, designed to capture all cases of spinal cord injury through mandated reporting by multiple sources. Each case is confirmed by medical record review. Objectives. To describe the development of a statewide spinal cord injury surveillance system, discuss findings from the system, and evaluate sensitivity. Summary of Background Data. In the United States, the annual incidence rate of spinal cord injury requiring hospital admission has been estimated at 32-50 per million. With prehospital fatalities included, the estimated incidence rate ranges from 43 to 55 per million population annually. Methods. In the current study all cases identified during the first 2 years of operation of the spinal cord injury (SCI) system were included. To evaluate the sensitivity of the system, International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes from each hospital's discharge database were used. Results. The incidence rate among patients in hospitals and prehospital fatal cases was 77 per million. The rate for patients in hospitals was 59 per million. The incidence rate of spinal cord injury among males was 4.4 times higher than among females. Rates of spinal cord injury were highest among persons 20-24 years of age. Rates were similar for whites and blacks. The most frequent causes of spinal cord injury were motor vehicle collisions, violence, and falls. Additional cases were identified during the evaluation, resulting in a 94% sensitivity. Conclusions. Mississippi's spinal cord injury incidence rates are substantially higher than rates reported for other states except Alaska. The surveillance system was found to be very complete. Prevention efforts should focus on increasing safety belt usage, increasing alcohol awareness, and reducing violence. C1 Mississippi State Dept Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Acute Care, Rehabil Res Program, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Acute Care, Disabil Program, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Surkin, J (reprint author), Mississippi State Dept Hlth, Div Epidemiol, POB 1700, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. FU PHS HHS [U59/CCU412040-01-2] NR 23 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 6 BP 716 EP 721 DI 10.1097/00007632-200003150-00011 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 297AF UT WOS:000086058400011 PM 10752104 ER PT J AU Biggerstaff, BJ AF Biggerstaff, BJ TI Comparing diagnostic tests: a simple graphic using likelihood ratios SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; PROPORTIONS; CURVES AB The diagnostic abilities of two or more diagnostic tests are traditionally compared by their respective sensitivities and specificities, either separately or using a summary of them such as Youden's index. Several authors have argued that the likelihood ratios provide a more appropriate, if in practice a less intuitive, comparison. We present a simple graphic which incorporates all these measures and admits easily interpreted comparison of two or more diagnostic tests. We show, using likelihood ratios and this graphic, that a test can be superior to a competitor in terms of predictive values while having either sensitivity or specificity smaller. A decision theoretic basis for the interpretation of the graph is given by relating it to the tent graph of Hilden and Glasziou (Statistics in Medicine, 1996). Finally, a brief example comparing two serodiagnostic tests for Lyme disease is presented. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Biggerstaff, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 15 TC 136 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 19 IS 5 BP 649 EP 663 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(20000315)19:5<649::AID-SIM371>3.0.CO;2-H PG 15 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 293RK UT WOS:000085866700002 PM 10700737 ER PT J AU Rapp, JC Krug, LT Inoue, N Dambaugh, TR Pellett, PE AF Rapp, JC Krug, LT Inoue, N Dambaugh, TR Pellett, PE TI U94, the human herpesvirus 6 homolog of the parvovirus nonstructural gene, is highly conserved among isolates and is expressed at low mRNA levels as a spliced transcript SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AAV REP PROTEINS; B-STRAIN Z29; ADENOASSOCIATED VIRUS; SIMPLEX VIRUS; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; GROWTH-PROPERTIES; H-RAS; DNA; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-6; INTEGRATION AB Human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B (HHV-6A and HHV-6B, respectively) encode homologs (U94) of the parvovirus nonstructural gene, ns1 or rep. Here we describe the HHV-6B homolog and analyze its genetic heterogeneity and transcription. U94 nucleotide and amino acid sequences differ by approximately 3.5% and 2.5%, respectively, between HHV-GA and HHV-6B. Among a collection of 17 clinically and geographically disparate HHV-6 isolates, intravarlant nucleotide and amino acid sequence divergence was less than 0.6% and 0.2%, respectively; all 13 HHV-6B isolates had identical amino acid sequences. The U94 transcript is spliced to remove a 2.6-kb intron and is expressed at very low levels relative to other HHV-6B genes, reaching approximately 10 copies per cell 3 days after infection. The mRNA has several small AUG-initiated open reading frames upstream of the U94 open reading frame, a hallmark of proteins expressed at low levels. Consistent with this, the U94-encoded protein was immunologically undetectable in HHV-6B-infected cells. The high degree of sequence conservation suggests that the gene function is nearly intolerant of sequence variation. The low abundance of U94 transcripts and the presence of encoded inefficient translation initiation suggest that the U94 protein may be required only in small amounts during infection, (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Qualicon Inc, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Pellett, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Krug, Laurie/0000-0002-9648-522X NR 52 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 268 IS 2 BP 504 EP 516 DI 10.1006/viro.1999.0163 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 296MW UT WOS:000086029000030 PM 10704358 ER PT J AU Granich, RM Balandrano, S Santaella, AJ Binkin, NJ Castro, KG Marquez-Fiol, A Anzaldo, G Zarate, M Jaimes, ML Velazquez-Monroy, O Salazar, L Alvarez-Lucas, C Kuri, P Flisser, A Santos-Preciado, J Ruiz-Matus, C Tapia-Conyer, R Tappero, JW AF Granich, RM Balandrano, S Santaella, AJ Binkin, NJ Castro, KG Marquez-Fiol, A Anzaldo, G Zarate, M Jaimes, ML Velazquez-Monroy, O Salazar, L Alvarez-Lucas, C Kuri, P Flisser, A Santos-Preciado, J Ruiz-Matus, C Tapia-Conyer, R Tappero, JW TI Survey of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 3 Mexican states, 1997 SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION AB Background: Drug resistance threatens global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. Population-based estimates of drug resistance are needed to develop strategies for controlling drug-resistant TB in Mexico. Objective: To obtain population-based data on Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in Mexico. Methods: To obtain drug resistance data, we conducted a population-based study of TB cases in the states of Baja California, Sinaloa, and Oaxaca, Mexico. We performed cultures and drug susceptibility testing on M tuberculosis isolates from patients with newly diagnosed, smear-positive TB from April 1 to October 31, 1997. Results: Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from 460 (75%) of the 614 patients. Levels of resistance in new and retreatment TB cases to 1 or more of the 3 current first-line drugs used in Mexico (isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide) were 12.9% and 50.5%, respectively; the corresponding levels of multi-drug-resistant TB were 2.4% and 22.4%. Retreatment cases were significantly more likely than new cases to have isolates resistant to 1 or more of the 3 first-line drugs (relative risk [RR], 3.9; 95% confidence interval ICI], 2.8-5.5), to have isoniazid resistance (RR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.5-5.2), and to have multidrug-resistant TB (RR, 9.4; 95% CI, 4.3-20.2). Conclusions: This population-based study of M tuberculosis demonstrates moderately high levels of drug resistance. Important issues to consider in the national strategy to prevent M tuberculosis resistance in Mexico include consideration of the most appropriate initial therapy in patients with TB, the treatment of patients with multiple drug resistance, and surveillance or periodic surveys of resistance among new TB patients to monitor drug resistance trends. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Nacl Diagnost & Referencia Epidemiol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Binkin, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Sect, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAR 13 PY 2000 VL 160 IS 5 BP 639 EP 644 DI 10.1001/archinte.160.5.639 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 292RF UT WOS:000085808300007 PM 10724049 ER PT J AU van der Straten, A Gomez, CA Saul, J Quan, J Padian, N AF van der Straten, A Gomez, CA Saul, J Quan, J Padian, N TI Sexual risk behaviors among heterosexual HIV serodiscordant couples in the era of post-exposure prevention and viral suppressive therapy SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE heterosexual transmission; sexual behavior; antiretroviral therapy; viral load ID AIDS; NEED AB Objectives: To describe awareness and use of antiretroviral treatments, viral load monitoring, and post-exposure prevention; to assess changing concerns about HIV transmission; and to examine the effect of these advances on sexual behavior in HIV-serodiscordant heterosexual couples. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of a baseline sample of 104 couples (n = 208 individuals) from the California Partners Study II, an intervention trial for HIV-serodiscordant couples in California. Questions on sexual practices, viral load testing, HIV treatment, post-exposure prevention, and their effect on sexual behaviors, risk taking and transmission concerns were measured at intake. Results: Over two-thirds of couple members surveyed reported unprotected sex with their partner in the past 6 months. Among seropositive respondents, 37% were taking protease inhibitor therapy, 92% had undergone viral load testing, and of those, 40% said it had ben undetectable at their most recent test. Most respondents, regardless of serostatus, said that viral load testing and awareness of post-exposure prevention had no effect on their condom use. In addition, perceiving that their partner had an undetectable viral load was associated with having protected sex among seronegative subjects (P < 0.05). Seropositive respondent taking protease inhibitors were 2.4 times less likely to report unprotected sex compared with those not taking protease inhibitors (P = 0.05). However, up to 33% of seropositive and 40% of seronegative respondents acknowledged decreased transmission concerns in the light of the new HIV treatments. In comparison with their seropositive partners, seronegative individuals were more likely to acknowledge increased risk taking and decreased HIV transmission concerns (P < 0.05). Conclusions: New medical advances were not associated with unprotected sex in HIV-serodiscordant couples. However, new treatment options may decrease concerns about HIV transmission, particularly among seronegative partners. Providers should discuss the effect of antiretroviral treatments on sexual transmission risk with theirpatients. The inclusion of seronegative partners in counseling interventions may decrease risk taking in serodiscordant couples. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reproduct Sci, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP van der Straten, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reproduct Sci, 74 New Montgomery St,Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU912270] NR 11 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 10 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP F47 EP F54 DI 10.1097/00002030-200003100-00003 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 298TT UT WOS:000086155800003 PM 10770532 ER PT J AU Nuorti, JP Butler, JC Farley, MM Harrison, LH McGeer, A Kolczak, MS Breiman, RF AF Nuorti, JP Butler, JC Farley, MM Harrison, LH McGeer, A Kolczak, MS Breiman, RF CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Cigarette smoking and invasive pneumococcal disease. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCI; LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY; RISK-FACTORS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; NASOPHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB Background: Approximately half of otherwise healthy adults with invasive pneumococcal disease are cigarette smokers. We conducted a population-based case-control study to assess the importance of cigarette smoking and other factors as risk factors for pneumococcal infections. Methods: We identified immunocompetent patients who were 18 to 64 years old and who had invasive pneumococcal disease (as defined by the isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site) by active surveillance of laboratories in metropolitan Atlanta, Baltimore, and Toronto. Telephone interviews were conducted with 228 patients and 301 control subjects who were reached by random-digit dialing. Results: Fifty-eight percent of the patients and 24 percent of the control subjects were current smokers. Invasive pneumococcal disease was associated with cigarette smoking (odds ratio, 4.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 7.3) and with passive smoking among nonsmokers (odds ratio, 2.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 5.1) after adjustment by logistic-regression analysis for age, study site, and independent risk factors such as male sex, black race, chronic illness, low level of education, and living with young children who were in day care. There were dose-response relations for the current number of cigarettes smoked per day, pack-years of smoking, and time since quitting. The adjusted population attributable risk was 51 percent for cigarette smoking, 17 percent for passive smoking, and 14 percent for chronic illness. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is the strongest independent risk factor for invasive pneumococcal disease among immunocompetent, nonelderly adults. Because of the high prevalence of smoking and the large population attributable risk, programs to reduce both smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke have the potential to reduce the incidence of pneumococcal disease. (N Engl J Med 2000;342:681-9.) (C)2000, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 58 TC 425 Z9 437 U1 1 U2 13 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 9 PY 2000 VL 342 IS 10 BP 681 EP 689 DI 10.1056/NEJM200003093421002 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 290ZW UT WOS:000085708800002 PM 10706897 ER PT J CA CDC TI Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Fluoridation of drinking water to prevent dental caries (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 933-940, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; DENTITION C1 CDC, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 8 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 10 BP 1283 EP 1286 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 289ND UT WOS:000085628100011 ER PT J AU Feikema, SM Klevens, RM Washington, ML Barker, L AF Feikema, SM Klevens, RM Washington, ML Barker, L TI Extraimmunization among US children SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; IMPACT AB Context Little is known about the extent of extraimmunization, ie, vaccine doses given in excess of the recommended, schedule, and whether it should be a public health concern. Objectives To determine the extent and cost of extraimmunization in children and to identify its associated factors. Design, Setting, and Participants United States 1997 National Immunization Survey, in which telephone interviews were conducted with parents of 32 742 19- to 35-month-old children and vaccination histories were collected from health care providers for 22 806 of these children (overall response rate, 68.5%). Estimates were weighted to represent the full sample. Main outcome Measures Frequency of extraimmunization compared by vaccine type as well as with adequate immunization; factors associated with extraimmunization; and vaccine and visit costs associated with extraimmunization. Results Frequency of extraimmunization was less than 5% for each vaccine considered except poliovirus (14.1%). Overall, 21 % of children were extraimmunized for at least 1 vaccine vs 31 % underimmunized for at least 1 vaccine. in a multivariate model, the strongest contributors to extraimmunization were having more than 1 immunization provider (odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-3.2) and having multiple types of providers (eg, private and public health department, OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.4). Children seen only in public health department clinics were significantly less likely to be extraimmunized (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2-0.3). Annual costs associated with extraimmunization for this cohort of children were estimated conservatively at $26.5 million. Conclusions These data indicate that extraimmunization can be costly, The challenge is to reduce extraimmunization without interfering with more important efforts to combat underimmunization. Improvements in immunization record keeping and sharing practices may help reduce extraimmunization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Med Management Dept, Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Assessment Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Stat Anal Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Med Management Dept, Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Mailstop E-62,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmk2@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 8 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 10 BP 1311 EP 1317 DI 10.1001/jama.283.10.1311 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 289ND UT WOS:000085628100027 PM 10714730 ER PT J AU Kalia, M O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB Kramer, M AF Kalia, M O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB Kramer, M TI Comparative study of fluoxetine, sibutramine, sertraline and dexfenfluramine on the morphology of serotonergic nerve terminals using serotonin immunohistochemistry SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MDMA; SSRI; anorectic agent; amphetamine; neurotoxicity ID RAT-BRAIN; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE MDMA; D-FENFLURAMINE; UPTAKE SITES; NEUROTOXICITY; ECSTASY; RELEASE; PROJECTIONS; NEURONS; DRUG AB We compared the effects of treatment with high doses of fluoxetine, sibutramine, sertraline, and dexfenfluramine for 4 days on brain serotonergic nerve terminals in rats. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) were used as positive controls because both compounds deplete brain serotonin. Food intake and body weight changes were also monitored and yoked, pair-fed animals were used to control far possible changes in morphology due to nutritional deficits. Fluoxetine, sibutramine, sertraline and dexfenfluramine all produced a significant reduction in body weight. Fluoxetine, sibutramine and sertraline treatment resulted in no depletion of brain serotonin but produced morphological abnormalities in the serotonergic immunoreactive nerve network. In contrast, dexfenfluramine and MDMA depleted brain serotonin and produced morphological changes in the serotonin nerve network. These results indicate that even though fluoxetine, sibutramine and sertraline do not deplete brain serotonin, they do produce morphological changes in several brain regions (as identified by serotonin immunohistochemistry). Dexfenfluramine and MDMA, on the other hand, markedly deplete brain serotonin and also produce morphological changes. Collectively, these results lend support to the concept that all compounds acting on brain serotonin systems, whether capable of producing serotonin depletion or not, could produce similar effects on the morphology of cerebral serotonin systems. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Biochem Mol Pharmacol & Anesthesiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Kalia, M (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Biochem Mol Pharmacol & Anesthesiol, 233 S 10th St,Suite 309, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD MAR 6 PY 2000 VL 858 IS 1 BP 92 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)02430-0 PG 14 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 289TU UT WOS:000085638700014 PM 10700602 ER PT J AU Secor, VH Secor, WE Gutekunst, CA Brown, MA AF Secor, VH Secor, WE Gutekunst, CA Brown, MA TI Mast cells are essential for early onset and severe disease in a murine model of multiple sclerosis SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE autoimmunity; demyelinating diseases; experimental allergic encephalomyelitis; inflammation; myelin-associated glycoprotein ID EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; MYELIN BASIC-PROTEIN; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE-TYPE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; DEFICIENT W/WV MICE; BONE-MARROW; GROWTH-FACTOR; TNF-ALPHA AB In addition to their well characterized role in allergic inflammation, recent data confirm that mast cells play a more extensive role in a variety of immune responses. However, their contribution to autoimmune and neurologic disease processes has not been investigated. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and its human disease counterpart, multiple sclerosis, are considered to be CD4(+) T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system. Several lines of indirect evidence suggest that mast cells could also play a role in the pathogenesis of both the human and murine disease. Using a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced model of acute EAE, we show that mast cell-deficient W/W-V mice exhibit significantly reduced disease incidence, delayed disease onset, and decreased mean clinical scores when compared with their wild-type congenic littermates. No differences were observed in MOG-specific T and B cell responses between the two groups, indicating that a global T or B cell defect is not present in W/W-V animals. Reconstitution of the: mast cell population in W/W-V mice restores induction of early and severe disease to wild-type levels, suggesting that mast cells are critical for the full manifestation of disease. These data provide a new mechanism for immune destruction in EAE and indicate that mast calls play a broader role in neurologic inflammation. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Grad Program Immunol & Mol Pathogenesis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Grad Program Genet & Mol Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brown, MA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, 1639 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 61 TC 305 Z9 314 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD MAR 6 PY 2000 VL 191 IS 5 BP 813 EP 821 DI 10.1084/jem.191.5.813 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 292RZ UT WOS:000085810000008 PM 10704463 ER PT J AU De, BK Sampson, JS Ades, EW Huebner, RC Jue, DL Johnson, SE Espina, M Stinson, AR Briles, DE Carlone, GM AF De, BK Sampson, JS Ades, EW Huebner, RC Jue, DL Johnson, SE Espina, M Stinson, AR Briles, DE Carlone, GM TI Purification and characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae palmitoylated pneumococcal surface adhesin A expressed in Escherichia coli SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE recombinant PsaA; bacterial lipoproteins; S. pneumoniae ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; CONJUGATE VACCINES; PROTEIN PSAA; LYME-DISEASE; A PSAA; LIPOPROTEINS; PROTECTION; PSPA; MICE; IMMUNOGENICITY AB All Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates tested to date express a species-common lipoprotein designated as pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA). This protein is cell-associated, hydrophobic, immunogenic, and genetically conserved. It is currently under investigation as a potential component in third-generation pneumococcal vaccine formulations. To overcome the problem of low-level expression of native hydrophobic PsaA in S, pneumoniae, and also of the recombinant PsaA (rPsaA) in Escherichia coli, we generated a stable E. coli construct expressing functional palmitoylated rPsaA (similar to 10 mg/l of fermentation culture) using Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A (OspA, a hydrophobic lipoprotein) signal peptide. By Western blot analysis, the chimeric rPsaA (similar to 34 kDa) was detected in the cell lysate using anti-PsaA antibodies. It was partially purified by extracting the cell pellet with PBS/Triton X-R-114 buffers, followed by anion exchange filter chromatography. A trypsin digestion profile of rPsaA closely resembled that of the native protein, as revealed by SDS-PAGE/silver staining. Lipidation of rPsaA was confirmed by labeling recombinant E. coli cells with [H-3] palmitic acid and analyzing the labeled E. coli cells by Western blotting coupled with autoradiography. Further, analysis of purified rPsaA by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) revealed a heterogenous spectrum with a major peak (M + H)(+1) of mass 33,384 Da (theoretical mass of palmitoylated rPsaA = 33,361 Da). Purified rPsaA was immunogenic in CBA/NCAHN-XID female mice following intranasal immunization with or without adjuvant, as determined by measurement of anti-PsaA serum IgG levels, These anti-PsaA antibodies reacted with both native and rPsaA polypeptides. Our data strongly suggest that E. coli-expressed rPsaA is palmitoylated and closely resembles the native protein in structure and immunogenicity. It was also observed to elicit measurable protection against nasopharyngeal carriage with S. pneumoniae. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Pasteur Merieux Connaught Labs Inc, Swiftwater, PA 18370 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP De, BK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, MS G05,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bkd1@cdc.gov RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 40 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 6 PY 2000 VL 18 IS 17 BP 1811 EP 1821 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00481-8 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 294EN UT WOS:000085898500011 PM 10699329 ER PT J AU Priest, JW Kwon, JP Arrowood, MJ Lammie, PJ AF Priest, JW Kwon, JP Arrowood, MJ Lammie, PJ TI Cloning of the immunodominant l7-kDa antigen from Cryptosporidium parvum SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cloning; immunodominant antigen; Cryptosporidium parvum ID HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; PROTEINS; OUTBREAK; OOCYSTS; SPOROZOITES; EXPRESSION; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; WATER; IDENTIFICATION AB Infection with Cryptosporidium parvum causes a self-limiting diarrheal illness in immunocompetent humans and is associated with the development of a serum IgG antibody response dominated by the 27-kDa and 17-kDa parasite surface antigens. Antibodies against the 27-kDa and 17-kDa antigens may serve as useful markers for past infection in population-based studies of the risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection. A recombinant form of the 17-kDa antigen would be useful both in epidemiologic studies and in studies of the role of the humoral response in immunity. We have partially purified and sequenced the immunodominant 17-kDa surface antigen from sporozoites, and we have cloned a 975 bp open reading frame from C. parvum that includes all of the 17-kDa antigen peptide sequences. We show immunologic identity between a recombinant form of the protein and the native 17-kDa antigen. We conclude that the carboxy-terminal fragment of the cloned protein is the authentic 17-kDa antigen. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Priest, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Mail Stop F-13,Bldg 23,Room 1025,4770 Buford High, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 38 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD MAR 5 PY 2000 VL 106 IS 2 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(99)00223-6 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 293ZC UT WOS:000085884300006 PM 10699255 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Giles, WH Croft, JB AF Ford, ES Giles, WH Croft, JB TI Prevalence of nonfatal coronary heart disease among American adults SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROSE QUESTIONNAIRE ANGINA; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; FOLLOW-UP-PROGRAM; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HYPERTENSION-DETECTION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; POPULATION; MEN AB Background Few national estimates of the prevalence of coronary heart disease in the United Stares are available. Methods By using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1994), we estimated prevalence of angina pectoris by questionnaire, self-reported myocardial infarction, and electrocardiographically (EGG)-defined myocardial infarction. Results Among participants aged greater than or equal to 40 years who attended the medical examination, the age-adjusted prevalence of angina pectoris, self-reported myocardial infarction, and EGG-defined myocardial infarction were 5.8% of 9255; 6.7% of 9250, and 3.0% of 8206 participants, respectively. Among participants aged greater than or equal to 65 years compared with those aged 40 to 64 years, the prevalence of a self-reported myocardial infarction was more than 3 times higher and that of EGG-defined myocardial infarction more than 4 times higher. The prevalences of self-reported myocardial infarction and EGG-defined myocardial infarction, but not angina pectoris, were higher among men than women. Among women, prevalence of angina pectoris and self-reported myocardial infarction were highest among blacks; among men, these coronary heart diseases were somewhat higher among whites. Prevalence of EGG-defined myocardial infarction were similar for all 3 race or ethnicity groups in either sex. The age-adjusted prevalence of coronary heart disease defined by the presence of any of these conditions was 13.9% among men and 10.1% among women. Conclusions Although the management of coronary heart disease has improved during the past 2 decades, it remains an important prevalent disease burden among adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Adult Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 139 IS 3 BP 371 EP 377 DI 10.1067/mhj.2000.102907 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 291WJ UT WOS:000085761900001 PM 10689247 ER PT J AU Giles, WH Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Ford, ES Kittner, SJ AF Giles, WH Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Ford, ES Kittner, SJ TI Association between total homocyst(e)ine and the likelihood for a history of acute myocardial infarction by race and ethnicity: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; ELEVATED PLASMA HOMOCYST(E)INE; RISK FACTOR; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM; VASCULAR-DISEASE; HYPERHOMOCYST(E)INEMIA; VITAMIN-B12; STROKE; FOLATE AB Background Few studies examining the association between total homocyst(e)ine and coronary heart disease have included blacks or Hispanics. Methods Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (3173 patients), a nationally representative survey of US adults, were used to examine the relation between total homocyst(e)ine and an electrocardiogram or a physician's diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (259 patients) among whites, blacks, and Mexican Americans greater than or equal to 40 years aid. Results Vitamin B-12 and serum folate concentrations were significantly lower among persons with a total homocyst(e)ine concentration greater than or equal to 15 mu mol/L than among those with a total homocyst(e)ine concentration less than or equal to 10 mu mol/L. Persons with a total homocyst(e)ine concentration greater than or equal to 15 mu mol/L were also older and more likely to be hypertensive, have a higher cholesterol concentration, and smoke. Compared with persons with a total homocyst(e)ine concentration less than or equal to 10 mu mol/L, persons with a concentration greater than or equal to 15 mu mol/L had an odds ratio (OR) for myocardial infarction of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.9) after adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors. Similar associations were noted among whites (OR 1.8, 95% CI, 1.1-3.1) and blacks (OR 1.9, 95% CI, 0.8-4.2); a more modest association was noted among Mexican Americans (OR 1.2, 95% CI, 0.3-5.0). The association between total homocyst(e)ine and myocardial infarction was also more pronounced in persons without hypertension or diabetes. Conclusions Almost a 2-fold increased likelihood of myocardial infarction among persons with a total homocyst(e)ine concentration greater than or equal to 15 mu mol/L was noted in this nationally representative survey. The magnitude of the association did not differ by race or ethnicity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Baltimore, MD USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Giles, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hwg0@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-8703 EI 1097-5330 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 139 IS 3 BP 446 EP 453 DI 10.1067/mhj.2000.103228 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 291WJ UT WOS:000085761900013 PM 10689259 ER PT J AU Heitbrink, WA Yacher, JM Deye, GJ Spencer, AB AF Heitbrink, WA Yacher, JM Deye, GJ Spencer, AB TI Mist control at a machining center, part 1: Mist characterization SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE metalworking fluids; mist; machining operations ID OIL MIST; AEROSOLS; ASTHMA; FLUIDS AB At a machining center used to produce transmission parts, aerosol instrumentation was used to quantitatively study mist generation and to evaluate the performance of an air cleaner for controlling the mist. This machining center drilled and tapped holes at rotational speeds of 1000 to 3000 rpm. During most machining operations, the metalworking fluid (MWF) was flooded over the part. To facilitate metal chip removal during some operations, MWF was pumped through the orifices in some tools at a pressure of 800 psi. These machining operations were performed in a nearly complete enclosure that was exhausted to an air cleaner at a flow rate of 1.1 m(3)/sec (2400 ft(3)/m). Although the use of high-pressure MWF increased the mist concentration by about 200%, it did not affect the mist size distribution. The observed penetration through the air cleaner appeared to be mostly consistent with the manufacturer's specifications on the air cleaner's filters. During the testing, MWF was observed to accumulate in the bottom of the filter housing and may have been reentrained due to air motion or mechanical vibration. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Div Phys Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Heitbrink, WA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Div Phys Sci & Engn, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 61 IS 2 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(2000)061<0275:MCAAMC>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 303ZQ UT WOS:000086458400016 PM 10782200 ER PT J AU Yacher, JM Heitbrink, WA Burroughs, GE AF Yacher, JM Heitbrink, WA Burroughs, GE TI Mist control at a machining center, part 2: Mist control following installation of air cleaners SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE machining operations; metalworking fluid; mist AB At a machining center used to produce transaxle and transmission parts, aerosol instrumentation was used to quantitatively evaluate size-dependent mist generation of a synthetic metalworking fluid (MWF) consisting primarily of water and triethanolamine (TEA). This information was used to select an air cleaner for controlling the mist. During most machining operations, the MWF was flooded over the part. These machining operations were performed in a nearly complete enclosure that was exhausted to an air cleaner consisting of three sections: a fall-out chamber, a trifilter section to capture metal chips and mist, and a 1.13 m(3)/sec (2400 ft(3)/min) blower. The partnering company requested that National institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers perform an evaluation of the effectiveness of a commercially available air cleaner. After NIOSH researchers characterized mist generation at the machining centers and found that performance of a test air cleaner appeared to be suitable, the company installed more than 25 air cleaners on different machining centers in this plant and enclosed the corresponding fluid filtration unit. The facility also has implemented a maintenance program for the air cleaners that involves regularly scheduled filter changes; performance is ensured by monitoring static pressure. A NIOSH-conducted air sampling evaluation showed that area TEA concentrations were reduced from a geometric mean of 0.25 to 0.03 mg/m(3). Personal total particulate concentrations were reduced from a geometric mean of 0.22 to 0.06 mg/m(3). These results show the effectiveness of this combination of enclosure, ventilation, and filtration to greatly reduce the exposure to MWF mist generated in modern machining centers. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Yacher, JM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 61 IS 2 BP 282 EP 289 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(2000)061<0282:MCAAMC>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 303ZQ UT WOS:000086458400017 PM 10782201 ER PT J AU Feng, HA Schlecht, P AF Feng, HA Schlecht, P TI Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) program - November 1999 SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Analyt Res & Dev Branch, US Publ Hlth Serv,Div Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Feng, HA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Analyt Res & Dev Branch, US Publ Hlth Serv,Div Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-R8, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 61 IS 2 BP 295 EP 296 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 303ZQ UT WOS:000086458400019 PM 10782203 ER PT J AU Feng, HA Schlecht, P AF Feng, HA Schlecht, P TI Environmental Lead Proficiency Analytical Testing (ELPAT) program - September 1999 SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Div Phys Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Feng, HA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Div Phys Sci & Engn, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS-R8, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 61 IS 2 BP 297 EP 300 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 303ZQ UT WOS:000086458400020 PM 10782204 ER PT J AU Green, LW Eriksen, HP Bailey, L Husten, C AF Green, LW Eriksen, HP Bailey, L Husten, C TI Achieving the implausible in the next decade's tobacco control objectives SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Green, LW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,CDC MS K 50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2000 VL 90 IS 3 BP 337 EP 339 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.3.337 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 287GM UT WOS:000085498200002 PM 10705848 ER PT J AU Des Jarlais, DC Marmor, M Friedmann, P Titus, S Aviles, E Deren, S Torian, L Glebatis, D Murrill, C Monterroso, E Friedman, SR AF Des Jarlais, DC Marmor, M Friedmann, P Titus, S Aviles, E Deren, S Torian, L Glebatis, D Murrill, C Monterroso, E Friedman, SR TI HIV incidence among injection drug users in New York City, 1992-1997: Evidence for a declining epidemic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; PREVENTION; TRENDS; COHORT AB Objectives. We assessed recent (1992-1997) HIV incidence in the large HIV epidemic among injection drug users in New York City. Methods. Data were compiled from 10 separate studies (N=4979), including 6 cohort studies, 2 "repeat service user" studies, and 2 analyses of voluntary HIV testing and counseling services within drug treatment programs. Results. In the 10 studies, 52 seroconversions were found in 6344 person-years at risk. The observed incidence rates among the 10 studies were all within a narrow range, from 0 per 100 person-years at risk to 2.95 per 100 person-years at risk. In 9 of the 10 studies, the observed incidence rate was less than 2 per 100 person-years at risk. The weighted average incidence rate was 0.7 per 100 person-years at risk. Conclusions. The recent incidence rate in New York City is quite low for a high-seroprevalence population of injection drug users. The very large HIV epidemic among injection drug users in New York City appears to have entered a "declining phase," characterized by low incidence and declining prevalence. The data suggest that very large high-seroprevalence HIV epidemics may be "reversed.". C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, Inst Chem Dependency, New York, NY 10003 USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Des Jarlais, DC (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, Inst Chem Dependency, 1st Ave & 16th St, New York, NY 10003 USA. OI Marmor, Michael/0000-0001-6605-2661 FU NIDA NIH HHS [U01 DA 07286, R01 DA 03574, R01 DA 06001] NR 33 TC 149 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2000 VL 90 IS 3 BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.3.352 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 287GM UT WOS:000085498200005 PM 10705851 ER PT J AU Siegel, M Mowery, PD Pechacek, TP Strauss, WJ Schooley, MW Merritt, RK Novotny, TE Giovino, GA Eriksen, MP AF Siegel, M Mowery, PD Pechacek, TP Strauss, WJ Schooley, MW Merritt, RK Novotny, TE Giovino, GA Eriksen, MP TI Trends in adult cigarette smoking in California compared with the rest of the United States, 1978-1994 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO-CONTROL-PROGRAM; CONSUMPTION; CAMPAIGN; IMPACT; EDUCATION; DIVERSION; INDUSTRY; ILLEGAL; MONEY AB Objectives. This study compared trends in adult cigarette smoking prevalence in California and the remainder of the United States between 1978 and 1994. Methods. We used data from National Health Interview Surveys and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys to compare trends in smoking prevalence among persons 18 years and older. Results. In both California and the remainder of the United States, the estimated annual rate of decline in adult smoking prevalence accelerated significantly from 1985 to 1990: to -1.22 percentage points per year (95% confidence interval [CI]= -1.51, -0.93) in California and to -0.93 percentage points per year (95% CI= -1.13, -0.73) in the remainder of the nation. The rate of decline slowed significantly from 1990 to 1994: to -0.39 percentage points per year (95% CI= -0.34, 0.24) in the remainder of the United States. Conclusions. The presence of an aggressive tobacco control intervention has supported a significant decline in adult smoking prevalence in California from 1985 to 1990 and a slower but still significant decline from 1990 to 1994, a period in which there was no significant decline in the remainder of the nation. To restore nationwide progress in reducing smoking prevalence, other states should consider similar interventions. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. RP Siegel, M (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, 715 Albany St,TW2, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 66 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2000 VL 90 IS 3 BP 372 EP 379 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.3.372 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 287GM UT WOS:000085498200008 PM 10705854 ER PT J AU Marks, SM Taylor, Z Burrows, NR Qayad, MG Miller, B AF Marks, SM Taylor, Z Burrows, NR Qayad, MG Miller, B TI Hospitalization of homeless persons with tuberculosis in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; COHORT; HIV AB Objectives. This study assessed whether homeless patients are hospitalized for tuberculosis (TB) more frequently and longer than other patients and possible reasons for this. Methods. We prospectively studied hospitalizations of a cohort of TB patients. Results. HIV-infected homeless patients were hospitalized more frequently than other patients, while homeless patients who had no insurance or whose insurance status was unknown were hospitalized longer. Hospitalization cost $2000 more per homeless patient than for other patients. The public sector paid nearly all costs. Conclusions. Homeless people may be hospitalized less if given access to medical care that provides early detection and treatment of TB infect ion and disease and HIV infection. Providing housing and social services may also reduce hospital utilization and increase therapy completion rates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marks, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, MS E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2000 VL 90 IS 3 BP 435 EP 438 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.3.435 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 287GM UT WOS:000085498200021 PM 10705867 ER PT J AU Dietz, V Vugia, D Nelson, R Wicklund, J Nadle, J McCombs, KG Reddy, S AF Dietz, V Vugia, D Nelson, R Wicklund, J Nadle, J McCombs, KG Reddy, S CA Foodnet Working Group TI Active, multisite, laboratory-based surveillance for Cryptosporidium parvum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; COMMUNITY AB Cryptosporidium parvum leaped to the attention of the United States following the 1993 outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which sickened 400,000 people. Other outbreaks in the United States have been associated with drinking and recreational water, consumption of contaminated foods, contact with animals, and childcare attendance. Despite its public health importance, the number of people who become infected each year is not known. In 1997, active surveillance for C. parvum was added to the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), a collaborative effort among the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, selected state health departments, the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Food and Drug Administration. During the first 2 years of surveillance, 1,023 laboratory-confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis were detected in FoodNet (Connecticut, Minnesota, Oregon, and selected counties in California, Georgia, Maryland, and New York). The annual rate per 100,000 persons was 2.3. Sixteen percent of case-patients were hospitalized. A seasonal increase in case detection was noted in late summer among persons less than 15 years of age. These data represent the first active multistate ascertainment of laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis cases and provide useful information on the burden of disease in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Program Epidemiol, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Notifiable Dis Unit, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dietz, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 3 BP 368 EP 372 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 362JM UT WOS:000089774900010 PM 11037779 ER PT J AU Cifuentes, E Gomez, M Blumenthal, U Tellez-Rojo, MM Romieu, I Ruiz-Palacios, G Ruiz-Velazco, S AF Cifuentes, E Gomez, M Blumenthal, U Tellez-Rojo, MM Romieu, I Ruiz-Palacios, G Ruiz-Velazco, S TI Risk factors for Giardia intestinalis infection in agricultural villages practicing wastewater irrigation in Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WATER; CHILDREN; LAMBLIA AB This study assessed the risk factors for Giardia intestinalis infection in an agricultural population in Mexico. Exposure groups included 2,257 individuals from households exposed to untreated wastewater, 2,147 from a group using the effluent from a series of reservoirs, and 2,344 from rain-fed agricultural villages. Stool samples were collected from 6,748 individuals. Wastewater samples were tested for fecal coliforms/100 mi and Giardia sp. cysts/L. Unheated wastewater samples contained 10(8) fecal coliforms/100 mi and up to 300 Giardia sp, cysts/L. Hydraulic retention (3-7 months) in the reservoirs, however, provided an improved effluent quality (10(1)-10(4) fecal coloforms/100 mi and 5 Giardia sp. cysts/L). Children 1-14 years of age had the highest prevalence of infection (20%). Data showed marginal associations between storing drinking water in unprotected containers and lack of facilities for feces disposal and the risk of infection (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.76 and 1.19, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] = 0.95-3.23, and 0.97-1.45, respectively). Individuals purchasing vegetables at the city market had higher rates of infection than those buying at the village shop (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.00-6.17). No excess risk was found in individuals exposed to untreated wastewater compared with controls (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.84-1.36); the group using reservoir water was not different from the controls (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.94-1.58). No risk from agricultural activities was detected (OR = 0.83). This pattern of infection may be addressed by primary health care and wastewater treatment. C1 Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Inst Nutr, Dept Infectol, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Matemat Aplicadas Sistemas, Copilco 04320, Mexico. RP Cifuentes, E (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Av Univ 655, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. NR 24 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 3 BP 388 EP 392 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 362JM UT WOS:000089774900014 PM 11037783 ER PT J AU Beaman, V Annest, JL Mercy, JA Kresnow, MJ Pollock, DA AF Beaman, V Annest, JL Mercy, JA Kresnow, MJ Pollock, DA TI Lethality of firearm-related injuries in the United States population SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRAUMA; RATES AB Study objective: To characterize differences in the lethality of firearm-related injuries in selected demographic subgroups using national representative data on fatal and nonfatal firearm-related injuries. We also characterize the lethality of firearm-related injuries by intent of injury and anatomic location of the gunshot wound. Methods: We analyzed case-fatality rates (CFRs) of firearm-related injuries in the United States by using death data from the National Vital Statistics System and data on nonfatal injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. National estimates of crude and age-adjusted CFRs are presented by sex, race/ethnicity, age, intent, and primary body part affected. Results: Each year during the study period (July 1992 through December 1995), an estimated 132,687 persons sustained gunshot wounds that resulted in death or treatment in an ED. The overall age-adjusted CFR among persons who sustained firearm-related injuries was 31.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 27.7 to 35.6). The age-adjusted CFR for persons who were alive when they arrived for treatment in an ED (11.3%; 95% CI 9.4 to 13.2) was about one third as large as the overall CFR. The age-adjusted CFR Varied by sex, race/ethnicity, and age, but these differences depended an intent of injury. For assaultive injuries, the age-adjusted CFR was 1.4 times higher for females (28.7%) than males (20.6%). For intentionally self-inflicted injuries, the age-adjusted CFR was 1.1 higher for males (77.7%) than females (69.1%). For assaults, the age-adjusted CFR was 1.5 times higher for whites (29.5%) than blacks (19.2%). For assaultive and intentionally self-inflicted injuries among persons 15 years and older the age-specific CFR increased with age. Persons shot in the head (age-adjusted CFR, 61.0%) were 3.3 times as likely to die as those shot in other body parts (age-adjusted CFR, 18.7%). Conclusion: The lethality of firearm-related injuries was influenced strongly by the intent of injury and body part affected. The high lethality of firearm-related injuries relative to other major causes of injury emphasizes the need to continue prevention efforts and efforts to improve access to care and treatment (including emergency medical and acute care services) to reduce the number and increase survivability of firearm-related injuries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Annest, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 35 IS 3 BP 258 EP 266 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(00)70077-1 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 292BR UT WOS:000085774700008 PM 10692193 ER PT J CA Ctr Dis Control & Prevent TI Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for investigation of a cluster of invasive group A streptococcal illness - Spokane, Washington, 1999 SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 35 IS 3 BP 308 EP 309 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 292BR UT WOS:000085774700025 ER PT J AU Datta, S Satten, GA Williamson, JM AF Datta, S Satten, GA Williamson, JM TI Consistency and asymptotic normality of estimators in a proportional hazards model with interval censoring and left truncation SO ANNALS OF THE INSTITUTE OF STATISTICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Cox model; current status data; interval censoring; left truncation; survival analysis ID COX REGRESSION; INFERENCE AB Satten et al. (1998, J. Amer. Statist. Assoc., 93, 318-327) proposed an approach to the proportional hazards model for interval censored data in which parameter estimates are obtained by solving estimating equations which are the score equations for the full data proportional hazards model, averaged over all rankings of imputed failure times consistent with the observed censoring intervals. In this paper, we extend this approach to incorporate data that are left-truncated and right censored (dynamic cohort data). Consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimators obtained in this way are established. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0020-3157 J9 ANN I STAT MATH JI Ann. Inst. Stat. Math. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 52 IS 1 BP 160 EP 172 DI 10.1023/A:1004197201989 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 312VX UT WOS:000086965600011 ER PT J AU Pit, DSS Blotkamp, J Polderman, AM Baeta, S Eberhard, ML AF Pit, DSS Blotkamp, J Polderman, AM Baeta, S Eberhard, ML TI The capacity of the third-stage larvae of Oesophagostomum bifurcum to survive adverse conditions SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-LIVING STAGES AB Human infections with the intestinal nematode Oesophagostomum bifurcum are commonly found in the Sudan savannah of northern Togo and Ghana. Apparently, the long and hot dry season in this region does not prevent transmission, which is believed to take place through ingestion of the infective, third-stage larvae (L-3) Oesophagostomum L-3 cultured from human stools, unlike the larvae of Necator americanus, were shown to survive desiccation. In addition, 93% of the O. bifurcum L-3 frozen for 24 h at -15 degrees C regained motility when brought back into ambient temperatures. The L-3 also survived the acidity of an artificial mixture made to resemble the gastric juices of humans. Desiccated larvae could even be rehydrated in this mixture, indicating the possibility of dust-borne infections. The sturdiness of the L-3 is likely to contribute to the high transmission intensity in northern Togo and Ghana. C1 Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Parasitol, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Benin, Ctr Hosp Univ, Dept Gynecol, Lome, Togo. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, US PHS, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pit, DSS (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Parasitol, Postbus 9600, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 94 IS 2 BP 165 EP 171 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 302TR UT WOS:000086382200007 PM 10827871 ER PT J AU Balluz, LS Kieszak, SM Philen, RM Mulinare, J AF Balluz, LS Kieszak, SM Philen, RM Mulinare, J TI Vitamin and mineral supplement use in the United States - Results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey SO ARCHIVES OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID 7 WESTERN STATES; BELIEFS; ADULTS AB Context: The use of supplements remains a widespread behavior among people motivated by general health concerns. We analyzed data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to provide new and current information on supplement use in the United States. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of vitamin and mineral supplement use in the US population, to quantify the use of folic acid, and to examine the relationship between supplement intake and demographic factors. Design: National, population-based, cross-sectional survey of monthly use of vitamin and mineral supplements by NHANES III participants (n = 33 905). Results: More than 11 000 respondents reported taking at least 1 vitamin or mineral supplement at any time in the past month. The highest use of vitamin and mineral supplements was among non-Hispanic whites (42.6%), with a mean age of 37 years. Approximately 29.2% of people in the United States, and 33.2% of women of reproductive age, reported taking at least I product that contained folic acid any time in the past month. The use of products containing folic acid was highest among non-Hispanic whites (32.1%), and 62.1% of all those taking folic acid (71.5% among females of reproductive age) took at least 12 000 mu g/mo (equivalent to the recommended daily dose of 400 mu g/d). Participants reported using more than 300 nonvitamin and nonmineral products, some of which are documented as having serious adverse health effects. Conclusions: Consumption of vitamin and mineral supplements is a common behavior in the United States. We recommend that physicians and health professionals include questions about the use of dietary supplements when obtaining a medical history from their patients, that all dietary supplements clearly list ingredients and known contraindications to use, and that all those planning to use supplements first have their dietary practices and lifestyle evaluated by a health professional. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Balluz, LS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 163 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1063-3987 J9 ARCH FAM MED JI Arch. Fam. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 258 EP 262 DI 10.1001/archfami.9.3.258 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 293XC UT WOS:000085879700011 PM 10728113 ER PT J AU Pelletier, AR Quinlan, KP Sacks, JJ Van Gilder, TJ Gilchrist, J Ahluwalia, HK AF Pelletier, AR Quinlan, KP Sacks, JJ Van Gilder, TJ Gilchrist, J Ahluwalia, HK TI Injury prevention practices as depicted in G-rated and PG-Rated movies SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MEDIA VIOLENCE; TELEVISION; BEHAVIOR; TOBACCO AB Background: Previous studies on alcohol, tobacco, and violence suggest that children's behavior can be influenced by mass media; however, little is known about the effect of media on unintentional injuries, the leading cause of death among young persons in the United States. Objective: To determine how injury prevention practices are depicted in G-rated (general audience) and PG-rated (parental guidance recommended) movies. Design: Observational study. Setting: The 25 movies with the highest domestic box-office grosses and a rating of G or PG for each year from 1995 through 1997. Movies that were predominantly animated or not set in the present day were excluded from analysis. Subjects: Movie characters with speaking roles. Main Outcome Measures: Safety belt use by motor vehicle occupants, use of a crosswalk and looking both ways by pedestrians crossing a street, helmet use by bicyclists, personal flotation device use by boaters, and selected other injury prevention practices. Results: Fifty nonanimated movies set in the present day were included in the study. A total of 753 person-scenes involving riding in a motor vehicle, crossing the street, bicycling, and boating were shown (median, 13.5 person-scenes per movie). Forty-two person-scenes (6%) involved falls or crashes, which resulted in 4 injuries and 2 deaths. Overall, 119 (27%) of 447 motor vehicle occupants wore safety belts, 20 (18%) of 109 pedestrians looked both ways before crossing the street and 25 (16%) of 160 used a crosswalk, 4 (6%) of 64 bicyclists wore helmets, and 14 (17%) of 82 boaters wore personal flotation devices. Conclusions: In scenes depicting everyday life in popular movies likely to be seen by children, characters were infrequently portrayed practicing recommended safe behaviors. The consequences of unsafe behaviors were rarely shown. The entertainment industry should improve its depiction of injury prevention practices in G-rated and PG-rated movies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, State Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intellegence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pelletier, AR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, State Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Mailstop D 18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 154 IS 3 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 289NX UT WOS:000085629800013 PM 10710029 ER PT J AU Morgan, UM Xiao, L Limor, J Gelis, S Raidal, SR Fayer, R Lal, A Elliot, A Thompson, RCA AF Morgan, UM Xiao, L Limor, J Gelis, S Raidal, SR Fayer, R Lal, A Elliot, A Thompson, RCA TI Cryptosporidium meleagridis in an Indian ring-necked parrot (Psittacula krameri) SO AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium meleagridis; Indian ring-necked parrot; turkey; clinical history; microscopy; 18S rDNA gene ID PARVUM AB Objective To perform a morphological and genetic characterisation of a Cryptosporidium infection in an Indian ring-necked parrot: (Psittacula krameri) and to compare this with C meleagridis from a turkey. Design Tissue and intestinal sections from an Indian ring-necked parrot were examined microscopically for Cryptosporidium. The organism was also purified from the crop and intestine, the DNA extracted and a portion of the 18S rDNA gene amplified, sequenced and compared with sequence and biological information obtained for C meleagridis from a turkey as well as sequence information for other species of Cryptosporidium. Results Morphological examination of tissue sections from an Indian ring-necked parrot revealed large numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts attached to the apical border of enterocytes lining the intestinal tract. Purified Cryptosporidium oocysts measured about 5.1 x 4.5 mu m, which conformed morphologically to C meleagridis. The sequence obtained from this isolate was identical to sequence information obtained from a C meleagridis isolate from a turkey. Conclusion Cryptosporidium meleagridis was detected in an Indian ring-necked parrot using morphological and molecular methods. This is the first time that this species of Cryptosporidium has been reported in a non-galliform host and extends the known host range of C meleagridis. C1 WHO, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kingston Vet Clin, Mentone, Vic 3194, Australia. ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Morgan, UM (reprint author), WHO, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RI Raidal, Shane/C-4632-2008; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 9 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY ASSN PI MELBOURNE PA 272 BRUNSWICK RD BRUNSWICK, MELBOURNE, VIC 3056, AUSTRALIA SN 0005-0423 J9 AUST VET J JI Aust. Vet. J. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 78 IS 3 BP 182 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2000.tb10589.x PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 294PH UT WOS:000085919300030 PM 10860158 ER PT J AU Hoyert, DL Danel, I Tully, P AF Hoyert, DL Danel, I Tully, P TI Maternal mortality, United States and Canada, 1982-1997 SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Article AB Background: The 1998 public awareness campaign on Safe Motherhood called attention to the issue of maternal mortality worldwide. This paper focuses upon maternal mortality trends in the United States and Canada, and examines differentials in maternal mortality in the United States by maternal characteristics, Methods: Data from the vital statistics systems of the United States and Canada were used in the analysis, Both systems identify maternal deaths using the definition of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases. Numbers of deaths, maternal mortality rates, and confidence intervals for the rates are shown in the paper Results: Maternal mortality, declined for much of the century in both countries, but the rates have not changed substantially between 1982 and 1997. In this period the maternal mortality levels were lower in Canada than in the United States. Maternal mortality rates vary by maternal characteristics, especially maternal age and race. Conclusions: Maternal mortality continues to be an issue in developed countries, such as the United States and Canada. Maternal mortality rates have been stable recently; despite evidence that many maternal deaths continue to be preventable. Additional investment is needed to realize further improvements in maternal mortality. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Mortal Stat Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. STAT Canada, Hlth Stat Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Hoyert, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Mortal Stat Branch, Room 820,6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0730-7659 J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD MAR PY 2000 VL 27 IS 1 BP 4 EP 11 DI 10.1046/j.1523-536x.2000.00004.x PG 8 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 292YM UT WOS:000085823400002 PM 10865554 ER PT J AU Curtin, SC Kozak, LJ Gregory, KD AF Curtin, SC Kozak, LJ Gregory, KD TI US cesarean and VBAC rates stalled in the mid-1990s SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; DELIVERY; SECTIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Reprod Stat Branch, Div Vital Stat,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hosp Care Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. RP Curtin, SC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Reprod Stat Branch, Div Vital Stat,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Room 820,6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0730-7659 J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD MAR PY 2000 VL 27 IS 1 BP 54 EP 57 DI 10.1046/j.1523-536x.2000.00054.x PG 4 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 292YM UT WOS:000085823400010 PM 10865562 ER PT J AU Nigg, HN Elliott, PM Brock, JW Sampson, EJ Szanyi, DN Weems, K Chandler, W Reynolds, R Walker, T AF Nigg, HN Elliott, PM Brock, JW Sampson, EJ Szanyi, DN Weems, K Chandler, W Reynolds, R Walker, T TI Organochlorine compounds in Florida feral pigs (Sus scofa) SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HUMAN-SERUM; HEXACHLOROBENZENE; PESTICIDES; PCBS; HCB; RAT C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. SW Florida Water Management Dist, Bartow, FL 33830 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Nigg, HN (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 64 IS 3 BP 347 EP 353 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 290XP UT WOS:000085703400006 PM 10757657 ER PT J AU Poirier, MC Santella, RM Weston, A AF Poirier, MC Santella, RM Weston, A TI Carcinogen macromolecular adducts and their measurement SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON-DNA ADDUCTS; WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; LUNG-CANCER; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; AFLATOXIN EXPOSURE; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; AROMATIC-AMINES; PROTEIN ADDUCTS AB Damage to DNA induced by carcinogenic chemicals reflects exposure and is directly related to tumor formation, whereas modification of protein provides relatively precise dosimetry for stable adducts of proteins with a known half-life. Sophisticated methods for the detection and quantitation of DNA and protein adducts have been developed during the last similar to 25 years. For DNA adducts the most widely used methods include electrochemical detection, mass spectrometry, fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy, immunoassays and immunohistochemistry and (32)P-post-labeling. Detection limits for quantitative assays are typically in the range of 1 adduct in 10(7) or 10(9) nucleotides. However, accelerator mass spectrometry, which is highly sophisticated but less accessible, has a detection limit of similar to 1 adduct in 10(12) nucleotides, Methods for the determination of protein adducts include immunoassay and a variety of elegant high-resolution mass spectrometry approaches. The detection limit of similar to 0.1 fmol for protein adducts, is based primarily on method specificity and the availability of large quantities of sample material. Using these highly sensitive methods a major achievement has been the biomonitoring of chemically exposed human populations. Validation of macromolecular adduct formation in humans has been predicated on studies in animal models. Adduct formation in humans appears to be indicative of molecular dosimetry and suggestive of increased human cancer risk. However, despite the large body of literature documenting DNA and protein adduct molecular dosimetry for many carcinogen exposures, the relationship between adduct formation and human cancer risk has been defined for only a few carcinogens. Thus, elucidation of this association remains a compelling challenge. For the future, integration of DNA and protein adduct measurements together with documentation of correlative and subsequent events, and host susceptibility factors, within the context of valid molecular epidemiologic study designs, will further our understanding of human disease mechanisms. C1 NCI, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, LCCTP,Div Basic Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. NIOSH, Mol Carcinogenesis Team, TMBB, Hlth Effects Lab Div,CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Poirier, MC (reprint author), NCI, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, LCCTP,Div Basic Sci, NIH, Bldg 37,Room 2A05,37 Convent Dr,MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM poirierm@exchange.nih.gov NR 84 TC 137 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD MAR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3 BP 353 EP 359 DI 10.1093/carcin/21.3.353 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 294XA UT WOS:000085934700004 PM 10688855 ER PT J AU Manangan, LP Jarvis, WR AF Manangan, LP Jarvis, WR TI Preventing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and errors in tuberculosis treatment around the globe SO CHEST LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANTITUBERCULOSIS-DRUG-RESISTANCE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; CHEMOTHERAPY; SURVEILLANCE; THERAPY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Manangan, LP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAR PY 2000 VL 117 IS 3 BP 620 EP 623 DI 10.1378/chest.117.3.620 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 293YZ UT WOS:000085884000003 PM 10712980 ER PT J AU Laserson, KF Iademarco, MF AF Laserson, KF Iademarco, MF TI Profiling drug resistance in immigrants with tuberculosis SO CHEST LA English DT Editorial Material ID MDR-TB C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Int Act Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Iademarco, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Int Act Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAR PY 2000 VL 117 IS 3 BP 623 EP 625 DI 10.1378/chest.117.3.623 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 293YZ UT WOS:000085884000004 PM 10712981 ER PT J AU Castro, AR Morrill, WE Pope, V AF Castro, AR Morrill, WE Pope, V TI Lipid removal from human serum samples SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The efficacy of lipid removal from human serum samples obtained by using Cleanascite HC, a commercially available product, was compared to that obtained by the standard chloroform method. Separate samples of 21 frozen, banked human serum samples used in the preparation of samples for proficiency testing were treated with either Cleanascite HC or chloroform. The lipid content was measured before and after treatment. The total percentages of lipid removed ranged from 61 to 70% with Cleanascite HC and from 60 to 62% with chloroform. The advantage of Cleanascite HC over chloroform is based on the simplicity of the procedure with Cleanascite HC without the environmental concerns inherent in the use of chloroform. In 15 serum samples known to contain antibodies to treponemal and nontreponemal syphilis antigens, Cleanascite HC bound some immunoglobulin, but with only minimal loss of reactivity in the serologic tests for syphilis. Cleanascite HC is therefore an acceptable alternative to chloroform for lipid reduction in human serum samples. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Castro, AR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop D-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 7 IS 2 BP 197 EP 199 DI 10.1128/CDLI.7.2.197-199.2000 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 290VT UT WOS:000085699100010 PM 10702492 ER PT J AU Shih, WJ Bachorik, PS Haga, JA Myers, GL Stein, EA AF Shih, WJ Bachorik, PS Haga, JA Myers, GL Stein, EA TI Estimating the long-term effects of storage at-70 degrees C on cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol measurements in stored sera SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; COMMERCIAL IMMUNOTURBIDIMETRIC ASSAY; BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY; ANALYTIC COMPONENTS; CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; REFERENCE INTERVALS; UNITED-STATES; HEART-DISEASE AB We estimated the effects of long-term storage at -70 degrees C on serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides in specimens that had been stored for up to 7 years. These estimates were made using measurements in serial specimens collected from the placebo control group of the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study over a period of similar to 5 years. We compared the group means for pairs of serial specimens taken at 6- and 12-month intervals, assuming that (a) a negligible placebo effect occurred between the serial specimen pairs; (b) in the absence of storage effects, the variation in the group means would reflect only normal biological variation and would not materially affect the group means for the serial specimens; (c) any systematic changes in these group means would reflect storage-related changes; and (d) storage-related changes are cumulative, i.e., the overall changes for a given storage period are the sum of the changes during previous storage periods. We observed average decreases of 2.0% per year for total cholesterol over 7 years and 2.8% per year in triglycerides for the first 5 years. HDL-cholesterol decreased by 1.3% per year, but this change was not statistically significant. This approach may be useful for estimating storage-related changes for studies in specimens stored for a period of years and for which stability data may not be available. (C) 2000 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Med Res Labs, Highland Heights, KY 41076 USA. RP Bachorik, PS (reprint author), Care Of Bartholomew D, 11 Fox Run Rd, Falmouth, ME 04105 USA. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 46 IS 3 BP 351 EP 364 PG 14 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 293JM UT WOS:000085848400007 PM 10702522 ER PT J AU Metlay, JP Hofmann, J Cetron, MS Fine, MJ Farley, MM Whitney, C Breiman, RF AF Metlay, JP Hofmann, J Cetron, MS Fine, MJ Farley, MM Whitney, C Breiman, RF TI Impact of penicillin susceptibility on medical outcomes for adult patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; INVASIVE DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; THERAPY; GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT AB The impact of penicillin susceptibility on medical outcomes for adult patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia was evaluated in a retrospective cohort study conducted during population-based surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease in the greater Atlanta region during 1994. Of the 192 study patients, 44 (23%) were infected with pneumococcal strains that demonstrated some degree of penicillin nonsusceptibility. Compared with patients infected with penicillin-susceptible pneumococcal strains, patients whose isolates were nonsusceptible had a significantly greater risk of in-hospital death due to pneumonia (relative risk [RR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1-4.3) and suppurative complications of infection (RR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1-19.3), although only risk of suppurative complications remained statistically significant after adjustment for baseline differences in severity of illness, Among adults with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, infection with penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcome. C1 Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Vet Affairs Hlth Care Syst, Ctr Res Hlth Care, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Vet Affairs Hlth Care Syst, Div Gen Internal Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Metlay, JP (reprint author), Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Med, 712 Blockley Hall,423 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 37 TC 197 Z9 202 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 30 IS 3 BP 520 EP 528 DI 10.1086/313716 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 302BR UT WOS:000086345500023 PM 10722438 ER PT J AU Reichler, MR Valway, SE Onorato, IM AF Reichler, MR Valway, SE Onorato, IM TI Transmission in the United States Virgin Islands and Florida of a multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain acquired in Puerto Rico SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reichler, MR (reprint author), CDC, DTBE, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 30 IS 3 BP 617 EP 618 DI 10.1086/313698 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 302BR UT WOS:000086345500049 PM 10722464 ER PT J AU Tsang, THF Denison, EK Williams, HV Venczel, LV Ginsberg, MM Vugia, DJ AF Tsang, THF Denison, EK Williams, HV Venczel, LV Ginsberg, MM Vugia, DJ TI Acute hepatitis E infection acquired in California SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID E VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Dis Invest Sect, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Dis Invest & Surveillance Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Dept Hlth Serv Cty San Diego, Div AIDS & Community Epidemiol, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tsang, THF (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Dis Invest Sect, Room 708,2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 6 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 30 IS 3 BP 618 EP 619 DI 10.1086/313730 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 302BR UT WOS:000086345500050 PM 10722465 ER PT J AU Peters, SE Beck-Sague, CM Farshy, CE Gibson, I Kubota, KA Solomon, F Morse, SA Sievert, AJ Black, CM AF Peters, SE Beck-Sague, CM Farshy, CE Gibson, I Kubota, KA Solomon, F Morse, SA Sievert, AJ Black, CM TI Behaviors associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis: Cervical infection among young women attending adolescent clinics SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID RISK C1 CDC, NCID, TB Lab Res, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA USA. DeKalb Cty Board Hlth, Clifton Springs Teen Clin, Decatur, GA USA. RP Beck-Sague, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDC, MS-C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU WESTMINSTER PUBL INC PI GLEN HEAD PA 708 GLEN COVE AVE, GLEN HEAD, NY 11545 USA SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 39 IS 3 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1177/000992280003900307 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 295GD UT WOS:000085957600007 PM 10752012 ER PT J AU Cook, CB Erdman, DM Ryan, GJ Greenlund, KJ Giles, WH Gallina, DL El-Jebbi, IM Ziemer, DC Ernst, KL Dunbar, VG Phillips, LS AF Cook, CB Erdman, DM Ryan, GJ Greenlund, KJ Giles, WH Gallina, DL El-Jebbi, IM Ziemer, DC Ernst, KL Dunbar, VG Phillips, LS TI The pattern of dyslipidemia among urban African-Americans with type 2 diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Meeting of the American-Diabetes-Association CY 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Diabet Assoc ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; RISK-FACTORS; MORTALITY; WOMEN; MEN; POPULATION; MELLITUS; PLASMA; LIPIDS AB OBJECTIVE - To analyze lipid profiles from a large sample of African-American patients with type 2 diabetes who receive care at an urban outpatient diabetes clinic. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODS - Fasting serum lipid profiles of 4,014 African-Americans and 328 Caucasians with type 2 diabetes were retrieved from a computerized registry. American Diabetes Association criteria were applied to classify LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels into risk categories. The proportion of patients who had none, one, two, and three lipoprotein concentrations outside of recommended clinical targets was examined. Multiple logistical regression analyses were performed to determine the influence of sex and race on the probability of having a lipid level outside of the recommended target. RESULTS - The percentages of African-Americans with high-, borderline-, and low-risk LDL cholesterol concentrations were 58, 26, and 16%, respectively, and the percentages for Caucasians were 54, 29, and 16%, respectively (P = 0.51). For HDL cholesterol, 41, 33, and 26% of African-Americans were in the high-, borderline; and low-risk categories, respectively, compared with 73, 18, and 9% of Caucasians, respectively (P < 0.0001). Nearly 81% of African-Americans had TG concentrations that were in the low-risk category compared with only 50% of Caucasians. More women than men had high-risk LDL and HDL cholesterol profiles. The most common pattern of dyslipidemia was an LDL cholesterol level above target combined with an HDL cholesterol level below target, which was detected in nearly 50% of African-Americans and 42% of Caucasians. African-Americans had lower odds of having an HDL cholesterol or TG level outside of target. African-American women, compared to men, had greater probabilities of having abnormal levels of LDL and HDL, but a lower likelihood of having a TG level above goal. CONCLUSIONS - In a large sample of urban type 2 diabetic patients receiving care at a diabetes treatment program, race and sex differences in serum lipid profiles were present. Because hypertriglyceridemia was rare among African-American subjects, interventions will need to focus primarily on improving their LDL and HDL cholesterol levels. Further studies are required regarding how to best adapt these observed differences into more effective strategies to optimize lipid levels for this population of diabetic patients and to determine whether similar patterns of dyslipidemia occur in other clinical settings. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Diabet Unit, Div Endocrinol & Metab,Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Grady Hlth Syst, Diabet Clin, Atlanta, GA USA. Mercer Univ, Dept Pharm Practice, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cook, CB (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Diabet Unit, Div Endocrinol & Metab,Dept Med, 69 Butler St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [HS-09722]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-33475, DK-48124] NR 28 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.2337/diacare.23.3.319 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 289GA UT WOS:000085611100011 PM 10868858 ER PT J AU Balluz, L Schieve, L Holmes, T Kiezak, S Malilay, J AF Balluz, L Schieve, L Holmes, T Kiezak, S Malilay, J TI Predictors for people's response to a tornado warning: Arkansas, 1 March 1997 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE USA; Arkansas; tornadoes; mitigation methods; population surveys; early warning; disaster response ID INJURIES AB On I March 1997, powerful tornadoes touched down in Arkansas (USA) on a Saturday afternoon, Twenty-six fatalities and 400 non-fatal injuries were reported, We performed a population-based cross-sectional stud?, To determine factors associated with appropriate responses to tornado warnings. Of 146 survey participants, 140 (96 per cent) knew the difference between 'tornado watch' and 'tornado warning' and were aware of when the warning was announced Of those 140 participants, 64 (45.7 per cent) responded to the warning by seeking shelter, and 58 (90.6 per cent) of those 64 acted within five minutes of hearing the warning. Four factors were positively associated with those seeking shelter: having graduated from high school (OR = 4.2, 95 per cent CI = 1.1 -15.5); having a basement in one's house (OR = 3.8, 95 per cent exact CI=1.1-17.1); hearing a siren (OR = 4.4, 95 per cent CI = 1.3-18.9); and having prepared a household plan of response when tornadoes occur (OR=2.6, 95 per cent CI = 1.1-63). On the basis of these findings, Mle recommend: first that people who live in tornado-prone areas have a personal plan of action to help them respond immediately to warnings, second, public-health education officials in areas with frequent tornadic activity should do mol-e to educate the public about what they can do to protect themselves from a tornado; and third that emergency-management officials planning protection measures for vulnerable communities should consider that most people have limited time (our study documented five minutes) in which to respond to a tornado warning. Thus, shelters in tornado-prone areas should be quickly accessible by residents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Balluz, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00132 PG 7 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 287DG UT WOS:000085489300005 PM 10718015 ER PT J AU Osorio, J Marx, E Bauer, L AF Osorio, J Marx, E Bauer, L TI Finding the funds for health resources SO EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Conference State Legislatures, Adolescent & Sch Hlth Project, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Osorio, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-29, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SUPERVISION CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0013-1784 J9 EDUC LEADERSHIP JI Educ. Leadership PD MAR PY 2000 VL 57 IS 6 BP 30 EP 32 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 292EV UT WOS:000085781900007 ER PT J AU Madden, JA AF Madden, JA TI Managing asthma at school SO EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Madden, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SUPERVISION CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0013-1784 J9 EDUC LEADERSHIP JI Educ. Leadership PD MAR PY 2000 VL 57 IS 6 BP 50 EP 52 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 292EV UT WOS:000085781900011 ER PT J AU Debanne, SM Bielefeld, RA Cauthen, GM Daniel, TM Rowland, DY AF Debanne, SM Bielefeld, RA Cauthen, GM Daniel, TM Rowland, DY TI Multivariate Markovian modeling of tuberculosis: Forecast for the United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONTROL STRATEGIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; SPREAD; HIV; POPULATION; EFFICACY; TRENDS; AFRICA; IMPACT AB We have developed a computer-implemented, multivariate Markov chain model to project tuberculosis (TB) incidence in the United States from 1980 to 2010 in disaggregated demographic groups. Uncertainty in model parameters and in the projections is represented by fuzzy numbers. Projections are made under the assumption that current TB control measures will remain unchanged for the projection period. The projections of the model demonstrate an intermediate increase in national TB incidence (similar to that which actually occurred) followed by continuing decline. The rate of decline depends strongly on geographic, racial, and ethnic characteristics. The model predicts that the rate of decline in the number of cases among Hispanics will be slower than among white non-Hispanics and black non-Hispanics-a prediction supported by the most recent data. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. DY Rowland Associates, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Debanne, SM (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 68 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 148 EP 157 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 308AZ UT WOS:000086687500007 PM 10756148 ER PT J AU Dobos, KM Spotts, EA Marston, BJ Horsburgh, CR King, CH AF Dobos, KM Spotts, EA Marston, BJ Horsburgh, CR King, CH TI Serologic response to culture filtrate antigens of Mycobacterium ulcerans during Buruli ulcer disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; TUBERCULOSIS; PROTEINS; INFECTION; GHANA; ELECTROPHORESIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DEFINITION; EMERGENCE; DISTRICT AB Buruli ulcer (BU) is an emerging necrotic skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. To assess the potential for a serodiagnostic test, we measured the humoral immune response of BU patients to M. ulcerans antigens and compared this response with delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to both Burulin and PPD. The delayed-type hypersensitivity response generally supported the diagnosis of BU, with overall reactivity to Burulin in 28 (71.8%) of 39 patients tested, compared with 3 (14%) of 21 healthy controls. However, this positive skin test response was observed primarily in patients with healed or active disease, and rarely in patients with early disease (p=0.009). When tested for a serologic response to M. ulcerans culture filtrate, 43 (70.5%) of 61 BU patients had antibodies to these antigens, compared with 10 (37.0%) of 27 controls and 4 (30.8%) of 13 tuberculosis patients. There was no correlation between disease stage and the onset of th is serum antibody response. Our findings suggest that serologic testing may be useful in the diagnosis and surveillance of BU. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP King, CH (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, 69 Butler St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RI Dobos, Karen/D-1170-2017 OI Dobos, Karen/0000-0001-7115-8524 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 158 EP 164 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 308AZ UT WOS:000086687500008 PM 10756149 ER PT J AU Levine, OS Liu, G Garman, RL Dowell, SF Yu, SG Yang, YH AF Levine, OS Liu, G Garman, RL Dowell, SF Yu, SG Yang, YH TI Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae as causes of pneumonia among children in Beijing, China SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HONG-KONG; CONJUGATE VACCINES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CARRIAGE; INFECTIONS; MENINGITIS; IMPLEMENTATION; DISEASES; INFANTS; BURDEN AB To determine if Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae could be identified more often from the nasopharynx of patients-with pneumonia than from control patients, we obtained nasopharyngeal swab specimens from 96 patients with chest x-ray-confirmed pneumonia and 214 age-matched control patients with diarrhea or dermatitis from the outpatient department at Beijing Children's Hospital. Pneumonia patients were more likely to be colonized with Hib and S. pneumoniae than control patients, even after the data were adjusted for possible confounding factors such as day-care attendance, the presence of other children in the household, and recent antibiotic use. In China, where blood cultures from pneumonia patients are rarely positive, the results of these nasopharyngeal cultures provide supporting evidence for the role of Hib and S. pneumoniae as causes of childhood pneumonia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Capital Univ Med Sci, Beijing Childrens Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Levine, OS (reprint author), NIAID, Div Microbiol & Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, 6700-B Rockledge Dr,Room 3133, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 308AZ UT WOS:000086687500009 PM 10756150 ER PT J AU Bostik, P Winter, J Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Villinger, F Zaki, SR Peters, CJ Ansari, AA AF Bostik, P Winter, J Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Villinger, F Zaki, SR Peters, CJ Ansari, AA TI Sin Nombre virus (SNV) Ig isotype antibody response during acute and convalescent phases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; DISEASE AB Serum samples from 22 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) patients were tested for Sin Nombre virus (SNV)-reactive antibodies. In the acute phase of HPS, 100% and 67% of the samples tested positive for SNV-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgA, respectively. Among the virus-specific IgG antibodies, the most prevalent were IgG3 (in 97% of samples), followed by IgG1 (70%), IgG2 (30%), and IgG4 (3%). C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Winship Canc Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ansari, AA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Winship Canc Ctr, 1365B Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 184 EP 188 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 308AZ UT WOS:000086687500013 PM 10756154 ER PT J AU Buchholz, U Mouzin, E Dickey, R Moolenaar, R Sass, N Mascola, L AF Buchholz, U Mouzin, E Dickey, R Moolenaar, R Sass, N Mascola, L TI Haff disease: From the Baltic Sea to the US shore SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TOXINS AB Haff disease, identified in Europe in 1924, is unexplained rhabdomyolysis in a person who ate fish in the 24 hours before onset of illness. We describe a series of six U.S. patients from 1997 and report new epidemiologic and etiologic aspects. Although Haff disease is traditionally an epidemic foodborne illness, these six cases occurred in two clusters and as one sporadic case. C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Dauphin Island, AL 36528 USA. US FDA, Laurel, MD USA. RP Buchholz, U (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, 313 N Figueroa St,Room 212, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 192 EP 195 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 308AZ UT WOS:000086687500015 PM 10756156 ER PT J AU Arness, MK Feighner, BH Canham, ML Taylor, DN Monroe, SS Cieslak, TJ Hoedebecke, EL Polyak, CS Cuthie, JC Fankhauser, RL Humphrey, CD Barker, TL Jenkins, CD Skillman, DR AF Arness, MK Feighner, BH Canham, ML Taylor, DN Monroe, SS Cieslak, TJ Hoedebecke, EL Polyak, CS Cuthie, JC Fankhauser, RL Humphrey, CD Barker, TL Jenkins, CD Skillman, DR TI Norwalk-like viral gastroenteritis outbreak in US Army trainees SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; CALICIVIRUSES; ASTROVIRUSES; PERSPECTIVE AB An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis hospitalized 99 (12%) of 835 U.S. Army trainees at Fort Bliss, El Paso, Texas, from August 27 to September 1, 1998. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests for Norwalk-like virus were positive for genogroup 2. Gastroenteritis was associated with one post dining facility and with soft drinks. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Edgewood, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. RP Arness, MK (reprint author), PSC 10 Box 554, APO, AE 09142 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 14 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 204 EP 207 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 308AZ UT WOS:000086687500018 PM 10756159 ER PT J AU Martorell, R Khan, LK Hughes, ML Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Martorell, R Khan, LK Hughes, ML Grummer-Strawn, LM TI Obesity in women from developing countries SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE obesity; BMI; women; developing countries; urban/rural; education; trends ID BODY-MASS INDEX; INCREASING PREVALENCE; NUTRITION; ADULTS; HEALTH; OVERWEIGHT; MORTALITY; KUWAITIS; PATTERNS AB Objectives: The key objective was to estimate obesity(greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2)) in women 15-49 y from developing countries. A second objective was to study how obesity varies by educational level and by residence in urban and rural areas. A third objective was to investigate how national incomes shape the relationship between obesity and eduction or residence. Design: The analyses use cross-sectional data from nationally representative surveys from developing countries carried out in the last decade. Most of the surveys were Demographic Health Surveys (DHS). Data from a survey from the USA are used for comparison. Setting:The 39 surveys used come from 38 developing countries and the USA. Subjects: A total of 147,938 non-pregnant women 15-49 y were included in the analyses. Results: The percentage of obese women was 0.1% in South Asia, 2.5% in Sub-Saharan Africa, 9.6% in Latin America and the Caribbean, 15.4% in Central Eastern Europe/Commonwealth of Independent States (CEE/CIS), 17.2% in the Middle East and North Africa, and 20.7% in the USA. Levels of obesity in countries increased sharply until a gross national product of US$1500 per capita (1992 values) was reached and changed little thereafter. In very poor countries, such as in Sub-Saharan Africa, obesity levels were greatly concentrated among urban and higher educated women. In more developed countries, such as those in Latin America and the CEE/CIS regions, obesity levels were more equally distributed in the general population. Conclusions: Based on the analyses presented and on a review of the literature, it is concluded that obesity among women is a serious problem in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, and the CEE/CIS region. Obesity is less of a concern in Sub-Saharan Africa, China and South Asia. Obesity levels increased over time in most of the limited number of countries with data, but at varying rates. Rising national incomes in developing countries and increased 'Westernization' will most likely lead to increased levels of obesity in the future. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Martorell, R (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Martorell, Reynaldo /I-2539-2012 NR 23 TC 172 Z9 173 U1 1 U2 11 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 54 IS 3 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600931 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 291MU UT WOS:000085741300011 PM 10713748 ER PT J AU Schieber, RA Gilchrist, J Sleet, DA AF Schieber, RA Gilchrist, J Sleet, DA TI Legislative and regulatory strategies to reduce childhood unintentional injuries SO FUTURE OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT; BICYCLE HELMET LAW; CHILDREN AB Laws and regulations are among the most effective mechanisms for getting large segments of the population to adopt safety behaviors. These have been applied at both the state and federal levels for diverse injury issues. Certain legal actions are taken to prevent the occurrence of an otherwise injury-producing event, while other legal actions are designed to prevent injury once an event has occurred. At the federal level, effective laws and regulations have been directed at dangers posed by unsafe manufactured products or motor vehicle design. At the state level, effective safety laws and regulations have been directed at encouraging safety behaviors and regulating the use of motor vehicles or other forms of transportation. In this article, six legislative efforts are described to point out pros and cons of the legislative approach to promoting safety. Three such efforts are aimed at preventing injury-producing events from occurring: mandating child-resistant packaging for prescription drugs and other hazardous substances, regulating tap water temperature by presetting a safe hot-water heater temperature at the factory, and graduated licensing. Three other examples illustrate the value and complexities of laws designed to prevent injuries once an injury-producing event does occur: mandatory bicycle helmet use, sleepwear standards, and child safety seat use. This article concludes with specific recommendations, which include assessing the value of laws and regulations, preventing the rescission of laws and regulations known to work, refining existing laws to eliminate gaps in coverage, developing regulations to adapt to changing technology, exploring new legal means to encourage safe behavior, and increasing funding for basic and applied research and community programs. Further reductions in childhood injury rates will require that leaders working in the field of injury prevention together provide the creativity to devise new safety devices and programs, incentives to persuade the public to adopt a "culture of safety" as a social norm, training and education to develop new leaders and workers, and the political will to challenge the status quo and engage the public interest. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Schieber, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 61 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER FUTURE CHILDREN, DAVID LUCILE PACKARD FOUNDATION PI LOS ALTOS PA 300 SECOND ST, STE 102, LOS ALTOS, CA 94022 USA SN 1054-8289 J9 FUTURE CHILD JI Future Child. PD SPR-SUM PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1 BP 111 EP 136 DI 10.2307/1602827 PG 26 WC Family Studies; Health Policy & Services; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Family Studies; Health Care Sciences & Services; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 327YC UT WOS:000087821200005 PM 10911690 ER PT J AU Armstrong, GL Alter, MJ McQuillan, GM Margolis, HS AF Armstrong, GL Alter, MJ McQuillan, GM Margolis, HS TI The past incidence of hepatitis C virus infection: Implications for the future burden of chronic liver disease in the United States SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; NON-A; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; ANTIBODIES; MORTALITY AB Because chronic liver disease may develop many years after acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the past incidence of acute infections is a major determinant of the future burden of HCV-associated complications. We estimated Bast incidence of acute HCV infection using national seroprevalence data and relative age-specific incidence data from a sentinel counties surveillance system. Projections of the future prevalence of HCV-infected patients were derived from models that included an 85% drop in HCV infection incidence as observed for reported cases in the early 1990s. The models showed a large increase in the incidence of HCV infections from the late 1960s to the early 1980s. The degree of increase was dependent on the assumed rate of antibody loss; a model with 2.5% annual antibody loss showed annual incidence increasing from 45,000 infections (95% confidence interval [95% CT]: 0-110,000) in the early 1960s to 380,000 infections (94% CI: 250,000 to 500,000) in the 1980s, Projections showed that although the prevalence of HCV infection may be declining currently because of the decline in incidence in the 1990s, the number of persons infected for greater than or equal to 20 years could increase substantially before peaking in 2015, If the incidence of new HCV infections does not increase in the future, persons born between 1940 and 1965 will be at highest lifetime risk of acquiring the infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Armstrong, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 345 Z9 353 U1 0 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD MAR PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 777 EP 782 DI 10.1002/hep.510310332 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 289JY UT WOS:000085618500031 PM 10706572 ER PT J AU Dimandja, JMD Stanfill, SB Grainger, J Patterson, DG AF Dimandja, JMD Stanfill, SB Grainger, J Patterson, DG TI Application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) to the qualitative analysis of essential oils SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE spearmint; peppermint; GC x GC; essential oils ID COMPONENTS; SEPARATION AB This paper investigates the separation of moderately complex samples by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC), The analysis of peppermint (Mentha piperita) and spearmint (Mentha spicata) essential oil components, including acetates, alcohols, furans, ketones, sesquiterpenes, and terpenes, was achieved by one-dimensional gas chromatography with quadrupole mass spectrometry detection (GC/MSD) and GC x GC with flame ionization detection. Peppermint essential oil was found to contain 89 identifiable peaks by GC x GC compared to 30 peaks in the GC/MSD chromatogram, Likewise, 68 peaks were found in the GC x GC chromatogram of spearmint (compared to 28 in GC/MSD), Plots of the first dimension versus second dimension retention times provided a fingerprint of the two essential oils, which revealed 52 similar compounds between the two essential oils as opposed to 18 matches by 1D GC. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dimandja, JMD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0935-6304 J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 BP 208 EP 214 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 306PU UT WOS:000086605700008 ER PT J AU Jason, J Inge, KL AF Jason, J Inge, KL TI Mitogen-induced modulation of CD3, CD4, and CD8 SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHA; ConA; T lymphocytes; T-cell antigens; CD3; CD4; CD8 ID HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES-T; TARGET RECOGNITION; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; CYTO-TOXICITY; CELLS; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; OKT3; ENDOCYTOSIS; MOLECULES AB It is not clear whether CD3 contacts CD4 or CD8 directly, nor have the regulation and interregulation of expression of these three receptor molecules been determined. We explored these issues by first stimulating human peripheral blood lymphocytes in two with three well-characterized T-cell receptor-directed mitogens (phytohemagglutinin [PHA], concanavalin A [ConA], and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody [alpha CD3]) and then using multiparameter Ro iv cytometric techniques to investigate modulation of surface (sur) and cytoplasmic (() CD3, CD ri, and CD8. Cultures with alpha CD3 had a rapid, large, and persistent decline in surCD3; the cCD3 median fluorescent intensity (MFI) declined gradually, over the entire culture period. With alpha CD3, surCD4 MFI and cCD4 MFI declined by days 4 to 8 (31% of ex vivo value, p < 0.001 and 47%, p = 0.033), as did surCD8 MFI(58%, p = 0.010). PHA was associated with an increase in surCD8%, surCD8 MFI, and cCD8% at days 4 to 8 (178% of ex vivo, p = 0.003; 168%,p = 0.025;and 331%, p = 0.001). For PHA at days 4 to 8, cCD8 MFI was highly variable bur always higher than in unstimulated cultures (5 of 5 experiments). With ConA, at 3 to 5 hours ex vivo, there was a decrease in surCD3 MFI relative to ex vivo (64%), surCD4% (83%), cCD4% (87%), surCD4 MFI (50%) and cCD4 MFI (48%), surCD8% (85%) and an increase in cCD8% (260%). As with PI-IA, at days 4 to 8, surCD8% was high relative to ex vivo (169%). Thus, we found that alpha CD3 had delayed effects on CD4 and CDS; PHA had delayed effects on CDS only; and ConA had very rapid effects on CD3, CD4, and CD8, as well as a delayed effect un surface CD8. These effects involve both surface and cytoplasmic antigen expression and are more consistent with degradation or retention, rather than with shedding or increased production. They may reflect direct interactions between CD I or CD8 and CD3 and/or interregulation of CDS expression with expression of these coreceptor molecules. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Immunol Branch, DASTLR, NCID,US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jason, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Immunol Branch, DASTLR, NCID,US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop A-25,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 61 IS 3 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0198-8859(99)00128-7 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 287LH UT WOS:000085507000005 PM 10689110 ER PT J AU Wick, GA Bates, JJ Gottschall, CC AF Wick, GA Bates, JJ Gottschall, CC TI Observational evidence of a wind direction signal in SSM/I passive microwave data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE microwave radiometry; ocean surface winds; SSM/I ID SURFACE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; AIRCRAFT K-BAND; WATER; EMISSION; RADIOMETERS; RETRIEVAL; IMAGER AB Recent experiments have demonstrated that a wind direction signal is apparent in passive microwave brightness temperature measurements of the sea surface. Extensive matches of Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) brightness temperatures from several Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites with wind direction measurements from both moored buoys and spaceborne scatterometers clearly show directional signals at 19, 37, and 85 GHz for both horizontal and vertical polarization. The wind direction signal obtained from the mooring matches is noisy due to the limited number of matches but varies little from satellite to satellite, The greater number of matches with the scatterometers results in a clearer directional signal and enables detailed studies of the dependence of the directional signal on environmental conditions. The amplitude of the mean directional signal increases with wind speed. The up/downwind asymmetry most prominent at vertical polarization varies mainly with wind speed, while the crosswind differences also vary with sea state and sea surface temperature. The variability about the mean directional signal is equal to or greater than the amplitude of the mean signal and increases with increasing water vapor content. Because of the large variability, large numbers of SSM/I observations under similar environmental conditions must be averaged before the directional signal is apparent. Comparisons between the observed directional signals and existing model predictions will lend insight into the physical mechanisms responsible for the signal. C1 Univ Colorado, CDC, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wick, GA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CDC, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Bates, John/D-1012-2009 OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 2 BP 823 EP 837 DI 10.1109/36.842011 PN 1 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 304TF UT WOS:000086499700020 ER PT J AU Hines, CJ Milton, DK Larsson, L Petersen, MR Fisk, WJ Mendell, MJ AF Hines, CJ Milton, DK Larsson, L Petersen, MR Fisk, WJ Mendell, MJ TI Characterization and variability of endotoxin and 3-hydroxy fatty acids in an office building during a particle intervention study SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE endotoxion; 3-hydroxy fatty acids; indoor air; exposure assessment ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENVIRONMENTAL ENDOTOXIN; HOUSE-DUST; LIMULUS ASSAY; EXPOSURES; SEVERITY; ASTHMA; LEAD AB Air and dust samples were collected on two floors of an office building during a double-blind particle intervention study to examine spatial and temporal variability of airborne endotoxin over a period of weeks, and to characterize endotoxin activity and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content in carpet and chair dust. Air samples were collected on multiple days within and across weeks. Dust samples were collected from carpets and chairs one day per week for three weeks. Endotoxin was measured using a Limulus assay. Dust samples were analyzed for LPS by determination of 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OHFAs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) for 96 indoor air samples was 0.24 (1.6) EU/m(3). Significant within-floor spatial variation of airborne endotoxin was found (P<0.0001, n=80). Temporal variability of airborne endotoxin was not significant across weeks. Mean (+/-SD) endotoxin levels in carpet dust (59+/-9.3 EU/mg dust, n=12) and in chair dust (38+/-7.7 EU/mg dust, n=10) were significantly different (P<0.001). Carbon chain length-dependent differences in 3-OHFA levels by dust source and floor were found. Enhanced air filtration did not significantly affect airborne endotoxin (P=0.62); however, total dust mass and total endotoxin in carpet dust samples increased significantly after enhanced surface cleaning (P<0.01). These findings suggest that spatial variability, dust source, and surface cleaning may influence building occupant exposures to endotoxin. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Med Microbiol, Lund, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hines, CJ (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cjh8@cdc.gov RI Milton, Donald/G-3286-2010 OI Milton, Donald/0000-0002-0550-7834 NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD MAR PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1 BP 2 EP 12 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0668.2000.010001002.x PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 299VU UT WOS:000086219200001 PM 10842455 ER PT J AU Gaynes, RP AF Gaynes, RP TI Surgical-site infections and the NNISSSI Risk Index: Room for improvement SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID WOUND-INFECTION; AMBULATORY SURGERY; CARDIAC-SURGERY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaynes, RP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E-55,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3 BP 184 EP 185 DI 10.1086/501740 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 294VG UT WOS:000085930600002 PM 10738986 ER PT J AU Trick, WE Kioski, CM Howard, KM Cage, GD Tokars, JI Yen, BM Jarvis, WR AF Trick, WE Kioski, CM Howard, KM Cage, GD Tokars, JI Yen, BM Jarvis, WR TI Outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventriculitis among patients in a neurosurgical intensive care unit SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; VENTRICULOSTOMY; TRANSMISSION; CEPACIA AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the cause of an outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cerebral ventriculitis among eight patients at a community hospital neurosurgical intensive care unit. All had percutaneous external ventricular catheters (EVCs) to monitor cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. METHODS: Cohort study of all patients who had EVCs placed during the epidemic period (August 8-October 22, 1997). A case-patient was any patient with P aeruginosa ventriculitis during the epidemic period. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was per formed on all isolates. RESULTS: P aeruginosa was significantly more likely to be isolated from CSF per EVC placed in the epidemic than pre-epidemic (January 1-August 7, 1997) periods (8/61 [13%] vs 2/131 [1.5%], P=.002). During the epidemic period, ventriculitis was significantly more likely after EVC placement in the operating room than in other units (8/24 vs 0/22, P=.004). EVC placement technique differed for EVCs placed in the operating room (little hair was removed, preventing application of an occlusive dressing) versus other hospital units (more hair was removed, and an occlusive dressing was applied). Among patients who had operating room EVC placement, contact with one healthcare worker was statistically significant (7/13 vs 0/8, P=.02). Hand cultures of this worker were negative. All isolates had closely related PFGE patterns. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a single health-care worker may have contaminated EVC insertion sites, resulting in an outbreak of P aeruginosa ventriculitis. Affected patients were unlikely to have had an occlusive dressing at the EVC insertion site. Application of a sterile occlusive dressing may decrease the risk of ventriculitis in patients with EVCs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. St Josephs Hosp & Med Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Trick, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3 BP 204 EP 208 DI 10.1086/501745 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 294VG UT WOS:000085930600007 PM 10738991 ER PT J AU Kim, SD McDonald, LC Jarvis, WR McAllister, SK Jerris, R Carson, LA Miller, JM AF Kim, SD McDonald, LC Jarvis, WR McAllister, SK Jerris, R Carson, LA Miller, JM TI Determining the significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from blood cultures at a community hospital: A role for species and strain identification SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PLASMID-PATTERN-ANALYSIS; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; PREDICTIVE VALUE; INFECTIONS; BACTEREMIA; EPIDERMIDIS; ENDOCARDITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN AB OBJECTIVES: To determine the degree to which species identification or strain relatedness assessment of successive blood culture isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) may improve the clinical diagnosis of bloodstream infection (BSI). SETTING: 400-bed community hospital. DESIGN: Prospective laboratory survey during which all CNS blood culture isolates obtained between mid-August 1996 and mid-February 1997 (study period) were saved and later identified to the species level; selected isolates were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Retrospective review of medical records of 37 patients with multiple cultures positive for CNS. RESULTS: During the study period, 171 patients had blood cultures positive for CNS; 130 had single positive cultures and 41 had greater than or equal to 2 positive cultures. Of these 41, 23 (62%) were from patients with signs and symptoms of BSI according to CDC surveillance definitions. Species identification and strain clonality of CNS isolates from patients with greater than or equal to 2 positives revealed 3 (13%) of the 23 patients did not have a consistent CNS species, and another 3 (13%) did not have a consistent genotype in the greater than or equal to 2 positive cultures, suggesting that CNS from these patients probably were contaminants. Thus, species identification and strain clonality assessment reduced by 27% the number of patients with BSI diagnosed based on the presence of symptoms and greater than or equal to 2 positive blood cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Routine species identification and selected strain genotyping of CNS may reduce the misinterpretation of probable contaminants among patients with greater than or equal to 2 positive blood cultures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dekalb Med Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 5 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1086/501747 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 294VG UT WOS:000085930600009 PM 10738993 ER PT J AU Isturiz, RE Gubler, DJ del Castillo, JB AF Isturiz, RE Gubler, DJ del Castillo, JB TI Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Latin America and the Caribbean SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH PROBLEM; SHOCK SYNDROME; AEDES-AEGYPTI; VIRUSES; PATHOGENESIS; EPIDEMIC; DISEASE; DIAGNOSIS; FAILURE; TYPE-2 AB Four serotypes of dengue viruses produce dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. They are the most important arbovirus infections of humans, in terms of both morbidity and mortality, constituting one of the most rapidly expanding and re-emerging infectious disease problems in Latin America. In less than 20 years, the region has transformed itself from hypoendemic to hyperendemic, while serotype circulation in most countries has gone from none or single to multiple. Changes in endemicity have coincided with the emergence and increasing incidence of the severer forms of dengue infection. This article reviews the clinical presentations of these diseases. Health care providers who see patients in or returning from areas of Latin America, the Caribbean, and other tropical areas must consider dengue in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with compatible symptoms, and must be knowledgeable in the current management of this important disease. C1 Ctr Med Caracas, Dept Med, Caracas, Venezuela. Ctr Med Docente Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela. Grp Hosp Bichat Claude Bernard, Dept Med Interne, Paris, France. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Este, Dept Pediat, Ctr Med, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. RP Isturiz, RE (reprint author), Ctr Med Caracas, Dept Med, Caracas, Venezuela. NR 65 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 11 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 121 EP + DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70221-X PG 21 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 297EV UT WOS:000086069700009 PM 10738676 ER PT J AU Stamboulian, D Bonvehi, PE Nacinovich, FM Cox, N AF Stamboulian, D Bonvehi, PE Nacinovich, FM Cox, N TI Influenza SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; C VIRUS-INFECTION; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; PREVENTING HOSPITALIZATION; VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS; DEVELOPED-COUNTRIES; ADVERSE REACTIONS; ELDERLY PERSONS; MORTALITY; EFFICACY AB Influenza viruses are able to emerge or re-emerge as "new" viruses with the potential to cause worldwide epidemics of influenza. Global surveillance is of critical importance. The clinical spectrum of influenza varies from asymptomatic infection to the classical flu syndrome. Vaccination is the most effective measure for reducing the impact of the disease, and experiences such as the Argentinian National Immunization Campaigns provide a model of massive vaccine administration for other Latin American countries. New antivirals such as neuraminidase inhibitors will offer valuable benefits in the prevention and treatment of influenza. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Infect Dis, Sch Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Fdn Ctr Estudios Infectol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Educ Med & Invest Clin, Infect Dis Unit, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stamboulian, D (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Infect Dis, Sch Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM info@funcei.org.ar NR 95 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 141 EP + DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70222-1 PG 28 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 297EV UT WOS:000086069700010 PM 10738677 ER PT J AU Speizer, IS Hotchkiss, DR Magnani, RJ Hubbard, B Nelson, K AF Speizer, IS Hotchkiss, DR Magnani, RJ Hubbard, B Nelson, K TI Do service providers in Tanzania unnecessarily restrict clients' access to contraceptive methods? SO INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL BARRIERS; QUALITY AB Context: Even where family planning services are physically accessible and economic barriers to access are few, medical barriers to contraceptive services-such as overspecializatian, eligibility restrictions, process hurdles and provider bias-can limit women's use of services Methods: Data from the 1996 Tanzania Service Availability Survey are used to analyze the prevalence of medical barriers by type of provider; by type of facility and by urban-rural location. Results: Relatively high proportions of providers restrict eligibility by age, particularly for oral contraceptives the most widely used method among Tanzanian women. Between 79% and 81% of medical aides, trained midwives, maternal and child health aides and auxiliary staff (the most common types of family planning service providers in rural Tanzania) impose age restrictions for the pill. Among all providers, 10-13% report that there is at least one modern method they would never recommend, and 13% report having sent a client home until her next menses, an inappropriate process hurdle for the provision of most hormonal methods. In the aggregate, these restrictions severely limit access to contraceptives for certain groups of women. For example, young, unmarried women who are not menstruating at the time of their visit would encounter one or more barriers or process hurdles at more than 70% of urban facilities and at 80%; of rural facilities. Conclusions: If preservice and in-service training and supervisory visits placed greater emphasis on compliance with the Tanzanian National Family Planning Program's service guidelines and standards, providers' unnecessary restrictions on contraceptive use might be reduced, and ultimately eliminated. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Speizer, IS (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0162-2749 J9 INT FAM PLAN PERSPEC JI Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 26 IS 1 BP 13 EP + DI 10.2307/2648285 PG 9 WC Demography; Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 301CA UT WOS:000086289500003 ER PT J AU Lunder, T Sorum, H Holstad, G Steigerwalt, AG Mowinckel, P Brenner, DJ AF Lunder, T Sorum, H Holstad, G Steigerwalt, AG Mowinckel, P Brenner, DJ TI Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Vibrio viscosus sp nov and Vibrio wodanis sp nov isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with 'winter ulcer' SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vibrio viscosus; Vibrio wodanis; salmon ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; GENUS PHOTOBACTERIUM; COMB-NOV; FISH; DNA; PHYLOGENY; BENECKEA; PLASMIDS; GENERA; CLASSIFICATION AB Two groups of Vibrio strains isolated from Atlantic salmon with 'winter ulcer' were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. The data obtained indicated that each of the two groups represented a new species in the genus Vibrio. The names Vibrio viscosus sp. nov. [type strain NVI 88/478(T) (= NCIMB 13584(T))] and Vibrio wodanis sp. nov. [type strain NVI 88/441(T) (= NCIMB 13582(T))] 13584(T))] and Vibrio wodanis sp. nov. [type strain NVI 88/441(T)(= NCIMB 13582(T))] are proposed for the new species. V. viscosus strains exhibited a similar total DNA RFLP pattern and a similar plasmid DNA profile. DNA relatedness (hydroxyapatite method) of the V. viscosus type strain to nine other V. viscosus strains was 81-93 % at 60 degrees C. Divergence within related sequences was 0.0-1.5 % and relatedness at 75 degrees C was 74-100 %. V. wodanis strains exhibited marked heterogeneity on the basis of RFLP analysis and plasmid profiles. DNA relatedness of the V. wodanis type strain to 10 other V. wodanis strains was 66-94% at 60 degrees C. Divergence within related sequences was 0.0-1.5% and relatedness at 75 degrees C was 55-97 %. Relatedness between V. viscosus and V. wodanis type strains was approximately 20%. Among other Vibrio species, the closest relative of V. viscosus was Vibrio marinus (ATCC 15381(T)) (43% relatedness at 60 degrees C) and that of V. wodanis was Vibrio logei (ATCC 15382) (57 % relatedness at 60 degrees C). These same pairs were the closest phenotypic relatives. DNA sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of V. viscosus indicated an intimate relationship to V. marinus. A total evaluation of the results, however, supports V. viscosus to be a separate species in the genus Vibrio. The analysis of the sequence of the 165 rRNA gene of V. wodanis supports that V. logei (ATCC 15382) was the most related species. Ability to degrade casein, oxidative production of acid from trehalose and production of lysine decarboxylase are important biochemical tests that will differentiate between V. viscosus, V. wodanis, V. marinus (ATCC 15381(T)) and V. logei (ATCC 15382). C1 Natl Vet Inst, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Medstat, N-2010 Strommen, Norway. Norwegian Coll Vet Med, Dept Pharmacol Microbiol & Food Hyg, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. RP Sorum, H (reprint author), Norwegian Coll Vet Med, Dept Pharmacol Microbiol & Food Hyg, POB 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. NR 51 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 50 BP 427 EP 450 PN 2 PG 24 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 298LX UT WOS:000086141800001 PM 10758846 ER PT J AU Schinsky, MF McNeil, MM Whitney, AM Steigerwalt, AG Lasker, BA Floyd, MM Hogg, GG Brenner, DJ Brown, JM AF Schinsky, MF McNeil, MM Whitney, AM Steigerwalt, AG Lasker, BA Floyd, MM Hogg, GG Brenner, DJ Brown, JM TI Mycobacterium septicum sp nov., a new rapidly growing species associated with catheter-related bacteraemia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium septicum sp nov.; Mycobacterium fortuitum complex; sepsis/bacteraemia; DNA-DNA hybridization; 16S rRNA gene sequence ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE; IDENTIFICATION; FORTUITUM; COMPLEX AB Rapidly growing mycobacteria are capable of causing several clinical diseases in both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals. A previously unidentified, rapidly growing mycobacterium was determined to be the causative agent of central line sepsis in a child with underlying metastatic hepatoblastoma, Four isolates of this mycobacterium. three from blood and one from the central venous catheter tip, were studied. Phenotypic characterization, HPLC and genetic analysis revealed that while this organism most closely resembled members of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex and Mycobacterium senegalense, it differed from all previously described species. Phenotypic tests useful in differentiating this species from similar rapidly growing mycobacteria included: growth at 42 degrees C, hydrolysis of acetamide, utilization of citrate, production of arylsulfatase (3-d), acidification of D-mannitol and i-myo-inositol, and susceptibility to erythromycin, vancomycin and tobramycin, The name Mycobacterium septicum is proposed for this new species. The type strain has keen deposited in Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen as DSM 44393(T) and in the American Type Culture Collection as strain ATCC 700731(T). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 50 BP 575 EP 581 PN 2 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 298LX UT WOS:000086141800018 PM 10758863 ER PT J AU Reporter, R Mascola, L Kilman, L Medina, A Mohle-Boetani, J Farrar, J Vugia, D Fletcher, M Levy, M Ravenholt, O Empey, L Maxson, D Klouse, P Bryant, A Todd, R Williams, M Cage, G Bland, L AF Reporter, R Mascola, L Kilman, L Medina, A Mohle-Boetani, J Farrar, J Vugia, D Fletcher, M Levy, M Ravenholt, O Empey, L Maxson, D Klouse, P Bryant, A Todd, R Williams, M Cage, G Bland, L TI Outbreaks of Salmonella serotype enteritidis infection associated with eating raw or undercooked shell eggs - United States, 1996-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 73-79, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Acute Communicable Dis Control Unit, Environm Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Bacteriol Publ Hlth Lab, Environm Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Food & Milk Program, Environm Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol & Dis Control, Washington, DC USA. Clark Cty Hlth Dist, Las Vegas, NV USA. Nevada State Hlth Div, Carson City, NV 89710 USA. Maricopa Cty Hlth Dept, Phoenix, AZ USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reporter, R (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Acute Communicable Dis Control Unit, Environm Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 9 BP 1132 EP 1134 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 286BQ UT WOS:000085424100008 ER PT J AU Healton, C Messeri, P Reynolds, J Wolfe, C Stokes, C Ross, J Flint, K Robb, W Farrelly, M AF Healton, C Messeri, P Reynolds, J Wolfe, C Stokes, C Ross, J Flint, K Robb, W Farrelly, M TI Tobacco use among middle and high school students - United States, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 49-53, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Amer Legacy Fdn, Washington, DC USA. CDC Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Macro Int Inc, Calverton, MD USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Healton, C (reprint author), Amer Legacy Fdn, Washington, DC USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 9 BP 1134 EP 1136 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 286BQ UT WOS:000085424100009 ER PT J AU Salmon, DA Gangarosa, EJ Chen, RT AF Salmon, DA Gangarosa, EJ Chen, RT TI Health consequences of exemptions from immunization laws - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Salmon, DA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 9 BP 1141 EP 1142 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 286BQ UT WOS:000085424100020 ER PT J AU De Cock, KM Fowler, MG Mercier, E de Vincenzi, I Saba, J Hoff, E Alnwick, DJ Rogers, M Shaffer, N AF De Cock, KM Fowler, MG Mercier, E de Vincenzi, I Saba, J Hoff, E Alnwick, DJ Rogers, M Shaffer, N TI Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in resource-poor countries - Translating research into policy and practice SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; CLINICAL-TRIAL; COTE-DIVOIRE; INFANT; TYPE-1; INFECTION; ABIDJAN; AFRICA AB Each year, an estimated 590 000 infants acquire human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection from their mothers, mostly in developing countries that are unable to implement interventions now standard in the industrialized world. In resource-poor settings, the HIV pandemic has eroded hard-won gains in infant and child survival. Recent clinical trial results from international settings suggest that short-course antiretroviral regimens could significantly reduce perinatal HIV transmission worldwide if research findings could be translated into practice. This article reviews current knowledge of mother-to-child HIV transmission in developing countries, summarizes key findings from the trials, outlines future research requirements, and describes public health challenges of implementing perinatal HIV prevention interventions in resource-poor settings, Public health efforts must also emphasize primary prevention strategies to reduce incident HIV infections among adolescents and women of childbearing age. Successful implementation of available perinatal HIV interventions could substantially improve global child survival. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UN Childrens Fund, Programme Div, New York, NY USA. WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Dept Policy Strategy & Res, Joint UN Programme HIV AIDS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP De Cock, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, CDC MS D-21,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 56 TC 537 Z9 551 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 9 BP 1175 EP 1182 DI 10.1001/jama.283.9.1175 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 286BQ UT WOS:000085424100027 PM 10703780 ER PT J AU Cannon, MJ Dollard, SM Smith, DK Klein, RS Schuman, P Rich, J Vlahov, D Pellett, PE AF Cannon, MJ Dollard, SM Smith, DK Klein, RS Schuman, P Rich, J Vlahov, D Pellett, PE TI Evidence of blood-borne transmission of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) among women with HIV risk behaviors. SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. New York Acad Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 MA 4 BP A15 EP A15 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 311KP UT WOS:000086883600044 ER PT J AU Dollard, SM Pau, CP Spira, TJ Pellett, PE AF Dollard, SM Pau, CP Spira, TJ Pellett, PE TI Serologic assays for detection of HHV-8 antibodies SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 MA 83 BP A35 EP A35 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 311KP UT WOS:000086883600120 ER PT J AU Pellett, PE Todd, D Sharma, UK Ablashi, D Dollard, SC Forghani, B Goedert, J Jenkins, FJ Lee, TH Neipel, F Whitby, D Nemo, G Busch, M AF Pellett, PE Todd, D Sharma, UK Ablashi, D Dollard, SC Forghani, B Goedert, J Jenkins, FJ Lee, TH Neipel, F Whitby, D Nemo, G Busch, M CA NHLBI REDS TI Multicenter comparison of HHV-8 serologic assays and assessment of HHV-8 seroprevalence in US blood donors SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. ABI, Columbia, MD USA. Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. NCI, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Virol, Erlangen, Germany. NHLBI, REDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 MA 86 BP A36 EP A36 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 311KP UT WOS:000086883600124 ER PT J AU Whitaker, DJ Miller, KS AF Whitaker, DJ Miller, KS TI Parent-adolescent discussions about sex and condoms: Impact on peer influences of sexual risk behavior SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMMUNICATION; AIDS; PREDICTORS; PATTERNS AB This research examined how parent-adolescent communication about initiating sex and condoms influenced the relationship between peer norms and behavior: African American and Hispanic adolescents reported on parent-adolescent discussions about initiating sex and condoms, perceived peer norms about sex and condom use, and their own behavior Communication about sex and perceived peer norms about sex were each related to sexual behavior; and communication about condoms and peer norms about condoms were related to condom use behavior. For both sex and condom use, the peer norm-behavior relationship was moderated by parental communication: Peer norms were more strongly related to behavior among adolescents who had not discussed sex or condoms with a parent. Communication was also related to teens naming a parent as their best source of information about sex Results suggest that a lack of communication may cause adolescents to turn to peers and that peers may then influence their behavior. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Whitaker, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 197 Z9 202 U1 6 U2 58 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0743-5584 J9 J ADOLESCENT RES JI J. Adolesc. Res. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 15 IS 2 BP 251 EP 273 DI 10.1177/0743558400152004 PG 23 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 289MU UT WOS:000085627200004 ER PT J AU Barrios, LC Everett, SA Simon, TR Brener, ND AF Barrios, LC Everett, SA Simon, TR Brener, ND TI Suicide ideation among US college students - Associations with other injury risk behaviors SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE college; intentional injury; suicide; suicide ideation; unintentional injury ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; SEXUAL ORIENTATION; SUBSTANCE USE; DRUG-USE; ADOLESCENTS AB Suicide, the endpoint of a continuum that begins with suicide ideation, is the third leading cause of death among the US college-aged population. The first and second leading causes of death among this age group, unintentional injury and homicide, may also be linked to suicide ideation. We used data from the National College Health Risk Behavior Survey to examine the association between suicide ideation and injury-related behaviors among 18- to 24-year-old college students. Students who reported suicide ideation were significantly more likely than students who did not report considering suicide to carry a weapon, engage in a physical fight, boat or swim after drinking alcohol, ride with a driver who had been drinking alcohol, drive after drinking alcohol, and rarely or never used seat belts. Given this clustering of injury-related risk behaviors;college prevention programs should aim to reduce risks for injuries comprehensively, rather than addressing each risk behavior separately. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barrios, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 6 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0744-8481 J9 J AM COLL HEALTH JI J. Am. Coll. Health PD MAR PY 2000 VL 48 IS 5 BP 229 EP 233 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 296YA UT WOS:000086053300005 PM 10778023 ER PT J AU Ives, TJ Marston, EL Regnery, RL Butts, JD Majerus, TC AF Ives, TJ Marston, EL Regnery, RL Butts, JD Majerus, TC TI In vitro susceptibilities of Rickettsia and Bartonella spp. to 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin as determined by immunofluorescent antibody analysis of infected Vero cell monolayers SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 28-OCT 03, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP South African Med Res Council, Harry Crossley Fdn, Univ Stellenbosch ID ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS; SP-NOV; CLARITHROMYCIN; AZITHROMYCIN; INVITRO; METABOLITE; QUINTANA; PHARMACOKINETICS AB The in vitro susceptibilities of Rickettsia akari, Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia prowazekii, Rickettsia rickettsii, Bartonella elizabethae, Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana to different concentrations of clarithromycin, 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin (the primary metabolite of clarithromycin) and tetracycline in Vero cell cultures, were determined by enumeration of immunofluorescently-stained bacilli. The extent of antibiotic-induced inhibition of fool was recorded for each dilution of antibiotic and compared with an antibiotic-negative control. Based upon MIC data, clarithromycin alone is highly active against all three Bartonella spp., R. akari and R. prowazekii, while 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin is active against R, conorii, R. prowazekii and R. rickettsii. Further testing is warranted in animal models and human clinical trials, to examine the activity of both clarithromycin and its primary metabolite and to define further the role of clarithromycin in therapy, particularly of infections caused by obligate intracellular bacteria such as Rickettsia and Bartonella spp. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina Hosp, Dept Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. RP Ives, TJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Campus Box 7595, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 45 IS 3 BP 305 EP 310 DI 10.1093/jac/45.3.305 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 300GG UT WOS:000086244100006 PM 10702548 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Mussolino, M Madans, JH AF Gillum, RF Mussolino, M Madans, JH TI The relation between fish consumption, death from all causes, and incidence of coronary heart disease: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coronary disease; mortality; cancer; fish oils; fish; female; blacks ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; BREAST-CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; COLON-CANCER; RISK; MORTALITY; STROKE; INFORMATION; SMOKING; WOMEN AB Few published data are available on fish consumption and risk of death in women or blacks. This study assesses the level of fish consumption as a risk factor for death from all causes and selected causes, and incidence of coronary heart disease. Participants were members of the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, a longitudinal cohort study of a national sample. Included in this analysis were 8825 white and black women and men aged 25-74 years when examined in 1971 through 1975 who did not report a history of heart disease at that time. Average follow-up for survivors of 18.8 years (maximum 22.1 years). The main outcomes measured were death tall causes, cardiovascular, noncardiovascular, cancer) and incidence of coronary heart disease. Fish consumption at baseline was obtained from a 3-month food frequency questionnaire. White men aged 25-74 years with fish consumption one time/week had an age-adjusted risk of death only about three quarters that of men never consuming fish. This effect persisted after controlling for multiple risk variables (1 time/week relative risk 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.63-0.91). No additional reduction in risk was seen for consumption >1 time/ week (adjusted relative risk 0.85, 95% CI 0.68-1.06). Similar bur. nonsignificant trends were seen in white and black women, but not black men. In white men, risk of noncardiovascular death but not cardiovascular death was also significantly reduced in those consuming fish once or more a week. No consistent association of fish consumption and coronary heart disease incidence or mortality was seen. White men consuming fish once a week had significantly lower risk of death over a 22-year follow-up than those never consuming fish. This was mostly attributable to reductions in death from noncardiovascular causes. Similar patterns, though not significant, were seen in women. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate mechanisms for the effect of fish consumption on noncardiovascular mortality. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 42 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 53 IS 3 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00149-3 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 306AX UT WOS:000086574900003 PM 10760632 ER PT J AU Cheng, YL Macera, CA Davis, DR Ainsworth, BE Troped, PJ Blair, SN AF Cheng, YL Macera, CA Davis, DR Ainsworth, BE Troped, PJ Blair, SN TI Physical activity and self-reported, physician-diagnosed osteoarthritis: is physical activity a risk factor? SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol; body mass index; caffeine, cohort study; etiology; exercise; obesity; proportional hazards; smoking ID 1ST NATIONAL-HEALTH; SURVEY NHANES-I; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; HIP OSTEOARTHRITIS; OSTEO-ARTHRITIS; WOMEN; CAFFEINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE AB This prospective study evaluated regular physical activity and self-reported physician-diagnosed osteoarthritis of the knee and/or hip joints among 16,961 people, ages 20-87, examined at the Cooper Clinic between 1970 and 1995. Among those aged 50 years and older, osteoarthritis incidence was higher among women (7.0 per 1000 person-years) than among men (4.9 per 1000 person-years, P = 0.001), while among those under 50 years of age, osteoarthritis incidence was similar between men (2.6) and women (2.7). High levels of physical activity (running 20 or more miles per week) were associated with osteoarthritis among men under age 50 after controlling for body mass index, smoking, and use of alcohol or caffeine (hazard ratio = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.9), while no relationship was suggested among women or older men. These findings support the conclusion that high levels of physical activity may be a risk factor for symptomatic osteoarthritis among men under age 50. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Cooper Inst Aerob Res, Div Epidemiol, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Macera, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway K46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG06945] NR 40 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 53 IS 3 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00168-7 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 306AX UT WOS:000086574900014 PM 10760643 ER PT J AU Hoyer, AP Jorgensen, T Brock, JW Grandjean, P AF Hoyer, AP Jorgensen, T Brock, JW Grandjean, P TI Organochlorine exposure and breast cancer survival SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE organochlorines; dieldrin; PCB; DDT; breast cancer survival ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BODY SIZE; WOMEN; RISK; PESTICIDES; PROGNOSIS; CARCINOMA; PARITY; TISSUE; SERUM AB Recent research suggests that exposure to organochlorines, such as dieldrin that possess estrogenic properties, may increase the risk of breast cancer by promoting growth of malignant cells. Whether this potential also affects malignant cells not eradicated by treatment, and thereby survival, is unknown. To evaluate this blood samples from female participants in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, Denmark, were analyzed for organochlorines. A total of 195 breast cancer cases, who each provided two blood samples that were taken in 1976-78 and 1981-83, respectively, were included in the survival analysis. Dieldrin had a significant adverse effect on overall survival and breast cancer specific survival (RR, 2.78, 95% CI, 1.38-5.59, P trend < 0.01; RR, 2.61, 95% CI, 0.97-7.01, P trend < 0.01). This association was strengthened when exposure was assessed as the average serum concentration of the two measurements. These findings suggest that past exposure to estrogenic organochlorines such as dieldrin may not only affect the risk of developing breast cancer but also the survival. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 KAS Glostrup, Ctr Prevent Med, Glostrup, Denmark. Copenhagen Ctr Prospect Populat Studies, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. KAS Glostrup, Ctr Prevent Med, Glostrup, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Boston Sch Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Boston Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA USA. Boston Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Odense Univ, Inst Community Hlth, Odense, Denmark. RP Hoyer, AP (reprint author), KAS Glostrup, Ctr Prevent Med, Glostrup, Denmark. EM APH@Post6.tele.dle OI Grandjean, Philippe/0000-0003-4046-9658 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07381] NR 39 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0895-4356 EI 1878-5921 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 53 IS 3 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00165-1 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 306AX UT WOS:000086574900015 PM 10760644 ER PT J AU Shulman, LM Handsher, R Yang, CF Yang, SJ Manor, J Vonsover, A Grossman, Z Pallansch, M Mendelson, E Kew, OM AF Shulman, LM Handsher, R Yang, CF Yang, SJ Manor, J Vonsover, A Grossman, Z Pallansch, M Mendelson, E Kew, OM TI Resolution of the pathways of poliovirus type 1 transmission during an outbreak SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; INDIAN SUBCONTINENT; WEST-BANK; POLIOMYELITIS; WILD; ISRAEL; IDENTIFICATION; VIRUSES; STRAINS; SEWAGE AB An outbreak of poliomyelitis with 20 eases occurred in Israel, Gaza, and the West Bank from October 1987 to October 1988. The wild type 1 poliovirus associated with the outbreak was most closely related to viruses found in the Nile Delta. The epidemiologic links among patients involved in the outbreak and patients with community-acquired Infections during the outbreak were inferred from the evolutionary relationships among isolates of the outbreak virus. Complete VP1 sequences (906 nucleotides) were determined for 12 clinical and 4 sewage isolates. A total of 58 nucleotide differences were found among the 16 isolates; 74% of all substitutions were synonymous third-position transitions. An evolutionary tree, representing both the pathways of VP1 sequence evolution and the inferred chains of virus transmission during the outbreak, was constructed under the assumption that each substitution had occurred only once. The combined epidemiologic and molecular data suggest that a single founder strain was introduced into Israel from the vicinity of Gaza in the fall of 1987. Poliovirus circulation was apparently localized to southern communities during the winter and spread north by the following summer into the Hadera subdistrict of Israel, where it radiated via multiple chains of transmission into other communities in northern Israel and the West Bank The close sequence matches (>99%) between clinical and sewage isolates from the same communities confirm the utility of environmental sampling as a tool for monitoring wild poliovirus circulation. C1 Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Cent Virol Lab, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shulman, LM (reprint author), Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Cent Virol Lab, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. NR 31 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 3 BP 945 EP 952 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 291ND UT WOS:000085742200001 PM 10698978 ER PT J AU Liz, JS Anderes, L Sumner, JW Massung, RF Gern, L Rutti, B Brossard, M AF Liz, JS Anderes, L Sumner, JW Massung, RF Gern, L Rutti, B Brossard, M TI PCR detection of granulocytic Ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus ticks and wild small mammals in western Switzerland SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIA-LIKE ORGANISMS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; NEW-YORK-STATE; LYME-DISEASE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; PHAGOCYTOPHILA GENOGROUP; SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE; NATURAL INFECTION; BORNE PATHOGENS; UNITED-STATES AB The presence of granulocytic ehrlichiae was demonstrated by PCR in Ixodes ricinus ticks and wild small mammals in Switzerland in two areas of endemicity for bovine ehrlichiosis. Six ticks (three females and three nymphs) (1.4%) of 417 I. ricinus ticks collected by flagging vegetation contained ehrlichial DNA. A total of 201 small mammals from five species, wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), earth vole (Pitymys subterraneus), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), and common shrew (Sorex araneus), were trapped. The analysis of I. ricinus mammals collected on 116 small mammals showed that nine C. glareolus voles and two A. sylvaticus mice hosted infected tick larvae. In these rodents, granulocytic ehrlichia infection was also detected in blood, spleen, liver, and ear samples. Further examinations of 190 small mammals without ticks or with noninfected ticks showed the presence of ehrlichial DNA in spleen and other tissues from six additional C. glareolus, three A. flavicollis, and one S. araneus mammals. This study suggests that A. sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, S. araneus, and particularly C. glareolus are likely to be natural reservoirs for granulocytic ehrlichiae. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of granulocytic ehrlichiae from ticks and rodents showed a high degree of homology (99 to 100%) with granulocytic ehrlichiae isolated from humans. In contrast, groESL heat shock operon sequence analysis showed a strong divergence (approximately 5%) between the sequences in samples derived from rodents and those derived from samples from questing ticks or from other published ehrlichia sequences. Dual infections with granulocytic ehrlichia and Borrelia burgdorferi were found in ticks and small mammals. C1 Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, Dept Immunol, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, Dept Parasitol, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Liz, JS (reprint author), Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, Dept Immunol, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. NR 72 TC 140 Z9 146 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1002 EP 1007 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 291ND UT WOS:000085742200010 PM 10698987 ER PT J AU Effler, PV Domen, HY Bragg, SL Aye, T Sasaki, DM AF Effler, PV Domen, HY Bragg, SL Aye, T Sasaki, DM TI Evaluation of the indirect hemagglutination assay for diagnosis of acute leptospirosis in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Timely diagnosis of leptospirosis is important to ensure a favorable clinical outcome. The definitive serologic assay, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), requires paired sera and is not useful for guiding early clinical management. The only screening test approved for use in the United States, the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), has not undergone extensive field evaluation. To assess the performance of the leptospirosis IHA in Hawaii, serum from patients evaluated for leptospirosis between 1992 and 1997 were tested with the IHA at the Hawaii State Laboratories Division and with the MAT at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Leptospirosis was considered confirmed by a fourfold rise in MAT titer and/or a positive culture. A total of 92 (41%) of 226 specimens from 114 persons with confirmed leptospirosis were found positive by IHA. Only 18 (15%) of 119 specimens obtained within 14 days of onset were IHA positive, compared to 74 (69%) of 107 specimens collected more than 14 days after onset (P <0.001). Repeat testing ultimately resulted in 78 (68%) of the confirmed cases having at least one specimen found positive by IHA. Thirteen different presumptive infecting serogroups were identified among 251 specimens with an MAT titer of greater than or equal to 200 and obtained from persons with confirmed or probable leptospirosis. Fifty (68%) of 73 specimens with Icterohaemorrhagiae as the presumptive infecting serogroup were found positive by IHA, compared to 44 (47%) of 93 specimens,vith Australis as the presumptive infecting serogroup (P, 0.01), The IHA test was positive for 3 (1%) of 236 specimens from 154 persons without leptospirosis. The sensitivity of the leptospirosis IHA in Hawaii was substantially below figures reported previously, particularly early in the course of illness, limiting its usefulness for diagnosing acute infection. Since the presumptive infecting serogroup affected IHA results and the prevalence of serovars varies with geography, the performance of the IHA should be assessed locally. More sensitive leptospirosis screening tests are needed in Hawaii. C1 Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Communicable Dis Div, Epidemiol Branch, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Hawaii State Dept Hlth, State Labs Div, Med Microbiol Branch, Pearl City, HI 96782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC WHO Collaborating Ctr Leptospirosis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Effler, PV (reprint author), Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Communicable Dis Div, Epidemiol Branch, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1081 EP 1084 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 291ND UT WOS:000085742200024 PM 10699001 ER PT J AU Hill, BC Baker, CN Tenover, FC AF Hill, BC Baker, CN Tenover, FC TI A simplified method for testing Bordetella pertussis for resistance to erythromycin and other antimicrobial agents SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITIES; SURVEILLANCE AB Present methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Bordetella pertussis are time consuming and require specialized media that are not commercially available. We tested 52 isolates of B. pertussis for resistance to erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and rifampin by agar dilution with Bordet-Gengou agar (BGA) containing 20% horse blood (reference method), Etest using EGA and Regan-Lowe agar without cephalexin (RL-C), and disk diffusion using EGA and RL-C. The organisms tested included four erythromycin-resistant isolates of B. pertussis from a single patient, a second erythromycin-resistant strain of B. pertussis from an unrelated patient in another state, and 47 nasopharyngeal surveillance isolates of B. pertussis from children in the western United States. The results of agar dilution testing using direct inoculation of the organisms suspended in Mueller-Hinton broth were within +/-1 dilution of those obtained after overnight passage of the inoculum in Stainer-Scholte medium, which is the traditional method of testing B. pertussis. The Etest method produced MICs similar to those of the agar dilution reference method for three of the four antimicrobial agents tested; the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole results were lower with Etest, particularly when the direct suspension method was used, Most of the Etest MICs, except for that of erythromycin, were on scale. Disk diffusion testing using RL-C medium was helpful in identifying the erythromycin-resistant strains, which produced no zone of inhibition around the disk; susceptible isolates produced zones of at least 42 mm, Thus, the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of B, pertussis can be simplified by using the Etest or disk diffusion on RL-C to screen for erythromycin-resistant isolates of B. pertussis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program G08, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program G08, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1151 EP 1155 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 291ND UT WOS:000085742200034 PM 10699011 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Maher, K Flemister, MR Marchetti, G Kilpatrick, DR Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Maher, K Flemister, MR Marchetti, G Kilpatrick, DR Pallansch, MA TI Comparison of classic and molecular approaches for the identification of untypeable enteroviruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS AB Members of the family Picornaviridae are the most common viruses infecting humans, and species in several genera also infect a wide variety of other mammals. Picornaviruses have traditionally been classified by antigenic type, based on a serum neutralization assay. However, this method is time consuming and labor-intensive, is sensitive to virus aggregation and antigenic variation, and requires a large number of antisera to identify all serotypes, even when antiserum pools are used. We developed generic reverse transcription (RT)-PCR primers that will amplify all human enterovirus serotypes, as well as many rhinoviruses and other picornaviruses, and used RT-PCR amplification of the VP1 gene and amplicon sequencing to identify enteroviruses that were refractory to typing by neutralization with pooled antisera, Enterovirus serotypes determined by sequencing were confirmed by neutralization with monospecific antisera, Of 55 isolates tested, 49 were of known enterovirus serotypes, two were rhinoviruses, and four were clearly picornaviruses but did not match any known picornavirus sequence. All four untyped picornaviruses were closely related to one another in sequence, suggesting that they are of the same serotype. RT-PCR, coupled with amplicon sequencing, is a simple and rapid method for the typing and classification of picornaviruses and may lead to the identification of many new picornavirus serotypes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 233 Z9 260 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1170 EP 1174 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 291ND UT WOS:000085742200038 PM 10699015 ER PT J AU Morgan, U Weber, R Xiao, LH Sulaiman, I Thompson, RCA Ndiritu, W Lal, A Moore, A Deplazes, P AF Morgan, U Weber, R Xiao, LH Sulaiman, I Thompson, RCA Ndiritu, W Lal, A Moore, A Deplazes, P TI Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates obtained from human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals living in Switzerland, Kenya, and the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARVUM; DIARRHEA; NAIROBI; PCR AB A total of 22 Cryptosporidium isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients from Kenya, Switzerland, and the United States were examined at three genetic loci: the 18S ribosomal DNA, HSP-70, and acetyl coenzyme A synthetase genes. Four distinct Cryptosporidium genotypes were identified: (i) the Cryptosporidium parvum "human" genotype, (ii) the C. parvum "cattle" genotype, (iii) Cryptosporidium felis, and (iv) Cryptosporidium meleagridis. This is the first report of C. meleagridis in a human host. These results and those of others indicate that immunocompromised individuals are susceptible to a wide range of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes. Future studies are required to understand the full public health significance of Cryptosporidium genotypes and species in immunocompromised hosts. C1 Murdoch Univ, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Murdoch Univ, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Univ Zurich Hosp, Div Infect Dis, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Zurich, Inst Parasitol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Morgan, U (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Infektiologie, USZ/A-6921-2011 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 18 TC 170 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1180 EP 1183 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 291ND UT WOS:000085742200040 PM 10699017 ER PT J AU Aguilar, JC Perez-Brena, MP Garcia, ML Cruz, N Erdman, DD Echevarria, JE AF Aguilar, JC Perez-Brena, MP Garcia, ML Cruz, N Erdman, DD Echevarria, JE TI Detection and identification of human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4 in clinical samples of pediatric patients by multiplex reverse transcription-PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ENZYME HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFECTIONS; TYPE-3; RNA; SPECIMENS; INFANTS AB We describe a multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (m-RT-PCR) assay that is able to detect and differentiate all known human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs). Serial dilution experiments with reference strains that compared cell culture isolation and m-RT-PCR showed sensitivities ranging from 0.0004 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) for HPIV type 4B (HPN-4B) to 32 TCID(50)s for HPIV-3. As few as 10 plasmids containing HPIV PCR products could be detected in all cases. When 201 nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens from pediatric patients hospitalized for lower respiratory illness were tested, m-RT-PCR assay detected 64 HPIVs (24 HPIV-3, 23 HPIV-1, 10 HPIV-4, and 7 HPIV-2), while only 42 of them (21 HPIV-1, 14 HPIV-3, 6 HPIV-2, and 1 HPIV-4 isolates) grew in cell culture. Our m-RT-PCR assay was more sensitive than either cell culture isolation or indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies for the detection of HPIV infections. Also, HPIV-4 was more frequently detected than HPIV-2 in this study, suggesting that it may have been underestimated as a lower respiratory tract pathogen because of the insensitivity of cell culture. C1 Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Serv Virol, Madrid 28220, Spain. Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Serv Microbiol Diagnost, Madrid 28220, Spain. Hosp Severo Ochoa, Serv Pediat, Madrid, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aguilar, JC (reprint author), Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Serv Virol, Carretera Majadahonda Pozuelo S-N, Madrid 28220, Spain. RI Echevarria, Juan E./F-7913-2016 OI Echevarria, Juan E./0000-0001-7522-850X NR 32 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1191 EP 1195 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 291ND UT WOS:000085742200043 PM 10699020 ER PT J AU Burns, RA Roy, JS Woods, C Padhye, AA Warnock, DW AF Burns, RA Roy, JS Woods, C Padhye, AA Warnock, DW TI Report of the first human case of lobomycosis in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; LOBOS-DISEASE; PENICILLIOSIS; INFECTION; MARNEFFEI AB We describe the first human case of lobomycosis caused by Lacazia loboi in a 42-year-old white male resident of Georgia. The patient had traveled to Venezuela 7 years earlier, where he had planned to rappel down Angel Falls in Canaima. Although he never actually rappelled the falls, he did walk under the falls at least three times, exposing himself to the high water pressures of the falls. He noticed a small pustule with surrounding erythema developing on the skin of his right chest wall. The lesion gradually increased in size and had an appearance of a keloid. For cosmetic reasons, the patient sought medical treatment to remove the lesion. After an uncomplicated excision of the lesion, the patient recovered completely. The excised tissue was fixed in formalin for pathologic examination. Tissue sections stained by hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff stain, and Gomori methenamine silver stain procedures showed numerous histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, and numerous globose or subglobose, lemon-shaped cells producing multiple blastoconidia connected by narrow tube-like connectors and catenate chains of various lengths characteristic of L. loboi. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. N Georgia Surg Associates, Dalton, GA 30722 USA. Dianon Syst Inc, Stratford, CT 06615 USA. RP Padhye, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1283 EP 1285 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 291ND UT WOS:000085742200066 PM 10699043 ER PT J AU Mead, PS Slutsker, L Dietz, V McCaig, LF Bresee, JS Shapiro, C Griffin, PM Tauxe, RV AF Mead, PS Slutsker, L Dietz, V McCaig, LF Bresee, JS Shapiro, C Griffin, PM Tauxe, RV TI Food-related illness and death in the United States (Reprinted from Emerging Infectious Diseases) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Reprint AB To better quantify the impact of foodborne diseases on health in the United States, we compiled and analyzed information from multiple surveillance systems and other sources. We estimate that foodborne diseases cause approximately 76 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations, and 5,000 deaths in the United States each year, Known pathogens account for an estimated 14 million illnesses, 60,000 hospitalizations, and 1,800 deaths. Three pathogens, Salmonella, Listeria, and Toxoplasma , are responsible for 1,500 deaths each year, more than 75% of those caused by known pathogens, while unknown agents account for the remaining 62 million illnesses, 265,000 hospitalizations, and 3,200 deaths. Overall, foodborne diseases appear to cause more illnesses but fewer deaths than previously estimated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mead, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mail Stop A38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 30 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 7 BP 9 EP 18 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 390MQ UT WOS:000166300400004 ER PT J AU Boscarino, JA Chang, J AF Boscarino, JA Chang, J TI Nontraditional services provided by nonprofit and for-profit hospitals: Implications for community health SO JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; PERCEPTION; PREVENTION; DISEASE; LESSONS; TRIALS; CARE AB In part because of reimbursement changes in the 1980s, hospitals became involved in health promotion and disease prevention activities often to attract patients. Today, these services may have an effect on the burden of disease and on illness prevention in some communities. Given the changes anticipated in healthcare delivery, assessing the scope of these services and integrating them with other private-public efforts is of utmost importance. Here we use a 1993 survey of all 4,977 private medical and surgical hospitals in the United States to determine the scope of disease prevention, health enhancement, and palliative services provided by facility type, geographic location, and institutional ownership. We found that church-operated and other nonprofit hospitals appear to provide a spectrum of palliative and preventive health services both for their patients and those in the local community. Given their apparent scope, these services could have an effect on the burden of disease and on illness prevention in many communities. With major changes anticipated in future healthcare delivery and the recent failures reported for many community health intervention programs, healthcare administrators need to focus on ways to integrate their services with other private and public health efforts. If this could be achieved, then private hospitals could be more successful in serving their local communities and in enhancing the public's health in the new century. This article outlines several basic steps to assist administrators in achieving these goals. C1 Merck Medco, Franklin Lakes, NJ 07417 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boscarino, JA (reprint author), Merck Medco, Franklin Lakes, NJ 07417 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH-19105] NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER COLL HEALTHCARE EXEC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PRESS PI CHICAGO PA ONE NORTH FRANKLIN ST SUITE 1700, CHICAGO, IL 60606 USA SN 1096-9012 J9 J HEALTHC MANAG JI J. Healthc. Manag. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 45 IS 2 BP 119 EP 135 PG 17 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 292PP UT WOS:000085804500011 PM 11066956 ER PT J AU Benedict, MQ McNitt, LM Cornell, AJ Collins, FH AF Benedict, MQ McNitt, LM Cornell, AJ Collins, FH TI Mosaic: A position-effect variegation eye-color mutant in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID POLYTENE CHROMOSOMES; MALARIA VECTOR; GENETIC-MAP; DROSOPHILA AB The Mosaic (Mos) mutation, isolated in the F-1 of Co-60-irradiated mosquitoes, confers variegated eye color to third and fourth instar larvae, pupae, and adults of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, Mos is recessive in wild pink eye (p(+)) individuals, but is dominant and confers areas of wild-type pigment in mutant pink eye backgrounds. Mos is located 14.4 cM from pink eye on the X chromosome and is associated with a duplication of division 2B euchromatin that has been inserted into division 6 heterochromatin, Various combinations of Mos, pink eye alleles, and the autosomal mutation red eye were produced. In all cases, the darker pigmented regions of the eye in Mos individuals show the phenotypic interactions expected if the phenotype of those regions is due to expression of a p(+) allele, Expression of Mos is suppressed by rearing larvae at 32 degrees C relative to 22 degrees C, All of these characteristics are consistent with Mos being a duplicated wild copy of the pink eye gene undergoing position-effect variegation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Benedict, MQ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F-22,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 91 IS 2 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1093/jhered/91.2.128 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 290LG UT WOS:000085677300007 PM 10768126 ER PT J AU Lehmann, T Blackston, CR Besansky, NJ Escalante, AA Collins, FH Hawley, WA AF Lehmann, T Blackston, CR Besansky, NJ Escalante, AA Collins, FH Hawley, WA TI The Rift Valley complex as a barrier to gene flow for Anopheles gambiae in Kenya: The mtDNA perspective SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID MICROSATELLITE ALLELE FREQUENCIES; WESTERN KENYA; DNA-SEQUENCE; DIFFERENTIATION; POPULATIONS; AFRICA; LOCI; CONSTRAINTS; SUBDIVISION; ARABIENSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Clin Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Lehmann, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Hwy, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 91 IS 2 BP 165 EP 168 DI 10.1093/jhered/91.2.165 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 290LG UT WOS:000085677300016 PM 10768135 ER PT J AU Simonsen, L Fukuda, K Schonberger, LB Cox, NJ AF Simonsen, L Fukuda, K Schonberger, LB Cox, NJ TI The impact of influenza epidemics on hospitalizations SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; DISEASE HOSPITALIZATIONS; MORTALITY; PNEUMONIA AB The traditional method for assessing the severity of influenza seasons is to estimate the associated increase (i.e., excess) in pneumonia and influenza (P&I) mortality. In this study, excess P&I hospitalizations were estimated from National Hospital Discharge Survey Data from 26 influenza seasons (1970-1995); The average seasonal rate of excess P&I hospitalization was 49 (range, 8-102)/100,000 persons, but average rates were twice as high during A(H3N2) influenza seasons as during A(H1N1)/B seasons. Persons aged <65 years had 57% of all influenza-related hospitalizations; however, the average seasonal risk for influenza-related P&I hospitalizations was much higher in the elderly than in persons aged <65 years. The 26 pairs of excess P&I hospitalization and mortality rates were linearly correlated. During the A(H3N2) influenza seasons after the 1968 pandemic, excess P&I hospitalizations declined among persons aged <65 years but not among the elderly. This suggests that influenza-related hospitalizations will increase disproportionately among younger persons in future pandemics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fukuda, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop A-32,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Simonsen, Lone/0000-0003-1535-8526 NR 20 TC 295 Z9 313 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 181 IS 3 BP 831 EP 837 DI 10.1086/315320 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 302BE UT WOS:000086344400003 PM 10720501 ER PT J AU Standaert, SM Yu, T Scott, MA Childs, JE Paddock, CD Nicholson, WL Singleton, J Blaser, MJ AF Standaert, SM Yu, T Scott, MA Childs, JE Paddock, CD Nicholson, WL Singleton, J Blaser, MJ TI Primary isolation of Ehrlichia chaffeensis from patients with febrile illnesses: Clinical and molecular characteristics SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY NOV 12-15, 1998 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; MONOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII; PROTEIN; MANIFESTATIONS; STRAINS; CELLS AB Ehrlichia chaffeensis was sought among patients with a history of tick exposure and fever, and the accuracy of other diagnostic tests was compared with that of primary isolation. Among the 38 patients enrolled, E. chaffeensis was isolated from the blood of 7 (18%) and from cerebrospinal fluid specimens of 2 of these 7. All 7 patients also were positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood, and 6 patients developed diagnostic titers of antibody to E. chaffeensis. The isolates were characterized by molecular analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, the 120-kDa protein gene, and the variable-length PCR target (VLPT) of E. chaffeensis. On the basis of the 120-kDa and VLPT genotypes, the cerebrospinal fluid and blood isolates from the same patients were identical. This study demonstrates that both PCR and culture of blood for E. chaffeensis have high diagnostic yields. More frequent isolation of E. chaffeensis from patients with infection should further our understanding of the pathogenesis of this infection. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Standaert, SM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, A-3310 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 FU PHS HHS [T32-107474] NR 28 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 181 IS 3 BP 1082 EP 1088 DI 10.1086/315346 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 302BE UT WOS:000086344400036 PM 10720534 ER PT J AU Vernacchio, L Romero-Steiner, S Martinez, JE MacDonald, K Barnard, S Pilishvili, T Carlone, GM Ambrosino, DM Molrine, DC AF Vernacchio, L Romero-Steiner, S Martinez, JE MacDonald, K Barnard, S Pilishvili, T Carlone, GM Ambrosino, DM Molrine, DC TI Comparison of an opsonophagocytic assay and IgG ELISA to assess responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children and young adults with sickle cell disease SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference for the Pneumoccal Vaccines CY OCT, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; INFANTS; IMMUNOGENICITY; ANTIBODIES; 6B AB Children with sickle cell disease were immunized with either 2 doses of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine followed by 1 dose of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine or a single dose of 23-valent vaccine. Functional antibodies to 7 vaccine serotypes were measured by a flow cytometric opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) and compared with IgG anticapsular polysaccharide antibody concentrations measured by ELISA, Moderate correlations were found between OPA and ELISA antibody titers for all 7 serotypes (r values, 0.41-0.70; P<.001 for all serotypes). After immunization with 23-valent vaccine, geometric mean antibody titers by OPA were significantly higher in the combined schedule group for 5 of 7 vaccine serotypes but were significantly higher for only 2 of 7 serotypes as measured by ELISA, The ability of OPA to show a greater differential response to the 2 immunization schedules used in this study suggests that it may be useful in the evaluation of immunization regimens involving pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Pediat Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Molrine, DC (reprint author), Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Pediat Oncol, 44 Binney St,D820, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI Vernacchio, Louis/0000-0002-2012-5404; Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 FU NICHD NIH HHS [5T32HD0748802] NR 15 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 181 IS 3 BP 1162 EP 1166 DI 10.1086/315307 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 302BE UT WOS:000086344400049 PM 10720547 ER PT J AU Vohra, K Bellisario, R Mei, JV Pass, K Hannon, H AF Vohra, K Bellisario, R Mei, JV Pass, K Hannon, H TI ZDV levels (NG/ML) in HIV positive women and their newborns (NB) by collection of dried blood spots (DBSs). SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Interfaith Med Ctr, Dept Neonatol, Brooklyn, NY USA. Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 48 IS 2 MA 208 BP 220A EP 220A PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 302CE UT WOS:000086346700221 ER PT J AU Donham, KJ Cumro, D Reynolds, SJ Merchant, JA AF Donham, KJ Cumro, D Reynolds, SJ Merchant, JA TI Dose-response relationships between occupational aerosol exposures and cross-shift declines of lung function in poultry workers: Recommendations for exposure limits SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SWINE CONFINEMENT BUILDINGS; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES; SLAUGHTERHOUSE WORKERS; FARM-WORKERS; ORGANIC DUST; COTTON DUST; HEALTH; ENDOTOXIN AB Numerous articles have been published regarding the adverse respiratory health consequences of working in intensive livestock and poultry housing. Threshold limit exposure guidelines are not currently applied to this environment, but they are essential to implement and monitor effective environmental controls. Previous dose-response research work with swine workers has resulted in exposure limit recommendations of 2.5 mg/m(3) total dust, 0.23 mg/m(3) respirable dust, 100 EU/m(3) endotoxin, and 7 ppm ammonia. No similar recommendations have been reported previously for poultry workers. Therefore, an industry-wide study was conducted to examine dose-response relationships of bioaerosol exposures and worker respiratory health. A total of 257 poultry workers were studied for respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and exposure to dust (total and respirable), endotoxin (respirable and total), and ammonia. Details of the sampling plan and environmental assessment are described elsewhere. Relationships between exposures and response were studied by correlation and multiple regressions. Significant dose-response relationships were observed between exposures and pulmonary function decrements over a work shift. Exposure concentrations associated with significant pulmonary function decrements were as follows: 2.4 mg/m(3) total dust, 0.16 mg/m(3) respirable dust, 614 EU/m(3) endotoxin, and 12 ppm ammonia. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Prevent Med & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Inst Rural & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Donham, KJ (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Prevent Med & Environm Hlth, 100 Oakdale Campus 124 IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 36 TC 143 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 42 IS 3 BP 260 EP 269 DI 10.1097/00043764-200003000-00006 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 295PV UT WOS:000085977800006 PM 10738705 ER PT J AU Direskeneli, H Eksioglu-Demiralp, E Yavuz, S Ergun, T Shinnick, T Lehner, T Akoglu, T AF Direskeneli, H Eksioglu-Demiralp, E Yavuz, S Ergun, T Shinnick, T Lehner, T Akoglu, T TI T cell responses to 60/65 kDa heat shock protein derived peptides in Turkish patients with Behcet's disease SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Behcet's disease; heat shock proteins; cellular immunity ID IMMUNOHISTOLOGY; MYCOBACTERIAL; RECOGNITION; INDUCTION; EPITOPE; HSP AB Objective. Sequence homology and cross reactivity between microbial and human heal shuck proteins (HSP) led to the concept that HSP might be involved in the etiopathogenesis of Behcet's disease (BD). We investigated T cell responses to 8 synthetic peptides derived from the mycobacterial 65 kDa and homologous human 60 kDa HSP in patients with BD. Methods, T cell proliferative responses to synthetic peptides were studied in 49 patients with BD and 46 disease (DC) and 34 healthy controls (HC) with H-3-thymidine uptake test. Results, Positive T cell responses to one or more of the mycobacterial peptides were observed in 52% (12/23) of patients with BD compared with 17% (3/18) of DC (p = 0.02) and to homologous human peptides in 57% (13/23) of BD and 11% (2/18) of DC (p < 0.01). Responses to the mixtures of 4 mycobacterial peptides were also significantly higher in BD compared with controls (stimulation index in BD 4.7 +/- 3.5 vs DC 2.0 +/- 1.7, HC 16 +/- 0.4: BD vs DC and HC, p < 0.001). Similar elevated responses es to the mixture of 4 human peptides was also observed in patients with BD (BL) 3.4 +/- 2.3: DC 1.9 +/- 0.8; HC 1.4 +/- 0.6, BD vs DC, p < 0.01; BD vs HC, p < 0.001). Conclusion. These results suggest that cellular immunity against the 65 kDa mycobacterial and 60 kDa human HSP derived peptides is significantly increased in Turkish patients with RD compared to controls, as observed in the UK and Japan. C1 Marmara Univ, Fac Med, Div Rheumatol, Istanbul, Turkey. Marmara Univ, Fac Med, Div Hematol Immunol, Istanbul, Turkey. Marmara Univ, Fac Med, Div Dermatol, Istanbul, Turkey. Ctr Dis Control, Hansens Dis Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Guys Kings & St Thomas Sch Med, Dept Immunobiol, London, England. RP Direskeneli, H (reprint author), Resit Pasa Sok,36-6 Kiziltoprak, Istanbul, Turkey. NR 23 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 27 IS 3 BP 708 EP 713 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 290WG UT WOS:000085700400027 PM 10743813 ER PT J AU Campagnolo, ER Warwick, MC Marx, HL Cowart, RP Donnell, HD Bajani, MD Bragg, SL Esteban, JE Alt, DP Tappero, JW Bolin, CA Ashford, DA AF Campagnolo, ER Warwick, MC Marx, HL Cowart, RP Donnell, HD Bajani, MD Bragg, SL Esteban, JE Alt, DP Tappero, JW Bolin, CA Ashford, DA TI Analysis of the 1998 outbreak of leptospirosis in Missouri in humans exposed to infected swine SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INTERROGANS SEROVAR POMONA; RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; CLASSIFICATION; KENNEWICKI; DIAGNOSIS; DNA AB Objective-To determine the extent of leptospirosis in persons exposed to infected swine, confirm the source of disease, define risk factors for infection, and identify means for preventing additional infections during an outbreak in Missouri in 1998. Design-Cross-sectional study. Sample Population-240 people and 1,700 pigs. Procedure-An epidemiologic investigation was conducted of people exposed to infected pigs from the University of Missouri-Columbia swine herd. The investigation included review of health of the pigs, a cross-sectional study of the people handling the pigs, serologic testing of human and porcine sera, and risk-factor analysis for leptospirosis within the human population. Results-Serologic testing of samples collected at the time of the investigation indicated that 59% of the pigs had titers to leptospires, denoting exposure. Of the 240 people in the exposed study population, 163 (68%) were interviewed, and of these, 110 (67%) submitted a blood sample. Nine (8%) cases of leptospirosis were confirmed by serologic testing. Risk factors associated with leptospirosis included smoking (odds ratio [OR], 14.4; 95% confidence interval [Cl],1.39 to 137.74) and drinking beverages (OR, 5.1; 95% Cl, 1.04 to 24.30) while working with infected pigs. Washing hands after work was protective (OR, 0.2; 95% Cl, 0.03 to 0.81). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Leptospirosis is a risk for swine producers and slaughterhouse workers, and may be prevented through appropriate hygiene, sanitation, and animal husbandry. It is essential to educate people working with animals or animal tissues about measures for reducing the risk of exposure to zoonotic pathogens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Hlth, Sect Communicable Dis Control & Vet Publ Hlth, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. Off Epidemiol, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Food Anim Med, Coll Vet Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Campagnolo, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 216 IS 5 BP 676 EP 682 DI 10.2460/javma.2000.216.676 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 290AL UT WOS:000085654100020 PM 10707682 ER PT J AU Lyerla, R Rigau-Perez, JG Vorndam, AV Reiter, P George, AM Potter, IM Gubler, DJ AF Lyerla, R Rigau-Perez, JG Vorndam, AV Reiter, P George, AM Potter, IM Gubler, DJ TI A dengue outbreak among camp participants in a Caribbean Island, 1995 SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VIRUSES; ANTIBODIES; MOSQUITOS AB Background: Dengue, a mosquito-transmitted viral disease, is a risk for visitors in tropical and subtropical areas. Several participants in a community-assistance program in Tortola, British Virgin Islands, in August, 1995, reported dengue-like symptoms either before or soon after leaving the island. Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the extent of the outbreak, risk factors for illness, and the proportion of inapparent infections. Program participants were interviewed by telephone or mail, and asked to submit a serum sample for dengue diagnosis. A clinically-diagnosed case of dengue was defined as a person with fever and two or more of the following: headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, or hemorrhagic manifestations. Serum specimens were tested for virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), plaque-reduction neutralization (PRNT) or anti-dengue IgM and IgG antibody. Results:Thirty-two (97%) of the 33 program participants responded; 21 of the 32 (66%) provided at least one serum sample for study. The median age was 17 years; 20 (62%) were women. Of 32 respondents, 22 (69%) met the clinical case definition for dengue: 15 of them (68%) had a positive IgM antibody response and 7 did not submit a serum sample. Dengue 1 virus (DEN-1) was identified by PCR in one case and all 11 positive PRNT results. No asymptomatic infections were identified. No respondent used effective mosquito repellent, and only 2 (6%) used bednets. Conclusions: A DEN-1 outbreak with a high attack rate (69%) occurred in a group of young short-term community aid workers. There were no asymptomatic infections documented. Participants' rare use of bednets or effective mosquito repellent highlights the importance of providing travelers to tropical areas with information about dengue fever and the recommended precautions to protect against infection. C1 US Dept HHS, US PHS,CDC,Hepatit Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. US Dept HHS, Dengue Branch, CDC,US PHS, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. Dept Hlth, Environm Hlth Div, Road Town, Tortola, England. US Dept HHS, Dengue Branch, CDC,Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Rigau-Perez, JG (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Dengue Branch, CDC,US PHS, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 2 Calle Casia, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 7 IS 2 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 414UE UT WOS:000167683900002 PM 10759570 ER PT J AU Matte, TD Jacobs, DE AF Matte, TD Jacobs, DE TI Housing and health - Current issues and implications for research and programs SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE housing; environmental exposures; public health; social factors ID BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; ABATEMENT; EXPOSURE; DUST; HOMELESS; PAINT; FUNGI; SOIL AB This article provides an overview of the ways in which the home environment can affect human health, describes how specific health hazards in housing are related, and considers implications of these concerns for research and programs to address the health-housing connection. The widespread availability of decent housing has contributed greatly to improvements in health status in developed countries through, for example, provision of safe drinking water, proper sewage disposal, and protection from the elements. However, a lack of decent housing and homelessness among a significant number of Americans remains a significant public health concern. In addition, a number of specific health hazards can be found even in housing that is in good condition and provides all basic amenities. Specific health hazards related to housing include unintentional injuries, exposure to lead, exposure to allergens that may cause or worsen asthma, moisture and fungi (mold), rodent and insect pests, pesticide residues, and indoor air pollution. A number of these specific hazards share underlying causes, such as excess moisture, and all may be influenced by factors in the community environment or by occupant behaviors. We make recommendations for developing programs and research efforts that address multiple housing problems in an integrated way, rather than categorically, and for closer collaboration between housing and public health programs. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. US Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Off Lead Hazard Control, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Matte, TD (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 82 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD MAR PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 7 EP 25 DI 10.1007/BF02350959 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 287KM UT WOS:000085505100001 PM 10741839 ER PT J AU Irizarry-Rovira, AR Kaufman, L Christian, JA Reberg, SR Adams, SB DeNicola, DB Rivers, W Hawkins, JF AF Irizarry-Rovira, AR Kaufman, L Christian, JA Reberg, SR Adams, SB DeNicola, DB Rivers, W Hawkins, JF TI Diagnosis of sporotrichosis in a donkey using direct fluorescein-labeled antibody testing SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY SPOROTRICHOSIS; FELINE SPOROTRICHOSIS; SPOROTHRIX-SCHENCKII AB A 4-year-old female donkey residing in an open field in Indiana was admitted for evaluation of facial lesions of 2 years duration. Cytologic and histologic examination of exudate and tissue from the lesions revealed a pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction with numerous yeasts. Sporothrix schenckii was suspected to be the infectious agent; however, multiple culture attempts did not provide positive identification of the organism. Serologic examination supported infection with S. schenckii. A specific direct immunofluorescent antibody test performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections confirmed the organism as S, schenckii. Clinical signs resolved after appropriate iodide therapy. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Irizarry-Rovira, AR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2 BP 180 EP 183 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 297YH UT WOS:000086110300018 PM 10730954 ER PT J AU Morris, MC Scherr, PA Hebert, LE Bennett, DA Wilson, RS Glynn, RJ Evans, DA AF Morris, MC Scherr, PA Hebert, LE Bennett, DA Wilson, RS Glynn, RJ Evans, DA TI The cross-sectional association between blood pressure and Alzheimer's disease in a biracial community population of older persons SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COGNITIVE FUNCTION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; VASCULAR DEMENTIA; GLUCOSE-LEVELS; HYPERTENSION; PERFORMANCE; HYPERINTENSITIES; CONSORTIUM; ESTABLISH; REGISTRY AB Background. The relation of blood pressure ra Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complex because both an association of high blood pressure with increased risk of the disease and lower blood pressure as a consequence of the disease are possible. Methods. We examined the cross-sectional association of blood pressure and AD in the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), a study of a geographically defined, biracial community. After in-home interviews with 6, 162 residents greater than or equal to 65 years, a stratified random sample of 729 participants was clinically evaluated; 709 had blood pressures measured, and 243 were diagnosed with AD. Results. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education. and race there was no association between blued pressure measured as a continuous variable and Alzheimer's disease. In categorical analyses, however, prevalence of Alzheimer's disease was significantly higher among persons with low systolic pressure (<130 mmHg) compared with the referent group of 130-139 mmHg (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2,4.1), and with low diastolic pressure (<70 mmHg) compared to the referent of 70-79 mmHg (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1,3.1). High systolic and diastolic categories were not statistically different from the referent group, although there was sonic evidence that the associations differed by race. The odds ratios changed little with further adjustment for apolipoprotein E genotype. antihypertensive medications, body mass, stroke, diabetes, and heart disease. Conclusion. These findings are consistent with previous studies showing associations between low blood pressure and AD, bur longitudinal studies are needed to characterize cause-and-effect associations. C1 Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Morris, MC (reprint author), Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, 1645 W Jackson,Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-10161, AG-11101] NR 39 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 55 IS 3 BP M130 EP M136 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 331XR UT WOS:000088044400012 PM 10795724 ER PT J AU Cathcart, P Steindel, SJ AF Cathcart, P Steindel, SJ TI The good old days are now SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PATHOLOGISTS Q-PROBES; OF-AMERICAN-PATHOLOGISTS; QUALITY-CONTROL; COLLEGE; LABORATORIES; PROGRAM; TIME C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cathcart, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 131 EP 133 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 288MU UT WOS:000085567500009 ER PT J AU Bruce, FC Fiscella, K Kendrick, JS AF Bruce, FC Fiscella, K Kendrick, JS TI Vaginal douching and preterm birth: an intriguing hypothesis SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; GENITAL-TRACT INFECTIONS; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; RISK FACTOR; HISTOLOGIC CHORIOAMNIONITIS; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; PREMATURE BIRTH; WOMEN; DELIVERY; METRONIDAZOLE AB The rate of preterm birth has risen in recent years and is twice as high among black women as among white women. Neither the underlying causes nor the reasons for the racial disparity are clearly understood. Further, preventable risk factors have not been identified. We hypothesize that vaginal douching plays a key role in the risk of infection-related spontaneous preterm birth. Vaginal douching is a common behavior, twice as prevalent among black women as among white women. Douching may be an important mechanism by which vaginal pathogens gain access to the upper genital tract. Douching increases the risk of acquiring bacterial vaginosis. It may also facilitate the ascent of microorganisms into the upper genital tract, resulting in a chronic bacterial colonization inside the uterus. During pregnancy, the host inflammatory response is initiated, which stimulates preterm labor and birth. Douching, a potentially preventable risk factor, may explain a substantial proportion of the black-white disparity in preterm birth. (C) 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Family Med, Rochester, NY USA. RP Bruce, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PD MAR PY 2000 VL 54 IS 3 BP 448 EP 452 DI 10.1054/mehy.1999.0875 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 304UG UT WOS:000086502100024 PM 10783486 ER PT J AU Moore, JM Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Moore, JM Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V TI Immunologic memory in the placenta: a lymphocyte recirculation hypothesis SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; HUMAN-PREGNANCY; PREECLAMPSIA; MALARIA; CELLS; RISK; INFECTION AB The placenta is an immunologically unique organ where a balance between maternal immunity and fetoplacental well-being must be maintained for successful pregnancy to occur. The intervillous blood is important in this context, yet little is known about local immunologic processes, particularly how placenta-specific memory immune responses are maintained. Using malaria as an illustrative case, we describe an hypothetical model in which recirculation of memory T lymphocytes from the intervillous blood to local lymphoid tissue facilitates maintenance of local memory immunity. This explains how memory cells might be retained when the placenta is expelled at parturition and thus remain available for rapid recall from the local lymphoid tissue to the intervillous space when exposure to the same antigenic stimulus occurs in subsequent pregnancies. Study of cell-mediated immunity to infections like malaria in the intervillous blood and the use of animal models will be necessary to provide proof for this hypothesis. (C) 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PD MAR PY 2000 VL 54 IS 3 BP 505 EP 510 DI 10.1054/mehy.1999.0888 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 304UG UT WOS:000086502100037 PM 10783499 ER PT J AU Angulo, FJ Johnson, KR Tauxe, RV Cohen, ML AF Angulo, FJ Johnson, KR Tauxe, RV Cohen, ML TI Origins and consequences of antimicrobial-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella: Implications for the use of fluoroquinolones in food animals SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE-MECHANISMS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ENTERITIDIS; INFECTION; TYPHIMURIUM; CALIFORNIA; OUTBREAKS; EPIDEMIC AB Human Salmonella infections are common; most infections are self-limiting, however severe disease may occur. Antimicrobial agents, while not essential for the treatment of Salmonella gastroenteritis, are essential for the treatment of thousands of patients each year with invasive infections, Fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins are the drugs-of-choice for invasive Salmonella infections in humans; alternative antimicrobial choices are limited by increasing antimicrobial resistance, limited efficacy, and less desirable pharmacodynamic properties. Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella results from the use of antimicrobial agents in food animals, and these antimicrobial resistant Salmonella are subsequently transmitted to humans, usually through the food supply. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates collected from persons with Salmonella infections show more resistance to antimicrobial agents used in agriculture than to antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of Salmonella infections in humans. Because of the adverse health consequences in humans and animals associated with the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, there is an urgent need to emphasize non-antimicrobial infection control strategies, such as improved sanitation and hygiene, to develop guidelines for the prudent usage of antimicrobial agents, and establishment of adequate public health safeguards to minimize the development and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and dissemination of Salmonella resistant to these agents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Med Residency, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 45 TC 185 Z9 194 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist.-Mechan. Epidemiol. Dis. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 6 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1089/mdr.2000.6.77 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 342WV UT WOS:000088669400010 PM 10868811 ER PT J AU Segada, LM Carlone, GM Gheesling, LL Lesse, AJ AF Segada, LM Carlone, GM Gheesling, LL Lesse, AJ TI Characterization of P1-deficient isogenic mutant of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius associated with Brazilian purpuric fever SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus influenzae; bacterial outer membrane protein; site-directed mutagenesis; phenotype ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; FADL GENE-PRODUCT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; INFANT RATS; STRAINS AB Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (formerly H. aegyptius) is the etiologic agent of Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF). A surface-exposed epitope on the outer membrane protein P1 is present on most strains of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius associated with BPF but is absent in almost all non-disease associated strains. The role of the outer membrane protein P1 in the pathogenesis of this disease was evaluated by utilizing an isogenic P1-deficient mutant. We compared the ability of the wild type and P1 isogenic mutant to grow under various conditions. The P1-deficient strain grew at a similar rate to the wild type in both complex and chemically defined medium. The P1-deficient mutant also had a similar growth rate to the wild type under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic growth, however, resulted in up-regulation of the P1 protein in the wild type strain. Three assays were used to examine the pathophysiologic role of the P1 protein in BPF: 1) serum resistance; 2) sustained bacteremia in the infant rat model; and 3) the human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC) cytotoxicity assay. Both the mutant and wild-type strains were resistant to killing in 95% normal human serum. The P1-deficient strain was also as virulent as the wild type in both the infant rat model of bacteremia and in the HMEC-1 tissue culture model. These results demonstrate that serum resistance, sustained bacteremia in the infant rat, and cytotoxicity of HMEC cells occur in the absence of P1. The P1 protein is not essential for the pathogenic potential identified by these assays. However, these results demonstrate that an anaerobic environment is a potent physiologic regulator of P1 protein expression. The impact of anaerobiosis on protein expression and pathogenesis will require further investigations. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Microbiol, Buffalo, NY 14215 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Med & Pharmacol & Toxicol, Buffalo, NY 14215 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Western New York Healthcare Syst, Buffalo, NY 14215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lesse, AJ (reprint author), 151 VAMC, Div Infect Dis, 3495 Bailey Ave, Buffalo, NY 14215 USA. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1006/mpat.1999.0334 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 297GK UT WOS:000086073800003 PM 10702356 ER PT J AU Dobbins, JG Belay, ED Malecki, J Buck, BE Bell, M Cobb, J Schonberger, LB AF Dobbins, JG Belay, ED Malecki, J Buck, BE Bell, M Cobb, J Schonberger, LB TI Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a recipient of a dura mater graft processed in the US: Cause or coincidence? SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; epidemiology; dura mater AB latrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has never been reported among recipients of dura mater grafts processed in the US, We recently investigated a report of such a case in a 72-year-old man with a typical clinical presentation of CJD, We found no evidence of CJD in either the 34-year-old donor or in other, proximal patients undergoing craniotomies, Although the graft may have caused the illness, sporadic CJD is a more likely explanation, with the graft being coincidental. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Palm Beach Cty Dept Hlth, W Palm Beach, FL USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, Miami, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Belay, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2 BP 62 EP 66 DI 10.1159/000026240 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 288RQ UT WOS:000085577400002 PM 10686530 ER PT J AU Chambers, E McGuire, B Godwin, S McDowell, M Vecchio, F AF Chambers, E McGuire, B Godwin, S McDowell, M Vecchio, F TI Quantifying portion sizes for selected snack foods and beverages in 24-hour dietary recalls SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE snacks; beverages; 24-hour recall; measurement aids; recall error; NHANES ID ACCURACY AB The purpose of this study was to determine individual recall accuracy for selected snack foods and beverages using various measurement aids and to investigate the cognitive strategies associated with aid selection for snacks and beverages in a 24-hour recall. Individuals (n=202) estimated the amounts of snack foods and beverages consumed the previous day while watching a 30-minute videotaped television program. Individuals were provided ad libitum amounts of snacks (potato chips, tortilla chips, or popcorn alone or with salsa or mixed nuts) in various sizes bags and or bowls. Beverages were provided with snacks in either standard 20 oz bottles or 8, 10, or 16 oz glasses. During consumption estimation, a variety of aids including aids used in previous National Health and Nutrition Examination Studies (NHANES) were provided. Average recall errors, by weight, for each of the 10 snack/container groups were within 16 g with percentage recall errors for these groups ranging from -36.8 to +38.7%. Bowls were selected to estimate consumption at least eight times more than any other aid and provided an accurate average recall estimation. Beverage consumption was consistently overestimated. Respondent confidence in estimation accuracy did not correlate with actual error for either snacks or beverages. Results suggest that average recall errors for groups consuming snacks are likely to be within one-half of a standard portion size and that bowls provide a means by which individuals can accurately estimate snack consumption in a 24-hour recall. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Kansas State Univ, Sensory Anal Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Tennessee State Univ, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Tennessee State Univ, Cooperat Agr Res Program, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Chambers, E (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Sensory Anal Ctr, Justin Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 3 BP 315 EP 326 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00125-1 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 295UW UT WOS:000085987100001 ER PT J AU Valdez, R AF Valdez, R TI Epidemiology SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ILSI North America Workshop on Contributing Factors to Insulin Resistance CY DEC 09-10, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; SYNDROME-X; RISK FACTOR; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HYPERINSULINEMIA; HYPERTENSION; POPULATION; OBESITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Valdez, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 58 IS 3 BP S4 EP S6 PN 2 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 307FZ UT WOS:000086643900003 PM 10812926 ER PT J AU Arroyo, P Loria, A Fernandez, V Flegal, KM Kuri-Morales, P Olaiz, G Tapia-Conyer, R AF Arroyo, P Loria, A Fernandez, V Flegal, KM Kuri-Morales, P Olaiz, G Tapia-Conyer, R TI Prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity in urban adult Mexicans in comparison with other large surveys SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE prevalence; pre-obesity; obesity; national survey; Mexico; Mexican Americans ID OVERWEIGHT; EPIDEMIC; TRENDS AB Objective: 1. To estimate the prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity in a 1992 to 1993 national survey of the Mexican urban adult population. 2. To compare our findings with other national surveys and with data for Mexican Americans. Research Methods and Procedures: The national representative sample of the Mexican urban adult population included 8462 women and 5929 men aged 20 to 69 years from 417 towns of >2500 people. Body mass index (BMI), calculated from measured weight and height, was classified using the World Health Organization categories of underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2)), normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2)), pre-obesity (PreOB = BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m(2)) and obesity (OB = BMI 30+ kg/m(2)). Estimates for Mexican Americans were calculated from U.S. survey data. Results: Overall, 38% of the Mexican urban adult population were classified as pre-obese and 21% as obese. Men had a higher prevalence of pre-obesity than women did at all ages, but women had higher values of obesity. Both pre-obesity and obesity increased with age up to the age range brackets of 40 to 49 or 50 to 59 years for both men and women. Both pre-obesity and obesity prevalence estimates were remarkably similar to data for Mexican Americans from 1982 through 1984. Comparison with other large surveys showed that countries differed more in the prevalence of obesity than of pre-obesity, leading to differences in the PreOB/OB ratio, and that countries also differed in the gender ratio (female/male) for both pre-obesity and obesity. Discussion: Pre-obesity and obesity were high in our population and increased with age. Our approach of characterizing large surveys by PreOB/OB and gender ratios appeared promising. C1 Mexican Hlth Fdn, Hyattsville, MD USA. Natl Inst Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Hyattsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Arroyo, P (reprint author), Perifer Sur 4809 Arenal Tepepan, Mexico City 14610, DF, Mexico. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X; Loria, Alvar/0000-0002-4435-5319 NR 19 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 8 IS 2 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1038/oby.2000.19 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 320LW UT WOS:000087403500007 PM 10757204 ER PT J AU Factor, SH Whitney, CG Zywicki, SS Schuchat, A AF Factor, SH Whitney, CG Zywicki, SS Schuchat, A CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Effects of hospital policies based on 1996 group B streptococcal disease consensus guidelines SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; PREVENTION AB Objective: To determine whether the 1996 consensus guidelines for prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal disease developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ACOG, and the American Academy of Pediatrics are affecting obstetric practice and disease occurrence. Methods: Personnel in hospitals with obstetric services in seven surveillance areas completed surveys about their programs, patient populations, and group B streptococcal disease prevention policies. Survey results were linked to group B streptococcal disease cases identified by active surveillance in 1996 and 1997. An early onset case was defined as a case in which group B streptococci were isolated from a sterile site in the 1st 6 days of life. The number of eases in 1996 and 1997 were compared using a paired t test. Linear regression was used to assess hospital characteristics associated with group B streptococcal disease cases. Results: Of 177 hospitals, 165 (93%) responded, and 96 (58%) of those had group B streptococcal disease prevention policies. Hospitals that established or revised their policies in 1996 had a lower mean: number of cases in 1997 than in 1996 (0.58 versus 1.29, P = .006). Linear regression analysis, controlling for number of births, indicated that a hospital's having more black mothers and location in particular states were associated with more cases of disease. Citing the 1996 ACOG reference as the source for hospital group B streptococcal disease prevention policy was associated with fewer cases of group B streptococcal disease (P = .038). Conclusion: The publication and adoption of the guidelines were associated with decreasing occurrence of group B streptococcal disease. (Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:377-82.). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 95 IS 3 BP 377 EP 382 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00549-9 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 287QM UT WOS:000085517300013 PM 10711548 ER PT J AU Rein, DB Kassler, WJ Irwin, KL Rabiee, L AF Rein, DB Kassler, WJ Irwin, KL Rabiee, L TI Direct medical cost of pelvic inflammatory disease and its sequelae: Decreasing, but still substantial SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; PREVENTION AB Objective: To estimate direct medical costs and average lifetime cost per case of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Methods: We estimated the direct medical expenditures for PID and its three major sequelae (chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility) and determined the average lifetime cost of a case of PID and its sequelae. We analyzed 3 years of claims data of privately insured individuals to determine costs, and 3 years of national survey data to determine number of cases of PID, chronic pelvic pain, and ectopic pregnancy. We developed a probability model to determine the-average lifetime cost of a case of PID. Results: Direct medical expenditures for PID and its sequelae were estimated at $1.88 billion in 1998: $1.06 billion for PID, $166 million for chronic pelvic pain, $295 million for ectopic pregnancy, and $360 million for infertility associated with PID. The expected lifetime cost of a case of PID was $1167 in 1998 dollars. The majority of those costs ($843 per case) represent care for acute PID rather than diagnosis and treatment of sequelae. Approximately 73% of cases will not accrue costs beyond the treatment of acute PID. Conclusion: The direct medical cost of PID is still substantial. The majority of PID related costs are incurred in the treatment of acute PID. Because most PID-related costs arise in the first year from treatment of acute PID infection, strategies that prevent PID are likely to be cost-effective within a: single year. (Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:397-402, (C) 2000 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia State Univ, Georgia Inst Technol, Joint PhD Program Publ Policy, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Rein, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 95 IS 3 BP 397 EP 402 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00551-7 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 287QM UT WOS:000085517300016 PM 10711551 ER PT J AU Vargas, CM Macek, MD Marcus, SE AF Vargas, CM Macek, MD Marcus, SE TI Sociodemographic correlates of tooth pain among adults: United States, 1989 SO PAIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 125th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 09-13, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc, Natl Assoc Public Hlth Policy, APHA, Med Care Sect DE dental pain; NHIS; socioeconomic status; tooth pain; toothache ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; OROFACIAL PAIN; ORAL HEALTH; PREVALENCE AB This study presents the sociodemographic distribution of tooth pain and the dental care utilization of affected individuals. Data for adults 20 years of age and over were derived from the 1989 National Health Interview Survey's supplements on dental health, orofacial pain, and health insurance (n = 33 073). Prevalence of tooth pain by socioeconomic status (SES) and adjusted odds ratios of reporting tooth pain in the past 6 months and of having no dental visits in the past year among persons reporting pain in the previous 6 months were computed taking into account the survey's complex sample design. Tooth pain in the past 6 months was reported by 14.5% (95% CI 14.0, 15.0) of adults aged 20-64 years and by 7.0% (95% CI 6.1, 7.9) of those 65 years and over. In the younger age group, tooth pain was more likely to be reported by those with low SES than it was by those with high SES; in the older age group, tooth pain was more likely reported by non-Hispanic blacks than it was by non-Hispanic whites or Hispanics. Of those reporting pain, younger and older non-Hispanic blacks and persons with lower educational attainment were more likely not to have a dental visit in the previous 12 months. Persons with low SES characteristics were more likely to report tooth pain and to endure their pain without the benefit of dental care while the pain was present. Published for the International Association for the Study of Pain by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Hlth Care Delivery, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. RP Vargas, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 730, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 24 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3959 J9 PAIN JI Pain PD MAR PY 2000 VL 85 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00250-X PG 6 WC Anesthesiology; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Anesthesiology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 289ZY UT WOS:000085652900011 PM 10692606 ER PT J AU Singleton, R Morris, A Redding, G Poll, J Holck, P Martinez, P Kruse, D Bulkow, LR Petersen, KM Lewis, C AF Singleton, R Morris, A Redding, G Poll, J Holck, P Martinez, P Kruse, D Bulkow, LR Petersen, KM Lewis, C TI Bronchiectasis in Alaska Native children: Causes and clinical courses SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bronchiectasis; Alaska Natives; pneumonia; children; infants; respiratory syncytial virus ID LUNG AB Although bronchiectasis has become a rare condition in U.S. children, it is still commonly diagnosed in Alaska Native children in the Yukon Kuskokwim Delta. The prevalence of bronchiectasis has not decreased in persons born during the 1980s as compared with those born in the 1940s. We reviewed case histories of 46 children with bronchiectasis. We observed that recurrent pneumonia was the major preceding medical condition in 85% of patients. There was an association between the lobes affected by pneumonia and the lobes affected by bronchiectasis. Eight (17%) patients had surgical resection of involved robes. We conclude that the continued high prevalence of bronchiectasis appears to be related to extremely high rates of infant and childhood pneumonia. Pediatr Pulmonol, 2000;29:182-187, Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Alaska Native Hlth Board, Anchorage, AK USA. Yukon Kuskokwim Hlth Corp, Bethel, AK USA. Dartmouth Med Sch, Hanover, NH USA. RP Singleton, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 22 TC 129 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 8755-6863 J9 PEDIATR PULM JI Pediatr. Pulmonol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 29 IS 3 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0496(200003)29:3<182::AID-PPUL5>3.0.CO;2-T PG 6 WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA 288WC UT WOS:000085586600005 PM 10686038 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, PG Holl, JL Rodewald, LE Shone, LP Zwanziger, J Mukamel, DB Trafton, S Dick, AW Raubertas, RF AF Szilagyi, PG Holl, JL Rodewald, LE Shone, LP Zwanziger, J Mukamel, DB Trafton, S Dick, AW Raubertas, RF TI Evaluation of children's health insurance: From New York State's Child Health Plus to SCHIP SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE SCHIP; CHPlus; children; uninsured; underinsured; health insurance; asthma; utilization; quality of care ID UNITED-STATES; CARE; COVERAGE; SERVICES; ACCESS AB Background. The legislation and funding of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) in 1997 resulted in the largest public investment in child health care in 30 years. The program was designed to provide health insurance for the estimated 11 million uninsured children in the United States. In 1991 New York State implemented a state-funded program-Child Health Plus (CHPlus)-intended to provide health insurance for uninsured children who were ineligible for Medicaid. The program became one of the prototypes for SCHIP. This study was designed to measure the association between CHPlus and access to care, utilization of care, quality of care, and health care costs to understand the potential impact of one type of prototype SCHIP program. Methods. The study took place in the 6-county region of upstate New York around and including the city of Rochester. A before-and-during design was used to compare children's health care for the year before they enrolled in CHPlus versus the first year during enrollment in CHPlus. The study included 1828 children (ages 0-6.99 years at enrollment) who enrolled between November 1, 1991 and August 1, 1993. A substudy involved 187 children 2 to 12.99 years old who had asthma. Data collection involved: 1) interviews of parents to obtain information about demographics, sources of health care, experience and satisfaction with CHPlus, and perceived impact of CHPlus; 2) medical chart reviews at all primary care offices, emergency departments, and health department clinics in the 6-county region to measure utilization of health services; 3) claims analysis to assess costs of care during CHPlus and to impute costs before CHPlus; and 4) analyses of existing datasets including the Current Population Survey, National Health Interview Survey, and statewide hospitalization datasets to anchor the study in relation to the statewide CHPlus population and to assess secular trends in child health care. Logistic regression and Poisson regression were used to compare the means of dependent measures with and without CHPlus coverage, while controlling for age, prior insurance type, and gap in insurance coverage before CHPlus. Results. Enrollment: Only one third of CHPlus-eligible children throughout New York State had enrolled in the program by 1993. Lower enrollment rates occurred among Hispanic and black children than among white children, and among children from lowest income levels. Profile of CHPlus Enrollees: Most enrollees were either previously uninsured, had Medicaid but were no longer eligible, or had parents who either lost a job and related private insurance coverage or could no longer afford commercial or private insurance. Most families heard about CHPlus from a friend, physician, or insurer. Television, radio, and newspaper advertisements were not major sources of information. Nearly all families had at least 1 employed parent. Two thirds of the children resided in 2-parent households. Parents reported that most children were in excellent or good health and only a few were in poor health. The enrolled population was thus a relatively low-risk, generally healthy group of children in low-income, working families. Access and Utilization of Health Care: Utilization of primary care increased dramatically after enrollment in CHPlus, compared with before CHPlus. Visits to primary care medical homes for preventive, acute, and chronic care increased markedly. Visits to medical homes also increased for children with asthma. There was, however, no significant association between enrollment in CHPlus and changes in utilization of emergency departments, specialty services, or inpatient care. Quality of Care: CHPlus was associated with improvements in many measures involving quality of primary care, including preventive visits, immunization rates, use of the medical home for health care, compliance with preventive guidelines, and parent-reported health status of the child. For children with asthma, CHPlus was associated with improvements in several indicators of quality of care such as asthma tune-up visits, parental perception of asthma severity, and parent-reported quality of asthma care. Health Care Costs: Enrollment in CHPlus was associated with modest additional health care expenditures in the short term-$71.85 per child per year-primarily for preventive and acute care services delivered in primary care settings. Conclusions. Overall, children benefited substantially from enrollment in CHPlus. For a modest shortterm cost, children experienced improved access to primary care, which translated into improved utilization of primary care and use of medical homes. Children also received higher quality of health care, and parents perceived these improvements to be very important. Nevertheless, CHPlus was not associated with ideal quality of care, as evidenced by suboptimal immunization rates and receipt of preventive or asthma care even during CHPlus coverage. Thus, interventions beyond health insurance are needed to achieve optimal quality of health care. This study implemented methods to evaluate the association between enrollment in a health insurance program and children's health care. These methods may be useful for additional evaluations of SCHIP. Implications: Based on this study of the CHPlus experience, it appears that millions of uninsured children in the United States will benefit substantially from SCHIP programs. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biostat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Inst Hlth Serv Res & Policy Studies, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Szilagyi, PG (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Strong Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 632, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2000 VL 105 IS 3 SU S BP 687 EP 691 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 290MV UT WOS:000085680800001 PM 10699145 ER PT J AU Trafton, S Shone, LP Zwanziger, J Mukamel, DB Dick, AW Holl, JL Rodewald, LE Raubertas, RF Szilagyi, PG AF Trafton, S Shone, LP Zwanziger, J Mukamel, DB Dick, AW Holl, JL Rodewald, LE Raubertas, RF Szilagyi, PG TI Evolution of a children's health insurance program: Lessons from New York State's Child Health Plus SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE SCHIP; children; uninsured; underinsured; health insurance; health policy; legislation AB The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) was passed by Congress in 1997. It provides almost $40 billion in federal block grant funding through the year 2007 for states to expand health insurance for children. States have the option of expanding their Medicaid programs, creating separate insurance programs, or developing combination plans using both Medicaid and the private insurance option. New York State's child health insurance plan, known by its marketing name Child Health Plus, was created by the New York Legislature in 1990. New York's program, along with similar ones from several other states, served as models for the federal legislation, especially for state health insurance plans offered through private insurers. New York's program provides useful data for successful implementation of SCHIP. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biostat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Inst Hlth Serv Res & Policy Studies, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Trafton, S (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Strong Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2000 VL 105 IS 3 SU S BP 692 EP 696 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 290MV UT WOS:000085680800002 PM 10699146 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, PG Shone, LP Holl, JL Rodewald, LE Jennings, J Zwanziger, J Mukamel, DB Trafton, S Dick, AW Barth, R Raubertas, RF AF Szilagyi, PG Shone, LP Holl, JL Rodewald, LE Jennings, J Zwanziger, J Mukamel, DB Trafton, S Dick, AW Barth, R Raubertas, RF TI Evaluation of New York State's Child Health Plus: Methods SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Child Health Plus; uninsured; underinsured; health insurance; SCHIP; asthma; utilization; quality of care; health status ID UNINSURED CHILDREN; INSURANCE STATUS; UNITED-STATES; CARE; ACCESS; SATISFACTION; COVERAGE; SERVICES; FAMILIES AB Background. The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) is the largest public investment in child health care in 30 years, targeting 11 million uninsured children, yet little is known about the impact of health insurance on uninsured children. In 1991 New York State implemented Child Health Plus (CHPlus), a health insurance program that was a prototype for SCHIP. A study was designed to measure the association between CHPlus and access to care, utilization of services, and quality of care. Methods. The setting was a 6-county region in upstate New York (population 1 million) around and including the city of Rochester. A before-and-during design was used to compare children's health care for the year before they enrolled in CHPlus versus the first year during CHPlus, for 1828 children (ages 0-6.99 years at enrollment) who enrolled between November 1, 1991 and August 1, 1993. An additional study involved 187 children 2 to 12.99 years old who had asthma. Parents were interviewed to assess demographic characteristics, sources of health care, experience with CHPlus, and impact of CHPlus on their children's quality of care and health status. Medical charts were reviewed to measure utilization and quality of care, for 1730 children 0 to 6.99 years and 169 children who had asthma. Charts were reviewed at all primary care offices and at the 12 emergency departments and 6 public health department clinics in the region. CHPlus claims files were analyzed to determine costs during CHPlus and to impute costs before CHPlus from utilization data. Analyses. Logistic regression and Poisson regression were used to compare the means of dependent measures with and without CHPlus coverage, while controlling for age, prior insurance type, and gap in insurance coverage before CHPlus. Conclusions. This study developed and implemented methods to evaluate the association between enrollment in a health insurance program and children's health care. These methods may also be useful for evaluations of SCHIP. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biostat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Inst Hlth Serv Res & Policy Studies, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Szilagyi, PG (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Strong Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 632, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2000 VL 105 IS 3 SU S BP 697 EP 705 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 290MV UT WOS:000085680800003 PM 10699147 ER PT J AU Holl, JL Dick, AW Shone, LP Rodewald, LE Zwanziger, J Mukamel, DB Trafton, S Raubertas, RF Szilagyi, PG AF Holl, JL Dick, AW Shone, LP Rodewald, LE Zwanziger, J Mukamel, DB Trafton, S Raubertas, RF Szilagyi, PG TI A profile of the population enrolled in New York State's Child Health Plus SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE SCHIP; children; uninsured; underinsured; health insurance AB Background. The recently enacted State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), designed to provide affordable health insurance for uninsured children, was modeled in part on New York State's Child Health Plus (CHPlus), which was implemented in 1991. All SCHIP programs involve voluntary enrollment of eligible children. Little is known about characteristics of children who enroll in these programs. Objectives. To provide a profile of children enrolled in CHPlus between 1993 and 1994 in the 6-county upstate New York study area, and to estimate the participation rate in CHPlus. Methods. A parent interview was conducted to obtain information about children, 0 to 6.9 years old, who enrolled in CHPlus in the study area. Two school-based surveys and the Current Population Survey were used to estimate health insurance coverage. Enrollment data from New York State's Department of Health, together with estimates of the uninsured, were used to estimate participation rates in CHPlus. Results. Most children enrolled in CHPlus in the study area were white. Although 17% of all children in the study area who were <13 years old and living in families with incomes below 160% of the federal poverty level were black, only 9% of CHPlus-enrolled children were black. Twenty-one percent of enrolled children were uninsured during the entire year before enrollment and 61% of children had a gap in coverage lasting >1 month. Children were generally healthy; only 4% had fair or poor health. Eighty-eight percent of parents of enrolled children had completed high school or a higher level of education. Parents reported that loss of a job was the main reason for loss of prior health insurance for their child. Most families learned about CHPlus from a friend (30%) or from their doctor (26%). The uninsured rate among children in the study area was approximately 4.1%. By 1993, the participation rate in CHPlus was about 36%. Conclusion. Blacks were underrepresented in CHPlus. Because the underlying uninsured rate was relatively low and parental education and family income were relatively high, the effects of CHPlus observed in this evaluation may be conservative in comparison to the potential effects of CHPlus for other populations of children. Participation rates during the early years of the program were modest. C1 Northwestern Univ, Inst Hlth Serv Res & Policy Studies, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biostat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Holl, JL (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Inst Hlth Serv Res & Policy Studies, Wieboldt Hall,339 E Chicago Ave,Rm 717, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2000 VL 105 IS 3 SU S BP 706 EP 710 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 290MV UT WOS:000085680800004 PM 10699148 ER PT J AU Holl, JL Szilagyi, PG Rodewald, LE Shone, LP Zwanziger, J Mukamel, DB Trafton, S Dick, AW Barth, R Raubertas, RF AF Holl, JL Szilagyi, PG Rodewald, LE Shone, LP Zwanziger, J Mukamel, DB Trafton, S Dick, AW Barth, R Raubertas, RF TI Evaluation of New York State's Child Health Plus: Access, utilization, quality of health care, and health status SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children; SCHIP; underinsured; uninsured; health care utilization; access to care; quality of care; health status; health insurance ID UNITED-STATES; INSURANCE STATUS; EMERGENCY; ADOLESCENTS; SERVICES; PROFILE; IMPACT AB Background. The recently enacted State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) is modeled after New York State's Child Health Plus (CHPlus) program. Since 1991, CHPlus has provided health insurance to children 0 to 13 years old whose annual family income was below 222% of the federal poverty level and who were ineligible for Medicaid or did not have equivalent health insurance coverage. CHPlus covered the costs for ambulatory, emergency, and specialty care, and prescriptions, but not inpatient services. Objectives. To assess the change associated with CHPlus regarding 1) access to health care; 2) utilization of ambulatory, inpatient, and emergency services; 3) quality of health care; and 4) health status. Setting. Six western New York State counties (including the city of Rochester). Subjects. Children (0-6.99 years old) enrolled for at least 9 consecutive months in CHPlus. Methods. The design was a before-and-after study, comparing individual-level outcomes for the 12 months immediately before CHPlus enrollment and the 12 months immediately after enrollment in CHPlus. Parent telephone interviews and medical chart reviews conducted 12 months after enrollment to gather information. Subjects' primary care charts were located by using interview information; emergency department (ED) charts were identified by searching patient records at all 12 EDs serving children in the study; and health department charts were identified by searching patient records at the 6 county health department clinics. Logistic regression and Poisson regression were used to compare the means of dependent measures with and without CHPlus coverage, while controlling for age, prior insurance type, and gap in insurance coverage before CHPlus. Results. Complete data were obtained for 1730 children. Coverage by CHPlus was associated with a significant improvement in access to care as measured by the proportion of children reported as having a usual source of care (preventive care: +1.9% improvement during CHPlus and sick care: +2.7%). CHPlus was associated, among children 1 to 5 years old, with a significant increase in utilization of preventive care (+.23 visits/child/year) and sick care (+.91 visits/child/year) but no measurable change in utilization of specialty, emergency, or inpatient care. CHPlus was also associated, among children 1 to 5 years old, with significantly higher immunization rates (up-to-date for immunizations: 76% vs 71%), and screening rates for anemia (+11% increased proportion screened/year), lead (+9%), vision (+11%), and hearing (+7%). For 25% of the children, a parent reported that their child's health was improved as a result of having CHPlus. Conclusion. After enrollment in CHPlus, access to and utilization of primary care increased, continuity of care improved, and many quality of care measures were improved while utilization of emergency and specialty care did not change. Many parents reported improved health status of their child as a result of enrollment in CHPlus. Implication. This evaluation suggests that SCHIP programs are likely to improve access to, quality of, and participation in primary care significantly and may not be associated with significant changes in specialty or emergency care. C1 Northwestern Univ, Inst Hlth Serv Res & Policy Studies, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biostat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Holl, JL (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Inst Hlth Serv Res & Policy Studies, Sch Med, 339 E Chicago Ave,Rm 713, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 41 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2000 VL 105 IS 3 SU S BP 711 EP 718 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 290MV UT WOS:000085680800005 PM 10699149 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, PG Holl, JL Rodewald, LE Yoos, L Zwanziger, J Shone, LP Mukamel, DB Trafton, S Dick, AW Raubertas, RF AF Szilagyi, PG Holl, JL Rodewald, LE Yoos, L Zwanziger, J Shone, LP Mukamel, DB Trafton, S Dick, AW Raubertas, RF TI Evaluation of New York State's Child Health Plus: Children who have asthma SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 02-06, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Pediat Acad Soc DE uninsured; underinsured; health insurance; children; asthma; utilization; quality of care; SCHIP ID MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; INSURANCE STATUS; UNITED-STATES; HOSPITALIZATION; IMPACT; CARE; RATES; VACCINATION; QUALITY; PROGRAM AB Background. Little is known about the impact of providing health insurance to uninsured children who have asthma or other chronic diseases. Objectives. To evaluate the association between health insurance and the utilization of health care and the quality of care among children who have asthma. Design. Before-and-during study of children for a 1-year period before and a 1-year period immediately after enrollment in a state-funded health insurance plan. Intervention. In 1991 New York State implemented Child Health Plus (CHPlus), a health insurance program providing ambulatory and ED (ED), but not hospitalization coverage for children 0 to 12.99 years old whose family incomes were below 222% of the federal poverty level and who were not enrolled in Medicaid. Subjects. A total of 187 children (2-12.99 years old) who had asthma and enrolled in CHPlus between November 1, 1991 and August 1, 1993. Main Outcome Measures. Rates of primary care visits (preventive, acute, asthma-specific), ED visits, hospitalizations, number of specialists seen, and quality of care measures (parent reports of the effect of CHPlus on quality of asthma care, and rates of recommended asthma therapies). The effect of CHPlus was assessed by comparing outcome measures for each child for the year before versus the year after CHPlus enrollment, controlling for age, insurance coverage before CHPlus, and asthma severity. Data Ascertainment. Parent telephone interviews and medical chart reviews at primary care offices, EDs, and public health clinics. Main Results. Visit rates to primary care providers were significantly higher during CHPlus compared with before CHPlus for chronic illness care (.995 visits before CHPlus vs 1.34 visits per year during CHPlus), follow-up visits (.86 visits vs 1.32 visits per year), total visits (5.69 visits vs 7.11 visits per year), and for acute asthma exacerbations (.61 visits vs 0.84 visits per year). There were no significant associations between CHPlus coverage and ED visits or hospitalizations, although specialty utilization increased (30% vs 40%; P = .02). According to parents, CHPlus reduced asthma severity for 55% of children (no change in severity for 44% and worsening severity for 1%). Similarly, CHPlus was reported to have improved overall health status for 45% of children (no change in 53% and worse in 1%), primarily attributable to coverage for office visits and asthma medications. CHPlus was associated with more asthma tune-up visits (48% before CHPlus vs 63% during CHPlus). There was no statistically significant effect of CHPlus on several other quality of care measures such as follow-up after acute exacerbations, receipt of influenza vaccination, or use of bronchodilators or antiinflammatory medications. Conclusions. Health insurance for uninsured children who have asthma helped overcome financial barriers that prevented children from receiving care for acute asthma exacerbations and for chronic asthma care. Health insurance was associated with increased utilization of primary care for asthma and improved parent perception of quality of care and asthma severity, but not with some quality indicators. Although more intensive interventions beyond health insurance are needed to optimize quality of asthma care, health insurance coverage substantially improves the health care for children who have asthma. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biostat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Inst Hlth Serv Res & Policy Studies, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Szilagyi, PG (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Strong Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 632, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2000 VL 105 IS 3 SU S BP 719 EP 727 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 290MV UT WOS:000085680800006 PM 10699150 ER PT J AU Zwanziger, J Mukamel, DB Szilagyi, PG Trafton, S Dick, AW Holl, JL Rodewald, LE Shone, LP Jarrell, L Raubertas, RF AF Zwanziger, J Mukamel, DB Szilagyi, PG Trafton, S Dick, AW Holl, JL Rodewald, LE Shone, LP Jarrell, L Raubertas, RF TI Evaluating Child Health Plus in upstate New York: how much does providing health insurance to uninsured children increase health care costs? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Child Health Plus; children; uninsured; underinsured; health insurance; SCHIP; costs ID MEDICAL-SERVICES; CONTROLLED TRIAL AB Background. In response to the increase in the number of American children without health insurance, new federal and state programs have been established to expand health insurance coverage for children. However, the presence of insurance reduces the price of care for families participating in these programs and stimulates the use of medical services, which leads to an increase in health care costs. In this article, we identified the additional expenditures associated with the provision of health insurance to previously uninsured children. Methods. We estimated the expenditures on additional services using data from a study of children living in the Rochester, New York, area who were enrolled in the New York State Child Health Plus (CHPlus) program. CHPlus was designed specifically for low-income children without health insurance who were not eligible for Medicaid. The study sample consisted of 1910 children under the age of 6 who were initially enrolled in CHPlus between November 1, 1991 and August 1, 1993 and who had been enrolled for at least 9 continuous months. We used medical chart reviews to determine the level of primary care utilization, parent interviews for demographic information, as well as specialty care utilization, and we used claims data submitted to CHPlus for the year after enrollment to calculate health care expenditures. Using this information, we estimated a multivariate regression model to compute the average change in expenditures associated with a unit of utilization for a cross-section of service types while controlling for other factors that independently influenced total outpatient expenditures. Results. Expenditures for outpatient services were closely related to primary care utilization-more utilization tended to increase expenditures. Age and the presence of a chronic condition both affected expenditures. Children with chronic conditions and infants tended to have more visits, but these visits were, on average, less expensive. Applying the average change in expenditures to the change in utilization that resulted from the presence of insurance, we estimated that the total increase in expenditures associated with CHPlus was $71.85 per child in the year after enrollment, or a 23% increase in expenditures. The cost increase was almost entirely associated with the provision of primary care. Almost three-quarters of the increase in outpatient expenditures was associated with increased acute and well-child care visits. Conclusions. CHPlus was associated with a modest increase in expenditures, mostly from additional outpatient utilization. Because the additional primary care provided to young children often has substantial long-term benefits, the relatively modest expenditure increases associated with the provision of insurance may be viewed as an investment in the future. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Inst Hlth Serv Res & Policy Studies, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zwanziger, J (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Strong Mem Hosp, Sch Med, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2000 VL 105 IS 3 SU S BP 728 EP 732 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 290MV UT WOS:000085680800007 PM 10699151 ER PT J AU Dong, XQ Lindler, LE Chu, MC AF Dong, XQ Lindler, LE Chu, MC TI Complete DNA sequence and analysis of an emerging cryptic plasmid isolated from Yersinia pestis SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE Y-pestis; plasmid ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REPLICATION; INITIATOR; ITERONS; PROTEIN; ORIGIN AB A 6-kb cryptic plasmid (pYC; 5919 bp) has been recovered from Yersinia pestis isolates originating from regions of Yunnan province in China. The sequence of pYC was determined, and analysis of the sequence has revealed that two of the plasmid DNA regions (ORFs 10 and 11) are similar to the DinJ1 and DinJ2 gene products: encoded by Escherichia coli chromosomal DNA. This plasmid is increasingly harbored by Y. pestis isolates recovered from a domestic rodent cycle in the southern regions of the province. Further studies will determine the origin and function of pYC. C1 Yunnan Prov Inst Epidem Dis Control & Res, Dali, Yunnan, Peoples R China. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Chu, MC (reprint author), POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD MAR PY 2000 VL 43 IS 2 BP 144 EP 148 DI 10.1006/plas.1999.1432 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 292VG UT WOS:000085815300006 PM 10686133 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Kettel-Khan, L Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS AF Freedman, DS Kettel-Khan, L Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS TI Black/white differences in relative weight and obesity among girls: The bogalusa heart study SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE body weight; blacks; girls; schoolchildren; sexual development ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; WHITE GIRLS; CHILDREN; BLACK; OVERWEIGHT; ADOLESCENTS; FAT; FATNESS; HEALTH AB Background and objective. Although black women have a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than do white women, it is unclear if a similar pattern exists among youths. We therefore examined the development of black/white differences in relative weight and adiposity among 5 to 17-year-old girls. Methods, Cross-sectional analyses of 4542 black and 4542 white girls who were examined between 1973 and 1994. Quetelet Index (kg/m(2)), Rohrer Index (kg/m(3)), and height-adjusted weight were used as measures of relative weight, and subscapular and triceps skinfolds as measures of adiposity. Breast development was used as an index of sexual maturation. Results. On average black girls were 1 to 3 kg heavier than were similarly aged white girls, and before adolescence, they were 2 to 3 cm taller. After adjusting for differences in height, the mean relative weight of black girls was consistently greater than that of white girls only after age 13; furthermore, sexual maturation was a stronger correlate of relative weight among black girls than among white girls. Comparable differences were seen for the subscapular skinfold thickness, but white girls consistently had a thicker mean triceps skinfold than did black girls. Conclusion. Sexual maturation should be considered in comparisons of relative weight and obesity among youths, and as compared with white girls, black. girls do not have a higher mean relative weight until adolescence. The use of different indices of overweight and adiposity can lead to contrasting results, with simple comparisons of Quetelet Index tending to overstate the relative weights of taller children. (C) 2000 American Health Foundation and Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL38844] NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 30 IS 3 BP 234 EP 243 DI 10.1006/pmed.1999.0611 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 294QC UT WOS:000085921000008 PM 10684747 ER PT J AU Jonas, BS Lando, JF AF Jonas, BS Lando, JF TI Negative affect as a prospective risk factor for hypertension SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE negative affect; anxiety; depression; hypertension; longitudinal; incidence ID BLOOD-PRESSURE REACTIVITY; FOLLOW-UP; BORDERLINE HYPERTENSION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SEX-DIFFERENCES; HEART-DISEASE; DEPRESSION; STRESS; ANXIETY; INFORMATION AB Objective: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that negative affect is a prospective risk factor for hypertension among white and black persons. Methods: A population-based cohort of 3310 initially normotensive and chronic disease-free persons in the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study was tracked through four follow-up waves (maximum, 22 years), The association between hypertension and baseline negative affect was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for baseline age, sex, race, education, smoking, alcohol use, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and change in body mass index as a time-dependent covariate. Negative affect was based on combined symptoms of depression and anxiety, Hypertension end points included 1) self-reported, 2) treated (prescription of antihypertensive medications), and 3) incident (blood pressure greater than or equal to 160/95 mm Hg or treated) hypertension. Blood pressure measurements were obtained only at baseline and the first follow-up examination (maximum. 13 years). Results: Increased negative affect was associated with elevated risk for self-reported, treated, and incident hypertension at first follow-up. Through four waves of follow-up, high negative affect was associated with treated hypertension in baseline risk-adjusted models for white women (relative risk [RR] = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.30-2.30), black women (RR = 3.12, 95% CI = 1.24-7.88), and all men (RR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.08-2.25). Time-dependent covariate models produced similar RRs. Conclusions: Negative affect is predictive of development of hypertension. For treated hypertension, white women and all men with increased negative affect had similarly elevated RRs, whereas black women with increased negative affect had substantially higher RRs. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal, Hyattsville, MD USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jonas, BS (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 57 TC 112 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 2 BP 188 EP 196 PG 9 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 301GJ UT WOS:000086302100005 PM 10772396 ER PT J AU Gilchrist, J Sacks, JJ Branche, CM AF Gilchrist, J Sacks, JJ Branche, CM TI Self-reported swimming ability in US adults, 1994 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nat Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gilchrist, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nat Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-JUN PY 2000 VL 115 IS 2-3 BP 110 EP 111 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 341UA UT WOS:000088606900005 PM 10968737 ER PT J AU Green, LW AF Green, LW TI Working together or hanging together to avoid working SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, WHO Collaborat Ctr Tobacco & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Green, LW (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-JUN PY 2000 VL 115 IS 2-3 BP 185 EP 187 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 341UA UT WOS:000088606900030 ER PT J AU Arduino, MJ AF Arduino, MJ TI The role of the centers for disease control and prevention in dialysis SO SEMINARS IN DIALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Dialysis & Med Devices Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Arduino, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Dialysis & Med Devices Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0894-0959 J9 SEMIN DIALYSIS JI Semin. Dial. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 BP 63 EP 63 DI 10.1046/j.1525-139x.2000.00023.x PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 307QW UT WOS:000086665300001 PM 10795105 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI Miller, ER Alter, MJ Arduino, MJ AF Tokars, JI Miller, ER Alter, MJ Arduino, MJ TI National surveillance of dialysis-associated diseases in the United States, 1997 SO SEMINARS IN DIALYSIS LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; MULTICENTER PROSPECTIVE SURVEY; CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; NON-A; RISK-FACTORS; C VIRUS; RESISTANT; VANCOMYCIN; AGENTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 54 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0894-0959 J9 SEMIN DIALYSIS JI Semin. Dial. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1046/j.1525-139x.2000.00026.x PG 11 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 307QW UT WOS:000086665300005 PM 10795109 ER PT J AU Arduino, MJ AF Arduino, MJ TI CDC investigations of noninfectious outbreaks of adverse events in hemodialysis facilities, 1979-1999 SO SEMINARS IN DIALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-AZIDE; ALUMINUM INTOXICATION; DIALYSIS CENTER; ENCEPHALOPATHY; SUCRALFATE; TOXICITY; BRAZIL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Arduino, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 41 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0894-0959 J9 SEMIN DIALYSIS JI Semin. Dial. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 BP 86 EP 91 DI 10.1046/j.1525-139x.2000.00025.x PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 307QW UT WOS:000086665300006 PM 10795110 ER PT J AU Roth, VR Jarvis, WR AF Roth, VR Jarvis, WR TI Outbreaks of infection and/or pyrogenic reactions in dialysis patients SO SEMINARS IN DIALYSIS LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTEREMIA; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; HIGH-FLUX HEMODIALYSIS; INTRAPERITONEAL VANCOMYCIN; PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; WATER BACTERIA; ENDOTOXIN; FLUIDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Roth, VR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0894-0959 J9 SEMIN DIALYSIS JI Semin. Dial. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 BP 92 EP 96 DI 10.1046/j.1525-139x.2000.00027.x PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 307QW UT WOS:000086665300007 PM 10795111 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI AF Tokars, JI TI Description of a new surveillance system for bloodstream and vascular access infections in outpatient hemodialysis centers SO SEMINARS IN DIALYSIS LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; BACTEREMIA; MORBIDITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0894-0959 J9 SEMIN DIALYSIS JI Semin. Dial. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1046/j.1525-139x.2000.00030.x PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 307QW UT WOS:000086665300008 PM 10795112 ER PT J AU Rangel, MC Coronado, VG Euler, GL Strikas, RA AF Rangel, MC Coronado, VG Euler, GL Strikas, RA TI Vaccine recommendations for patients on chronic dialysis SO SEMINARS IN DIALYSIS LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINE; CHRONIC-RENAL-FAILURE; PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINE; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; NEPHROTIC SYNDROME C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Adult Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rangel, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Adult Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 80 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0894-0959 J9 SEMIN DIALYSIS JI Semin. Dial. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1046/j.1525-139x.2000.00029.x PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 307QW UT WOS:000086665300009 PM 10795113 ER PT J AU Cohen, MS Ping, G Fox, K Henderson, GE AF Cohen, MS Ping, G Fox, K Henderson, GE TI Sexually transmitted diseases in the People's Republic of China in Y2K SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; GONORRHEA; SYPHILIS; TRENDS C1 Univ N Carolina, Div Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Peking Union Med Coll, Beijing, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cohen, MS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Div Infect Dis, 547 Burnett Womack Bldg,CB 7030, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 20 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 27 IS 3 BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.1097/00007435-200003000-00004 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 290PN UT WOS:000085684700004 PM 10726646 ER PT J AU Stratford, D Ellerbrock, TV Akins, JK Hall, HL AF Stratford, D Ellerbrock, TV Akins, JK Hall, HL TI Highway cowboys, old hands, and Christian truckers: risk behavior for human immunodeficiency virus infection among long-haul truckers in Florida SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE long-haul truckers; HIV-related risk behavior; ethnography; United States ID HIV-INFECTION; YOUNG-ADULTS; PROSTITUTES; DRIVERS; AIDS; SEX AB This paper reports the results of ethnographic research to describe risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among long-haul truck drivers and the contexts and factors that influence risk and protective behaviors. Drivers were selected using purposive and snowball sampling at trucking-related businesses along major truck routes in Florida. Interview information was used to categorize truckers' levels of potential risk, describe behavioral characteristics of each group, identify sex partners, and assess perceptions of the risk of HIV infection. One-third of the 71 men interviewed had frequent sexual intercourse on the road with multiple partners, but few ever used condoms. Commercial sex workers were their most frequent partners for on-the-road sex. The risk was compounded by occupational conditions, which motivated truckers to drive long hours, often using drugs to stay alert. Sex, alcohol, and drugs were perceived as quick, effective stress relievers during downtime on long, lonely trips. Despite their high-risk behaviors, truckers tended to consider themselves at low risk for HIV infection and expressed a number of misconceptions regarding HIV transmission. For example, many truckers did not associate HV risk with heterosexual contact or think that condoms were effective in preventing HIV transmission. In addition, many truckers maintained strong homophobic and anti-government opinions that reinforced their suspicion of safe-sex messages. These findings suggest that high-risk sexual behavior is common among long-haul truckers in the US, who may be at risk for HIV infection primarily because of unprotected sexual intercourse with multiple sex partners. Also, drug use may be associated with HIV risk behavior. The authors recommend establishing prevention programs that are developed by and for truckers, determining HIV seroprevalence rates of truckers, addressing drug and alcohol abuse among truckers, and altering industry policy that keeps truckers on the road too long for their own and others' safety. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Anthropol, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stratford, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Anthropol, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU406791] NR 37 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 50 IS 5 BP 737 EP 749 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00335-4 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 268ML UT WOS:000084420100013 PM 10658853 ER PT J AU Pohl, HR Llados, F Ingerman, L Cunningham, P Raymer, JH Wall, C Gasiewicz, T De Rosa, CT AF Pohl, HR Llados, F Ingerman, L Cunningham, P Raymer, JH Wall, C Gasiewicz, T De Rosa, CT TI ATSDR evaluation of health effects of chemicals. VII: Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; OPERATION RANCH HAND; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; BREAST-FED INFANTS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; DEVELOPING IMMUNE-SYSTEM; DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD TREATMENT AB As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of the most important parts of the Toxicological Profile for Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) [ATSDR. Toxicological profile for chlorinated dibenzo-dioxins (CDDs). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, 1998] into the scientific literature. Toxicological information includes health effects, toxicokinetics, mechanism of toxicity, biomarkers, interactions, and evaluation of animal to human extrapolation of data. Environmental information encompasses chemical and physical properties, potential for human exposure, and a listing of regulations and advisories. Because of the enormous database for CDDs, this particular toxicological profile is unusually long. Therefore, the profile had to be substantially shortened for the purpose of this article. Interested readers are encouraged to consult the original toxicological profile for more information. All original profiles can be requested from ATSDR's Information Center by telephone (1-888-422-ATSDR [1-888-422-8731] or E-mail; (atsdric@cdc.gov). C1 US Dept HHS, Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Pohl, HR (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hrp1@cdc.gov NR 803 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 EI 1477-0393 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD MAR-AUG PY 2000 VL 16 IS 3-5 BP 85 EP + PG 111 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 406FN UT WOS:000167204400001 ER PT J AU McQuiston, JH Childs, JE Chamberland, ME Tabor, E AF McQuiston, JH Childs, JE Chamberland, ME Tabor, E TI Transmission of tick-borne agents of disease by blood transfusion: a review of known and potential risks in the United States SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Review ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; NEW-YORK-STATE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; LYME-DISEASE; BABESIA-MICROTI; TRANSMITTED BABESIOSIS; RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 107 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 3 BP 274 EP 284 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40030274.x PG 11 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 296QT UT WOS:000086036200004 PM 10738026 ER PT J AU Tanuri, A da Costa, LJ Brindeiro, R Ramos, CA Pau, CP Rayfield, MA AF Tanuri, A da Costa, LJ Brindeiro, R Ramos, CA Pau, CP Rayfield, MA TI Construction of a selectable nef-defective live-attenuated human immunodeficiency virus expressing Escherichia coli gpt gene SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-LINES; TYPE-1; AIDS; REPLICATION; INFECTION; VACCINE; MACAQUES; PATHOGENICITY; EXONUCLEASE; PROTECTION AB We have developed a replication-competent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) carrying a selective marker that can be used in vivo. This recombinant virus (Z6 Delta nef gpt) was generated by replacing the 5' half of the HIV nef gene with the Escherichia coli guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene (gpt). This new vector can express the gpt product on infection and works as a positive selective marker for mycophenolic acid (MPA) resistance, a potent immunosuppressive drug used in organ rejection therapy. Conversely, gpt expression also served as a negative selectable marker, since its intracellular expression induces host-cell susceptibility to 6-thioxantine (6-TX), a nucleotide analog that is toxic to the infected cell under these conditions. In this manner, we could suppress the recombinant virus replication through 6-TX selection in both transformed cells and primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), suggesting the vector's potential as a model for a new live-attenuated vaccine approach against HIV. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Genet, CCS, Inst Biol, BR-21944970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tanuri, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Genet, CCS, Inst Biol, Bloco Ac, BR-21944970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM lavimoan@hotmail.com NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 268 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1006/viro.1999.0145 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 292MA UT WOS:000085797200010 PM 10683329 ER PT J AU Sullivan, AD Hedberg, K Fleming, DW AF Sullivan, AD Hedberg, K Fleming, DW TI Legalized physician-assisted suicide in Oregon - The second year. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VIEWS AB Background and Methods: In 1997, Oregon legalized physician-assisted suicide. We have previously reported data on terminally ill Oregon residents who received prescriptions for lethal medications under the Oregon Death with Dignity Act and who died in 1998. We now report similar data for 1999, obtained from physicians' reports, death certificates, and interviews with physicians. We also report data from interviews with family members. Results: Information on 33 persons who received prescriptions for lethal medications in 1999 was reported to the Oregon Health Division; 26 died after taking the lethal medications, 5 died from their underlying illnesses, and 2 were alive as of January 1, 2000. One additional patient, who received a prescription in 1998, died after taking the medication in 1999. Thus, 27 patients died after ingesting lethal medications in 1999 (9 per 10,000 deaths in Oregon), as compared with 16 patients in 1998 (6 per 10,000). Results: The median age of the 27 patients who died in 1999 after taking lethal medications was 71 years. The most frequent underlying illnesses were cancer (in 17 patients), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (in 4), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (in 4). All 27 patients had health insurance, 21 were receiving hospice care, and 13 were college graduates. According to both physicians and family members, patients requested assistance with suicide for several reasons, including loss of autonomy, loss of control of bodily functions, an inability to participate in activities that make life enjoyable, and a determination to control the manner of death. Conclusions: In the second as compared with the first year of legalized physician-assisted suicide in Oregon, the number of patients who died after ingesting lethal medications increased, but it remained small in relation to the total number of persons in Oregon who died. Patients who request assistance with suicide appear to be motivated by several factors, including loss of autonomy and a determination to control the way in which they die. (N Engl J Med 2000;342:598-604.) (C)2000, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hedberg, K (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Div, 800 NE Oregon St,Suite 772, Portland, OR 97232 USA. NR 13 TC 150 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 4 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 24 PY 2000 VL 342 IS 8 BP 598 EP 604 DI 10.1056/NEJM200002243420822 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 286AX UT WOS:000085422400031 PM 10684921 ER PT J CA CDC TI HIV/AIDS among racial/ethnic minority men who have sex with men - United States, 1989-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 4-11, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, State Dept, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Territorial Hlth Dept, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, State Dept, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 23 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 8 BP 995 EP 996 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 284AM UT WOS:000085308600010 ER PT J CA CDC TI HIV/AIDS among racial/ethnic minority men who have sex with men - United States, 1989-1998 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 23 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 8 BP 996 EP 997 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 284AM UT WOS:000085308600011 ER PT J CA CDC TI Guidelines for surveillance, prevention, and control of West Nile virus infection - United States (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 25, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 23 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 8 BP 997 EP 998 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 284AM UT WOS:000085308600012 ER PT J AU Ellerbrock, TV Chiasson, MA Bush, TJ Sun, XW Sawo, D Brudney, K Wright, TC AF Ellerbrock, TV Chiasson, MA Bush, TJ Sun, XW Sawo, D Brudney, K Wright, TC TI Incidence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-infected women SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR; SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN; NEOPLASIA; RISK; HPV; ABNORMALITIES; PREVALENCE; DYSPLASIA AB Context Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), the precursors to invasive cervical cancer. However, little is known about the causes of this association. Objectives To compare the incidence of SILs in HIV-infected vs uninfected women and to determine the role of risk factors in the pathogenesis of such lesions. Design Prospective cohort study conducted from October 1, 1991, to June 30, 1996. Setting Urban clinics for sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infection, and methadone maintenance. Participants A total of 328 HIV-infected and 325 uninfected women with no evidence of SILs by Papanicolaou test or colposcopy at study entry. Main Outcome Measure Incident SILs confirmed by biopsy, compared by HIV status and risk factors. Results During about 30 months of follow-up, 67 (20%) HIV-infected and 16 (5%) uninfected women developed a SIL (incidence of 8.3 and 1.8 cases per 100 person-years in sociodemographically similar infected and uninfected women, respectively [P<.001]). Of incident SILs, 91% were low grade in HIV-infected women vs 75% in uninfected women. No invasive cervical cancers were identified. By multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for incident SILs were HIV infection (relative risk [RR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-6.1), transient human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection (RR, 5.5, 95% CI, 1.4-21.9), persistent HPV DNA types other than 16 or 18 (RR, 7.6; 95% CI, 1.9-30.3), persistent HPV DNA types 16 and 18 (RR, 11.6; 95% CI, 2.7-50.7), and younger age (<37.5 years; RR, 2.1;95% CI, 1.3-3.4), Conclusions In our study, 1 in 5 HIV-infected women with no evidence of cervical disease developed biopsy-confirmed SILs within 3 years, highlighting the importance of cervical cancer screening programs in this population. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Bur Dis Intervent Res, New York, NY 10013 USA. RP Wright, TC (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pathol, Room 16-402,630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU206822] NR 33 TC 274 Z9 288 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 23 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 8 BP 1031 EP 1037 DI 10.1001/jama.283.8.1031 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 284AM UT WOS:000085308600032 PM 10697063 ER PT J AU Champion, JM Kean, RB Rupprecht, CE Notkins, AL Koprowski, H Dietzschold, B Hooper, DC AF Champion, JM Kean, RB Rupprecht, CE Notkins, AL Koprowski, H Dietzschold, B Hooper, DC TI The development of monoclonal human rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies as a substitute for pooled human immune globulin in the prophylactic treatment of rabies virus exposure SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE rabies virus; human monoclonal antibodies; rabies post-exposure prophylaxis; passive immunization ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS; POSTEXPOSURE TREATMENT; GLYCOPROTEIN; LYMPHOCYTES; CLEARANCE; RESPONSES; PROTECTS; ANTIGENS AB To provide a more defined and safer replacement for the human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) from pooled serum which is currently used for treatment of exposure to rabies virus we have developed a series of human rabies virus-specific monoclonal antibodies. Mouse-human heterohybrid myeloma cells producing rabies virus-specific human monoclonal antibodies were prepared using B cells obtained from volunteers recently-immunized with a commercial rabies virus vaccine (HDCV). Cell lines producing antibody which neutralized the Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth (ERA) rabies virus strain in vitro were cloned and the resulting monoclonal antibodies characterized for isotype, specificity against a variety of rabies virus isolates, and neutralization capacity. The ability of the monoclonal antibodies to neutralize a variety of rabies virus strains in vitro correlated with their binding specificity for these viruses in an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbant assay (ELISA), A number of these antibodies have proven suitable for the formulation of a prophylactic human monoclonal antibody-based reagent which would provide significant advantages to the HRIG in having defined, reproducible specificity, lessened possibility of contamination with viral pathogens, and consistent availability. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ctr Neurovirol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIDR, Oral Med Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hooper, DC (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ctr Neurovirol, Rm 454 JAH,1020 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. OI Hooper, Douglas/0000-0002-8578-5104 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [N01-DE52606] NR 29 TC 33 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD FEB 21 PY 2000 VL 235 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(99)00223-9 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 290JY UT WOS:000085674200009 PM 10675760 ER PT J AU Wang, B Spira, TJ Owen, S Lal, RB Saksena, NK AF Wang, B Spira, TJ Owen, S Lal, RB Saksena, NK TI HIV-1 strains from a cohort of American subjects reveal the presence of a V2 region extension unique to slow progressors and non-progressors SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; long-term non-progressor; quasispecies; nef; env V2; viral diversity; AIDS ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; TERM-NONPROGRESSING MOTHER; NEF-GENE; CHILD PAIR; IN-VIVO; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ENVELOPE GP120; V3 LOOP; SEQUENCES AB Objectives: To determine the molecular nature of HIV-I quasispecies and their evolution, in vivo over time, in an American cohort of 22 homosexual men [four rapid progressors (RP), 15 slow progressors (SP) and three long-term non-progressors (LTN)], infected with HIV-1 between 1982 and 1983, and to assess the possible role of the HIV-1 V2 region extension in HIV disease progression. Design: Genetic and phylogenetic analyses of the V3 region and the nef gene clones over time from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of American patients with varying HIV disease progression rates. Methods: Proviral DNA from longitudinally collected uncultured PBMC were subjected to PCR amplification in the nef gene and env V2 and V3 regions, followed by cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to establish evolutionary relationships between HIV-1 strains over time. Results: Analysis of multiple viral clones showed nef gene deletions/insertions in 10 out of 15 SP, along with the coexistence of intact and defective nef gene lineages in the same individual over time, whereas these nef gene abnormalities were absent from HIV-1 strains from LTNP. Increasing quasispecies diversity in HIV-1 strains, over lime, abrogation of a V3 region N-linked glycosylation site in > 60% of the clones, and, importantly, an extended V2 region were unique features or HIV-I strains from SP and LTNP. Conclusions: The V2 region extension was unique to only SP and LTNP, and so may have a role in slow progression or non-progression of HIV disease. Increasing genetic diversity in HIV-1 strains in SP and LTNP correlated with the immunocompetent status of the host. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Univ Sydney, Westmead Hosp, Westmead Millennium Inst & Res Ctr, Ctr Virus Res,Retroviral Genet Lab, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, HIV Immunol Diagnost Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retroviral Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, NCID, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Saksena, NK (reprint author), WMIRC, Ctr Virus Res, Retroviral Genet Lab, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. NR 46 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 18 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 3 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1097/00002030-200002180-00002 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 287HE UT WOS:000085499800002 PM 10716496 ER PT J AU Koumans, EH Sternberg, M Gwinn, M Swint, E Zaidi, A St Louis, ME AF Koumans, EH Sternberg, M Gwinn, M Swint, E Zaidi, A St Louis, ME TI Geographic variation of HIV infection in childbearing women with syphilis in the United States SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV infection; syphilis; United States; epidemiology ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; GENITAL ULCER DISEASE; HIV-1-INFECTED MEN; TYPE-1 HIV-1; RISK-FACTOR; AIDS; PREVALENCE; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION AB Objectives: Substantial biologic and epidemiologic data indicate the importance of syphilis as a potential cofactor for sexual transmission of HIV infection, but few detailed data exist on the geographic covariation of these two important sexually transmitted infections. Design: HIV prevalence in childbearing women and primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis data from 29 states were examined to explore the importance of the epidemiology of syphilis as a factor in facilitating HIV transmission. Method: The spatial relationship between P&S syphilis and HIV infection in the health districts of 29 states was analyzed and adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors such as racial composition, income, housing, education levels, and access to medical services using the 1990 US census, and geographic location. Results: in 29 states and the District of Colombia, 448 health districts, representing more than 75% of the US population, reported HIV prevalence rates for mothers' district of residence. The HIV seroprevalence ranged from 0 to 1258/10 000 in these health districts. The incidence of PBS syphilis from 1984-1994 in these districts ranged from 0 to 87/100 000. The P&S syphilis incidence was positively associated with the prevalence of HIV infection among childbearing women (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Syphilis that persists in communities in the United States appears to represent a 'sentinel public health event' reflecting risk for sexual HIV transmission. These findings, along with other biologic and epidemiologic information, reinforce the importance of syphilis as an indicator for targeting HIV prevention efforts generally, as well as syphilis control as a specific HIV-prevention strategy. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koumans, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 18 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 3 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1097/00002030-200002180-00010 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 287HE UT WOS:000085499800010 PM 10716504 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Dworkin, MS Jones, JL Hooper, WC AF Sullivan, PS Dworkin, MS Jones, JL Hooper, WC CA Adult-Adolescent Spectrum HIV Dis TI Epidemiology of thrombosis in HIV-infected individuals SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; hematology; thrombosis ID RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; DISEASE; AIDS; THROMBOEMBOLISM; DEFICIENCY; VIRUS AB Objective: To describe the incidence of clinically recognized thrombosis and associated factors among individuals infected with HIV. Design: A longitudinal medical record review. Setting: Over 100 medical clinics in nine US cities. Patients: A total of 42 935 individuals aged 13 years or older with HIV infection, observed for an average of 2.4 years. Main outcome measures: The incidence of thrombosis among HIV-infected individuals; adjusted odds ratios for factors associated with thrombosis. Results: The incidence of thrombosis among HIV-infected individuals was 2.6/1000 person-years (PY). Factors significantly associated with thrombosis included: age of 45 or more years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-2.7); a diagnosis of cytomegalovirus disease or retinitis (AOR, 1.9; Cl, 1.2-2.9), or other AIDS-defining opportunistic illness (AOR, 1.5; CI, 1.1 -2.2); hospitalization (AOR, 3.3; CI, 2.5-4.4); and the prescription of megestrol acetate (AOR, 2.0; CI 1.3-2.9) or indinavir (AOR, 2.4; Cl 1.4-4.3). The prescription of other protease inhibitors, sex, race, and mode of HIV exposure were not associated with thrombosis. Conclusion: Among HIV-infected individuals, clinically detected thrombosis is more common in those who have opportunistic illnesses, for whom megestrol acetate or indinavir have been prescribed, who have been hospitalized, and who are aged 45 years or older. Physicians should be aware of the risks of thrombosis in order to promote the early identification and appropriate treatment or prophylaxis. Further study is needed to characterize the association between indinavir and thrombosis. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prvent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS SID & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 22 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 18 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 3 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1097/00002030-200002180-00015 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 287HE UT WOS:000085499800015 PM 10716509 ER PT J AU Propst, MT Middaugh, JR AF Propst, MT Middaugh, JR TI Hypothermia-related deaths - Alaska, October 1998-April 1999, and trends in the United States, 1979-1996 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Alaska Dept Hlth, Div Publ Hlth, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Hlth Studies Br, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Propst, MT (reprint author), Alaska Dept Hlth, Div Publ Hlth, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 16 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 7 BP 878 EP 879 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 281WT UT WOS:000085185000010 ER PT J CA WHO Collaborating Labs Natl Enteric Virus Surveillance Sy Sentinel Phys Influenza Surveillan CDC TI Update: Influenza activity - United States, 1999-2000 season SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Collaborating Labs, Geneva, Switzerland. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Sentinel Phys Influenza Surveillance Syst, Surveillance Syst Br,Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Washington, DC USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Mortal Stat Br, Div Vital Stat, Washington, DC USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Resp & Enterovirus Br, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP WHO Collaborating Labs (reprint author), WHO, Collaborating Labs, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 16 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 7 BP 879 EP 880 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 281WT UT WOS:000085185000011 ER PT J AU Shapiro, JA Jacobs, EJ Thun, MJ AF Shapiro, JA Jacobs, EJ Thun, MJ TI Cigar smoking in men and risk of death from tobacco-related cancers SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY AB Background: Cigar consumption in the United States has increased dramatically since 1993, yet there are limited prospective data on the risk of cancer associated with cigar smoking. We examined the association between cigar smoking and death from tobacco-related cancers in a large, prospective cohort of U. S. men. Methods: We used Cox proportional hazards models to analyze the relationship between cigar smoking at baseline in 1982 and mortality from cancers of the lung, oral cavity/pharynx, larynx, esophagus, bladder, and pancreas over 12 years of follow-up of the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II cohort. A total of 137 243 men were included in the final analysis. Women were not included because we had no data on their cigar use. We excluded men who ever smoked cigarettes or pipes and adjusted all rate ratio (RR) estimates for age, alcohol use, and use of snuff or chewing tobacco. Results: Current cigar smoking at baseline, as compared with never smoking, was associated with an increased risk of death from cancers of the lung (RR = 5.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.0-6.6), oral cavity/pharynx (RR = 4.0 [95% CI = 1.5-10.3]), larynx (RR = 10.3 [95% CI = 2.6-41.0]), and esophagus (RR = 1.8; 95% CI = 0.9-3.7). Although current cigar smokers overall did not appear to be at an increased risk of death from cancer of the pancreas (RR = 1.3; 95% CI = 0.9-1.9) or bladder (RR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.4-2.3), there was an increased risk for current cigar smokers who reported that they inhaled the smoke (for pancreas, RR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.5-4.8; for bladder, RR = 3.6; 95% CI = 1.3-9.9). Conclusions: Results from this large prospective study support a strong association between cigar smoking and mortality from several types of cancer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Shapiro, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K 55,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD FEB 16 PY 2000 VL 92 IS 4 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.1093/jnci/92.4.333 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 283UR UT WOS:000085294900013 PM 10675383 ER PT J AU Dicker, LW Mosure, DJ Levine, WC Black, CM Berman, SM AF Dicker, LW Mosure, DJ Levine, WC Black, CM Berman, SM TI Impact of switching laboratory tests on reported trends in Chlamydia trachomatis infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlamydia; Chlamydia trachomatis; laboratory techniques and procedures; mass screening; prevalence ID PREVALENCE; CULTURE AB Improvements in the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory testing methods for Chlamydia trachomatis infections in recent years have created potential problems with interpreting data on chlamydia prevalence trends. A switch to a more sensitive test can result in an increase in chlamydia positivity even with no increase in the true disease prevalence. To examine the impact of switching laboratory testing methods on chlamydia positivity trends among women, the authors analyzed data from chlamydia screening programs in family planning clinics in two geographic areas of the United States, Data from 7,287 tests performed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, indicated a 46% increase in positivity (from 4.1% to 6.0%) when the clinics switched from a nucleic acid probe assay to a ligase chain reaction test. Data from 35,306 tests performed in Oregon and Washington State laboratories showed a 21% increase in positivity (from 3.3% to 4.0%) when clinics switched from a direct immunofluorescent antibody testing procedure to an enzyme immunoassay with negative gray zone confirmation, These increases were within ranges consistent with the variability of the testing methods and occurred primarily in asymptomatic women and in women over age 20 years. Any switch in laboratory testing methods must be considered when interpreting data on chlamydial infection trends. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Serv, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mosure, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Serv, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 151 IS 4 BP 430 EP 435 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 286XU UT WOS:000085474800012 PM 10695602 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Bowman, BA Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS AF Freedman, DS Bowman, BA Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS TI The distribution and correlates of high-density lipoprotein subclasses among children and adolescents SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tulane Univ, Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 101 IS 6 MA P5A BP 735 EP 735 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 284NZ UT WOS:000085339600142 ER PT J AU Cannon, MJ Flanders, WD Pellett, PE AF Cannon, MJ Flanders, WD Pellett, PE TI Occurrence of primary cancers in association with multiple myeloma and Kaposi's sarcoma in the United States, 1973-1995 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; HERPESVIRUS-INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The causes of multiple myeloma (MM) are obscure, but a laboratory association was recently reported between MM and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the probable etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), Although there has been some additional laboratory corroboration, most laboratory studies have found no association between MM and HHV-8, We looked for indirect evidence of an HHV-8/MM association by evaluating whether MM is associated with KS in the United States. Cancer incidence and survival data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program for the years 1973-1995. Strength of association was assessed for a number of cancer pairs using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) (observed/expected double cancers). KS was strongly associated (SIR > 15) with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and anal cancer, was modestly associated (2.5 < SIR < 5.5) with MM, Hodgkin's disease, and testicular cancer and was not significantly associated with 6 other cancers. Besides being associated with KS, MM was weakly associated (1.7 < SIR < 2.3) with Hodgkin's disease and testicular cancer. The SIRs for 7 other cancers paired with MM were all less than 1.6. Factors that might be responsible for the KS/MM association include MM-related immune dysfunction, HIV and HHV-8, but the role of these factors cannot be directly assessed through the SEER database. Although we cannot rule out the possibility that HHV-8 is linked to a small proportion of MM cases, the modest KS/MM association is evidence that the vast majority of MM cases are not likely to be associated with HHV-8. Int J. Cancer 85:453-456, 2000. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Pellett, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,G18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 4 BP 453 EP 456 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(20000215)85:4<453::AID-IJC1>3.0.CO;2-L PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 280WX UT WOS:000085127700001 PM 10699913 ER PT J AU Hu, XL Margolis, HS Purcell, RH Ebert, J Robertson, BH AF Hu, XL Margolis, HS Purcell, RH Ebert, J Robertson, BH TI Identification of hepatitis B virus indigenous to chimpanzees SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; GENOME; HEPADNAVIRUS; WOODCHUCK; SUBTYPES AB Hepatitis B viruses (HBV) and related viruses, classified in the Hepadnaviridae family, are found in a wide variety of mammals and birds. Although the chimpanzee has been the primary experimental model of HBV infection, this species has not been considered a natural host for the virus. Retrospective analysis of 13 predominantly wild-caught chimpanzees with chronic HBV infection identified a unique chimpanzee HBV strain in 11 animals. Nucleotide and derived amino acid analysis of the complete HBV genome and the gene coding for the hepatitis B surface antigen (S gene) identified sequence patterns that could be used to reliably identify chimpanzee HBV. This analysis indicated that chimpanzee HBV is distinct from known human HBV genotypes and is closely related to HBVs previously isolated from a chimpanzee, gibbons, gorillas, and orangutans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch A33, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, Hepatitis Viruses Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Robertson, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch A33, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1661 EP 1664 DI 10.1073/pnas.97.4.1661 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 285VU UT WOS:000085409600069 PM 10677515 ER PT J AU Sandstrom, PA Phan, KO Switzer, WM Fredeking, T Chapman, L Heneine, W Folks, TM AF Sandstrom, PA Phan, KO Switzer, WM Fredeking, T Chapman, L Heneine, W Folks, TM TI Simian foamy virus infection among zoo keepers SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB We investigated 322 North American zoo workers in an anonymous serosurvey for antibodies to simian foamy viruses to establish the potential risk of zoonotic transmission by these retroviruses. 4 of 133 (3%) individuals who worked specifically with mammals including primates were seropositive, primarily with chimp-like viruses, indicating the importance of work practices to reduce exposure to these agents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Antibody Syst Inc, Ft Worth, TX 76054 USA. RP Folks, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G 19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 12 PY 2000 VL 355 IS 9203 BP 551 EP 552 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)05292-7 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 287CN UT WOS:000085487400019 PM 10683011 ER PT J AU Mani, SK Fienberg, AA O'Callaghan, JP Snyder, GL Allen, PB Dash, PK Moore, AN Mitchell, AJ Bibb, J Greengard, P O'Malley, BW AF Mani, SK Fienberg, AA O'Callaghan, JP Snyder, GL Allen, PB Dash, PK Moore, AN Mitchell, AJ Bibb, J Greengard, P O'Malley, BW TI Requirement for DARPP-32 in progesterone-facilitated sexual receptivity in female rats and mice SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGULATED NEURONAL PHOSPHOPROTEIN; CYCLIC-AMP; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE-1; OVARIECTOMIZED RATS; DOPAMINE; BEHAVIOR; RECEPTOR; PHOSPHORYLATION; ACTIVATION; LORDOSIS AB DARPP-32, a dopamine- and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated phosphoprotein (32 kilodaltons in size), is an obligate intermediate in progesterone (P)-facilitated sexual receptivity in female rats and mice. The facilitative effect of P on sexual receptivity in female rats was blocked by antisense oligonucleotides to DARPP-32. Homozygous mice carrying a null mutation for the DARPP-32 gene exhibited minimal levels of P-facilitated sexual receptivity when compared to their wild-type Littermates. P significantly increased hypothalamic cAMP levels and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. These increases were not inhibited by a D-1 subclass dopamine receptor antagonist. P also enhanced phosphorylation of DARPP-32 on threonine 34 in the hypothalamus of mice. DARPP-32 activation is thus an obligatory step in progestin receptor regulation of sexual receptivity in rats and mice. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Mol & Cellular Neurosci Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol & Anat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Mani, SK (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH49662, MH57442]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS 35457] NR 29 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 11 PY 2000 VL 287 IS 5455 BP 1053 EP 1056 DI 10.1126/science.287.5455.1053 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 282WU UT WOS:000085245400051 PM 10669419 ER PT J CA CDC TI Achievements in public health, 1900-1999: Changes in the public health system (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 1141-1147, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 9 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 6 BP 735 EP 738 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 280XL UT WOS:000085129000009 ER PT J AU Bruce, MC Donnelly, CA Alpers, MP Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW Walliker, D Day, KP AF Bruce, MC Donnelly, CA Alpers, MP Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW Walliker, D Day, KP TI Cross-species interactions between malaria parasites in humans SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; IMMUNITY; VIVAX; RESISTANCE; DYNAMICS; CHILDREN; MADANG; TESTS AB The dynamics of multiple Plasmodium infections in asymptomatic children Living under intense malaria transmission pressure provide evidence for a density-dependent regulation that transcends species as well as genotype. This regulation, in combination with species- and genotype-specific immune responses, results in nonindependent, sequential episodes of infection with each species. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wellcome Trust Ctr Epidemiol Infect Dis, Oxford OX1 3FY, England. Papua New Guinea Inst Med Res, Madang, Papua N Guinea. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Vaccine Ctr Yerkes, Dept Med,Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biol & Diagnost Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Cell Anim & Populat Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Bruce, MC (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wellcome Trust Ctr Epidemiol Infect Dis, Oxford OX1 3FY, England. RI Day, Karen/F-3697-2015 OI Day, Karen/0000-0002-6115-6135 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI24710, AI37545] NR 31 TC 147 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 4 PY 2000 VL 287 IS 5454 BP 845 EP 848 DI 10.1126/science.287.5454.845 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 281AR UT WOS:000085136400043 PM 10657296 ER PT J AU Khurshid, MA Chou, T Carey, R Larsen, R Conover, C Bornstein, SL AF Khurshid, MA Chou, T Carey, R Larsen, R Conover, C Bornstein, SL CA CDCP TI Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin - Illinois, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 1165-1167, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khurshid, MA (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 2 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 5 BP 597 EP 598 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 277WL UT WOS:000084956500008 ER PT J AU Baughman, W Farley, M Toomey, K Daily, P Rothrock, G Gelling, L Mokerjee, N Barrett, N Pass, M White, K Rainbow, J Damaske, B Stefonek, K Barnes, B Zansky, S Morin, C Phan, Q Moshar, P Haddler, J AF Baughman, W Farley, M Toomey, K Daily, P Rothrock, G Gelling, L Mokerjee, N Barrett, N Pass, M White, K Rainbow, J Damaske, B Stefonek, K Barnes, B Zansky, S Morin, C Phan, Q Moshar, P Haddler, J TI Laboratory capacity to detect antimicrobial resistance, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 1167-1171, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Act Bacterial Core Surveillance Emerging Infect P, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Br, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Baughman, W (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Act Bacterial Core Surveillance Emerging Infect P, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 2 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 5 BP 599 EP 600 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 277WL UT WOS:000084956500011 ER PT J AU Jones, P Ahmed, F Thompson, B Kleinbaum, D AF Jones, P Ahmed, F Thompson, B Kleinbaum, D TI Quality of health care and the HMO marketplace SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Jones, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 2 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 5 BP 602 EP 603 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 277WL UT WOS:000084956500015 PM 10665693 ER PT J AU Vinicor, F AF Vinicor, F TI Glycosylated hemoglobin as a diagnostic test for type 2 diabetes mellitus - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vinicor, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 2 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 5 BP 607 EP 607 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 277WL UT WOS:000084956500025 ER PT J AU Thompson, MP Kaslow, NJ Kingree, JB Rashid, A Puett, R Jacobs, D Matthews, A AF Thompson, MP Kaslow, NJ Kingree, JB Rashid, A Puett, R Jacobs, D Matthews, A TI Partner violence, social support, and distress among inner-city African American women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE partner violence; social support; psychological distress; African American women ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; BATTERED WOMEN; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; PSYCHOLOGICAL-RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; EMERGENCY; HEALTH; MODEL AB This study examined the role of social support in the partner violence-psychological distress relation in a sample of African American women seeking medical care at a large, urban hospital (n = 138). Results from bivariate correlational analyses revealed that partner violence was related to lower perceived social support and greater psychological distress, and lower social support was related to more distress. Furthermore, findings based on path analysis indicated that low levels of social support helped account for battered women's increased distress. Findings point to the need for service providers to screen for partner violence in nontraditional sites, such as hospital emergency rooms, and to address the role of social support resources in preventive interventions with African American battered women. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Thompson, MP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Boford Highway NE,Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Puett, Robin/A-4449-2012 NR 55 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0562 J9 AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL JI Am. J. Community Psychol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 127 EP 143 DI 10.1023/A:1005198514704 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Social Work GA 312HM UT WOS:000086937600006 PM 10824277 ER PT J AU Tan-Wilhelm, D Witte, K Liu, WY Newman, LS Janssen, A Ellison, C Yancey, A Sanderson, W Henneberger, PK AF Tan-Wilhelm, D Witte, K Liu, WY Newman, LS Janssen, A Ellison, C Yancey, A Sanderson, W Henneberger, PK TI Impact of a worker notification program: Assessment of attitudinal and behavioral outcomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE worker notification; beryllium; communication theory; program evaluation; attitudes; health behavior ID HIGH-RISK NOTIFICATION; PARALLEL PROCESS MODEL; EXPOSED WORKERS; BLADDER-CANCER; DISEASE; HEALTH; COMMUNICATION; BERYLLIUM; ISSUES AB Background Hundreds of worker notification programs are conducted each year to communicate occupational risks to workers. However few attempts have been made to evaluate their. effectiveness and few have described how communication theories are applied in developing notification messages. We developed and assessed the effectiveness of a worker notification program at a beryllium machining plant. Methods Ne compared self-protective attitudinal and behavioral responses among workers in two plants: (1) an intervention plant that received beryllium risk notification and (2) a matched control plant that did not receive notification. Results Workers receiving notification reported significantly stronger perceptions of threat and efficacy, more positive attitudes toward safety practices, and engaged in more protective behaviors than the workers at the control plant. Conclusions This study demonstrates the utility of applying communication theories in the development of notification messages and the results suggest that mass presentations may be just as effective, if not more so, than one-on-one notifications. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Commun, E Lansing, MI 48864 USA. Shin Hsin Univ, Dept Speech Commun, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Med & Prevent Med Biometr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Tan-Wilhelm, D (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. FU PHS HHS [U60/CCU812221-02] NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 2 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(200002)37:2<205::AID-AJIM6>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 271KX UT WOS:000084593700006 PM 10615101 ER PT J AU Prosser, LA Koplan, JP Neumann, PJ Weinstein, MC AF Prosser, LA Koplan, JP Neumann, PJ Weinstein, MC TI Barriers to using cost-effectiveness analysis in managed care decision making SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; ORGANIZATION; RECOMMENDATIONS; MEDICINE; OREGON AB Managed care organizations would appear to be natural advocates for, and users of, cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) as a tool for maximizing health outcomes for their covered populations within fixed budgets. There is, however, little evidence that CEA plays a major role in managed care decision making. The purpose of this paper is to identify barriers to both conducting and using CEA in managed care decision making. Lack of understanding about the value and applicability of CEA, and incentives that do not align with a lifetime perspective on either health outcomes or costs may be at least as important as perceived or real methodological limitations of the methodology. Research focused on ways to overcome these barriers, and thereby improve resource allocations, is recommended. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Risk Anal, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weinstein, MC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Risk Anal, 718 Huntington Ave,2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD FEB PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 173 EP 179 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 285CW UT WOS:000085372700001 PM 10977418 ER PT J AU Adam, E Berkova, Z Daxnerova, Z Icenogle, J Reeves, WC Kaufman, RH AF Adam, E Berkova, Z Daxnerova, Z Icenogle, J Reeves, WC Kaufman, RH TI Papillomavirus detection: Demographic and behavioral characteristics influencing the identification of cervical disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; human papillomavirus; polymerase chain reaction; risk factors; screening ID SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; YOUNG-WOMEN; LOW-GRADE; NEOPLASIA; INFECTION; CANCER; RISK; DNA AB OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess the association between detection of high-risk types of human papillomavirus and various demographic and behavioral characteristics and to further relate this association to cervical histopathologic findings. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 1007 patients with a Papanicolaou test result reported as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or with 2 results reported as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion were referred from city and county clinics to a colposcopic clinic. All women had a cervical smear obtained, underwent colposcopically directed biopsy and endocervical curettage, and had a specimen taken for human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid detection by polymerase chain reaction. Demographic information was obtained from each patient. RESULTS: Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid was identified in 655 (66%) of the specimens. High-risk human papillomavirus types (16, 18, 31, 33, and 35) were detected in 463 (70.7%) of these specimens. The prevalence of evidence of human papillomavirus (koilocytosis) and grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in the biopsy specimen decreased significantly with age, whereas the prevalence of grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in the biopsy specimen increased with age. There was a significant age-dependent decreasing trend in detection of high-risk human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid among women who had human papillomavirus-associated changes,grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in the biopsy specimen. The prevalences of high-risk human papillomavirus among patients with grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were similar, and both were significantly higher than among women with no evidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or koilocytosis in the biopsy specimen. Risk factors associated with grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were different from those associated with human papillomavirus-associated changes and with grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. CONCLUSION: The detection of high-risk human papillomavirus was age-dependent for all histologic categories. Patients with grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia had a prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus that was similar to that among women with grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia but significantly higher than that among women whose biopsy specimens appeared normal or demonstrated only the presence of human papillomavirus-induced changes (koilocytosis). This suggests that separation of human papillomavirus-associated changes only from grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia may be of significance in tissue diagnosis. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Div Mol Virol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kaufman, RH (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 6550 Fannin,Suite 701, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-92-0537] NR 38 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 4 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 182 IS 2 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(00)70208-0 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 288UJ UT WOS:000085582600001 PM 10694321 ER PT J AU Tao, GY Irwin, KL Kassler, WJ AF Tao, GY Irwin, KL Kassler, WJ TI Missed opportunities to assess sexually transmitted diseases in US adults during routine medical checkups SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE routine checkup; sexually transmitted disease; counseling ID CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES; PRIMARY-CARE; HEALTH PROMOTION; PHYSICIANS; DELIVERY; VIRUS AB Objectives: Methods: Results: Conclusions: Although sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) cause tremendous health and economic burdens in our society, awareness and knowledge regarding STDs remain poor among health care providers. To examine missed opportunities for STD-related counseling, diagnosis and treatment, we investigated how frequently U.S. adults reported being asked about STDs by their health care providers during routine checkups. Methods: We analyzed the responses of 3390 adults aged 18-64 who reported having a routine checkup during the past year in the 1994 U.S. National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative survey. We used a logistic model to determine factors that were independently associated with the likelihood of being asked about STDs during the checkup. Results: Only 28% (+/-0.9%) of respondents reported being asked about STDs during their last routine checkup. Persons were significantly more likely (p < 0.05) to be asked about STDs if they were aged under 45, male, single, had a household income under the federal poverty level, or were insured by a health maintenance organization, public coverage or by no plan rather than by a fee-for-service arrangement. Conclusions: Only about one quarter of U.S. adults reported being asked about STDs during routine checkups. Routine checkups in which these issues are not discussed may represent missed opportunities for STD prevention. Persons presenting for routine care can be counseled, screened and, if infected, can be treated. Interventions are needed at the patient, provider, and community levels to increase the opportunities to assess STD risk, to counsel, to diagnose, and to treat infections during routine checkups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tao, GY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 18 IS 2 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00139-7 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 279PZ UT WOS:000085055500002 PM 10698240 ER PT J AU Krieger, JW Castorina, JS Walls, ML Weaver, MR Ciske, S AF Krieger, JW Castorina, JS Walls, ML Weaver, MR Ciske, S TI Increasing influenza and pneumococcal immunization rates: A randomized controlled study of a senior center-based intervention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccine; bacterial vaccines; Streptococcus pneumoniae; immunization programs; preventive health services; community-based studies; comparative studies ID HIGH-RISK PATIENTS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ELDERLY PERSONS; UNITED-STATES; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; POSTCARD REMINDERS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; COMMUNITY AB Background: Immunizations decrease morbidity from influenza and pneumococcal infections. Immunization levels remain below desired levels despite clinic-based and public education efforts. This paper describes a randomized, controlled trial of a senior center-based program, which used peer-to-peer outreach to increase pneumococcal and influenza immunization rates among an urban senior population. Methods: Seniors were randomized to intervention or control groups. The intervention group received educational brochures mailed with reply cards to report immunization status, telephone calls from senior volunteers to unimmunized participants, and computerized immunization tracking. Immunization rates were obtained before and after the intervention by self-report. Results: Among participants without prior pneumococcal immunization, the pneumococcal immunization rate among the intervention group (52.0%; 95% CI = 46.6%-57.4%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (30.9%; 95% CI = 26.6%-35.2%) (rate ratio = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.40-2.03). Among those without influenza immunization in the prior year, significantly more (50.0%; 95% CI = 40.0%-60.0%) were immunized against influenza in the intervention group than in the control group (23.0%; 95% CI = 15.2%-33.3%) (rate ratio = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.42-3.31). Among those with influenza immunization in the prior year, the rate ratio was 1.04 (95% CI = 1.01-1.07). Conclusions: The intervention increased both influenza and pneumococcal immunization rates to high levels, suggesting that further progress in increasing adult immunization coverage is possible. C1 Seattle Partners Healthy Communities Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Cent Area Senior Ctr, Senior Serv King Cty, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychosocial Nursing & Community Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NE Hlth Care Qual Fdn, Dover, NH USA. RP Krieger, JW (reprint author), 999 3rd Ave,Suite 1200-EPE, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RI Kim, Hyung Woo /G-7525-2011 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU011820-02] NR 78 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 18 IS 2 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00134-8 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 279PZ UT WOS:000085055500004 PM 10698242 ER PT J AU Dini, EF Linkins, RW Sigafoos, J AF Dini, EF Linkins, RW Sigafoos, J TI The impact of computer-generated messages on childhood immunization coverage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE computer systems; parents; reminder systems (communication, information science); immunization (schedule) ID TELEPHONE MESSAGES; CHILDREN; REMINDERS; CLINICS; VISITS AB Introduction: Recent evaluations of computer-generated reminder/recall messages have suggested that they are an inexpensive, labor-saving method of improving office visitation rates of childhood immunization providers. This study assesses the sustained impact of computer-generated messages on immunization coverage during the first two years of life. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: County health department in the Denver metropolitan area. Study Participants: Children ( n 1227) 60 to 90 days of age who had received the first dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and/or poliovirus vaccines. Intervention: Households of children were randomized into four groups to receive: telephone messages followed by letters (Group A); telephone messages alone (Croup B); letters only (Group C); or no notification (Group D). Households in the intervention groups (A, B, and C) received up to five computer-generated telephone messages and/or up to four letters each time their children became due for immunization(s). Main Outcome Measure: Immunization series completion at 24 months of age. Results: Children whose families were randomized to receive any of the interventions were 21% more likely to have completed the immunization series by 24 months of age than were children randomized into the control group (49.2% vs 40.9%; RR [rate ratio] = .21; CI [confidence interval] = 1.01, 1.44). While not statistically significant, children in Group A were 23% more likely to complete their immunization series by 24 months of age than those in the control group (50.2% vs 40.9%; RR = 1.23; CI = 1.00, 1.52). No differences were detected among the intervention groups. The costs per additional child completing the series by 24 months of age in Group A was $226 ($79 after start-up costs were discounted). Conclusion: Computer-generated contacts, either by phone or by mail (or both combined), used each time vaccines become due, are efficacious in increasing immunization coverage of children under 2 years of age. (C) 2000 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Tricty Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. RP Dini, EF (reprint author), 1983 Oakleaf Lane, Lithia Springs, GA 30122 USA. FU PHS HHS [H23/CCH804435] NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 18 IS 2 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00086-0 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 279PZ UT WOS:000085055500005 PM 10698243 ER PT J AU Kolasa, MS Desai, SN Bisgard, KM Dibling, K Prevots, DR AF Kolasa, MS Desai, SN Bisgard, KM Dibling, K Prevots, DR TI Impact of the sequential poliovirus immunization schedule: A demonstration project SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE poliovirus; immunization; immunization schedule; inactivated vaccines ID CHILDHOOD VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; PHYSICIAN AB Objective: Researchers for this pi-eject evaluated compliance with the sequential poliovirus immunization schedule that uses inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) for the first 2 doses of the polio immunization series, and assessed immunization coverage rates before and after implementation of this schedule at 6 public health clinics serving I county in Georgia. Design: Immunization histories for 3 birth cohorts of infants were compared: (1) the baseline cohort, born January 1 through June 30, 1995; (2) the evaluation cohort, born January 1 through June 30, 1997, after implementation of the schedule change; and (3) the dose-3 cohort, born August 1 through November 30, 1996 (i.e., old enough to be eligible for a third dose of poliovirus vaccine following implementation of the sequential schedule). Results: Following implementation of the new poliovirus immunization recommendations, 94% (534 of 567) of infants who received their first dose of poliovirus vaccine by age 3 months received IPV. Among these infants, 99.6% (532 of 534) were also up to date (UTD) for first doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTP1/DTaP1), 99.6% (532 of 534) were UTD for first doses of hemophilus influenza type b (Hib I), and 98.6% (527 of 534) had received at least one dose of Hepatitis B. Among infants visiting the clinics for their first or second dose of poliovirus vaccine, DTaP/DTP, and/or Hib, 76% received 3 or 4 simultaneous injections. In the dose-3 cohort, 78% (145 of 185) of infants who received a third dose of poliovirus vaccine had received 2 doses of IPV and I dose of oral poliovirus vaccine. Conclusions: Compliance with the recommended use of IPV for the first 2 poliovirus immunization doses as part of the sequential schedule was very high ill this low-income and ethnically diverse population. Furthermore, the need for additional injections did not impede the delivery of recommended childhood immunizations. (C) 2000 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Cobb Cty Hlth Dept, Cobb Cty, GA USA. RP Kolasa, MS (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 18 IS 2 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00132-4 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 279PZ UT WOS:000085055500006 PM 10698244 ER PT J AU Goodwin, MM Petersen, R Kowal, D Koenig, LJ Saltzman, LE Spitz, AM AF Goodwin, MM Petersen, R Kowal, D Koenig, LJ Saltzman, LE Spitz, AM TI Highlights of national conference on violence and reproductive health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Cecil G Sheps Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Goodwin, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, MS K-35,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 18 IS 2 BP 186 EP 187 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00147-6 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 279PZ UT WOS:000085055500017 PM 10698255 ER PT J AU Schuchat, A AF Schuchat, A TI Microbes without borders: Infectious disease, public health, and the journal SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID IDENTIFICATION; OUTBREAK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2000 VL 90 IS 2 BP 181 EP 183 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.2.181 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 278QA UT WOS:000084999400002 PM 10667174 ER PT J AU Lauby, JL Smith, PJ Stark, M Person, B Adams, J AF Lauby, JL Smith, PJ Stark, M Person, B Adams, J TI A community-level HIV prevention intervention for inner-city women: Results of the women and infants demonstration projects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; BLACK-ADOLESCENT WOMEN; INCREASING CONDOM-USE; RISK BEHAVIOR; USE INTENTIONS; SELF-EFFICACY; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; PARTNERS; TRIALS AB Objectives. This study examined the effects of a multisite community-level HIV prevention intervention on women's condom-use behaviors. Methods. The theory-based behavioral intervention was implemented with low-income, primarily African American women in 4 urban communities. It was evaluated with data from pre- and postintervention cross-sectional surveys in matched intervention rind comnanson communities. Results. At baseline, 68% of the women had no intention of using condoms with their main partners and 70% were not using condoms consistently with other partners. After 2 years of intervention activities, increases in rates of talking with main partners about condoms were significantly larger in intervention communities than in comparison communities (P = .03). Intervention communities also had significant increases in the proportion of women who had tried to get their main partners to use condoms (P = .01). The trends for condom use with other partners were similar but nonsignificant. Conclusions, Many women at risk for HIV infection are still not using condoms. Community-level interventions may be an effective way to reach large numbers of women and change their condom-use behaviors, particularly their behaviors with regard to communication with main sex partners. C1 Philadelphia Hlth Management Corp, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Multnomah Cty Hlth Dept, Portland, OR USA. Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. Family Hlth Council Inc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Lauby, JL (reprint author), Philadelphia Hlth Management Corp, 260 S Broad St,18th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. NR 46 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2000 VL 90 IS 2 BP 216 EP 222 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.2.216 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 278QA UT WOS:000084999400010 PM 10667182 ER PT J AU Feikin, DR Schuchat, A Kolczak, M Barrett, NL Harrison, LH Lefkowitz, L McGreer, A Farley, MM Vugia, DJ Lexau, C Stefonek, KR Patterson, JE Jorgensen, JH AF Feikin, DR Schuchat, A Kolczak, M Barrett, NL Harrison, LH Lefkowitz, L McGreer, A Farley, MM Vugia, DJ Lexau, C Stefonek, KR Patterson, JE Jorgensen, JH TI Mortality from invasive pneumococcal pneumonia in the era of antibiotic resistance, 1995-1997 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 07-16, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; BACTEREMIA; ADULTS; DISEASE AB Objectives. This study examined epidemiologic factors affecting mortality from pneumococcal pneumonia in 1995 through 1997. Methods. Persons residing in a surveillance area who had community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from a sterile site were included in the analysis. Factors affecting mortality were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses. The number of deaths from pneumococcal pneumonia requiring hospitalization in the United States in 1996 was estimated. Results. Of 5837 cases, 12% were fatal. Increased mortality was associated with older age, underlying disease, Asian race, and residence in Toronto/Peel, Ontario. When these factors were controlled for, increased mortality was not associated with resistance to penicillin or cefotaxime. However, when deaths during the first 4 hospital days were excluded, mortality was significantly associated with penicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4.0 or higher and cefotaxime minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2.0 or higher. In 2996, about 7000 to 12500 deaths occurred in the United States from pneumococcal pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Conclusions. Older age and underlying disease remain the most important factors influencing death from pneumococcal pneumonia. Mortality was not elevated in most infections with beta-lactam-resistant pneumococci. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biostat Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidmiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Oregon State Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI McGeer, Allison/0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 50 TC 382 Z9 405 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2000 VL 90 IS 2 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.2.223 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 278QA UT WOS:000084999400011 PM 10667183 ER PT J AU Kogan, MD Overpeck, MD Hoffman, HJ Casselbrant, ML AF Kogan, MD Overpeck, MD Hoffman, HJ Casselbrant, ML TI Factors associated with tympanostomy tube insertion among preschool-aged children in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; MIDDLE-EAR DISEASE; HEALTH-INSURANCE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RISK-FACTORS; CARE; EFFUSION; APPROPRIATENESS; PREVALENCE AB Objective. Recurrent and persistent otitis media is often treated by tympanostomy tube insertion to ventilation the middle ear and restore hearing. This study examined the factors that predict which children are most likely to receive tympanostomy tubes through 3 years of age. Methods. Multiple logistic regression was conducted on data from a nationally representative sample of children (N = 8285). Results. By 3 years of age 6.8% of US children has tubes inserted. Logistic regression indicated that after control for number of ear infections, children without any gaps in health insurance, who attended a day-care center, who were White, whose birth-weight was less than 1500 g, who lived in the Midwest or South were significantly more likely to have tympanostomy tubes. Conclusions. These data suggest that differences exist as to who receives tubes. Of particular concern are differences by race/ethnicity and continuity of health care coverage. With expansions in health care coverage to larger proportions of uninsured children, it will be important to monitor these programs to ensure that all children who may need tympanostomy tubes have access to them. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDOCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat Otolaryngol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Kogan, MD (reprint author), Maternal & Child Hlth Bur, US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, 5600 Fishers Ln,Room 18A-55, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 46 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2000 VL 90 IS 2 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.2.245 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 278QA UT WOS:000084999400014 PM 10667186 ER EF