FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hebert, PR Reed, G Entman, SS Mitchel, EF Berg, C Griffin, MR AF Hebert, PR Reed, G Entman, SS Mitchel, EF Berg, C Griffin, MR TI Serious maternal morbidity after childbirth: Prolonged hospital stays and readmissions SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRENATAL-CARE; PREGNANCY; TENNESSEE AB Objective: To determine the frequency of and risk factors for serious morbidity resulting in a prolonged hospital stay or readmission among women enrolled in Tennessee's Medicaid program who delivered live or dead infants in 1991. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 33,251 women of white or black ethnicity. Main outcome measures included childbirth-related medical conditions serious enough to result in death, prolonged delivery hospitalization, or readmission within 60 days of delivery. Results: Among 25,810 women with vaginal (78%) and 7441 (22%) women with cesarean deliveries, 2.6% and 8.9%, respectively, had at least one childbirth-related medical condition requiring prolonged delivery hospitalization or readmission, including infection (1.8% and 7.9%), hypertension-related complications (0.7% and 2.0%), or hemorrhage (0.5% and 2.4%). After controlling for other risk factors, maternal age over 32 years was independently associated with increased rate of serious morbidity among women who had vaginal (relative risk [RR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 2.7) or cesarean deliveries (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1, 2.2). black women had approximately twice the late of maternal morbidity with vaginal (RR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5, 2.4) or cesarean deliveries (RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.9, 2.9). Primiparous women who had vaginal or cesarean deliveries had a 60% (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3, 2.0) and 70% (RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4, 2.0), respectively, greater risk of serious maternal morbidity than women with 1-3 prior births. Conclusion: Predictors of serious maternal morbidity included age over 32 years, black ethnicity, and primiparity. (Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:942-7. (C) 1999 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Med Ctr N A1129, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hebert, PR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Med Ctr N A1129, Dept Prevent Med, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU 300860] NR 13 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 94 IS 6 BP 942 EP 947 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00419-6 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 257QJ UT WOS:000083792800008 PM 10576180 ER PT J AU Miller, MA Wenger, J Rosenstein, N Perkins, B AF Miller, MA Wenger, J Rosenstein, N Perkins, B TI Evaluation of meningococcal meningitis vaccination strategies for the meningitis belt in Africa SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE meningococcal meningitis; vaccine; prevention; Africa; cost effectiveness ID MASS VACCINATION; EPIDEMIC; AGE AB Background. Although the meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine has contributed to the control of Group A meningitis in the "meningitis belt" of Africa, recurrent large outbreaks have led to questions regarding vaccination strategy, We evaluated current and hypothetical vaccination strategies for the region, Methods. ih model was formulated to analyze the effectiveness and costs of vaccine campaigns in response to outbreaks based on 7 years of weekly incidence data from Burkina Faso, Additional models analyzed the potential impact and costs of either a 1- or 4-dose routine scheduled delivery of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine-based on data reported to the World Health Organization from 16 countries during 1948 through 1996, Vaccine efficacy, vaccination coverage and economic data from literature reviews provided model assumptions, Results. For Burkina Faso neither 1- nor 4-dose vaccination schedules would prevent >30% of meningitis cases compared with the 42% prevented through an outbreak response program of vaccinating districts, which reach an incidence of 15 per 100 000 persons for 2 weeks. For the entire meningitis belt, routine coverage with the 1- or 4-dose schedule meningococcal vaccine would require 4.9 and 19.6 million doses annually, respectively, for an annual net cost of $4.4 to $12.3 million and prevent an average 10 300 to 12 600 cases (23 to 28%), assuming a long term vaccine efficacy of 50%, In addition an initial "catch-up" campaign costing up to $72 million to vaccinate the population from 1 to 30 years of age would be required before achieving that level of effectiveness, Conclusion. Given the relatively poor routine vaccination coverage in this region, current strategies of vaccination campaigns that achieve higher coverage would generally be more effective and less costly than the modeled routine scheduled programs, assuming that campaigns can be rapidly implemented. Until a better vaccine is available, countries in this region would be more efficient in improving the response times to outbreaks, perhaps through improved surveillance, and in bolstering existing vaccination infrastructures rather than embarking on strategies of questionable effectiveness. C1 Childrens Vaccine Initiat, Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Miller, MA (reprint author), NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 31,Room B2CO2, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1051 EP 1059 DI 10.1097/00006454-199912000-00005 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 263TR UT WOS:000084141800004 PM 10608623 ER PT J AU Levine, OS Lagos, R Munoz, A Villaroel, J Alvarez, AM Abrego, P Levine, MM AF Levine, OS Lagos, R Munoz, A Villaroel, J Alvarez, AM Abrego, P Levine, MM TI Defining the burden of pneumonia in children preventable by vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus influenzae; vaccine; pneumonia; epidemiology ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; CONJUGATE VACCINE; PRP-T; EFFICACY; DIAGNOSIS; INFANTS; POLYSACCHARIDE; MENINGITIS; DISEASE; TRIAL AB Objectives. To determine the burden of pneumonia requiring hospitalization in infants and young children preventable by vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Design, Vaccination centers in Santiago, Chile, were randomly selected to administer PRP-T, an Hib conjugate vaccine, combined with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis (DTP) vaccine or DTP alone. Subjects. Infants who received greater than or equal to 2 doses of DTP or DTP and Hib conjugate vaccine combined, Main outcome measures. Pneumonia episodes leading to hospitalization accompanied by indicators of likely bacterial infection including radiologic evidence of alveolar consolidation or pleural effusion, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (greater than or equal to 40 mm/h) or bronchial breath sounds on auscultation, Results, In participants age 4 to 23 months, PRP-T reduced the incidence of pneumonia associated with alveolar consolidation or pleural effusion by 22% (95% confidence interval, -7 to 43) from 5.0 to 3.9 episodes per 1000 children per year. When the pneumonia case definition included any of the following, alveolar consolidation, pleural effusion, erythrocyte sedimentation rate greater than or equal to 40 mm/h or bronchial breath sounds, PRP-T provided 26% protection (95% confidence interval, 7 to 44) and prevented 2.5 episodes per 1000 children per year, Conclusions. Hib vaccine provides substantial protection against nonbacteremic pneumonia, particularly those cases with alveolar consolidation, pleural effusion or other signs of likely bacterial infection. Hib vaccination prevented similar to 5 times as many nonbacteremic pneumonia cases in infants as meningitis cases, thus indicating that the largest part of the effect of Hib vaccination might be undetectable by routine culture methods. C1 CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Vacunas Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile. Hosp Roberto Del Rio, Serv Salud Metropolitano, Santiago, Chile. Hosp Clin Felix Bulnes, Serv Salud Metropolitano, Area Occidente, Santiago, Chile. Hosp San Juan Dios, Serv Salud Metropolitano, Area Occidente, Santiago, Chile. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Levine, OS (reprint author), CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-45251, U01-AI-35948] NR 22 TC 90 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1060 EP 1064 DI 10.1097/00006454-199912000-00006 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 263TR UT WOS:000084141800005 PM 10608624 ER PT J AU Dworkin, MS Shoemaker, PC Spitters, C Cent, A Hobson, AC Vieira, J Corey, L Frumkin, LR AF Dworkin, MS Shoemaker, PC Spitters, C Cent, A Hobson, AC Vieira, J Corey, L Frumkin, LR TI Endemic spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 among adolescent wrestlers and their coaches SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE herpes simplex virus; wrestling; sports; herpes gladiatorum ID GLADIATORUM; OUTBREAK C1 Ctr Dis Control, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Sect Communicable Dis Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Sect Communicable Dis Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Snohomish Hlth Dist, Everett, WA USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Infect Dis, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Infect Dis, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. ICOS Corp, Bothell, WA USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Sect Communicable Dis Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1108 EP 1109 DI 10.1097/00006454-199912000-00020 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 263TR UT WOS:000084141800019 PM 10608638 ER PT J AU Guyer, B Hoyert, DL Martin, JA Ventura, SJ MacDorman, MF Strobino, DM AF Guyer, B Hoyert, DL Martin, JA Ventura, SJ MacDorman, MF Strobino, DM TI Annual summary of vital statistics - 1998 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth; birth weight-specific mortality; death; infant mortality; low birth weight; mortality; multiple births; regionalization; vital statistics ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; INFANT SLEEP POSITION; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; MATERNAL SMOKING; DEATH-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN; CARE; REGIONALIZATION AB Most vital statistics indicators of the health of Americans were stable or showed modest improvements between 1997 and 1998. The preliminary birth rate in 1998 was 14.6 births per 1000 population, up slightly from the record low reported for 1997 (14.5). The fertility rate, births per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years, increased 1% to 65.6 in 1998, compared with 65.0 in 1997. The 1998 increases, although modest, were the first since 1990, halting the steady decline in the number of births and birth and fertility rates in the 1990s. Fertility rates for total white, non-Hispanic white, and Native American women each increased from 1% to 2% in 1998. The fertility rate for black women declined 19% from 1990 to 1996, but has changed little since 1996. The rate for Hispanic women, which dropped 2%, was lower than in any year for which national data have been available. Birth rates for women 30 years or older continued to increase. The proportion of births to unmarried women remained about the same at one third. The birth rate for teen mothers declined again for the seventh consecutive year, and the use of timely prenatal care (82.8%) improved for the ninth consecutive year, especially for black (73.3%) and Hispanic (74.3%) mothers. The number and rate of multiple births continued their dramatic rise; the number of triplet and higher-order multiple births jumped 16% between 1996 and 1997, accounting, in part, for the slight increase in the percentage of low birth weight (LBW) births. LBW continued to increase from 1997 to 1998 to 7.6%. The infant mortality rate (IMR) was unchanged from 1997 to 1998 (7.2 per 1000 live births). The ratio of the IMR among black infants to that for white infants (2.4) remained the same in 1998 as in 1997. Racial differences in infant mortality remain a major public health concern. In 1997, 65% of all infant deaths occurred to the 7.5% of infants born LBW. Among all of the states, Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire had the lowest IMRs. State-by-state differences in IMR reflect racial composition, the percentage LBW, and birth weight-specific neonatal mortality rate for each state. The United States continues to rank poorly in international comparisons of infant mortality. Expectation of life at birth increased slightly to 76.7 years for all gender and race groups combined. Death rates in the United States continue to decline, including a drop in mortality from human immunodeficiency virus. The age-adjusted death rate for suicide declined 6% in 1998; homicide declined 14%. Death rates for children from all major causes declined again in 1998. A large proportion of childhood deaths, however, continue to occur as a result of preventable injuries. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Guyer, B (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 50 TC 190 Z9 195 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1999 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1229 EP 1246 DI 10.1542/peds.104.6.1229 PG 18 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 262LP UT WOS:000084069000001 PM 10585972 ER PT J AU Watson, RL Dowell, SF Jayaraman, M Keyserling, H Kolczak, M Schwartz, B AF Watson, RL Dowell, SF Jayaraman, M Keyserling, H Kolczak, M Schwartz, B TI Antimicrobial use for pediatric upper respiratory infections: Reported practice, actual practice, and parent beliefs SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial use; otitis media; sinusitus; bronchitis; pharyngitis ID ACUTE MAXILLARY SINUSITIS; OFFICE-BASED PHYSICIANS; JUDICIOUS USE; ACUTE BRONCHITIS; COMMON COLD; CHILDREN; ANTIBIOTICS; AGENTS; PRINCIPLES; PNEUMONIAE AB Background. In response to the dramatic emergence of resistant pneumococci, more judicious use of antibiotics has been advocated. Physician beliefs, their prescribing practices, and the attitudes of patients have been evaluated previously in separate studies. Methods. This 3-part study included a statewide mailed survey, office chart reviews, and parent telephone interviews. We compared survey responses of 366 licensed pediatricians and family physicians in Georgia to recently published recommendations on diagnosis and treatment of upper respiratory infections (URIs). We further evaluated 25 randomly selected pediatricians from 119 surveyed in the Atlanta metropolitan area. For each, charts from the first 30 patients between the ages of 12 and 72 months seen on a randomly selected date were reviewed for encounters during the preceding year. A sample of parents from each practice were interviewed by telephone. Results. In the survey, physicians agreed that overuse of antibiotics is a major factor contributing to the development of antibiotic resistance (97%), and that they should consider selective pressure for resistance in their decisions on providing antibiotic treatment for URIs in children in their practices (83%). However, many reported practices do not conform to the recently published principles for judicious antibiotic use. For example, 69% of physicians considered purulent rhinitis a diagnostic finding for sinusitis; 86% prescribed antibiotics for bronchitis regardless of the duration of cough; and 42% prescribed antibiotics for the common cold. Reported practices by family physicians were more often at odds with the published principles: they were significantly more likely than pediatricians to omit pneumatic otoscopy (46% vs 25%); to omit the requirement for prolonged symptoms to diagnose sinusitis (median 4 vs 10 days); and to omit laboratory testing for pharyngitis (27% vs 14%). Of the 7531 encounters analyzed in the chart review, 43% resulted in an antibiotic prescription, including 11% of checkups, 18% of telephone calls, and 72% of visits for URIs. There was wide variability in the overall antibiotic use rates among the 25 physicians (1-10 courses per child per year). There was an even wider variability in some diagnosis-specific rates; bronchitis and sinusitis in particular. Those with the highest antibiotic prescribing rates had up to 30% more return office visits. Physicians who prescribed antibiotics for purulent rhinitis were more likely to see parents who believed that their children should be evaluated for cold symptoms. Conclusions. Physicians recognize the problem of antibiotic resistance but their reported practices are not in line with recently published recommendations for most pediatric URIs. The actual prescribing practices of pediatricians are often considerably different from their close colleagues. Patient beliefs are correlated with their own physician's practices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 127 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1999 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1251 EP 1257 DI 10.1542/peds.104.6.1251 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 262LP UT WOS:000084069000003 PM 10585974 ER PT J AU Ebrahim, SH Anderson, AL Floyd, RL AF Ebrahim, SH Anderson, AL Floyd, RL TI Alcohol consumption by reproductive-aged women in the USA: an update on assessment, burden and prevention in the 1990s SO PRENATAL AND NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE alcohol; women; USA; 1990s; update ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; PREGNANT-WOMEN; CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; NEWBORN-INFANTS; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-CANCER; RISK-DRINKING; FOLLOW-UP AB Because of alcohol's effects on maternal, fetal and child health, the public health implications of alcohol abuse by women are potentially greater than those of alcohol abuse by men. This report provides a summary of developments in the field of alcohol use and women's health in the 1990s. During the 1990s, the prevalence of alcohol consumption, including binge drinking, appears to have increased among pregnant women, whereas there was little change among non-pregnant women of childbearing age. The prevalence of alcohol use among women under 21 years of age, for whom alcohol should be inaccessible, is equal to or greater than that in older age groups. Adverse effects have been detected among pregnant women who consume more than three drinks per week on average. Alcohol may impair fertility and increase the risk for breast cancer. The national burden from all effects of alcohol on women's health has not been assessed. The available brief screening instruments to detect alcohol use do not detect moderate alcohol consumption or binge drinking by pregnant women. Brief primary care clinic-based behavioral interventions and some medications have been shown to decrease alcohol use and subsequent problems among women who are problem drinkers. To prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancies, researchers need to study the feasibility of these interventions for pregnant women including moderate drinkers, as well as interventions that enhance the use of contraception among women who misuse alcohol and are at risk for pregnancy. Attempts to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies should begin prior to conception. Primary care providers for women, including obstetricians, general practitioners, family planning advisers and school health-care providers can play an important role in the prevention of all adverse effects of alcohol consumption by women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ebrahim, SH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS-K55,4770 Buford Hway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 79 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP PI CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE LA6 2LA, ENGLAND SN 1359-8635 J9 PRENAT NEONAT MED JI Prenat. Neonatal Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 4 IS 6 BP 419 EP 430 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 286WQ UT WOS:000085472200001 ER PT J AU Honein, MA Paulozzi, LJ Cragan, JD Correa, A AF Honein, MA Paulozzi, LJ Cragan, JD Correa, A TI Evaluation of selected characteristics of pregnancy drug registries SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BIRTH-DEFECTS; MALFORMATIONS; SURVEILLANCE; SYSTEMS AB Given that half of U.S. pregnancies are unintended and some prescription drugs are frequently used by reproductive-age women, there is an increasing interest in establishing pregnancy registries to monitor fetal exposures and pregnancy outcomes. Physicians report prenatal exposures and pregnancy outcomes, including birth defects, to these registries. We compared pooled data from four pregnancy registries with data from a population-based birth defects surveillance system, the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP); specifically we compared the defect prevalence by organ system and severity, the number of defects per baby, and timeliness. We also compared the number of zidovudine exposures identified by a registry to the number identified by 29 states with HIV surveillance. The registries' overall defect prevalence (41/1471, 2.7%) was slightly lower than MACDP (6157/195642, 3.2%). The defect prevalence by organ system was Similar, except for genitourinary defects which had a lower prevalence in the registries than in MACDP (RR = 0.22; 95% Cl = 0.07,0.67). The prevalence of having an internal defect or severe defect reported was lower in the registries (RR = 0.75, 95% Cl = 0.53,1.06, and RR = 0.82, 95% Cl = 0.57,1.19, respectively). The mean number of defects identified per affected infant was 2.82 in MACDP and 1.68 in the registries. Both systems received 69% of defect reports by 6 months after birth. In similar 6-month periods, U.S. HIV surveillance identified 300 prenatal zidovudine exposures, while the registry received 134 worldwide reports. If registries improve their ascertainment of defects and exposed pregnancies, they will increase their chance of detecting signs of possible teratogenicity. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Office, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, NCEH, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Hwy,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD DEC PY 1999 VL 60 IS 6 BP 356 EP 364 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199912)60:6<356::AID-TERA8>3.0.CO;2-B PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 262DQ UT WOS:000084050700008 PM 10590397 ER PT J AU Barlow, S Kavlock, RJ Moore, JA Schantz, SL Sheehan, DM Shuey, DL Lary, JM AF Barlow, S Kavlock, RJ Moore, JA Schantz, SL Sheehan, DM Shuey, DL Lary, JM TI Teratology society public affairs committee position paper: Developmental toxicity of endocrine disruptors to humans SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DOSE-RESPONSE ANALYSIS; FALLING SPERM QUALITY; CD BR RATS; SEMEN QUALITY; BREAST-CANCER; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; IN-UTERO; 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Pediat Genet, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Inst Evaluat Hlth Risks, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Genet & Reprod Toxicol Div, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Dupont Pharmaceut Co, Stine Haskell Res Ctr, Newark, DE 19714 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Pediat Genet, MS F-45,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jm12@cdc.gov NR 126 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD DEC PY 1999 VL 60 IS 6 BP 365 EP 375 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199912)60:6<365::AID-TERA9>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 262DQ UT WOS:000084050700009 PM 10590398 ER PT J AU Asma, S Pederson, L AF Asma, S Pederson, L TI Tobacco control in Africa: opportunities for prevention SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Asma, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD WIN PY 1999 VL 8 IS 4 BP 353 EP 354 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 273TJ UT WOS:000084723300001 PM 10629230 ER PT J AU Moher, D Cook, DJ Eastwood, S Olkin, I Rennie, D Stroup, DF AF Moher, D Cook, DJ Eastwood, S Olkin, I Rennie, D Stroup, DF CA QUOROM Grp TI Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; HEALTH-CARE; COCHRANE-COLLABORATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE; CLINICAL RESEARCH; PUBLICATION BIAS; USERS GUIDES; METAANALYSIS; DECISIONS AB Background The Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses (QUOROM) conference was convened to address standards for improving the quality of reporting of meta-analyses of clinical randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Methods The QUOROM group consisted of 30 clinical epidemiologists, clinicians, statisticians, editors, and researchers. In conference, the group was asked to identify items they thought should be included in a checklist of standards. Whenever possible, checklist items were guided by research evidence suggesting that failure to adhere to the item proposed could lead to biased results. A modified Delphi technique was used in assessing candidate items. Findings The conference resulted in the QUOROM statement, a checklist, and a flow diagram. The checklist describes our preferred way to present the abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of a report of a metaanalysis. It is organised into 21 headings and subheadings regarding searches, selection, validity assessment, data abstraction, study characteristics, and quantitative data synthesis, and in the results with "trial flow", study characteristics, and quantitative data synthesis; research documentation was identified for eight of the 18 items. The flow diagram provides information about both the numbers of RCTs identified, included, and excluded and the reasons for exclusion of trials. Interpretation We hope this report will generate further thought about ways to improve the quality of reports of meta-analyses of RCTs and that interested readers, reviewers, researchers, and editors will use the QUOROM statement and generate ideas for its improvement. C1 Univ Ottawa, Thomas C Chalmers Ctr Systemat Reviews, Ottawa, ON, Canada. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. JAMA, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moher, D (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Thomas C Chalmers Ctr Systemat Reviews, Res Inst, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada. OI Moher , David /0000-0003-2434-4206 NR 49 TC 3042 Z9 3135 U1 9 U2 112 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 27 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9193 BP 1896 EP 1900 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04149-5 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 259TF UT WOS:000083909100044 PM 10584742 ER PT J AU Shaffer, N Van de Perre, P de Vincenzi, I Bertolli, J AF Shaffer, N Van de Perre, P de Vincenzi, I Bertolli, J TI Infant-feeding patterns and HIV-1 transmission SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OCCGE, Ctr Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. RP Shaffer, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008 OI Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 27 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9193 BP 1901 EP 1901 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)90207-6 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 259TF UT WOS:000083909100045 PM 10584743 ER PT J AU Allen, CC Albert, FG Combie, J Banin, A Yablekovitch, Y Kan, I Bodnar, RJ Hamilton, VE Jolliff, BL Kuebler, K Wang, A Lindstrom, DJ Morris, PA Morris, RV Murray, RW Nyquist, LE Simpson, PD Steele, A Symes, SJ AF Allen, CC Albert, FG Combie, J Banin, A Yablekovitch, Y Kan, I Bodnar, RJ Hamilton, VE Jolliff, BL Kuebler, K Wang, A Lindstrom, DJ Morris, PA Morris, RV Murray, RW Nyquist, LE Simpson, PD Steele, A Symes, SJ TI Effects of sterilizing doses of gamma radiation on Mars analog rocks and minerals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; ATMOSPHERE CONFINING PRESSURE; SYNTHETIC FLUID INCLUSIONS; DEINOCOCCUS RADIODURANS; METEORITES; QUARTZ; ENVIRONMENTS; PROTECTION; SURFACE; HISTORY AB Rock and soil samples from the planet Mars are due to be returned to Earth within a decade. Martian samples initially will be tested for evidence of life and biological hazard under strict biological containment. Wider distribution of samples for organic and inorganic analysis may occur only if neither evidence of life nor hazard is detected, or if the samples ate first sterilized. We subjected a range of Mars analog rocks and minerals to high doses of gamma radiation in order to determine the effects of gamma sterilization on the samples' isotopic, chemical, and physical properties. Gamma photons from Co-60 (1.17 and 1.33 MeV) in doses as high as 3 x 10(7) rads did not induce radioactivity in the samples and produced no measurable changes in their isotopic and chemical compositions. This level of irradiation also produced no measurable changes in the crystallographic structure of any sample, the surface areas of soil analogs, or the fluid inclusion homogenization temperature of quartz. The only detectable effects of irradiation were dose-dependent changes in the visible and near-infrared spectral region (e.g., discoloration and darkening of quartz and halite and an increase in albedo of carbonates) and increases in the thermoluminescence of quartz and plagioclase. If samples returned from Mars require biological sterilization, gamma irradiation provides a feasible option. C1 Lockheed Martin Space Operat, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Montana Biotech Corp, Belgrade, MT 59714 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Soil & Water Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Nat Sci, Houston, TX 77002 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Portsmouth, Portsmouth P01 2DT, Hants, England. RP Allen, CC (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Space Operat, 2400 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RI Bodnar, Robert/A-1916-2009 NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 25 PY 1999 VL 104 IS E11 BP 27043 EP 27066 DI 10.1029/1999JE001064 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 258NE UT WOS:000083844600005 ER PT J AU Johnson, S Samore, MH Farrow, KA Killgore, GE Tenover, FC Lyras, D Rood, JI DeGirolami, P Baltch, AL Rafferty, ME Pear, SM Gerding, DN AF Johnson, S Samore, MH Farrow, KA Killgore, GE Tenover, FC Lyras, D Rood, JI DeGirolami, P Baltch, AL Rafferty, ME Pear, SM Gerding, DN TI Epidemics of diarrhea caused by a clindamycin-resistant strain of Clostridium difficile in four hospitals. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERFRINGENS; LINCOSAMIDE; MACROLIDE; OUTBREAK; TETRACYCLINE; RESTRICTION; PLASMIDS; SEQUENCE; COLITIS; GENES AB Background: Large outbreaks of diarrhea caused by a newly recognized strain of Clostridium difficile occurred in four hospitals located in different parts of the United States between 1989 and 1992. Since frequent use of clindamycin was associated with the outbreak in one of the hospitals, we examined the resistance genes of the epidemic-strain isolates and studied the role of clindamycin use in these outbreaks. Methods: Case-control studies were performed at three of the four hospitals to assess the relation of the use of clindamycin to C. difficile-associated diarrhea. All isolates of the epidemic strain and representative isolates of other strains identified during each outbreak were tested for susceptibility to clindamycin. Chromosomal DNA from these representative isolates was also analyzed by dot blot hybridization and amplification with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the use of probes and primers from a previously described determinant of erythromycin resistance -- the erythromycin ribosomal methylase B (ermB) gene -- found in C. perfringens and C. difficile. Results: In a stratified analysis of the case-control studies with pooling of the results according to the Mantel-Haenszel method, we found that the use of clindamycin was significantly increased among patients with diarrhea due to the epidemic strain of C. difficile, as compared with patients whose diarrhea was due to nonepidemic strains (pooled odds ratio, 4.35; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.02 to 9.38; P<0.001). Exposure to other types of antibiotics or hospitalization in a surgical ward was not significantly associated with the risk of C. difficile-associated diarrhea due to the epidemic strain. All epidemic-strain isolates were highly resistant to clindamycin (minimal inhibitory concentration, >256 microg per milliliter). DNA hybridization and PCR analysis showed that all these isolates had an ermB gene, which encodes a 23S ribosomal RNA methylase that mediates resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin antibiotics. Only 15 percent of the nonepidemic strains were resistant to clindamycin. Conclusions: A strain of C. difficile that is highly resistant to clindamycin was responsible for large outbreaks of diarrhea in four hospitals in different states. The use of clindamycin is a specific risk factor for diarrhea due to this strain. Resistance to clindamycin further increases the risk of C. difficile-associated diarrhea, an established complication of antimicrobial use. (N Engl J Med 1999;341:1645-51.) (C) 1999, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Vet Affairs Chicago Hlth Care Syst, Lakeside Div, Med Serv, Dept Med,Infect Dis Sect, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Stratton Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Albany Med Coll, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Johnson, S (reprint author), Vet Affairs Chicago Hlth Care Syst, Lakeside Div, Med Serv, Dept Med,Infect Dis Sect, 333 E Huron, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RI Rood, Julian/A-4858-2008 OI Rood, Julian/0000-0003-2126-7209 NR 29 TC 207 Z9 213 U1 1 U2 10 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 25 PY 1999 VL 341 IS 22 BP 1645 EP 1651 DI 10.1056/NEJM199911253412203 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 258PL UT WOS:000083847500003 PM 10572152 ER PT J CA CDC TI Safer and healthier foods - 1900-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 905, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; PELLAGRA; EPIDEMIC; OBESITY C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. USDA, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NIH, Div Nutr Res Coordinat, Bethesda, MD USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 24 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 20 BP 1909 EP 1912 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 257BZ UT WOS:000083763400010 ER PT J AU Dowell, SF AF Dowell, SF TI The best treatment for pneumonia - New clues, but no definitive answers SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT; ADULTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 22 PY 1999 VL 159 IS 21 BP 2511 EP 2512 DI 10.1001/archinte.159.21.2511 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 257DJ UT WOS:000083766800001 PM 10573039 ER PT J AU Armstrong, GL Pinner, RW AF Armstrong, GL Pinner, RW TI Outpatient visits for infectious diseases in the united states, 1980 through 1996 SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO ID TRENDS AB Background: Recent studies have documented increases in infectious disease mortality and in the proportion of hospitalizations attributable to infectious diseases. To further evaluate trends in the burden of infectious diseases in the United States, we analyzed data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 1980 through 1996. Objective: To examine the epidemiology of and recent trends in outpatient visits for infectious diseases. Methods: Data were from a national probability sample of patient visits to office-based physicians. Diagnoses reported by the surveyed physicians were coded to indicate whether they were infectious or noninfectious. Infectious diseases were placed into 11 mutually exclusive categories. Results: During the course of the survey, infectious diseases accounted for 19.0% of visits to physicians, or an average of 129 million visits per year. The infectious disease visit rate was higher in females than in males (587 vs 461 per 1000 persons per year) and higher in non-Hispanic whites than in non-Hispanic blacks or Hispanics (538 vs 407 vs 485 per 1000 persons per year). The visit rate for infectious diseases was greatest in 0- to 4-year-olds. Upper respiratory tract infections accounted for the largest proportion of visits (38.0% of infectious disease visits), followed by otitis (15.1%) and lower respiratory tract infections (14.1%). The age-adjusted visit rate for infectious diseases increased from 462 visits per 1000 persons (17.5% of all visits) in 1980 to 575 (20.2%) in 1990. From 1990 to 1996, this rate declined to 483 per 1000 (18.1%). Conclusions: Infectious diseases are responsible for a substantial proportion of outpatient visits to physicians in the United States. Upper respiratory tract infections account for the largest proportion of these visits. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Armstrong, GL (reprint author), Mailstop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 22 PY 1999 VL 159 IS 21 BP 2531 EP 2536 DI 10.1001/archinte.159.21.2531 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 257DJ UT WOS:000083766800005 PM 10573043 ER PT J AU Marseille, E Kahn, JG Guay, L Fowler, MG Jackson, JB AF Marseille, E Kahn, JG Guay, L Fowler, MG Jackson, JB TI HIVNET nevirapine trials - Reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Hlth Strategies Int, Orinda, CA 94563 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, AIDS Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Marseille, E (reprint author), Hlth Strategies Int, Orinda, CA 94563 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 20 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9192 BP 1818 EP 1818 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70584-5 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 258RM UT WOS:000083853000050 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, ML Mercy, JA Potter, LB AF Rosenberg, ML Mercy, JA Potter, LB TI Firearms and suicide. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GUN OWNERSHIP; INJURIES; RISK; HOMICIDE; SCIENCE; HOME C1 Collaborat Ctr Child Well Being, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rosenberg, ML (reprint author), Collaborat Ctr Child Well Being, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 18 PY 1999 VL 341 IS 21 BP 1609 EP 1611 DI 10.1056/NEJM199911183412111 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 256GF UT WOS:000083717000011 PM 10564694 ER PT J AU Fine, A Layton, M Miller, J Cimini, D Vargas, MC Inglesby, A Cohen, N Weisfuse, I Ramon, A Poshni, I Stirling, H McNamara, T Huang, A Rosenberg, A Yang-Lewis, P Adel, HN Sherman, M Terillion, G Smith, B Porter, R Greenberg, A Gaffney, KA Novello, A White, D Morse, D Spitalny, K Gallo, R Wong, S Grady, L Eidson, M Wallace, B Smith, P Cartter, M Nelson, R Hadler, J Andreadis, T Blumenstock, J Degraaf, J Sorhage, F Campbell, C Brook, J Gerwell, M Adams, D Bruder, K Kent, R Eisner, R Halpern, N Roscoe, D Bresnitz, E Crans, W Mackenzie, J Hall, R Sherret, J Artsob, H Smith, J Parker, M Steele, K AF Fine, A Layton, M Miller, J Cimini, D Vargas, MC Inglesby, A Cohen, N Weisfuse, I Ramon, A Poshni, I Stirling, H McNamara, T Huang, A Rosenberg, A Yang-Lewis, P Adel, HN Sherman, M Terillion, G Smith, B Porter, R Greenberg, A Gaffney, KA Novello, A White, D Morse, D Spitalny, K Gallo, R Wong, S Grady, L Eidson, M Wallace, B Smith, P Cartter, M Nelson, R Hadler, J Andreadis, T Blumenstock, J Degraaf, J Sorhage, F Campbell, C Brook, J Gerwell, M Adams, D Bruder, K Kent, R Eisner, R Halpern, N Roscoe, D Bresnitz, E Crans, W Mackenzie, J Hall, R Sherret, J Artsob, H Smith, J Parker, M Steele, K CA New York City Oubreak Invest Team TI Update: West Nile virus encephalitis - New York, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 944-950, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York City Outbreak Invest Team, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, New York, NY USA. Westchester Cty Hlth Dept, New Rochelle, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT USA. New Jersey Dept Agr, Trenton, NJ USA. New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. Hlth Canada, Lab Ctr Dis Control, Ottawa, ON, Canada. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Washington, DC USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Br, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fine, A (reprint author), New York City Outbreak Invest Team, New York, NY USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 17 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 19 BP 1806 EP 1807 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 254MD UT WOS:000083615700009 ER PT J CA CDC TI Healthier mothers and babies - 1900-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 849-857, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; MORTALITY C1 CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 17 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 19 BP 1807 EP 1810 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 254MD UT WOS:000083615700010 ER PT J AU Peterson, HB AF Peterson, HB TI Progressing from disease prevention to health promotion SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Peterson, HB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 17 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 19 BP 1812 EP 1812 DI 10.1001/jama.282.19.1812 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 254MD UT WOS:000083615700015 PM 10573265 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Peterson, HB Meikle, SF Jeng, G Danel, I Burnett, NM Wilcox, LS AF Schieve, LA Peterson, HB Meikle, SF Jeng, G Danel, I Burnett, NM Wilcox, LS TI Live-birth rates and multiple-birth risk using in vitro fertilization SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ELECTIVE TRANSFER; TWIN PREGNANCIES; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; 2 EMBRYOS; NUMBER; QUALITY; WOMEN; AGE AB Context To maximize birth rates, physicians who perform in vitro fertilization (IVF) often transfer multiple embryos, but this increases the multiple-birth risk. Live-birth and multiple-birth rates may vary by patient age and embryo quality, One marker for embryo quality is cryopreservation of extra embryos (if embryos are set aside for cryopreservation, higher quality embryos may have been available for transfer). Objective To examine associations between the number of embryos transferred during IVF and live-birth and multiple-birth rates stratified by maternal age and whether extra embryos were available tie, extra embryos cryopreserved). Design and Setting Retrospective cohort of 300 US clinics reporting IVF transfer procedures to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1996. Subjects A total of 35 554 IVF transfer procedures. Main Outcome Measures Live-birth and multiple-birth rates (percentage of live births that were multiple). Results A total number of 9873 live births were reported (multiple births from 1 pregnancy were counted as 1 live birth). The number of embryos needed to achieve maximum live-birth rates varied by age and whether extra embryos were cryopreserved. Among women 20 to 29 years and 30 to 34 years of age, maximum live-birth rates (43% and 36%, respectively) were achieved when 2 embryos were transferred and extra embryos were cryopreserved. Among women 35 years of age and older, live-birth rates were lower overall and regardless of whether embryos were cryopreserved, live-birth rates increased if more than 2 embryos were transferred, Multiple-birth rates varied by age and the number of embryos transferred, but not by whether embryos were cryopreserved. With 2 embryos transferred, multiple-birth rates were 22.7%, 19.7%, 11.6%,and 10.8% for women aged 20 to 29, 30 to 34, 35 to 39, and 40 to 44 years, respectively. Multiple-birth rates increased as high as 45.7% for women aged 20 to 29 years and 39.8% for women aged 30 to 34 years if 3 embryos were transferred. Among women aged 35 to 39 years, the multiple-birth rate was 29.4% if 3 embryos were transferred. Among women 40 to 44 years of age, the multiple-birth rate was less than 25% even if 5 embryos were transferred. Conclusions Based on these data, the risk of multiple births from IVF varies by maternal age and number of embryos transferred, Embryo quality was not related to multiple birth risk but was associated with increased live-birth rates when fewer embryos were transferred. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 138 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 17 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 19 BP 1832 EP 1838 DI 10.1001/jama.282.19.1832 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 254MD UT WOS:000083615700026 PM 10573274 ER PT J AU Effler, P Ching-Lee, M Bogard, A Ieong, MC Nekomoto, T Jernigan, D AF Effler, P Ching-Lee, M Bogard, A Ieong, MC Nekomoto, T Jernigan, D TI Statewide system of electronic notifiable disease reporting from clinical laboratories - Comparing automated reporting with conventional methods SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES AB Context Notifiable disease surveillance is essential to rapidly identify and respond to outbreaks so that further illness can be prevented. Automating reports from clinical laboratories has been proposed to reduce underreporting and delays. Objective To compare the timeliness and completeness of a prototypal electronic reporting system with that of conventional laboratory reporting. Design Laboratory-based reports for 5 conditions received at a state health department between July 1 and December 31, 1998, were reviewed. Completeness of coverage for each reporting system was estimated using capture-recapture methods. Setting Three statewide private clinical laboratories in Hawaii. Main Outcome Measures The number and date of reports received, by reporting system, laboratory, and pathogen; completeness of data fields. Results A total of 357 unique reports of illness were identified; 201 (56%) were received solely through the automated electronic system, 32 (9%) through the conventional system only, and 124 (35%) through both. Thus, electronic reporting resulted in a 2.3-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-2.6) increase in reports. Electronic reports arrived an average of 3.8 (95% CI, 2.6-5.0) days earlier than conventional reports. Of 21 data fields common to paper and electronic formats, electronic reports were significantly more likely to be complete for 12 and for 1 field with the conventional system. The estimated completeness of coverage for electronic reporting was 80% (95% CI, 77%-82%) compared with 38% (95% CI, 37%-39%) for the conventional system. Conclusions In this evaluation, electronic reporting more than doubled the total number of laboratory-based reports received. On average, the electronic reports were more timely and more complete, suggesting that electronic reporting may ultimately facilitate more rapid and comprehensive institution of disease control measures. C1 State Hawaii Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Effler, P (reprint author), State Hawaii Dept Hlth, 1250 Punchbowl ST, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU912395-01] NR 17 TC 116 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 17 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 19 BP 1845 EP 1850 DI 10.1001/jama.282.19.1845 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 254MD UT WOS:000083615700028 PM 10573276 ER PT J AU Barton, JC Preston, BL McDonnell, SM AF Barton, JC Preston, BL McDonnell, SM TI Severity of iron overload in hemochromatosis (H): Effect of volunteer blood donation before diagnosis. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 So Iron Disorders Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Preston, Benjamin/B-9001-2012 OI Preston, Benjamin/0000-0002-7966-2386 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 3185 BP 9B EP 9B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PM UT WOS:000083790700029 ER PT J AU Barton, JC Preston, BL McDonnell, SM AF Barton, JC Preston, BL McDonnell, SM TI Clinical abnormalities reported by hispanics with hemochromatosis (H). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 So Iron Disorders Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Preston, Benjamin/B-9001-2012 OI Preston, Benjamin/0000-0002-7966-2386 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 3186 BP 10B EP 10B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PM UT WOS:000083790700030 ER PT J AU Sham, RL Cappuccio, J Raubertas, R Gallagher, M Braggins, C Phatak, PD AF Sham, RL Cappuccio, J Raubertas, R Gallagher, M Braggins, C Phatak, PD TI Distribution of HFE genotypes in hemochromatosis patients identified by TS screening. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rochester Gen Hosp, Rochester, NY 14621 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 3234 BP 20B EP 20B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PM UT WOS:000083790700078 ER PT J AU Richardson, LC Lally, C Walton, K Evatt, BL AF Richardson, LC Lally, C Walton, K Evatt, BL TI Modulation of the expression of hemophilia phenotype by factor V Leiden. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 3571 BP 91B EP 91B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PM UT WOS:000083790700415 ER PT J AU Miller, CH Dilley, A Hooper, WC Evatt, BL AF Miller, CH Dilley, A Hooper, WC Evatt, BL TI Population differences in von Willebrand factor levels affect the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease in African-American women. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, NCID, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 1038 BP 235A EP 235A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PH UT WOS:000083790301087 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Evatt, BL AF Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Evatt, BL TI Activated protein C induction of chemokines in monocytic cell lines is dependent on phorbol ester differentiation. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 1894 BP 427A EP 427A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PH UT WOS:000083790301943 ER PT J AU Hanlon, CA Smith, JS Anderson, GR AF Hanlon, CA Smith, JS Anderson, GR CA Natl Working Grp Rabies Prevention TI Special series - Recommendations of a national working group on prevention and control of rabies in the United States - Article II: Laboratory diagnosis of rabies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Michigan Dept Publ Hlth, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. RP Hanlon, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 215 IS 10 BP 1444 EP 1446 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 257CP UT WOS:000083764800015 PM 10579039 ER PT J AU Lawn, SD Shattock, RJ Acheampong, JW Lal, RB Folks, TM Griffin, GE Butera, ST AF Lawn, SD Shattock, RJ Acheampong, JW Lal, RB Folks, TM Griffin, GE Butera, ST TI Sustained plasma TNF-alpha and HIV-1 load despite resolution of other parameters of immune activation during treatment of tuberculosis in Africans SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 load; tuberculosis; opportunistic infection; immune activation; tumour necrosis factor-alpha; Africa ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; INTERFERON-ALPHA; MONOCYTIC CELLS; INFECTION; EXPRESSION; REPLICATION; SERUM AB Objective: To determine the impact of treatment of tuberculosis on plasma HIV-1 load in African subjects and to correlate viral load with response to treatment and changes in immune activation. Design: Clinical and microbiological responses, immune activation parameters and plasma HIV-1 load were determined in 20 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV-1 coinfection in Ghana, West Africa during the first 3 months of antituberculosis treatment. Methods: Plasma HIV-1 load and markers of immune activation were determined by commercially available assays. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR incorporation into the HIV-1 envelope was measured by using an immunomagnetic capture technique. Results: Treatment of tuberculosis resulted in significant improvements in weight and haemoglobin, a high sputum smear conversion rate and marked reductions in mean plasma tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-1, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Furthermore, incorporation of host HLA-DR into the HIV-1 envelope decreased; this also suggested a reduction in immune activation of the cells supporting viral replication. However, of importance with regard to AIDS pathogenesis, neither mean plasma TNF-alpha nor HIV-1 load decreased significantly. Conclusions: The failure of HIV-1 plasma load to decline significantly during the initial months of anti-tuberculosis treatment is associated with high, sustained systemic levels of TNF-alpha. The dissociation between the sustained levels of plasma TNF-alpha and the major reductions in other, diverse immune activation parameters may represent dysregulation of cytokine production in these African patients. (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St George Hosp, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, London, England. Univ Sci & Technol Kumasi, Sch Med Sci, Dept Med, Kumasi, Ghana. RP Lawn, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 16 BP 2231 EP 2237 DI 10.1097/00002030-199911120-00005 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 252PF UT WOS:000083510700005 PM 10563708 ER PT J AU Ridzon, R Hannan, M AF Ridzon, R Hannan, M TI Tuberculosis vaccines SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Marys Hosp, London W2 1NY, England. RP Ridzon, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 12 PY 1999 VL 286 IS 5443 BP 1298 EP 1300 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 255NF UT WOS:000083675500022 PM 10610534 ER PT J AU Wenger, JD DiFabio, JL Landaverde, JM Levine, OS Gaafar, T AF Wenger, JD DiFabio, JL Landaverde, JM Levine, OS Gaafar, T TI Introduction of Hib conjugate vaccines in the non-industrialized world: experience in four 'newly adopting' countries SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; new vaccines; immunizations ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; INVASIVE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; DISEASE BURDEN; INFANTS; EFFICACY; CHILDREN; POLYSACCHARIDE; VACCINATION AB Hib conjugate vaccines are widely used in the industrialized world, but are just now beginning to be introduced into other countries. To identify factors facilitating rapid global introduction, we evaluated the decision-making process, mode of introduction, effectiveness, and impact on the immunization program of Hib conjugate vaccine introduction in four nonindustrialized countries through site visits and use of a standardized questionnaire. The key promoters of Hib introduction were the pediatric community and ministries of health. Local surveillance and severity data were critical in the decision to adopt Hib vaccine. Assistance with surveillance, introduction guidelines, educational material, tenders, and funding is needed to accelerate wider adoption. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 WHO, Childrens Vaccine Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Expanded Programme Immunizat Vaccines & Other Bio, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Special Program Vaccines & Immunizat, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Alexandria, Egypt. RP Wenger, JD (reprint author), WHO, Childrens Vaccine Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 16 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 12 PY 1999 VL 18 IS 7-8 BP 736 EP 742 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00269-8 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 256NP UT WOS:000083731800022 PM 10547434 ER PT J AU Berry, RJ Li, Z Erickson, JD Li, S Moore, CA Wang, H Mulinare, J Zhao, P Wong, LYC Gindler, J Hong, SX Correa, A AF Berry, RJ Li, Z Erickson, JD Li, S Moore, CA Wang, H Mulinare, J Zhao, P Wong, LYC Gindler, J Hong, SX Correa, A CA China-US Collaborative Project Neu TI Prevention of neural-tube defects with folic acid in China SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERICONCEPTIONAL VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY-FOLATE; PREVALENCE; RISK AB Background Periconceptional use of multivitamins containing folic acid can reduce a woman's risk of having a baby with a neural-tube defect. Methods As part of a public health campaign conducted from 1993 to 1995 in an area of China with high rates of neural-tube defects (the northern region) and one with low rates (the southern region), we evaluated the outcomes of pregnancy in women who were asked to take a pill containing 400 mu g of folic acid alone daily from the time of their premarital examination until the end of their first trimester of pregnancy. Results Among the fetuses or infants of 130,142 women who took folic acid at any time before or during pregnancy and 117,689 women who had not taken folic acid, we identified 102 and 173, respectively, with neural-tube defects. Among the fetuses or infants of women who registered before their last menstrual period and who did not take any folic acid, the rates of neural-tube defects were 4.8 per 1000 pregnancies of at least 20 weeks' gestation in the northern region and 1.0 per 1000 in the southern region. Among the fetuses or infants of the women with periconceptional use of folic acid, the rates were 1.0 per 1000 in the northern region and 0.6 per 1000 in the southern region. The greatest reduction in risk occurred among the fetuses or infants of a subgroup of women in the northern region with periconceptional use who took folic acid pills more than 80 percent of the time. In the southern region the reduction in risk among the fetuses or infants of women with periconceptional use of folic acid was also significant (reduction in risk, 41 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 3 to 64 percent). Conclusions Periconceptional intake of 400 mg of folic acid daily can reduce the risk of neural-tube defects in areas with high rates of these defects and in areas with low rates. (N Engl J Med 1999;341:1485-90.) (C) 1999, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Beijing Med Univ, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Beijing Med Univ, Dept Hlth Care Epidemiol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Berry, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 NR 18 TC 752 Z9 800 U1 4 U2 50 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 11 PY 1999 VL 341 IS 20 BP 1485 EP 1490 DI 10.1056/NEJM199911113412001 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 254RK UT WOS:000083625800001 PM 10559448 ER PT J AU Curtis, AB Ridzon, R Vogel, R McDonough, S Hargreaves, J Ferry, J Valway, S Onorato, IM AF Curtis, AB Ridzon, R Vogel, R McDonough, S Hargreaves, J Ferry, J Valway, S Onorato, IM TI Extensive transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a child SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK AB Background and Methods Young children rarely transmit tuberculosis. In July 1998, infectious tuberculosis was identified in a nine-year-old boy in North Dakota who was screened because extrapulmonary tuberculosis had been diagnosed in his female guardian. The child, who had come from the Republic of the Marshall Islands in 1996, had bilateral cavitary tuberculosis. Because he was the only known possible source for his female guardian's tuberculosis, an investigation of the child's contacts was undertaken. We identified family, school, day-care, and other social contacts and notified these people of their exposure. We asked the contacts to complete a questionnaire and performed tuberculin skin tests. Results Of the 276 contacts of the child whom we tested, 56 (20 percent) had a positive tuberculin skin test (induration of at least 10 mm), including 3 of the child's 4 household members, 16 of his 24 classroom contacts, 10 of 32 school-bus riders, and 9 of 61 daycare contacts. A total of 118 persons received preventive therapy, including 56 young children who were prescribed preventive therapy until skin tests performed at least 12 weeks after exposure were negative. The one additional case identified was in the twin brother of the nine-year-old patient. The twin was not considered infectious on the basis of a sputum smear that was negative on microscopical examination. Conclusions This investigation shows that a young child can transmit Mycobacterium tuberculosis to a large number of contacts. Children with tuberculosis, especially cavitary or laryngeal tuberculosis, should be considered potentially infectious, and screening of their contacts for infection with M. tuberculosis or active tuberculosis may be required. (N Engl J Med 1999;341:1491-5.) (C) 1999, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. N Dakota Dept Hlth, Bismark, ND USA. Altru Hlth Care Syst, Grand Forks, ND USA. Nelson Griggs Dist Hlth Unit, Mcville, ND USA. RP Curtis, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 11 PY 1999 VL 341 IS 20 BP 1491 EP 1495 DI 10.1056/NEJM199911113412002 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 254RK UT WOS:000083625800002 PM 10559449 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Moore, CA Khoury, MJ Erickson, JD AF Botto, LD Moore, CA Khoury, MJ Erickson, JD TI Neural-tube defects SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SPINA-BIFIDA; FOLIC-ACID; RISK FACTOR; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; PERICONCEPTIONAL USE; DIETARY-FOLATE; IN-UTERO; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; AFFECTED PREGNANCIES; FOOD FORTIFICATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 99 TC 453 Z9 475 U1 7 U2 49 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 11 PY 1999 VL 341 IS 20 BP 1509 EP 1519 DI 10.1056/NEJM199911113412006 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 254RK UT WOS:000083625800006 PM 10559453 ER PT J AU Fine, A Layton, M Miller, J Cimini, D Vargas, MC Inglesby, A Labowitz, A Bornschlegel, K Maldin, B Samoff, E Haddow, D Mullin, S Gadd, J Giebelhaus, E Mascuch, L Sher, A Foggin, M Mojica, BJ Cohen, N Weisfuse, I Bhalla, R Lee, E Malebranche, D Sacajiu, G Sharma, A Eisenberg, M Ramon, A Poshni, I Stirling, H Goldberg, A Hauer, J Huang, A Rosenberg, A Yang-Lewis, P Adel, HN Novello, A White, D Morse, D Spitalny, K Gallo, R Wong, S Grady, L Eidson, M Wallace, B Smith, P Cartter, M Nelson, R Hadler, J Andreadis, T Blumenstock, J Degraaf, J Sorhage, F Campbell, C Brook, J Gerwell, M Adams, D Bruder, K Kent, R Eisner, R Halperin, N Roscoe, D Bresnitz, E Crans, W AF Fine, A Layton, M Miller, J Cimini, D Vargas, MC Inglesby, A Labowitz, A Bornschlegel, K Maldin, B Samoff, E Haddow, D Mullin, S Gadd, J Giebelhaus, E Mascuch, L Sher, A Foggin, M Mojica, BJ Cohen, N Weisfuse, I Bhalla, R Lee, E Malebranche, D Sacajiu, G Sharma, A Eisenberg, M Ramon, A Poshni, I Stirling, H Goldberg, A Hauer, J Huang, A Rosenberg, A Yang-Lewis, P Adel, HN Novello, A White, D Morse, D Spitalny, K Gallo, R Wong, S Grady, L Eidson, M Wallace, B Smith, P Cartter, M Nelson, R Hadler, J Andreadis, T Blumenstock, J Degraaf, J Sorhage, F Campbell, C Brook, J Gerwell, M Adams, D Bruder, K Kent, R Eisner, R Halperin, N Roscoe, D Bresnitz, E Crans, W CA CDC TI Update: West Nile-like viral encephalitis - New York, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 890-892, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York City Outbreak Invest Team, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Mayors Off Emergency Management, New York, NY USA. Westchester Cty Hlth Dept, New Rochelle, NY USA. Connecticut Dept Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. CDC, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Div Appl Publ Hlth TRaining,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fine, A (reprint author), New York City Outbreak Invest Team, New York, NY USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 10 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 18 BP 1714 EP 1714 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 251XJ UT WOS:000083471400009 ER PT J CA CDC TI Primary and secondary syphilis - United States, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 873-878, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID INFECTION C1 CDC, State Hlth Dept, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Local Hlth Dept, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Stat & Data Management branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, State Hlth Dept, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 10 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 18 BP 1715 EP 1716 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 251XJ UT WOS:000083471400011 ER PT J AU Striley, CAF Biagini, RE Mastin, JP MacKenzie, BA Robertson, SK AF Striley, CAF Biagini, RE Mastin, JP MacKenzie, BA Robertson, SK TI Development and validation of an ELISA for metolachlor mercapturate in urine SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Immunochemistry Summit VII/3rd Workshop on Biosensors and Biological Techniques in Environmental Analysis CY DEC 01-03, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Int Assoc Environm Analyt Chem DE immunoassay; enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA); metolachlor mercapturate; biological monitoring ID LC-MS/MS; ALACHLOR; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLITE AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has conducted an exposure assessment study of herbicide applicators exposed to numerous commercial acetanilide-containing products. An enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was developed to measure the putative major human metabolite of one of these, metolachlor mercapturate (MM). Antibodies were obtained by immunizing rabbits with a keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) MM conjugate and the sera used as a source of IgG antibodies for the ELISA development. The percent cross-reactivities for metolachlor (ME), acetochlor mercapturate (ACM), alachlor mercapturate (AM) and alachlor (AL) were 39 and 23, respectively. Cross-reactivity for alachlor mercapturate (AM) and alachlor (AL) are not given as 50% inhibition was not observed for the highest concentration tested. Percent inhibitions at 20 mu g l(-1) for MM, ME, ACM, AM and AL were 20, 29, 48, 72 and 90, respectively. The measured least detectable dose (LDD) of metolachlor mercapturate was 0.18 mu g l(-1). Inter-assay concordance was <15%. These data indicate that the MM ELISA developed in this study may be used to estimate body burdens of ME from urinary metabolites of herbicide applicators. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Striley, CAF (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop C-26, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD NOV 8 PY 1999 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00581-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 251VM UT WOS:000083467100013 ER PT J AU Martin, RM Huang, AJ Adel, HN Larsen, CM Daleo, CE Landrigan, MM Martinez, H Wallace, BJ Maffei, J Smith, PF AF Martin, RM Huang, AJ Adel, HN Larsen, CM Daleo, CE Landrigan, MM Martinez, H Wallace, BJ Maffei, J Smith, PF TI Rubella outbreak - Westchester County, New York, 1997-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 560-563, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Westchester Cty Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. CDC, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Community Outreach & Planning Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Martin, RM (reprint author), Westchester Cty Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 17 BP 1614 EP 1615 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 250BD UT WOS:000083368400009 ER PT J AU Broome, K AF Broome, K TI Folic acid campaign and evaluation - Southwestern Virginia, 1997-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 914-917, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Reg I Perinatal Coordinating Council, Abingdon, VA 24210 USA. CDC, Div Birth Defects Child Dev & Disabil & Hlth, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Broome, K (reprint author), Reg I Perinatal Coordinating Council, Abingdon, VA 24210 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 17 BP 1615 EP 1617 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 250BD UT WOS:000083368400011 ER PT J CA CDC World Hlth Org TI Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication - Afghanistan, 1994-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 825-828, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Afghanistan Country Off, Islamabad, Pakistan. WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Alexandria, Egypt. WHO, Vaccines & Other Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Resp & Enterovirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), WHO, Afghanistan Country Off, Islamabad, Pakistan. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 17 BP 1617 EP 1618 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 250BD UT WOS:000083368400012 ER PT J AU Anda, RF Croft, JB Felitti, VJ Nordenberg, D Giles, WH Williamson, DF Giovino, GA AF Anda, RF Croft, JB Felitti, VJ Nordenberg, D Giles, WH Williamson, DF Giovino, GA TI Adverse childhood experiences and smoking during adolescence and adulthood SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Prevention Cardiology CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA ID HEALTH RISK BEHAVIORS; SEXUAL ABUSE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; DRUG-ABUSE; TOBACCO; ALCOHOL; WOMEN; MALTREATMENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DYSFUNCTION AB Context In recent years, smoking among adolescents has increased and the decline of adult smoking has slowed to nearly a halt; new insights into tobacco dependency are needed to correct this situation. Long-term use of nicotine has been linked with self-medicating efforts to cope with negative emotional, neurobiological, and social effects of adverse childhood experiences. Objective To assess the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and 5 smoking behaviors. Design The ACE Study, a retrospective cohort survey including smoking and exposure to 8 categories of adverse childhood experiences (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; a battered mother; parental separation or divorce; and growing up with a substance-abusing, mentally ill, or incarcerated household member), conducted from August to November 1995 and January to March 1996. Setting A primary care clinic for adult members of a large health maintenance organization in San Diego, Calif. Participants A total of 9215 adults (4958 women and 4257 men with mean [SD] ages of 55.3 [15.7] and 58.1 [14.5] years, respectively) who responded to a survey questionnaire, which was mailed to all patients 1 week after a clinic visit. Main Outcome Measures Smoking initiation by age 14 years or after age 18 years, and status as ever, current, or heavy smoker. Results At least 1 of 8 categories of adverse childhood experiences was reported by 63% of respondents, After adjusting for age, sex, race, and education, each category showed an increased risk for each smoking behavior, and these risks were comparable for each category of adverse childhood experiences. Compared with those reporting no adverse childhood experiences, persons reporting 5 or more categories had substantially higher risks of early smoking initiation (odds ratio [OR], 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-7.1), ever smoking (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.6-3.8), current smoking (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.7), and heavy smoking (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.9-4.2), Each relationship between smoking behavior and the number of adverse childhood experiences was strong and graded (P<.001). For any given number of adverse childhood experiences, recent problems with depressed affect were more common among smokers than among nonsmokers. Conclusions Smoking was strongly associated with adverse childhood experiences. Primary prevention of adverse childhood experiences and improved treatment of exposed children could reduce smoking among both adolescents and adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Anda, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-47,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-44-10/11] NR 58 TC 409 Z9 414 U1 7 U2 47 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 17 BP 1652 EP 1658 DI 10.1001/jama.282.17.1652 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 250BD UT WOS:000083368400031 PM 10553792 ER PT J AU Yang, ZY Duckers, HJ Sullivan, NJ Sanchez, A Nabel, EG Nabel, GJ AF Yang, ZY Duckers, HJ Sullivan, NJ Sanchez, A Nabel, EG Nabel, GJ TI Identification of the ebola virus glycoprotein as the major determinant of viral toxicity and vascular injury SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 2 PY 1999 VL 100 IS 18 SU S MA 1751 BP 334 EP 334 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 250YD UT WOS:000083417101749 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Liu, SM AF Ford, ES Liu, SM TI Glycemic index, glycemic load, and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration among United States adults SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 2 PY 1999 VL 100 IS 18 SU S MA 4594 BP 870 EP 870 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 250YD UT WOS:000083417104584 ER PT J AU Everett, SA Lowry, R Cohen, LR Dellinger, AM AF Everett, SA Lowry, R Cohen, LR Dellinger, AM TI Unsafe motor vehicle practices among substance-using college students SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE motor vehicle crash; substance use; college students ID SEAT-BELT USAGE; BINGE-DRINKING; TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS; DRUG-USE; ALCOHOL; DRIVERS; HEALTH; RISK; SMOKING; BEHAVIORS AB This study examines the relationship between substance use and behaviors that increase the risk for motor vehicle crashes and crash-related injuries. The investigation uses National College Health Risk Behavior Survey data collected in 1995 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. These data are representative of 2- and 4-year undergraduate college students in private and public colleges and universities in the United States. Smokers, episodic heavy drinkers, marijuana users and users of illegal drugs in combination with alcohol were significantly more likely to drive after drinking alcohol and ride with a driver who had been drinking alcohol and significantly less likely to wear safety belts while driving or while riding in a car as a passenger. This study indicates that college students who are substance users are more likely to behave in a manner which increases their risk for motor vehicle crashes and motor vehicle crash injuries. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Everett, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sce2@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 31 IS 6 BP 667 EP 673 DI 10.1016/S0001-4575(99)00027-5 PG 7 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 231RL UT WOS:000082323900009 PM 10487342 ER PT J AU Guastello, SJ Gershon, RRM Murphy, LR AF Guastello, SJ Gershon, RRM Murphy, LR TI Catastrophe model for the exposure to blood-borne pathogens and other accidents in health care settings SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE catastrophe; HIV; health care; safety climate; universal precautions; stress ID UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS; REGRESSION; WORKERS; SAFETY; SIZE AB Catastrophe models, which describe and predict discontinuous changes in system state variables, were used to model the exposure to blood and bodily fluids and more conventional occupational accidents among 1708 health care workers. Workers at three hospitals completed a survey measuring HIV-relevant exposures (needlesticks, cuts, splashes, contact with open wounds), the accident rate for broadly-defined injuries, and several occupationally relevant themes: safety climate, shift work, depression symptoms, work pace, verbal abuse, and professional group membership. A cusp (cubic polynomial) model predicting HIV-relevant exposures specifically was more accurate (R-2=0.56) than a comparable linear model containing the same variables (R-2 = 0.07). Some of the foregoing variables predisposed workers to greater differences in HIV-relevant and general accident exposures: shiftwork, climate, depressive symptoms, and work pace. Other variables governed how close an individual was to a critical threshold where a harmful incident would take place: verbal abuse, professional group membership. Similarly, a cusp model for accident incidents predicted from HIV-relevant exposures and occupational variables was also more accurate (R-2 = 0.751 than comparison models. Two variables predisposed the worker to a greater accident risk: depression symptoms and shift work. Four other variables predisposed the worker to lesser accident risk: job satisfaction, safety climate, environmental stressors, and work pace. Compliance with the universal precautions and HIV-related training were not relevant to either of the models. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Guastello, SJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, POB 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 31 IS 6 BP 739 EP 749 DI 10.1016/S0001-4575(99)00037-8 PG 11 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 231RL UT WOS:000082323900016 PM 10487349 ER PT J AU Taylor, RN Gagnon, M Lange, J Lee, T Draut, R Kujawski, E AF Taylor, RN Gagnon, M Lange, J Lee, T Draut, R Kujawski, E TI A prototype computer image-based Papanicolaou smear proficiency test SO ACTA CYTOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Papanicolaou smear; computer-assisted diagnosis; proficiency testing; CytoView AB OBJECTIVE: To develop and assess CytoView, a prototype computer image-based cytology proficiency testing (PT) system, as an alternative to glass-slide cervical cytology PT. STUDY DESIGN: The computer-based PT consists of 10 cases taken from 10 Pap smears, each of which had received a consensus Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-category diagnosis from three pathologists. Each CytoView "case" was the digital representation of >8,000 microscopic fields, captured from a selected 5 x 10-mm rectangle of a Pap smear. The 5 x 10-mm capture rectangle was selected from the slide's most representative area for its diagnostic category. The CytoView project team developed each case through a multistep process that included image capture, image alignment, correlation of 10x and 40x images, and image display. The 10-slide CytoView PT prototype was then assessed by groups of cy topathologists and cytotechnologists. RESULTS: The CytoView prototype PT system was developed and assessed. CONCLUSION: Preliminary evaluation of CytoView indicated potential for this format as a valid and logistically feasible alternative to the traditional glass slide PT format. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Office, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Dynam Res Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Taylor, RN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Office, G-23,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI LEE, Tung-Kwang/A-4821-2008 NR 3 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0001-5547 J9 ACTA CYTOL JI Acta Cytol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1045 EP 1051 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 257VB UT WOS:000083801700011 PM 10578977 ER PT J AU O'Connor, S AF O'Connor, S TI Fulfillment of Koch's postulates and the causes of atherosclerosis SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Infection and Atherosclerosis CY DEC 06-09, 1998 CL ANNECY LE VIEUX, FRANCE SP Merieux Fdn, French Natl Inst Hlth & Sci Res ID CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Connor, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 138 IS 5 SU S BP S550 EP S551 DI 10.1016/S0002-8703(99)70299-1 PN 2 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 252NL UT WOS:000083507500035 PM 10539872 ER PT J AU Heitbrink, WA Earnest, GS Mickelsen, RL Mead, KR D'arcy, JB AF Heitbrink, WA Earnest, GS Mickelsen, RL Mead, KR D'arcy, JB TI Evaluation of leakage from a metal machining center using tracer gas methods: A case study SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metal Working Fluids Symposium II CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL DETROIT, MICHIGAN DE metalworking fluids; tracer gas AB To evaluate the efficacy of engineering controls in reducing worker exposure to metalworking fluids, an evaluation of an enclosure for a machining center during face milling was performed. The enclosure was built around a vertical metal machining center with an attached ventilation system consisting of a 25-cm diameter duct, a fan, and an air-cleaning filter. The evaluation method included using sulfur hexafluoride (SF,) tracer gas to determine the ventilation system's flow rate and capture efficiency, a respirable aerosol monitor (RAM) to identify aerosol leak locations around the enclosure, and smoke tubes and a velometer to evaluate air movement around the outside of the enclosure. Results of the tracer gas evaluation indicated that the control system was approximately 98% efficient at capturing tracer gas released near the spindle of the machining center. This result was not significantly different from 100% efficiency (p=0.2), The measured SF, concentration when released directly into the duct had a relative standard deviation of 2.2%; whereas, when releasing SF, at the spindle, the concentration had a significantly higher relative standard deviation of 7.8% (p=0.016). This increased variability could be due to a cyclic leakage at a small gap between the upper and lower portion of the enclosure or due to cyclic stagnation, Leakage also was observed with smoke tubes, a velometer, and an aerosol photometer. The tool and fluid motion combined to induce a periodic airflow in and out of the enclosure. These results suggest that tracer gas methods could be used to evaluate enclosure efficiency, However, smoke tubes and aerosol instrumentation such as optical particle counters or aerosol photometers also need to be used to locate leakage from enclosures. C1 US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Heitbrink, WA (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 60 IS 6 BP 785 EP 788 DI 10.1080/00028899908984502 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 270KB UT WOS:000084533600010 PM 10635544 ER PT J AU Wenzl, TB AF Wenzl, TB TI Assessment of magnetic field exposures for a mortality study at a uranium enrichment plant SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bimodality; exposure assessment for epidemiology; magnetic field exposures; uranium workers ID ELECTRIC UTILITY WORKERS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; BRAIN-TUMORS; LEUKEMIA; CANCER; RISK AB A survey of workplace exposures to 60-Hz magnetic fields was carried out at a large uranium enrichment facility to assign exposures for an updated mortality study. Stratified random selection was used to choose workers for measurement in all jobs and areas, to determine whether consistent distinctions could be made between job groups based on average magnetic field exposures. A total of 252 workdays was measured with a personal monitor, and individual average magnetic field exposures ranged from 0.20 to 82.6 mG, A priori job groups showed significant differences between geometric mean exposures, which ranged from 0.80 to 3.51 mG. Most of these groups showed widely ranging exposures, so they were subdivided based on location and job title to improve the precision of the exposure assignments for the mortality study. These final assignments were made up of 26 groups having arithmetic means ranging from 0.43 to 24.9 mG, with most groups defined by location in addition to job title, In general, electrical maintenance workers did not have elevated magnetic field exposures (>3 mG), but the exposures of the electricians in switchyard (substation) jobs were elevated. Available employment records did not allow most electricians to be distinguished based on location, so they were assigned exposures based on their plantwide average (above 7 mG). An estimated 9% of the work time of this cohort was spent at daily average exposures above 3 mG, despite the very large electric power consumption at this plant. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Wenzl, TB (reprint author), NIOSH, Mail Stop R-44,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 60 IS 6 BP 818 EP 824 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 270KB UT WOS:000084533600015 PM 10635549 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Bowman, BA AF Ford, ES Bowman, BA TI Serum folate and homocysteine concentrations in large population samples of US ethnic and racial groups - Reply to JE Baggott SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 70 IS 5 BP 937 EP 939 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 249WL UT WOS:000083356200025 ER PT J AU Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Rogers, G Selhub, J Wright, JD Johnson, CL AF Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Rogers, G Selhub, J Wright, JD Johnson, CL TI Serum folate and homocysteine concentrations in large population samples of US ethnic and racial groups - Reply to JE Baggott SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID DISEASE; DETERMINANTS C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 70 IS 5 BP 939 EP 940 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 249WL UT WOS:000083356200026 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Perry, GS Cogswell, ME Scanlon, KS Rosenberg, D Carmichael, S Ferre, C AF Schieve, LA Perry, GS Cogswell, ME Scanlon, KS Rosenberg, D Carmichael, S Ferre, C CA NMIHS Collaborative Working Grp TI Validity of self-reported pregnancy delivery weight: An analysis of the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body mass index; body weight; classification; pregnancy ID GAIN; HEIGHT; GUIDELINES; RETENTION; INSTITUTE AB This study examined the validity of self-reported delivery weight among 3,518 respondents to the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. Self-reported delivery weight was ascertained from a mail survey administered during the postpartum period. Measured delivery weight was obtained by abstraction of medical records from the hospital of delivery. On average, a woman's reported delivery weight was 2.82 pounds (1 pound = 0.45 kg) less than her measured delivery weight (p < 0.001). The level of underreporting increased significantly with increases in prepregnancy body mass index, current body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, and weight change from delivery to recall. Reporting error also increased among women who were non-White, less educated, and unmarried; whose pregnancy was unintended; and who initiated prenatal care late, responded late to the survey questionnaire, became pregnant again before responding, and reported a delivery weight ending in zero. When reported delivery weight was used to calculate weight gain and was categorized into typical weight gain categories, 30-40% of women were classified incorrectly. An empirical evaluation of how this misclassification might impact epidemiologic analyses indicated that associations between weight gain and birth weight were attenuated when weight gain was based on reported delivery weight rather than on measured delivery weight. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 9 BP 947 EP 956 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 251VX UT WOS:000083468000007 PM 10547140 ER PT J AU Yusuf, HR Coronado, VG Averhoff, FA Maes, EF Rodewald, LE Battaglia, MP Mahoney, FJ AF Yusuf, HR Coronado, VG Averhoff, FA Maes, EF Rodewald, LE Battaglia, MP Mahoney, FJ TI Progress in coverage with hepatitis B vaccine among US children, 1994-1997 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; RECOMMENDATIONS; EFFICACY; IMPACT AB Objectives. This study was done to assess progress in hepatitis B vaccination of children from 1994 through 1997. Methods. We used data from the National Immunization Survey (NIS), a random-digit-dialed telephone survey that includes a mail survey to verify vaccination providers' records. The NIS is conducted in 78 geographic areas (50 states and 28 selected urban areas) in the United States. Results. A total of 32433 household interviews were completed in the 1997 NIS. An estimated 83.7% of children aged 19 to 35 months received 3 or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Coverage with 3 doses was greater (86.7%) among children in states that had day care entry requirements for hepatitis B vaccination than among children in states without such requirements (83.0%) and was greater among children from families with incomes at or above the poverty level (85.0%) than among children below the poverty level (80.6%). Hepatitis B vaccination of children increased from 1994 through 1996, from 41% to 84%, but coverage reached a constant level of 84% to 85% in 1996/97. Conclusion. Although substantial progress has been made in fully vaccinating children against hepatitis B, greater efforts are needed to ensure that all infants receive 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yusuf, HR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1999 VL 89 IS 11 BP 1684 EP 1689 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.11.1684 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 250ML UT WOS:000083392100013 PM 10553389 ER PT J AU Valdez, R Narayan, KMV Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM AF Valdez, R Narayan, KMV Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM TI Impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality associated with pneumonia and influenza among non-Hispanic black and white US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FOLLOWBACK SURVEY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ELDERLY PEOPLE; VACCINATION; COHORT; POPULATION; DISEASE; DEATH AB Objectives. This study assessed the impact of diabetes on mortality associated with pneumonia and influenza among non-Hispanic Black and White US adults. Methods. Data were derived from the National Mortality Followback Survey (1986) and the National Health Interview Survey (1987-1989). Results. Regardless of race, sex, and socioeconomic status, people with diabetes who died at 25 to 64 years of age were more likely to have pneumonia and influenza recorded on the death certificate than people without diabetes who died at comparable ages (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3, 7.7). For those 65 years and older, the risk remained elevated among Whites with diabetes (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.7, 2.7) but not among Blacks with diabetes (OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.6, 1.7). It was estimated that about 17 000 (10.3%) of the 167 000 deaths associated with pneumonia and influenza that occurred in 1986 were attributable to diabetes. Conclusions. The impact of diabetes on deaths associated with pneumonia and influenza is substantial. Targeted immunizations among people with diabetes may reduce unnecessary deaths associated with pneumonia and influenza. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Valdez, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 39 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1999 VL 89 IS 11 BP 1715 EP 1721 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.11.1715 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 250ML UT WOS:000083392100018 PM 10553394 ER PT J AU Deuson, RR Hoektra, EJ Sedjo, R Bakker, G Melinkovich, P Daeke, D Hammer, AL Goldsman, D Judson, FN AF Deuson, RR Hoektra, EJ Sedjo, R Bakker, G Melinkovich, P Daeke, D Hammer, AL Goldsman, D Judson, FN TI The Denver school-based adolescent hepatitis B vaccination program: A cost analysis with risk simulation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSAL AB Objectives. This study sought to compare the cost-effectiveness of a school-based hepatitis B vaccine delivery program with that of a vaccine delivery program associated with a network health maintenance organization (HMO). Methods. The vaccination program enrolled 3359 sixth-grade students from 18 middle schools in Denver, Cole. Immunization status and direct and indirect program costs were compiled. The sensitivity of the outcomes was assessed by simulation methods. Results. The per-dose cost-effectiveness ratio for the school-based delivery system was $31. This cost-effectiveness ratio remained stable when the model was simulated with costs that were underestimated or overestimated by 20%. In the network HMO, the direct cost per dose was $68 and the societal cost was $118 when the child's father worked full-time and the mother worked part-time. There is less than a 5% chance that the network HMO-based vaccination program could be more cost-effective than the school-based program. Conclusions. The cost per dose of the school-based program was significantly less than that of the network HMO-based program, because in the school program government-purchased vaccine was available at a lower cost and parents did not incur work-loss costs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Denver Hlth & Hosp Author, Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Denver Hlth & Hosp Author, Community Hlth Serv, Denver, CO USA. PacifiCare Hlth Syst Inc, Denver, CO USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Deuson, RR (reprint author), CDC, NIP, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1999 VL 89 IS 11 BP 1722 EP 1727 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.11.1722 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 250ML UT WOS:000083392100019 PM 10553395 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Stroup, DF Branche, CM Gilchrist, J Goodman, RA Weitman, EA AF Thacker, SB Stroup, DF Branche, CM Gilchrist, J Goodman, RA Weitman, EA TI The prevention of ankle sprains in sports - A systematic review of the literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID INJURY RISK-FACTORS; BASKETBALL PLAYERS; FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; INVERSION INJURIES; LIGAMENT PROTECTOR; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; RESTRICTING FOOT; SOCCER INJURIES; SHOE HEIGHT AB To assess the published evidence on the effectiveness of various approaches to the prevention of ankle sprains in athletes, we used textbooks, journals, and experts in the field of sports medicine to identify citations. We identified 113 studies reporting the risk of ankle sprains in sports, methods to provide support, the effect of these interventions on performance, and comparison of prevention efforts. The most common risk factor for ankle sprain in sports is history of a previous sprain. Ten citations of studies involving athletes in basketball, football, soccer, or volleyball compared alternative methods of prevention. Methods tested included wrapping the ankle with tape or cloth, orthoses, high-top shoes, or some combination of these methods. Most studies indicate that appropriately applied braces, tape, or orthoses do not adversely affect performance. Based on our review, we recommend that athletes with a sprained ankle complete supervised rehabilitation before returning to practice or competition, and those athletes suffering a moderate or severe sprain should wear an appropriate orthosis for at least 6 months. Both coaches and players must assume responsibility for prevention of injuries in sports. Methodologic limitations of published studies suggested several areas for future research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stroup, DF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, CDC, Mail Stop C08,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 127 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 6 BP 753 EP 760 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 256HF UT WOS:000083719300012 PM 10569362 ER PT J AU Lorono-Pino, MA Cropp, CB Farfan, JA Vorndam, AV Rodriguez-Angulo, EM Rosado-Paredes, EP Flores-Flores, LF Beaty, BJ Gubler, DJ AF Lorono-Pino, MA Cropp, CB Farfan, JA Vorndam, AV Rodriguez-Angulo, EM Rosado-Paredes, EP Flores-Flores, LF Beaty, BJ Gubler, DJ TI Common occurrence of concurrent infections by multiple dengue virus serotypes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; AEDES-AEGYPTI; IDENTIFICATION AB The co-circulation of all 4 dengue virus serotypes in the same community, common since the 1950s in Southeast Asia, has now become a frequent occurrence in many Caribbean Islands, Mexico, and Central and South America in the past 20 years. As a consequence, the frequency of concurrent infections would be expected to increase in these areas. To assess this, using state of the art technology, we: screened viremic serum samples and mosquitoes inoculated with serum samples collected during epidemics involving multiple dengue virus serotypes in Indonesia, Mexico, and Puerto Rico for virus isolation. Of 292 samples tested, 16 (5.5%) were found to contain 2 or more dengue viruses by an indirect immunofluorescence test and/or the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Ctr Invest Reg Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan Labs, San Juan, PR USA. RP Gubler, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-41507] NR 31 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 61 IS 5 BP 725 EP 730 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 259LA UT WOS:000083894300009 PM 10586902 ER PT J AU Parmenter, RR Yadav, EP Parmenter, CA Ettestad, P Gage, KL AF Parmenter, RR Yadav, EP Parmenter, CA Ettestad, P Gage, KL TI Incidence of plague associated with increased winter-spring precipitation in New Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CTENOCEPHALIDES-FELIS SIPHONAPTERA; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; CAT FLEA; DISEASE; RODENTS; PULICIDAE; SURVIVAL; MALARIA; RISK AB Plague occurs episodically in many parts of the world, and some outbreaks appear to be related to increased abundance of rodents and other mammals chat serve as hosts for vector fleas. Climate: dynamics may influence the abundance of both fleas and mammals, thereby having an indirect effect on human plague incidence. An understanding of the relationship between climate and plague could be useful in predicting periods of increased risk of plague transmission. In this study, we used correlation analyses of 215 human cases of plague in relation to precipitation records from 1948 to 1996 in areas of New Mexico with history of human plague cases (38 cities, towns, and villages). We conducted analyses using 3 spatial scales: global (El Nino-Southern Oscillation Indices [SOI]); regional (pooled stale-wide precipitation averages); and local (precipitation data from weather stations near plague case sites). We found that human plague cases in New Mexico-occurred more frequently following winter-spring periods (October to May) with above-average precipitation (mean plague years = 113% of normal rain/snowfall), resulting in 60% more cases of plague in humans following wet versus dry winter-spring periods. However, we obtained significant results at local level only; regional state-wide precipitation averages and SOI values exhibited no significant correlations to incidence of human plague cases. These results are consistent with our hypothesis of a trophic cascade in which increased winter-spring precipitation enhances small mammal food resource productivity (plants and insects), leading to an increase in the abundance of plague hosts. In addition, moister climate conditions may act to promote flea survival and reproduction, also enhancing plague transmission. Finally, the result that the number of human plague cases in New Mexico was positively associated with higher than normal winter-spring precipitation at. a local scale can be used by physicians and public health personnel to identify and predict periods of increased risk of plague transmission to humans. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Santa Fe, NM USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Parmenter, RR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, 167 Castetter Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 37 TC 128 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 61 IS 5 BP 814 EP 821 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 259LA UT WOS:000083894300024 PM 10586917 ER PT J AU Quinlan, KP Thompson, MP Annest, JL Peddicord, J Ryan, G Kessler, EP McDonald, AK AF Quinlan, KP Thompson, MP Annest, JL Peddicord, J Ryan, G Kessler, EP McDonald, AK TI Expanding the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System to monitor all nonfatal injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Study objective: Injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Although the National Vital Statistics System provides data on injury-related deaths, a national surveillance system is needed for timely identification of emerging nonfatal injury problems and continuous monitoring of severe nonfatal injuries. This work assesses the feasibility of expanding the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) to monitor all types and causes of nonfatal injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments and reports national estimates generated by a pilot study of this system. Methods: At a stratified sample of US hospital EDs, persons receiving first-time treatment for an injury were monitored from May 1 through July 31, 1997. National estimates of the annual number and rate of ED-treated injuries overall, by patient characteristics, injury diagnosis, and external cause of injury were generated, and the sensitivity of the system for detecting ED-treated injuries was assessed. Results: An estimated 29.1 million injuries were treated in US EDs in 1997 (rate of 108.6/1,000 population). The leading causes of injury were falls, being struck by or striking against an object or person, cutting or piercing, and motor vehicle traffic. Of 593 cases of injury detected by investigators from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during visits to 6 of the 21 NEISS hospitals in the study, 490 were also detected by NEISS coders for an overall sensitivity of 82.6%. Conclusion: Expanding the NEISS is a feasible means of timely and continuous monitoring of all types and causes of nonfatal injuries treated in US hospital EDs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Quinlan, KP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 34 IS 5 BP 637 EP 645 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(99)70166-6 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 250JA UT WOS:000083384200009 PM 10533012 ER PT J CA CDC TI Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection associated with eating raw oysters and clams harvested from Long Island Sound - Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 48-51, 1999) SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Reprint C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 34 IS 5 BP 679 EP 680 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 250JA UT WOS:000083384200020 ER PT J AU Barnett, E Armstrong, DL Casper, ML AF Barnett, E Armstrong, DL Casper, ML TI Evidence of increasing coronary heart disease mortality among black men of lower social class SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE social class; socioeconomic status; mortality trends; coronary heart disease; blacks ID UNITED-STATES; STROKE MORTALITY; INDUSTRY DATA; DECLINE; INEQUALITIES; RACE; OCCUPATION; DEATH; ONSET; ACCURACY AB PURPOSE: Few data are available to examine coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality trends by social class in the United States, in contrast to ample data and well-documented social class disparities in CHD in Europe. In addition, previous analyses of U.S. national data indicated that the rate of decline in CHD mortality slowed substantially far blacks in the 1980s. Using a recently published method for calculating mortality rates by social class, we examined trends in CHD mortality for black men and white men aged 35-54 in North Carolina from 1984 to 1993. METHODS: Men were assigned to one of four social classes: primary white collar (I), secondary white collar (II), primary blue collar (III), or secondary: blue collar (IV), based on usual occupation as recorded on the death certificate. Population denominators for each social class were constructed. using data from census Public Use Microdata Sample files. Average annual percent change in mortality rates for each race-social class group was derived from linear regression of the log-transformed age-adjusted rates. RESULTS: For black men, CHD mortality increased by 18% in social class II, by 2% in social class III, and by 6% in social class IV over the 10-year study period. In contrast, CHD mortality decreased by 33% for black men in social class I (the highest class). CHD mortality declined for all white men, with the greatest decline in social class I and the least decline in social class IV. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CHD prevention efforts have not benefited black men of lower social class, and that public health programs need to be targeted to these men. Ann Epidemiol 1999;9:464-4761. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Community Med, Off Social Environm & Hlth Res, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barnett, E (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Community Med, Off Social Environm & Hlth Res, POB 9190,3847 Hlth Sci S, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RI Pathak, Elizabeth/H-2683-2013 OI Pathak, Elizabeth/0000-0002-9702-0782 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 9 IS 8 BP 464 EP 471 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(99)00027-7 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 250HD UT WOS:000083382200002 PM 10549879 ER PT J AU Durvasula, RV Kroger, A Goodwin, M Panackal, A Kruglov, O Taneja, J Gumbs, A Richards, FF Beard, CB Cordon-Rosales, C AF Durvasula, RV Kroger, A Goodwin, M Panackal, A Kruglov, O Taneja, J Gumbs, A Richards, FF Beard, CB Cordon-Rosales, C TI Strategy for introduction of foreign genes into field populations of Chagas disease vectors SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Rhodnius prolixus; paratransgenesis; CRUZIGARD; Chagas disease; endosymbionts; single-chain antibodies ID YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA; RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; TRANSFORMATION; TRANSMISSION; COMPETENCE; EXPRESSION; ANTIBODY AB Paratransgenesis, a strategy for control of certain arthropod-borne infectious diseases, involves expression of disease transmission-blocking molecules by genetically altered symbiotic bacteria of insect vectors. Field use of this approach relies on a method for dispersal of genetically transformed bacteria to their host insects. Rhodococcus rhodnii, a symbiotic bacterium of the Chagas disease vector, Rhodnius prolixus (Stal), has been transformed genetically to express several molecules. Here we report a strategy for dispersal of genetically altered R. rhodnii to target populations of R. prolixus that uses a synthetic substrate termed CRUZIGARD. This preparation mimics natural feces of R. prolixus and, when impregnated with genetically altered symbiotic bacteria, simulates the natural coprophagic method of symbiont dispersal used by the reduviid bug. CRUZIGARD laden with genetically altered symbionts was applied monthly to closed cages of R, prolixus nymphs. Uptake and retention of the recombinant bacteria was demonstrated under laboratory conditions and simulated field conditions in which competing environmental microbes were present. In the simulated field study conducted in Guatemala, nearly 50% of R. prolixus nymphs exposed to bacteria-laden CRUZIGARD retained the transgenic microbes throughout their development. In these paratransgenic insects, the genetically altered symbionts comprised nearly 95% of the bacterial colony forming units. No adverse effects of CRUZIGARD on insect development and fecundity were noted. CRUZIGARD represents a potentially powerful method for dispersal of recombinant symbiotic bacteria among field populations of the Chagas disease vector, R. prolixus. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Valle Guatemala, MERTU G, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala. RP Durvasula, RV (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 92 IS 6 BP 937 EP 943 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261JB UT WOS:000084005100017 ER PT J AU Miles-Richardson, SR Kramer, VJ Fitzgerald, SD Render, JA Yamini, B Barbee, SJ Giesy, JP AF Miles-Richardson, SR Kramer, VJ Fitzgerald, SD Render, JA Yamini, B Barbee, SJ Giesy, JP TI Effects of waterborne exposure of 17 beta-estradiol on secondary sex characteristics and gonads of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE estrogen; fish; Sertoli cells; testis; ovary; follicles ID RAINBOW-TROUT; HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE EXPOSURE; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; CHEMICALS; INDUCTION; WILDLIFE; BINDING; MEDAKA; FISH AB Environmental contaminants with estrogenic activity have recently received attention because of their potential effects on the reproductive efficiency of humans and wildlife. This study was conducted with the endogenous estrogen, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), to establish the histologic response of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) as a model organism. Sexually mature fathead minnows were exposed for 14 days to waterborne concentrations of 1000, 100, 10, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.1 or 0.0625 nM E2. Exposure to E2 caused a reduction in size of the prominent male secondary sex characteristics, the fatpads and nuptial breeding tubercles. Histological lesions observed in the testes included proliferation of Sertoli cells and degenerative changes. Electron microscopy of seminiferous tubules and their Sertoli cells revealed large phagolysosomes filled with degenerating spermatozoa and other cellular debris. Females had ovaries in which most of the follicles were in the primary stage of development. There were also more atretic follicles and fewer secondary and Graafian follicles than in unexposed females. These findings demonstrate components of sexually mature fish which may be altered by compounds that mimic E2. To determine if lesions observed in males were permanent, 50 sexually mature males and females were exposed to a single concentration of 10 nM E2 for 10 days. Samples were collected from males on the final day of E2 exposure and over a period of 16 weeks after the exposure was stopped. No E2-induced lesions were observed beyond 16 weeks post E2 exposure. Results of these studies suggest that histological lesions could occur at ecologically-relevant exposures to 'estrogenic' compounds. However, certain lesions caused by exposure of adult fathead minnows are not permanent. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Anim Hlth Diagnost Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Olin Corp, Dept Environm Hyg & Toxicol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Miles-Richardson, SR (reprint author), ATSDR, Div Toxicol, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM srm7@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 119 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 129 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(99)00009-0 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 256GZ UT WOS:000083718700005 ER PT J AU Felz, MW Chandler, FW Oliver, JH Rahn, DW Schriefer, ME AF Felz, MW Chandler, FW Oliver, JH Rahn, DW Schriefer, ME TI Solitary erythema migrans in Georgia and South Carolina SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; UNITED-STATES; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; TICK; DNA; MISSOURI; CULTURE; MANIFESTATIONS AB Objective: To evaluate the incidence of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in humans with erythema migrans (EM) in 2 southeastern states. Design: Prospective case series. Setting: Family medicine practice at academic center. Patients: Twenty-three patients with solitary EM lesions meeting Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for Lyme disease. Interventions: Patients underwent clinical and serologic evaluation for evidence of B burgdorferi infection. All lesions underwent photography, biopsy, culture and histopathologic and polymerase chain reaction analysis for B burgdorferi infection. Patients were treated with doxycycline hyclate and followed up clinically and serologically. Main Outcome Measures: Disappearance of EM lesions and associated clinical symptoms in response to antibiotic therapy; short-term and follow-up serologic assays for diagnostic antibody; growth of spirochetes from tissue biopsy specimens in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly II media; special histopathologic stains of tissue for spirochetes; and polymerase chain reaction assays of tissue biopsy specimens for established DNA sequences of B burgdorferi. Results: The EM. lesions ranged from 5 to 20 cm (average, 9.6 cm). Five patients (22%) had mild systemic symptoms. All lesions and associated symptoms resolved with antibiotic therapy. Overall, 7 patients (30%) had some evidence of B burgdorferi infection. Cultures from 1 patient (4%) yielded spirochetes, characterized as Borrelia garinii, a European strain not known to occur in the United States; 3 patients (13%) demonstrated spirochetallike forms on special histologic stains; 5 patients (22%) had positive polymerase chain reaction findings with primers for flagellin DNA sequences; and 2 patients (9%) were seropositive for B burgdorferi infection using recommended 2-step CDC methods. No late clinical sequelae were observed after treatment. Conclusions: The EM lesions we observed are consistent with early Lyme disease occurring elsewhere, but laboratory confirmation of B burgdorferi infection is lacking in at least 16 cases (70%) analyzed using available methods. Genetically variable strains of B burgdorferi, alternative Borrelia species, or novel, uncharacterized infectious agents may account for most of the observed EM lesions. C1 Med Coll Georgia, Dept Family Med, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Pathol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Internal Med, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Felz, MW (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Dept Family Med, 1467 Harper St, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 24899]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU 40661, U50/CCU 410281] NR 59 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 135 IS 11 BP 1317 EP 1326 DI 10.1001/archderm.135.11.1317 PG 10 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 254CD UT WOS:000083593600003 PM 10566829 ER PT J AU Esteban, E Rubin, CN Jones, RL Noonan, G AF Esteban, E Rubin, CN Jones, RL Noonan, G TI Hair and blood as substrates for screening children for lead poisoning SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE; ADULTS AB In Russia, hair, rather than blood, is usually used as a substrate for screening children for lead poisoning. We attempted to gauge the accuracy of this method by comparing these two methods. The evaluation was done in Saratov, Russia. We collected hair and blood samples from 189 children who attended 11 kindergartens. Their mean blood lead concentration was 9.8 mu g/dl (range = 3.1-35.7 mu g/dl), and their mean hair lead concentration was 7.2 mu g/g (range = 1.0-7.2 mu g/g [i.e., 1.0 being the lowest detectable limit]). Hair lead concentration as a screening method had 57% sensitivity and resulted in 18% of the children being classified as false-negatives. We conclude, therefore, that measuring hair lead concentration is not an adequate method with which to screen children for lead poisoning. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Esteban, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mail Stop F-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 13 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 54 IS 6 BP 436 EP 440 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 272HC UT WOS:000084643600009 PM 10634234 ER PT J AU LeBaron, CW Rodewald, L Humiston, S AF LeBaron, CW Rodewald, L Humiston, S TI How much time is spent on well-child care and vaccinations? SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VACCINE INFORMATION PAMPHLETS; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PEDIATRIC PRACTICE; IMMUNIZATION; VISITS; ATTITUDES; COVERAGE; INFANTS; IMPACT AB Context: Because well-child care represents the most important prevention opportunity in the health care system, a growing number of activities and indicators have been proposed for it. Objective: To measure the time spent in the various components of well-child care. Design: Time-and-motion study. Setting Five private pediatric practices and 2 public providers in Rochester, NY. Participants: One hundred sixty-four children younger than 2 years. Main Outcome Measure: Duration of family's encounters with the primary care provider (physician or nurse practitioner), nurse, and other personnel. Results: The median encounter times and their component parts in minutes were: (1) primary care provider, 16.3 (physical examination, 4.9; vaccination discussion, 1.9; discussion of other health issues, 9.5; vaccination administration, 0); (2) nurse, 5.6 (physical examination, 3.5; vaccination discussion, 0; other health discussion, 0; vaccine administration, 1.6); and (3) other personnel, 0 for all categories. Public provider setting, African American race of the child, and administration of 4 vaccinations were significantly associated with an increase (3-4 minutes) in the duration of the primary care provider encounter. Only 8 (5%) of families read vaccine information materials. Conclusions: Depending on whether a child makes the usual 3 or recommended 6 number of well-child visits, the total time of well-child care is 45 to 90 minutes during the first year of life and declines to less than 30 minutes per year thereafter as the number of recommended visits diminish. Because high-risk children make half as many well-child care visits as other children, a 3 to 4 minute increase in encounter time is insufficient to provide them with the same level of care as other children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP LeBaron, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 47 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 153 IS 11 BP 1154 EP 1159 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 252HN UT WOS:000083496200007 PM 10555717 ER PT J AU Beck-Sague, CM AF Beck-Sague, CM TI Emergence of Nipah virus SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD NOV PY 1999 VL 65 IS 11 BP 731 EP 731 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 252YP UT WOS:000083530100001 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Piper, M AF Coughlin, SS Piper, M TI Genetic polymorphisms and risk of breast cancer SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Review ID CATECHOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR STATUS; S-TRANSFERASE M1; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; MENOPAUSAL STATUS; AMERICAN WOMEN; HAMSTER-KIDNEY; ATM MUTATIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 94 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1023 EP 1032 PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 255QU UT WOS:000083682300012 PM 10566559 ER PT J AU Oida, T Barr, JR Kimata, K McClure, PC Lapeza, CR Hosoya, K Ikegami, T Smith, CJ Patterson, DG Tanaka, N AF Oida, T Barr, JR Kimata, K McClure, PC Lapeza, CR Hosoya, K Ikegami, T Smith, CJ Patterson, DG Tanaka, N TI Photolysis of polychlorinated biphenyls on octadecylsilylated silica particles SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; ALKALINE 2-PROPANOL; AROCLOR 1254; AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; DECHLORINATION; PCBS; PHOTODECOMPOSITION; PHOTODECHLORINATION; IRRADIATION; CONGENERS AB PCBs were decomposed in a quartz column packed with octadecylsilylated silica particles (ODS-silica) by external UV irradiation. The photolysis of PCBs having two to eight chlorines, including those which are the major constituents of Aroclors (PCB-180, PCB-153. PCB-118, and PCB-105) as well as coplanar PCBs, allowed the examination of the factors that affect the reactivity acid product distribution. Steric congestion and molecular symmetry were found to be the major factors affecting the reactivity and the site of the reaction. Some general rules can explain the seemingly complicated decomposition pathways of various congeners. The results indicate that the dechlorination at the ortho-position which is predominant leads to products having not only higher toxic equivalency factors but also much longer life under photolysis conditions. Highly chlorinated PCBs showed tendency to lose chlorines from meta- or para-positions. The reaction pathways were not much affected by the light source, a mercury lamp with or without a pyrex filter or sunlight, in spite of the reduction in decomposition rate with a weaker light source. Continuous photolysis of highly chlorinated PCBs trapped on ODS-silica from aqueous solution was also possible. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kyoto Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Mat Technol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 606, Japan. Nacalai Tesque, Muko, Kyoto 617, Japan. Kyoto Inst Technol, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 606, Japan. RP Smith, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1795 EP 1807 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00073-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 239AH UT WOS:000082746300003 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR AF McDonald, LC Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR CA Natl Nosocomial Infections Survei TI Seasonal variation of Acinetobacter infections: 1987-1996 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; BAUMANNII OUTBREAK; DIGESTIVE-TRACT; TAP-WATER; CALCOACETICUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANITRATUS; CONTAMINATION; COLONIZATION AB To determine whether nosocomial infections due to Acinetobacter species have increased over the past 10 years and whether infections continue to have a pronounced seasonal variation, we analyzed infections reported by hospitals in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System that performed adult and pediatric intensive care unit surveillance from 1987 through 1996. Overall, 3447 nosocomial acinetobacter infections were reported during 5,596,156 patient-days. There was a yearly median of 7.2 infections (range, 5.0-10.5) per 10,000 patient-days and a downward trend in the rate of acinetobacter infections overall (P < .05) and of 2 major types of infection (P < .05): bloodstream infections (yearly median, 1.6 per 10,000 central venous catheter-days; range, 1.3-2.9) and pneumonia (yearly median, 7.6 per 10,000 ventilator-days; range, 6.5-12.0). Throughout this period, average rates were significantly higher during July-October than during November-June for acinetobacter infections overall (8.0 vs. 5.2; P < .01) and for bloodstream infections (2.0 vs. 1.2; P < .01) and pneumonia (9.7 vs. 6.6; P < .01). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1133 EP 1137 DI 10.1086/313441 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252QA UT WOS:000083512600004 PM 10524953 ER PT J AU Sotir, MJ Parrott, P Metchock, B Bock, NN McGowan, JE Ray, SM Miller, LP Blumberg, HM AF Sotir, MJ Parrott, P Metchock, B Bock, NN McGowan, JE Ray, SM Miller, LP Blumberg, HM TI Tuberculosis in the inner city: Impact of a continuing epidemic in the 1990s SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; POPULATION; TRANSMISSION; MORTALITY; INFECTION AB Tuberculosis cases have recently declined in the United States, renewing interest in disease elimination. We examined the epidemiology of tuberculosis from 1991 through 1997 at an inner-city public hospital and assessed population-based tuberculosis rates by ZIP code in the 8 metropolitan Atlanta counties. During the 7 years, 1378 new patients had tuberculosis diagnosed at our hospital (mean, 197 patients/year), accounting for 25% of tuberculosis cases in Georgia. Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was common, but a significant decrease in the proportion of HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis was noted over time. Most patients were members of a minority group (93%) and were born in the United States (96%), Two inner-city ZIP code areas had annual tuberculosis rates >120 cases per 100,000 persons, and 8 ZIP code areas had annual rates of 47-88 cases per 100,000 persons between 1993 and 1997, compared with the annual national average of 8.7 cases per 100,000 persons. Our hospital continues to care for large numbers of tuberculosis patients, and rates of tuberculosis remain high in the inner city. These data mandate a concentration of efforts and resources in urban locations if tuberculosis control and elimination is to be achieved in the United States. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blumberg, HM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 69 Butler St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K07 HL03078] NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1138 EP 1144 DI 10.1086/313453 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252QA UT WOS:000083512600005 PM 10524954 ER PT J AU Cu-Uvin, S Hogan, JW Warren, D Klein, RS Peipert, J Schuman, P Holmberg, S Anderson, J Schoenbaum, E Vlahov, D Mayer, KH AF Cu-Uvin, S Hogan, JW Warren, D Klein, RS Peipert, J Schuman, P Holmberg, S Anderson, J Schoenbaum, E Vlahov, D Mayer, KH CA HIV Epidemiology Res Study Grp TI Prevalence of lower genital tract infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and high-risk HIV-seronegative women SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; TRANSMISSION; COLONIZATION; VAGINITIS; PREGNANCY; WARTS AB This study was undertaken to assess whether the prevalence of lower genital tract infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women was higher than among high-risk HIV-seronegative women at their baseline visit for the HIV Epidemiology Research Study. Results were available for 851 HIV-seropositive and 434 HIV-seronegative women. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection was more prevalent among HIV-seropositive women (64% vs, 28%), Bacterial vaginosis was common (35% vs. 33%), followed by trichomoniasis (12% vs. 10%), syphilis (8% vs. 6%), Chlamydia trachomatis infection (4% vs. 5%), candidal vaginitis (3% vs. 2%), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection (0.8% vs. 0.3%). Alcohol use (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-2.4) and smoking (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.5) were associated with bacterial vaginosis. Bacterial vaginosis (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5-3.4), trichomoniasis (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.7), and syphilis (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3-7.4) were found to be more prevalent among black women. Our study showed no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of lower genital tract infections except for HPV between HIV-infected and demographically and behaviorally similar HIV-uninfected high-risk women. C1 Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Cu-Uvin, S (reprint author), Miriam Hosp, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA. RI Hogan, Joseph/J-4579-2014 FU CSP VA [U64CU20678, U64CU106795, U64CU306802] NR 34 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1145 EP 1150 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252QA UT WOS:000083512600006 PM 10524955 ER PT J AU Kao, AS Brandt, ME Pruitt, WR Conn, LA Perkins, BA Stephens, DS Baughman, WS Reingold, AL Rothrock, GA Pfaller, MA Pinner, RW Hajjeh, RA AF Kao, AS Brandt, ME Pruitt, WR Conn, LA Perkins, BA Stephens, DS Baughman, WS Reingold, AL Rothrock, GA Pfaller, MA Pinner, RW Hajjeh, RA TI The epidemiology of candidemia in two United States cities: Results of a population-based active surveillance SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; AMPHOTERICIN-B; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; STRAIN VARIATION; SECULAR TRENDS; FUNGEMIA; PARAPSILOSIS AB We conducted prospective, active population-based surveillance for candidemia (defined as any Candida species isolated from blood) in Atlanta and San Francisco (total population, 5.34 million) during 1992-1993, The average annual incidence of candidemia at both sites was 8 per 100,000 population. The highest incidence (75 per 100,000) occurred among infants less than or equal to 1 year old. In 19% of patients, candidemia developed prior to or on the day of admission. Underlying medical conditions included cancer (26%), abdominal surgery (14%), diabetes mellitus (13%), and human immunodeficiency virus infection (10%), In 47% of cases, species of Candida other than Candida albicans were isolated, most commonly Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis. Antifungal susceptibility testing of 394 isolates revealed minimal levels of azole resistance among C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis. These data document the substantial burden of candidemia and its changing epidemiology, Continued surveillance will be important to monitor the epidemiology of candidemia and to detect emergence of resistance to azoles. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Emerging Infect Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Hajjeh, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C09,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [SD-15/15-CID96-001] NR 44 TC 305 Z9 323 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1164 EP 1170 DI 10.1086/313450 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252QA UT WOS:000083512600009 PM 10524958 ER PT J AU Bern, C Garcia, HH Evans, C Gonzalez, AE Verastegui, M Tsang, VCW Gilman, RH AF Bern, C Garcia, HH Evans, C Gonzalez, AE Verastegui, M Tsang, VCW Gilman, RH TI Magnitude of the disease burden from neurocysticercosis in a developing country SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; TAENIA-SOLIUM TAENIASIS; ORTHODOX JEWISH-COMMUNITY; HUMAN CYSTICERCOSIS; PORCINE CYSTICERCOSIS; RISK-FACTORS; EITB ASSAY; EPILEPSY; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Cysticercosis contributes to higher epilepsy rates in developing countries than in industrialized ones, yet no estimate exists for the associated burden of disease. We used epidemiological data on neurocysticercosis in Peru to calculate the burden of disease and applied our model to the other countries of Latin America where neurocysticercosis is endemic to determine a regional estimate. Analysis of 12 population-based community studies demonstrated that neurocysticercosis was endemic in highland areas and high jungles, with seroprevalences from 6% to 24%. In one community, the adult seizure disorder rate was 9.1% among seropositive persons versus 4.6% among seronegative persons; we used this difference for estimates. On the basis of average prevalence rates in areas of endemicity of 6%-10%, we estimated that there are 23,512-39,186 symptomatic neurocysticercosis cases in Peru, In Latin America, an estimated 75 million persons live in areas where cysticercosis is endemic, and similar to 400,000 have symptomatic disease. Cysticercosis contributes substantially to neurological disease in Peru and in all of Latin America. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis MS F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Fac Med Vet, Lima 14, Peru. Univ Cambridge, Sch Clin, Cambridge, England. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis MS F22, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU FDA HHS [FD-R-001107-01]; FIC NIH HHS [5D43TW0001008]; NIAID NIH HHS [1-UO1-AI-35894-01, U01 AI035894]; Wellcome Trust [057434] NR 48 TC 115 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1203 EP 1209 DI 10.1086/313470 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252QA UT WOS:000083512600015 PM 10524964 ER PT J AU Kiwanuka, N Sanders, EJ Rwaguma, EB Kawamata, J Ssengooba, FP Najjemba, R Were, WA Lamunu, M Bagambis, G Burkot, TR Dunster, L Lutwama, JJ Martin, DA Cropp, CB Karabatsos, N Lanciotti, RS Tsai, TF Campbell, GL AF Kiwanuka, N Sanders, EJ Rwaguma, EB Kawamata, J Ssengooba, FP Najjemba, R Were, WA Lamunu, M Bagambis, G Burkot, TR Dunster, L Lutwama, JJ Martin, DA Cropp, CB Karabatsos, N Lanciotti, RS Tsai, TF Campbell, GL TI O'nyong-nyong fever in south-central Uganda, 1996-1997: Clinical features and validation of a clinical case definition for surveillance purposes SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; EPIDEMIC POLYARTHRITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; AUSTRALIA AB O'nyong-nyong (ONN) fever, caused by infection with a mosquito-borne central African alphavirus, is an acute, nonfatal illness characterized by polyarthralgia, During 1996-1997, south-central Uganda experienced the second ONN fever epidemic ever recognized. Among 391 persons interviewed and sampled, 40 cases of confirmed and 21 of presumptive, well-characterized acute, recent, or previous ONN fever were identified through active case-finding efforts or during a household serosurvey and by the application of clinical and laboratory criteria. Among confirmed cases, the knees and ankles were the joints most commonly affected. The median duration of arthralgia was 6 days (range, 2-21 days) and of immobilization was 4 days (range, 1-14 days). In the majority, generalized skin rash was reported, and nearly half had lymphadenopathy, mainly of the cervical region. Viremia was documented in 16 cases, primarily during the first 3 days of illness, and in some of these, body temperature was normal. During this epidemic, the combination of fever, arthralgia, and lymphadenopathy had a specificity of 83% and a sensitivity of 61% in the identification of cases of ONN fever and thus could be useful for surveillance purposes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, San Juan, PR USA. CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Div Emerging & Other Communicable Dis Surveillanc, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Makerere Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. Rakai Dist Med Off, Rakai, Uganda. Kenya Med Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Campbell, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 38 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1243 EP 1250 DI 10.1086/313462 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252QA UT WOS:000083512600021 PM 10524970 ER PT J AU Craig, AS Erwin, PC Schaffner, W Elliott, JA Moore, WL Ussery, XT Patterson, L Dake, AD Hannah, SG Butler, JC AF Craig, AS Erwin, PC Schaffner, W Elliott, JA Moore, WL Ussery, XT Patterson, L Dake, AD Hannah, SG Butler, JC TI Carriage of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and impact of chemoprophylaxis during an outbreak of meningitis at a day care center SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 07-16, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; RISK-FACTORS; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; CHILDREN YOUNGER; INFECTIONS; INFANTS; SURVEILLANCE AB Three cases of meningitis due to multidrug-resistant serotype 14 Streptococcus pneumoniae occurred at a day care center (DCC) over 5 days. Cultures of nasopharyngeal samples were done at the index DCC, 2 comparison DCCs, and a pediatrics practice. Isolates were serotyped and subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with SmaI, Pneumococcal carriage rates ranged from 44%-65% at the 3 DCCs and 29% in the pediatrics practice, Carriage of multidrug-resistant serotype 14 S, pneumoniae was noted in 13%-19% of children at the 3 DCCs, An outbreak strain was identified by PFGE at the index DCC and 1 other DCC; a closely related strain was found in the third DCC, Carriage of the outbreak strain Was associated with being age 0-24 months, antibiotic use, upper respiratory tract infections, and otitis media, DCC contacts of the ill children were offered chemoprophylaxis with rifampin and clindamycin, which produced a profound but transient decrease in carriage. No additional cases occurred. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, E Tennessee Reg Off, Knoxville, TN USA. E Tennessee Childrens Hosp, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Craig, AS (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, 425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. NR 52 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1257 EP 1264 DI 10.1086/313451 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252QA UT WOS:000083512600023 PM 10524972 ER PT J AU Labarca, JA Trick, WE Peterson, CL Carson, LA Holt, SC Arduino, MJ Meylan, M Mascola, L Jarvis, WR AF Labarca, JA Trick, WE Peterson, CL Carson, LA Holt, SC Arduino, MJ Meylan, M Mascola, L Jarvis, WR TI A multistate nosocomial outbreak of Ralstonia pickettii colonization associated with an intrinsically contaminated respiratory care solution SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; COMMON-SOURCE OUTBREAK; PSEUDOMONAS-PICKETTII; BURKHOLDERIA-PICKETTII; SOLANACEARUM; BACTEREMIA; INFECTIONS; STERILE; UNIT AB From 1 February through 30 April 1998, 4 hospitals reported a total of 34 patients colonized with Ralstonia pickettii, All but 1 had been exposed to 0.9% saline solution manufactured by 1 company (Modudose; Kendall, Mainsfield, MA), which was used during endotracheal suctioning, Culture of saline solution from previously unopened vials yielded R, pickettii, All available product and patient isolates were genotypically related by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. The contaminated saline solution was manufactured at the same plant that had been associated with a similar outbreak in 1983, The 1983 and 1998 R. pickettii isolates were unrelated, as determined by PFGE, In both 1983 and 1998, a 0.2-mu m cartridge filter was used for terminal sterilization, The detection of R. pickettii should alert hospital personnel to the possibility of product contamination. In this outbreak, prompt notification of public health agencies resulted in rapid notification of other health care providers, which likely prevented additional outbreaks. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Dept Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Clin Microbiol Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA. Acute Communicable Dis Control Los Angeles Cty, Los Angeles, CA USA. Childrens Hosp, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Trick, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Dept Hlth Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E89, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 22 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1281 EP 1286 DI 10.1086/313458 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252QA UT WOS:000083512600027 PM 10524976 ER PT J AU Augenbraun, M Workowski, K AF Augenbraun, M Workowski, K TI Ceftriaxone therapy for syphilis: Report from the Emerging Infections Network SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS C1 SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch,Guidelines Unit, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Augenbraun, M (reprint author), SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, 450 clarkson Ave,Box 37, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU112346] NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1337 EP 1338 DI 10.1086/313489 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252QA UT WOS:000083512600043 PM 10524994 ER PT J AU Kuehnert, MJ Jarvis, WR AF Kuehnert, MJ Jarvis, WR TI Risk of Candida infection from contaminated aortic valve allografts - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1358 EP 1358 DI 10.1086/313483 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252QA UT WOS:000083512600060 ER PT J AU Hasselschwert, DL Ostrowski, SR AF Hasselschwert, DL Ostrowski, SR TI An atypical case of Mycobacterium bovis in a cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) imported from the Philippines SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB An incidental case of Mycobacterium bovis was confirmed in a cynomolgus macaque from a shipment of 100 animals imported to the University of Southwestern Louisiana New Iberia Research Center from the Philippines. The macaque was euthanized 4 weeks into the quarantine period (October 1997) for failure to thrive and suspected melioidosis, Approximately 6 months later, on 9 March 1998, culture and antigenic probes from kidney tissues identified the etiologic agent as M. bovis. Five remaining cohort animals were euthanized after we obtained the results from the index case. Kidney tissues from two of the cohort animals were positive for M, avium. All animals had negative intradermal skin tests prior to euthanasia. All three animals positive for Mycobacterium were sere-negative for retroviruses, The unusual presentation of this case, coupled with the inability to detect disease by standard means, serves to emphasize the importance of follow-up examination and culture of tissues obtained from imported nonhuman primates. C1 Univ SW Louisiana, New Iberia Res Ctr, New Iberia, LA 70560 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hasselschwert, DL (reprint author), Univ SW Louisiana, New Iberia Res Ctr, 4401 W Admiral Doyle Dr, New Iberia, LA 70560 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 38 IS 6 BP 36 EP 38 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 271LB UT WOS:000084594100008 PM 12086446 ER PT J AU Savage, PJ Narayan, KMV AF Savage, PJ Narayan, KMV TI Reducing cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes - A complex but achievable and affordable task SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS C1 NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Savage, PJ (reprint author), NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, Rockledge 2,6700 Rockledge Dr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 1999 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1769 EP 1770 DI 10.2337/diacare.22.11.1769 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 247FB UT WOS:000083209500002 PM 10546005 ER PT J AU Albrecht, H Horsburgh, CR Vernon, AA AF Albrecht, H Horsburgh, CR Vernon, AA TI Clinical studies of rifapentine SO DRUGS OF TODAY LA English DT Article AB Rifapentine is a promising new rifamycin that offers the potential for once-weekly therapy of tuberculosis. The use of rifapentine in the treatment of tuberculosis in humans has been investigated in five randomized clinical trials. In the initial trials Chinese scientists used a noncommercial locally produced formulation of rifapentine. These trials provided information on the relative safety of this new rifamycin, but neither employed regimens that took advantage of rifapentine's unique potential for once-weekly dosing. The first trial to examine use of rifapentine as part of a truly once-weekly regimen was undertaken by the former Hong Kong unit of the British Medical Research Council. This trial also used the same noncommercial Chinese formulation of rifapentine. The first trial to utilize the Western commercial preparation was a company initiated trial which resulted in formal albeit conditional approval of rifapentine for the treatment of tuberculosis by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The United States Public Health Service Study 22 conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's TB Trials Consortium also evaluated a once-weekly rifapentine-based TB treatment regimen. To date these clinical trials have established the safety and acceptability of the 600 mg dose as part of twice-weekly or once-weekly treatment regimens. Among HIV-positive persons with active TB, however, the once-weekly rifapentine 600 mg-based treatment regimen was associated with rifamycin-resistant relapse. The publicly available data suggest that the 600 mg dose may be suboptimal, resulting in slightly higher rates of relapse compared to standard twice-weekly rifampin-based regimens. Despite these slightly higher rates of relapse, cost effectiveness analysis indicates that rifapentine-based once-weekly treatment regimens could become a cost-effective addition to current options. The greater convenience and economy of once-weekly therapy is such that rifapentine-based treatment regimens merit application now in selected HIV-seronegative TB patients. Appropriate candidates would be HIV-seronegative persons who have been adherent during a three- or four-drug induction regimen over 8 weeks, and who achieve sputum conversion within that time. In the near future, research will evaluate the safety and efficacy of higher doses of rifapentine among HIV-seronegative persons. If safe and well-tolerated, higher doses will likely be studied among HIV-seropositive patients as well. Efforts are also under way to study rifapentine-based protocols evaluating the efficacy of once-weekly dosing in a short-course format of 2-3 months. (C) 1999 Prous Science. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Albrecht, H (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 69 Butler St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RI Albrecht, Helmut/D-5319-2011 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROUS SCIENCE, SA PI BARCELONA PA PO BOX 540, PROVENZA 388, 08025 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0025-7656 J9 DRUGS TODAY JI Drugs Today PD NOV PY 1999 VL 35 SU D BP 29 EP 43 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 269XY UT WOS:000084503800004 ER PT J AU Bern, C Hernandez, B Lopez, MB Arrowood, MJ de Mejia, MA de Merida, AM Hightower, AW Venczel, L Herwaldt, BL Klein, RE AF Bern, C Hernandez, B Lopez, MB Arrowood, MJ de Mejia, MA de Merida, AM Hightower, AW Venczel, L Herwaldt, BL Klein, RE TI Epidemiologic studies of Cyclospora cayetanensis in Guatemala SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN LESS-THAN-5 YEARS; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; OUTBREAK; WATER; RASPBERRIES; NEPAL; AGE AB In 1996 and 1997, cyclosporiasis outbreaks in North America were linked to eating Guatemalan raspberries. We conducted a study in health-care facilities and among raspberry farm workers, as well as a case-control study, to assess risk factors for the disease in Guatemala. From April 6, 1997, to March 19, 1998, 126 (2.3%) of 5,552 surveillance specimens tested positive for Cyclospora; prevalence peaked in June (6.7%). Infection was most common among children 1.5 to 9 years old and among persons with gastroenteritis. Among 182 raspberry farm workers and family members monitored from April 6 to May 29, six had Cyclospora infection. In the case-control analysis, 62 (91%) of 68 persons with Cyclospora infection reported drinking untreated water in the 2 weeks before illness, compared with 88 (73%) of 120 controls (odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 10.8 by univariate analysis). Other risk factors included water source, type of sewage drainage, ownership of chickens or other fowl, and contact with soil (among children younger than 2 years). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Valle, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop F22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 766 EP 774 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100004 PM 10603209 ER PT J AU Keysary, A Amram, L Keren, G Sthoeger, Z Potasman, I Jacob, A Strenger, C Dawson, JE Waner, T AF Keysary, A Amram, L Keren, G Sthoeger, Z Potasman, I Jacob, A Strenger, C Dawson, JE Waner, T TI Serologic evidence of human monocytic and granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Israel SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB We conducted a retrospective serosurvey of 1,000 persons in Israel who had fever of undetermined cause to look for Ehrlichia chaffeensis antibodies. Four of five cases with antibodies reactive to E. chaffeensis were diagnosed in the summer, when ticks are more active. All patients had influenzalike symptoms with high fever. None of the cases was fatal. Three serum samples were also seroreactive for antibodies to E. canis, and one was also reactive to the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent. The titer to the HGE agent in this patient was higher than the serum titer to E. chaffeensis, and the Western blot analysis also indicated that the HGE agent was the primary cause of infection. We present the first serologic evidence that the agents of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and HGE are present in Israel. Therefore, human ehrlichiosis should be included in the differential diagnoses for persons in Israel who have been exposed to ticks and have influenzalike symptoms. C1 Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-70400 Ness Ziona, Israel. Asaf Harofe Med Ctr, Tzrifin, Israel. Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. Kaplan Hosp, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Bnei Zion Med Ctr, Haifa, Israel. Schneider Childrens Med Ctr Israel, Petah Tiqwa, Israel. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Waner, T (reprint author), Israel Inst Biol Res, POB 19, IL-70400 Ness Ziona, Israel. NR 13 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 775 EP 778 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100005 PM 10603210 ER PT J AU Yokoe, DS Subramanyan, GS Nardell, E Sharnprapai, S McCray, E Platt, R AF Yokoe, DS Subramanyan, GS Nardell, E Sharnprapai, S McCray, E Platt, R TI Supplementing tuberculosis surveillance with automated data from health maintenance organizations SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Data collected by health maintenance organizations (HMOs), which provide care for an increasing number of persons with tuberculosis (TB), may be used to complement traditional TB surveillance. We evaluated the ability of HMO-based surveillance to contribute to overall TB reporting through the use of routinely collected automated data for approximately 350,000 HMO members. During approximately 1.5 million person-years, 45 incident Gases were identified in either HMO or public health department records. Eight (18%) confirmed cases had not been identified by the public health department. The most useful screening criterion (sensitivity of 89% and predictive value positive of 30%) was dispensing of two or more TB drugs. Pharmacy dispensing information routinely collected by many HMOs appears to be a useful adjunct to traditional TB surveillance, particularly for identifying cases without positive microbiologic results that may be missed by traditional public health surveillance methods. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02130 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Med Sch, Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Yokoe, DS (reprint author), 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-95-0957-010] NR 10 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 779 EP 787 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100006 PM 10603211 ER PT J AU Subramanyan, GS Yokoe, DS Sharnprapai, S Nardell, E McCray, E Platt, R AF Subramanyan, GS Yokoe, DS Sharnprapai, S Nardell, E McCray, E Platt, R TI Using automated pharmacy records to assess the management of tuberculosis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB We used automated pharmacy dispensing data to characterize tuberculosis (TB) management for 45 health maintenance organization (HMO) members. Pharmacy records distinguished patients treated in HMOs from those treated elsewhere. For cases treated in HMOs, they provided useful information about appropriateness of prescribed regimens and adherence to therapy. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02130 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Med Sch, Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Yokoe, DS (reprint author), 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-95-0957-010] NR 10 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 788 EP 791 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100007 PM 10603212 ER PT J AU Calderon, G Pini, N Bolpe, J Levis, S Mills, J Segura, E Guthmann, N Cantoni, G Becker, J Fonollat, A Ripoll, C Bortman, M Benedetti, R Sabattini, M Enria, D AF Calderon, G Pini, N Bolpe, J Levis, S Mills, J Segura, E Guthmann, N Cantoni, G Becker, J Fonollat, A Ripoll, C Bortman, M Benedetti, R Sabattini, M Enria, D TI Hantavirus reservoir hosts associated with peridomestic habitats in Argentina SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION AB Five species of sigmodontine rodents have been identified in Argentina as the putative reservoirs of six circulating hantavirus genotypes. Two species of Oligoryzomys are associated with the genotypes causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Oligoryzomys flavescens for Lechiguanas and O, longicaudatus for Andes and Oran genotypes. Reports of human cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome prompted rodent trapping (2,299 rodents of 32 species during 27,780 trap nights) at potential exposure sites in three disease-endemic areas. Antibody reactive to Sin Nombre virus was found in six species, including the known hantavirus reservoir species. Risk for peridomestic exposure to host species that carry recognized human pathogens was high in all three major disease-endemic areas. C1 Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr Julio I, RA-2700 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Dept Zoonosis Rurales Azul, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Nacl Comahue, SC De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Fdn Lillo, San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. Dept Chagas & Patol Reg, San Salvador De Jujuy, Argentina. Subsecretaria Salud, Neuquen, Argentina. Zona Sanitaria Noroeste, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina. RP Calderon, G (reprint author), Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr Julio I, Monteagudo 2510, RA-2700 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 12 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 792 EP 797 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100008 PM 10603213 ER PT J AU Hajjeh, RA Reingold, A Weil, A Shutt, K Schuchat, A Perkins, BA AF Hajjeh, RA Reingold, A Weil, A Shutt, K Schuchat, A Perkins, BA TI Toxic shock syndrome in the United States: Surveillance update, 1979-1996 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; FEATURES; TAMPONS AB Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS) emerged as a public health threat to women of reproductive age in 1979-80. We reviewed surveillance data for the period 1979 to 1996, when 5,296 cases were reported, and discuss changes in the epidemiologic features of TSS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hajjeh, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Shutt, Kathleen/0000-0003-3376-6152 NR 18 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 807 EP 810 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100011 PM 10603216 ER PT J AU Eng, SB Werker, DH King, AS Marion, SA Bell, A Issac-Renton, JL Irwin, GS Bowie, WR AF Eng, SB Werker, DH King, AS Marion, SA Bell, A Issac-Renton, JL Irwin, GS Bowie, WR TI Computer-generated dot maps as an epidemiologic tool: Investigating an outbreak of toxoplasmosis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB We used computer-generated dot maps to examine the spatial distribution of 94 Toxoplasma gondii infections associated with an outbreak in British Columbia, Canada. The incidence among patients served by one water distribution system was 3.52 times that of patients sewed by other sources. Acute T. gondii infection among 3,812 pregnant women was associated with the incriminated distribution system. C1 Capital Reg Dist Hlth Dept, Victoria, BC, Canada. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Greater Victoria Water Dist, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Eng, SB (reprint author), Hlth Protect & Environm Serv, Capital Hlth Res, 201-771 Vernon Ave, Victoria, BC V8X 5A7, Canada. EM steven.eng@caphealth.org NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 815 EP 819 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100013 PM 10603218 ER PT J AU Baer, JT Vugia, DJ Reingold, AL Aragon, T Angulo, FJ Bradford, WZ AF Baer, JT Vugia, DJ Reingold, AL Aragon, T Angulo, FJ Bradford, WZ TI HIV infection as a risk factor for shigellosis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INSTITUTIONS; COUNTY; AIDS AB We investigated cases of shigellosis in San Francisco and Alameda Counties identified during 1996 by active laboratory surveillance to assess the role of HIV infection as a risk factor for shigellosis. Dramatically elevated rates of shigellosis in HIV-infected persons implicate HIV infection as an important risk factor for shigellosis in San Francisco. C1 Calif Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Intrabiot Pharmaceut Inc, Mt View, CA 94080 USA. RP Bradford, WZ (reprint author), Intrabiot Pharmaceut Inc, 1255 Terra Bella Ave, Mt View, CA 94080 USA. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 820 EP 823 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100014 PM 10603219 ER PT J AU Fiore, AE Levine, OS Elliott, JA Facklam, RR Butler, JC AF Fiore, AE Levine, OS Elliott, JA Facklam, RR Butler, JC CA Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance TI Effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for preschool-age children with chronic disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SICKLE-CELL DISEASE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; EFFICACY; IMMUNIZATION; BACTEREMIA; INFANTS; RISK AB To estimate the effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, we serotyped isolates submitted to the Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance System from 1984 to 1996 from 48 vaccinated and 125 unvaccinated children 2 to 5 years of age. Effectiveness against invasive disease caused by serotypes included in the vaccine was 63%. Effectiveness against serotypes in the polysaccharide vaccine but not in a proposed seven-valent protein conjugate vaccine was 94%. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fiore, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 828 EP 831 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100016 PM 10603221 ER PT J AU Schwartz, B Rabinovich, NR AF Schwartz, B Rabinovich, NR TI Stimulating the development of orphan (and other) vaccines SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Schwartz, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 832 EP 832 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100017 PM 10603222 ER PT J AU Bacellar, F Beati, L Franca, A Pocas, J Regnery, R Filipe, A AF Bacellar, F Beati, L Franca, A Pocas, J Regnery, R Filipe, A TI Israeli spotted fever rickettsia (Rickettsia conorii Complex) associated with human disease in Portugal SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS C1 Ctr Estudos Vectores & Doencas Infecciosas, Inst Nacl Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Aguas De Moura, Portugal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hosp Garcia da Orta, Almada, Portugal. Hosp Sao Bernardo, Setubal, Portugal. RP Bacellar, F (reprint author), Ctr Estudos Vectores & Doencas Infecciosas, Inst Nacl Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Aguas De Moura, Portugal. NR 8 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 835 EP 836 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100020 PM 10603225 ER PT J AU Labarca, JA McDonald, LC Pinto, ME Palavecino, E Gonzalez, P Cona, E Fernandez, A Giglio, MS Jarvis, WR AF Labarca, JA McDonald, LC Pinto, ME Palavecino, E Gonzalez, P Cona, E Fernandez, A Giglio, MS Jarvis, WR TI Proficiency in detecting vancomycin resistance in enterococci among clinical laboratories in Santiago, Chile SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID ARGENTINA; ABILITY C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Chilean Soc Infect Dis, Santiago, Chile. RP Labarca, JA (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 839 EP 840 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100023 PM 10603228 ER PT J AU Mead, PS Slutsker, L Griffin, PM Tauxe, RV AF Mead, PS Slutsker, L Griffin, PM Tauxe, RV TI Food-related illness and death in the United States - Reply SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mead, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 1 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 12 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 841 EP 842 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100025 ER PT J AU Hahn, R AF Hahn, R TI Why race is differentially classified on US birth and infant death certificates - The author replies SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hahn, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 IS 6 BP 793 EP 794 DI 10.1097/00001648-199911000-00038 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 248TB UT WOS:000083290500038 ER PT J AU Osiri, M McNicholl, J Moreland, LW Bridges, SL AF Osiri, M McNicholl, J Moreland, LW Bridges, SL TI A novel single nucleotide polymorphism and five probable haplotypes in the 5 ' flanking region of the IL-6 gene in African-Americans SO GENES AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Editorial Material DE single nucleotide polymorphism; IL-6; African-American ID INTERLEUKIN-6 AB In order to identify novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we sequenced a 940 bp region of the 5' flanking region of the IL-6 gene in 63 normal African-Americans. We identified a biallelic (G/C) SNP at position -573 relative to the transcription start site (-573C allele frequency 0.095). This SNP, together with SNPs at -598 and -174, allows identification of five probable haplotypes. Haplotypes containing the -174C allele, which has been associated with lower plasma IL-6 levels, were uncommon (4%). These haplotypes may influence IL-6 gene transcription and thus may contribute to racial differences in the prevalence of inflammatory diseases. C1 Univ Alabama, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Emory Univ, Div AIDS STD TB & Lab Res, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Bridges, SL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, 415 Lyons Harrison Res Bldg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. FU PHS HHS [R01A-A44384] NR 4 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1466-4879 J9 GENES IMMUN JI Genes Immun. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 1 IS 2 BP 166 EP 167 DI 10.1038/sj.gene.6363652 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 342TW UT WOS:000088662100014 PM 11196667 ER PT J AU Wang, SS Fernhoff, PM Hannon, WH Khoury, MJ AF Wang, SS Fernhoff, PM Hannon, WH Khoury, MJ TI Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: Human genome epidemiology review SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase; MCAD deficiency; epidemiology; review; gene ID INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; MCAD DEFICIENCY; MUTATION; GENE; PREVALENCE; COENZYME; FREQUENCY; POPULATION; FRANCE AB Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) is a tetrameric flavoprotein essential for the P-oxidation of medium chain fatty acids. MCAD deficiency (MCADD) is an inherited error of fatty acid metabolism. The gene for MCAD is located on chromosome one (1p31). One Variant of the MCAD gene, G985A, a point mutation causing a change from lysine to glutamate at position 304 (K304E) in the mature MCAD protein, has been found in 90% of the alleles in MCADD patients identified retrospectively. There is a high frequency of MCADD among people of Northern European descent, which is believed to be due to a founder effect. MCADD is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Of patients clinically diagnosed with MCADD, 81% who have been identified retrospectively are homozygous for K304E, and 18% are compound heterozygotes for K304E. Clinical data on the probability of clinical disease indicates that MCADD patients are at risk for the following outcomes: hypoglycemia, vomiting, lethargy, encephalopathy, respiratory arrest, hepatomegaly, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest, coma, and sudden and unexpected death. Long-term outcomes include developmental and behavioral disability, chronic muscle weakness, failure to thrive, cerebral palsy, and attention deficit disorder (ADD). Differences in clinical disease specific to allelic variants have not been documented. Factors that may increase risk for disease onset or modify disease severity are age when the first episode occurred, fasting, and presence of infection. Acute attacks must be treated immediately with appropriate intravenous doses of glucose. For those diagnosed, long-term management of the disease includes preventing stress caused by fasting and maintaining a high-carbohydrate, reduced-fat diet, and carnitine supplementation. Hospitalization costs attributable to morbidity and mortality from MCADD are unknown, MCADD is not a diagnosis in the international Classification of Disease, 10th Revision (ICP10) codebook. Furthermore, the penetrance of the MCAD genotypes is unknown; there appears to be a substantial number of asymptomatic MCADD individuals and some uncertainty regarding which individuals will manifest symptoms and which individuals will remain asymptomatic. Several technologies are available to detect MCADD. Diagnostic technologies include DNA-based tests for K304E mutations using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the detection of abnormal metabolites in urine. Screening technologies include tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), which detects abnormal metabolites mostly in blood. State programs are beginning to offer screening in newborns for MCADD using MS/MS. In addition, a private company currently offers voluntary supplemental newborn screening for MCADD to birthing centers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 43 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 1 IS 7 BP 332 EP 339 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 271JL UT WOS:000084590400004 PM 11263545 ER PT J AU Miller, CW AF Miller, CW TI An application of the NCRP screening techniques to atmospheric radon releases from the former Feed Materials Production Center near Fernald, Ohio SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE National Council on Radiation Protection and; Measurements; screening measurements; environmental transport; modeling; dose assessment AB The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements has published a series of screening models for releases of radionuclides to the environment. These models have been used to prioritize radionuclides being considered in environmental dose reconstructions. The NCRP atmospheric models are also accepted by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for demonstrating compliance with the constraint on releases of airborne radioactive materials to the environment from licensees other than power reactors. This study tested the NCRP atmospheric techniques by comparing annual average predicted air concentrations of radon with measured radon concentrations at 14 locations 43 m to 598 m downwind of the former U.S. Department of Energy Feed Materials Production Center (FMPC) near Fernald, Ohio, for the period 2 July 1985 to 2 July 1986. Predictions were made using five different sets of meteorological data as input: (1) NCRP default values; (2) composite FMPC site data; (3) data from the Greater Cincinnati Airport; (4) data from the Dayton, Ohio, airport; and (5) data collected at Miami University, located near Oxford, Ohio. Following are the respective medians and ranges of the ratio of the predicted to observed annual radon air concentrations for each of these sources of meteorological data: (1) 5.2, 0.9-54; (2) 1.4, 0.1-8.2; (3) 0.7, 0.1-7.2; (4) 0.7, 0.1-8.4; and (5) 0.6 0.1-10. The stated goal of the NCRP models is to predict doses that do not underpredict actual doses by greater than a factor of 10. In this comparison, all of the meteorological data produced air concentration predictions that meet this criteria. However, to ensure that final doses meet this criterion, one would need to carefully evaluate all assumptions used to calculate dose from each of these air concentrations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Radiat Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cym3@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 77 IS 5 BP 545 EP 555 DI 10.1097/00004032-199911000-00009 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 243NM UT WOS:000083004200008 PM 10524509 ER PT J AU Unger, ER Hewan-Lowe, KO AF Unger, ER Hewan-Lowe, KO TI An unusual cervical carcinoma showing exception to epitheliotropism of human papillomavirus - Reply SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Unger, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1397 EP 1397 DI 10.1016/S0046-8177(99)90078-3 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 254DP UT WOS:000083596900023 ER PT J AU Mustafa, AS Lundin, KEA Meloen, RH Shinnick, TM Oftung, F AF Mustafa, AS Lundin, KEA Meloen, RH Shinnick, TM Oftung, F TI Identification of promiscuous epitopes from the mycobacterial 65-kilodalton heat shock protein recognized by human CD4(+) T cells of the Mycobacterium leprae memory repertoire SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; VACCINATED HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; BOVIS BCG; PATHOGENIC MYCOBACTERIA; RECOMBINANT ANTIGENS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; INVITRO INDUCTION; CLONES RECOGNIZE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TUBERCULOSIS AB By using a synthetic peptide approach, we mapped epitopes from the mycobacterial 65-kDa heat shock protein (HSP65) recognized by human T cells belonging to the Mycobacterium leprae memory repertoire. A panel of HSP65 reactive CD4(+) T-cell lines and clones were established from healthy donors 8 years after immunization with heat-killed M. leprae and then tested for proliferative reactivity against overlapping peptides comprising both the M. leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP65 sequences. The results showed that the antigen-specific T-cell lines and clones established responded to 12 mycobacterial HSP65 peptides, of which 9 peptides represented epitopes crossreactive between the M tuberculosis and M. leprae HSP65 (amino acids [aa] 61 to 75, 141 to 155, 151 to 165, 331 to 345, 371 to 385, 411 to 425, 431 to 445, 441 to 455, and 501 to 515) and 3 peptides (aa 343 to 355, 417 to 429, and 522 to 534) represented M. leprae HSP65-specific epitopes. Major histocompatibility complex restriction analysis showed that presentation of 9 of the 12 peptides to T cells were restricted by one of the 2 HLA-DR molecules expressed from self HLA-DRB1 genes, whereas 3 peptides with sequences completely identical between the M. leprae and M. tuberculosis HSP65 were presented to T cells by multiple HLA-DR molecules: peptide (aa 61 to 75) was presented by HLA-DR1, -DR2, and -DR7, peptide (aa 141 to 155) was presented by HLA-DR2, -DR7, and -DR53, whereas both HLA-DR2 and -DR4 (Dw4 and Dw14) were able to present peptide (aa 501 to 515) to T cells. In addition, the T-cell lines responding to these peptides in proliferation assays showed cytotoxic activity against autologous monocytes/macrophages pulsed with the same HSP65 peptides. In conclusion, we demonstrated that promiscuous peptide epitopes from the mycobacterial HSP65 antigen can serve as targets for cytotoxic CD4(+) T cells which belong to the human memory T-cell repertoire against M. leprae. The results suggest that such epitopes might be used in the peptide-based design of subunit vaccines against mycobacterial diseases. C1 Kuwait Univ, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Safat 13110, Kuwait. Natl Hosp Norway, Inst Transplantat Immunol, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. DLO, ID, Inst Anim Sci & Hlth, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Vaccinol, N-0462 Oslo, Norway. RP Mustafa, AS (reprint author), Kuwait Univ, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, POB 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait. NR 67 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 67 IS 11 BP 5683 EP 5689 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 249QD UT WOS:000083343000019 PM 10531216 ER PT J AU Hutin, YJF Goldstein, ST Varma, JK O'Dair, JB Mast, EE Shapiro, CN Alter, MJ AF Hutin, YJF Goldstein, ST Varma, JK O'Dair, JB Mast, EE Shapiro, CN Alter, MJ TI An outbreak of hospital-acquired hepatitis B virus infection among patients receiving chronic hemodialysis SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR 27-29, 1997 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID CENTERS; VACCINE; UNIT AB OBJECTIVE: To investigate a cluster of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections between December 1995 and May 1996 among chronic hemodialysis patients in one county. SETTING: Two dialysis centers (A and B) and a hospital (C) in one county. PATIENTS: Six case-patients who were dialyzed in one of two centers, A and B, and had all been hospitalized between January and February 1996 at hospital C. METHODS: Patient 1, usually dialyzed in center A, seroconverted to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in December 1995 and could have been the source of infection for the others, who seroconverted between March and April 1996. Two cohort studies were conducted: one among patients dialyzed in center A, to determine where transmission had occurred, and one among patients dialyzed at hospital C at the time patient 1 was hospitalized, to identify factors associated with infection. RESULTS: Four (15%) of the 26 susceptible patients dialyzed at center A became infected with HBV. Hospitalization at hospital C when patient 1 was hospitalized was associated with infection (P=.002). A cohort study of the 10 susceptible patients dialyzed at hospital C during the time patient 1 was hospitalized did not identify specific risk factors for infection. However, supplies and multidose vials were shared routinely among patients, providing opportunities for transmission. CONCLUSION: When chronic hemodialysis patients require dialysis while hospitalized, their HBsAg status should be reviewed, and no instrument, supplies, or medications should be shared among them. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Allegheny Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Hepatitis Branch, MS G37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 20 IS 11 BP 731 EP 735 DI 10.1086/501573 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 256PA UT WOS:000083733000003 PM 10580622 ER PT J AU Wang, SA Levine, RB Carson, LA Arduino, MJ Killar, T Grillo, FG Pearson, ML Jarvis, WR AF Wang, SA Levine, RB Carson, LA Arduino, MJ Killar, T Grillo, FG Pearson, ML Jarvis, WR TI An outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia in hemodialysis patients traced to hemodialysis machine waste drain ports SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; DIALYSIS; UNIT AB OBJECTIVE: To investigate an outbreak of gram-negative bacteremias at a hemodialysis center (December 1, 1996-January 31, 1997). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. Reviewed infection control practices and maintenance and disinfection procedures for the water system and dialysis machines. Performed cultures of the water and dialysis machines, including the waste-handling option (WHO), a drain port designed to dispose of saline used to flush the dialyzer before patient use. Compared isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. SETTING: A hemodialysis center in Maryland, RESULTS: 94 patients received dialysis on 27 machines; 10 (11%) of the patients had gram-negative bacteremias. Pathogens causing these infections were Enterobacter cloacae (n=6), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=4), and Escherichia coli (n=2); two patients had polymicrobial bacteremia. Factors associated with development of gram-negative bacteremias were receiving dialysis via a central venous catheter (CVC) rather than via an arterio-venous shunt (all 10 infected patients had CVCs compared to 31 of 84 uninfected patients, relative risk [RR] undefined; P<.001) or dialysis on any of three particular dialysis machines (7 of 10 infected patients were exposed to the three machines compared to 20 of 84 uninfected patients, RR=5.8; P=.005). E cloacae, P aeruginosa, or both organisms were grown from cultures obtained from several dialysis machines. WHO valves, which prevent backflow from the drain to dialysis bloodlines, were faulty in 8 (31%) of 26 machines, including 2 of 3 machines epidemiologically linked to case-patients. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of available dialysis machine and patient E cloacae isolates were identical. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that WHO ports with incompetent valves and resultant backflow were a source of cross-contamination of dialysis bloodlines and patients' CVCs. Replacement of faulty WHO valves and enhanced disinfection of dialysis machines terminated the outbreak. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Frederick Mem Reg Dialysis Ctr, Frederick, MD USA. RP Pearson, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 23 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 20 IS 11 BP 746 EP 751 DI 10.1086/501576 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 256PA UT WOS:000083733000006 PM 10580625 ER PT J AU Burwen, DR Seawright, MF AF Burwen, DR Seawright, MF TI staffTRAK-TB: Software for surveillance of tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends periodic tuberculin skin testing of healthcare workers with potential exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, many healthcare facilities have neither a system to identify workers due for their skin test nor a means of analyzing aggregate data. To illustrate some of the complexities involved in tuberculin skin test (TST) tracking and analysis, and how these might be addressed, this report describes a software package called staffTRAK-TB, developed by the CDC to facilitate surveillance of tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers. staffTRAK-TB records data for each healthcare worker, including demographic information, occupation, work location, multiple TST results, and results of evaluations to determine if clinically active tuberculosis is present. Programmed reports include lists of workers due and overdue for skin tests, and skin test conversion rates by occupation or worksite. Standardization of types of occupations and locations allows data from multiple facilities to be aggregated and compared. Data transfer to the CDC can be performed via floppy diskettes. staffTRAK-TB illustrates important issues in software structure, standardization of occupation and work-location information, relevant data items, and reports and analyses that would be useful in practice. Developing software that adequately addresses the epidemiological issues is complex, and the lessons learned may serve as a model for hospital epidemiologists, infection control personnel, occupational health personnel, and computer programmers considering software development in this area or trying to optimize their facility's TST surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Burwen, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop E10,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 20 IS 11 BP 770 EP 777 DI 10.1086/501582 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 256PA UT WOS:000083733000012 PM 10580631 ER PT J AU Chen, IL Eckhardt, JN Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jarvis, WR AF Chen, IL Eckhardt, JN Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jarvis, WR TI Satellite videoconferencing for healthcare workers: Audience characteristics and the importance of continuing education credits SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL-EDUCATION; PHYSICIAN AB To assess the opinions of healthcare workers (HCWs) about a satellite videoconference as a means of earning continuing education credit, a telephone survey was conducted in September 1998, 1 month after a live interactive satellite videoconference on antimicrobial use and resistance. There were 180 registered sites in 45 states surveyed, representing 1,589 viewers: 764 nurses (48.1%), 201 physicians (12.6%), and 624 other HCWs (39.3%). Continuing education credit was requested by 51% of nurses, 31% of physicians, and 27% of all other HCWs. Although preferred learning formats varied, 70% of respondents said it was important to offer continuing education credit. Furthermore, 31% of the respondents stated that the video-conference influenced institutional strategies. We concluded that satellite videoconferences are a method to reach audiences around the world efficiently and effectively provide the latest information, facilitate interaction, and meet some of the demand for continuing education credit for HCWs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 20 IS 11 BP 778 EP 780 DI 10.1086/501583 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 256PA UT WOS:000083733000013 PM 10580632 ER PT J AU Morgan, UM Xiao, LH Fayer, R Lal, AA Thompson, RCA AF Morgan, UM Xiao, LH Fayer, R Lal, AA Thompson, RCA TI Variation in Cryptosporidium: towards a taxonomic revision of the genus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Cryptosporidium; genotypes; species; taxonomy ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PIG CAVIA-PORCELLUS; PARASITIC PROTOZOA; GUINEA-PIGS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; POPULATION STRUCTURES AB Cryptosporidium is an important cause of enteric disease in humans and other animals. Limitations associated with conventional diagnostic methods for cryptosporidiosis based on morphological features, coupled with the difficulty of characterising parasites isolated in the laboratory, have restricted our ability to clearly identify species. The application of sensitive molecular approaches has obviated the necessity for laboratory amplification. Such studies have found considerable evidence of genetic heterogeneity among isolates of Cryptosporidium from different species df: vertebrate, and there is now mounting evidence suggesting that a series of host-adapted genotypes/strains/species of the parasite exist. In this article, studies on the molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium during the last 5 years are reviewed and put into Perspective with the past and present taxonomy of the genus. The predictive value of achieving a sound taxonomy for the genus Cryptosporidium with respect to understanding its epidemiology and transmission and controlling outbreaks of the disease is also discussed. (C) 1999 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Murdoch Univ, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Murdoch Univ, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. ARS, USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Morgan, UM (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 144 TC 119 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1733 EP 1751 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(99)00109-5 PG 19 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 258ZN UT WOS:000083869700001 PM 10616920 ER PT J AU Iseman, MD Spinaci, S Weil, D Coulibaly, IM Cruz, R Mantala, J Roscigno, G Bakhle Trebucq, A Ellard, G Mitchison, DA Fourie, PB de Goege, M Frieden, T Ottmani, S AF Iseman, MD Spinaci, S Weil, D Coulibaly, IM Cruz, R Mantala, J Roscigno, G Bakhle Trebucq, A Ellard, G Mitchison, DA Fourie, PB de Goege, M Frieden, T Ottmani, S TI Panel discussion III SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. IUATLD, Paris, France. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Iseman, MD (reprint author), WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 3 IS 11 SU 3 BP S381 EP S387 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 256FQ UT WOS:000083715600022 ER PT J AU Kenyon, TA Kenyon, AS Kgarebe, BV Mothibedi, D Binkin, NJ Layloff, TP AF Kenyon, TA Kenyon, AS Kgarebe, BV Mothibedi, D Binkin, NJ Layloff, TP TI Detection of substandard fixed-dose combination tuberculosis drugs using thin-layer chromatography SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; treatment; drug quality; thin-layer chromatography; pharmaceutical management; counterfeit; drugs; drug-resistant TB; fixed-dose combinations ID RESISTANCE AB SETTING: A convenience sample of 13 fixed-dose combination (FDC) tuberculosis (TB) drugs from 'The Fixed Dose Combination Project' was analysed in laboratories at the University of Botswana and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). OBJECTIVE: TO determine actual versus stated content of drugs in these FDCs. DESIGN: Chemical analysis was performed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) as a screening method, and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry or liquid chromatography (LC) as confirmation. FDCs with content outside of 85-115% of stated concentration were defined as substandard. RESULTS: All 13 FDCs contained the stated drugs. However, four (31%) were substandard, including two (15%) with low rifampicin content, one (8%) with excessive rifampicin, and one (8%) with excessive pyrazinamide. Both FDCs with low rifampicin contained four drugs and failed TLC screening. The FDC with excessive rifampicin was not detected by TLC screening. Using UV as the gold standard, the sensitivity of TLC for low rifampicin was 2/2 (100%), and the specificity was 9/10 (90%). CONCLUSION: This Study found that 31% of the FDCs in 'The Fixed Dose Combination Project' had substandard content, irrespective of bioavailability. Low rifampicin content, which can be reliably detected by TLC screening, was identified in both four-drug FDC products and is particularly worrisome. TB drugs should be screened for quality using TLC to optimise treatment outcomes and to prevent increases in acquired drug resistance. C1 BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Div Testing & Appl Analyt Dev, St Louis, MO USA. Univ Botswana, Dept Chem, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Kenyon, TA (reprint author), Amer Embassy Gaborone State Dept, BOTUSA Project, Washington, DC 20521 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 3 IS 11 SU 3 BP S347 EP S350 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 256FQ UT WOS:000083715600015 PM 10593716 ER PT J AU Flores, SA AF Flores, SA TI Attributional biases in sexually coercive males SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 66th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Psychological-Association CY MAR-APR -, 1995 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP E Psychol Assoc ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; ACQUAINTANCE RAPE; AGGRESSION; MODEL; PERCEPTIONS; PERSONALITY; BEHAVIOR; ASSAULT; VICTIMS AB A social cognitive framework was applied to sexually coercive behavior. Sixty-two male undergraduates completed a self-report measure of sexually coercive behavior, as well as several questionnaires assessing trait aggression, the encoding of sexual behaviors, attributions of hostile intent, and traditional attitudes toward women. Results demonstrate a relationship between the encoding of sexual behaviors and committing sexually coercive behaviors. A tendency to encode ambiguous dating behaviors as admissions of sexual intent related strongly to initiating sexually coercive behavior, while none of the variables examined were strongly related to persisting in sexually coercive behavior. Similar effects were found when controlling for all of the other variables. Implications for intervention designs are discussed. C1 SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Flores, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 7 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0021-9029 J9 J APPL SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2425 EP 2442 DI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00119.x PG 18 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 271PX UT WOS:000084603600013 ER PT J AU Breon, FM Jackson, D Bates, J AF Breon, FM Jackson, D Bates, J TI Evidence of atmospheric contamination on the measurement of the spectral response of the GMS-5 water vapor channel SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITES; HUMIDITY AB The GMS-5 geostationary satellite carries a channel centered at 6.7 mu m for the measurement of upper-tropospheric humidity. This channel's spectral response shows structures that are similar to those shown by the atmospheric transmission. This note shows that these structures probably result from water vapor absorption between the calibration source and the instrument while making the response measurement, A corrected filter is proposed after normalization by the inferred atmospheric transmission. The brightness temperatures computed by a radiative transfer model using the spurious response exhibit a warm bias of about 1 K. C1 NOAA, CIRES, ERL, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Breon, FM (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, ERL, CDC, R-E-CD,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Bates, John/D-1012-2009; Jackson, Darren/D-5506-2015; Breon, Francois-Marie/M-4639-2016 OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406; Jackson, Darren/0000-0001-5211-7866; Breon, Francois-Marie/0000-0003-2128-739X NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1851 EP 1853 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<1851:EOACOT>2.0.CO;2 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 258VH UT WOS:000083859600015 ER PT J AU Pincus, DH Coleman, DC Pruitt, WR Padhye, AA Salkin, IF Geimer, M Bassel, A Sullivan, DJ Clarke, M Hearn, V AF Pincus, DH Coleman, DC Pruitt, WR Padhye, AA Salkin, IF Geimer, M Bassel, A Sullivan, DJ Clarke, M Hearn, V TI Rapid identification of Candida dubliniensis with commercial yeast identification systems SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; ALBICANS; STRAINS AB Candida dubliniensis is a newly described species that is closely related phylogenetically to Candida albicans and that is commonly associated with oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Several recent studies have attempted to elucidate phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of use in separating the two species. However, results obtained with simple phenotypic tests were too variable and tests that provided more definitive data were too complex for routine use in the clinical laboratory setting. The objective of this study was to determine if reproducible identification of C. dubliniensis could be obtained with commercial identification kits. The substrate reactivity profiles of 80 C. dubliniensis isolates were obtained by using the API 20C AUX, ID 32 C, RapID Yeast Plus, VITEK YBC, and VITEK 2 ID-YST systems. The percentages of C. dubliniensis isolates capable of assimilating or hydrolyzing each substrate were compared with the percentages from the C. albicans profiles in each kit's database, and the results were expressed as percent C. dubliniensis and percent C. albicans. Any substrate that showed >50% difference in reactivity was considered useful in differentiating the species. In addition, assimilation of methyl-or-D-glucoside (MDG), D-trehalose (TRE), and D-xylose (XYL) by the same isolates was investigated by the traditional procedure of Wickerham and Burton (L. J. Wickerham and K. A. Burton, J. Bacteriol. 56:363-371, 1948). At 48 h (the time recommended by the manufacturer for its new database), we found that the assimilation of four carbohydrates in the API 20C AUX system could be used to distinguish the species, i.e., glycerol (GLY; 88 and 14%), XYL (0 and 88%), MDG (0 and 85%), and TRE (15 and 97%). Similarly, results with the ID 32 C system at 48 h showed that Xn (0 and 98%), MDG (0 and 98%), lactate (LAT; 0 and 96%), and TRE (30 and 96%) could be used to separate the two species. Phosphatase (PHS; 9 and 76%) and alpha-D-glucosidase (23 and 94%) proved to be the most useful for separation of the species in the RapID Yeast Plus system. While at 24 h the profiles obtained with the VITEK YBC system showed that MDG (10 and 95%), XYL (0 and 95%), and GLY (26 and 80%) could be used to separate the two species, at 48 h only Xn (6 and 95%) could be used to separate the two species. The most useful substrates in the VITEK 2 ID-YST system were TRE (1 and 89%), MDG (1 and 99%), LAT (4 and 98%), and PHS (83 and 1%). While the latter kit was not yet commercially available at the time of the study, it would appear to be the most valuable for the identification of C. dubliniensis. Although assimilation of MDG, TRE, and Xn proved to be the most useful for species differentiation by the majority of commercial systems, the results with these carbohydrates by the Wickerham and Burton procedure were essentially the same for both species, albeit following protracted incubation. Thus, it is the rapidity of the assimilation achieved with the commercial systems that allows the differentiation of C. dubliniensis from C. albicans. C1 Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Oral Med & Oral Pathol, Sch Dent Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dublin Dent Hosp, Dublin 2, Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Bio Merieux Inc, Dept 015B1L3, Hazelwood, MO 63042 USA. RP Pincus, DH (reprint author), Bio Merieux Inc, Dept 015B1L3, 595 Anglum Rd, Hazelwood, MO 63042 USA. RI Coleman, David/C-2008-2009; Sullivan, Derek/A-8269-2008 OI Coleman, David/0000-0003-1797-2888; Sullivan, Derek/0000-0003-0195-9697 NR 29 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 37 IS 11 BP 3533 EP 3539 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 246FT UT WOS:000083154300019 PM 10523548 ER PT J AU Hubert, SK Mohammed, JM Fridkin, SK Gaynes, RP McGowan, JE Tenover, FC AF Hubert, SK Mohammed, JM Fridkin, SK Gaynes, RP McGowan, JE Tenover, FC TI Glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus: Evaluation of a novel screening method and results of a survey of selected US hospitals SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; VANCOMYCIN; RESISTANT; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; STRAIN AB Isolates of Staphylococcus am eus with decreased susceptibilities to glycopeptide antimicrobial agents, such as vancomycin and teicoplanin, have emerged in the United States and elsewhere, Commercially prepared brain heart infusion agar (BHIA) supplemented with 6 mu g of vancomycin per mi was shown in a previous study to detect glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus (GISA) with high sensitivity and specificity; however, this medium, when prepared in-house, occasionally showed growth of vancomycin-susceptible control organisms. This limitation could significantly impact laboratories that prepare media in-house, particularly if they wished to conduct large surveillance studies for GISA, Therefore, a pilot study to detect GISA was performed with vancomycin-containing Mueller-Hinton agar (MWA) prepared in-house in place of commercially prepared BHIA, MNA was selected for this study because this medium is widely available and well standardized, The results of the pilot study showed that supplementation of MHA with 5 mu g of vancomycin per mi was both a sensitive and a specific method for screening for GISA isolates. This method was used to screen for GISA among 630 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S, aureus collected during 1997 from 33 U.S. hospitals, Although 14 S. aureus isolates grew on the screening agar, all were vancomycin susceptible (MICs were less than or equal to 1 mu g/ml) by broth microdilution testing. Population analyses of five isolates revealed two with a subpopulation for which vancomycin MICs were 8 mu g/ml. In summary, the MHA screen plate containing 5 pg of vancomycin per mi prepared in-house provides a sensitive and cost-effective method for large-scale screening for GISA for which vancomycin MICs are 8 mu g/ml. However, confirmation of isolates as vancomycin resistant is critical, This study suggests that GISA was not a widespread problem in the United States in 1997. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McGowan, JE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Room 442GCR, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 18 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 37 IS 11 BP 3590 EP 3593 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 246FT UT WOS:000083154300029 PM 10523558 ER PT J AU Polish, LB Robertson, BH Khanna, B Krawczynski, K Spelbring, J Olson, F Shapiro, CN AF Polish, LB Robertson, BH Khanna, B Krawczynski, K Spelbring, J Olson, F Shapiro, CN TI Excretion of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in adults: Comparison of immunologic and molecular detection methods and relationship between HAV positivity and infectivity in tamarins SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK AB Fecal excretion of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in 18 patients with HAV infection was evaluated by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect viral antigen and by reverse transcription-PCR amplification followed by ethidium bromide staining (PCR-ETBr) or nucleic acid hybridization (PCR-NA) to detect viral genetic material. A gradation of sensitivity was observed in the detection of virus by the three methods. In persons who had detectable virus, serial stool samples were found to be positive by EIA for up to 24 days after the peak elevation of liver enzymes. Viral genetic material could be detected by PCR-ETBr for up to 34 days and by PCR-NA for up to 54 days after the peak elevation of liver enzymes. After intravenous inoculation of tamarins with stool suspensions categorized as highly reactive for HAV (positive by EIA, PCR-ETBr, and PCR-NA), moderately reactive (positive by PCR-ETBr and PCR-NA), or weakly reactive (positive by PCR-NA), only tamarins infected with highly reactive stool suspensions (EIA positive) developed HAV infection. We conclude that positivity of stool specimens for HAV by PCR-ETBr or PCR-NA indicates a lower potential for infectivity, compared to that of EIA-positive stools. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,PHS,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Montana Dev Ctr, Boulder, MT USA. RP Polish, LB (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Box 8051,660 S Euclid St, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 37 IS 11 BP 3615 EP 3617 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 246FT UT WOS:000083154300034 PM 10523563 ER PT J AU Hernandez, SM Morlock, GP Butler, WR Crawford, JT Cooksey, RC AF Hernandez, SM Morlock, GP Butler, WR Crawford, JT Cooksey, RC TI Identification of Mycobacterium species by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses using fluorescence capillary electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; GENE AMPLIFICATION; TUBERCULOSIS; LEVEL; STRAINS; AVIUM; ASSAY AB We developed a scheme for the rapid identification of Mycobacterium species based upon PCR amplification of polymorphic genetic regions with fluorescent primers followed by restriction and analysis by fluorescence capillary electrophoresis. Mycobacterium species were identified by restriction enzyme analysis of a 439-bp segment of the 65-kDa heat shock protein gene (labeled [both strands] at the 5' end with 4,7,2',7'-tetrachloro-6-carboxyfluorescein) using Haem and BstEII and of a 475-bp hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene (labeled [both strands] at the 5' end with 6-carboxyfluorescein) using HaeIII and CfoI. Samples were analyzed on an automated fluorescence capillary electrophoresis instrument, and labeled fragments were sized by comparison with an internal standard. DNA templates were prepared with pure cultures of type strains. In all, we analyzed 180 strains, representing 22 Mycobacterium species, and obtained distinctive restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns for 19 species, Three members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex had a common RFLP pattern. A computerized algorithm which eliminates subjectivity from pattern interpretation and which is capable of identifying the species within a sample was developed. The convenience and short preparatory time of this assay make it comparable to conventional methodologies such as highperformance liquid chromatography and hybridization assays for identification of mycobacteria. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cooksey, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Mail Stop F08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 37 IS 11 BP 3688 EP 3692 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 246FT UT WOS:000083154300046 PM 10523575 ER PT J AU Gherardi, G Inostrozo, JS O'Ryan, M Prado, V Prieto, S Arellano, C Facklam, RR Beall, B AF Gherardi, G Inostrozo, JS O'Ryan, M Prado, V Prieto, S Arellano, C Facklam, RR Beall, B TI Genotypic survey of recent beta-lactam-resistant pneumococcal nasopharyngeal isolates from asymptomatic children in Chile SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEINS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CAPSULAR TRANSFORMATION; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; UNITED-STATES; IN-VIVO; CLONES; SEROTYPE AB To assess pneumococcal strain variability among young asymptomatic carriers in Chile, we used serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and genotyping to analyze 68 multidrug-resistant pneumococcal isolates recovered from 54 asymptomatic children 6 to 48 months of age. The isolates represented capsular serotypes 19F (43 isolates), 14 (14 isolates), 23F (7 isolates), 6B (3 isolates), and 6A (1 isolate). Genotypic analysis, which included pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of chromosomal digests, penicillin binding protein (PBP) gene fingerprinting, and dhf gene fingerprinting, revealed that the isolates represented six different genetic lineages. Clear circumstantial evidence of capsular switching was seen within each of four of the genetically related sets. The majority of the isolates, consisting of the 43 19F isolates and 2 type 6B isolates, appeared to represent a genetically highly related set distinct from previously characterized pneumococcal strains. Each of three other genetically defined lineages was closely related to one of the previously characterized clones Spain(6B)-2, France(9V)-3, or Spain(23F)-1. A fifth lineage was comprised of four type 23F isolates that, by the techniques used for this study, were genetically indistinguishable from three recent type 19F sterile-site isolates from the United States. Finally, a sixth lineage was represented by a single type 23F isolate which had a unique PFGE type and unique PBP and dhf gene fingerprints. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ La Frontera, Hosp Reg Temuco, Immunol Lab, Temuco, Chile. Univ Chile, Sch Med, Microbiol Unit, Santiago, Chile. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM beb0@cdc.gov RI O'Ryan, Miguel/H-3478-2013 OI O'Ryan, Miguel/0000-0002-7926-2163 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 37 IS 11 BP 3725 EP 3730 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 246FT UT WOS:000083154300056 PM 10523585 ER PT J AU Avila-Campos, MJ Sacchi, CT Whitney, AM Steigerwalt, AG Mayer, LW AF Avila-Campos, MJ Sacchi, CT Whitney, AM Steigerwalt, AG Mayer, LW TI Specific primer for AP-PCR identification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; AP-PCR; molecular typing ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; MICROBIOLOGY; PLAQUE AB Vie used arbitrarily-primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) to design and construct a specific primer pair for the identification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. We analyzed 25 DNA samples of A. actinomycetemcomitans isolated from patients with localized juvenile periodontitis. From 90 AP-PCR primers screened, one amplification product was selected, cloned in pCR II vector, and sequenced. The sequence was used to design a single pair of specific primers. The sequence was compared with GenBank entries using BLAST and showed no significant matches. PCR amplification using the new primer pair AA1416 produced a characteristic 3.5-Kb band in all A, actinomycetemcomitans DNAs tested. Primer pair AA16S produced no or different amplicon profiles using DNA samples from bacterial species other than A. actinomycetemcomitans. Our results show that this single primer pair AA1416 can be used in PCR to identify 4. actinomycetemcomitans isolates and differentiate them from other periodontal bacteria. These approaches appear promising in facilitating laboratory identification and taxonomy of putative periodontopathogens. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Microbiol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Adolfo Lutz Inst, Bacteriol Div, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Avila-Campos, MJ (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Microbiol, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 1374, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Avila-Campos, Mario/D-7727-2012 OI Avila-Campos, Mario/0000-0002-2378-7251 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0303-6979 J9 J CLIN PERIODONTOL JI J. Clin. Periodontol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 26 IS 11 BP 699 EP 704 DI 10.1034/j.1600-051X.1999.261101.x PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 254LR UT WOS:000083613900001 PM 10589804 ER PT J AU Ramos-Gomez, FJ Tomar, SL Ellison, J Artiga, N Sintes, J Vicuna, G AF Ramos-Gomez, FJ Tomar, SL Ellison, J Artiga, N Sintes, J Vicuna, G TI Assessment of early childhood caries and dietary habits in a population of migrant Hispanic children in Stockton, California SO JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY FOR CHILDREN LA English DT Article DE early childhood caries; nursing caries; baby bottle tooth decay; Mexican; migrant; infant; children; primary dentition; maxillary incisor; bottle feeding; breastfeeding; prevalence; epidemiology; risk factors ID BOTTLE TOOTH-DECAY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; NURSING CARIES; PREVALENCE AB Objective: This study estimated the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) and related behavioral risk factors in a population of low-income, Mexican-American children in Stockton, California. Methods: We collected data for 220 children ages six years or less using a parent-completed questionnaire and clinical dental examinations during the Su Salud Health and Education Fair in July 1995. We employed five case definitions of ECC: buccal or Lingual caries on one or two primary maxillary incisors; caries on any surface of one or two primary maxillary incisors; and five decayed, missing (due to caries), or filled primary teeth.(1-5) Results: The prevalence of ECC ranged from 12.3 percent to 30.5 percent, depending upon the case definition. More than 17 percent of children age two years had one primary maxillary incisor affected by caries on the buccal or lingual surface; 13.2 percent had two affected. Mean age at weaning from breast-or bottle-feeding and patterns of bottle use during sleep did not differ significantly between children with ECC and those without. There were no clear patterns of cariogenic food frequency and disease status. Conclusions: Our findings question whether feeding patterns with human breast milk, formula, or bovine milk are sufficient etiologic factors for this condition. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat Dent, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Serv Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Dept Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ramos-Gomez, FJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat Dent, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC DENTISTRY CHILD PI CHICAGO PA JOHN HANCOCK CENTER, 875 N MICHIGAN AVE, STE 4040, CHICAGO, IL 60611-1901 USA SN 0022-0353 J9 J DENT CHILD JI J. Dent. Child. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 66 IS 6 BP 395 EP + PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics GA 271LA UT WOS:000084594000007 PM 10656122 ER PT J AU Rogers, JF Killough, GG Thompson, SJ Addy, CL McKeown, RE Cowen, DJ AF Rogers, JF Killough, GG Thompson, SJ Addy, CL McKeown, RE Cowen, DJ TI Estimating environmental exposures to sulfur dioxide from multiple industrial sources for a case-control study SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric pollution; environmental; exposure; SO2; transport modeling ID TERM AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS; HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES; NEVADA TEST SITE; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; ASSOCIATIONS; METHODOLOGY; POLLUTANTS AB This paper first discusses how population exposures to environmental pollutants are estimated from environmental monitoring data and the problems that are encountered in estimating risk from pollutants on the basis of ecologic studies. We then present a technique of estimating individualized exposures to an atmospheric pollutant, sulfur dioxide (SO2), through atmospheric transport modeling for a case-control study. The transport model uses the quantities of SO2 released from 30 geographically identified industrial facilities and meteorological data (wind speed and direction) to predict the downwind ground-level concentrations of SO2 at geographically identified residences, receptors, of 797 study subjects. A distribution of facility SO2 emissions, uncertainties in effective stack height, and model uncertainty are incorporated to examine the uncertainty in the predicted versus ambient monitoring SO2 levels, and to generate an exposure uncertainty distribution for both the cases and controls. The transport model's accuracy is evaluated by comparing recorded ambient measurements of SO2 with the model's predicted SO2 estimates at geographically identified ambient monitoring stations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Radiat Studies Branch MS F35, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rogers, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Radiat Studies Branch MS F35, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 9 IS 6 BP 535 EP 545 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500059 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 297VP UT WOS:000086103600001 PM 10638839 ER PT J AU Lehmann, T Hawley, WA Grebert, H Danga, M Atieli, F Collins, FH AF Lehmann, T Hawley, WA Grebert, H Danga, M Atieli, F Collins, FH TI The rift valley complex as a barrier to gene flow for Anopheles gambiae in Kenya SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; WESTERN KENYA; DIFFERENTIATION; MALARIA; STATISTICS; MOSQUITO; AFRICA AB Recent studies of Anopheles gambiae, the principal mosquito vector of malaria in Africa, suggested that the eastern Rift Valley and its surrounding areas act as a barrier to gene flow. To quantify the unique effect of these areas on gene flow, we measured genetic variation within and between populations from each side of the Rift. Low differentiation was measured between populations on each side of the Rift (mean F-ST < 0.008, mean R-ST < 0.002), However, high differentiation was measured across the Rift (mean F-ST = 0.104; mean R-ST = 0.032), Genetic diversity within populations was lower in eastern populations, suggesting that the effective population sizes (N-e) of these populations were lower than those of western populations. We partitioned the overall differentiation across the Rift into three factors: variation in N-e between populations contributed 7-20%; distance contributed 10-30%, and the remainder, corresponding to the unique effect of the Rift was 50-80%, The Rift's effect was highly significant based on F-ST. The greater sensitivity of F-ST in measuring differentiation indicated that drift and not mutation generated the differences between populations. Restricted gene exchange across several hundred kilometers on the face of intense human transportation implies that active mosquito dispersal is the major form of migration, and that migration is a multistep process, where step length is relatively short. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Clin Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Lehmann, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F22,4770 Buford Hwy, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 36 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 90 IS 6 BP 613 EP 621 DI 10.1093/jhered/90.6.613 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 259ZE UT WOS:000083923200004 PM 10589511 ER PT J AU Sanders, EJ Rwaguma, EB Kawamata, J Kiwanuka, N Lutwama, JJ Ssengooba, FP Lamunu, M Najjemba, R Were, WA Bagambisa, G Campbell, GL AF Sanders, EJ Rwaguma, EB Kawamata, J Kiwanuka, N Lutwama, JJ Ssengooba, FP Lamunu, M Najjemba, R Were, WA Bagambisa, G Campbell, GL TI O'nyong-nyong fever in south-central Uganda, 1996-1997: Description of the epidemic and results of a household-based seroprevalence survey SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID VIRUS AB O'nyong-nyong (ONN) fever, an acute, nonfatal illness characterized by polyarthralgia, is caused by infection with a mosquito-borne central African alphavirus. During 1996-1997, south-central Uganda experienced the second ONN fever epidemic ever recognized. During January and early February 1997, active case-finding and a household cluster serosurvey were conducted in two affected and two comparison areas. A confirmed case was defined as an acute febrile illness with polyarthralgia occurring within the previous 9 months plus serologic confirmation or isolation of ONN virus from blood. In affected (n = 129) and comparison (n = 115) areas, the estimated infection rates were 45% and 3%, respectively, and the estimated attack rates were 29% and 0%, respectively, for an apparent:inapparent infection ratio of nearly 2 in affected areas. In villages sampled near Lake Kijanebalola, Rakai District, the estimated infection and attack rates were 68% and 41%, respectively, and 55% of sampled households had greater than or equal to 1 case of ONN fever. In conclusion, this epidemic was focused near lakes and swamps, where it was associated with high infection and attack rates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, San Juan, PR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. Rakai District Med Off, Rakai, Uganda. WHO, Div Emerging & Other Communicable Dis Surveillanc, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Campbell, GL (reprint author), POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 180 IS 5 BP 1436 EP 1443 DI 10.1086/315073 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252TZ UT WOS:000083519500004 PM 10515801 ER PT J AU Rudolph, KM Crain, MJ Parkinson, AJ Roberts, MC AF Rudolph, KM Crain, MJ Parkinson, AJ Roberts, MC TI Characterization of a multidrug-resistant clone of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B in Alaska using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PspA serotyping SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MULTIRESISTANT CLONE; 23F; FRANCE; SPREAD; CARE AB Antimicrobial susceptibility, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) serotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used to evaluate clonal relatedness among 66 invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B collected during 1982-1996 from patients in Alaska. Thirty-seven (56%) of the isolates had penicillin minimal inhibitory concentration values greater than or equal to 0.125 mu g/mL and were resistant to at least 1 other antibiotic. Fourteen PspA serotypes were observed; PspA 16 was the most common (35%), Forty-five (68%) of the 66 isolates shared common and highly related PFGE patterns using 3 enzymes. Twenty-six (58%) of the isolates with common PFGE patterns were from Native Alaskan children less than or equal to 2 years of age residing in 1 region of Alaska. The PFGE patterns of Alaskan serotype 6B were distinct from those of the South African 6B-8 and Spanish 6B-2 multidrug-resistant clones, suggesting that the Alaskan 6B isolates were distinct from these other pneumococcal 6B clones but genetically related to them. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Diagnost Lab, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat & Microbiol, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rudolph, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Diagnost Lab, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 180 IS 5 BP 1577 EP 1583 DI 10.1086/315062 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252TZ UT WOS:000083519500021 PM 10515818 ER PT J AU Bunnell, RE Dahlberg, L Rolfs, R Ransom, R Gershman, K Farshy, C Newhall, WJ Schmid, S Stone, K St Louis, M AF Bunnell, RE Dahlberg, L Rolfs, R Ransom, R Gershman, K Farshy, C Newhall, WJ Schmid, S Stone, K St Louis, M TI High prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in urban adolescent females despite moderate risk behaviors SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress of Sexually Transmitted Diseases CY OCT 19-22, 1997 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; YOUNG-WOMEN; CONDOM USE; TRANSMISSION; COHORT; RACE AB To better understand the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among female adolescents, a prospective 6-month cohort study was conducted at four teen clinics in a southeastern city. At enrollment, 260 (40%) of 650 sexually active females ages 14-19 years had an STD: chlamydia, 27%; herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), 14%; gonorrhea, 6%; trichomoniasis, 3%; and hepatitis B, 2%. At follow-up, 112 (23%) of 501 participants had an incident infection: chlamydia, 18%; HSV-2, 4%; gonorrhea, 4%; and trichomoniasis, 3%. At either enrollment or follow-up, 53% had greater than or equal to 1 STD; of those with 1 lifetime partner, 30% had an STD, Having a new partner (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.2) or friends who sell cocaine (OR, 1.6; CI, 1.0-2.6) was independently associated with incident infection. STD incidence and prevalence were extremely high in this population, even in teenagers with only 1 lifetime partner. Individual risk behaviors appeared less important for STD risk than population factors. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA. Utah State Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Colorade Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. RP Bunnell, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA. NR 44 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 180 IS 5 BP 1624 EP 1631 DI 10.1086/315080 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252TZ UT WOS:000083519500028 PM 10515825 ER PT J AU Mazzulli, T Peret, TCT McGeer, A Cann, D MacDonald, KS Chua, R Erdman, DD Anderson, LJ AF Mazzulli, T Peret, TCT McGeer, A Cann, D MacDonald, KS Chua, R Erdman, DD Anderson, LJ TI Molecular characterization of a nosocomial outbreak of human respiratory syncytial virus on an adult leukemia/lymphoma ward SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 24-28, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID COMMUNITY; STRAINS; INFECTIONS AB Although nosocomial transmission of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and its effect on morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised adults are well recognized, few studies have applied molecular techniques to differentiate nosocomial from community-acquired infections. Between January and April 1997, an outbreak of HRSV occurred among adult patients in a leukemia/lymphoma ward. Among 45 hospitalized patients undergoing bronchoscopy for investigation of acute respiratory illness, 8 were identified with HRSV infection. One infected patient developed symptoms before admission and was thought to be the index case. However, subsequent sequencing of 7 HRSV isolates identified 2 distinct genotypes, GA5 (1 case) and GB3 (6 cases). The 6 GB3 isolates could be further differentiated into 2 strains with identical nucleotide sequences that differed from each other and from 14 community HRSV isolates. Instead of a single nosocomial outbreak of HRSV, multiple introductions of HRSV likely occurred with distinct lines of nosocomial transmission. C1 Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Respirat & Enterovirus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mazzulli, T (reprint author), Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, 600 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 15 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 180 IS 5 BP 1686 EP 1689 DI 10.1086/315085 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252TZ UT WOS:000083519500036 PM 10515833 ER PT J AU Othoro, C Udhayakumar, V AF Othoro, C Udhayakumar, V TI The cytokine balance in severe malarial anemia - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Kenya Med Res Inst, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Mail Stop F 12,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 180 IS 5 BP 1754 EP 1755 DI 10.1086/315100 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252TZ UT WOS:000083519500058 ER PT J AU Mahanty, S Kalwar, R Rollin, PE AF Mahanty, S Kalwar, R Rollin, PE TI Cytokine measurement in biological samples after physicochemical treatment for inactivation of biosafety level 4 viral agents SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE gamma radiation; chemokines; viral inactivation ID EBOLA; VIRUSES; PSORALEN; MARBURG; LASSA AB Physicochemical techniques such as gamma-irradiation, membrane disruption by detergents like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and fixation with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde are routinely used to inactivate biological specimens from patients and animals infected with Filoviruses and Arena viruses that must be studied in BSL 4 facilities. The effects of these inactivation techniques on the levels of immunologically active proteins like cytokines and chemokines are not known. Therefore, we investigated the effect of several decontamination techniques on the immunoreactivity and bioactivity of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-12, and IFN-gamma, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and the chemokine IL-8 in biological specimens. SDS (96%-100% reduction), paraformaldehyde treatment (11%-100% reduction), and heat denaturation (75%-100% reduction) were found to decrease markedly the levels of all cytokines and chemokines as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In contrast, gamma-irradiation was found to have little or no effect on the immunoreactivity of these cytokines/chemokines and on the biological activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha. Our data suggest that, of the agents tested, gamma-irradiation is the preferred technique for inactivation of biological specimens containing viral agents that require the use of BSL 4 for immunological studies. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mahanty, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mahanty, Siddhartha/0000-0003-1068-0524 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199911)59:3<341::AID-JMV14>3.0.CO;2-C PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 242HQ UT WOS:000082934800014 PM 10502267 ER PT J AU Calvert, GM Merling, JW Burnett, CA AF Calvert, GM Merling, JW Burnett, CA TI Ischemic heart disease mortality and occupation among 16-to 60-year-old males SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FIRE FIGHTERS; DEATH CERTIFICATE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; UNITED-STATES; JOB STRAIN; HEALTH; FIREFIGHTERS; ACCURACY; WORKERS AB Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, and the role of occupation continues to generate interest, Using the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance system proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analyses were used to examine the association between occupation and ischemic heart disease among 16- to 60-year-old males. We used data from 1982-1992 from 27 states. Separate analyses were conducted for blue-collar and white-collar occupations. Among the blue-collar occupations with the highest PMRs for ischemic heart disease mortality were sheriffs, correctional institution officers, policemen, firefighters, and machine operators. Physicians (blacks:only) and clergy (both races) were among the white-collar occupations with the highest PMRs for ischemic heart disease, Although more study is needed, consideration should be made for targeting high-PMR occupations, with improvement in work organization to reduce occupational stress and promotion of healthy lifestyles through cardiovascular disease prevention programs. C1 NIOSH, Surveillance Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dayton, OH USA. RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), NIOSH, Surveillance Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 41 IS 11 BP 960 EP 966 DI 10.1097/00043764-199911000-00007 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 254YR UT WOS:000083642300007 PM 10570501 ER PT J AU Hendricks, SA Landsittel, DP Amandus, HE Malcan, J Bell, J AF Hendricks, SA Landsittel, DP Amandus, HE Malcan, J Bell, J TI A matched case-control study of convenience store robbery risk factors SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SELECTION; STRATEGIES; CRIME AB Convenience store clerks have been shown to be at high risk for assault and homicide, mostly owing to robbery or robbery attempts, Although the literature consistently indicates that at least some environmental designs are effective deterrents of robbery, the significance of individual interventions and policies has differed across past studies. To address these issues, a matched case-control study of 400 convenience store robberies in three metropolitan areas of Virginia was conducted. Conditional logistic regression was implemented to evaluate the significance of various environmental designs and other factors possibly related to convenience store robbery. Findings indicate that numerous characteristics of the surrounding environment and population were significantly associated with convenience store robbery, Results also showed that, on a univariate level, most crime prevention factors were significantly associated with a lower risk for robbery, Using a forward selection process, a multivariate model, which included cash handling policy, bullet-resistant shielding, and numerous characteristics of the surrounding area and population, was identified. This study addressed numerous limitations of the previous literature by prospectively collecting extensive data on a large sample of diverse convenience stores and directly addressing the current theory on the robbers' selection of a target store through a matched case-control design. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Virginia Union Univ, Criminal Justice Program, Richmond, VA 23220 USA. RP Hendricks, SA (reprint author), NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS P1133, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 41 IS 11 BP 995 EP 1004 DI 10.1097/00043764-199911000-00012 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 254YR UT WOS:000083642300012 PM 10570506 ER PT J AU Murphy, FT George, R Kubota, K Fears, M Pope, V Howard, RS Dennis, GJ AF Murphy, FT George, R Kubota, K Fears, M Pope, V Howard, RS Dennis, GJ TI The use of Western blotting as the confirmatory test for syphilis in patients with rheumatic disease SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE systemic lupus erythematosus; syphilis; Venereal Disease Research Laboratory; Western blot; fluorescent treponemal antibody test; rapid plasma reagin ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; ANTICARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODIES; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; MEDICAL LITERATURE; REVISED CRITERIA; DIAGNOSTIC-TEST; CLASSIFICATION; ARTICLE; CARDIOLIPIN AB Objective. As a direct or indirect result of antiphospholipid antibody production, subjective laboratory interpretation, and false positive results, the common serologic tests for syphilis have been inherently inaccurate diagnostic tests in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of syphilis testing in patients with SLE and other autoimmune diseases using the treponemal Western blot (TWB) as the gold standard. Methods. A prospective cohort study carried out at a tertiary care medical center. We studied 107 patients with autoimmune disease, 50 with at least one positive serologic test for syphilis and 57 disease matched controls. Prior to enrollment all eligible patients underwent a clinical assessment performed by at least 2 rheumatologists to confirm a diagnosis of rheumatic disease. All subjects underwent serologic testing, in blinded fashion, for syphilis using the rapid plasma reagin test (RPR), Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL), fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS), and the TWB. Results, Eighty-seven percent of the patients studied were female, the mean age was 46.5 years, and the most common diagnosis at the time of enrollment was SLE. Using the TWB as the gold standard diagnostic test for syphilis, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values for each syphilis test were calculated, The sensitivity and specificity For the RPR in patients with rheumatic disease was 62.5% (95% confidence interval 24.5 to 91.5%) and 91.9% (95% CI 84.2 to 96.2%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for the VDRL were 37.5% (95% CI 8.5 to 75.5%) and 89.9% (95% CI 81.8 to 94.8%), respectively. Confirmatory syphilis testing using the FTA-ABS showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 68.6 to 100%) and a specificity of 67.7% (95% CI 57.4 to 76.5%). Eight patients tested positive for syphilis by Western blotting. For the FTA-ABS test, there was a significantly higher number of false positive results (n = 32) compared to false negative results (n = 0), p < 0.0005. Conclusion. The FTA-ABS is not an accurate confirmatory test for syphilis in patients with SLE and other autoimmune diseases. While a negative FTA-ABS may exclude syphilis infection in the majority of cases, a positive FTA-ABS test result cannot assuredly confirm syphilis infection in this population. Western blotting is an accurate confirmatory test for syphilis and may be necessary to unequivocally discern the immunological response of syphilis from that of an underlying auto-immune disease. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Rheumatol Serv, Div Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Murphy, FT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Rheumatol Serv, Div Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2448 EP 2453 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 252HA UT WOS:000083495000031 PM 10555908 ER PT J AU Lowry, R Cohen, LR Modzeleski, W Kann, L Collins, JL Kolbe, LJ AF Lowry, R Cohen, LR Modzeleski, W Kann, L Collins, JL Kolbe, LJ TI School violence, substance use, and availability of illegal drugs on school property among US high school students SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PROBLEM BEHAVIOR; RISK; ADOLESCENCE AB To determine if school violence is associated with substance use and availability of illegal drugs at school, this study examined data from the 1995 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationally representative sample of 10,904 high school students. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to describe the associations of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use (on and off school property), and availability of illegal drugs at school with five indicators of school violence - weapon-carrying physical fighting, having property stolen or damaged, being threatened or injured, and being absent from school because of feeling unsafe. School violence indicators increased with the number of substances used and the location of use (on school property vs. off school property). School violence was associated with availability of illegal drugs at school, even among students who did not use substances. These findings suggest a need for coordinated violence and substance use prevention programs for youth in school and community settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Surveillance Res Sect, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Dept Educ, Safe & Drug Free Sch Program, Washington, DC 20202 USA. RP Lowry, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Surveillance Res Sect, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD NOV PY 1999 VL 69 IS 9 BP 347 EP 355 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 270DL UT WOS:000084520100001 PM 10633319 ER PT J AU Rugg, DL AF Rugg, DL TI High-risk sexual behavior: Interventions with vulnerable populations. SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review ID PREVENTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Div HIB AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rugg, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Div HIB AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC SCIENTIFIC STUDY SEX INC PI MT VERNON PA PO BOX 208, MT VERNON, IA 52314 USA SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 414 EP 417 PG 4 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 267KC UT WOS:000084356300013 ER PT J AU Tomar, SL Winn, DM AF Tomar, SL Winn, DM TI Chewing tobacco use and dental caries among US men SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-For-Dental-Research CY MAR 04-07, 1998 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Periodontal Res Grp, Amer Assoc Dental Res ID SMOKELESS-TOBACCO; UNITED-STATES; ROOT CARIES; EXTRACTS; MUCOSAL AB Background. Chewing tobacco has high levels of sugars and may be cariogenic, but few studies have investigated such an association. This study examined the relationship between chewing tobacco use and dental caries among U.S. adult men. Methods, Participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 1988 to 1994 were interviewed about tobacco use and examined by dentists. The authors included in their analysis dentate men 18 years of age or older. They calculated the mean number of decayed or filled permanent teeth, or DFT, and decayed or filled coronal tooth surfaces, or DFS, as well as the mean number and percentage of decayed or filled root surfaces, or RDFS, and decayed root surfaces, or RDS, by tobacco-use status. They used multiple logistic regression to examine the association between chewing tobacco use and root-surface caries. Results. Men who currently used only chewing tobacco had a higher adjusted mean number of DFT than did those who currently used only snuff, only cigarettes or more than one form of tobacco or who never used tobacco. Mean DFS also was higher among chewing tobacco users than among those who used only snuff, only cigarettes or more than one form of tobacco. Chewing tobacco users had a higher mean RDFS and RDS than did the users of other forms of tobacco or nonusers. Current users of chewing tobacco were more than four times as likely as those who never used tobacco to have one or more RDFS or RDS, with a dose-response relationship between number of packages used per week and odds of having root-surface caries. Conclusions. In addition to its established role as a carcinogen, chewing tobacco may be a risk factor in the development of root-surface caries and, to a lesser extent, coronal caries. This may be due to high sugar content, increased gingival recession and enhanced collagenase activity. Clinical Implications. Interventions by dentists and other members of the oral health care team to prevent tobacco use and help users quit can reduce the risk of developing oral and systemic disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Tomar, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 33 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 130 IS 11 BP 1601 EP 1610 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 254GY UT WOS:000083604600026 PM 10573940 ER PT J AU Hanlon, CA Olson, JG Clark, CJ AF Hanlon, CA Olson, JG Clark, CJ CA Natl Working Grp Rabies Prevention TI Article I: Prevention and education regarding rabies in human beings SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; RACCOON RABIES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINATION; ECONOMICS; WILDLIFE; COYOTES; VIRUS AB Substantial changes in the epizootic characteristics of rabies have transpired in the United States during the past 50 years. Traditional veterinary practices and public health recommendations have effectively controlled rabies in dogs and prevented associated human fatalities; however, they have been unable to adequately address the problem of rabies in wildlife. Attributable in part to a renewed focus on emerging infectious diseases, a conference was held at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1993 to begin discussion focused on the reemergence of rabies and to formulate new suggestions for prevention and control of rabies in the United States. Three major working groups were formed from a national committee of professionals representing a broad array of biomedical disciplines. These groups concentrated on prevention of rabies in human beings, education, laboratory diagnosis of rabies, and rabies control in animals. The groups described the perceived minimum requirements to promote prevention and control of rabies in the United States into the next century. The following article describes the needs and recommendations identified by the prevention and education working group. Two other articles, scheduled for the Nov 15 and Dec 1, 1999 issues of JAVMA, will relay the needs and recommendations of the working groups on laboratory diagnosis of rabies and rabies in wildlife. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas Anim Control Ctr, Lufkin, TX 75901 USA. RP Hanlon, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 215 IS 9 BP 1276 EP 1280 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 250XB UT WOS:000083414600018 PM 10553437 ER PT J AU Callahan, ME Switzer, WM Matthews, AL Roberts, BD Heneine, W Folks, TM Sandstrom, PA AF Callahan, ME Switzer, WM Matthews, AL Roberts, BD Heneine, W Folks, TM Sandstrom, PA TI Persistent zoonotic infection of a human with simian foamy virus in the absence of an intact orf-2 accessory gene SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA; INTERNAL PROMOTER; READING FRAMES; TYPE-3 SFV-3; IDENTIFICATION; VECTORS; EXPRESSION; REPLICATION AB Although foamy viruses (FVs) are endemic among nonhuman primates, FV infection among humans is rare. Recently, simian foamy virus (SFV) infection was reported in 4 of 231 individuals occupationally exposed to primates (1.8%). Secondary transmission to spouses has not been seen, suggesting that while FV is readily zoonotic, humans may represent dead-end hosts. Among different simian species, SFV demonstrates significant sequence diversity within the U3 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) and 3' accessory open reading frames (ORFs). To examine if persistent human SFV infection and apparent lack of secondary transmission are associated with genetic adaptations in FV regulatory regions, we conducted sequence analysis of the LTR, internal promoter, ORF-1, and ORF-2 on a tissue culture isolate and peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from a human infected with SFV of African green monkey origin (SFV-3). Compared to the prototype SFV-3 sequence, the LTR, internal promoter, and FV transactivator (ORF-1) showed sequence conservation, suggesting that FV zoonosis is not dependent on host-specific adaptation to these transcriptionally important regions. However, ORF-2 contains a number of deleterious mutations predicted to result in premature termination of protein synthesis. ORF-2 codes in part for the 60-kDa Bet fusion protein, proposed to be involved in the establishment of persistent cellular SFV infections. These results suggest that persistent human infection by SFV and reduced transmissibility may be influenced by the absence of a functional ORF-2. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sandstrom, PA (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Bur HIV AIDS STD & TB, LCDC, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. NR 47 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 73 IS 11 BP 9619 EP 9624 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 244VJ UT WOS:000083071200078 PM 10516073 ER PT J AU Rochat, R Atrash, H Handler, A AF Rochat, R Atrash, H Handler, A TI Observations from the CDC - Developing maternal and child health epidemiology capacity in state and local health departments SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Pregnancy & Infant Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Rochat, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Pregnancy & Infant Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1135 EP 1139 DI 10.1089/jwh.1.1999.8.1135 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 259VW UT WOS:000083915500003 PM 10595325 ER PT J AU Macdougall, LA Barzilay, JI Helmick, CG AF Macdougall, LA Barzilay, JI Helmick, CG TI The role of personal health concerns and knowledge of the health effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the ever use of HRT by menopausal women, aged 50-54 years SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; OLDER WOMEN; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; WHITE WOMEN; ATTITUDES; PERIMENOPAUSAL; OSTEOPOROSIS; PREVENTION AB Previous studies of factors important in a woman's decision to use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) infrequently have simultaneously considered the effects of personal concern for chronic medical disorders that begin at the time of the menopause (such as osteoporosis and heart disease) and knowledge of the beneficial and adverse effects of HRT on these conditions (increased risk of uterine and breast cancers). Moreover, few studies have been performed in broad-based populations that have included black women. This study was undertaken to determine the cross-sectional association of concern for chronic medical disorders that begin at the time of the menopause and knowledge of the effects of HRT on these disorders on the ever use of HRT in a biracial cohort of postmenopausal women. Two hundred eight-eight women, aged 50-54 years, who were members of an HMO, who reported their last menstrual period to be more than 1 year ago, and who were aware of HRT, were examined by questionnaire. Of the cohort, 21.2% were black. Concern for chronic medical disorders that begin at the time of the menopause was modest (similar to 50%). Knowledge of the effects of HRT on breast cancer, uterine cancer, and heart disease was low (similar to 30%). Only for osteoporosis was knowledge high (similar to 65%). On adjusted analysis, concern for heart disease was weakly associated with ever use of HRT, but only for white women. The factors most strongly associated with initiating HRT were a doctor's recommendation to use HRT and satisfaction with a doctor's counseling. Having menopausal symptoms was associated with ever use of HRT in black women. Black women were only 30% as likely as white women to ever use HRT after adjustment for baseline differences. Conclusion: In this study, personal concerns for medical conditions that begin at the time of the menopause and knowledge of the effects of HRT on these conditions were low. Only personal concern for heart disease among white women was independently, but weakly, associated with ever use of HRT. Black women were less likely than white women to ever use HRT, even after adjustment for baseline differences between them. C1 Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Div Endocrinol, Tucker, GA 30084 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Massachusetts Canc Registry, Bur Hlth Stat Res & Evaluat, Boston, MA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Tucker, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth Hlth Care & Aging Stud, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barzilay, JI (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Div Endocrinol, 200 Crescent Ctr Pkwy, Tucker, GA 30084 USA. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1203 EP 1211 DI 10.1089/jwh.1.1999.8.1203 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 259VW UT WOS:000083915500012 PM 10595334 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM AF Flegal, KM TI The obesity epidemic in children and adults: current evidence and research issues SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and its Comorbidities CY FEB 04-06, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Amer Coll Sports Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIDDKD, NHLBI, NICHHD, Natl Coalit Promoting Phys Act DE body weight; body mass index; overweight; obesity; trends; health surveys ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; INCREASING PREVALENCE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; MONICA PROJECT; TRENDS; SMOKING AB Purpose: The term "epidemic" of obesity implies that obesity is a characteristic of populations, not only of individuals. The purpose of this paper is to review evidence on obesity in populations and to identify future research issues. Methods: To examine recent increases in the population prevalence of overweight or obesity, a literature search was undertaken. Results: Trends in overweight or obesity among adults showed considerable variability internationally. Some the United Kingdom; the United States, and Western Samoa showed large increases in prevalence (>5 percentage points), whereas several other countries showed smaller or no increases. Overweight is also increasing among children and adolescents, at least in some countries. It is not clear what the expected prevalence of overweight or obesity might be in the current environment, and these findings may be most usefully viewed as shifts in the distribution of a population characteristic. The reasons for these shifts are not clear. The health implications of these shifts are also not clear, in part because trends in cardiovascular risk factors do not always parallel trends in obesity. Of the classic epidemiologic triad of host, agent, and environment, the environment has often received the least attention. Conclusions: The economic, social, and cultural factors that influence the distribution of body mass index in a population are nor well understood. Future research needs include continued monitoring of trends in obesity and in related health conditions and observational studies to examine the causes of these trends. Public health research should aim at defining realistic goals and strategies to improve health in an environment conducive to high levels of overweight and obesity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 47 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 31 IS 11 SU S BP S509 EP S514 DI 10.1097/00005768-199911001-00004 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 256ZQ UT WOS:000083756700004 PM 10593520 ER PT J AU Pratt, M Macera, CA Blanton, C AF Pratt, M Macera, CA Blanton, C TI Levels of physical activity and inactivity in children and adults in the United States: current evidence and research issues SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and its Comorbidities CY FEB 04-06, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Amer Coll Sports Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIDDKD, NHLBI, NICHHD, Natl Coalit Promoting Phys Act DE obesity; exercise; sedentary behavior; public health ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; PUBLIC-HEALTH; AMERICAN CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR SURVEY; YOUTH FIT; RELIABILITY; EXERCISE; QUESTIONNAIRE AB Purpose: The purpose was to describe current levels of physical activity and inactivity among adults and young people in the United States. Methods: Estimates of participation in regular physical activity were derived from three national surveys for adults (National Health Interview Survey, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System) and from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey for high school students. Results: Overall, 63.8% of high school students surveyed on the 1997 YRBS reported participating in vigorous physical activity for at least 20 min on 3 or more days per week. participation in vigorous activity was higher for boys (72.3%) than girls (53.5%), whites (66.8%) compared with blacks (53.9%) and Hispanics (60.4%), and decreased with advancing grade. Among adults, 27.7% meet recommended levels of either moderate or vigorous physical activity, whereas 29.2% report no regular physical activity outside of their work. Gender differences in participation in physical activity are less pronounced than in youth, and age-related patterns were complex. Whites are more active than blacks and Hispanics, and persons with higher family incomes and more education report being more physically active. There have been only minor changes in reported participation in leisure time physical activity over the past 15 yr. Conclusion: National estimates of physical activity appear to be reliable and valid for adults but may be less so for adolescents and are poor measures for children. Research is needed to determine the role that objective monitoring with accelerometers may play in surveillance. Reliable and valid measures of occupational, household, and transportation-related physical activity and sedentary behaviors are needed to better characterize the range of activity that is associated with health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pratt, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Schmoelz, Camilie/D-1707-2012 OI Schmoelz, Camilie/0000-0003-2221-9954 NR 51 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 31 IS 11 SU S BP S526 EP S533 DI 10.1097/00005768-199911001-00007 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 256ZQ UT WOS:000083756700007 PM 10593523 ER PT J AU Bush, RM Fitch, WM Bender, CA Cox, NJ AF Bush, RM Fitch, WM Bender, CA Cox, NJ TI Positive selection on the H3 hemagglutinin gene of human influenza virus A SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE influenza; virus; positive selection; hemagglutinin; evolution ID NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; OVERDOMINANT SELECTION; BINDING-SITES; SIALIC-ACID; A VIRUSES; EVOLUTION; EGG; LIKELIHOOD; RECEPTOR; IDENTIFICATION AB The hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza viruses encodes the major surface antigen against which neutralizing antibodies are produced during infection or vaccination. We examined temporal variation in the HA1 domain of HA genes of human influenza A (H3N2) viruses in order to identify positively selected codons. Positive selection is defined for our purposes as a significant excess of nonsilent over silent nucleotide substitutions. If past mutations at positively selected codons conferred a selective advantage on the virus, then additional changes at these positions may predict which emerging strains will predominate and cause epidemics. We previously reported that a 38% excess of mutations occurred on the tip or terminal branches of the phylogenetic tree of 254 HA genes of influenza A (H3N2) viruses. Possible explanations for this excess include processes other than viral evolution during replication in human hosts. Of particular concern are mutations that occur during adaptation of viruses for growth in embryonated chicken eggs in the laboratory. Because the present study includes 357 HA sequences (a 40% increase), we were able to separately analyze those mutations assigned to internal branches. This allowed us to determine whether mutations on terminal and internal branches exhibit different patterns of selection at the level of individual codons. Additional improvements over our previous analysis include correction for a skew in the distribution of amino acid replacements across codons and analysis of a population of phylogenetic trees rather than a single tree. The latter improvement allowed us to ascertain whether minor variation in tree structure had a significant effect on our estimate of the codons under positive selection. This method also estimates that 75.6% of the nonsilent mutations are deleterious and have been removed by selection prior to sampling. Using the larger data set and the modified methods, we confirmed a large (40%) excess of changes on the terminal branches. We also found an excess of changes on branches leading to egg-grown isolates. Furthermore, 9 of the 18 amino acid codons, identified as being under positive selection to change when we used only mutations assigned to internal branches, were not under positive selection on the terminal branches. Thus, although there is overlap between the selected codons on terminal and internal branches, the codons under positive selection on the terminal branches differ from those on the internal branches. We also observed that there is an excess of positively selected codons associated with the receptor-binding site and with the antibody-combining sires. This association may explain why the positively selected codons are restricted in their distribution along the sequence. Our results suggest that future studies of positive selection should focus on changes assigned to the internal branches, as certain of these changes may have predictive value for identifying future successful epidemic variants. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bush, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NR 28 TC 214 Z9 229 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1457 EP 1465 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 251VG UT WOS:000083466600003 PM 10555276 ER PT J AU Sugiura, Y Barr, JR Barr, DB Brock, JW Elie, CM Ueno, Y Patterson, DG Potter, ME Reiss, E AF Sugiura, Y Barr, JR Barr, DB Brock, JW Elie, CM Ueno, Y Patterson, DG Potter, ME Reiss, E TI Physiological characteristics and mycotoxins of human clinical isolates of Fusarium species SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TOXIN PRODUCTION; METABOLITES; IDENTIFICATION; TRICHOTHECENES; PENICILLIA; INFECTIONS; SOLANI AB Thirty-three strains of Fusarium species from clinical sources including F, solani, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. chlamydosporum were examined for their physiological characteristics and mycotoxin production. Of this collection 29 exhibited growth at 37 degrees C and 21 were resistant to cycloheximide. Two strains of F. moniliforme and two strains of F. proliferatum produced fumonisins. No strains in this collection produced detectable amounts of trichothecenes. All 18 strains of F. solani tested produced the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A. The cyclosporin A-producing ability of clinical isolates of F. solani may influence their pathogenic potential. C1 Sci Univ Tokyo, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 162, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sugiura, Y (reprint author), Sci Univ Tokyo, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Shinjuku Ku, 12 Ichigaya Funagawara Machi, Tokyo 162, Japan. RI Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011 NR 34 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 103 BP 1462 EP 1468 DI 10.1017/S095375629900862X PN 11 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 265CN UT WOS:000084223800013 ER PT J AU Wanke, B dos Santos Lazera, M Monteiro, PCF Lima, FC Leal, MJS Ferreira, PL Kaufman, L Pinner, RW Ajello, L AF Wanke, B dos Santos Lazera, M Monteiro, PCF Lima, FC Leal, MJS Ferreira, PL Kaufman, L Pinner, RW Ajello, L TI Investigation of an outbreak of endemic coccidioidomycosis in Brazil's Northeastern State of Piaui with a review of the occurrence and distribution of Coccidioides immitis in three other Brazilian states SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE Brazil; coccidioidomycosis; Piaui; outbreak ID PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS AB An outbreak of coccidioidomycosis is described that involved three individuals and eight of their dogs, who had engaged in a successful hunt for nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in the environs of Oeiras, a community in Brazil's north eastern state of Piaui. Diagnosis was based on clinical, serological and cultural findings. Four of 24 soil samples collected in and around the burrow of an armadillo yielded cultures of Coccidioides immitis, thus establishing the endemicity of that mould in the state of Piaui. A literature review revealed that C. immitis, aside from that state, is endemic in three other Brazilian states - Bahia, Ceara and Maranhao. These four contiguous states have semi-arid regions where climatic conditions and their flora are similar to those that exist in C. immitis's endemic regions in North, Central and South America. C1 Fdn Oswaldo Cruz, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fed Univ Piaui, Teresina, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Wanke, B (reprint author), Hosp Evandro Chagas, Lab Micol Med, Av Brasil,4365 Manguinhos,Cx Postal 926, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD NOV PY 1999 VL 148 IS 2 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1023/A:1007183022761 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 375CB UT WOS:000165381000001 PM 11220226 ER PT J AU Zotti, ME AF Zotti, ME TI Public health education for Liberian refugees SO NURSING AND HEALTH CARE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID CHILD-MORTALITY; IVORY-COAST C1 Mississippi State Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Jackson, MS USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Zotti, ME (reprint author), Mississippi State Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Jackson, MS USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL LEAGUE FOR NURSING PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, 3RD FL, NEW YORK, NY 10006-2701 USA SN 1094-2831 J9 NURS HEALTH CARE PER JI Nurs. Health Care Perspect. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 20 IS 6 BP 302 EP 306 PG 5 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 255EK UT WOS:000083656400006 PM 10754859 ER PT J AU Chichakli, LO Atrash, HK Mackay, AP Musani, AS Berg, CJ AF Chichakli, LO Atrash, HK Mackay, AP Musani, AS Berg, CJ TI Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States due to hemorrhage: 1979-1992 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE; MATERNAL MORTALITY AB Objective: To study trends and examine risk factors for pregnancy-related mortality due to hemorrhage. Methods: We analyzed pregnancy-related deaths from 1979-1992 from the National Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Live-birth data used to calculate mortality ratios were obtained from published vital statistics. Deaths due to ectopic pregnancies were excluded. Results: There were 763 pregnancy-related deaths from hemorrhage associated with intrauterine pregnancies, a ratio of 1.4 deaths per 100,000 live births. The pregnancy-related mortality ratio was higher for black women and those of other races than white women. The risk of pregnancy-related mortality increased with age. Abruptio placentae was the overall leading cause of pregnancy-related death due to hemorrhage. Leading causes of death differed by race, age group, and pregnancy outcome. Conclusion: Hemorrhage is the leading cause of pregnancy-related death in the United States. Black women have three times the risk of death of white women. In-depth investigations are needed to ascertain the risk factors associated with those deaths. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Atrash, HK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 94 IS 5 BP 721 EP 725 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00396-8 PN 1 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 249CW UT WOS:000083316100015 PM 10546717 ER PT J AU Hopkins, FW Mackay, AP Koonin, LM Berg, CJ Irwin, M Atrash, HK AF Hopkins, FW Mackay, AP Koonin, LM Berg, CJ Irwin, M Atrash, HK TI Pregnancy-related mortality in Hispanic women in the United States SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB Objective: To examine pregnancy-related mortality among Hispanic women in the United States. Methods: We used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's ongoing Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System to examine all reported pregnancy-related deaths (deaths during or within 1 year of pregnancy that were caused by pregnancy, its complications, or treatment) in states that reported Hispanic origin for 1979-1992. The pregnancy-related mortality ratio was defined as the number of pregnancy-related deaths per 100,000 live births. Results: For the 14-year period, the overall pregnancy-related mortality ratio was 10.3 deaths per 100,000 live births for Hispanic women, 6.0 for non-Hispanic white women, and 25.1 for black women. In Hispanic subgroups, the pregnancy-related mortality ratio was 9.7 for Mexican women and ranged from 7.8 for Cuban women to 13.4 for Puerto Rican women. Pregnancy-induced hypertension was the leading cause of pregnancy-related death for Hispanic women overall. Conclusion: Pregnancy-related mortality ratios for Hispanic women were higher than those for non-Hispanic white women, but markedly lower than those for black women. The similarity in socioeconomic status between Hispanic and black women was not an indicator of similar health outcomes. Prevention of pregnancy-related deaths in Hispanic women should include investigation of medical and nonmedical factors and consider the heterogeneity of the Hispanic population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hopkins, FW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,MS P08, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 94 IS 5 BP 747 EP 752 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00393-2 PN 1 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 249CW UT WOS:000083316100020 PM 10546722 ER PT J AU Glass, RI AF Glass, RI TI Commentary: Reanalysis of the results of two rotavirus vaccine trials: an appraisal of the reappraisal SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE rotavirus; vaccine; clinical trials; childhood diarrhea; gastroenteritis ID RHESUS-HUMAN; EFFICACY; SAFETY; IMMUNOGENICITY; CHILDREN; INFANTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1006 EP 1007 DI 10.1097/00006454-199911000-00014 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 254NR UT WOS:000083619500013 PM 10571439 ER PT J AU Bulkow, LR Levine, OS Singleton, R Carlone, GM Pais, L Parkinson, AJ AF Bulkow, LR Levine, OS Singleton, R Carlone, GM Pais, L Parkinson, AJ TI Enhanced immunogenicity of a sequential Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine schedule in Alaska native infants SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus influenzae type b; vaccine; sequential vaccine schedule C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Singleton, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1023 EP 1024 DI 10.1097/00006454-199911000-00021 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 254NR UT WOS:000083619500020 PM 10571446 ER PT J AU Ziring, PR Brazdziunas, D Cooley, WC Kastner, TA Kummer, ME de Pijem, LGL Quint, RD Ruppert, ES Sandler, AD Anderson, WC Arango, P Burgan, P Garner, C McPherson, M Michaud, L Yeargin-Allsopp, M Johnson, CP Wheeler, LSM AF Ziring, PR Brazdziunas, D Cooley, WC Kastner, TA Kummer, ME de Pijem, LGL Quint, RD Ruppert, ES Sandler, AD Anderson, WC Arango, P Burgan, P Garner, C McPherson, M Michaud, L Yeargin-Allsopp, M Johnson, CP Wheeler, LSM CA Comm Children Disabilities TI The treatment of neurologically impaired children using patterning SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article AB This statement reviews patterning as a treatment for children with neurologic impairments. This treatment is based on an outmoded and oversimplified theory of brain development. Current information does not support the claims of proponents that this treatment is efficacious, and its use continues to be unwarranted. C1 US Social Secur Adm, Washington, DC 20201 USA. US Dept Educ, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sect Children Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sect Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1999 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1149 EP 1151 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 251LW UT WOS:000083448000020 PM 10545565 ER PT J AU Baker, SS Flores, CA Georgieff, MK Jacobson, MS Jaksic, T Krebs, NF AF Baker, SS Flores, CA Georgieff, MK Jacobson, MS Jaksic, T Krebs, NF CA Comm Nutr TI Calcium requirements of infants, children, and adolescents SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; DIETARY CALCIUM; SKELETAL MASS; SUPPLEMENTATION; GIRLS; RATES; ABSORPTION; RICKETS; GROWTH; OSTEOPOROSIS AB This statement is intended to provide pediatric caregivers with advice about the nutritional needs of calcium of infants, children, and adolescents. It will review the physiology of calcium metabolism and provide a review of the data about the relationship between calcium intake and bone growth and metabolism. In particular, it will focus on the large number of recent studies that have identified a relationship between childhood calcium intake and bone mineralization and the potential relationship of these data to fractures in adolescents and the development of osteoporosis in adulthood. The specific needs of children and adolescents with eating disorders are not considered. C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20205 USA. NIDDKD, Bethesda, MD 20205 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 43 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1999 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1152 EP 1157 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 251LW UT WOS:000083448000021 PM 10545566 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Moore, WL Craig, AS Reasons, RL Schaffner, W AF Jones, TF Moore, WL Craig, AS Reasons, RL Schaffner, W TI Hidden threats: Lead poisoning from unusual sources SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Schaffner, W (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, A1124-MCN, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1999 VL 104 IS 5 SU S BP 1223 EP 1225 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 251MA UT WOS:000083448400010 PM 10545579 ER PT J AU Papania, M Baughman, AL Lee, S Cheek, JE Atkinson, W Redd, SC Spitalny, K Finelli, L Markowitz, L AF Papania, M Baughman, AL Lee, S Cheek, JE Atkinson, W Redd, SC Spitalny, K Finelli, L Markowitz, L TI Increased susceptibility to measles in infants in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE measles; maternal antibody; measles vaccine; infants ID IMMUNITY; VACCINE; ANTIBODY; MOTHERS AB Background. Women born in the United States after measles vaccine licensure in 1963 transfer less measles antibody to their infants than do older women. This may result in increased susceptibility to measles among infants. Objective. To determine the effect of maternal year of birth on the risk for measles in infants. Methods. We enrolled 128 unvaccinated infants less than or equal to 15 months of age who had documented exposure to measles from 1990 through 1992 in a retrospective cohort study. We interviewed their mothers by telephone to obtain demographic data, medical and vaccination history, and details of measles exposure and outcome. We used logistic regression analysis to estimate the effect of maternal year of birth. Results. Infants whose mothers were born after 1963 had a measles attack rate of 33%, compared with 12% for infants of older mothers. In logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for maternal year of birth (born after 1963) was 7.5 (95% confidence interval 1.8, 30.6). Other significant risk factors were older infant age, mothers who developed measles after delivery, and exposure within 2 days of the rash onset of the exposing case. Conclusions. Infants whose mothers were born after 1963 are more susceptible to measles than are infants of older mothers. An increasing proportion of infants born in the United States may be susceptible to measles. Infants at high risk of exposure to measles should be vaccinated at 12 months of age. Vaccination programs that reduce transmission of the measles virus in the general population reduce the risk of infant exposure to measles. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Field Epidemiol, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Hlth, Austin, TX USA. Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Papania, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1999 VL 104 IS 5 AR e59 DI 10.1542/peds.104.5.e59 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 251LW UT WOS:000083448000039 PM 10545585 ER PT J AU Everett, SA Warren, CW Sharp, D Kann, L Husten, CG Crossett, LS AF Everett, SA Warren, CW Sharp, D Kann, L Husten, CG Crossett, LS TI Initiation of cigarette smoking and subsequent smoking behavior among US high school students SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cigarette smoking; youth; adolescents; age of initiation; tobacco ID TOBACCO USE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; YOUNG-ADULTS; FOLLOW-UP; ADOLESCENTS; RISK; AGE; SMOKERS; CESSATION; STATES AB Background Most adult smokers report trying their first cigarette before age 18 years. Understanding the impact of smoking initiation at young ages may help public health policy makers and practitioners improve strategies to prevent or delay adolescent cigarette smoking. Methods. This paper examined age of initiation of cigarette smoking and subsequent patterns of smoking among U.S. high school students 16 years of age and older (N = 13,858). We used data from the 1991-1997 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results. The majority of students 16 years of age and older (60.4%) reported ever having smoked a whole cigarette, and 11.1% initiated smoking at age 10 years or younger. Age of smoking initiation was significantly related to current frequent smoking, daily smoking, and whether students had ever smoked daily. A younger age of smoking initiation was associated with smoking more cigarettes per day than was initiating at an older age. Conclusions. Delaying the onset of smoking may affect the likelihood of becoming addicted to nicotine and smoking heavily. For students who are already addicted to nicotine, smoking cessation programs are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Everett, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 52 TC 145 Z9 150 U1 4 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 5 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1006/pmed.1999.0560 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 254EA UT WOS:000083597900003 PM 10564623 ER PT J AU Fidler, AT Bernstein, J AF Fidler, AT Bernstein, J TI Infertility: From a personal to a public health problem SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; OVARIAN-CANCER RISK; UNITED-STATES; MULTIFETAL PREGNANCY; OVULATION INDUCTION; FEMALE INFERTILITY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; REDUCED FERTILITY AB The inability to conceive a child is most often viewed as a private matter, but public health perspectives and skills can Contribute greatly to our knowledge about infertility, and the development of effective and rational public policy for prevention, access to health care, and regulation of new technologies. We offer a primer of public health aspects of infertility in an effort to encourage the broad. spectrum of public health professionals to become more knowledgeable about these topics and join in the national debate about preventive strategies; cost-benefit assessment, resource allocation, and ethics. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, MCH Certificate Program, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fidler, AT (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, MCH Certificate Program, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RI Embrett, Mark/H-4466-2014 OI Embrett, Mark/0000-0002-3969-0219 NR 84 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 114 IS 6 BP 494 EP 511 DI 10.1093/phr/114.6.494 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 268LU UT WOS:000084416800011 PM 10670617 ER PT J AU Conway, GA Lincoln, JM Husberg, BJ Manwaring, JC Klatt, ML Thomas, TK AF Conway, GA Lincoln, JM Husberg, BJ Manwaring, JC Klatt, ML Thomas, TK TI Alaska's model program for surveillance and prevention of occupational injury deaths SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) established its Alaska Field Station in Anchorage in 1991 after identifying Alaska as the highest-risk state for traumatic worker fatalities. Since then, the Field Station, working in collaboration with other agencies, organizations, and individuals, has established a program for occupational injury surveillance in Alaska and formed interagency working groups to address the risk factors leading to occupational death and injury in the state. Collaborative efforts have contributed to reducing crash rates and mortality in Alaska's rapidly expanding helicopter logging industry and have played an important supportive role in the substantial progress made in reducing the mortality rate in Alaska's commercial fishing industry (historically Alaska's and America's most dangerous industry). Alaska experienced a 46% overall decline in work-related acute traumatic injury deaths from 1991 to 1998, a 64% decline in commercial fishing deaths, and a very sharp decline in helicopter logging-related deaths. Extending this regional approach to other parts of the country and applying these strategies to the entire spectrum of occupational injury and disease hazards could have a broad effect on reducing occupational injuries. C1 NIOSH, Alaska Field Stn, Div Safety Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Conway, GA (reprint author), NIOSH, Alaska Field Stn, Div Safety Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4230 Univ Dr,Suite 310, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 114 IS 6 BP 550 EP 558 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 268LU UT WOS:000084416800018 PM 10670623 ER PT J AU Arbuckle, TE Schrader, SM Cole, D Hall, JC Bancej, CM Turner, LA Claman, P AF Arbuckle, TE Schrader, SM Cole, D Hall, JC Bancej, CM Turner, LA Claman, P TI 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid residues in semen of Ontario farmers SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE semen; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; herbicides; urine; occupational exposure; agriculture; farming; sperm; biologic monitoring ID PERCUTANEOUS PENETRATION; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; 2,4-D; URINE; HERBICIDES; WATER; IMMUNOASSAYS; APPLICATORS; CHEMICALS; QUALITY AB Although paternal exposures to environmental toxicants probably play a role in adverse pregnancy outcomes, few data are available on the extent of this exposure. One semen and two 24-h urine samples were collected from 97 Ontario farmers who had recently used the phenoxy herbicides 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and/or MCPA ([4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy] acetic acid). Both samples were analyzed for 2,4-D using an immunoassay-based technique. Approximately 50% of the semen samples had detectable levels of 2,4-D (greater than or equal to 5.0 ppb (ng/mL)). Semen levels of 2,4-D were correlated more closely with the second of the two urine samples. Although several studies have measured 2,4-D in the urine of applicators, this study is the first to attempt to measure 2,4-D levels in semen. As these pesticides can be excreted in the semen, they could be toxic to sperm cells and be transported to the woman and developing embryo/fetus. Further research is needed to understand how pesticide handling practices can affect semen pesticide residues and the relationship between the levels observed and reproductive health. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Hlth Canada, Bur Reprod & Child Hlth, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. McMaster Inst Environm & Hlth, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Med, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. RP Arbuckle, TE (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Bur Reprod & Child Hlth, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011; Cole, Donald /K-1040-2013 OI Cole, Donald /0000-0002-1009-603X NR 38 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 13 IS 6 BP 421 EP 429 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(99)00057-X PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 265RE UT WOS:000084256500001 PM 10613390 ER PT J AU Murono, EP Derk, RC de Leon, JH AF Murono, EP Derk, RC de Leon, JH TI Biphasic effects of octylphenol on testosterone biosynthesis by cultured Leydig cells from neonatal rats SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE octylphenol; testosterone; neonatal Leydig cell ID HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTOR; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-ALPHA; ALKYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATES; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; INTERSTITIAL-CELLS; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; ADRENAL-CORTEX; TESTIS; FETAL AB The present studies evaluated the suitability of using cultured dispersed testicular cells from neonatal rats as a source for fetal Leydig cells and the use of these cells to examine direct toxic effects of environmental / occupational chemicals on androgen biosynthesis. For the current studies, the direct actions of octylphenol (OP), a surfactant additive widely used in the manufacture of various detergents, on testosterone biosynthesis by cultured rat neonatal Leydig cells were examined. Octylphenol is considered a xenoestrogen and has been reported to mimic the actions of estrogen in many cellular systems. Following exposure of cultured cells for 24 h to varying concentrations of OP (1 to 2000 nM) together with 10 mIU/mL human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the lower concentrations of OP (1 and 10 nM) consistently enhanced testosterone levels (approximately 10 to 70% above control), whereas higher OP concentrations (100 to 2000 nM) progressively decreased testosterone from peak levels to approximately 40 to 80% below control at the highest OP concentration. Interestingly, increasing concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol (1 to 1000 nM) were without effect on testosterone biosynthesis under the same conditions, and the biphasic pattern of testosterone biosynthesis elicited by increasing OP concentrations was unaffected by concomitant treatment with 10 or 100 nM ICI 182,780, which is considered a pure estrogen antagonist. Therefore, the actions of OP on testosterone biosynthesis by cultured neonatal Leydig cells do not appear to be mediated through the classic estrogen receptor alpha or beta pathway. Although the increase in testosterone levels after exposure to lower OP concentrations and to 0.1 and 1.0 mM 8-Br-cAMP was attenuated, suggesting that lower OP concentrations may alter cellular cAMP levels, because hCG-stimulated cAMP levels were unaffected by any of the OP concentrations evaluated, it appears that its main site(s) of action occurs after the generation of cAMP. In addition, because pretreatment of cells with increasing OP concentrations and hCG had no effect on the conversion of steroid precursors (22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, pregnenolone, progesterone, or androstenedione) to testosterone, it seems that the main actions of OP under the present conditions occur before the mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage step. Furthermore, because concomitant treatment of cells with various antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol, butylated hydroxyanisole, or ascorbic acid) did not alter the biphasic pattern of testosterone response to increasing concentrations of OP and hCG, it seems that OP is not acting as an anti- or pro-oxidant in producing these effects. It will be important to determine whether this dose-sensitive response to OP is observed in vivo, and whether the maturational status of Leydig cells influences their pattern of response to OP and similar chemicals. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Murono, EP (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, M-S 2015,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 55 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 13 IS 6 BP 451 EP 462 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(99)00047-7 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 265RE UT WOS:000084256500004 PM 10613393 ER PT J AU Wasserheit, JN AF Wasserheit, JN TI HIV infection and other STDs - So close and yet so far SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wasserheit, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 26 IS 10 BP 549 EP 550 DI 10.1097/00007435-199911000-00001 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 252HP UT WOS:000083496300001 PM 10560717 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ Lary, JM AF Paulozzi, LJ Lary, JM TI Laterality patterns in infants with external birth defects SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEFT-RIGHT ASYMMETRY; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; X-CHROMOSOME; GENE; EMBRYOTOXICITY; ABNORMALITIES; EMBRYOGENESIS; DETERMINANT; MECHANISMS; SYNOSTOSIS AB The lateral distribution of external birth defects has not been reported in a comprehensive way, and patterns in this distribution have not been examined. This study presents the lateral distribution of 6,390 unilateral defects from among 102 defect categories in data collected by the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program. Among all defects, 49% (95% CI 48-51%) were right-sided. Among mates and females, 51% (95% Ct 50-53%) and 47% (95% CI 46-49%) of the defects, respectively, were right-sided. Of the 102 defect types, 57 had an excess of defects on the right side of the body; 39 had an excess of defects on the left side; and 6 were equally distributed. The excess on the right side was statistically significant for inguinal hernia, incarcerated inguinal hernia, microtia, preauricular sinus, talipes calcaneovalgus, and lambdoidal craniosynostosis. For the left side, the excess was statistically significant for preauricular tags, cleft lip, fused lip and cleft gum, cleft tip with cleft palate, congenital hip dysplasia, unstable hip, absent forearm or hand, anomaly of the knee, and skin tags. The percentage of right-sided defects among case subjects with unilateral defects was correlated with the percentage of mates among all case subjects (r = 0.24, P < 0.05). Among male case subjects with unilateral defects, the correlation coefficient was 0.31 (P < 0.01), and among females with unilateral defects, it was 0.11 (P > 0.10). Differences in the lateral distribution of specific birth defects may be due to subtle differences in morphogenesis on the left and right sides of the embryo brought about by establishment of left-right asymmetry prior to organogenesis. The fact that more defect categories were right-sided than left-sided may be related to the observation that mitochondrial maturation in rat embryos is delayed on the right side. The right side, therefore, may be more susceptible than the left to defects caused by prenatal hypoxia. The significant correlation between the percentage right-sided and percentage male may then also be related to the observation that male sex hormones lower the mitochondrial respiration rate in rats and increase rat sensitivity to chemical hypoxia. Investigators should consider reporting the laterality of specific defects in both laboratory and epidemiological studies of birth defects. Right and left-sided defects should perhaps be considered separately in etiologic studies of birth defects. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss,Inc.(dagger). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects & Pediat Genet, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects & Pediat Genet, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199911)60:5<265::AID-TERA7>3.0.CO;2-H PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 250ZW UT WOS:000083421000007 PM 10525204 ER PT J AU Ostrowski, SR Wilbur, S Chou, CHSJ Pohl, HR Stevens, YW Allred, PM Roney, N Fay, M Tylenda, CA AF Ostrowski, SR Wilbur, S Chou, CHSJ Pohl, HR Stevens, YW Allred, PM Roney, N Fay, M Tylenda, CA TI Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's 1997 priority list of hazardous substances. Latent effects-carcinogenesis, neurotoxicology, and developmental deficits in humans and animals SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review ID PRENATAL CHLORDANE EXPOSURE; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; VINYL-CHLORIDE MONOMER; DRY-CLEANING WORKERS; RETROSPECTIVE COHORT MORTALITY; NEURO-BEHAVIORAL TOXICITY; BREAST-FEEDING EXPOSURE; CONTAMINATED WELL WATER; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FREQUENCY HEARING-LOSS AB In support of Superfund re-authorization legislation, the Division of Toxicology of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepared a chemical-specific consultation document for Congress that identified those chemicals with carcinogenic, neurological, or developmental adverse effects having a latency period longer than 6 years. The review was limited to the top 50 substances listed on ATSDR's 1997 Priority List of Hazardous Substances (Priority List). Among the top 50 chemicals, a review of the technical literature indicated that 38 (76%) were classified as "reasonably anticipated," "possibly," or "probably" capable of causing cancer in humans, based either on human and animal data. Eight chemicals (16%) had well-established cancer latency periods in humans of 6 years or more following exposure. Three substances (6%)-arsenic, creosote; and benzidine-had data indicating latency periods longer than 6 years. The technical literature review likewise confirmed the potential for neurological and developmental effects with a latency of 6 years. Twenty-seven (54%) of the top 50 substances caused acute and/or chronic neurotoxic effects; a number of these also caused neurological effects that persisted beyond 6 years (or the equivalent in animal studies) such as: behavioral problems, neurological deficiencies, reduced psychomotor development, cognitive deficiencies, and reduced IQ. Twenty-eight substances (56%) caused adverse developmental effects in offspring of exposed individuals or animals including increased fetal and infant mortality, decreased birth weights and litter sizes, and growth delays. Latency periods for related chemicals are expected to be similar due to structural and toxicological similarities. C1 US Dept HHS, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US PHS,Emergency Response Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ostrowski, SR (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US PHS,Emergency Response Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-57, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 477 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 15 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD NOV PY 1999 VL 15 IS 7 BP 602 EP 644 DI 10.1177/074823379901500702 PG 43 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 295BQ UT WOS:000085946400002 PM 10677885 ER PT J AU Dreyer, G Noroes, J Addiss, D Santos, A Medeiros, Z Figueredo-Silva, J AF Dreyer, G Noroes, J Addiss, D Santos, A Medeiros, Z Figueredo-Silva, J TI Bancroftian filariasis in a paediatric population: an ultrasonographic study SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE lymphatic filariasis; Wuchereria bancrofti; ultrasound; children; Brazil ID ADULT WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; HAITIAN PEDIATRIC POPULATION; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ADULTICIDAL EFFICACY; NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL; ENDEMIC AREA; IN-VIVO; MICROFILAREMIA; INFECTION; IMMUNITY AB Little is known about lymphatic filariasis or the anatomical location of adult Wuchereria bancrofti in children. Seventy-eight children from Greater Recife, 23 microfilaria-positive and 55 microfilaria-negative in similar to 60 mu L blood, underwent ultrasound examinations of the major superficial lymphatic vessels of the limbs, scrotal area (boys), and breast area (girls). The characteristic movements of adult worms, known as the filaria dance sign (FDS), were detected in 11 (14 . 1%) children. In 9 boys, the FDS was detected in lymphatic vessels of the scrotal area (8, ages 14-16) and the inguinal cord (1, age 11). In girls, the FDS was detected in a crural lymphatic vessel and an axillary lymph node. FDS detection was more common in boys (P = 0 . 06), order children (P = 0 . 001), and children with microfilaraemia (P = 0 . 05). Diffuse lymphangiectasia was visualized in 4 boys (ages 14-16) and 2 children had clinical signs of filariasis. These ultrasonographic findings associate W. bancrofti with both infection and disease in children. C1 Ctr Pesqueisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Dept Parasitol, Recife, PE, Brazil. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Hosp Clin, Serv Urol, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Lab Imunopatol Keiso Asami, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Dreyer, G (reprint author), Univ Fed Pernambuco, Hosp Clin, Dept Cirurgia, Av Moraes Rego S-N,Cidade Univ, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil. NR 30 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 93 IS 6 BP 633 EP 636 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(99)90078-0 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 271BL UT WOS:000084572700022 PM 10717753 ER PT J AU Kachur, SP Phillips-Howard, PA Odhacha, AM Ruebush, TK Oloo, AJ Nahlen, BL AF Kachur, SP Phillips-Howard, PA Odhacha, AM Ruebush, TK Oloo, AJ Nahlen, BL TI Maintenance and sustained use of insecticide-treated bednets and curtains three years after a controlled trial in western Kenya SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE insecticide-treated bednets; malaria control; prevention; sustainability ID IMPREGNATED BED NETS; MALARIA CONTROL; CHILD-MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; DISTRICT; AFRICA; IMPACT; AREA AB In large experimental trials throughout Africa, insecticide-treated bednets and curtains have reduced child mortality in malaria-endemic communities by 15%-30%. While few questions remain about the efficacy of this intervention, operational issues around how to implement and sustain insecticide-treated materials (ITM) projects need attention. We revisited the site of a small-scale ITM intervention trial, 3 years after the project ended, to assess how local attitudes and practices had changed. Qualitative and quantitative methods, including 16 focus group discussions and a household survey (n = 60), were employed to assess use, maintenance, retreatment and perceptions of ITM and the insecticide in former study communities. Families that had been issued bednets were more likely to have kept and maintained them and valued bednets more highly than those who had been issued curtains. While most households retained their original bednets, none had treated them with insecticide since the intervention trial was completed 3 years earlier. Most of those who had been issued bednets repaired them, but none acquired new or replacement nets. In contrast, households that had been issued insecticide-treated curtains often removed them. Three (15%) of the households issued curtains had purchased one or more bednets since the study ended. In households where bednets had been issued, children 10 years of age and younger were a third as likely to sleep under a net as were adults (relative risk (RR) = 0.32; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.19, 0.53). Understanding how and why optimal ITM use declined following this small-scale intervention trial can suggest measures that may improve the sustainability of current and future ITM efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Vector Biol Control & Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Kachur, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Mailstop F 22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 17 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD NOV PY 1999 VL 4 IS 11 BP 728 EP 735 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00481.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 263YY UT WOS:000084153900004 PM 10588766 ER PT J AU LaCroix, AZ Newton, KM Buist, DSM Curry, SJ Scholes, D Anderson, LA Keenan, NL AF LaCroix, AZ Newton, KM Buist, DSM Curry, SJ Scholes, D Anderson, LA Keenan, NL TI Population-based strategy for improving informed decision making about hormone replacement therapy in managed care settings SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; HEALTH-CARE; AGED WOMEN; MENOPAUSE; ATTITUDES; PHYSICIAN; ESTROGEN; INTERVENTION; RALOXIFENE AB This report describes a series of studies undertaken at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound designed to improve informed decision making about hormone replacement therapy for large populations of women in midlife who are served by managed care organizations. Women aged 45-80 years and their health care providers were the focus of separate studies. Health care systems need to provide access to high-quality provider counseling, continuous support in updating providers on the evolving evidence base, and dearly written, unbiased, tailored information for women based on the accumulated scientific evidence. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, NW Prevent Effectiveness Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Washington, DC USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, NW Prevent Effectiveness Ctr, Dept Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP LaCroix, AZ (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1049-3867 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 9 IS 6 BP 306 EP 318 DI 10.1016/S1049-3867(99)00023-7 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 334PW UT WOS:000088195700005 ER PT J AU Toraason, M Clark, J Dankovic, D Mathias, P Skaggs, S Walker, C Werren, D AF Toraason, M Clark, J Dankovic, D Mathias, P Skaggs, S Walker, C Werren, D TI Oxidative stress acid DNA damage in Fischer rats following acute exposure to trichloroethylene or perchloroethylene SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; 8-epi-prostaglandin F-2 alpha; 2-nitropropane; perchloroethylene; tetrachloroethylene; TBARS ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; URINARY-EXCRETION; 8-HYDROXYDEOXYGUANOSINE; 2-NITROPROPANE; METABOLISM; LIVER; MICE; 8-HYDROXY-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE AB Oxidative DNA damage is emerging as an biomarker of effect in studies assessing the health risks of occupational chemicals. Trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PERC) are used in the dry cleaning industry and their metabolism can produce reactive oxygen compounds. The present study examined the potential for TCE and PERC to induce oxidative DNA damage in rats that was detectable as increased urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG). Thiobarbaturic acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-epi-prostaglandin F-2 alpha (8epiPGF) were also measured as biomarkers of increased oxidative stress. Male Fischer rats were administered a single i.p. injection of 0, 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg of PERC or TCE. Control rats received only vehicle (1:4 v/v of Alkamuls/water). A positive control group received 100 mg/kg 2-nitropropane (2NP). Rats were sacrificed 24 h after dosing. In rats receiving 2NP or TCE but not PERC, TEARS and the 8OHdG/dG ratios were significantly elevated in liver. Lymphocyte 8OHdG/dG was not affected significantly by 2NP, TCE or PERC. In rats receiving 2NP, urinary excretion of 8OHdG and 8epiPGF2 were significantly increased. In rats receiving TCE or PERC, significant increases in 8epiPGF2 or 8OHdG were not evident. Results indicate that a single high dose of TCE, but not PERC, can induce an increase in oxidative DNA damage in rat liver. However, the usefulness of 8OHdG as a biomarker of TCE-induced oxidative DNA damage is questionable. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Toraason, M (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 42 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD OCT 29 PY 1999 VL 138 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(99)00083-9 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 250ZU UT WOS:000083420800009 PM 10566590 ER PT J AU Chen, RT AF Chen, RT TI Vaccine risks: real, perceived and unknown SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Vaccinology: the Societal Value of Vaccination CY MAR 17-19, 1999 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP European Vaccine Manufacturers ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; HISTORY; ALLERGY AB As immunizations successfully reduce the incidence of their target diseases, the vaccine community needs to evolve and recognize the increased relative prominence of vaccine safety, Just as the aviation community maintained public confidence by its continuous investment in a safety infrastructure as it evolved from propeller to jet and jumbo planes, modernization of the vaccine safety infrastructure commensurate with the current investment in vaccine development will be needed if the full promise of new vaccines made possible by the biotechnology revolution are to be fulfilled. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program MSE61, Vaccine Safety & Dev Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, RT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program MSE61, Vaccine Safety & Dev Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 29 PY 1999 VL 17 SU 3 BP S41 EP S46 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00292-3 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 260RA UT WOS:000083962600010 PM 10559533 ER PT J AU Orenstein, WA Hinman, AR AF Orenstein, WA Hinman, AR TI The immunization system in the United States - the role of school immunization laws SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Vaccinology: the Societal Value of Vaccination CY MAR 17-19, 1999 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP European Vaccine Manufacturers DE immunization; laws; mandatory; exemptions AB School immunization laws have had a remarkable impact on vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States, particularly in school-aged populations. Enforcement of laws through, the exclusion of unvaccinated children from school is a critical factor in assuring success. All laws have exemptions for medical contraindications, 48 states have exemptions for persons with strong religious beliefs against vaccination and 15 states have exemptions for persons philosophically opposed to vaccination. Fewer than 1% of students have any type of exemption in most states. School laws harness the resources of other programs such as education to the immunization effort. They establish a safety net to assure high levels of coverage each and every year. But they cannot replace efforts to assure age appropriate immunization in the first two years of life. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Task force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. RP Orenstein, WA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 149 Z9 152 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 29 PY 1999 VL 17 SU 3 BP S19 EP S24 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00290-X PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 260RA UT WOS:000083962600007 PM 10559531 ER PT J AU Spier, RE AF Spier, RE TI Health issues and communication - Round table discussion. Session of Friday 19, 1999 - 10.45 h-12.15 h. SO VACCINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Surrey, Sch Biol Sci, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Pasteur Merieux MSD France, Lyon, France. Pasteur Merieux Connaught, Lyon, France. Financial Times, London, England. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Hlth Educ Author, London, England. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. Infect Dis Soc Amer, Alexandria, VA USA. Rijksuniv, Ghent, Belgium. Univ Vienna, Childrens Hosp, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. Hacettepe Univ, Ankara, Turkey. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Children Vaccine Initiat, Geneva, Switzerland. SmithKline Beecham Biol, Brussels, Belgium. Univ Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Spier, RE (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Sch Biol Sci, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 29 PY 1999 VL 17 SU 3 BP S95 EP S104 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 260RA UT WOS:000083962600021 PM 10627242 ER PT J AU Cox, NJ Hughes, JM AF Cox, NJ Hughes, JM TI New options for the prevention of influenza SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cox, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 28 PY 1999 VL 341 IS 18 BP 1387 EP 1388 DI 10.1056/NEJM199910283411809 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 249XE UT WOS:000083357800009 PM 10536132 ER PT J AU Dwyer, D AF Dwyer, D TI Inadvertent use of Bicillin (R) C-R for treatment of syphilis - Maryland, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 777, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dwyer, D (reprint author), Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 16 BP 1513 EP 1514 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 248MB UT WOS:000083277800010 ER PT J AU Pratt, M AF Pratt, M TI Lifestyle and structured interventions to increase physical activity - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pratt, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 16 BP 1517 EP 1517 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 248MB UT WOS:000083277800016 ER PT J AU Mokdad, AH Serdula, MK Dietz, WH Bowman, BA Marks, JS Koplan, JP AF Mokdad, AH Serdula, MK Dietz, WH Bowman, BA Marks, JS Koplan, JP TI The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States, 1991-1998 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MULTISTATE TELEPHONE SURVEY; WEIGHT; ADULTS; OVERWEIGHT; TRENDS; HEIGHT AB Context The increasing prevalence of obesity is a major public health concern, since obesity is associated with several chronic diseases. Objective To monitor trends in state-specific data and to examine changes in the prevalence of obesity among adults. Design Cross-sectional random-digit telephone survey (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System) of noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years or older conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state health departments from 1991 to 1998. Setting States that participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Main Outcome Measures Body mass index calculated from self-reported weight and height. Results The prevalence of obesity (defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2)) increased from 12.0% in 1991 to 17.9% in 1998. A steady increase was observed in all states; in both sexes; across age groups, races, educational levels; and occurred regardless of smoking status. The greatest magnitude of increase was found in the following groups: 18- to 29-year-olds (7.1% to 12.1%), those with some college education (10.6% to 17.8%), and those of Hispanic ethnicity (11.6% to 20.8%), The magnitude of the increased prevalence varied by region (ranging from 31.9% for mid Atlantic to 67.2% for South Atlantic, the area with the greatest increases) and by state (ranging from 11.3% for Delaware to 101.8% for Georgia, the state with the greatest increases). Conclusions Obesity continues to increase rapidly in the United States. To alter this trend, strategies and programs for weight maintenance as well as weight reduction must become a higher public health priority. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 1424 Z9 1459 U1 6 U2 46 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 16 BP 1519 EP 1522 DI 10.1001/jama.282.16.1519 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 248MB UT WOS:000083277800018 PM 10546690 ER PT J AU Must, A Spadano, J Coakley, EH Field, AE Colditz, G Dietz, WH AF Must, A Spadano, J Coakley, EH Field, AE Colditz, G Dietz, WH TI The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT North-American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Obesity Meeting CY NOV 10, 1997 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP N Amer Assoc Study Obesity ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; FAT DISTRIBUTION; WOMEN; MORTALITY; RISK; PREVALENCE; WEIGHT; POPULATION; PREDICTORS AB Context Overweight and obesity are increasing dramatically in the United States and most likely contribute substantially to the burden of chronic health conditions. Objective To describe the relationship between weight status and prevalence of health conditions by severity of overweight and obesity in the US population. Design and Setting Nationally representative cross-sectional survey using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), which was conducted in 2 phases from 1988 to 1994. Participants A total of 16 884 adults, 25 years and older, classified as overweight and obese (body mass index [BMI] greater than or equal to 25 kg/m(2)) based on National Institutes of Health recommended guidelines. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, gallbladder disease, coronary heart disease, high blood cholesterol level, high blood pressure, or osteoarthritis, Results Sixty-three percent of men and 55% of women had a body mass index of 25 kg/m(2) or greater. A graded increase in the prevalence ratio (PR) was observed with increasing severity of overweight and obesity for all of the health outcomes except for coronary heart disease in men and high blood cholesterol level in both men and women. With normal-weight individuals as the reference, for individuals with BMIs of at least 40 kg/m(2) and who were younger than 55 years, PRs were highest for type 2 diabetes for men (PR, 18.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7-46.8) and women (PR, 12.9; 95% CI, 5.7-28.1) and gallbladder disease for men (PR, 21.1; 95% CI, 4.1-84.2) and women (PR, 5.2; 95% CI, 2.9-8.9). Prevalence ratios generally were greater in younger than in older adults. The prevalence of having 2 or more health conditions increased with weight status category across all racial and ethnic subgroups. Conclusions Based on these results, more than half of all US adults are considered overweight or obese. The prevalence of obesity-related comorbidities emphasizes the need for concerted efforts to prevent and treat obesity rather than just its associated comorbidities. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. New England Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Must, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 NR 39 TC 2463 Z9 2520 U1 23 U2 220 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 16 BP 1523 EP 1529 DI 10.1001/jama.282.16.1523 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 248MB UT WOS:000083277800019 PM 10546691 ER PT J AU Galuska, DA Will, JC Serdula, MK Ford, ES AF Galuska, DA Will, JC Serdula, MK Ford, ES TI Are health care professionals advising obese patients to lose weight? SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PHYSICIAN ADVICE; PRACTITIONERS; PROMOTION; ATTITUDES; BEHAVIOR AB Context Implementation of the National Institutes of Health's 1998 guidelines, which recommended that health care professionals advise obese patients to lose weight, required baseline data for evaluation. Objectives To describe the proportion and characteristics of obese persons advised to lose weight by their health care professional during the previous 12 months and to determine whether the advice was associated with reported attempts to lose weight. Design The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a random-digit telephone survey conducted in 1996 by state health departments. Setting Population-based sample from 50 states and the District of Columbia. Participants A total of 22 835 adults, 18 years and older, classified as obese (body mass index greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2)), who had visited their physician for a routine checkup during the previous 12 months. Main Outcome Measures Reported advice from a health care professional to lose weight, and reported attempts to lose weight. Results Forty-two percent of participants reported that their hearth care professional advised them to lose weight. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that the persons who were more likely to receive advice were female, middle aged, had higher levels of education, lived in the northeast, reported poorer perceived health, were more obese, and had diabetes mellitus. Persons who reported receiving advice to lose weight were significantly more likely to report trying to lose weight than those who did not (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 2.53-3.08). Conclusions Less than half of obese adults report being advised to lose weight by health care professionals. Barriers to counseling need to be identified and addressed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Galuska, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Bufford Hwy,MS K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 398 Z9 400 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 16 BP 1576 EP 1578 DI 10.1001/jama.282.16.1576 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 248MB UT WOS:000083277800026 PM 10546698 ER PT J AU Koplan, JP Dietz, WH AF Koplan, JP Dietz, WH TI Caloric imbalance and public health policy SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 167 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 16 BP 1579 EP 1581 DI 10.1001/jama.282.16.1579 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 248MB UT WOS:000083277800027 PM 10546699 ER PT J AU Jochimsen, EM Luo, CC Beltrami, JF Respess, RA Schable, CA Cardo, DM AF Jochimsen, EM Luo, CC Beltrami, JF Respess, RA Schable, CA Cardo, DM TI Investigations of possible failures of postexposure prophylaxis following occupational exposures to human immunodeficiency virus SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; ANTIBODY AB Information suggesting that zidovudine postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission after occupational exposure to HIV-infected blood prompted the US Public Health Service to provide guidelines for the use of combination drug therapy for chemoprophylaxis after certain occupational exposures to HIV.(1,2) Many health care workers (HCWs) worldwide may take PEP following occupational exposures to HIV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Infect Branch, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jochimsen, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Infect Branch, Hosp Infect Program, Mailstop E-68,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 159 IS 19 BP 2361 EP 2363 DI 10.1001/archinte.159.19.2361 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 249WN UT WOS:000083356400016 PM 10547177 ER PT J AU Bisharat, N Agmon, V Finkelstein, R Raz, R Ben-Dror, G Lerner, L Soboh, S Colodner, R Cameron, DN Wykstra, DL Swerdlow, DL Farmer, JJ AF Bisharat, N Agmon, V Finkelstein, R Raz, R Ben-Dror, G Lerner, L Soboh, S Colodner, R Cameron, DN Wykstra, DL Swerdlow, DL Farmer, JJ CA Israel Vibrio Study Grp TI Clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological features of Vibrio vulnificus biogroup 3 causing outbreaks of wound infection and bacteraemia in Israel SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID GULF-COAST; BENECKEA VULNIFICUS; FISH; MANIFESTATIONS; ENVIRONMENT; FLORIDA AB Background Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that causes septicaemia and wound infection. Cases occur sporadically, and no previous outbreaks due to a common source or a clonal strain have been reported. In the summer and autumn of 1996 and 1997, an outbreak of invasive V vulnificus infection occurred in Israel in people who had recently handled fresh, whole fish purchased from artificial fish-ponds. Methods We reviewed clinical and epidemiological information, and undertook an environmental investigation to assess disease characteristics, modes of transmission, phenotypic characteristics of the bacterium, and fish-marketing policy. The clonal nature of 19 isolates was studied by biotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of a PCR fragment. Findings During 1996-97, 62 cases of wound infection and bacteraemia occurred. 57 patients developed cellulitis, four had necrotising fasciitis, and one developed osteomyelitis. In all cases, the fish were cultivated in inland fish-ponds. In the summer of 1996, fish-pond managers initiated a new marketing policy, in which fish were sold alive instead of being packed in ice. Phenotypically, the isolates had five atypical biochemical test results. The isolates were non-typeable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and all had the same PCR-RFLP pattern which had not been seen previously. Interpretation The cause of the outbreak was a new strain of V vulnificus, classified as biogroup 3. A new fish-marketing policy that began in 1996 may have exposed susceptible people to the organism. C1 HaEmek Med Ctr, Infect Dis Unit, IL-18101 Afula, Israel. HaEmek Med Ctr, Microbiol Lab, IL-18101 Afula, Israel. Govt Cent Labs, Jerusalem, Israel. Rambam Med Ctr, Infect Dis Unit, Haifa, Israel. Poriah Med Ctr, Dept Med, Tiberias, Israel. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Lab Sect, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bisharat, N (reprint author), HaEmek Med Ctr, Infect Dis Unit, IL-18101 Afula, Israel. NR 33 TC 178 Z9 186 U1 0 U2 8 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 23 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9188 BP 1421 EP 1424 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)02471-X PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 248LY UT WOS:000083277400011 PM 10543668 ER PT J AU Celebucki, C Turner-Bowker, DM Connolly, G Koh, HK AF Celebucki, C Turner-Bowker, DM Connolly, G Koh, HK CA CDC TI Bidi use among urban youth - Massachusetts, March-April 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 796-799, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02108 USA. Tobacco Control Program, Boston, MA USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Celebucki, C (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02108 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 20 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 15 BP 1416 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 245LT UT WOS:000083111000011 ER PT J AU Evens, A Kee, R Broussard, D Anderson, K Mier, S Johnson, J Mennella, C Vallury, V Rabins, C Dizikes, G Schwebke, J Hook, E Meriwether, R Oh, MK Clark, S Whitehead, N Kent, C Hernandez, M Klausner, J Goldenson, J AF Evens, A Kee, R Broussard, D Anderson, K Mier, S Johnson, J Mennella, C Vallury, V Rabins, C Dizikes, G Schwebke, J Hook, E Meriwether, R Oh, MK Clark, S Whitehead, N Kent, C Hernandez, M Klausner, J Goldenson, J CA CDC TI High prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infection in women entering jails and juvenile detention centers - Chicago, Birmingham, and San Francisco, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 793-796, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Cook Cty Juvenile Detent Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Jefferson Cty Sheriffs Off, Birmingham, AL USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. CDC, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIB STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cermak Hlth Serv, Chicago, IL USA. Jefferson Cty Dept Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Evens, A (reprint author), Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 20 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 15 BP 1417 EP 1418 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 245LT UT WOS:000083111000012 ER PT J AU Shay, DK Holman, RC Newman, RD Liu, LL Stout, JW Anderson, LJ AF Shay, DK Holman, RC Newman, RD Liu, LL Stout, JW Anderson, LJ TI Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among US children, 1980-1996 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-SYNCYTIAL-VIRUS; GROUP-A; GROUP-B; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CARE; WASHINGTON; EMERGENCY; ILLNESS AB Context Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes more lower respiratory tract infections, often manifested as bronchiolitis, among young children than any other pathogen. Few national estimates exist of the hospitalizations attributable to RSV, and recent advances in prophylaxis warrant an update of these estimates. Objectives To describe rates of bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations and to estimate current hospitalizations associated with RSV infection. Design and Setting Descriptive analysis of US National Hospital Discharge Survey data from 1980 through 1996. Participants Children younger than 5 years who were hospitalized in short-stay, nonfederal hospitals for bronchiolitis. Main Outcome Measure Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalization rates by age and year. Results During the 17-year study period, an estimated 1.65 million hospitalizations for bronchiolitis occurred among children younger than 5 years, accounting for 7.0 million inpatient days. Fifty-seven percent of these hospitalizations occurred among children younger than 6 months and 81 % among those younger than 1 year. Among children younger than 1 year, annual bronchiolitis hospitalization rates increased 2.4-fold, from 12.9 per 1000 in 1980 to 31.2 per 1000 in 1996. During 1988-1995, infant hospitalization rates for bronchiolitis increased significantly (P for trend <.001), while hospitalization rates for lower respiratory tract diseases excluding bronchiolitis did not vary significantly (P for trend = .20). The proportion of hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract illnesses among children younger than 1 year associated with bronchiolitis increased from 2.2% in 1980 to 47.4% in 1996; among total hospitalizations, this proportion increased from 5.4% to 16.4%, Averaging bronchiolitis hospitalizations during 1994-1996 and assuming that RSV was the etiologic agent in 50% to 80% of November through April hospitalizations, an estimated 51 240 to 81 985 annual bronchiolitis hospitalizations among children younger than 1 year were related to RSV infection. Conclusions During 1980-1996, rates of hospitalization of infants with bronchiolitis increased substantially, as did the proportion of total and lower respiratory tract hospitalizations associated with bronchiolitis. Annual bronchiolitis hospitalizations associated with RSV infection among infants may be greater than previous estimates for RSV bronchiolitis and pneumonia hospitalizations combined. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Shay, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 53 TC 867 Z9 918 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 20 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 15 BP 1440 EP 1446 DI 10.1001/jama.282.15.1440 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 245LT UT WOS:000083111000029 PM 10535434 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Craig, AS Valway, SE Woodley, CL Schaffner, W AF Jones, TF Craig, AS Valway, SE Woodley, CL Schaffner, W TI Transmission of tuberculosis in a jail SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY NOV 12-15, 1998 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Infectious Dis Soc Amer DE disease outbreaks; tuberculosis; prisoners; infection control; tuberculin test ID CORRECTIONAL HEALTH-CARE; YORK-STATE PRISON; RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION; POLYMORPHISM; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; ADMISSION; OUTBREAK; FACILITY AB Background: Outbreaks of tuberculosis are uncommonly recognized in jails. In 1996, an increase in active tuberculosis cases was noted among inmates of a large urban jail. Objectives: To determine the source and extent of a tuberculosis outbreak in an urban jail and to recommend control measures. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Urban jail. Patients: Inmates and guards with tuberculosis. Intervention: Outbreak evaluation and control. Measurements: Medical records of inmates and guards with tuberculosis were reviewed, and inmates were interviewed. DNA fingerprinting was performed on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Results: From 1 January 1995 through 31 December 1997, active tuberculosis was diagnosed in 38 inmates and 5 guards from the jail. Nineteen (79%) of the 24 culture-positive inmates had isolates with DNA fingerprints matching those of other inmates. Isolates from both culture-positive guards matched the predominant inmate strain; only 6 (14%) of 43 isolates from infected persons in the community had this pattern. The median length of incarceration of all inmates in the jail was 1 day; the median length of continuous incarceration before diagnosis of tuberculosis in inmates was 138 days. Inmates with tuberculosis had been incarcerated a median of 15 times. Forty-three percent of persons in this city with tuberculosis diagnosed from January 1995 through July 1997 had been incarcerated in the jail at some time before diagnosis. Conclusions: Traditional and molecular epidemiologic investigations suggest that tuberculosis was transmitted among inmates and guards in an urban jail. Aggressive measures to screen for active tuberculosis upon incarceration are important for preventing spread of disease in jails and to the surrounding community. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, CEDS, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, CEDS, Cordell Hull Bldg,4th Floor,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. NR 31 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 19 PY 1999 VL 131 IS 8 BP 557 EP + PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 246ZR UT WOS:000083196600001 PM 10523215 ER PT J AU Mermin, JH Griffin, PM AF Mermin, JH Griffin, PM TI Public health in crisis: Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infections in Japan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SALMONELLA-AGONA INFECTION; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; SUBWAY SARIN ATTACK; EAT SAVOURY SNACK; DISASTER MANAGEMENT; BLOODY DIARRHEA; ALFALFA SPROUTS; RADISH SPROUTS; SEEDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Griffin, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS-A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 60 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 8 BP 797 EP 803 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244YY UT WOS:000083079400002 PM 10522650 ER PT J AU Gardner, LI Landsittel, DP Nelson, NA AF Gardner, LI Landsittel, DP Nelson, NA TI Risk factors for back injury in 31,076 retail merchandise store workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE incidence; low back pain; musculoskeletal system; occupational exposure; wounds and injuries ID PAIN; INDUSTRY; DISORDERS; EXPOSURE; NURSES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHALLENGES; COMPLAINTS; EMPLOYEES; VIBRATION AB Risk factors for work-associated strain or sprain back injuries were investigated in a cohort of 31,076 material handlers from 260 retail merchandise stores in the United States. The workers studied were those with significant material-handling responsibilities-daily lifting and movement of merchandise. Workers in jobs with the greatest physical work requirements had an injury rate of 3.64 per 100 person-years versus 1.82 in workers with lesser work requirements. The unadjusted injury rate for males was 3.67 per 100 person-years compared with 2.34 per 100 person-years for females, but the excess for males was confounded by higher physical work requirements for men in the stocker/receiver job category. The injury rate ratio for short versus long duration of employment was 3.53 (95% confidence interval: 2.90, 4.30); for medium versus long duration of employment, it was 1.38 (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 1.62). The elevated rate ratios were maintained when the data were stratified by subsets with different rates of turnover. The results suggest that workers with the greatest physical work requirements and those with the shortest duration of employment are at the highest risk of back injuries. However, selection forces causing worker turnover within this cohort of active workers are not well characterized and have the potential to bias the measures for time-related factors such as duration of employment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Gardner, LI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 8 BP 825 EP 833 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244YY UT WOS:000083079400006 PM 10522653 ER PT J AU Li, M Hurtubise, RJ Weston, A AF Li, M Hurtubise, RJ Weston, A TI Determination of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts by solid- matrix phosphorescence SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORESCENCE; DNA-ADDUCTS; FILTER-PAPER; HUMAN LUNG; LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; STEREOISOMERIC TETROLS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FLUORESCENCE; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTITATION AB It has been demonstrated for the first time that linear relationships can be obtained between the solid-matrix phosphorescence (SMP) and the percent modification of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adducts, The samples of DNA were modified with BPDE at levels of 5.0 x 10(-3), 1.0 x 10(-3), 5.0 x 10(-4) 1.0 x 10(-4), 5.0 x 10(-5), and 1.0 x 10(-5)%. In addition, the changes in the SMP intensities of a given percentage of DNA adduct were investigated as a function of sample size, and linear relationships were also acquired. With the different percentages of modified DNA, very good reproducibility of the SMP signals was obtained. Data were acquired with both Whatman 1PS paper and 30% T1NO(3)/ sodium acetate as solid matrixes. The limit of detection for the BPDE-DNA adducts was 2 adducts in 10(7) bases for both Whatman 1PS paper and 30% T1NO(3)/sodium acetate, In addition, it was shown that it would be important to develop a standard procedure for the preparation of the BPDE-DNA samples if different batches of DNA were used in the preparation procedure. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. XenoBiot Labs Inc, Plainsboro, NJ 08536 USA. NIOSH, CDC, HELD, TMBB, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hurtubise, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 20 BP 4679 EP 4683 DI 10.1021/ac9905726 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 247GH UT WOS:000083212400037 PM 10546534 ER PT J AU Schmid, I Kunkl, A Nicholson, JKA AF Schmid, I Kunkl, A Nicholson, JKA TI Biosafety considerations for flow cytometric analysis of human immunodeficiency virus-infected samples SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; biohazard; occupational health; laboratory safety; HIV ID HIV-INFECTION; WHOLE-BLOOD; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; FOLLOW-UP; H9 CELLS; T-CELLS; INACTIVATION; REAGENTS; FIXATION; TYPE-1 C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Hematol & Oncol, Los Angeles, CA USA. San Martino Hosp, Dept Immunol, Genoa, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schmid, I (reprint author), Dept Med Hematol Oncol, 12-236 Factor Bldg,10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI28697] NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 5 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19991015)38:5<195::AID-CYTO1>3.0.CO;2-P PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 249UU UT WOS:000083352300001 PM 10516605 ER PT J CA CDC TI Epidemiology of measles - United States, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 749-753, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Measles Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Measles Eliminat Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Measles Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 13 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 14 BP 1323 EP 1324 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 243MB UT WOS:000083000800009 ER PT J AU Nelson, RS Morin, CA Cartter, ML Mshar, P Hadler, JL Beckett, G Gensheimer, K Isadore, J Kludt, P Matyas, BT DeMaria, A Johnson, M Greenblatt, J Mouradjian, L Nolan, P Bandy, U Carney, JK Greene, CJ Galbraith, PD AF Nelson, RS Morin, CA Cartter, ML Mshar, P Hadler, JL Beckett, G Gensheimer, K Isadore, J Kludt, P Matyas, BT DeMaria, A Johnson, M Greenblatt, J Mouradjian, L Nolan, P Bandy, U Carney, JK Greene, CJ Galbraith, PD TI Meningococcal disease - New England, 1993-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 629-633, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Maine Dept Human Serv, Augusta, ME USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nelson, RS (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 13 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 14 BP 1324 EP 1326 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 243MB UT WOS:000083000800010 ER PT J AU Wheeler, R Koponen, MA John-son, AB Meehan, PJ Lance-Parker, SE Powell, KE AF Wheeler, R Koponen, MA John-son, AB Meehan, PJ Lance-Parker, SE Powell, KE TI Carbon monoxide poisoning deaths associated with camping - Georgia, March 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 705-706, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Georgia Bur Invest, Atlanta, GA USA. Newton Cty Hlth Dept, Covington, LA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Environm Hazards Epidemiol Sect,Hlth Studies Bran, Surveillance & Programs Branch,Air Pollut & Resp, Atlanta, GA USA. Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wheeler, R (reprint author), Georgia Bur Invest, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 13 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 14 BP 1326 EP 1326 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 243MB UT WOS:000083000800011 ER PT J AU Serdula, MK Mokdad, AH Williamson, DF Galuska, DA Mendlein, JM Heath, GW AF Serdula, MK Mokdad, AH Williamson, DF Galuska, DA Mendlein, JM Heath, GW TI Prevalence of attempting weight loss and strategies for controlling weight SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FAT-CONTENT; ADULTS; OVERWEIGHT; EXERCISE; WOMEN AB Context Overweight and obesity are increasing in the United States. Changes in diet and physical activity are important for weight control. Objectives To examine the prevalence of attempting to lose or to maintain weight and to describe weight control strategies among US adults. Design The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a random-digit telephone survey conducted in 1996 by state health departments. Setting The 49 states (and the District of Columbia) that participated in the survey. Participants Adults aged 18 years and older (N = 107 804). Main Outcome Measures Reported current weights and goal weights, prevalence of weight loss or maintenance attempts, and strategies used to control weight (eating fewer calories, eating less fat, or using physical activity) by population subgroup. Results The prevalence of attempting to lose and maintain weight was 28.8% and 35.1% among men and 43.6% and 34.4% among women, respectively. Among those attempting to lose weight, a common strategy was to consume less fat but not fewer calories (34.9% of men and 40.0% of women); only 21.5% of men and 19.4% of women reported using the recommended combination of eating fewer calories and engaging in at least 150 minutes of leisure-time physical activity per week. Among men trying to lose weight, the median weight was 90.4 kg with a goal weight of 81.4 kg. Among women, the median weight was 70.3 kg with a goal weight of 59.0 kg. Conclusions Weight loss and weight maintenance are common concerns for US men and women. Most persons trying to lose weight are not using the recommended combination of reducing calorie intake and engaging in leisure-time physical activity 150 minutes or more per week. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Serdula, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 317 Z9 320 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 13 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 14 BP 1353 EP 1358 DI 10.1001/jama.282.14.1353 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 243MB UT WOS:000083000800030 PM 10527182 ER PT J AU Dietz, PH Spitz, AM Anda, RF Williamson, DF McMahon, PM Santelli, JS Nordenberg, DF Felitti, VJ Kendrick, JS AF Dietz, PH Spitz, AM Anda, RF Williamson, DF McMahon, PM Santelli, JS Nordenberg, DF Felitti, VJ Kendrick, JS TI Unintended pregnancy among adult women exposed to abuse or household dysfunction during their childhood SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SEXUAL ABUSE; ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY; PREVALENCE; ABORTION; RISK AB Context Studies have identified childhood sexual and physical abuse as a risk factor for adolescent pregnancy but the relationship between exposure to childhood abuse and unintended pregnancy in adulthood has, to our knowledge, not been studied. Objective To assess whether unintended pregnancy during adulthood is associated with exposure to psychological, physical, or sexual abuse or household dysfunction during childhood. Design and Setting Analysis of data from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, a survey mailed to members of a large health maintenance organization who visited a clinic in San Diego, Calif, between August and November 1995 and January and March 1996, The survey had a 63.4% response rate among the target population for this study. Participants A total of 1193 women aged 20 to 50 years whose first pregnancy occurred at or after age 20 years. Main Outcome Measure Risk of unintended first pregnancy by type of abuse (psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; peer sexual assault) and type of household dysfunction (physical abuse of mother by her partner, substance abuse by a household member, mental illness of a household member). Results More than 45% of the women reported that their first pregnancy was unintended, and 65.8% reported exposure to 2 or more types of childhood abuse or household dysfunction. After adjustment for confounders (marital status at first pregnancy and age at first pregnancy), the strongest associations between childhood experiences and unintended first pregnancy included frequent psychological abuse (risk ratio [RR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.6), frequent physical abuse of the mother by her partner (RR, 1.4, 95% CI, 1.1-1.7), and frequent physical abuse (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.8). Women who experienced 4 or more types of abuse during their childhood were 1.5 times (95% CI, 1.2-1.8) more likely to have an unintended first pregnancy during adulthood than women who did not experience any abuse. Conclusions This study indicates that there may be a dose-response association between exposure to childhood abuse or household dysfunction and unintended first pregnancy in adulthood. Additional research is needed to fully understand the causal pathway of this association. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. RP Spitz, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-35,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-44-10/12] NR 20 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 13 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 14 BP 1359 EP 1364 DI 10.1001/jama.282.14.1359 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 243MB UT WOS:000083000800031 PM 10527183 ER PT J AU Paton, NI Leo, YS Zaki, SR Auchus, AP Lee, KE Ling, AE Chew, SK Ang, B Rollin, PE Umapathi, T Sng, I Lee, CC Lim, E Ksiazek, TG AF Paton, NI Leo, YS Zaki, SR Auchus, AP Lee, KE Ling, AE Chew, SK Ang, B Rollin, PE Umapathi, T Sng, I Lee, CC Lim, E Ksiazek, TG TI Outbreak of Nipah-virus infection among abattoir workers in Singapore SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALITIS; DISEASE; HORSES AB Background In March 1999, an outbreak of encephalitis and pneumonia occurred in workers at an abattoir in Singapore. We describe the clinical presentation and the results of investigations in these patients. Methods Clinical and laboratory data were collected by systemic review of the case records. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were tested for IgM antibodies to Nipah virus with an IgM capture ELISA, Reverse-transcriptase PCR was done on the CSF and tissue samples from one patient who died. Findings Eleven patients were confirmed to have acute Nipah-virus infection based on raised IgM in serum. Nipah virus was identified by reverse-transcriptase PCR in the CSF and tissue of the patient who died. The patients were all men, with a median age of 44 years. The commonest presenting symptoms were fever, headache, and drowsiness. Eight patients presented with signs of encephalitis (decreased level of consciousness or focal neurological signs). Three patients presented with atypical pneumonia, but one later developed hallucinations and had evidence of encephalitis on CSF examination. Abnormal laboratory findings included a low lymphocyte count (nine patients), low platelet count, low serum sodium, and high aspartate aminostransferase concentration (each observed in five patients). The CSF protein was high in eight patients and white-blood-cell count was high in seven. Chest radiography showed mild interstitial shadowing in eight patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed focal areas of increased signal intensity in the cortical white marker in all eight patients who were scanned. The nine patients with encephalitis received empirical treatment with intravenous aciclovir and eight survived. Interpretation Infection with Nipah virus caused an encephalitis illness with characteristic focal areas of increased intensity seen on MRI, Lung involvement was also common, acid the disease may present as an atypical pneumonia. C1 Tan Tock Seng Hosp, Communicable Dis Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Singapore 308433, Singapore. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Singapore 0316, Singapore. Natl Inst Neurosci, Singapore, Singapore. Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Singapore 0316, Singapore. Minist Hlth, Singapore, Singapore. RP Paton, NI (reprint author), Tan Tock Seng Hosp, Communicable Dis Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Moulmein Rd, Singapore 308433, Singapore. NR 8 TC 198 Z9 209 U1 2 U2 10 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 9 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9186 BP 1253 EP 1256 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04379-2 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 243RE UT WOS:000083010400011 PM 10520634 ER PT J AU Chua, KB Goh, KJ Wong, KT Kamarulzaman, A Tan, PSK Ksiazek, TG Zaki, SR Paul, G Lam, SK Tan, CT AF Chua, KB Goh, KJ Wong, KT Kamarulzaman, A Tan, PSK Ksiazek, TG Zaki, SR Paul, G Lam, SK Tan, CT TI Fatal encephalitis due to Nipah virus among pig-farmers in Malaysia SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID MORBILLIVIRUS; HORSES; INFECTION; HUMANS AB Background Between February and April, 1999, an outbreak of viral encephalitis occurred among pig-farmers in Malaysia. We report findings for the first three patients who died. Methods Samples of tissue were taken at necropsy. Blood and cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) samples taken before death were cultured for viruses, and tested for antibodies to viruses. Findings The three pig-farmers presented with fever, headache, and altered level of consciousness. Myoclonus was present in two patients. There were signs of brainstem dysfunction with hypertension and tachycardia. Rapid deterioration led to irreversible hypotension and death. A virus causing syncytial formation of vero cells was cultured from the CSF of two patients after 5 days; the virus stained positively with antibodies against Hendra virus by indirect immunofluorescence, IgM capture ELISA showed that all three patients had IgM antibodies in CSF against Hendra viral antigens. Necropsy showed widespread microinfarction in the central nervous system and other organs resulting from vasculitis-induced thrombosis. There was no clinical evidence of pulmonary involvement. Inclusion bodies likely to be of viral origin were noted in neurons near vasculitic blood vessels. Interpretation The causative agent was a previously undescribed paramyxovirus related to the Hendra virus. Close contact with infected pigs may be the source of the viral transmission. Clinically and epidemiologically the infection is distinct from infection by the Hendra virus. We propose that this Hendra-like virus was the cause of the outbreak of encephalitis in Malaysia. C1 Univ Malaya, Dept Med, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Univ Malaya, Dept Med Microbiol, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Univ Malaya, Dept Pathol, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Univ Malaya, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goh, KJ (reprint author), Univ Malaya, Dept Med, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. RI LAM, SAI KIT/B-5231-2010; Goh, Khean Jin/D-1990-2010; Wong, Kum Thong/B-2788-2010 OI Goh, Khean Jin/0000-0001-5416-9627; NR 6 TC 348 Z9 379 U1 4 U2 28 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 9 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9186 BP 1257 EP 1259 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04299-3 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 243RE UT WOS:000083010400012 PM 10520635 ER PT J AU Cox, NJ Subbarao, K AF Cox, NJ Subbarao, K TI Influenza SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTIONS; A INFECTIONS; YOUNG-ADULTS; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; VACCINATION; IMPACT; PREVENTION; EPIDEMICS; ZANAMIVIR AB Influenza is the most frequent cause of acute respiratory illness requiring medical intervention because it affects all age groups and because it can recur in any individual. During the past three decades, efforts to prevent and control influenza have focused primarily on the use of inactivated influenza vaccines in elderly people and in individuals with chronic medical conditions that put them at risk for complications. However, the continuing impact of influenza in these and other population groups has motivated the development of novel approaches for prevention and control of influenza. Several important advances in the field of influenza have occurred in the last few years. An experimental live, attenuated, intranasally administered trivalent influenza vaccine was shown to be highly effective in protecting young children against influenza A H3N2 and influenza B. New antiviral drugs based on the structure of the neuraminidase molecule were assessed in clinical trials and found to be effective against influenza A and B viruses. The expected use of these new antiviral agents has accelerated the development of rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests. The availability of new diagnostic tests, new antiviral drugs, and new vaccines will undoubtedly alter our approaches to influenza control and have an impact on clinical practice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cox, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 48 TC 419 Z9 462 U1 3 U2 35 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 9 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9186 BP 1277 EP 1282 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01241-6 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 243RE UT WOS:000083010400043 PM 10520648 ER PT J AU Stanfill, SB Ashley, DL AF Stanfill, SB Ashley, DL TI Solid phase microextraction of alkcenylbenzenes and other flavor-related compounds from tobacco for analysis by selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE tobacco; alkcenylbenzenes; pulegone; piperonal; coumarin ID CIGARETTE-SMOKE; TOXICITY; HEPATOTOXICITY; ADDITIVES; PRODUCTS; PULEGONE; EUGENOL; WATER; RATS AB Some constituents found in natural flavorings are known to exhibit toxic properties. We developed a rapid method for quantifying 12 flavor-related compounds in cigarette tobacco using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using selected ion monitoring, we quantified and positively identified coumarin; pulegone; piperonal and nine alkenylbenzenes, including trans-anethole, safrole, methyleugenol and myristicin in one or more brands of cigarettes. In 62% of 68 brands analyzed, we detected one or more of the flavor-related compounds ranging from 0.0018 to 43 mu g/g. Toxic properties of these flavor-related compounds may constitute an additional health risk related to cigarette smoking. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci,Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Stanfill, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci,Air Toxicants Branch, Mailstop F-19,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 8 PY 1999 VL 858 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00796-7 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 245CE UT WOS:000083088000007 PM 10544893 ER PT J AU Williamson, DF AF Williamson, DF TI The prevention of obesity SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BODY-MASS INDEX; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; WEIGHT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Williamson, DF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 7 PY 1999 VL 341 IS 15 BP 1140 EP 1141 DI 10.1056/NEJM199910073411508 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 245BW UT WOS:000083087200008 PM 10511614 ER PT J CA Natl Ctr Infect Dis Natl Immunization Program Agcy Toxic Subst Dis Registry CDC TI Availability of hepatitis B vaccine that does not contain thimerosal as a preservative (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 780-782, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 6 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 13 BP 1219 EP 1220 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 241UM UT WOS:000082901100009 ER PT J CA Div Reprod Hlth Natl Ctr Chronic Dis Prevention Hlth Promotion Div Vital Stat CDC TI State-specific maternal mortality among black and white women - United States, 1987-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 492-496, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 6 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 13 BP 1220 EP 1222 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 241UM UT WOS:000082901100010 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC Archibald, LK Rheanpumikankit, S Tansuphaswadikul, S Eampokalap, B Nwanyanawu, O Kazembe, P Dobbie, H Reller, LB Jarvis, WR AF McDonald, LC Archibald, LK Rheanpumikankit, S Tansuphaswadikul, S Eampokalap, B Nwanyanawu, O Kazembe, P Dobbie, H Reller, LB Jarvis, WR TI Unrecognised Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteraemia among hospital inpatients in less developed countries SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BACTEC 12B BOTTLES; INFECTION; BACTEREMIA; DIAGNOSIS; EXTRAPULMONARY; NAIROBI; SYSTEM AB Background Nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a global public-health concern. Although early clinical recognition of M tuberculosis in hospital inpatients is critical for effective infection control, such recognition may be difficult in patients with HIV infection. To find out whether M tuberculosis bacteraemia frequently goes unrecognised, we did a prospective blood-culture survey in an infectious-diseases hospital in Thailand and a general hospital in Malawi, Methods Consecutive febrile (greater than or equal to 37.5 degrees C axillary or greater than or equal to 38.0 degrees C orally) hospital inpatients (aged greater than or equal to 18 years) were enrolled; blood was obtained for mycobacterial culture and HIV testing. Simple diagnostic tests, such as chest radiographs and sputum smears, were ordered by clinicians as deemed necessary, and were carried out with existing local resources. Findings Of 344 patients enrolled, 255 (74%) were HIV infected, the median age was 33 years (range 18-87), and 208 (61%) were male. 34 (10%) patients had NI tuberculosis bacteraemia; five of these patients were already on antituberculosis therapy. Only HIV-infected patients had M tuberculosis bacteraemia. Of the 29 patients with M tuberculosis bacteraemia who were not already receiving antituberculosis therapy, 13 (45%) had an abnormal chest radiograph or a positive sputum smear. 16 (55%) patients had no additional diagnostic test results to indicate M tuberculosis infection; 18 (81%) of these had a cough. Interpretation In less developed countries where both M tuberculosis and HIV infections are prevalent, M tuberculosis bacteraemia may frequently go unrecognised among febrile hospital inpatients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bamrasnaradura Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 2 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9185 BP 1159 EP 1163 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)12325-5 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 242QX UT WOS:000082954100011 PM 10513709 ER PT J AU Herwaldt, BL AF Herwaldt, BL TI Leishmaniasis SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID INDIAN VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; MUCOCUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; NATURAL-HISTORY; KALA-AZAR; DIAGNOSIS; CELL; DNA; GUATEMALA AB In 1903, Leishman and Donovan separately described the protozoan now called Leishmania donovani in splenic tissue from patients in India with the life-threatening disease now called visceral leishmaniasis. Almost a century later, many features of leishmaniasis and its major syndromes (ie, visceral, cutaneous, and mucosal) have remained the same; but also much has changed. As before, epidemics of this sandfly-borne disease occur periodically in India and elsewhere; but leishmaniasis has also emerged in new regions and settings, for example, as an AIDS-associated opportunistic infection. Diagnosis still typically relies on classic microbiological methods, but molecular-based approaches are being tested. Pentavalent antimony compounds have been the mainstay of antileishmanial therapy for half a century, but lipid formulations of amphotericin B (though expensive and administered parenterally) represent a major advance for treating visceral leishmaniasis. A pressing need is for the technological advances in the understanding of the immune response to leishmania and the pathogenesis of leishmaniasis to be translated into field-applicable and affordable methods for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Herwaldt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 41 TC 970 Z9 1010 U1 13 U2 92 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 2 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9185 BP 1191 EP 1199 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)10178-2 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 242QX UT WOS:000082954100044 PM 10513726 ER PT J AU Amornkul, PN Tansuphasawadikul, S Limpakarnjanarat, K Likanonsakul, S Young, N Eampokalap, B Kaewkungwal, J Naiwatanakul, T Von Bargen, J Hu, DJ Mastro, TD AF Amornkul, PN Tansuphasawadikul, S Limpakarnjanarat, K Likanonsakul, S Young, N Eampokalap, B Kaewkungwal, J Naiwatanakul, T Von Bargen, J Hu, DJ Mastro, TD TI Clinical disease associated with HIV-1 subtype B ' and E infection among 2104 patients in Thailand SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; Asia; extrapulmonary cryptococcosis; HIV-1 subtypes E and B '; injection drug users; sexual transmission; Thailand; tuberculosis ID INJECTING DRUG-USERS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; BANGKOK; COUNTS AB Background: Two HIV-1 envelope subtypes have accounted for virtually all infections in Thailand: subtype B' (Thai B), found mainly in injection drug users (IDU), and subtype E, found in over 90% of sexually infected persons and an increasing proportion of IDU in recent years. It remains unclear whether there are differences in pathogenesis associated with these HIV-1 subtypes. Methods: From November 1993 to June 1996, demographic, risk, clinical, and laboratory data were collected by enhanced surveillance from HIV-infected inpatients (greater than or equal to 14 years) at an infectious disease hospital near Bangkok. HIV-1 subtype was determined by V3-loop peptide enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Because of confounding, multivariate analyses were stratified by risk category and controlled for sex and age. Results: The infecting HIV-1 subtype was determined for 2104 (94.9%) of 2217 HIV-infected patients with complete data: 284 (13.5%) were subtype B', 1820 (86.5%) were E. Specimens from 113 (5.1%) patients were non-reactive or dually reactive on peptide EIA and were excluded. Among IDU, 199 (67.2%) had subtype B', and 97 (32.7%) had E. IDU accounted for 70.1% (199/284) of patients with subtype B' and 5.3% (97/1820) of those with E. Patients infected with HIV-1 subtypes B' or E had similar spectrums of opportunistic infections (OI), levels of immunosuppression, and in-hospital mortality rates. Of patients who did not inject drugs, more patients infected with subtype E had extrapulmonary cryptococcosis than those with subtype B' (adjusted odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-5.37). Conclusion: HIV-1 subtypes B' and E seem to be associated with similar degrees of immunosuppression and, with one exception, with similar OI patterns. These data do not suggest an association between HIV-1 subtype and differences in pathogenicity. (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EIS, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Int Act Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bamrasnaradura Infect Dis Hosp, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Limpakarnjanarat, K (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 22 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 14 BP 1963 EP 1969 DI 10.1097/00002030-199910010-00020 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 241FH UT WOS:000082871700020 PM 10513656 ER PT J AU Schmid, G AF Schmid, G TI Thinking about sexually transmitted diseases SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prog Dev & Support Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schmid, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prog Dev & Support Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-27,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1335 EP 1336 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 246FL UT WOS:000083153700007 PM 10524481 ER PT J AU Burt, CW AF Burt, CW TI Summary statistics for acute cardiac ischemia and chest pain visits to United States EDs, 1995-1996 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chest pain; thrombolysis; acute cardiac ischemia; emergency department; NHAMCS; AMI ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY; EMERGENCY; PATIENT; TRIAL AB In this article we describe characteristics of emergency encounters for patients with a diagnosis of acute cardiac ischemia (ACI) and for patients with chest pain complaints, Data are from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, which includes abstracts from the medical records of a national probability sample of visits to emergency departments (ED). Analysis was limited to records of patients 25 years of age and older with a diagnosis of either confirmed or suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or unstable angina pectoris and records with a nontraumatic chest pain complaint, There was an estimated annual average of 1.2 million visits to EDs by patients 25 years and over with a diagnosis of ACI in 1995-1996, an average annual rate of 7.2 visits per 1,000 persons, Visit rates varied by patient's age, race, and gender. Chest pain was a complaint in three-fourths of all ACI visits. There were an estimated 4.6 million annual ED visits where in patients aged 25 years and older had complaints of nontraumatic chest pain, an average annual rate of 27.7 visits per 1,000 persons. ACI accounted for 11% of all chest pain visits, hut the probability of the chest pain visit having an ACI diagnosis varied by patient's age and race, There remains a large amount of variation in treatment for suspected and confirmed AMI, and for patients presenting with chest pain to EDs. (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Burt, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Room 952,6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 552 EP 559 DI 10.1016/S0735-6757(99)90195-X PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 244MY UT WOS:000083056400012 PM 10530533 ER PT J AU McDermott, JM Drews, CD Adams, MM Hill, HA Berg, CJ McCarthy, BJ AF McDermott, JM Drews, CD Adams, MM Hill, HA Berg, CJ McCarthy, BJ TI Does inadequate prenatal care contribute to growth retardation among second-born African-American babies? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blacks; infant; small for gestational age; prenatal care ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; LINKING VITAL RECORDS; GESTATIONAL-AGE; PRETERM DELIVERY; RISK-FACTORS; REPRODUCTIVE HISTORIES; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; BLACK-WOMEN; OUTCOMES AB The authors evaluated the relation between adequacy of prenatal care and risk of delivery of full term small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. Data were derived from maternally linked birth certificates for 6,325 African-American women whose first two pregnancies ended in singleton, full term live births in Georgia from 1989 through 1992. The authors used stratified analysis to assess the effect of prenatal care on the risk of having an SGA baby in the second pregnancy among women with and without an SGA baby in their first pregnancy. The group of women with a history of SGA birth may be more likely to include persons for whom SGA delivery is related to factors, such as genetics, that are not amenable to intervention by prenatal care. Inadequate prenatal care was not associated with the risk of SGA delivery among women who had previously delivered an SGA baby. In unadjusted analyses, inadequate prenatal care was associated with an increased risk of delivering a full term SGA baby in the second pregnancy among women whose first baby was not SGA (risk ratio = 1.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.55). The association did not persist when data were adjusted for confounding variables (odds ratio = 1.11;95% confidence interval: 0.89, 1.38). Regardless of outcome in the first pregnancy, adequate prenatal care did not reduce the risk of full term SGA birth among second pregnancies in this population. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McDermott, JM (reprint author), MotherCare John Snow Inc, 1616 N Fort Myer Dr,11th Floor, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/M-8560-2016 OI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/0000-0002-8763-7404 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 7 BP 706 EP 713 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 241EV UT WOS:000082870500006 PM 10512424 ER PT J AU Naficy, AB Abu-Elyazeed, R Holmes, JL Rao, MR Savarino, SJ Kim, Y Wierzba, TF Peruski, L Lee, YJ Gentsch, JR Glass, RI Clemens, JD AF Naficy, AB Abu-Elyazeed, R Holmes, JL Rao, MR Savarino, SJ Kim, Y Wierzba, TF Peruski, L Lee, YJ Gentsch, JR Glass, RI Clemens, JD TI Epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in Egyptian children and implications for disease control SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast feeding; child; cohort studies; diarrhea; immunization; rotavirus ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EFFICACY; VACCINE; INFANTS; ENTEROPATHOGENS; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOGENICITY AB Reliable epidemiologic data are essential for formulating effective policy to control rotavirus disease through immunization. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in a population-based cohort of children under 3 years of age residing in Abu Homos, Egypt, in 1995-1996. Rotavirus diarrhea incidence rates (episodes per person-year) were 0.13 for infants aged <6 months, 0.61 for those aged 6-11 months, 0.17 for those aged 12-23 months, and 0.15 for those aged 24-35 months. Fifty-six percent of children with rotavirus diarrhea had clinical dehydration; 90% of rotavirus diarrheal episodes occurred between July and November. In infants under I year of age, receipt of breast milk was associated with a lower incidence of rotavirus diarrhea. No other sociodemographic or environmental factor was found to be significantly associated with rotavirus diarrhea. Of 46 rotavirus isolates with strains identified, 41 (89%) were G serotypes 1 and 2. Rotavirus diarrhea was a major cause of morbidity in this cohort. Promotion of breastfeeding may exert a protective effect in young infants in this setting, but improvements in water and sanitation are unlikely to be effective preventive measures. The use of effective immunization against rotavirus in early infancy should be considered a public health priority. C1 NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. US Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NICHHD, Biometry & Math Stat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Naficy, AB (reprint author), NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room7B03, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-0026-01] NR 29 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 7 BP 770 EP 777 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 241EV UT WOS:000082870500013 PM 10512431 ER PT J AU Landi, MT Grassman, J Masten, S Bell, D Consonni, D Mocarelli, P Lucier, G Needham, L Bertazzi, PA Caporaso, NE AF Landi, MT Grassman, J Masten, S Bell, D Consonni, D Mocarelli, P Lucier, G Needham, L Bertazzi, PA Caporaso, NE TI Dioxin-related gene expression and activity in Seveso. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; masten, scott/R-1403-2016 OI masten, scott/0000-0002-7847-181X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 52 BP A11 EP A11 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879800051 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Yang, QH Friedman, JM AF Rasmussen, SA Yang, QH Friedman, JM TI Mortality associated with neurofibromatosis 1 in the United States from 1983 to 1995: an analysis using data from death certificates. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 259 BP A49 EP A49 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879800260 ER PT J AU Sun, FZ Flanders, WD Yang, QH Zhao, HY Khoury, MJ AF Sun, FZ Flanders, WD Yang, QH Zhao, HY Khoury, MJ TI Testing for gene-environment interaction using affected sib-pairs. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. RI Sun, Fengzhu /G-4373-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 73 BP A15 EP A15 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879800075 ER PT J AU Wang, S Fridinger, F Sheedy, KA Linnan, H Khoury, MJ AF Wang, S Fridinger, F Sheedy, KA Linnan, H Khoury, MJ TI Public attitudes regarding the donation and storage of blood specimens for genetic research. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 2327 BP A411 EP A411 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879802329 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Coughlin, SS Sun, FZ Flanders, WD AF Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Coughlin, SS Sun, FZ Flanders, WD TI On the use of population-based registries in the clinical validation of genetic testing for disease susceptibilities. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Pediat Genet, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Sun, Fengzhu /G-4373-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 472 BP A90 EP A90 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879800473 ER PT J AU Roscoe, RJ Gittleman, JL Deddens, JA Petersen, MR Halperin, WE AF Roscoe, RJ Gittleman, JL Deddens, JA Petersen, MR Halperin, WE TI Blood lead levels among children of lead-exposed workers: A meta-analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE take-home toxins; take-home lead; children; paraoccupational exposure; parents occupational lead exposure; meta-analysis; children's blood lead screening ID CONSTRUCTION WORKERS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; US POPULATION; NHANES AB Background To further assess the utility of targeted blood lead screening for children from households with members having occupational lead exposures, we conducted a meta-analysis of all available reports of take-home lead exposures. Our objective was to estimate the blood lead levels among U.S children (ages 1-5) from households with lead-exposed workers. Methods Reports considered for inclusion were cited in Medline, Toxline, Excerpta Medica, and Bio-Med plus all unpublished reports available at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health through 1994. The a priori criteria for inclusion of U.S. reports required their having data on: (1) venous blood lead level for children, (2) children's ages, (3) data for at least five children, (4) workers' occupations (5) workers' blood lead levels, and (6) data collection methods. Results Based on a meta-analysis of 10 reports from 1987 through 1994, the children (n = 139) of lead-exposed workers (n = 222) had a geometric mean blood lead level of 9.3 mu g/dL compared to a U.S. population geometric mean of 3.6 mu g/dL (P = 0.0006). Also in this group, 52% of the children had blood lead levels (BLLs) greater than or equal to 10 mu g/dL compared to 8.9% in the U.S. (P = .0010), and 21% of the children had BLLs greater than or equal to 20 mu g/dL compared to 1.1% in the U.S. (P = .0258). Conclusions: We estimate, based on 1981-83 survey data, that there are about 48,000 families with children under six living with household members occupationally exposed to lead. If the findings from this meta-analysis (admittedly limited by small numbers) are generalizable, about half of the young children in these families may have BLLs greater than or equal to 10 mu g/dL. Data were too sparse to determine if children of workers with elevated blood leads were at greater risk than children whose parents were only known to be lead exposed. Our findings support the position that children of lead-exposed workers should be targeted for blood lead screening. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:475-481, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Roscoe, RJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, R-21,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 475 EP 481 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199910)36:4<475::AID-AJIM9>3.0.CO;2-O PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 232DF UT WOS:000082349900009 PM 10470013 ER PT J AU Lando, JF Heck, KE Brett, KM AF Lando, JF Heck, KE Brett, KM TI Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk in a nationally representative cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE breast neoplasms; postmenopause; hormone replacement therapy; cancer; risk; estrogen replacement therapy (postmenopausal) ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MENOPAUSAL ESTROGEN; METAANALYSIS AB Background: The relative risk of br-east cancer associated with the use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) continues to be debated. We used a nationally representative cohort to study the issue. Methods: This analysis utilized data from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Subjects were interviewed in 1971 through 1974 and four waves of follow-up interviews were conducted through 1992. Survival analysis of 5761 postmenopausal women provided estimates of the relative risk of breast cancer in users of HRT when compared with non-users, controlling for potential confounders. Results: There were 219 incident cases of breast cancer in 73,253 person-years of follow-up. The incidence rate was 326 per 100,000 person-years in women who had never used HRT and 255 per 100,000 in women who had ever used HRT. There was no statistically significant association between the HRT use and subsequent development of breast cancer: relative risk (RR) = 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.6, 1.1. There was no trend in RR by length of HRT use: less than 3 years HRT use, RR = 0.9; 3 to 9 years, RR = 0.5; 10 or more years, RR = 0.8. Conclusions: This study, based on a nationally representative cohort followed for up to 22 years, failed to find an increased risk of breast cancer associated with the use of HRT. It provides further evidence that if there is an increased risk of breast cancer associated with HRT use, this risk is small. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat,Prevent Med Residency, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat,Prevent Med Residency, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lando, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat,Prevent Med Residency, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 17 IS 3 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00078-1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 237UT UT WOS:000082675000003 PM 10987632 ER PT J AU Fischer, ID Brown, DR Blanton, CJ Casper, ML Croft, JB Brownson, RC AF Fischer, ID Brown, DR Blanton, CJ Casper, ML Croft, JB Brownson, RC TI Physical activity patterns of Chippewa and Menominee Indians - The Inter-Tribal Heart Project SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE exercise; Indians; North American ID DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; POPULATION; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; EXERCISE; HEALTH; WOMEN; PACE AB Introduction: Leisure-time (LTPA), occupational, transportation, and household physical activity were evaluated among participants in the Inter-Tribal Heart Project (ITHP). Methods: Age-stratified random samples of persons aged greater than or equal to 25 years were drawn from three communities of Chippewa and Menominee Indians in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Participants (843 women and 501 men) completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess age-adjusted associations between no reported LTPA and potential correlates. Results: During leisure time, 12% of women and 17% of men were active 7-12 months in the past year; 33% of women and 21% of men reported no :LTPA. During a typical workday for employed persons, approximately 90% of both genders walked greater than or equal to 20 minutes, for carrying/ lifting moderate to heavy objects the median value for men was 1 hour and women 0 hours. The median value of weekly household activity for men was 3 hours compared to 10 hours for women. Little transportation activity was reported by either gender. Age, household income, smoking, and poor/fair self-perceived health were associated with leisure-time inactivity in women (p < 0.05). Age, poor/fair self-perceived health, and smoking were associated with leisure-time inactivity in men (p < 0.05). Walking was the most prevalent activity in the population. Conclusions: Prevalence of leisure-time inactivity is higher than die national health objective of 15%, however, ITHP participants obtain a substantial amount of occupational and household activity that may lower risks of chronic diseases. Health promotion efforts to increase LTPA may lead not only to reduced chronic disease risk, but to additional benefits of enjoyment and improved psychological well-being. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Brown, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU PHS HHS [U36-CCU300430] NR 35 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 17 IS 3 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00073-2 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 237UT UT WOS:000082675000005 PM 10987634 ER PT J AU Macke, BA Maher, JE AF Macke, BA Maher, JE TI Partner notification in the United States - An evidence-based review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE contact tracing; sexually transmitted diseases; HIV; syphilis; gonorrhea; chlamydia; review ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; FIELD FOLLOW-UP; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; HIV PREVENTION; SEXUAL ETHICS; SYPHILIS; DISEASE; INTERVENTION AB Introduction: To conduct an evidence-based review of the literature on the effectiveness of partner notification strategies for syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States. Methods: Systematic literature searches of available databases yielded 212 English language articles on partner notification, 13 of which met the inclusion criteria. These 13 at-tides were systematically reviewed, abstracted, and rated for quality of study methods, analysis, and generalizability. Results: Partner notification carl newly detect HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases among partners. Of the six high-quality studies, the highest numbers of infections per infected person, 0.23 and 0.24, were detected by provider referral while the lowest number of infections per infected person, 0.03, was detected by self referral. None of the 13 studies examined the consequences of partner notification, such as infections or health consequences averted or changes in behavior and partnerships for infected persons or their partners. Conclusions: There is good evidence that partner notification is a means of newly detecting infections. In addition, there is fair evidence that provider referral generally ensures that more partners are notified and medically evaluated than does self referral. More research is needed to improve elicitation and notification procedures and tailor them to specific populations, to assess the effect of new testing technologies on partner notification, and to understand the consequences of partner notification for infected persons and their partners. C1 CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Macke, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHAPSE, PSRB, Prevent Studies Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 50 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 17 IS 3 BP 230 EP 242 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00076-8 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 237UT UT WOS:000082675000010 PM 10987639 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Tao, GY Anderson, LA AF Zhang, P Tao, GY Anderson, LA TI Prevalence of and factors associated with hormone replacement therapy counseling: Results from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; AMERICAN WOMEN; HEART-DISEASE; PREVENTION; DECISIONS; SERVICES; BELIEFS; RATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, 331D Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1999 VL 89 IS 10 BP 1575 EP 1577 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.10.1575 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 239DC UT WOS:000082752700022 PM 10511844 ER PT J AU Bruce, MC Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW Snounou, G Day, KP AF Bruce, MC Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW Snounou, G Day, KP TI Polymorphism at the merozoite surface protein-3 alpha locus of Plasmodium vivax: Global and local diversity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; MALARIA PARASITE POPULATIONS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; FALCIPARUM; AREA; ANTIGENS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Allelic diversity at the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-3 alpha (PvMsp-3 alpha) locus was investigated using a combined polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) protocol. Symptomatic patient isolates from global geographic origins showed a high level of polymorphism at the nucleotide level. These samples were used to validate the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the PCR/RFLP method. It was then used to investigate PvMsp3 alpha diversity in held samples from children living in a single village in a malaria-endemic region of Papua New Guinea, with the aim of assessing the usefulness of this locus as an epidemiologic marker of P. vivax infections. Eleven PvMsp-3 alpha alleles were distinguishable in 16 samples with single infections, revealing extensive parasite polymorphism within this restricted area. Multiple infections were easily detected and accounted for 5 (23%) of 22 positive samples. Pairs of samples from individual children provided preliminary evidence for high turnover of P. vivax populations. C1 Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Epidemiol Infect Dis, Oxford OX1 3FY, England. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Vaccine Ctr,Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biol & Diag Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Northwick Pk Hosp, Imperial Coll,Sch Med, Wellcome Ctr Clin Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Med,Lister Unit, Harrow HA1 3UJ, Middx, England. RP Bruce, MC (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Epidemiol Infect Dis, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3FY, England. RI Snounou, Georges/F-3352-2011; Day, Karen/F-3697-2015 OI Snounou, Georges/0000-0002-6133-6398; Day, Karen/0000-0002-6115-6135 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-24710-12, U01-AI37545]; Wellcome Trust NR 41 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 61 IS 4 BP 518 EP 525 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 250FA UT WOS:000083377300002 PM 10548283 ER PT J AU Dechant, EJ Rigau-Perez, JG AF Dechant, EJ Rigau-Perez, JG CA Puerto Rico Assoc Epidemiologists TI Hospitalizations for suspected dengue in Puerto Rico, 1991-1995: Estimation by capture-recapture methods SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SHOCK SYNDROME; EPIDEMIOLOGY; LIMITATIONS AB Capture-recapture estimations compare the results of 2 or more independent surveillance systems for the same event, and by measuring the degree of overlap between them, provide an estimate of the total number of events, and therefore the completeness of ascertainment in each system. The Puerto Rico Department of Health and the Dengue Branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) monitor dengue activity in Puerto Rico through 2 distinct surveillance systems: diagnostic specimens From patients with suspected dengue and infection control nurses' reports on patients hospitalized for suspected dengue. The patient listings from these systems were used in a 2-sample, capture-recapture calculation to estimate the total number of persons with suspected dengue hospitalized from 1991 to 1995. The laboratory positivity rate for suspected dengue cases who submitted appropriately timed serum samples in those years ranged from 72.1% to 81.2%. The laboratory-based (diagnostic sample) surveillance system (routinely used to monitor hospitalizations for suspected dengue) detected an average of 1,197 hospitalized cases during non-epidemic years, and 4,329 cases during;the epidemic year of 1994. The detection rate of this system averaged 42% of the numbers derived by the capture-recapture method. In non-epidemic years, an estimated average of 2,791 patients (range = 1,553-3,481) was estimated to have been hospitalized with a clinical diagnosis of dengue, compared with 9,479 during 1994. These results demonstrate the under-detection inherent in passive surveillance systems for hospitalized cases of suspected dengue, and illustrate the value of capture-recapture techniques to better estimate the true incidence of hospitalizations for this disease. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Dechant, EJ (reprint author), Cambridge Hlth Alliance, Cent St Hlth Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 26 Cent St, Somerville, MA 02143 USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 61 IS 4 BP 574 EP 578 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 250FA UT WOS:000083377300010 PM 10548291 ER PT J AU de Mattos, CC de Mattos, CA Loza-Rubio, E Aguilar-Setien, A Orciari, LA Smith, JS AF de Mattos, CC de Mattos, CA Loza-Rubio, E Aguilar-Setien, A Orciari, LA Smith, JS TI Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolates from Mexico: Implications for transmission dynamics and human risk SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VENEZUELA; SEQUENCE AB Twenty-eight samples from humans and domestic and wild animals collected in Mexico between 1990 and 1995 were characterized by using anti-nucleoprotein monoclonal antibodies and limited sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein gene. The variants of rabies viruses identified in these samples were compared with other isolates from Mexico and the rest of the Americas to establish epidemiologic links between cases and outbreaks and to increase the understanding of rabies epidemiology in the Western Hemisphere. Antigenic and genetic diversity was found in all samples from dogs and dog-related cases, suggesting a long-term endemic situation with multiple, independent cycles of virus transmission. Two isolates from bobcats were antigenically and genetically homologous to the rabies variant circulating in the Arizona gray fox population, indicating a wider distribution of this variant than previously reported. Rabies isolates from skunks were unrelated to any variant analyzed in this study and represent a previously unrecognized cycle of rabies transmission in skunks in Baja California Sur. Two antigenic and genetic variants cocirculating in southern and eastern Mexico were found in viruses obtained from cases epidemiologically related to vampire bats. These results serve as a baseline for the better understanding of the molecular epidemiology of rabies in Mexico. C1 Ctr Nacl Invest Disciplinarias Microbiol, Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, Secretaria Agr Ganaderia & Desarrollo Rural, Mexico City 11001, DF, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Unidad Invest Med Inmunol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP de Mattos, CC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-33,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 61 IS 4 BP 587 EP 597 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 250FA UT WOS:000083377300012 PM 10548293 ER PT J AU Savage, HM Ceianu, C Nicolescu, G Karabatsos, N Lanciotti, R Vladimirescu, A Laiv, L Ungureanu, A Romanca, C Tsai, TF AF Savage, HM Ceianu, C Nicolescu, G Karabatsos, N Lanciotti, R Vladimirescu, A Laiv, L Ungureanu, A Romanca, C Tsai, TF TI Entomologic and avian investigations of an epidemic of West Nile fever in Romania in 1996, with serologic and molecular characterization of a virus isolate from mosquitoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DNA-SEQUENCES; PROTEINS; FLAVIVIRUS; PHYLOGENY; GENOME; TREES; GENE AB Between July and October 1996, a West Nile (WN) fever epidemic occurred in the southern plain and Danube Valley of Romania and in the capital city of Bucharest, resulting in hundreds of neurologic cases and 17 fatalities. In early October 1996, entomologic and avian investigations of the epidemic were conducted in the city of Bucharest and nearby rural areas. Thirty (41%) of 73 domestic fowl sampled had neutralizing antibody to WN virus, including 5 of 13 ducks (38%), 1 of I goose, 19 of 52 chickens (37%), 1 of 1 peahen, and 4 of 6 turkeys (67%). Seroprevalence in domestic fowl (27%, or 7 of 26) from the urban Bucharest site was not significantly different (P = 0.08, by Fisher's exact test) than rates at three rural sites (50%, or 23 of 46). Serum collected from one of 12 Passeriformes, an Erithacus rubecula, was positive for neutralizing antibody to WN virus. A total of 5,577 mosquitoes representing seven taxa were collected. Culex pipiens pipiens accounted for 96% of the mosquitoes collected. A single virus isolate, RO97-50, was obtained from a pool of 30 Cx. p. pipiens females aspirated from the walls and ceiling of a blockhouse located near the center of Bucharest, resulting in a minimum infection rate of 0.19 per 1,000. Antisera prepared against RO97-50 failed to distinguish among RO97-50, WN virus strain Eg101, and Kunjin (KUN) virus strain MRM16. A 2,323-basepair DNA fragment of the envelope (E) glycoprotein gene from RO97-50 and a Romanian WN virus strain obtained from a human cerebrospinal fluid sample, RO96-1030, were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of 23 WN virus strains and one KUN virus strain using the amino acid and nucleotide sequences for a small portion of the E gene suggest the existence of two large lineages of viruses. Bootstrap analysis of the nucleotide alignment-indicated strong support (95%) for a lineage composed of WN virus strains from northern Africa, including isolates from Egypt and Algeria, and west, central, and east Africa, all of the European isolates, those from France and Romania, an Israeli isolate, and an isolate of KUN virus from Australia. The nucleotide sequence of RO97-50 was identical to the sequence of a WN virus isolate obtained from Cx. neavei mosquitoes from Senegal and Cx. univittatus mosquitoes from Kenya. The phylogenetic analyses were compatible with the introduction of virus into Romania by birds migrating from sub-Saharan Africa, to northern Africa, and into southern Europe. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Cantacuzino Inst, Dept Entomol, Bucharest 70100, Romania. Romanian Ornithol Ctr, Bucharest 71592, Romania. Army Ctr Med Res, Bucharest, Romania. Bucharest Prevent Med Ctr, Bucharest, Romania. RP Savage, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 40 TC 180 Z9 191 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 61 IS 4 BP 600 EP 611 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 250FA UT WOS:000083377300014 PM 10548295 ER PT J AU Benedict, MQ McNitt, LM Cornel, AJ Collins, FH AF Benedict, MQ McNitt, LM Cornel, AJ Collins, FH TI A new marker, black, a useful recombination suppressor, in(2)2, and a balanced lethal for chromosome 2 of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED GENETIC-MAP; POLYTENE CHROMOSOMES; MALARIA VECTOR; COMPLEX; LOCI AB A new marker for the second chromosome of Anopheles gambiae, black, was isolated from progeny of Co-60-irradiated mosquitoes. The black mutation increases melanization of larval setae and portions of the cuticle that are heavily sclerotized such as the saddle and head capsule. Adults have a sooty color that almost completely eliminates white banding on wings, tarsi, and palps. Fertility and general vigor of black individuals is reduced relative to wild-type; however, this does not prevent routine use for genetic crossing. The black marker was mapped to an interval on chromosome 2 between collarless and Dieldrin resistance 22 centiMorgans (cM) from collarless and 39 cM from Dieldrin resistance. We also isolated from Co-60-irradiated mosquitoes a pericentric inversion, In(2)2, that was marked with dominant alleles of the independently assorting genes collarless and Dieldrin resistance. This inversion is in coupling with the pericentric inversion 2Rd and covers approximately two-thirds of chromosome 2 from divisions 9 to 22. While inbreeding ln(2)2 heterozygotes, we isolated a stock in which the inversion was in repulsion to a chromosome marked with c b Dl(S) and an unidentified recessive lethal. This arrangement produced a useful and stable chromosome 2 balancer system that has remained intact for 26 generations without selection. These genetic tools will reduce the effort requires to isolate, among other things, the genetic factors affecting malaria parasite interactions with the mosquito host. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Parlier, Mosquito Control Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Benedict, MQ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 61 IS 4 BP 618 EP 624 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 250FA UT WOS:000083377300016 PM 10548297 ER PT J AU O'Callaghan, JP Imai, H Miller, DB Minter, A AF O'Callaghan, JP Imai, H Miller, DB Minter, A TI Quantitative immunoblots of proteins resolved from brain homogenates: Underestimation of specific protein concentration and of treatment effects SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; ELECTROPHORETIC TRANSFER; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; NITROCELLULOSE AB Estimation of the concentration of a specific protein in a biological sample often is obtained by analysis of immunoblots. We used this technique to estimate the concentration of three proteins present in homogenates of brain: glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myelin basic protein (MBP), and synapsin I. Homogenates prepared from rat brains known to contain more than B-fold increases in GFAP, based on a GFAP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), showed only small relative increases in this protein when the same samples were subjected to immunoblot analysis with polyclonal or monoclonal anti-GFAP; quantification was based on PhosphorImager analysis of [(125)I] protein A bound to the antibodies. Estimates of GFAP in the GFAP-enriched samples approached the expected 6-fold increase when the total protein load per gel lane was reduced from 30 to 1 mu g. Pure GFAP run as standard was not affected by 10-fold increases in protein load, but spiking brain homogenates with pure GFAP "quenched" the values obtained for the standard run alone. Examination of the quenching potential of pure brain tubulin, a protein that nearly comigrates with GFAP on SDS gels, showed that it may be one component of brain homogenates that contributes to masking of immunodetection of GFAP. The effect of total brain homogenate proteins on the signal obtained for a specific protein was not limited to GFAP; similar effects were observed for MBP and synapsin I. The data indicate that estimates of the concentration of a specific protein, whether as a function of its relative amount in a given protein mixture or its relative amount in one mixture compared to another, are influenced by other homogenate proteins present in the mixture. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 274 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1006/abio.1999.4260 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 243XG UT WOS:000083022300003 PM 10527492 ER PT J AU Trepka, MJ Beyer, TO Proctor, ME Davis, JP AF Trepka, MJ Beyer, TO Proctor, ME Davis, JP TI An evaluation of the completeness of tuberculosis case reporting using hospital billing and laboratory data; Wisconsin, 1995 SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE communicable disease control; disease notification; hospital records; medical records; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; population surveillance; tuberculosis ID UNITED-STATES; CARE AB PURPOSE: The study assesses the completeness of tuberculosis disease (TB) reporting in Wisconsin and evaluates the usefulness of laboratory and hospital discharge data as supplemental case ascertainment sources. METHODS: All 1995 hospital billing records with a discharge diagnosis code of TB (ICD-9 CM 010-018) were retrieved and matched to Wisconsin TB registry records. A hospital discharge summary was obtained for persons not in the registry to verify the TB diagnosis. A list of persons with specimens from which Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in 1995 was requested from all Wisconsin and pertinent out-of-state laboratories and compared with the TB registry. RESULTS: Of the 88 TB cases identified from laboratory lists, one (1.1%) was unreported. Of the 51 TB cases identified from hospital discharge records, one (2.0%) was unreported. The positive predictive values of laboratory and hospital discharge data for a verified TB case were 98.9% and 38.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In Wisconsin during 1995, nearly all TB cases among hospitalized persons or persons from whom M. tuberculosis was isolated were reported. Most persons having a TB diagnosis code did not have TB. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Bur Publ Hlth, Wisconsin Div Hlth, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, State Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, JP (reprint author), Bur Publ Hlth, Wisconsin Div Hlth, 1414 E Washington Ave,Room 241, Madison, WI 53703 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 9 IS 7 BP 419 EP 423 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(99)00011-3 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 239CZ UT WOS:000082752400005 PM 10501409 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Xiao, LH Lal, AA AF Sulaiman, IM Xiao, LH Lal, AA TI Evaluation of Cryptosporidium parvum genotyping techniques SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; DNA-SEQUENCES; OOCYSTS; RESTRICTION; WATER; GENE; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION AB We evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of 11 previously described species differentiation and genotyping PCR protocols for detection of Cryptosporidium parasites. Genomic DNA from three species of Cryptosporidircm parasites (genotype 1 and genotype 2 of C. parvum, C. muris, and C. serpentis), two Eimeria species (E. neischulzi and E. papillata), and Giardia duodenalis were used to evaluate the specificity of primers. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the genotyping primers was tested by using genomic DNA isolated from known numbers of oocysts obtained from a genotype 2 C. parvum isolate. PCR amplification was repeated at least three times with all of the primer pairs. Of the 11 protocols studied, 10 amplified C. parvum genotypes 1 and 2, and the expected fragment sizes were obtained. Our results indicate that two species-differentiating protocols are not Cryptosporidium specific, as the primers used in these protocols also amplified the DNA of Eimeria species. The sensitivity studies revealed that two nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) protocols based on the small-subunit rRNA and dihydrofolate reductase genes are more sensitive than single-round PCR or PCR-RFLP protocols. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU PHS HHS [DW 75937984-01-1] NR 32 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 10 BP 4431 EP 4435 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 242UB UT WOS:000082959100021 PM 10508071 ER PT J AU Martin, RM Huang, AJ Adel, HN Larsen, CM Daleo, CE Landrigan, MM Martinez, H Wallace, BJ Maffei, J Smith, PF AF Martin, RM Huang, AJ Adel, HN Larsen, CM Daleo, CE Landrigan, MM Martinez, H Wallace, BJ Maffei, J Smith, PF TI Rubella outbreak - Westchester County, New York, 1997-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 560-563, 1999) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint C1 Westchester Cty Dept Hlth, White Plains, NY 10601 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. CDC, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Community Outreach & Planning Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Martin, RM (reprint author), Westchester Cty Dept Hlth, White Plains, NY 10601 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 135 IS 10 BP 1284 EP 1285 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 244DK UT WOS:000083036400029 ER PT J AU Bull, F AF Bull, F TI Physical activity and health: a report of the Surgeon General SO AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Book Review C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bull, F (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RI Bull, Fiona/G-4148-2012 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC AUSTRALIA INC PI CURTIN PA PO BOX 319, CURTIN, ACT 2600, AUSTRALIA SN 1326-0200 J9 AUST NZ J PUBL HEAL JI Aust. N. Z. Publ. Health PD OCT PY 1999 VL 23 IS 5 BP 557 EP 558 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 248JN UT WOS:000083271500027 ER PT J AU Bowman, JD Thomas, DC Jiang, LZ Jiang, F Peters, JM AF Bowman, JD Thomas, DC Jiang, LZ Jiang, F Peters, JM TI Residential magnetic fields predicted from wiring configurations: I. Exposure model SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE ELF magnetic fields; wire codes; childhood leukemia ID CHILDHOOD-CANCER; LEUKEMIA AB A physically based model for residential magnetic fields from electric transmission and distribution wiring was developed to reanalyze the Los Angeles study of childhood leukemia by London et al. For this exposure model, magnetic field measurements were fitted to a function of wire configuration attributes that was derived from a multipole expansion of the Law of Biot and Savart. The model parameters were determined by nonlinear regression techniques, using wiring data, distances, and the geometric mean of the ELF magnetic field magnitude from 24-h bedroom measurements taken at 288 homes during the epidemiologic study. The best fit to the measurement data was obtained with separate models for the two major utilities serving Los Angeles County. This model's predictions produced a correlation of 0.40 with the measured fields, an improvement on the 0.27 correlation obtained with the Wertheimer-Leeper (WL) wire code. For the leukemia risk analysis in a companion paper, the regression model predicts exposures to the 24-h geometric mean of the ELF magnetic fields in Los Angeles homes where only wiring data and distances have been obtained. Since these input parameters for the exposure model usually do not change for many years, the predicted magnetic fields will be stable over long time periods, just like the WL code, if the geometric mean is not the exposure metric associated with cancer, this regression technique could be used to estimate long-term exposures to temporal variability metrics and other characteristics of the ELF magnetic field which may be cancer risk factors. Bioelectromagnetics 20:399-413, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45266 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Bowman, JD (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Colombia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45266 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD OCT PY 1999 VL 20 IS 7 BP 399 EP 413 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(199910)20:7<399::AID-BEM1>3.0.CO;2-G PG 15 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 239UM UT WOS:000082788100001 PM 10495305 ER PT J AU Thomas, DC Bowman, JD Jiang, LZ Jiang, F Peters, JM AF Thomas, DC Bowman, JD Jiang, LZ Jiang, F Peters, JM TI Residential magnetic fields predicted from wiring configurations: II. Relationships to childhood leukemia SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE ELF magnetic fields; wire codes; childhood leukemia; measurement errors ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; POWER-LINES; WIRE CODES; CANCER; EXPOSURE; RISK; CHILDREN; EVOLUTION; TUMORS AB Case-control data on childhood leukemia in Los Angeles County were reanalyzed with residential magnetic fields predicted from the wiring configurations of nearby transmission and distribution lines. As described in a companion paper, the 24-h means of the magnetic field's magnitude in subjects' homes were predicted by a physically based regression model that had been fitted to 24-h measurements and wiring data. In addition, magnetic field exposures were adjusted for the most likely form of exposure assessment errors: classic errors for the 24-h measurements and Berkson errors for the predictions from wire configurations. Although the measured fields had no association with childhood leukemia (P for trend = .88), the risks were significant for predicted magnetic fields above 1.25 mG (odds ratio = 2.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-3.89), and a significant dose response was seen (P for trend = .02). When exposures were determined by a combination of predictions and measurements that corrects for errors, the odds ratio (odd ratio = 2.19, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-4.31) and the trend (p = .007) showed somewhat greater significance. These findings support the hypothesis that magnetic fields from electrical lines are causally related to childhood leukemia but that this association has been inconsistent among epidemiologic studies due to different types of exposure assessment error. In these data, the leukemia risks from a child's residential magnetic field exposure appears to be better assessed by wire configurations than by 24-h area measurements. However, the predicted fields only partially account for the effect of the Wertheimer-Leeper wire code in a multivariate analysis and do not completely explain why these wire codes have been so often associated with childhood leukemia. The most plausible explanation for our findings is that the causal factor is another magnetic field exposure metric correlated to both wire code and the field's time-averaged magnitude. Bioelectromagnetics 20:414-422, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45266 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Bowman, JD (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45266 USA. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD OCT PY 1999 VL 20 IS 7 BP 414 EP 422 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(199910)20:7<414::AID-BEM2>3.0.CO;2-X PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 239UM UT WOS:000082788100002 PM 10495306 ER PT J AU Cooper, GS Schildkraut, JM Whittemore, AS Marchbanks, PA AF Cooper, GS Schildkraut, JM Whittemore, AS Marchbanks, PA TI Pregnancy recency and risk of ovarian cancer SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; ovarian cancer; pregnancy; risk factors ID STATES CASE-CONTROL; COLLABORATIVE ANALYSIS; REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS; INCESSANT OVULATION; APOPTOSIS; DETERMINANTS; PATHOGENESIS; COLON; MICE AB Objective: A recent analysis suggested that ovarian cancer risk increased with time since last birth, possibly because of some aspect of pregnancy that affects the clearance of cells that have undergone malignant transformation. We analyzed data from four case-control studies pertaining to ovarian cancer risk in relation to age at first pregnancy, age at last pregnancy, and years since last pregnancy: 628 cases and 3432 neighborhood or population controls, ages 18-79, were included. Methods: We used logistic regression to analyze associations between ovarian cancer risk, controlling for study, age (at diagnosis or corresponding reference age for controls), race, parity, oral contraceptive use, tubal ligation, family history of ovarian or breast cancer, and excluding women with a history of infertility. Results: An early age at first pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer (odds ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval (1.1-1.8) for ages less than or equal to 19 compared to greater than or equal to 25). Years since last pregnancy was also associated with increased ovarian cancer risk, with odds ratios of 1.4, 1.4, 1.8, and 2.1 for 10-14, 15-19, 20-24, and greater than or equal to 25 years compared to 0-9 years (trend test p = 0.004), respectively. Conclusion: These observations support the results from the previous study, and raise additional questions about the role of pregnancy in the etiology of ovarian cancer. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Community & Family Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cooper, GS (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD OCT PY 1999 VL 10 IS 5 BP 397 EP 402 DI 10.1023/A:1008960520316 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 237VE UT WOS:000082676100010 PM 10530609 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Lally, C Austin, H Benson, J Dilley, A Wenger, NK Whitsett, C Rawlins, P Evatt, BL AF Hooper, WC Lally, C Austin, H Benson, J Dilley, A Wenger, NK Whitsett, C Rawlins, P Evatt, BL TI The relationship between polymorphisms in the endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase gene and the platelet GPIIIa gene with myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolism in African Americans SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE African Americans; endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase; glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor; myocardial infarction; venous thrombosis ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; GLYCOPROTEIN IIIA; VASCULAR-DISEASE; THROMBOSIS; ASSOCIATION; MECHANISMS; RISK; PATHOGENESIS; PREVALENCE; FIBRINOGEN AB Study objectives: To determine whether the polymorphic dinucleotide repeats found in intron 4 of the endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) gene and the platelet GPIIIa PLA(1)/A(2) polymorphism are associated with myocardial infarction (MI) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in African Americans. Because these two genes may interact physiologically, the third objective was to determine if there was a relationship between the polymorphisms with respect to MI and VTE, Design: A hospital-based case-control study. After informed consent was obtained, blood used for DNA extraction was drawn from the subjects. Setting: The study was conducted in the Anticoagulant: Clinic and the Cardiology Clinic at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta Georgia. Patients: Subjects were recruited from African-American patients with a reported history of MI (n = 110) or VTE (n = 91). Control subjects (n = 185) without a history of cardiovascular or venous disease were recruited from an outpatient clinic. Measurements aid results: The 393 ecNOS allele was more common among MI cases (36%; p = 0.01) and VTE cases (35%; p = 0.04) than among control subjects (26%). There was no association between the GPIIIa genotypes and either MI or VTE. However, among the MI subjects, there was a strong association between the ecNOS 393/393 genotype and the PIA2 allele. It was also found that the frequency of the 393 allele was higher in African-American persons (0.26) compared with what has been reported for Australian Caucasians (0.14) and Japanese (0.10). Conclusions: The 393 allele but, not the PIA2 allele was significantly associated with both MI and VTE in African Americans. Homozygosity for the 393 allele was significantly associated to the diagnosis of MI prior to the age of 45. The combination of the 393 allele and a PIA2 allele was also highly associated with MI. The frequency of the 393 allele was significantly higher in African Americans than what has been reported for other populations. This study furthers not only extends the association of the 393 allele to VTE but has demonstrated an interaction with the PIA2 allele with respect to MI. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30335 USA. Emory Univ, Crawford Long Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30365 USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop D02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 81 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 1999 VL 116 IS 4 BP 880 EP 886 DI 10.1378/chest.116.4.880 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 246TB UT WOS:000083179700010 PM 10531147 ER PT J AU Kimberly, MM Leary, ET Cole, TG Waymack, PP AF Kimberly, MM Leary, ET Cole, TG Waymack, PP CA Cholesterol Reference Method Lab Network TI Selection, validation, standardization, and performance of a designated comparison method for HDL-cholesterol for use in the cholesterol reference method laboratory network SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PROGRAM; ASSAY AB Background: Accurate and precise HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) measurements are essential for effective application of National Cholesterol Education Program treatment guidelines, The Cholesterol Reference Method Laboratory Network (CRMLN) assists manufacturers of in vitro diagnostic products to establish traceability to the accuracy base. CRMLN sought to implement a designated comparison method (DCM) that overcomes the impracticalities of the expensive and labor-intensive reference method for HDL-C. Methods: CRMLN evaluated candidate DCMs and selected one that uses 50-kDa dextran sulfate with magnesium ions as the precipitation reagent followed by measurement of cholesterol by the CDC reference method. After validating the method, we transferred it to all CRMLN laboratories and successfully standardized it using CDC frozen serum reference materials. CRMLN laboratories participate in monthly performance evaluations. Results: CRMLN laboratories were able to meet a precision goal, as indicated by SD, of less than or equal to 0.03 mmol/L (1 mg/dL) 94.4% of the time. They were able to meet a bias goal of less than or equal to 0.05 mmol/L (2 mg/dL) for HDL-C <1.09 mmol/L (42 mg/dL) 97.3% of the time and a goal of less than or equal to 3% for HDL-C greater than or equal to 1.09 mmol/L (42 mg/dL) 95.6% of the time. CRMLN is working to further improve its performance by implementing a bias criterion of 0.03 mmol/L (1 mg/dL) for all HDL-C concentrations. Conclusions: CRMLN selected, validated, standardized, and implemented a DCM for HDL-C that is accurate, robust, transferable, and practical. The DCM is being used to assist manufacturers in calibrating their products so that ultimately, clinical laboratories using the products will more accurately measure HDL-C. (C) 1999 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Pacific Biometr Res Fdn, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Core Lab Clin Studies, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Kimberly, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F25,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1803 EP 1812 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 244EE UT WOS:000083038200015 PM 10508128 ER PT J AU Moro, PL Gilman, RH Verastegui, M Bern, C Silva, B Bonilla, JJ AF Moro, PL Gilman, RH Verastegui, M Bern, C Silva, B Bonilla, JJ TI Human hydatidosis in the central Andes of Peru: Evolution of the disease over 3 years SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CYSTICERCOSIS; POPULATION; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGEN; SERUM; CYSTS AB To document the natural history of Echinococcus granulosus infection and response to treatment of human hydatidosis, we reexamined 28 of 37 subjects with E. granulosus infection diagnosed in an epidemiological study conducted in 1994, Twenty-six (70%) of those 37 subjects underwent abdominal ultrasonography, chest radiography, and enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay in 1997, Medical records from two additional individuals were reviewed, Eight patients had their cysts surgically removed during the 3-year follow-up interval; no surgical complications or recurrences occurred. Among eight patients with cystic disease not treated by surgery, four had cyst-growth ranging from 0.4 to 1.4 cm during the 3-year interval, One patient developed a new cyst and another's simple cyst became septate; two developed new calcifications. Of 12 seropositive subjects with no cysts present in 1994, 10 reverted to seronegative, a finding that suggests a significant proportion of seropositive subjects in echinococcus-endemic regions may have only transient infection without disease, When cysts do develop, their growth rates and time courses are highly variable; over the 3-year period, we observed growth, septation, degeneration, and calcification of cysts. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Asoc Benefica Proyectos Informat Salud Med & Agr, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Pathol, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Hosp Nacl Arzobispo Loayza, Dept Radiol, Lima, Peru. Policlin Peruano Japones, Lima, Peru. RP Gilman, RH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU PHS HHS [U01-A135894] NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 29 IS 4 BP 807 EP 812 DI 10.1086/520440 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 248RQ UT WOS:000083289500021 PM 10589894 ER PT J AU Bitnun, A Shannon, P Durward, A Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Graham, C Wang, E Ford-Jones, EL Cox, P Becker, L Fearon, M Petric, M Tellier, R AF Bitnun, A Shannon, P Durward, A Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Graham, C Wang, E Ford-Jones, EL Cox, P Becker, L Fearon, M Petric, M Tellier, R TI Measles inclusion-body encephalitis caused by the vaccine strain of measles virus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 24-28, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID MARROW TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; CD8+ T-CELLS; SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ATTENUATED MEASLES; INFECTED CHILDREN; GENE-EXPRESSION; RUBELLA VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; BRAIN AB We report a case of measles inclusion-body encephalitis (MIBE) occurring in an apparently healthy 21-month-old boy 8.5 months after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. He had no prior evidence of immune deficiency and no history of measles exposure or clinical disease. During hospitalization, a primary immunodeficiency characterized by a profoundly depressed CD8 cell count and dysgammaglobulinemia was demonstrated. A brain biopsy revealed histopathologic features consistent with MIBE, and measles antigens were detected by immunohistochemical staining, Electron microscopy revealed inclusions characteristic of paramyxovirus nucleocapsids within neurons, oligodendroglia, and astrocytes. The presence of measles virus in the brain tissue was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The nucleotide sequence in the nucleoprotein and fusion gene regions was identical to that of the Moraten and Schwarz vaccine strains; the fusion gene differed from known genotype A wild-type viruses. C1 Hosp Sick Children, Dept Crit Care Med, Div Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Dept Crit Care Med, Div Infect Dis, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Dept Crit Care Med, Div Pathol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Dept Crit Care Med, Div Immunol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ontario Minist Hlth, Viral Parasit & Immunodiagnost Lab, Toronto, ON M5W 1R5, Canada. RP Tellier, R (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Dept Crit Care Med, Div Microbiol, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. NR 52 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 29 IS 4 BP 855 EP 861 DI 10.1086/520449 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 248RQ UT WOS:000083289500030 PM 10589903 ER PT J AU Koide, M Saito, A Okazaki, M Umeda, B Benson, RF AF Koide, M Saito, A Okazaki, M Umeda, B Benson, RF TI Isolation of Legionella longbeachae serogroup 1 from potting soils in Japan SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Univ Ryukyus, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 9030125, Japan. Kobe City Gen Hosp, Dept Resp Dis, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koide, M (reprint author), Univ Ryukyus, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med 1, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 9030125, Japan. NR 2 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 29 IS 4 BP 943 EP 944 DI 10.1086/520470 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 248RQ UT WOS:000083289500049 PM 10589922 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM AF Flegal, KM TI Blood lipid levels in type 2 diabetes - What are the effects of diet? SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD OCT PY 1999 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1605 EP 1606 DI 10.2337/diacare.22.10.1605 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 240EJ UT WOS:000082812700001 PM 10526721 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW AF Gregg, EW CA CDC Diabet Managed Care Work Grp TI Exploring and expanding the research agenda for diabetes in managed care - A report of a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Managed Care Workshop SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Review ID HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; IMPROVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PRACTICE BEHAVIORS; UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL-CARE; MELLITUS; QUALITY AB The objective of this article is to describe the proceedings of a workshop organized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to 1) summarize current preventive care practices for people with diabetes in managed care organizations (MCOs) in the U.S., 2) understand the strengths and barriers to diabetes-related health services research in MCOs, and 3) highlight the major research questions and approaches to improve diabetes-related research in these organizations. Review and synthesis of presentations and discussions are provided. MCOs have considerable potential to enhance diabetes health services research because of their access to large diverse populations, novel health service interventions, and availability of data systems that link patients, health care providers, health care use, and health outcomes. Barriers to improved MCO-based research include confounding by concurrent interventions and secular trends, lack of control groups for rigorous evaluation of interventions, and the heterogeneous structures of MCOs. Future research, particularly if conducted in a collaborative environment, has the potential to improve the understanding of trends in health services, improve the understanding of characteristics of MCOs, and evaluate complex interventions directed at patients, health care providers, and systems of care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Seattle, WA USA. Hlth Partners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. Henry Ford Med Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, No Calif Reg, Oakland, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente, NW Reg, Portland, OR USA. Prudential Ctr Hlth Care Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM edg7@cdc.gov NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 EI 1935-5548 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD OCT PY 1999 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1734 EP 1738 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 240EJ UT WOS:000082812700024 ER PT J AU Krieg, EF AF Krieg, EF TI Biases induced by coarse measurement scales SO EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO; CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; MODERATED REGRESSION; RELIABILITY; NUMBER AB Equations for calculating the biases induced by coarse measurement scales are derived. Equations for the expected value, variance, covariance, correlation coefficient, and reliability coefficient are provided. The equations can be used to study the effects of measurement scale coarseness. Examples are given that illustrate that biases can vary depending on the mean and variance of the quantities being measured, the number of scale points, the rule for assigning quantities to scale points, and the number of items in a scale. Equations for the bias limits are also derived. Under some conditions, the biases disappear as the number of scale points increases. To avoid bias, it is recommended that graphic rating scales be used. C1 NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Krieg, EF (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop C-22, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0013-1644 J9 EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS JI Educ. Psychol. Meas. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 59 IS 5 BP 749 EP 766 DI 10.1177/00131649921970125 PG 18 WC Psychology, Educational; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Psychology, Mathematical SC Psychology; Mathematics GA 235BX UT WOS:000082520300002 ER PT J AU Kanitz, MH Witzmann, FA Zhu, H Fultz, CD Skaggs, S Moorman, WJ Savage, RE AF Kanitz, MH Witzmann, FA Zhu, H Fultz, CD Skaggs, S Moorman, WJ Savage, RE TI Alterations in rabbit kidney protein expression following lead exposure as analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE rabbit kidney; lead toxicity; two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ID TOXICITY; ACETATE; NEPHROTOXICITY; MECHANISMS; RATS AB It was recently reported that low blood lead levels impaired kidney function in men. To develop a set of molecular markers of renal lead exposure and effect, we investigated changes in renal protein expression while approximating occupational lead exposure at subchronic, low blood levels. Lead was administered to male Dutch Belted rabbits as a lead acetate solution adjusted weekly to achieve and maintain the target blood lead levels of 0, 20, 40, and 80 mu g/dL for 15 weeks. Lead exposure did not affect kidney or body weights. The effect of increasing blood lead on protein expression was evaluated in rabbit kidney by large-scale two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Significant quantitative changes (p < 0.05) occurred in a dose-related manner in 12 proteins at 20 mu g/dL exposure, 25 at 40 mu g/dL, and 102 at 80 mu g/dL. At a higher level of significance (p < 0.001), 40 mu g/dL blood lead resulted in one protein alteration and 80 mu g/dL affected 14 proteins. A set of quantitatively altered charge variants was tentatively identified as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), based on similar observations in rodents subjected to short-term, very high lead exposure. The significance of the protein alterations observed as markers of toxicity awaits their conclusive identification. Investigation of the kidney 2-DE profile in lead-exposed rabbit may be useful in understanding the mechanism of lead nephrotoxicity in humans. C1 NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Expt Toxicol Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Mol Anat Lab, Columbus, IN USA. RP Kanitz, MH (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Expt Toxicol Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-C-23, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD OCT PY 1999 VL 20 IS 14 BP 2977 EP 2985 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(19991001)20:14<2977::AID-ELPS2977>3.0.CO;2-K PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 279LA UT WOS:000085044200027 PM 10546836 ER PT J AU Bower, WA Fagan, EA Shapiro, CN Coleman, PJ Mast, EE Fried, MW Margolis, HS AF Bower, WA Fagan, EA Shapiro, CN Coleman, PJ Mast, EE Fried, MW Margolis, HS TI Pilot study of the epidemiology of acute liver failure in the US. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 SU S MA 34 BP 169A EP 169A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 239XE UT WOS:000082794700036 ER PT J AU Darbari, A Schwarz, KB Sabin, K AF Darbari, A Schwarz, KB Sabin, K TI Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in US children, 1973-1996. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 SU S MA 475 BP 279A EP 279A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 239XE UT WOS:000082794700473 ER PT J AU McMahon, BJ Holck, P Bulkow, L Snowball, MM AF McMahon, BJ Holck, P Bulkow, L Snowball, MM TI Natural history of chronic hepatitis B and incidence of sequelae in 1536 chronic carriers followed for a median of 12 years. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Alaska Nat Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. CDC, Arct Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 SU S MA 558 BP 300A EP 300A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 239XE UT WOS:000082794700558 ER PT J AU McMahon, BJ Christensen, CJ Gretch, DR Williams, JL Sullivan, DG Bruden, D Carithers, RL Hennessy, TW Homan, CE Deubner, H AF McMahon, BJ Christensen, CJ Gretch, DR Williams, JL Sullivan, DG Bruden, D Carithers, RL Hennessy, TW Homan, CE Deubner, H TI Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels over time in anti-HCV-positive persons who are HCV RNA positive compared with persons who are HCV RNA negative but riba positive. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CDC, Artic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Elmendorf AFB, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 SU S MA 789 BP 358A EP 358A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 239XE UT WOS:000082794700788 ER PT J AU Krawczynski, K Fattom, A Culver, D Kamili, S Spelbring, J Basham, L Sapan, C Naso, R Purdy, M Carson, D Galland, G AF Krawczynski, K Fattom, A Culver, D Kamili, S Spelbring, J Basham, L Sapan, C Naso, R Purdy, M Carson, D Galland, G TI Passive transfer of anti-HCV in chronic and acute HCV infection in chimpanzees - Trials of experimental immune treatment. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Nabi, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 SU S MA 1049 BP 423A EP 423A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 239XE UT WOS:000082794701048 ER PT J AU Garfein, RS Bower, WA Hutin, YJ Jawanda, J Groom, AV Murphy, JS Loney, CM Bell, BP AF Garfein, RS Bower, WA Hutin, YJ Jawanda, J Groom, AV Murphy, JS Loney, CM Bell, BP TI Factors associated with fulminant liver failure among injection drug users with acute hepatitis B. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. Montana Dept Publ Hlth & Human Serv, Helana, MT USA. Cascade City Cty Hlth Dept, Great Falls, MT USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 SU S MA 1269 BP 478A EP 478A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 239XE UT WOS:000082794701267 ER PT J AU Navarro, VJ Heye, CJ Kunze, KB Ivie, KB Terrault, NA Manos, M Alter, MJ Bell, BP AF Navarro, VJ Heye, CJ Kunze, KB Ivie, KB Terrault, NA Manos, M Alter, MJ Bell, BP TI Sentinel surveillance for chronic liver disease: The New Haven County Liver Study. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 SU S MA 1270 BP 478A EP 478A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 239XE UT WOS:000082794701269 ER PT J AU Mast, EE Hwang, LY Seto, D Nolte, FS Kelly, MG Alter, MJ AF Mast, EE Hwang, LY Seto, D Nolte, FS Kelly, MG Alter, MJ TI Perinatal hepatitis C virus transmission: Maternal risk factors and optimal timing of diagnosis SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Univ Hawaii, Kapiolani Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 SU S MA 1354 BP 499A EP 499A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 239XE UT WOS:000082794701353 ER PT J AU Alvi, AZ Stadnyk, LL Nagata, LP Fulton, RE Bader, DE Roehrig, JT Suresh, MR AF Alvi, AZ Stadnyk, LL Nagata, LP Fulton, RE Bader, DE Roehrig, JT Suresh, MR TI Development of a functional monoclonal single-chain variable fragment antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus SO HYBRIDOMA LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; FV FRAGMENTS; CONSTRUCTION; EXPRESSION; DIAGNOSIS; BINDING; GLYCOPROTEINS; REPERTOIRE; PROTEINS AB We have generated a single-chain variable fragment (ScFv) antibody, from a previously well-characterized monoclonal antibody (MAb) to Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus, 5B4D-6, The variable regions of the heavy (VH) and light (VL) chain antibody genes, were connected by a DNA linker and cloned in the phagemid vector pCANTAB5E, The ScFv clone in Escherichia coli strain TG-1, 5B4D-6-6, was expressed as a similar to 30 kDa ScFv protein and higher molecular weight fusion products which were functional in recognizing VEE virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Results were reproduced in Escherichia coli strain HB2151, where clone D66 was expressed mainly as soluble periplasmic protein. The D66 ScFv antibody bound VEE virus strongly as determined by ELISA, Nucleotide sequence analysis of 5B4D-6-6 ScFv indicated that the V-kappa gene belonged to family XVI, subgroup V, while the V-H gene was unique in its sequence, though its amino acid sequence could be subgrouped as IA, The deduced protein sequence of D66 was highly homologous to published murine ScFv protein sequences. This work demonstrates, for the first time, cloning of a functional ScFv antibody against VEE virus. C1 Univ Alberta, Fac Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Def Res Estab Suffield, Hazard Avoidance Sect, Ralston, AB, Canada. Def Res Estab Suffield, Med Countermeasure Sect, Ralston, AB, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth &, Fort Collins, CO USA. RP Fulton, RE (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Fac Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0272-457X J9 HYBRIDOMA JI Hybridoma PD OCT PY 1999 VL 18 IS 5 BP 413 EP 421 DI 10.1089/hyb.1999.18.413 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 261WC UT WOS:000084032400004 PM 10600028 ER PT J AU Boyle, CA Bertrand, J Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Boyle, CA Bertrand, J Yeargin-Allsopp, M TI Surveillance of autism SO INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN LA English DT Article DE autism; developmental disabilities; epidemiology ID PREVALENCE AB Surveillance of the prevalence of autism and other serious developmental disabilities in children is needed to understand the magnitude of these health problems and to identify subgroups of the population at increased risk. Ongoing surveillance would also provide a mechanism for addressing public concerns about possible increases in the rate of autism in specific communities. At present, there are scant data on autism prevalence available for the United Stares. This article describes CDC's autism surveillance activities, including the challenges and limitations of these activities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Boyle, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21704 USA SN 0896-3746 J9 INFANT YOUNG CHILD JI Infants Young Child. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 12 IS 2 BP 75 EP 78 PG 4 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 252RK UT WOS:000083515900009 ER PT J AU Gilmore, RD Mbow, ML AF Gilmore, RD Mbow, ML TI Conformational nature of the Borrelia burgdorferi B31 outer surface protein C protective epitope SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID DECORIN-BINDING-PROTEIN; LYME-DISEASE; ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; OSPC; MICE; INFECTION; IMMUNITY; ANTIGEN; VACCINATION; FLAGELLIN AB Active immunization with Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi has been demonstrated to confer protection against a tick-transmitted infection on laboratory animals. A previous study in this laboratory showed that OspC antibody raised against a denatured immunogen isolated from B. burgdorferi cells failed to provide protective immunity. Therefore, to determine whether the protective epitope of the recombinant antigen was sensitive to denaturation, recombinant OspC preparations were subjected to heat and chemical treatments prior to animal immunization. Following seroconversion to OspC, the animals were challenged with an infectious dose of B. burgdorferi B31 by tick bite. Whereas mice immunized with a soluble, nondenatured form continued to show protection rates close to 100%, mice that had been immunized with denatured antigen were not protected. furthermore, mice that were immunized,vith an insoluble (rather than a soluble), nondenatured form of the recombinant OspC showed a protection rate of only 40%. Protective epitope localization experiments showed that either the amino or the carboxy end of the recombinant protein was required to react with a protective OspC-specific monoclonal antibody. The data from these experiments demonstrate that a conformational organization of the protein is essential for the protective capability of the strain B31 OspC immunogen. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gilmore, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 67 IS 10 BP 5463 EP 5469 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 240ET UT WOS:000082813500064 PM 10496930 ER PT J AU Mbow, ML Gilmore, RD Titus, RG AF Mbow, ML Gilmore, RD Titus, RG TI An OspC-specific monoclonal antibody passively protects mice from tick-transmitted infection by Borrelia burgdorferi B31 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN; LYME-DISEASE; ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; CHALLENGE; SPIROCHETE; IMMUNITY; ANTIGEN AB A murine monoclonal antibody directed against Borrelia burgdorferi B31 outer surface protein C (OspC) antigen was generated by a method whereby borreliae were inoculated into the mouse via the natural transmission mode of tick feeding. Passive immunization with this antibody resulted in protection of C3H/HeJ and outbred mice from a tick-transmitted challenge infection. Immunofluorescence staining of borrelia cells indicated surface exposure of the OspC epitope reactive with the monoclonal antibody. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Mbow, ML (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 14 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 67 IS 10 BP 5470 EP 5472 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 240ET UT WOS:000082813500065 PM 10496931 ER PT J AU Kuehnert, MJ Jernigan, JA Pullen, AL Rimland, D Jarvis, WR AF Kuehnert, MJ Jernigan, JA Pullen, AL Rimland, D Jarvis, WR TI Association between mucositis severity and vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bloodstream infection in hospitalized cancer patients SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Epidemic Intelligence Service Conference CY APR 24, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; NEUTROPENIC PATIENTS; RISK-FACTORS; BACTEREMIA; FAECIUM; MORTALITY AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of mucositis severity in the development of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal (VRE) bloodstream infection (BSI). SETTING: A tertiary-care university medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Hematology-oncology-unit inpatients. DESIGN: Patients with VRE BSI (case-patients) were compared with VRE-colonized (control) patients from September 1994 through August 1997. Oral mucositis severity was recorded on the day of VRE BSI for case-patients and on hospital day 22 (median day of hospitalization of case-patient VRE BSI) for controls. There were 19 case-patients and 31 controls. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, case-patients were significantly more likely than controls to have a higher mucositis severity score, diarrhea, or a higher severity of illness score. In multivariate analysis, only mucositis remained as an independent risk factor, and increasing mucositis score was significantly associated with VRE BSI. CONCLUSIONS: Mucositis severity was independently associated with an increasing risk for VRE BSI. Interventions to alter mucositis severity may help to prevent VRE BSI in hospitalized cancer patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 20 IS 10 BP 660 EP 663 DI 10.1086/501561 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 245UX UT WOS:000083127500003 PM 10530642 ER PT J AU Dembek, ZF Kellerman, SE Ganley, L Capacchione, CM Tenover, FC Cartter, ML Van Kruiningen, HJ Jarvis, WR Hadler, JL AF Dembek, ZF Kellerman, SE Ganley, L Capacchione, CM Tenover, FC Cartter, ML Van Kruiningen, HJ Jarvis, WR Hadler, JL TI Reporting of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Connecticut: Implementation and validation of a state-based surveillance system SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL LABORATORIES AB OBJECTIVE: To assess state-based surveillance for isolation from a sterile site of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in Connecticut. DESIGN: Clinical laboratory reporting (passive surveillance) of VRE isolates to the Connecticut Department of Public Health (CDPH) was followed by state-initiated validation, laboratory proficiency testing, and review of hospital demographic characteristics. SETTINGS: All 45 clinical laboratories and all 37 (36 for 1995 and 1996) acute-care hospitals in Connecticut were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome measures included determination of the statewide incidence of VRE and the accuracy of passive reporting, determination of clinical laboratory proficiency in detecting VRE, and analysis of hospital characteristics that might be associated with an increased incidence of VRE. RESULTS: During 1994 through 1996, 29 (78%) of 37 hospital-affiliated clinical laboratories and 1 (11%) of 9 commercial or other laboratories in Connecticut reported to the CDPH the isolation of VRE from sterile sites; 158 isolates were reported for these 3 years. Based on verification, we discovered that these laboratories actually detected 58 VRE isolates in 1994, 104 in 1995, and 104 in 1996 (total, 266). The age-standardized incidence rate of VRE was 14.1 cases per million population in 1994 and 26.8 cases per million population for both 1995 and 1996. Laboratory proficiency testing revealed that high-level vancomycin resistance was identified accurately and that low- and moderate-level resistance was not detected. The incidence of VRE isolates was three times greater in hospitals with over 300 beds compared with categories of hospitals with fewer beds. Increases in the number of VRE isolates were at least twice as likely in hospitals located in areas with a higher population density, or with a residency program or trauma center in the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Passive reporting of VRE isolates from sterile sites markedly underestimated the actual number of isolates, as determined in a statewide reporting system. Statewide passive surveillance systems for routine or emerging pathogens must be validated and laboratory proficiency ensured if results are to be accurate and substantial underreporting is to be corrected. C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Program Epidemiol, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Invest & Prevent Branch, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch, Hosp Infect Program,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol, Dept Nutrit Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Dembek, ZF (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Program Epidemiol, 410 Capitol Ave,MS 11EPI,POB 340308, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 20 IS 10 BP 671 EP 675 DI 10.1086/501563 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 245UX UT WOS:000083127500005 PM 10530644 ER PT J AU Weiss, HA Brinton, LA Potischman, NA Brogan, D Coates, RJ Gammon, MD Malone, KE Schoenberg, JB AF Weiss, HA Brinton, LA Potischman, NA Brogan, D Coates, RJ Gammon, MD Malone, KE Schoenberg, JB TI Breast cancer risk in young women and history of selected medical conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; medical history; diabetes; ovarian cysts ID SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; HODGKINS-DISEASE; THYROID-DISEASE; NORWEGIAN WOMEN; INSULIN; HORMONES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHOLELITHIASIS; ENDOMETRIOSIS; TRIGLYCERIDES AB Background Several common medical conditions are associated with altered hormone levels, and may thus plausibly influence breast cancer risk. Few studies have examined such relationships, and we utilized a population-based case-control study of young women in the US to examine breast cancer risk following a history of various medical conditions. Relationships between breast cancer and each medical condition examined are biologically plausible, and relevant in terms of public health. Methods The study included 2173 breast cancer cases and 1990 population-based controls from three areas of the US, under 55 years, who were administered a questionnaire including details of physician-diagnosed medical conditions. Results No significantly increased or decreased breast cancer risk was associated with a history of thyroid disease, gallbladder disease, colorectal polyps, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or surgery for endometriosis. There was some evidence of an increased breast cancer risk associated with ovarian cysts among women who did not receive an oophorectomy (relative risk [RR] = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.0-3.9). Non-significant increases in breast cancer risk were observed following diagnoses of several other cancers, including thyroid cancer, basal cell carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease and malignant melanoma. Conclusions To conclude, our generally null results from this large, population-based study support results from previous studies in providing reassurance that women with a history of several common medical conditions do not appear to be at an increased risk of breast cancer at a young age. C1 Natl Canc Inst, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. ESB, DCPC, NCCDPHP, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Special Epidemiol Program, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Brinton, LA (reprint author), Natl Canc Inst, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Execut Plaza S Rm 7068,6120 Exec Blvd,MSC 7234, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 55 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 28 IS 5 BP 816 EP 823 DI 10.1093/ije/28.5.816 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 258FG UT WOS:000083827000002 PM 10597976 ER PT J AU Collins, MD Jovita, MR Hutson, RA Falsen, E Sjoden, B Facklam, RR AF Collins, MD Jovita, MR Hutson, RA Falsen, E Sjoden, B Facklam, RR TI Dolosicoccus paucivorans gen. nov., sp nov., isolated from human blood SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dolosicoccus paucivorans sp nov.; taxonomy; phylogeny; 16S rRNA ID AEROCOCCUS-LIKE ORGANISMS; HUMAN CLINICAL SPECIMENS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; INFECTIONS AB Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on a hitherto undescribed Gram-positive, catalase-negative, chain-farming coccus isolated from human blood. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown organism constitutes a new phylogenetic line, close to, but distinct from, Facklamia and Globicatella. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from currently recognized Facklamia species and Globicatella sanguinis by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Dolosicoccus paucivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Dolosicoccus paucivorans is CCUG 39307(T). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Reading, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Reading, Berks, England. Gothenburg Univ, Dept Clin Bacteriol, Culture Collect, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Facklam, RR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Rodriguez, Mar/K-6491-2014; OI Rodriguez, Mar/0000-0002-4069-9739 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 49 BP 1439 EP 1442 PN 4 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 251NB UT WOS:000083450800015 PM 10555324 ER PT J AU Murphy, FT Howard, R Dennis, GJ George, R Kubota, K Fears, M Pope, V AF Murphy, FT Howard, R Dennis, GJ George, R Kubota, K Fears, M Pope, V TI A potential correlation between disease activity and the FTA-ABS test in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ANTICARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODIES; CLINICAL-ASSESSMENT; REVISED CRITERIA; CLASSIFICATION; RELIABILITY; PROGNOSIS; VALIDITY C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med & Clin Invest, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Murphy, FT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med & Clin Invest, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 299 EP 302 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 243UE UT WOS:000083015000016 ER PT J AU Coulson, BS Gentsch, JR Das, BK Bhan, MK Glass, RI AF Coulson, BS Gentsch, JR Das, BK Bhan, MK Glass, RI TI Comparison of enzyme immunoassay and reverse transcriptase PCR for identification of serotype G9 rotaviruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NEUTRALIZING MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; REACTION AMPLIFICATION; GLYCOPROTEIN VP7; STOOL SPECIMENS; NEW-DELHI; STRAINS; GENE AB While only four globally important rotavirus G serotypes (1 to 4) have been documented, many studies suggest that serotype G9 viruses may be widely distributed and more important than previously recognized. We have evaluated 10 serotype G9 rotavirus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to VP7, which bound by direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to P1A[8], G9 rotaviruses F45, WI61, and AU32, for their ability to recognize the New Delhi G9 rotavirus 116E, Only one MAb (MAb F45:1) bound to P[11], G9 virus 116E to a high titer by EIA. This MAb was incorporated into an indirect EFA for G serotyping, which was validated with prototype cultivable human rotaviruses of G types 1 to 4 and 9. The EIA was compared with genotyping by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) under code for the determination of the G types of rotaviruses obtained from neonates in New Delhi, India. The sensitivities of RT-PCR and EIA (after two additional freeze-thaw cycles) for the typing of G9 rotaviruses were 91 and 86%, respectively, for 24 culture-adapted rotavirus strains. The untypeable culture-adapted rotavirus samples also were unreactive,vith VP7 group antigen-reactive MAb 60, After two additional freeze-thaw cycles, only 26 of 42 (62%) of stools containing rotavirus typed as G9 by RT-PCR were positive for G9 rotavirus by EIA, Stools containing rotavirus untypeable by EIA contained significantly less MAb 60-reactive VP7 antigen (P = 0.0001) than the stools containing typeable rotavirus, Thus, RT-PCR genotyping was the more sensitive method for determination of G9 type, but a serotype was readily determined in rotavirus samples containing MAb 60-reactive VP7 antigen by an EIA that incorporates MAb F45:1. C1 Univ Melbourne, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Paediat & Micriobiol, Div Gastroenterol & Enter Infect, New Delhi 11029, India. RP Coulson, BS (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. OI Coulson, Barbara/0000-0002-2110-8147 NR 51 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 37 IS 10 BP 3187 EP 3193 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 237FN UT WOS:000082644800018 PM 10488175 ER PT J AU Sulakvelidze, A Kekelidze, M Gomelauri, T Deng, YK Khetsuriani, N Kobaidze, K De Zoysa, A Efstratiou, A Morris, JG Imnadze, P AF Sulakvelidze, A Kekelidze, M Gomelauri, T Deng, YK Khetsuriani, N Kobaidze, K De Zoysa, A Efstratiou, A Morris, JG Imnadze, P TI Diphtheria in the Republic of Georgia: Use of molecular typing techniques for characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FORMER SOVIET-UNION; TOXIN GENE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RUSSIA; PCR; OUTBREAK AB Sixty-six Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains (62 of the gravis biotype and 4 of the mitis biotype) isolated during the Georgian diphtheria epidemic of 1993 to 1998 and 13 non-Georgian C. diphtheriae strains (10 Russian and 3 reference isolates) were characterized by (i) biotyping, (ii) toxigenicity testing with the Elek assay and PCR, (iii) the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, and (iv) pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Fifteen selected strains were ribotyped. Six RAPD types and 15 PFGE patterns were identified among all strains examined, and 12 ribotypes,were found among the 15 strains that were ribotyped. The Georgian epidemic apparently was caused by one major clonal group of C. diphtheriae (PFGE type A, ribotype Ri), which was identical to the predominant epidemic strain(s) isolated during the concurrent diphtheria epidemic in Russia. A dendrogram based on the PFGE patterns revealed profound differences between the minor (nonpredominant) epidemic strains found in Georgia and Russia. The methodologies for RAPD typing, ribotyping, and PFGE typing of C. diphtheriae strains were improved to enable rapid and convenient molecular typing of the strains. The RAPD technique was adequate for biotype differentiation; however, PFGE and ribotyping were better (and equal to each other) at discriminating between epidemiologically related and unrelated isolates. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Hosp Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Georgian Minist Hlth, Natl Ctr Dis Control, GE-380077 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cent Publ Hlth Lab, PHLS Streptococcus & Diphtheria Reference Unit, Resp & Syst Infect Lab, London NW9 5HT, England. RP Sulakvelidze, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Hosp Epidemiol, MSTF Bldg,Room 9-34,10 S Pine St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 37 IS 10 BP 3265 EP 3270 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 237FN UT WOS:000082644800033 PM 10488190 ER PT J AU Zirnstein, G Li, Y Swaminathan, B Angulo, F AF Zirnstein, G Li, Y Swaminathan, B Angulo, F TI Ciprofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates: Detection of gyrA resistance mutations by mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR and DNA sequence analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NALIDIXIC-ACID; GENE; IDENTIFICATION AB The gyrA quinolone resistance determining region was sequenced from 13 ciprofloxacin-resistant and 20 ciprofloxacin-susceptible Campylobacter jejuni isolates. All isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin had Thr-86-to-Ile mutations. a mutation frequently associated with the acquisition of resistance to fluoroquinolones. A mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) PCR protocol was developed that detects this gyrA mutation in quinolone-resistant isolates. The MAMA PCR provides a means for routine detection of the gyrA mutation without the need for sequencing the gyrA gene. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zirnstein, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Mail Stop C03,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 106 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 37 IS 10 BP 3276 EP 3280 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 237FN UT WOS:000082644800035 PM 10488192 ER PT J AU Nicholson, WL Castro, MB Kramer, VL Sumner, JW Childs, JE AF Nicholson, WL Castro, MB Kramer, VL Sumner, JW Childs, JE TI Dusky-footed wood rats (Neotoma fuscipes) as reservoirs of granulocytic ehrlichiae (Rickettsiales : Ehrlichieae) in northern California SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TICKS IXODES-PACIFICUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; CAUSATIVE AGENT; LYME-DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; HORSES; ACARI; CYCLE; EQUI AB Dusky-footed wood rats (Neotoma fuscipes) and Peromyscus sp. mice (P. maniculatus and P. truei) were collected from one site in Placer County, one site in Santa Cruz County, and two sites in Sonoma County in northern California. Serum or plasma samples from 260 rodents were tested for antibodies to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Of these, samples from 25 wood rats (34% of those tested) and 10 (8%) Peromyscus sp, mice were found to be seropositive, but only those from one site, PCR assays targeting the groESL heat shock operon were conducted on all seropositive specimens and a subset of seronegative blood specimens. Ehrlichial DNA was identified in 17 (68%) of the 25 seropositive wood rat blood samples and in 1 of the 10 (10%) Peromyscus sp, specimens. None of 40 seronegative blood samples was PCR positive. Both seropositive and PCR-positive animals were collected during each trapping period, One male tick out of 84 Ixodes pacificus adults collected was PCR positive; samples of Dermacentor occidentalis nymphs and adults were negative. Nucleotide sequences of amplicons from three wood rat blood specimens and from the single PCR-positive tick differed by one and two bases, respectively, from a sequence previously obtained from Ehrlichia equi. At one site in Sonoma County, wood rats had a concurrent high prevalence of seropositivity and PCR positivity, while other sigmodontine rodents collected at the site were only occasionally infected. We suggest that dusky-footed wood rats serve as reservoirs of granulocytic ehrlichial agents in certain areas of northern California, The tick species involved in the transmission of granulocytic ehrlichiae among wood rats remains unknown. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Sacramento, CA 94234 USA. RP Nicholson, WL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 28 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 37 IS 10 BP 3323 EP 3327 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 237FN UT WOS:000082644800042 PM 10488199 ER PT J AU Arthington-Skaggs, BA Jradi, H Desai, T Morrison, CJ AF Arthington-Skaggs, BA Jradi, H Desai, T Morrison, CJ TI Quantitation of ergosterol content: Novel method for determination of fluconazole susceptibility of Candida albicans SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REFERENCE MACRODILUTION METHOD; AZOLE ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; IN-VITRO; NATIONAL-COMMITTEE; AMPHOTERICIN-B; MICRODILUTION METHOD; METHOD M27-P; RESISTANCE; NEOFORMANS; INFECTIONS AB MIC end points for the most commonly prescribed azole antifungal drug, fluconazole, can be difficult to determine because its fungistatic nature can lead to excessive "trailing" of growth during susceptibility testing by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth macrodilution and microdilution methods. To overcome this ambiguity, and because fluconazole acts by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis, we developed a novel method to differentiate fluconazole-susceptible from fluconazole-resistant isolates by quantitating: ergosterol production in cells grown in 0, 1, 4, 16, or 64 mu g of fluconazole per mi, Ergosterol was isolated from whole yeast cells by saponification, followed by extraction of nonsaponifiable lipids with heptane, Ergosterol was identified by its unique spectrophotometric absorbance profile between 240 and 300 nm, We used this sterol quantitation method (SQM) to test 38 isolates with broth microdilution end points of less than or equal to 8 mu g/ml (susceptible), 16 to 32 mu g/ml (susceptible dose-dependent [SDD]), or greater than or equal to 64 mu g/ml (resistant) and 10 isolates with trailing end points by the broth microdilution method. No significant differences in mean ergosterol content were observed between any of the isolates grown in the absence of fluconazole. However, 18 susceptible isolates showed a mean reduction in ergosterol content of 72% after exposure to 1 mu g of fluconazole/ml, an 84% reduction after exposure to 4 mu g/ml, and 95 and 100% reductions after exposure to 16 and 64 mu g of fluconazole/ml, respectively. Ten SDD isolates showed mean ergosterol reductions of 38, 57, 73, and 99% after exposure to 1, 4, 16, and 64 mu g of fluconazole/ml, respectively. In contrast, 10 resistant Isolates showed mean reductions in ergosterol content of only 25, 38, 53, and 84% after exposure to the same concentrations of fluconazole. The MIC of fluconazole, by using the SQM, was defined as the lowest concentration of the drug which resulted in 80% or greater inhibition of overall mean ergosterol biosynthesis compared to that in the drug-free control. Of 38 isolates,which gave clear end points by the broth microdilution method, the SQM MIC was within 2 dilutions of the broth microdilution MIC for 33 (87%). The SQM also discriminated between resistant and highly resistant isolates and was particularly useful for discerning the fluconazole susceptibilities of 10 additional isolates which gave equivocal end points by the broth microdilution method due to trailing growth. In contrast to the broth microdilution method, the SQM determined trailing isolates to be susceptible rather than resistant, indicating that the SQM may predict clinical outcome more accurately, The SQM may provide a means to enhance current methods of fluconazole susceptibility testing and may provide a better correlation of in vitro with in vivo results, particularly for isolates with trailing end points. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Morrison, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 144 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 37 IS 10 BP 3332 EP 3337 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 237FN UT WOS:000082644800044 PM 10488201 ER PT J AU Allen, MI Gauthier, J DesLauriers, M Bourne, EJ Carrick, KM Baldanti, F Ross, LL Lutz, MW Condreay, LD AF Allen, MI Gauthier, J DesLauriers, M Bourne, EJ Carrick, KM Baldanti, F Ross, LL Lutz, MW Condreay, LD TI Two sensitive PCR-based methods for detection of hepatitis B virus variants associated with reduced susceptibility to lamivudine SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRAL-DNA; POLYMERASE; RESISTANCE; MUTATIONS; ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; THERAPY; INVITRO; ANALOGS AB Two novel assays, a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay and an assay based on the 5'-nuclease activity of Tag DNA polymerase, were developed for screening viral variants in lamivudine-treated patients' sera containing <1,000 copies of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome per mi. Both assays were designed to detect single-nucleotide changes within the HBV DNA polymerase gene that are associated with lamivudine resistance in vitro and have been used to screen a number of patients' sera for variant virus. Results obtained with these assays and standard sequencing technology were compared with regard to throughput, ability to detect individual virus species present at low concentrations, and ability to detect, distinguish, and quantitate wild-type (wt) and HBV tyrosine methionine(552) aspartate aspartate motif variants in mixed viral populations. Unlike DNA sequencing, both assays are amenable to high-throughput screening and were shown to be able to quantitatively detect variant virus in the presence of a background of wt virus. As with DNA sequencing, both new assays incorporate a PCR amplification step and are able to detect the relatively low amounts of virus found in lamivudine-treated patients' sera. However, these assays are far less labor intensive than the DNA-sequencing techniques presently in use. Overall, the RFLP assay was more sensitive than DNA sequencing in detecting and determining the ratios of wt to variant virus. Furthermore, the RFLP assay and 5'-nuclease assay were equally sensitive in the detection of mixed, viral species, but the RFLP assay was superior to the 5'-nuclease assay in the quantitation of mixed viral species. These assays should prove useful for further understanding of virological response to therapy and disease progression. C1 Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Dept Virol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Dept Funct Genet, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Dept Res Informat Resources, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, TB Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. IRCCS, Policlin San Matteo, Lab Sperimentali Ric, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RP Allen, MI (reprint author), Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Dept Virol, RC2,Rm 712,POB 13398, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Lutz, Michael/0000-0001-8809-5574 NR 32 TC 108 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 37 IS 10 BP 3338 EP 3347 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 237FN UT WOS:000082644800045 PM 10488202 ER PT J AU Pruckler, JM Masse, M Stevens, VA Gang, L Yang, YH Zell, ER Dowell, SF Fields, BS AF Pruckler, JM Masse, M Stevens, VA Gang, L Yang, YH Zell, ER Dowell, SF Fields, BS TI Optimizing culture of Chlamydia pneumoniae by using multiple centrifugations SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; STRAIN TWAR; INFECTIONS; GROWTH; CELLS AB Three methods for the recovery of Chlamydia pneumoniae from spiked nasopharyngeal and blood specimens, including extended culture and additional centrifugations, were compared. Additional centrifugations and a 7-day culture time resulted in a 500- to 5,000-fold increase in the number of detectable inclusion-forming units. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Beijing Childrens Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Pruckler, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 37 IS 10 BP 3399 EP 3401 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 237FN UT WOS:000082644800061 PM 10488218 ER PT J AU Ashley, K Song, RG Esche, CA Schlecht, PC Baron, PA Wise, TJ AF Ashley, K Song, RG Esche, CA Schlecht, PC Baron, PA Wise, TJ TI Ultrasonic extraction and portable anodic stripping voltammetric measurement of lead in paint, dust wipes, soil, and air: An interlaboratory evaluation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID SAMPLES AB Recent studies have demonstrated the utility of ultrasonic extraction (UE), followed by portable anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), for the on-site determination of lead in environmental and industrial hygiene samples. The aim of this work was to conduct an interlaboratory evaluation of the UE-ASV procedure, with a goal of establishing estimates of method performance based on results from collaborative interlaboratory analysis. In this investigation, performance evaluation materials (PEMs) with characterized lead concentrations were used for interlaboratory testing of the UE-ASV procedure. The UE-ASV protocol examined has been promulgated in the form of two separate national voluntary consensus standards (one for UE and another for electroanalysis, which includes ASV). The PEMs consisted of characterized and homogenized paints, soils, and dusts (the last of which were spiked onto wipes meeting national voluntary consensus standard specifications), and air filter samples (mixed cellulose ester membrane) generated using characterized paints within an aerosol chamber. The lead concentrations within the PEMs were chosen so as to bracket pertinent action levels for lead in the various sample matrices. The interlaboratory evaluation was conducted so as to comply with an applicable national voluntary consensus standard that can be used to estimate the interlaboratory precision of a given analytical test method. Based on the analytical results reported by the participating laboratories, relative standard deviations (RSDs) for repeatability and reproducibility were computed for three different lead contents of the four PEMs. RSDs for repeatability were 0.019-0.100 for paints; 0.030-0.151 for soils; 0.085-0.134 for dust wipes; and 0.095-0.137 for air filters. RSDs for reproducibility were 0.127-0.213 for paints; 0.062-0.162 for soils; 0.085-0.134 for dust wipes; and 0.114-0.220 for air filters. With the exception of one of the air filter samples and one of the paint samples, the precision estimates were within the +/-20% precision requirement specified in the US Environmental Protection Agency National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program (NLLAP). The results of this investigation illustrate that the UE-ASV procedure is an effective method for the quantitative measurement of lead in the matrices evaluated in this study. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 FU PHS HHS [NIO.C92.001.00] NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 1 IS 5 BP 459 EP 464 DI 10.1039/a903685g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256ZU UT WOS:000083757000010 PM 11529164 ER PT J AU Fowler, K Celebuski, C Edgar, T Kroger, F Ratzan, SC AF Fowler, K Celebuski, C Edgar, T Kroger, F Ratzan, SC TI An assessment of the health communication job market across multiple types of organizations SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB This study seeks to answer three questions: (1) What is the employment outlook for health communication practitioners? (2) What specialized knowledge and skills should a competent health communication practitioner possess? and (3) How much academic training or professional experience is necessary to become a competent health communication practitioner? To this end, 104 employers of health communication practitioners, representing different types of large, medium, and small companies and organizations from various regions of the United States, were interviewed by telephone. The interview protocol was based on nine core health communication responsibilities identified by a working group of health communication academicians and practitioners. The study suggests a positive employment outlook, where those seeking jobs in health communication before the year 2000 could enjoy varied job opportunities in the wake of an anticipated moderate expansion in the field. Those with 1 to 10 years of experience are most in demand. While an undergraduate degree provides an academic background to perform most responsibilities, for six of the nine core responsibilities an advanced degree was preferred by at feast one-third of respondents. C1 WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Fowler, K (reprint author), WESTAT Corp, 1650 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-93-0653] NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 4 IS 4 BP 327 EP 342 PG 16 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 266FL UT WOS:000084289900005 PM 10790788 ER PT J AU Ziegler, T Hemphill, ML Ziegler, ML Perez-Oronoz, G Klimov, AI Hampson, A Regnery, HL Cox, NJ AF Ziegler, T Hemphill, ML Ziegler, ML Perez-Oronoz, G Klimov, AI Hampson, A Regnery, HL Cox, NJ TI Low incidence of rimantadine resistance in field isolates of influenza A viruses SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ION-CHANNEL ACTIVITY; A VIRUS; AMANTADINE-RESISTANT; INFECTION; PROTEIN; ADULTS; SURVEILLANCE; PROPHYLAXIS; EMERGENCE; EFFICACY AB The spread of drug-resistant influenza viruses type A to close contacts in families, schools, and nursing homes has been well documented. To investigate whether drug-resistant influenza viruses circulate in the general population, 2017 isolates collected in 43 countries and territories during a 4-year period were tested for drug susceptibility in a bioassay. Drug resistance was confirmed by detection of specific mutations on the M2 gene that have been shown to confer resistance to amantadine or rimantadine. Sixteen viruses (0.8%) were found to be drug-resistant, Only 2 of these resistant viruses were isolated from individuals who received amantadine or rimantadine treatment at the time the specimens were collected. For 12 individuals use of amantadine or rimantadine could be excluded, and from the remaining 2 patients information about medication was unavailable. These results indicate that the circulation of drug-resistant influenza viruses is a rare event, but surveillance for drug resistance should be continued. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CSL Ltd, Influenza Ctr, WHO, Parkville, Vic, Australia. RP Ziegler, ML (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Dept Med Microbiol, POB 5000, FIN-90401 Oulu, Finland. NR 29 TC 66 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 180 IS 4 BP 935 EP 939 DI 10.1086/314994 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 243WB UT WOS:000083019500001 PM 10479115 ER PT J AU Auwaerter, PG Rota, PA Elkins, WR Adams, RJ DeLozier, T Shi, YQ Bellini, WJ Murphy, BR Griffin, DE AF Auwaerter, PG Rota, PA Elkins, WR Adams, RJ DeLozier, T Shi, YQ Bellini, WJ Murphy, BR Griffin, DE TI Measles virus infection in rhesus macaques: Altered immune responses and comparison of the virulence of six different virus strains SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; EOSINOPHILIA; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; RNA; INTERLEUKIN-5; ANTIBODY; CELLS; GENES; HOST AB Measles remains a major cause of childhood mortality, with questions about virus virulence and pathogenesis still requiring answers. Rhesus macaques were infected with 5 different culture-adapted strains of measles virus, including 2 from patients with progressive vaccine-induced disease, and a sixth nonculture-adapted strain, Bilthoven. All caused infection detectable by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and induction of antibody. Chicago-1 and Bilthoven induced viremias detectable by leukocyte cocultivation. Bilthoven induced Koplik's spots, conjunctivitis, and rash. Lymphopenia and depressed interleukin (IL)-2 production were followed by monocytosis and eosinophilia, All monkeys, including 41 involved in a primate facility outbreak, showed suppressed responses to phytohemagglutinin. As the rash resolved production of IL-2, IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and IL-5 mRNA increased. Monkeys are useful for studies of measles immunopathogenesis, but virus strains must be carefully chosen. Increased virulence of vaccine strains isolated from immunocompromised infants with fatal infections was not evident. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Griffin, DE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St,Rm E5132, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI35149] NR 52 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 180 IS 4 BP 950 EP 958 DI 10.1086/314993 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 243WB UT WOS:000083019500003 PM 10479117 ER PT J AU Fulhorst, CF Ksiazek, TG Peters, CJ Tesh, RB AF Fulhorst, CF Ksiazek, TG Peters, CJ Tesh, RB TI Experimental infection of the cane mouse Zygodontomys brevicauda (family Muridae) with Guanarito virus (Arenaviridae), the etiologic agent of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Chronic infections in specific rodents appear to be crucial to the long-term persistence of arenaviruses in nature. The cane mouse, Zygodontomys brevicauda, is a natural host of Guanarito virus (family Arenaviridae), the etiologic agent of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the natural history of Guanarito virus infection in Z. brevicauda. Thirty-nine laboratory-reared cane mice each were inoculated subcutaneously with 3.0 log(10) plaque-forming units of the Guanarito virus prototype strain INH-95551, No lethality was associated with infection in any animal, regardless of age at inoculation. The 13 newborn, 14 weanling, and 8 of the 12 adult animals developed chronic viremic infections characterized by persistent shedding of infectious virus in oropharyngeal secretions and urine. These findings indicate that Guanarito virus infection in Z. brevicauda can be chronic and thus support the concept that this rodent species is the natural reservoir of Guanarito virus. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fulhorst, CF (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-41435, AI-33983] NR 7 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 180 IS 4 BP 966 EP 969 DI 10.1086/315029 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 243WB UT WOS:000083019500005 PM 10479119 ER PT J AU Ellenberger, DL Sullivan, PS Dorn, J Schable, C Spira, TJ Folks, TM Lal, RB AF Ellenberger, DL Sullivan, PS Dorn, J Schable, C Spira, TJ Folks, TM Lal, RB TI Viral and immunologic examination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected, persistently seronegative persons SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY JAN 31-FEB 04, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID HIV-INFECTION; LOW-PREVALENCE; ENV PROTEINS; ANTIBODY; AIDS; SEROCONVERSION; PROGRESSION; RESPONSES; VIREMIA; ABSENCE AB Persons who were human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected but who remained persistently seronegative (HIPS) on HIV-1 antibody tests were examined through AIDS case surveillance. Six such individuals (HIPS-1 to -4, -7, and -9) were examined to determine whether their persistent seronegativity was attributable to immune dysfunction or infection with atypical HIV. Of the 6, 4 had antibody titers to at least 1 other common pathogen, In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIPS-4 and HIPS-7 with pokeweed mitogen or phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (direct B cell mitogen) did not produce HIV-1-specific antibody. Reconstitution experiments with recombinant interleukin (rIL)-4 and rIL-12 also had no impact on antibody production. Virus isolates from HIPS-4 and -9 were RSX4-tropic, whereas HIPS-7 was CCR5-tropic only. Sequence analysis of long terminal repeat, p24, and env gp41 did not reveal any specific mutation, and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that all 6 virus specimens were HIV-1 subtype B. These data suggest that the lack of a detectable antibody response in these patients may be the result of immune dysfunction. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ellenberger, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Mail Stop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 180 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1042 DI 10.1086/315024 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 243WB UT WOS:000083019500014 PM 10479128 ER PT J AU Dezzutti, CS Swords, WE Guenthner, PC Sasso, DR Wahl, LM Drummond, AH Newman, GW King, CH Quinn, FD Lal, RB AF Dezzutti, CS Swords, WE Guenthner, PC Sasso, DR Wahl, LM Drummond, AH Newman, GW King, CH Quinn, FD Lal, RB TI Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in human immunodeficiency virus type I-induced replication by clinical Mycobacterium avium isolates SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY JAN 22-31, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; HUMAN MACROPHAGES; T-CELLS; COMPLEX BACTEREMIA; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CHRONIC INFECTION; MONOCYTOID CELLS; TISSUE INHIBITOR; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD AB The role of Mycobacterium avium isolates in modulating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication was examined by use of an in vitro, resting T cell system. Two human clinical isolates (serotypes 1 and 4) but not an environmental M. avium isolate (serotype 2) enhanced HIV-1 replication. The M. avium-induced HIV-1 replication was not associated with cell activation or differential cytokine production or utilization. Addition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors and their in vivo regulators, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -2, abrogated M. avium-induced HIV-1 replication 80%-95%. The MMP inhibitors did not have any effect on the HIV-1 protease activity, suggesting that they may affect cellular processes. Furthermore, MMP-9 protein was differentially expressed after infection with clinical M. avium isolates and paralleled HIV-1 p24 production. Collectively, these data suggest that M. avium-induced HIV-1 replication is mediated, in part, through the induction of MMP-9. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Immunopathol Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. British Biotech Pharmaceut Ltd, Oxford, England. RP Dezzutti, CS (reprint author), CDC, DASTLR, HARB, Mailstop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 180 IS 4 BP 1142 EP 1152 DI 10.1086/314992 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 243WB UT WOS:000083019500027 PM 10479141 ER PT J AU Blank, S Sternberg, M Neylans, LL Rubin, SR Weisfuse, IB St Louis, ME AF Blank, S Sternberg, M Neylans, LL Rubin, SR Weisfuse, IB St Louis, ME TI Incident syphilis among women with multiple admissions to jail in New York City SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress of Sexually Transmitted Diseases CY OCT 19-22, 1997 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN ID HIV-1 INFECTION; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION AB Although early syphilis morbidity in New York City (NYC) has declined to a record low, syphilis seroreactivity among women jailed in NYC is similar to 25%. By use of a retrospective cohort-type analysis of longitudinal serologic and treatment data collected at the time of each incarceration, the incidence of syphilis infection among 3579 susceptible women jailed multiple times in NYC between 23 March 1993 and 10 April 1997 was estimated. Syphilis incidence densities were estimated by use of continuous, time-homogeneous Markov models. There was a total of 289 incident infections. The overall incidence density was 6.5 infections per 100 woman-years (95% confidence interval, 5.7-7.2), which exceeds the 1997 early syphilis rate among women in NYC by >1000-fold. The persisting high incidence of syphilis in this population underscores the importance of aggressive syphilis control in correctional settings, even in the face of declining local early syphilis rates. C1 New York City Dept Hlth, Bur STD Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blank, S (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth, Bur STD Control, Room 207,Box 73,125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 180 IS 4 BP 1159 EP 1163 DI 10.1086/315038 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 243WB UT WOS:000083019500029 PM 10479143 ER PT J AU Ostrowsky, BE Clark, NC Thauvin-Eliopoulos, C Venkataraman, L Samore, MH Tenover, FC Eliopoulos, GM Moellering, RC Gold, HS AF Ostrowsky, BE Clark, NC Thauvin-Eliopoulos, C Venkataraman, L Samore, MH Tenover, FC Eliopoulos, GM Moellering, RC Gold, HS TI A cluster of VanD vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: Molecular characterization and clinical epidemiology SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 24-28, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID D-ALANINE; GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECALIS; CONJUGAL TRANSFER; UNITED-STATES; SEQUENCE; PLASMID; GENES; PROTEIN; ENZYMES AB VanD-mediated glycopeptide resistance has been reported for an isolate of Enterococcus faecium, BM4339. Three clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium collected from 3 patients during a 6-week period in 1993 had agar dilution MICs of vancomycin and teicoplanin of 128 and 4 mu g/mL, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers complementary to genes encoding D-Ala-D-X ligases yielded a 630-bp product that was similar to the published partial sequence of vanD. By use of inverse PCR, vanD, vanH(D), and two partial flanking open-reading frames were sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of VanD showed 67% identity with VanA and VanB, vanD appeared to be located on the chromosome and was not transferable to other enterococci, The 3 isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and differed from BM4339. No other isolates carrying vanD were found in a subset of 875 recent US isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. C1 Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gold, HS (reprint author), Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, West Campus,Kennedy Bldg 6th Fl,1 Autumn St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU CIT NIH HHS [TO1/CCT11438] NR 34 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 180 IS 4 BP 1177 EP 1185 DI 10.1086/315030 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 243WB UT WOS:000083019500032 PM 10479146 ER PT J AU Trepka, MJ Archer, JR Altekruse, SF Proctor, ME Davis, JP AF Trepka, MJ Archer, JR Altekruse, SF Proctor, ME Davis, JP TI An increase in sporadic and outbreak-associated Salmonella enteritidis infections in Wisconsin: The role of eggs SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PHAGE TYPE-4; CONSUMPTION; RESTAURANT; EXPERIENCE; COUNTY AB In Wisconsin, reported Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (SE) infections during 1997 more than doubled compared with the previous 9 years. A case-control study was conducted to determine risk factors for sporadic infections, and results of outbreak investigations were reviewed. Eating raw eggs (matched odds ratio [MOR] = 14.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-591.6), eating raw or undercooked eggs (MOR = 5.8; 95% CI, 1.3-28.0), eating any eggs (MOR = 4.2; 95% CI, 1.2-16.2), and dining at a restaurant (MOR = 4.7; 95% CI, 1.4-18.4) were associated with infection in the case-control study. For 3 of the 8 outbreaks, a probable source was identified, in each instance, foods containing eggs. Human infections decreased after eggs were diverted from implicated flocks. This epidemic demonstrates the continuing need for quality assurance on egg farms and enhanced education of consumers and commercial food preparers regarding safe handling of eggs. C1 Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, State Branch,Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, JP (reprint author), Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis, 1414 E Washington Ave,Room 241, Madison, WI 53703 USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 180 IS 4 BP 1214 EP 1219 DI 10.1086/314984 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 243WB UT WOS:000083019500036 PM 10479150 ER PT J AU Forthal, DN Landucci, G Haubrich, R Keenan, B Kuppermann, BD Tilles, JG Kaplan, J AF Forthal, DN Landucci, G Haubrich, R Keenan, B Kuppermann, BD Tilles, JG Kaplan, J TI Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity independently predicts survival in severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual AIDS Investigators Meeting / 2nd Annual Conference on AIDS Research CY FEB, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID HIV-1 INFECTION; NATURAL-KILLER; DISEASE; COUNT; AIDS; PROGRESSION; PLASMA AB The exact immune defects leading to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated opportunistic infections, malignancies, and death are unknown. In this study, the relationship between survival and 2 immune functions, cytomegalovirus-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and natural killer (NK) activity, was determined by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 39 severely immunocompromised patients (median CD4 count, 7), Median follow-up was 414 days; 15 subjects died and 24 remained alive. In a Kaplan-Meier analysis, high baseline ADCC (>median) was associated with improved survival (P = .05). A similar trend was observed for NK activity (P = .1). In a multivariate model controlling for baseline CD4 cell count, HIV RNA, and use of protease inhibitors during follow-up, high ADCC, but not high NK activity, remained significantly associated with a lower risk of death (relative risk, 0.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.75). ADCC may be an important determinant of disease progression independently of anti-retroviral therapy, CD4 cell count, and HIV RNA. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, UCSD Treatment Ctr, Data & Biostat Unit, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div SIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Forthal, DN (reprint author), UCIMC, Route 81,101 City Dr, Orange, CA 92868 USA. NR 13 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 180 IS 4 BP 1338 EP 1341 DI 10.1086/314988 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 243WB UT WOS:000083019500054 PM 10479168 ER PT J AU Behets, FMT Andriamiadana, J Randrianasolo, D Randriamanga, R Rasamilalao, D Chen, CY Weiss, JB Morse, SA Dallabetta, G Cohen, MS AF Behets, FMT Andriamiadana, J Randrianasolo, D Randriamanga, R Rasamilalao, D Chen, CY Weiss, JB Morse, SA Dallabetta, G Cohen, MS TI Chancroid, primary syphilis, genital herpes, and lymphogranuloma venereum in Antananarivo, Madagascar SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; ULCER DISEASE; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; POPULATION; INFECTION AB Ulcer material from consecutive patients attending clinics in Antananarivo, Madagascar, was tested using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) to detect Treponema pallidum, Haemophilus ducreyi, and herpes simplex virus. Sera were tested for syphilis and for Ige and Igh I antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis by microimmunofluorescence testing (MIF). By M-PCR, 33% of 196 patients had chancroid, 29% had syphilitic ulcers, and 10% had genital herpes; 32% of the ulcer specimens were M-PCR negative. Compared with M-PCR, syphilis serology was 72% sensitive and 83% specific, The sensitivity of clinical diagnosis of syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes was 93%, 53%, and 0% and specificity was 20%, 52%, and 99%, respectively. Less schooling was associated with increased prevalence of syphilitic ulcers (P = .001). Sixteen patients (8%) were clinically diagnosed with lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV); 1 plausible case of LGV was found by MIE In Madagascar, primary care of genital ulcers should include syndromic treatment for syphilis and chancroid. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Yale Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. Minist Hlth, Inst Hyg Sociale, Antananarivo, Malagasy Republ. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Roche Mol Syst, Alameda, CA USA. Family Hlth Int, AIDS Control & Prevent Project, Arlington, VA USA. RP Behets, FMT (reprint author), 75 Cottage St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [5T32HS00052] NR 15 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 180 IS 4 BP 1382 EP 1385 DI 10.1086/315005 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 243WB UT WOS:000083019500064 PM 10479178 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Hochkeppel, HK Gangemi, JD AF Johnson, JA Hochkeppel, HK Gangemi, JD TI IFN-tau exhibits potent suppression of human papillomavirus E6/E7 oncoprotein expression SO JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OVINE TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN-1; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; PREGNANCY RECOGNITION HORMONE; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; INTERFERON-RECEPTOR; GENE-PRODUCT; WILD-TYPE; ALPHA; BINDING; SITES AB The effects of interferon-tau (IFN-tau) on tumor suppressor factors and virus oncoprotein expression were compared with two other type I IFN in human papillomavirus (HPV-16)-transformed cells. Nontumorigenic human keratinocytes, HuKc/HPV-16d-2C (d-2C), treated,vith recombinant human IFN-alpha 2a (Roferon), a human recombinant alpha IFN hybrid, alpha B/D (IFN-alpha B/D), or ovine IFN-tau were evaluated for their effects on the levels of E6 and E7 expression. IFN-tau was comparable to IFN-alpha 2a in decreasing intracellular levels of E6 and E7, and IFN-alpha B/D was more effective than IFN-alpha 2a in suppressing E7 levels, All three IFN were capable of increasing the cellular concentration of wild-type p53 tumor suppressor with the magnitude IFN-tau > IFN-alpha 2a > IFN-alpha B/D. Increases in p53 concentrations correlated with the observed decreases in E6 mRNA and protein levels. The antiviral effects observed in this study reveal that IFN-tau has potent antipapillomavirus activity. Sequences/structure unique to IFN-tau could allow for alternative IFN/receptor interactions and may explain the differences in biologic function. C1 Clemson Univ, Greenville Hosp Syst, Dept Microbiol, Biomed Cooperat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Novartis AG, Dept Pharmacol, Basel, Switzerland. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Bldg 15,MS G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1079-9907 J9 J INTERF CYTOK RES JI J. Interferon Cytokine Res. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1107 EP 1116 DI 10.1089/107999099313046 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 246KP UT WOS:000083163200004 PM 10547150 ER PT J AU Black, DW Doebbeling, BN Voelker, MD Clarke, WR Woolson, RF Barrett, DH Schwartz, DA AF Black, DW Doebbeling, BN Voelker, MD Clarke, WR Woolson, RF Barrett, DH Schwartz, DA TI Quality of life and health-services utilization in a population-based sample of military personnel reporting multiple chemical sensitivities SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL ILLNESS; GENERAL-POPULATION; FOLLOW-UP; QUESTIONNAIRE; DEFINITION; PREVALENCE; EXPOSURES; SYMPTOMS; SCALE AB We sought to assess quality of life and health-services utilization variables in persons with symptoms suggestive of multiple chemical sensitivity/idiopathic environmental intolerance (MCS/IEI) among military personnel. We conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey of a population-based sample of Persian Gulf War (PGW) veterans from Iowa and a comparison group of PGW-era military personnel. A complex sample survey design was used, selecting subjects from four domains: PGW active duty, PGW National Guard/Reserve, non-PGW active duty, and non-PGW National Guard/Reserve. Each domain was substratified by age, gender, race, rank, and military branch. The criteria for MCS/IEI were developed by expert consensus and from the medical literature. In the total sample, 169 subjects (4.6%) of the 3695 who participated (76% of those eligible) met our criteria for MCS/IEI. Persons who met the criteria for MCS/IEI more often reported the following than did other subjects: more than 12 days in bed due to disability, Veteran's Affairs disability status, Veteran's Affairs disability compensation, medical disability, and unemployment. MCS/IEI cases also had higher outpatient rates of physician visits, emergency department visits, and inpatient hospital stays. Subjects who met the criteria for MCS/IEI more often reported impaired functioning on each Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form subscale, compared with those who did not meet the criteria. We concluded that although the diagnosis of MCS/IEI remains controversial, the persons who met our criteria for the disorder are functionally impaired. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Black, DW (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU711513] NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 41 IS 10 BP 928 EP 933 DI 10.1097/00043764-199910000-00014 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244WJ UT WOS:000083073500014 PM 10529949 ER PT J AU Avila-Campos, MJ Sacchi, CT Whitney, AM Steigerwalt, AG Mayer, LW AF Avila-Campos, MJ Sacchi, CT Whitney, AM Steigerwalt, AG Mayer, LW TI Arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction for identification and epidemiologic subtyping of oral isolates of Fusobacterium nucleatum SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusobacterium nucleatum; periodontal diseases/microbiology; polymerase chain reaction/methods ID BACTEROIDES-FORSYTHUS; SUBGINGIVAL PLAQUE; PERIODONTITIS; BACTERIA; PROBES; DISEASES; SEARCH; AGENTS; PCR AB Background: Fusobacterium nucleatum is the most frequently isolated bacterium in periodontal disease and plays an important role in serious infections in other parts of the body. Arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was used to construct primers for specific identification and subtyping of F. nucleatum, Subtypes may differ in virulence and, hence, are important as periodontal pathogens. Subtypes also may differ in antibiotic susceptibility; therefore, knowing the subtypes may influence choice of treatment. Methods: We analyzed 70 DNA samples of E nucleatum isolated from patients with periodontal disease (PD) (N = 32) or AIDS-related PD (N = 8) and from healthy carriers (N = 30), From 90 AP-PCR primers screened, five amplification products were selected, cloned in pCR II vector, and sequenced. These sequences were used to design new pairs of specific primers, Sequences were compared to GenBank entries with BLAST and showed no significant matches. Results: Three primer pairs produced bands of approximately 1 Kb (primer 5059S) or 0.5 Kb (primers FN5047 or M1211) with all E nucleatum DNAs tested. PCR amplification using primer pair M8171 produced a 1 Kb band with isolates from 7 (22%) PD and 5 (63%) PD-AIDS patients and 9 (30%) healthy controls. Using the same primer pair, 2 other bands of approximately 0.5 Kb and 0.4 Kb were observed with DNA from isolates from 2 (6%) PD and all PD-AIDS patients, but were not observed with DNA samples from healthy controls (P <0.0001). All the primer pairs produced no or different amplicon profiles with DNA samples from bacterial species other than E nucleatum. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PCR primer pairs 5059S, FN5047 or M1211 can be used to specifically identify E nucleatum isolates and distinguish them from other bacteria. The primer pair M8171 could also be used to differentiate E nucleatum isolated from periodontal patients or healthy individuals. These specific primers can be used in PCR analysis for specific identification of E nucleatum and to distinguish it from other bacteria associated with human periodontitis. These approaches appear promising in facilitating laboratory identification, molecular subtyping, and taxonomy of putative periodontopathogens. C1 USP, ICB, Dept Microbiol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Adolfo Lutz Inst, Bacteriol Div, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Avila-Campos, MJ (reprint author), USP, ICB, Dept Microbiol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Avila-Campos, Mario/D-7727-2012 OI Avila-Campos, Mario/0000-0002-2378-7251 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 70 IS 10 BP 1202 EP 1208 DI 10.1902/jop.1999.70.10.1202 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 245ZF UT WOS:000083138100011 PM 10534075 ER PT J CA Ctr Dis Control & Prevention TI Cigarette smoking among high school students - 11 states, 1991-1997 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Reprint C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 1999 VL 69 IS 8 BP 303 EP 306 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 245RU UT WOS:000083122600005 ER PT J AU Gottlieb, NH Keogh, EF Jonas, JR Grunbaum, JA Walters, SR Fee, RM Saunders, RP Baldyga, W AF Gottlieb, NH Keogh, EF Jonas, JR Grunbaum, JA Walters, SR Fee, RM Saunders, RP Baldyga, W TI Partnerships for comprehensive school health: Collaboration among colleges/universities, state-level organizations, and local school districts SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB qualitative survey on the collaborative experiences oScolleges and universities, state level organizations, and school districts related to comprehensive school health programs in 12 states found primary collaborative outcomes: training, consultation, research, and networking. Five common dimensions of collaboration also were identified: interpersonal and organizational interactions, level of awareness and understanding of comprehensive school health programs, organizational priorities and reward systems, political forces, and availability and sharing of resources. The potential for such linkages to advance comprehensive school health programs remains largely untapped. Recommendations for developing such collaborations are presented. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Kinesiol & Hlth Educ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. SW Catholic Hlth Network, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Reg Planning, Austin, TX 78754 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Adolescent Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Minnesota, Teen Pregnancy Prevent Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Promot & Educ, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Illinois, Hlth Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Hlth Policy, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Gottlieb, NH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Kinesiol & Hlth Educ, Bellmont Hall 222, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 1999 VL 69 IS 8 BP 307 EP 313 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 245RU UT WOS:000083122600006 PM 10544363 ER PT J AU Pickle, LW Gillum, RF AF Pickle, LW Gillum, RF TI Geographic variation in cardiovascular disease mortality in US blacks and whites SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE coronary disease; stroke; geographic variations ID UNITED-STATES; STROKE MORTALITY; URBANIZATION; DECLINE; REGION; DEATH; ONSET; WOMEN AB Cardiovascular disease mortality rates have dropped significantly over the past several decades, but a shift has occurred over time in the geographic patterns of both coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke mortality This article describes these patterns and discusses how they vary by sex, race, age, and over time. Death certificate information For Health Service Areas (HSAs) in 1988-1992 was used to analyze the geographic patterns of CHD and stroke death rates by race, sex, and age. Changes in these patterns from 1979-1993 also were examined. In 1988-1992, considerable geographic variation in both CHD and stroke mortality was demonstrated For each sex and race group. Coronary heart disease rates were particularly high in the lower Mississippi valley and Oklahoma for all four groups, in the Ohio River valley and New York for whites, and to a lesser extent for blacks. Areas of high rates among whites in the Carolinas resemble stroke mortality patterns. There were greater differences by racial group than by gender, by the definition of heart disease. Over time, rates have declined For both CHD and stroke, but regional differences in the rates of change give the appearance of a southwesterly movement of high heart disease rate clusters and a breakup of the "Stroke Belt." Further research is needed to elucidate the cause of regional variation in CHD and stroke mortality. Similar geographic patterns of high rates of CHD and stroke in the southeastern United States may reflect common risk factors. This knowledge can be used to help develop appropriate interventions to target these high-rate areas in the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Rm 730, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 33 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 91 IS 10 BP 545 EP 556 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 253AV UT WOS:000083535200002 PM 10599187 ER PT J AU Dominguez, G Dambaugh, TR Stamey, FR Dewhurst, S Inoue, N Pellett, PE AF Dominguez, G Dambaugh, TR Stamey, FR Dewhurst, S Inoue, N Pellett, PE TI Human herpesvirus 6B genome sequence: Coding content and comparison with human herpesvirus 6A SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TELOMERIC REPEAT SEQUENCES; IMMEDIATE-EARLY REGION; MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; OPEN READING FRAME; B-STRAIN Z29; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; DNA-SEQUENCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LABORATORY STRAINS AB Human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B (HHV-6A and HHV-6B) are closely related viruses that can be readily distinguished by comparison of restriction endonuclease profiles and nucleotide sequences. The viruses are similar with respect to genomic and genetic organization, and their genomes cross-hybridize extensively, but they differ in biological and epidemiologic features. Differences include infectivity of T-cell lines, patterns of reactivity with monoclonal antibodies, and disease associations. Here we report the complete genome sequence of HHV-6B strain Z29 I[HHV-6B(Z29)], describe its genetic content, and present an analysis of the relationships between HHV-6A and HHV-6B, As sequenced, the HHV-6B(Z29) genome is 162,114 bp long and is composed of a 144,528-bp unique segment (11) bracketed by 8,793-bp direct repeats (DR). The genomic sequence allows prediction of a total of 119 unique open reading frames (ORFs), 9 of which are present only in HHV-6B, Splicing is predicted in 11 genes, resulting in the 119 ORFs composing 97 unique genes. The overall nucleotide sequence identity between HHV-6A and HHV-6B is 90%. The most divergent regions are DR and the right end of U, spanning ORFs U86 to U100. These regions have 85 and 72% nucleotide sequence identity, respectively. The amino acid sequences of 13 of the 17 ORFs at the right end of U differ by more than 10%, with the notable exception of U94, the adeno-associated virus type 2 rep homolog, which differs by only 2.4%. This region also includes putative cis-acting sequences that are likely to be involved in transcriptional regulation of the major immediate-early locus, The catalog of variant-specific genetic differences resulting from our comparison of the genome sequences adds support to previous data indicating that HHV-6A and HHV-6B are distinct herpesvirus species. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Qualicon Inc, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Pellett, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Dewhurst, Stephen/0000-0001-7729-7920 FU NIAID NIH HHS [KO4 AI01240, R21 AI34231] NR 61 TC 195 Z9 300 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 73 IS 10 BP 8040 EP 8052 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 235QP UT WOS:000082554300015 PM 10482553 ER PT J AU Ito, H Watanabe, S Sanchez, A Whitt, MA Kawaoka, Y AF Ito, H Watanabe, S Sanchez, A Whitt, MA Kawaoka, Y TI Mutational analysis of the putative fusion domain of Ebola virus glycoprotein SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE-FUSION; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; SPIKE PROTEIN; CELL-FUSION; TRANSMEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN; VIRION GLYCOPROTEINS; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; LEUCINE ZIPPER; COILED-COIL; PEPTIDE AB Ebola viruses contain a single glycoprotein (GP) spike, which functions as a receptor binding and membrane fusion protein. It contains a highly conserved hydrophobic region (amino acids 524 to 539) located 24 amino acids downstream of the N terminus of the Ebola virus GP2. subunit. Comparison of this region with the structural features of the transmembrane subunit of avian retroviral GPs suggests that the conserved Ebola virus hydrophobic region may, in fact, serve as the fusion peptide. To test this hypothesis directly, we introduced conservative (alanine) and nonconservative (arginine) amino acid substitutions at eight positions in this region of the GP2 molecule. The effects of these mutations were deduced from the ability of the Ebola virus GP to complement the infectivity of a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) lacking the receptor-binding G protein. Some mutations, such as Ile-to-Arg substitutions at positions 532 (I532R), F535R, G536A, and P537R, almost completely abolished the ability of the GP to support VSV infectivity without affecting the transport of GP to the cell surface and its incorporation into virions or the production of virus particles. Other mutations, such as G528R, L529A, L529R, I532A, and F535A, reduced the infectivity of the VSV-Ebola virus pseudotypes by at least one-half. These findings, together with previous reports of liposome association with a peptide corresponding to positions 524 to 539 in the GP molecule, offer compelling support for a fusion peptide role for the conserved hydrophobic region in the Ebola virus GP. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Kawaoka, Y (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, 2015 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 36 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 73 IS 10 BP 8907 EP 8912 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 235QP UT WOS:000082554300114 PM 10482652 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, I Kouletio, M Curtis, K Schmid, T AF Ahluwalia, I Kouletio, M Curtis, K Schmid, T TI Community empowerment: CDC collaboration with the CARE Community-Based Reproductive Health Project in two districts in Tanzania SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ahluwalia, I (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1015 EP 1019 DI 10.1089/jwh.1.1999.8.1015 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 254GT UT WOS:000083604100003 PM 10565658 ER PT J AU Leveille, SG Guralnik, JM Hochberg, M Hirsch, R Ferrucci, L Langlois, J Rantanen, T Ling, S AF Leveille, SG Guralnik, JM Hochberg, M Hirsch, R Ferrucci, L Langlois, J Rantanen, T Ling, S TI Low back pain and disability in older women: Independent association with difficulty but not inability to perform daily activities SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MINI-MENTAL-STATE; FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS; JOINT IMPAIRMENT; PREDICTORS; REHABILITATION; PREVALENCE; STRENGTH; DISEASE; HEALTH; RISK AB Background. Low back pain is a highly prevalent chronic condition, yet little is known about the disabling effects of this common problem in older adults. This study examines the relationship between the presence and severity of low back pain and disability in older women. Methods. The study population was 1,002 disabled older women participating in a population-based prospective study of disablement. Key outcome measures of disability included level of difficulty and inability to perform the following daily activities: light housework, shopping, walking one-quarter mile, climbing stairs, lifting, and activities of daily living (ADLs). Results. Forty-two percent of participants reported they had low back pain for at least one month in the year before baseline. The prevalence of severe back pain decreased markedly with age (10% of those greater than or equal to 85 yr versus 23% in each of the two younger 10 yr age groups). After multivariate adjustments, women with severe back pain were 3 to 4 times more likely than other women to have a lot of difficulty with light housework or shopping. There was also an increased likelihood of difficulty with mobility tasks and basic ADLs among those with severe back pain. No associations were found between back pain and being unable to perform any of the daily activities studied, indicating possible differences in disablement processes leading to functional difficulties versus functional incapacity. Conclusions. There was a strong association between back pain and functional difficulties in older women, pointing to the need for further research using longitudinal methods. C1 NIA, Epidemiol Demog & Biometry Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. I Fraticini Natl Res Inst, INRCA, Dept Geriatr, Florence, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Leveille, SG (reprint author), NIA, Epidemiol Demog & Biometry Program, Gateway Bldg,Suite 3C-309,7201 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Rantanen, Taina/O-6579-2016 OI Rantanen, Taina/0000-0002-1604-1945 NR 35 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 3 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 54 IS 10 BP M487 EP M493 DI 10.1093/gerona/54.10.M487 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 331XK UT WOS:000088043800008 PM 10568530 ER PT J AU Hodgson, TA Cohen, AJ AF Hodgson, TA Cohen, AJ TI Medical care expenditures for selected circulatory diseases - Opportunities for reducing national health expenditures SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE circulatory diseases; costs; expenditures ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ELDERLY PATIENTS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; BETA-BLOCKERS; VITAMIN-C; RISK; MORTALITY; WOMEN; MEN AB OBJECTIVES. Circulatory system diseases are a significant burden in terms of morbidity, mortality, and use of health care services. This article presents total, per capita, and per condition US medical care expenditures in 1995 for circulatory diseases according to sex, age, and type of health service. METHODS. Total personal health care expenditures estimated by the Health Care Financing Administration for each type of health care service are separated into components to estimate patient expenditures by age, sex, primary medical diagnosis, and health care service for all diseases of the circulatory system, heart disease, coronary heart: disease, congestive heart failure; hypertensive disease, and cerebrovascular disease. RESULTS. Expenditures for circulatory diseases totaled $127.8 billion in 1995 (17% of all personal health care expenditures), $486 per capita, and $1,636 per condition. Approximately one half of expenditures was for hospital care and 20% was for nursing home care. Heart disease accounted for 60% of circulatory expenditures. Expenditures increased with age and reached 35% of expenditures among persons aged 85 years and older, which was almost $7,000 per capita, These relationships vary somewhat according to the specific circulatory disease, type of health care, and age. CONCLUSIONS, Expenditures increase with age and circulatory diseases can be expected to command an increasing share of national health expenditures as the number and proportion of the population that is elderly grows. The alteration of lifestyles and medical interventions provide many opportunities to prevent circulatory diseases and to reduce national health expenditures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. TRW Co Inc, TRW Syst Integrat Grp, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Hodgson, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 66 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD OCT PY 1999 VL 37 IS 10 BP 994 EP 1012 DI 10.1097/00005650-199910000-00004 PG 19 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244XZ UT WOS:000083077200004 PM 10524367 ER PT J AU Kopp, PA Yildirim, AO Lammler, C Beall, B Facklam, R AF Kopp, PA Yildirim, AO Lammler, C Beall, B Facklam, R TI Isolation and further characterization of group A beta-haemolytic streptococci of dog and cat origin SO MEDICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE group A beta-haemolytic streptococci ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; INFECTION; HUMANS AB This study was designed to identify and characterise further three Streptococcus pyogenes isolated during routine diagnostics from two diseased dogs and one diseased cat. The cultures could be identified as S. pyogenes by cultural and serological properties and further characterized by emm- and T-typing and by determination of the opacity factor reaction. Our findings suggest that pets can be a possible source of group A streptococcal infections of humans. Med Sci Res 27:713-714 (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Univ Giessen, Inst Tierarztliche Nahrungsmittelkunde Bakteriol, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Vet Med Lab, D-71611 Ludwigsburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Facklam, R (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Tierarztliche Nahrungsmittelkunde Bakteriol, Frankfurter Str 107, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. OI Yildirim, Ali Onder/0000-0003-1969-480X NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-8951 J9 MED SCI RES JI Med. Sci. Res. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 27 IS 10 BP 713 EP 714 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 245ER UT WOS:000083093700019 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Morse, SA AF Chen, CY Morse, SA TI Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterioferritin: structural heterogeneity, involvement in iron storage and protection against oxidative stress SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article DE Neisseria gonorrhoeae; iron-storage protein; bacterioferritin ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI BACTERIOFERRITIN; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; FERRITIN; GENE; PURIFICATION; CLONING; OVERPRODUCTION; IDENTIFICATION AB The iron-storage protein bacterioferritin (Bfr) from Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain F62 was identified in cell-free extracts and subsequently purified by column chromatography. Gonococcal Bfr had an estimated molecular mass of 400 kDa by gel filtration; however, analysis by SDS-PAGE revealed that it was composed of 18 kDa (BfrA) and 22 kDa (BfrB) subunits. DNA encoding BfrB was amplified by PCR using degenerate primers derived from the N-terminal amino acid sequence of BfrB and from a C-terminal amino acid sequence of Escherichia coli Bfr. The DNA sequence of bfrA was subsequently obtained by genome walking using single-specific-primer PCR. The two Bfr genes were located in tandem with an intervening gap of 27 bp. A potential Fur-binding sequence (12 of 19 bp identical to the consensus neisserial fur sequence) was located within the 5' flanking region of bfrA in front of a putative -35 hexamer. The homology between the DNA sequences of bfrA and bfrB was 55.7 %; the deduced amino acid sequences of BfrA (154 residues) and BfrB (157 residues) showed 39.7 % identity, and showed 41.3 % and 56.1 % identity, respectively, to E. coli Bfr. Expression of recombinant BfrA and BfrB in E. coli strain DH5 alpha was detected on Western blots probed with polyclonal anti-E. coli Bfr antiserum. Most Bfrs are homopolymers with identical subunits; however, the evidence presented here suggests that gonococcal Bfr was composed of two similar but not identical subunits, both of which appear to be required for the formation of a functional Bfr. A Bfr-deficient mutant was constructed by inserting the Omega fragment into the BfrB gene. The growth of the BfrB-deficient mutant in complex medium was reduced under iron-limited conditions. The BfrB-deficient mutant was also more sensitive to killing by H2O2 and paraquat than the isogenic parent strain. These results demonstrate that gonococcal Bfr plays an important role in iron storage and protection from iron-mediated oxidative stress. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Aids, Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Aids, Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD OCT PY 1999 VL 145 BP 2967 EP 2975 PN 10 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 246GN UT WOS:000083156200037 PM 10537219 ER PT J AU Cogswell, ME Scanlon, KS Fein, SB Schieve, LA AF Cogswell, ME Scanlon, KS Fein, SB Schieve, LA TI Medically advised, mother's personal target, and actual weight gain during pregnancy SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE WOMEN; INSTITUTE; GUIDELINES; RETENTION; ADVICE AB Objective: To evaluate whether advice on pregnancy weight gain from health care professionals, women's target weight gain (how much weight women thought they should gain), and actual weight gain corresponded with the 1990 Institute of Medicine recommendations. Methods: predominantly white, middle-class women participating in a mail panel reported their prepregnancy weights, heights, and advised and target weight gains on a prenatal questionnaire (n = 2237), and their actual weight gains on a neonatal questionnaire (n = 1661). Recommended weight gains were categorized for women with low body mass index (BMI) (less than 19.8 kg/m(2)) as 25-39 lb; for women with average BMI (19.8-26.0 kg/m(2)) as 25-34 lb; and for women with high BMI (more than 26.0-29.0 kg/m(2)) and very high BMI (more than 29.0 kg/m(2)) as 15-24 lb. Results: Twenty-seven percent of the women reported that they had received no medical advice about pregnancy weight gain. Among those who received advice, 14% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12%, 16%) had been advised to gain less than the recommended range and 22% (95% CI 20%, 24%) had been advised to gain more than recommended. The odds of being advised to gain more than recommended were higher among women with high BMIs and with very high BMIs compared with women with average BMIs. Black women were more likely than white women to report advice to gain less than recommended. Advised and target weight gains were associated strongly with actual weight gain. Receiving no advice was associated with weight gain outside the recommendations. Conclusion: Greater efforts are required to improve medical advice about weight gain during pregnancy. (Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:616-22.). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epidem Intelligence Serv,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Anal & Support, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Cogswell, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epidem Intelligence Serv,Epidemiol Program Off, Mail Stop K-25,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 94 IS 4 BP 616 EP 622 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00375-0 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 239QN UT WOS:000082781300024 PM 10511369 ER PT J AU Lincoln, JM Conway, GA AF Lincoln, JM Conway, GA TI Preventing commercial fishing deaths in Alaska SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE commercial fishing; drowning; cold water ID INDUSTRY AB Objectives-To evaluate the effectiveness of the United States Commercial Fishing Industry Vessel Safety Act of 1988 in reducing the high occupational death rate (200/100 000/year in 1991-2) among Alaska's commercial fishermen. Methods-Comprehensive surveillance of deaths in commercial fishing was established by our office during 1991 and 1992 for Alaska. Demographic data and data on risk factors and incidents were compiled and analysed for trend. Results-During 1991-8, there was a significant (p<0.001) decrease in deaths in Alaska related to commercial fishing. Although drownings from fishermen falling overboard and events related to crab fishing vessels (often conducted far offshore and in winter) have continued to occur, marked progress (significant downward trend, p<0.001) has been made in saving the lives of people involved in vessels capsising and sinking. Conclusions-Specific measures tailored to prevent drowning associated with vessels capsising and sinking in Alaska's commercial fishing industry have been successful. However, these events continue to occur, and place fishermen and rescue personnel at substantial risk. Additional strategies must be identified to reduce the frequency of vessels capsising and sinking, to enable parallel improvements in the mortality among crab fishermen, and to prevent fishermen falling overboard and drownings associated with them. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Alaska Field Stn, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Lincoln, JM (reprint author), 4230 Univ Dr,310, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 56 IS 10 BP 691 EP 695 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 239HZ UT WOS:000082763800008 PM 10658549 ER PT J AU Boyle, CA AF Boyle, CA TI Frequent ear infections and child care - Commentary SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boyle, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Mail Stop F-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 BP 473 EP 474 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 255HX UT WOS:000083664400013 PM 10563366 ER PT J AU Van Naarden, K Decoufle, P AF Van Naarden, K Decoufle, P TI Relative and attributable risks for moderate to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment associated with lower birth weight in children 3 to 10 years old SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth weight; congenital; sensorineural; hearing impairment; deafness; prevalence; relative risk; attributable risk ID CHILDHOOD; INFANTS AB Objective. To determine the prevalence, relative risks, and attributable fractions for congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment in relation to lower birth weight among children born in the 1980s and living in the metropolitan Atlanta area from 1991 through 1993. Methods. We used the population-based, active case ascertainment Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program that conducts surveillance in the five-county metropolitan Atlanta area. Hearing impairment was defined as a bilateral, pure-tone hearing loss at frequencies of 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz averaging 40 dBs or more, unaided, in the better ear. Case children, 3 to 10 years of age, with sensorineural loss of presumed congenital origin were included in these analyses (n = 172). Prevalence rates and relative risks were computed for various birth weight categories by hearing level, sex, race, the presence or absence of coexisting developmental disabilities, and gestational age. Attributable fractions were calculated for low birth weight and very low birth weight children by race. Results. The overall prevalence rate of presumed congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment was 5.3 cases per 10 000 3-year survivors. The prevalence was 4.1 per 10 000 among children weighing greater than or equal to 4000 g, 3.7 per 10 000 among those weighing 3000 to 3999 g, 6.6 per 10 000 among those 2500 to 2999 g, 12.7 per 10 000 among those 1500 to 2499 g, and 51.0 per 10 000 among those <1500 g. There was virtually no difference in birth weight-specific rates of hearing impairment across three hearing levels. The presence of coexisting developmental disabilities was associated with a much stronger inverse trend with birth weight. Black children weighing <2500 g had much higher rates of hearing impairment than comparable white children. The overall percentage of moderate to profound congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in the entire study population that was attributable to children weighing <2500 g or <1500 g was estimated to be 18.9% and 9.4%, respectively. Prematurity did not alter the magnitude of risk among children weighing <2500 g. Conclusions. The results presented here provide recent estimates of the rates, relative risks, and attributable fractions for congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment by birth weight among children in the United States. The elevated relative risks among children weighing 2500 to 2999 g and 1500 to 2499 g may have implications for future newborn hearing screening criteria. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dev Disabil Branch, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Decoufle, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dev Disabil Branch, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, F-15,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1999 VL 104 IS 4 BP 905 EP 910 DI 10.1542/peds.104.4.905 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 241WR UT WOS:000082907300008 PM 10506233 ER PT J AU Peter, G des-Vignes-Kendrick, M Eickhoff, TC Fine, A Galvin, V Levine, MM Maldonado, YA Marcuse, EK Monath, TPC Osborn, JE Macy, J Plotkin, S Poland, GA Quinlisk, MP Smith, DR Sokol, M Soland, DB Whitley-Williams, PN Williamson, DE Breiman, RF Arvin, A Baylor, N Breiman, R Clements-Mann, ML Couch, R Douglas, G Galambos, L Gellin, B Gershon, A Glass, R Gordon, L Glode, M Greenberg, H Hardegree, C Heilman, C Hilleman, M Jordan, W Levine, MM Marcuse, E Paradiso, P Parkman, P Plotkin, S Quinnan, G Rabinovich, R Read, L Russell, P Sewell, J Shepherd, HR Siber, G Soland, D Ward, J White, J Wright, P AF Peter, G des-Vignes-Kendrick, M Eickhoff, TC Fine, A Galvin, V Levine, MM Maldonado, YA Marcuse, EK Monath, TPC Osborn, JE Macy, J Plotkin, S Poland, GA Quinlisk, MP Smith, DR Sokol, M Soland, DB Whitley-Williams, PN Williamson, DE Breiman, RF Arvin, A Baylor, N Breiman, R Clements-Mann, ML Couch, R Douglas, G Galambos, L Gellin, B Gershon, A Glass, R Gordon, L Glode, M Greenberg, H Hardegree, C Heilman, C Hilleman, M Jordan, W Levine, MM Marcuse, E Paradiso, P Parkman, P Plotkin, S Quinnan, G Rabinovich, R Read, L Russell, P Sewell, J Shepherd, HR Siber, G Soland, D Ward, J White, J Wright, P CA Natl Vaccine Advisory Comm TI Lessons learned from a review of the development of selected vaccines SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vaccine; immunization; vaccine research; vaccine development ID INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE; ENTERIC-COATED CAPSULES; CONTROLLED FIELD TRIAL; ORAL TYPHOID VACCINE; HEPATITIS-B VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; BACTERIAL MENINGITIS; MEASLES VACCINATION; INDIGENOUS MEASLES; CHILDREN AB Background. Although the vaccine research and development network in the United States remains vibrant, its continued success requires maintaining harmonious interaction among its many components. Changing one component is likely to affect the system overall. An examination of case studies of the development of selected vaccines would allow an examination of the network as a whole. This article presents conclusions drawn from the case study review undertaken. Objective. Successful development of vaccines is a time-intensive process requiring years of commitment from a network of scientists and a continuum of regulatory and manufacturing entities. We undertook this work to shed light on how well the vaccine development system in the United States performs. Method. The National Vaccine Advisory Committee examined the research and development pathways of several vaccines that reached licensure expeditiously (hepatitis B vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines); some that became licensed only after considerable delay (oral typhoid Ty21a vaccine, varicella vaccine); some that are at the point of imminent or recent licensure (reassortant Rhesus rotavirus vaccine, which was licensed by the Food and Drug Administration on August 30, 1998) or near submission for licensure (intranasal cold adapted influenza vaccine); and one for which clinical development is slow because of hurdles that must be overcome (respiratory syncytial virus vaccines). Results. Some common themes emerged from the reviews of these vaccine "case histories": the expediting influence of a strong scientific base and rationale; the need for firm quantitation of disease burden and clear identification of target populations; the critical role played by individuals or teams who act as "champions" to overcome the inevitable obstacles; availability of relevant animal models, high-quality reagents and standardized assays to measure immune response; the absolute requirement for well designed, meticulously executed clinical trials of vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy; postlicensure measurements of the public health impact of the vaccine and a track record of the vaccine's safety and acceptance with large-scale use; and the critical need for international collaborations to evaluate vaccines against diseases of global importance that are rare in the United States (eg, typhoid fever). It was clear that the critical step-up from bench scale to pilot lots and then to large-scale production, which depends on a small group of highly trained individuals, is often a particularly vulnerable point in the development process. Conclusions. One fundamental lesson learned is that within the varied and comprehensive US vaccine development infrastructure, multiple and rather distinct paths can be followed to reach vaccine licensure. The National Vaccine Advisory Committee review process should be conducted periodically in the future to ascertain that the US vaccine development network, which has been enormously productive heretofore and has played a leadership role globally, is adapting appropriately to ensure that new, safe, and efficacious vaccines become available in a timely manner. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Vaccine Advisory Comm, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Peter, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Vaccine Advisory Comm, Natl Vaccine Program Off, MS D-66,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1999 VL 104 IS 4 BP 942 EP 950 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 241WR UT WOS:000082907300014 PM 10506239 ER PT J AU Ziring, PR Brazdziunas, D Cooley, WC Kastner, TA Kummer, ME de Pijem, LG Quint, RD Ruppert, ES Sandler, AD Anderson, WC Arango, P Burgan, P Garner, C McPherson, M Michaud, L Yeargin-Allsopp, M Johnson, CP Wheeler, LSM Nackashi, J Perrin, JM AF Ziring, PR Brazdziunas, D Cooley, WC Kastner, TA Kummer, ME de Pijem, LG Quint, RD Ruppert, ES Sandler, AD Anderson, WC Arango, P Burgan, P Garner, C McPherson, M Michaud, L Yeargin-Allsopp, M Johnson, CP Wheeler, LSM Nackashi, J Perrin, JM CA Comm Children Disabilities TI Care coordination: Integrating health and related systems of care for children with special health care needs SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CASE-MANAGEMENT; CHRONIC ILLNESS AB Care coordination is a process that links children with special health care needs and their families to services and resources in a coordinated effort to maximize the potential of the children and provide them with optimal health care. Care coordination often is complicated because there is no single entry point to multiple systems of care, and complex criteria determine the availability of funding and services among public and private payers. Economic and sociocultural barriers to coordination of care exist and affect families and health care professionals. In their important role of providing a medical home for all children, primary care pediatricians have a vital role in the process of care coordination, in concert with the family. C1 Comm Children Disabil, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. Maternal & Child Hlth Bur, Rockville, MD USA. Amer Acad Phys Med Rehabil, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bethesda, MD USA. US Social Secur Adm, Washington, DC USA. US Dept Educ, Washington, DC USA. RP Ziring, PR (reprint author), Comm Children Disabil, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. NR 20 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1999 VL 104 IS 4 BP 978 EP 981 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 241WR UT WOS:000082907300036 PM 10506246 ER PT J AU Bull, M Agran, P Laraque, D Pollack, SH Smith, GA Spivak, HR Tenenbein, M Tully, SB Brenner, RA Bryn, S Neverman, C Schieber, RA Stanwick, R Tinsworth, D Tully, WP Garcia, V Katcher, ML AF Bull, M Agran, P Laraque, D Pollack, SH Smith, GA Spivak, HR Tenenbein, M Tully, SB Brenner, RA Bryn, S Neverman, C Schieber, RA Stanwick, R Tinsworth, D Tully, WP Garcia, V Katcher, ML CA Comm Injury Poison Prevention TI Safe transportation of newborns at hospital discharge SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article AB All hospitals should set policies that require the discharge of every newborn in a car safety seat that is appropriate for the infant's maturity and medical condition. Discharge policies for newborns should include a parent education component, regular review of educational materials, and periodic in-service education for responsible staff. Appropriate child restraint systems should become a benefit of coverage by Medicaid, managed care organizations, and other third-party insurers. C1 Comm Injury & Poison Prevent, Sect Surg, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD USA. Maternal & Child Hlth Bur, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, Washington, DC 20590 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bethesda, MD USA. Canadian Paediat Soc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Washington, DC USA. RP Bull, M (reprint author), Comm Injury & Poison Prevent, Sect Surg, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. NR 11 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1999 VL 104 IS 4 BP 986 EP 987 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 241WR UT WOS:000082907300038 PM 10506248 ER PT J AU Bull, M Agran, P Laraque, D Pollack, SH Smith, GA Spivak, HR Tenenbein, M Tully, SB Brenner, RA Bryn, S Neverman, C Schieber, RA Stanwick, R Tinsworth, D Tully, WP Garcia, V Katcher, ML AF Bull, M Agran, P Laraque, D Pollack, SH Smith, GA Spivak, HR Tenenbein, M Tully, SB Brenner, RA Bryn, S Neverman, C Schieber, RA Stanwick, R Tinsworth, D Tully, WP Garcia, V Katcher, ML CA Comm Injury Poison Prevention TI Transporting children with special health care needs SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID SEAT AB Children with special health care needs should have access to proper resources for safe transportation. This statement reviews important considerations for transporting children with special health care needs and provides current guidelines for the protection of children with specific health care needs, including those with a tracheostomy, a spica cast, challenging behaviors, or muscle tone abnormalities as well as those transported in wheelchairs. C1 Comm Injury & Poison Prevent, Sect Surg, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD USA. Maternal & Child Hlth Bur, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, Washington, DC 20590 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bethesda, MD USA. Canadian Pediat Soc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Washington, DC USA. RP Bull, M (reprint author), Comm Injury & Poison Prevent, Sect Surg, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1999 VL 104 IS 4 BP 988 EP 992 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 241WR UT WOS:000082907300039 PM 10506249 ER PT J AU Martin, R Wan, CK David, JP Wegner, EL Olson, BD Watson, D AF Martin, R Wan, CK David, JP Wegner, EL Olson, BD Watson, D TI Style of anger expression: Relation to expressivity, personality, and health SO PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Convention of the American-Psychological-Society CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Psychol Soc ID ELEVATED BLOOD-PRESSURE; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; 5-FACTOR MODEL; FAMILIAL DETERMINANTS; NEGATIVE AFFECT; TRAIT ANGER; HOSTILITY; SCALE; RISK; COMPLAINTS AB Three studies explored the associations among style of anger expression, emotional expressivity, Big Five personality traits, somatic complaints, and self-reported health behaviors among undergraduate and community-residing participants. Unlike measures of emotional expressivity, which tend to be most strongly related to Extraversion, anger-in and anger-out primarily were associated with Neuroticism and Agreeableness, respectively. Anger-in was positively related to somatic complaints bat failed to predict symptoms after controlling for Neuroticism. Anger-out was positively associated with both somatic complaints and self-reported health behaviors, even after controlling for Neuroticism and Agreeableness. Measures of emotional expressivity provided further information, regarding style of anger expression. Anger-in was associated with a general tendency to be emotionally inexpressive, whereas anger-out was more specifically related to the expression of angry emotions. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Psychol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Martin, R (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Psychol, 11 Seashore Hall E, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Watson, David/D-8129-2011 NR 46 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0146-1672 J9 PERS SOC PSYCHOL B JI Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1196 EP 1207 DI 10.1177/0146167299258002 PG 12 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 237MY UT WOS:000082661200002 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Ahmed, AA Helm, RF Panella, NA Maupin, GO Karchesy, JJ AF Zhou, L Ahmed, AA Helm, RF Panella, NA Maupin, GO Karchesy, JJ TI (+)-dihydromayurone from Juniperus occidentalis SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. El Minia Univ, Dept Chem, El Minia, Egypt. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Karchesy, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Helm, Richard/0000-0001-5317-0925 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 7 BP 680 EP 681 DI 10.1055/s-2006-960852 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 254WN UT WOS:000083635300028 PM 17260297 ER PT J AU Shaffer, N Chuachoowong, R Mock, PA Young, NL Neeyapun, K Jetsawang, B Naiwatanakul, T Mastro, TD Simonds, RJ AF Shaffer, N Chuachoowong, R Mock, PA Young, NL Neeyapun, K Jetsawang, B Naiwatanakul, T Mastro, TD Simonds, RJ CA Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HI TI The Bangkok short-course zidovudine trial to reduce perinatal HIV transmission: summary of findings and operational issues SO PRENATAL AND NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HIV; perinatal HIV transmission; zidovudine; Thailand AB Objective To summarize key results of the Bangkok short-course oral-zidovudine perinatal HIV intervention trial and operational issues relevant for implementation in developing countries. Methods In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, a regimen of one 300-mg zidovudine tablet taken twice daily from 36 weeks' gestation and every 3 h during labor was evaluated in HIV-infected pregnant women who ag reed not to breastfeed. The infant's HIV infection status was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Operational issues of adherence, tolerance and counselling were monitored. Results Between May 1996 and December 1997, 397 women were enrolled into the trial. Median antenatal treatment was 25 days and median number of labor doses was three. Adherence was high and the study drug was well tolerated. With zidovudine, the risk of transmission was reduced by 50% (9.4% vs. 18.9%; p = 0.006). Short-course zidovudine is now being implemented in operational programs in Thailand. Conclusions Short-course oral zidovudine is safe, well-tolerated and, in the absence of breastfeeding, can reduce perinatal HIV transmission by half. This regimen can prevent a large number of perinatal HIV infections in developing countries unable to implement the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 076 regimen. However, successful implementation requires antenatal care, routine HIV counselling and testing, and national and local support. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Med Serv, Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Rajavithi Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Shaffer, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-50,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP PI CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE LA6 2LA, ENGLAND SN 1359-8635 J9 PRENAT NEONAT MED JI Prenat. Neonatal Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 4 IS 5 BP 398 EP 404 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 263LG UT WOS:000084125700014 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Uhler, RJ Blackman, DK AF Coughlin, SS Uhler, RJ Blackman, DK TI Breast and cervical cancer screening practices among American Indian and Alaska native women in the United States, 1992-1997 SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE American Indians; breast cancer; cervical cancer; cancer prevention and control; Alaska Native; screening mammography; Pap tests ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; MAMMOGRAM SELF-REPORTS; NON-HISPANIC WHITES; PAP SMEAR; NEW-MEXICO; MORTALITY AB Background Recent studies suggest that American Indian and Alaska Native women have important barriers to cancer screening and underuse cancer screening tests. Methods. We examined the breast and cervical cancer screening practices of 4,961 American Indian and Alaska Native women in 47 states from 1992 through 1997 by using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results. About 65.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 60.2 to 69.9%] of women in this sample aged 50 years or older had received a mammogram in the past 2 years. About 82.6% (95% CI 80.1 to 85.2%) of women aged 18 years or older who had not undergone a hysterectomy had received a Papanicolaou test in the past 3 years. Older women and those with less education were less likely to be screened. Women who had seen a physician in the past year were much more likely to have been screened. Conclusions. These results underscore the need for continued efforts to ensure that American Indian and Alaska Native women who are elderly or medically underserved have access to cancer screening services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 29 IS 4 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1006/pmed.1999.0537 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 242JV UT WOS:000082938000008 PM 10547054 ER PT J AU Bobo, JK Dean, D Stovall, C Mendez, M Caplan, L AF Bobo, JK Dean, D Stovall, C Mendez, M Caplan, L TI Factors that may discourage annual mammography among low-income women with access to free mammograms: A study using multi-ethnic, multiracial focus groups SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; NATIONAL BREAST; CANCER; PERCEPTIONS; ATTITUDES; BARRIERS; PROGRAM AB Age-eligible women enrolled in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program can obtain free or low-cost mammograms annually, but many do not routinely complete rescreening. This study investigated the rescreening behavior of low-income women by conducting 8 focus groups in Texas with enrollees who had access to free mammograms. Concerns mentioned in the focus groups included fear of radiation, anxiety that the test might not find a cancer that was there, and worries that cancer might be detected. In all groups, some women mentioned the embarrassment, discomfort, or pain they experienced during a prior mammogram, although no one indicated they would refuse to have another mammogram because of these concerns. Findings highlight the useful insights that can be obtained from focus groups and underscore the need for more research on aspects of the experience of mammography that may affect rescreening. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bobo, JK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS PI MISSOULA PA P O BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 85 IS 2 BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.2466/PR0.85.6.405-416 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 260UJ UT WOS:000083971600009 PM 10611770 ER PT J AU Black, JB Pellett, PE AF Black, JB Pellett, PE TI Human herpesvirus 7 SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CD4(+) T-CELLS; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-7 HHV-7 DNA; CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; GLYCOPROTEIN-B; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; BLOOD-DONORS AB Human herpesvirus 7, reported in 1990 is a lymphotropic member of the betaherpesvirus subfamily of herpesviruses. The virus is highly seroprevalent, primary infection usually occurs during childhood, and it has been associated with cases of exanthem subitum, pityriasis rosea, neurological manifestations and transplant complications. The latter two may warrant antiviral intervention, in vitro studies have shown that HHV-7 is susceptible to several nucleoside phosphonate compounds. In vitro, the virus has approximately a 5 day growth cycle in cultured lymphocytes; in vivo, latency is established in peripheral blood T-cells and a persistent infection is established in salivary gland tissue from which infectious virus is constitutively shed in saliva. The HHV-7 genome is approximately 145 kb and encodes at least 84 different proteins. Studies characterising HHV-7 gene products and the required interactions between viral and cellular genes necessary for virus replication, persistence and latency are in their infancy. HHV-7 infection has a variety of effects on host cells including upregulation of interleukin 15 and down-modulation of the cell surface molecule CD4; the latter serves as the cellular membrane receptor for HHV-7. Since HIV also infects T-cells via the CD4 molecule, the interactions of these viruses within T-cells during the course of AIDS are important areas of investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Black, JB (reprint author), NCI, NIH, HIV & AIDS Malignancy Branch, 10 Ctr Dr,Bldg 10,Room 13N240, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 113 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1052-9276 J9 REV MED VIROL JI Rev. Med. Virol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 9 IS 4 BP 245 EP 262 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1654(199910/12)9:4<245::AID-RMV253>3.0.CO;2-I PG 18 WC Virology SC Virology GA 260KN UT WOS:000083948900006 PM 10578120 ER PT J AU Parker, KA Koumans, EH Hawkins, RV Massanga, M Somse, P Barker, K Moran, J AF Parker, KA Koumans, EH Hawkins, RV Massanga, M Somse, P Barker, K Moran, J TI Providing low-cost sexually transmitted diseases services in two semi-urban health centers in Central African Republic (CAR): Characteristics of patients and patterns of health care-seeking behavior SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RURAL TANZANIA; COMMUNITY TRIAL; RISK-FACTORS; HIV-1; PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION; MANAGEMENT; MALAWI AB Background: While treatment of symptomatic sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has been shown to reduce the incidence of HIV infection, there are few published reports describing the delivery of high quality STD care in Africa. Goal: To test the feasibility of providing comprehensive, affordable STD services through the existing primary care infrastructure. Design: STD treatment services using a syndromic approach were established in two semi-urban hospital outpatient departments (OPD) in Central African Republic (CAR). A dedicated paramedical provider took a clinical history, performed an examination, explained the diagnosis and the importance of referring partners, dispensed drugs, and offered partner referral vouchers. A fee-for-service system was used to resupply drugs initially purchased with project funds. Results: Of 9,552 visits by index patients and partners over a 28-month period starting in October 1993, 60% were made by women; of these women, 90% were symptomatic, 77% had "vaginal discharge," 70% "lower abdominal pain," and 7% "genital ulcer." Among men, 64% were symptomatic, 38% had "urethral discharge," and 14% "genital ulcer." Half of all symptomatic patients presented within I week of the onset of symptoms; 44% of men compared to 18% of women had sought care elsewhere before the clinic visit. The average cost per STD treated with recommended drugs was $3.90. Etiologic data from subpopulations in both sites suggest that a high proportion of patients was infected with an STD. Conclusions: Comprehensive yet affordable care for STDs in persons (and their partners) who recognize symptoms is feasible and should be widely implemented in primary care systems to prevent the spread and complications of STDs and HIV in Africa. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, CDC, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Publ Hlth & Social Affairs, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. John Snow Inc, CNIECS, Ctr Natl Informat Educ & Commun Sante, US Agcy Int Dev, Bamako, Mali. US Agcy Int Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Parker, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 26 IS 9 BP 508 EP 516 DI 10.1097/00007435-199910000-00005 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 244UF UT WOS:000083068600005 PM 10534204 ER PT J AU Ebrahim, SH Andrews, WW Zaidi, AA Levine, WC DuBard, MB Goldenberg, RL AF Ebrahim, SH Andrews, WW Zaidi, AA Levine, WC DuBard, MB Goldenberg, RL TI Syphilis, gonorrhoea, and drug abuse among pregnant women in Jefferson County, Alabama, US, 1980-94: monitoring trends through systematically collected health services data SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE drug abuse; sexually transmitted diseases; pregnancy; surveillance ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CRACK COCAINE; CHILDBEARING-AGE; ALCOHOL; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MARIJUANA; INFECTION; COMMUNITY; CLINICS AB Objective: To assess the association between self reported drug abuse and syphilis and gonorrhoea among pregnant women, Jefferson County, Alabama, United States, 1980-94. Study design: We analysed a prenatal care database and assessed the association of self reported drug use with seropositive syphilis and gonorrhoea using prevalence rates, multiple logistic regression models, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) for trends. Results: Overall, 5.5% of the women acknowledged drug abuse, 1.4% had seropositive syphilis, and 4.8% had gonorrhoea. In a multivariate analysis, drug abuse was associated with syphilis (odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.6, 5.3) but not with gonorrhoea. Trends in the annual prevalence of drug abuse closely paralleled trends in the annual prevalence of syphilis, including simultaneous peaks in 1992 (drug abuse, 9.1%; syphilis, 3.2%). There was no such parallel trend between drug abuse and gonorrhoea. Annual prevalence of drug abuse correlated with the prevalence of syphilis (r = 0.89, p = 0.001) more than with the prevalence of gonorrhoea (r = 0.45, p = 0.201). Conclusion: Among pregnant women, an increase in drug abuse was closely associated with an epidemic of syphilis, but not: of gonorrhoea. Systematically collected prenatal care data can usefully supplement surveillance of diseases and behavioural risk factors associated with them. C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Ebrahim, SH (reprint author), CDC, Mail Stop F-49,4770 Buford Hway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 75 IS 5 BP 300 EP 305 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 250RA UT WOS:000083400600008 PM 10616352 ER PT J AU De Rosa, CT Brown, D Dhara, R Garrett, W Hansen, H Holler, J Jones, D Jordan-Izaguirre, D O'Conner, R Pohl, H Xintaras, C AF De Rosa, CT Brown, D Dhara, R Garrett, W Hansen, H Holler, J Jones, D Jordan-Izaguirre, D O'Conner, R Pohl, H Xintaras, C TI Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in soil, Part I: ATSDR policy guideline SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE dioxin; human exposure; risk assessment; soil levels; TCDD; TEQs C1 US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP De Rosa, CT (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Mailstop E-29,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 6 BP 552 EP 557 DI 10.1177/074823379901500603 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 295BM UT WOS:000085946100003 PM 10560133 ER PT J AU De Rosa, CT Brown, D Dhara, R Garrett, W Hansen, H Holler, J Jones, D Jordan-Izaguirre, D O'Conner, R Pohl, H Xintaras, C AF De Rosa, CT Brown, D Dhara, R Garrett, W Hansen, H Holler, J Jones, D Jordan-Izaguirre, D O'Conner, R Pohl, H Xintaras, C TI Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in soil, Part II: technical support document for ATSDR policy guideline SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE dioxin; human exposure; risk assessment; soil levels; TCDD; TEQs ID CLINICAL LABORATORY MANIFESTATIONS; OPERATION RANCH HAND; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; GUINEA-PIGS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CANCER MORTALITY; THYROID-HORMONES; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; MANUFACTURING SITE; TRANSFORMER FLUID C1 US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP De Rosa, CT (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Mailstop E-29,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 103 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 6 BP 558 EP 576 DI 10.1177/074823379901500604 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 295BM UT WOS:000085946100004 PM 10560134 ER PT J AU Orton, S Liu, H Cable, R Grindon, A Williams, A AF Orton, S Liu, H Cable, R Grindon, A Williams, A TI Prevalence of circulating T-pallidum in STS plus /FTA-ABS plus blood donors SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Amer Red Cross, ARCNET Program, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 SU S BP 2S EP 2S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 247EK UT WOS:000083207500007 ER PT J AU Stankovic, AK Schalla, WO Blumer, SO Handsfield, JH AF Stankovic, AK Schalla, WO Blumer, SO Handsfield, JH TI CDC's model performance evaluation program: Analysis of HIV-1 antibody testing errors SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 SU S BP 119S EP 119S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 247EK UT WOS:000083207500567 ER PT J AU Finlayson, TJ Grindon, AJ Smart, R Clark, KA AF Finlayson, TJ Grindon, AJ Smart, R Clark, KA TI Reported motivations and privacy concerns of HIV positive persons donating blood for the first time: 1993-1998 SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Amer Red Cross, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, HIV Donor Study, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EDS, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 SU S BP 130S EP 130S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 247EK UT WOS:000083207500610 ER PT J AU Williams, HA Kachur, SP Nalwamba, NC Hightower, A Simoonga, C Mphande, PC AF Williams, HA Kachur, SP Nalwamba, NC Hightower, A Simoonga, C Mphande, PC TI A community perspective on the efficacy of malaria treatment options for children in Lundazi District, Zambia SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria; drug resistance; chloroquine; sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; Zambia; efficacy; perceptions ID AFRICA AB In 1996, Zambia's Ministry of Health made sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) available as a second-line antimalarial. SP differs from chloroquine (CQ) in ways that might affect parents' acceptance of the drug, resulting in possible delays in seeking treatment if parents perceive SP as less efficacious. A multifaceted study consisting of a rapid community ethnographic assessment to examine local attitudes and perceptions toward malaria, a 14-day in vivo drug efficacy study comparing clinical and parasitological efficacy of CQ, SP, and SP with paracetamol (PCM) in children under five, and a qualitative study examining caretakers' perceptions of drug efficacy helped to guide implementation of the new drug policy. The rapid ethnographic study indicated that the community was aware of malaria as an illness best treated with modern medicines, particularly CQ. The drug efficacy study demonstrated a 25% level of clinical failures compared to none with SP, and 30% of the children treated with CQ had either RIII or RII parasitological failures whereas none occurred in children treated with SP Most parents perceived that their children were improving and that the drugs were working. Parents in the SP groups were most pleased and readily accepted SP as a new drug. The addition of PCM did not improve perceptions of SP efficacy, contradicting conventional wisdom regarding the need for direct antipyretic action for parents to perceive a drug as efficacious. The combined results reflected a community that was in the beginning stages of evaluating a new malaria therapy mostly unknown to them. Perceptions of efficacy of CQ were beginning to shift, indicating a readiness for accepting anew drug based on its shown biological efficacy Parasitological and clinical failure rates reinforced the need to fully implement the changed national policy as soon as possible, and to consider a change in first-line therapy. C1 CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Epidemiol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Trop Dis Res Ctr, Ndola, Zambia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Data Management Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Lundazi Dist Hlth Management Team, Lundazi, Zambia. RP Williams, HA (reprint author), CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Epidemiol Sect, MS F-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD OCT PY 1999 VL 4 IS 10 BP 641 EP 652 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00471.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 249PY UT WOS:000083342500004 PM 10583897 ER PT J AU Kirkwood, CD Gentsch, JR Glass, RI AF Kirkwood, CD Gentsch, JR Glass, RI TI Sequence analysis of the NSP4 gene from human rotavirus strains isolated in the United States SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; NSP4; sequence analysis ID NONSTRUCTURAL GLYCOPROTEIN NSP4; GENOME REARRANGEMENTS; VP7 GENE; PROTEIN; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; REASSORTANT; NUCLEOTIDE; GENOGROUPS AB Two major and one minor genotype of the rotavirus NSP4 gene have been described. The sequences of 29 NSP4 genes from rotavirus isolates obtained in the United States during the 1996-1997 rotavirus season (types P[8]G1, P[8]G9, P[4]G2 and P[6]G9) and 10 strains isolated during previous rotavirus seasons (types P[8]G1 and P[4]G2) were determined. All NSP4 genes from strains with short E types (6 P[4]G2, 4 P[6]G9) belonged to genotype NSP4A, whereas all 19 strains with long E types (16 P[8]G1, 3 P[8]G9) had NSP4 genes of genotype NSP4B. Genetic variation within genotypes was low (less than or equal to 2.3% for both NSP4A and NSP4B), confirming that the NSP4 genes are highly conserved. Nonetheless, at least two distinct sub-lineages could be detected within each genotype: strains isolated in the same year, regardless of geographic location, were more closely related or even identical at the deduced amino acid level; strains isolated in different years were more distinct. Thus, geographic distance did not affect genetic distance. Northern hybridization analysis with NSP4A and NSP4B total gene probes failed to detect any unusual combinations of the VP6 and NSP4 genes in 31 additional isolates from the 1996-1997 rotavirus season. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kirkwood, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD OCT PY 1999 VL 19 IS 2 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1023/A:1008123123238 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 244NQ UT WOS:000083058000003 PM 10541015 ER PT J AU Meissner, JD Huang, CYH Pfeffer, M Kinney, RM AF Meissner, JD Huang, CYH Pfeffer, M Kinney, RM TI Sequencing of prototype viruses in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis antigenic complex SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alphavirus; VEE; nonstructural proteins; nucleotide sequence ID STRAND RNA VIRUSES; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN NSP2; SINDBIS-VIRUS; METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; VIRAL REPLICATION; DEFINED MUTATIONS AB The 5' nontranslated region (5'NTR) and nonstructural region nucleotide sequences of nine enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus strains were determined, thus completing the genomic RNA sequences of all prototype strains. The full-length genomes, representing VEE virus antigenic subtypes I-VI, range in size from 11.3 to 11.5 kilobases, with 48-53% overall G + C contents. Size disparities result from subtype-related differences in the number and length of direct repeats in the C-terminal nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3) domain coding sequence and the 3'NTR, while G + C content disparities are attributable to strain-specific variations in base composition at the wobble position of the polyprotein codons. Highly-conserved protein components and one nonconserved protein domain constitute the VEE virus replicase polyproteins. Approximately 80% of deduced nsP1 and nsP4 amino acid residues are invariant, compared to less than 20% of C-terminal nsP3 domain residues. In two enzootic strains, C-terminal nsP3 domain sequences degenerate into little more than repetitive serine-rich blocks. Nonstructural region sequence information drawn from a cross-section of VEE virus subtypes clarifies features of alphavirus conserved sequence elements and proteinase recognition signals. As well, whole-genome comparative analysis supports the reclassification of VEE subtype-variety IF and subtype II viruses. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Munich, Fac Vet, Inst Med Microbiol Epidem & Infect Dis, Munich, Germany. RP Meissner, JD (reprint author), Sequinox Labs, 751 Heinz Pkwy, Estes Pk, CO 80517 USA. NR 87 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 64 IS 1 BP 43 EP 59 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(99)00078-7 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA 246JX UT WOS:000083161600005 PM 10500282 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, AE Verastegui, M Noh, JC Gavidia, C Falcon, N Bernal, T Garcia, HH Tsang, VCW Gilman, RH Wilkins, PP AF Gonzalez, AE Verastegui, M Noh, JC Gavidia, C Falcon, N Bernal, T Garcia, HH Tsang, VCW Gilman, RH Wilkins, PP CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru TI Persistence of passively transferred antibodies in porcine Taenia solium cysticercosiss SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cysticercosis; Taenia solium; endemic diseases ID ASSAY; ANTIGENS; PIGS AB We evaluated the presence and persistence of anticysticercal antibodies in piglets born to Taenia solium infected sows. Infected sows from a disease-endemic area of Peru were transported to a nondisease-endemic area and impregnated, Serum samples were collected from sows and piglets on Day 2 through Week 35 after birth. Using an immunoblot specific for cysticercosis, Ig isotypes to 7 cyst antigens were measured and quantified. Serum samples from the piglets contained detectable antibodies from Week 1 through Week 35 (27 weeks after weaning). The primary Ig isotype present in bath sows and piglets was IgG. Antibodies did not appear in piglet serum samples until after suckling, demonstrating that anti-cysticercal antibodies are transferred solely via colostrum. Our data have shown that maternally transferred antibodies to cyst antigens may persist through much of a pig's life. Therefore, the presence of passively transferred antibodies must be considered in studies that examine the prevalence of cysticercosis in pigs, Furthermore, when designing control strategies for cysticercosis, careful evaluation and selection of sentinel pigs becomes a crucial component of sentinel selection. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Wilkins, PP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Gavidia, Cesar Miguel/0000-0003-3936-5077 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-U01-AI-35894-01] NR 10 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 30 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 2 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(99)00106-5 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 234TU UT WOS:000082501100004 PM 10496695 ER PT J AU Fekety, R Byrne, P Silva, J Joseph, R Miller, JM AF Fekety, R Byrne, P Silva, J Joseph, R Miller, JM TI The hunt for Clostridium difficile: 21-year follow-up of a stool specimen sent for culture SO LANCET LA English DT Article C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Deans Off, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anaerobe Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fekety, R (reprint author), 812 Berkshire Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 25 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9184 BP 1115 EP 1116 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)06064-X PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 239PA UT WOS:000082777500044 PM 10509517 ER PT J AU Yeskey, K AF Yeskey, K TI Health status of and intervention for US-bound Kosovar refugees - Fort Dix, New Jersey, May-July 1999 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Publ Hlth Serv, Off Emergency Preparedness, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yeskey, K (reprint author), Publ Hlth Serv, Off Emergency Preparedness, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 22 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 12 BP 1122 EP 1123 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 236JJ UT WOS:000082596200010 ER PT J AU Hunt, C Dionne, M Delorme, M Murdock, D Erdrich, A Wolsey, D Groom, A Cheek, J Jacobson, J Cunningham, B Shireley, L Belani, K Kurachek, S Ackerman, P Cameron, S Schlievert, P Pfeiffer, J Johnson, S Boxrud, D Bartkus, J Besser, J Smith, K LeDell, K O'Boyle, C Lynfield, R White, K Osterholm, M Moore, K Danila, R AF Hunt, C Dionne, M Delorme, M Murdock, D Erdrich, A Wolsey, D Groom, A Cheek, J Jacobson, J Cunningham, B Shireley, L Belani, K Kurachek, S Ackerman, P Cameron, S Schlievert, P Pfeiffer, J Johnson, S Boxrud, D Bartkus, J Besser, J Smith, K LeDell, K O'Boyle, C Lynfield, R White, K Osterholm, M Moore, K Danila, R CA EIS officers TI Four pediatric deaths from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - Minnesota and North Dakota, 1997-1999 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Indian Hlth Serv, Program Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Childrens Hosp & Clin, Minneapolis, MN USA. Fairview Univ, Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth Lab, Minneapolis, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hunt, C (reprint author), Indian Hlth Serv, Program Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 10 TC 301 Z9 307 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 22 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 12 BP 1123 EP 1125 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 236JJ UT WOS:000082596200011 ER PT J CA CDC TI Progress toward the elimination of tuberculosis - United States, 1998 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 22 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 12 BP 1125 EP 1126 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 236JJ UT WOS:000082596200012 ER PT J AU van der Werf, TS van der Graaf, WTA Tappero, JW Asiedu, K AF van der Werf, TS van der Graaf, WTA Tappero, JW Asiedu, K TI Mycobacterium ulcerans infection SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; REGION; TOXIN AB After tuberculosis and leprosy, Buruli-ulcer disease (caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans) is the third most common mycobacterial disease in immunocompetent people. Countries in which the disease is endemic have been identified, predominantly in areas of tropical rain forest; the emergence of Buruli-ulcer disease in West African countries over the past decade has been dramatic. Current evidence suggests that the infection is transmitted through abraded skin or mild traumatic injuries after contact with contaminated water, soil, or vegetation; there is one unconfirmed preliminary report on possible transmission by insects. The clinical picture ranges from a painless nodule to large, undermined ulcerative lesions that heal spontaneously but slowly. Most patients are children. The disease is accompanied by remarkably few systemic symptoms, but occasionally secondary infections resulting in sepsis or tetanus cause severe systemic disease and death. Extensive scarring can lead to contractures of the limbs, blindness, and other adverse sequelae, which impose a substantial health and economic burden. Treatment is still primarily surgical, and includes excision, skin grafting, or both. Although BCG has a mild but significant protective effect, new vaccine developments directed at the toxins produced by M ulcerans are warranted. In West Africa, affected populations are underprivileged, and the economic burden imposed by Buruli-ulcer disease is daunting. Combined efforts to improve treatment, prevention, control, and research strategies (overseen by the WHO and funded by international relief agencies) are urgently needed. C1 Univ Groningen Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Intens & Resp Care Unit, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Global buruli Ulcer Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP van der Werf, TS (reprint author), Univ Groningen Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Intens & Resp Care Unit, POB 30 001, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands. RI van der Graaf, Winette/A-5006-2014 NR 31 TC 155 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 8 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 18 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9183 BP 1013 EP 1018 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01156-3 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 236JG UT WOS:000082596000041 PM 10501380 ER PT J AU Oswald, GR Afansicv, NY Cegielski, JP Binkin, NJ AF Oswald, GR Afansicv, NY Cegielski, JP Binkin, NJ TI Tuberculosis in Russia SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Moscow 121099, Russia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Oswald, GR (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Novinsky Blvd 19-23, Moscow 121099, Russia. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 18 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9183 BP 1036 EP 1036 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)76647-2 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 236JG UT WOS:000082596000063 PM 10501397 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, CM Gunter, EW Miller, DT AF Pfeiffer, CM Gunter, EW Miller, DT TI Folic acid fortification SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID SERUM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1999 VL 341 IS 12 BP 923 EP 923 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 235XL UT WOS:000082569100028 PM 10498471 ER PT J AU Watkins, ML Erickson, JD Mulinare, J AF Watkins, ML Erickson, JD Mulinare, J TI Folic acid fortification SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Watkins, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1999 VL 341 IS 12 BP 923 EP 924 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 235XL UT WOS:000082569100029 PM 10498472 ER PT J AU Field, AE Byers, T Hunter, DJ Laird, NM Manson, JE Williamson, DF Willett, WC Colditz, GA AF Field, AE Byers, T Hunter, DJ Laird, NM Manson, JE Williamson, DF Willett, WC Colditz, GA TI Weight cycling, weight gain, and risk of hypertension in women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body weight; cardiovascular diseases; hypertension; obesity; weight gain; weight loss ID POPULATION-BASED SAMPLE; BODY-WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES; OLDER WOMEN; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; NUTRITIONAL FACTORS; VARIABILITY; QUESTIONNAIRE; MORTALITY; DISEASE AB To assess prospectively the relation between body mass index, weight gain, repeated intentional weight losses, and the risk of self-reported hypertension, the authors studied 46,224 women who were participants in the Nurses Health Study II, who were free of hypertension in 1993, and who completed questions on intentional weight losses between 1989 and 1993. Women who reported they had intentionally lost greater than or equal to 20 Ibs (9 kg) greater than or equal to 3 times were classified as severe weight cyclers. Women who had intentionally lost greater than or equal to 10 lbs (4.5 kg) greater than or equal to 3 times, but who did not meet the criteria for severe weight cycling, were classified as mild weight cyclers. Between 1993 and 1995, 1,107 incident cases of diagnosed hypertension were reported. Body mass index and weight gain, but not weight cycler status, were independently associated with the development of hypertension. For each 10 Ib (4.5 kg) gain in weight between 1989 and 1993, the risk of hypertension increased 20% (odds ratio (OR) = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15, 1.24). After adjustment for body mass index and weight gain, the risks associated with mild weight cycling (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.00, 1.33) and severe weight cycling (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.79, 1.61) were small and not significant. Thus, the results of this study offer support for the current weight guidelines and provide further evidence of the health risks associated with excessive weight and weight gain. However, these data do not suggest an independent effect of weight cycling on risk of hypertension. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Field, AE (reprint author), Channing Lab, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA50385-09]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 42600]; PHS HHS [S040-11/15] NR 35 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 6 BP 573 EP 579 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 236MA UT WOS:000082602300005 PM 10489996 ER PT J AU Mandelson, MT LaCroix, AZ Anderson, LA Nadel, MR Lee, NC AF Mandelson, MT LaCroix, AZ Anderson, LA Nadel, MR Lee, NC TI Comparison of self-reported fecal occult blood testing with automated laboratory records among older women in a health maintenance organization SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colorectal neoplasms; medical audit; occult blood; screening; validity ID PAP SMEAR HISTORIES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; ACCURACY; AGREEMENT; PHYSICIAN; BREAST; AUDIT AB Screening guidelines for colorectal cancer recommend annual fecal occult blood (FOB) testing for adults aged 50 years and older. Self-reported history of screening is frequently the sole source of data available to researchers and clinicians. This study validated FOE testing in a sample of 1,021 older women. Testing rates based on self-reported data exceeded rates based on computerized laboratory records by 13.9%, Agreement was moderate (kappa = 0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.47, 0.58). Sensitivity was 0.92 and specificity 0.58. Logistic regression analysis showed that older age and physician encouragement for FOE testing were associated with accurate recall (p < 0.05). Self-report is the most commonly available information about the occurrence and timing of cancer detection procedures. These data suggest cautious use of self-reported screening by FOE for clinical decision making and for research and surveillance. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mandelson, MT (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat, Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA71869] NR 23 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 6 BP 617 EP 621 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 236MA UT WOS:000082602300010 PM 10490001 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS AF Freedman, DS TI Relation of cigarette smoking to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among middle-aged men - The first author replies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 6 BP 662 EP 662 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 236MA UT WOS:000082602300016 ER PT J AU Baughman, AL AF Baughman, AL TI Re: "Invited commentary: What can we infer from author order in epidemiology?" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Baughman, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 6 BP 663 EP 663 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 236MA UT WOS:000082602300017 PM 10490007 ER PT J CA Nat Ctr Environm Hlth Natl Ctr Hlth Stat Natl Ctr Infect Dis TI Control of infectious diseases, 1900-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 621-629, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 11 BP 1029 EP 1032 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 234YQ UT WOS:000082512300012 ER PT J AU Hengel, RL Jones, BM Kennedy, MS Hubbard, MR McDougal, JS AF Hengel, RL Jones, BM Kennedy, MS Hubbard, MR McDougal, JS TI Markers of lymphocyte homing distinguish CD4 T cell subsets that turn over in response to HIV-1 infection in humans SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; LIFE-SPAN; SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN; VIRAL REPLICATION; HUMAN RETROVIRUS; MEMORY CELLS; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; TYPE-1 AB In HIV-1 infection, the abrupt rise in CD4 T cells after effective antiretroviral therapy has been viewed as a measure of HIV-treated CD4 T cell turnover in the steady state. The early (2-4 wk) response is reportedly dominated by CD4 T cells with a memory (CD45RO) phenotype, It is controversial whether the measurement of steady-state kinetics identifies cells that otherwise would have been recruited into a short-lived, virus-producing pool or reflects lymphoid redistribution/sequestration. We performed detailed phenotypic and kinetic analysis of CD4 T cell subsets in 14 patients. Turnover occurs in memory (CD45RO) as well as naive (CD45RA) cells, if the latter are present at baseline, Most of the turnover occurs in those memory (CD45RO) and naive (CD45RA) cells that are programmed for recirculation through lymphoid organs (CD62L(+) and CD44(low)), whereas very little turnover occurs in memory cells (CD45RO) destined for recirculation from blood to tissue (CD62L(-) and CD44(high)). Turnover occurs in both activated (CD25(+) and HLA-DR+) and nonactivated populations, although it is restricted to CD38-positive cells, indicating that turnover does not measure cells that are already infected. More likely, turnover occurs in cells that replace infected cells or are on their way to becoming infected. Taken together, markers of lymphocyte trafficking better describe cell turnover related to virus replication than do naive and memory markers per se, and lymph organs, not tissue-destined cells or peripheral blood cells, appear to be the important site of virus replication and CD4 T cell turnover, destruction, and redistribution. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Hiv Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP McDougal, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Hiv Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1-1202 A25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 56 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 163 IS 6 BP 3539 EP 3548 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 235QH UT WOS:000082553700071 PM 10477629 ER PT J AU Calain, P Monroe, MC Nichol, ST AF Calain, P Monroe, MC Nichol, ST TI Ebola virus defective interfering particles and persistent infection SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; MARBURG-VIRUS; RNA REPLICATION; MESSENGER-RNA; SENDAI VIRUS; CLONED CDNA; PARAMYXOVIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN; EXPRESSION; GENOME AB Ebola virus (Zaire subtype) is associated with high mortality disease outbreaks that commonly involve human to human transmission. Surviving patients can show evidence of prolonged virus persistence. The potential for Ebola virus to generate defective interfering (DI) particles and establish persistent: infections in tissue culture was investigated. It was found that serial undiluted virus passages quickly resulted in production of an evolving population of virus minireplicons possessing both deletion and copyback type DI genome rearrangements. The tenth undiluted virus passage resulted in the establishment of virus persistently infected cell lines. Following one or two crises, these cells were stably maintained for several months with continuous shedding of infectious virus. An analysis of the estimated genome lengths of a selected set of the Ebola virus minireplicons and standard filoviruses revealed no obvious genome length rule, such as "the rule of six" found for the phylogenetically related Paramyxovirinae subfamily viruses. Minimal promoters for Ebola virus replication were found to be contained within 156 and 177 nucleotide regions of the genomic and antigenomic RNA 3' termini, respectively, based on the length of authentic termini retained in the naturally occurring minireplicons analyzed. In addition, using UV-irradiated preparations of virus released from persistently infected cells, it was demonstrated that Ebola virus DI particles could potentially be used as natural minireplicons to assay standard virus support functions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G14,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM stn1@cdc.gov NR 62 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 262 IS 1 BP 114 EP 128 DI 10.1006/viro.1999.9915 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 240DY UT WOS:000082811700012 PM 10489346 ER PT J AU Lawrence, JM Petitti, DB Watkins, M Umekubo, MA AF Lawrence, JM Petitti, DB Watkins, M Umekubo, MA TI Trends in serum folate after food fortification SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB From 1994 to 1998, median serum folate values in clinical specimens increased from 12.6 to 18.7 mu g/L. The percentage of low values decreased. Food fortification with folic acid is a likely explanation. C1 Kaiser Permanente, Dept Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Reg Endocrinol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Dev Disabil Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lawrence, JM (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Dept Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. NR 3 TC 159 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 11 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9182 BP 915 EP 916 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03227-4 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 234YK UT WOS:000082511800016 PM 10489953 ER PT J AU McNaghten, AD Hanson, DL Jones, JL Dworkin, MS Ward, JW AF McNaghten, AD Hanson, DL Jones, JL Dworkin, MS Ward, JW CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum Dis Grp TI Effects of antiretroviral therapy and opportunistic illness primary chemoprophylaxis on survival after AIDS diagnosis SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral; survival; chemoprophylaxis; combination therapy ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; CLINICAL-TRIALS-GROUP; CD4 CELL COUNTS; TOXOPLASMIC ENCEPHALITIS; AEROSOLIZED PENTAMIDINE; COMBINATION THERAPY; CUBIC MILLIMETER AB Objective: To examine the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and opportunistic illness chemoprophylaxis on the survival of persons with AIDS and survival time based on year of AIDS diagnosis. Design: Longitudinal medical record review. Setting: Ninety-three hospitals and clinics in nine cities in the USA. Patients: We observed 19 565 persons with AIDS from 1990 through January 1998. Interventions: Prescribed use of antiretroviral monotherapy, dual- and triple-combination therapies, primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Mycobacterium avium complex, and pneumococcal vaccine. Main outcome measures: Time from AIDS diagnosis to death in the presence and absence of ART. Survival curves were compared of AIDS cases diagnosed during 1990-1992 and 1993-1995. Results: Triple ART had the greatest effect on the risk of death [relative risk (RR), 0.15; 95% confidence limit (CL), 0.12, 0.17], followed by dual ART (RR, 0.24; 95% CL, 0.22, 0.26), and monotherapy (RR, 0.38; 95% CL, 0.36, 0.40). Risk of death was decreased among persons receiving Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis (RR, 0.79; 95% CL, 0.70, 0.89) and Mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis (RR, 0.76; 95% CL, 0.68, 0.86). Median survival increased from 31 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 30-32 months] for AIDS cases diagnosed during 1990-1992 to 35 months (95% CI, 35-38 months) for cases diagnosed during 1993-1995. Conclusions: The risk of death was decreased for persons receiving triple ART compared with persons receiving dual therapy and persons receiving monotherapy. Increased use of ART and improved ART regimens probably contributed to prolonged survival of persons whose diagnosis was made during 1993-1995 compared with persons whose diagnosis was made during 1990-1992. (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNaghten, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 51 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 10 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 13 BP 1687 EP 1695 DI 10.1097/00002030-199909100-00012 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 236NF UT WOS:000082604900012 PM 10509570 ER PT J AU Varghese, B Peterman, TA Holtgrave, DR AF Varghese, B Peterman, TA Holtgrave, DR TI Cost-effectiveness of counseling and testing and partner notification: a decision analysis SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention programs; counseling and testing; partner notification; cost-effectiveness ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; HIV; INFECTION; EXPERIENCE; COLORADO; CAROLINA AB Objective: Counseling and testing and partner notification are effective HIV prevention strategies, but they can be resource intensive. This paper evaluates the cost-effectiveness of partner notification and counseling and testing offered in HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in preventing future HIV infections in the United States of America. Methods: Decision trees were developed From both societal and provider perspectives. The counseling and testing and partner notification models incorporate estimates of HIV prevalence, return rates for counseling, risk of HIV transmission within 1 year, and the effectiveness of counseling. Cost estimates for counseling and testing and partner notification programs and lifetime treatment cost of HIV for the United States of America were obtained from published literature. Extensive sensitivity analyses of model parameters were conducted. Results: For a cohort of 10 000 individuals at a clinic with an HIV seroprevalence of 1.5%, we estimate that counseling and testing prevents eight HIV infections and saves society almost $1 000 000, We estimate that partner notification for the 113 infected persons identified by counseling and testing, prevents another 1.2 HIV infections and saves an additional $181 000. To the provider (HIV and STD clinics), this translates to a cost of $32 000 per case prevented by counseling and testing and an additional $28 000 for partner notification. Model results are most sensitive to assumptions of HIV prevalence, risk of transmission, and treatment cost of HIV. Conclusions: Counseling and testing and partner notification are cost effective in preventing HIV transmission in this setting. This model can be adapted to assess the cost-effectiveness of counseling and testing and partner notification in other settings. 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Varghese, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, MSE-46,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 10 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 13 BP 1745 EP 1751 DI 10.1097/00002030-199909100-00019 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 236NF UT WOS:000082604900019 PM 10509577 ER PT J AU Miralles, R Gerrish, PJ Moya, A Elena, SF AF Miralles, R Gerrish, PJ Moya, A Elena, SF TI Clonal interference and the evolution of RNA viruses SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS MUTATION; FITNESS; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; RATES AB In asexual populations, beneficial mutations that occur in different lineages compete with one another. This phenomenon, known as clonal interference, ensures that those beneficial mutations that do achieve fixation are of Large effect. Clonal interference also increases the time between fixations, thereby stowing the adaptation of asexual populations. The effects of clonal interference were measured in the asexual RNA virus vesicular stomatitis virus; rates and average effects of beneficial mutations were quantified. C1 Univ Valencia, Inst Cavanilles Biodiversitat & Biol Evolut, Valencia 46071, Spain. Univ Valencia, Dept Genet, Valencia 46071, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Elena, SF (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Inst Cavanilles Biodiversitat & Biol Evolut, Apartado 22085, Valencia 46071, Spain. RI Moya, Andres/A-8190-2008; Elena, Santiago/A-4191-2011; OI Moya, Andres/0000-0002-2867-1119; Elena, Santiago/0000-0001-8249-5593; Gerrish, Philip/0000-0001-6393-0553 NR 23 TC 174 Z9 175 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 10 PY 1999 VL 285 IS 5434 BP 1745 EP 1747 DI 10.1126/science.285.5434.1745 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 234EY UT WOS:000082472600038 PM 10481012 ER PT J AU Belay, ED AF Belay, ED TI Reye's syndrome - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Belay, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 9 PY 1999 VL 341 IS 11 BP 846 EP 846 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 235GM UT WOS:000082534000014 ER PT J AU Stepak, P Roberts, MC Goldoft, M Kobayashi, J AF Stepak, P Roberts, MC Goldoft, M Kobayashi, J TI Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for investigation of a cluster of invasive group A Streptococcal illness - Spokane, Washington, 1999 (reprinted from MMWR, vol. 48, pg 681-683, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Br, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, ACt Bacterial Core Surveillance Emergence Infect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stepak, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 8 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 10 BP 934 EP 935 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 231XD UT WOS:000082335900012 ER PT J CA CDC TI Cigarette smoking among high school students-11 states, 1991-1997 (reprinted from MMWR, vol. 48, pg. 686-692, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 8 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 10 BP 935 EP 936 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 231XD UT WOS:000082335900013 ER PT J AU Thurman, D Guerrero, J AF Thurman, D Guerrero, J TI Trends in hospitalization associated with traumatic brain injury SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PROSPECTIVE-PAYMENT SYSTEM; HEAD-INJURY; ACCURACY AB Context Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with more than 50 000 deaths in the United States each year, and recent observations suggest a substantial decline in TBI-related hospitalizations and deaths. Objective To analyze long-term trends in TBI-related hospitalization in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants Analysis of existing data from 1980 through 1995 from the National Hospital Discharge Survey, an annual survey representing the US general population. The number of participating hospitals ranged from 400 to 494. Main Outcome Measures Annual rates of TBI-related hospitalization, stratified by age, sex, severity of injury, and outcome. Results The annual number of TBI cases identified from the sample during the study : period ranged from 1611 to 3129. Overall rates of hospitalization for TBI declined an estimated 51 %, from 199 to 98 per 100 000 per year. When analyzed by severity of injury, mild TBIs declined most during this period, from 130 to 51 hospitalizations per 100 000 per year (61 % decline; P<.001 compared with intermediate and severe TBI); The decline was greatest among those aged 5-14 years (-66%) and least among those. aged 65 years or older (-9%). The ratio of male to female rates showed little variation during the study period (ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-2.0), as did the in-hospital mortality rate (mean, 5.3 per 100 000; 95% CI, 3.6-7.1). Conclusions Changes in hospital practices may be a major factor in the declining rates of TBI-related hospital admissions. These practices increasingly appear to exclude persons with less severe TBI from hospital admission and shift: their care to outpatient settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Thurman, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop F-41,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Thurman, David/0000-0002-0533-7062 NR 24 TC 329 Z9 336 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 8 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 10 BP 954 EP 957 DI 10.1001/jama.282.10.954 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 231XD UT WOS:000082335900033 PM 10485680 ER PT J AU Selhub, J Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Rogers, G Bowman, BA Gunter, EW Wright, JD Johnson, CL AF Selhub, J Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Rogers, G Bowman, BA Gunter, EW Wright, JD Johnson, CL TI Serum total homocysteine concentrations in the third national health and nutrition examination survey (1991-1994): Population reference ranges and contribution of vitamin status to high serum concentrations SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLIC-ACID; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; REFERENCE INTERVALS; METHYLMALONIC ACID; ELDERLY POPULATION; VASCULAR-DISEASE; BRITISH MEN; RISK; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA AB Background: The concentration of circulating total homocysteine is a sensitive marker of inadequate folate and vitamin B-12 status. Elevated homocysteine concentrations are associated with an increased risk for vascular disease. Objective: To identify reference ranges for serum total homocysteine concentration in U.S. residents and quantify the contribution of circulating vitamin concentrations to high homocysteine concentrations. Design: Cross-sectional prevalence study. Setting: United States. Patients: A nationally representative sample of 3563 male participants and 4523 female participants 12 years of age or older who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Measurements: Reference ranges (5th and 95th percentiles) for the total homocysteine concentration were defined among participants who were folate- and vitamin B-12-replete and had normal creatinine concentrations. A high total homocysteine concentration was defined as one that exceeded the sex-specific 95th percentile for the reference sample (participants 20 to 39 years of age). The population attributable risk percentage was calculated to determine the contribution of low folate (<11 nmol/L) and vitamin B-12 (<185 pmol/L) concentrations to a high homocysteine concentration. Results: Reference ranges for serum total homocysteine concentration increased with age; these ranges were 4.3 to 9.9 mu mol/L for male participants and 3.3 to 7.2 mu mol/L for female participants 12 to 19 years of age and from 5.9 to 15.3 mu mol/L for men and 4.9 to 11.6 mu mol/L for women 60 years of age or older. A high homocysteine concentration was defined as at least 11.4 mu mol/L for male participants and at least 10.4 mu mol/L for female participants. Approximately two thirds of the cases of high homocysteine concentrations were associated with low vitamin concentrations. Conclusions: Upper reference limits for the serum total homocysteine concentration increased with age and were higher for male participants than for female participants at all ages. In most cases, high homocysteine concentrations were associated with low serum vitamin concentrations. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL52630] NR 41 TC 269 Z9 279 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 7 PY 1999 VL 131 IS 5 BP 331 EP + PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 234AC UT WOS:000082458500002 PM 10475885 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI Cookson, ST McArthur, MA Boyer, CL McGeer, AJ Jarvis, WR AF Tokars, JI Cookson, ST McArthur, MA Boyer, CL McGeer, AJ Jarvis, WR TI Prospective evaluation of risk factors for bloodstream infection in patients receiving home infusion therapy SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; INSERTED CENTRAL CATHETERS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; ACCESS DEVICES; VENOUS ACCESS; RECIPIENTS; POPULATION; PREVENTION; SYSTEM; CANCER AB Background: Intravenous therapy in the outpatient and home settings is commonplace for many diseases and nutritional disorders. Few data are available on the rate of and risk factors for bloodstream infection among patients receiving such therapy. Objective: To determine rates of and risk factors for bloodstream infection among patients receiving home infusion therapy. Design: Prospective, observational cohort study. Setting: Cleveland, Ohio, and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Patients: Patients receiving home infusion therapy through a central or midline catheter. Measurements: Primary laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection. Results: Among 827 patients (988 catheters), the most common diagnoses were infections other than HIV (67%), cancer (24%), nutritional and digestive disease (17%), heart disease (14%), receipt of bone marrow or solid organ transplants (11%), and HIV infection (7%). Sixty-nine bloodstream infections occurred during 69 532 catheter-days (0.99 infections per 1000 days). In a Cox regression model with time-dependent covariates, independent risk factors for bloodstream infection were recent receipt of a bone marrow transplant (hazard ratio, 5.8 [95% CI, 3.0 to 11.3]), receipt of total parenteral nutrition (hazard ratio, 4.1 [CI, 2.3 to 7.2]), receipt of therapy outside the home (for example, in an outpatient clinic or physician's office) (hazard ratio, 3.6 [CI, 2.2 to 5.9]), use of a multilumen catheter (hazard ratio, 2.8 [CI, 1.7 to 4.7]), and previous bloodstream infection (hazard ratio, 2.5 [CI, 1.5 to 4.2]). Rates of bloodstream infection per 1000 catheter-days varied from 0.16 for patients with none of these 5 risk factors to 6.77 for patients with 3 or more risk factors. Centrally inserted venous catheters were associated with a higher risk than implanted ports were, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Bloodstream infections seem to be infrequent among outpatients receiving infusions through central and midline catheters. However, the rate of infection increases with bone marrow transplantation, parenteral nutrition, infusion therapy in a hospital clinic or physician's office, and use of multilumen catheters. Compared with implanted ports or peripherally inserted catheters, centrally inserted venous catheters may confer greater risk for bloodstream infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Princess Margaret Hosp, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 24 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 7 PY 1999 VL 131 IS 5 BP 340 EP + PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 234AC UT WOS:000082458500003 PM 10475886 ER PT J AU Marseille, E Kahn, JG Mmiro, F Guay, L Musoke, P Fowler, MG Jackson, JB AF Marseille, E Kahn, JG Mmiro, F Guay, L Musoke, P Fowler, MG Jackson, JB TI Cost effectiveness of single-dose nevirapine regimen for mothers and babies to decrease vertical HIV-1 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; CONDOM USE; TYPE-1; INFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; ZIDOVUDINE; COUPLES; ZAIRE AB Background Identification of economical interventions to decrease HIV-1 transmission to children is an urgent public-health priority in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the cost effectiveness of the HIVNET 012 nevirapine regimen. Methods We assessed cost effectiveness in a hypothetical cohort of 20 000 pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Our main outcome measures were programme cost, paediatric HIV-1 cases averted, cost per case averted, and cost per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY). We compared HIVNET 012 with other short-course antiretroviral regimens. We also compared two implementation strategies: counselling and HIV-1 testing before treatment (targeted treatment), or nevirapine for all pregnant women (universal treatment, no counselling and testing). We did univariate and multivariate sensitivity analyses. Findings For universal treatment with 30% HIV-1 seroprevalence, the HIVNET 012 regimen would avert 603 cases of HIV-1 in babies, cost US$83 333, and generate 15 862 DALYs. The associated cost-effectiveness ratios were $138 per case averted or $5.25 per DALY. At 15% seroprevalence, the universal treatment option would cost $83 333 and avert 302 cases at $276 per case averted or $10.51 per DALY. For targeted treatment at 30% seroprevalence, HIVNET 012 would cost $141 922 and avert 476 cases at $298 per case averted or $11.29 per DALY. With seroprevalence higher than 3.0% for universal and 4.5% for targeted treatment, the HIVNET 012 regimen was likely to be as cost effective as other public-health interventions. The cost effectiveness of HIVNET 012 was robust under a wide range of parameters in the sensitivity analysis. Interpretation The HIVNET 012 regimen can be highly cost-effective in high seroprevalence settings. In lower seroprevalence areas, when multidose regimens are not cost effective, nevirapine therapy could have a major public-health impact at a reasonable cost. C1 Hlth Strategies Int, Orinda, CA 94563 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, AIDS Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Makerere Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Kampala, Uganda. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Makerere Univ, Dept Paediat, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Marseille, E (reprint author), Hlth Strategies Int, 2 Madrone Pl, Orinda, CA 94563 USA. FU PHS HHS [N01/A1-35173, T32 M.H18261] NR 38 TC 192 Z9 194 U1 0 U2 11 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 4 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9181 BP 803 EP 809 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 232ZH UT WOS:000082400700008 PM 10485721 ER PT J AU Vazquez-Rosales, G Lerma, JGG Yamamoto, S Switzer, WM Havlir, D Folks, TM Richman, DD Heneine, W AF Vazquez-Rosales, G Lerma, JGG Yamamoto, S Switzer, WM Havlir, D Folks, TM Richman, DD Heneine, W TI Rapid screening of phenotypic resistance to nevirapine by direct analysis of HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase activity in plasma SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NONNUCLEOSIDE INHIBITORS; DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY; COMBINATION THERAPY; INFECTED PATIENTS; DOUBLE-BLIND; ZIDOVUDINE; REPLICATION; DIDANOSINE; ASSAY AB Drug susceptibility testing for the clinical management of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected persons is often curtailed because such testing is expensive and time consuming. We describe a nonculture-based phenotypic assay for the rapid analysis of HIV-1 resistance to nevirapine, The assay measures the susceptibility of plasma reverse transcriptase (RT) activity to inhibition by nevirapine by using the PCR-based Amp-RT assay, Assay validation was made using two reference wild-type (WT) and six other nevirapine-resistant (>100-fold) HIV-1 isolates. Amp-RT IC50 values were found to correlate with those obtained by a conventional replication-based assay. The results also indicated that 50 mu M nevirapine can be used in a single screening test to detect nevirapine resistance. Analysis of virus mixtures showed a detection threshold of 10% of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 in a background of WT virus. To evaluate the assay on clinical samples, 30 plasma specimens collected longitudinally from ii patients before and after treatment with nevirapine were analyzed, and results were compared with codon 181 genotypes, Pretreatment samples and those obtained during the first 6 days of therapy (n = 21) were sensitive to nevirapine, and none had detectable Y181C mutation. Phenotypic resistance was seen in eight samples obtained after 1 week of treatment and was correlated with detection of the Y181C mutation, An increase in the level of phenotypic resistance was seen over time. These data validate this rapid and simple assay for monitoring phenotypic resistance to nevirapine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch MS G19, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol & Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch MS G19, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [2P30 AI 36214-06] NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 13 BP 1191 EP 1200 DI 10.1089/088922299310287 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 231DK UT WOS:000082292700006 PM 10480632 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Weiss, SH Qari, SH Rudolph, D Zhao, CX Denny, TN Hodge, T Lal, RB AF Xiao, LH Weiss, SH Qari, SH Rudolph, D Zhao, CX Denny, TN Hodge, T Lal, RB TI Partial resistance to infection by R5X4 primary HIV type 1 isolates in an exposed-uninfected individual homozygous for CCR5 32-base pair deletion SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; SUPPRESSIVE FACTORS; VIRUS-REPLICATION; EOTAXIN RECEPTOR; CORECEPTOR USAGE; CHEMOKINE; ENTRY; CLONING; MIP-1-ALPHA; LESTR/FUSIN AB It is known that certain individuals remain persistently seronegative despite repeated exposure to HIV-1, Studies have shown that some exposed uninfected (EU) individuals who are homozygous for a 32-bp deletion in the CCR5 gene are resistant to infection with non-syncytium-inducing (R5) viruses, In the present investigation, we provide evidence that a highly exposed-uninfected individual with the CCR5 32-bp deletion (EU Delta 32-1) also has partial resistance to syncytium-inducing (R5X4) HIV-1 viruses, when compared with unexposed-uninfected individuals with (UU Delta 32-1 and UU Delta 32-2) and without (UU-1 and UU-2) the 32-bp deletion. The partial resistance of EU cells was due neither to altered coreceptor expression, nor to specific mutation or deletion in the coding region of chemokine coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR3. While SDF-1, the ligand for CXCR4, blocked entry of R5X4 viruses to a similar extent in EU Delta 32 and UU Delta 32, there was a differential production of soluble factors by EU Delta 32. Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells from EU Delta 32-1 produced soluble factors that efficiently suppressed infection by HIV-1 R5X4 viruses when compared with supernatant from UU Delta 32. These data provide evidence that additional soluble factors are involved in resistance to infection with R5X4 viruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07107 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Immunol Branch, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lal, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop D-12,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 13 BP 1201 EP 1208 DI 10.1089/088922299310296 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 231DK UT WOS:000082292700007 PM 10480633 ER PT J AU Coffey, CC Campbell, DL Zhuang, ZQ AF Coffey, CC Campbell, DL Zhuang, ZQ TI Simulated workplace performance of N95 respirators SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fit-test; N95 respirator; pass/fail criterion; total penetration AB During July 1995 the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) began to certify nine new classes of particulate respirators. To determine the level of performance of these respirators, NIOSH researchers conducted a study to (1) measure the simulated workplace performance of 21 N95 respirator models, (2) determine whether fit-testing affected the performance, and (3) investigate the effect of varying fit-test pass/fail criteria on respirator performance. The performance of each respirator model was measured by conducting 100 total penetration tests. The performance of each respirator model was then estimated by determining the 95th percentile of the total penetration through the respirator (i.e., 95% of wearers of that respirator can expect to have a total penetration value below the 95th percentile penetration value). The 95th percentile of total penetrations for each respirator without fit-testing ranged from 6 to 88%. The 95th percentile of total penetrations for all the respirators combined was 33%, which exceeds the amount of total penetration (10%) normally expected of a half-mask respirator. When a surrogate fit test (1% criterion) was applied to the data, the 95th percentile of total penetrations for each respirator decreased to 1 to 16%. The 95th percentile of total penetrations for all the respirators combined was only 4%. Therefore, fit-testing of N95 respirators is necessary to ensure that the user receives the expected level of protection. The study also found that respirator performance was dependent on the value of the pass/fail criterion used in the surrogate fit-test. C1 NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Coffey, CC (reprint author), NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Coffey, Christopher/I-2471-2012; Zhuang, Ziqing/K-5462-2012 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 BP 618 EP 624 DI 10.1080/00028899908984481 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 243PU UT WOS:000083007100008 PM 10529991 ER PT J AU Feng, HA Schlecht, P AF Feng, HA Schlecht, P TI Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH, HHS, PHS,Analyt Res & Dev Branch, CDC,Robert A Taft Labs,Div Phys Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RP Feng, HA (reprint author), NIOSH, HHS, PHS,Analyt Res & Dev Branch, CDC,Robert A Taft Labs,Div Phys Sci & Engn, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS-R8, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 BP 690 EP 691 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 243PU UT WOS:000083007100020 ER PT J AU O'Broin, SD Gunter, EW AF O'Broin, SD Gunter, EW TI Screening of folate status with use of dried blood spots on filter paper SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dried blood spot; DBS; red cell folate; erythrocyte folate; hemoglobin concentration; folate concentration; stability; field studies; hemoglobin folate ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WHOLE-BLOOD; PHENYLALANINE; SERUM; ASSAY AB Background: Dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper have been a successful and economical matrix for neonatal screening. Objective: Our objective was to develop and evaluate an optimized method for DBS folate analysis and to assess DBS folate stability. Design: DBS were eluted from paper by sonication in 5 g ascorbic acid/L containing 0.1% (by vol) Triton X-100 and hemoglobin folate values (HF; as pmol/g) were calculated from DBS eluate folate and hemoglobin concentrations. Results: Over 95% of DBS folate was eluted during a standardized sonication cycle and DBS folate assay reproducibility was acceptable both within (CV: < 8%) and between (CV: < 9%) runs. HF means (+/- 1 SD) from finger-stick DBS and conventional venous methods were 2513 +/- 1144 and 2607 +/- 1195 pmol/g, respectively, in blood samples taken concurrently from 80 donors, and they correlated well (r = 0.97, P < 0.001). HF values and erythrocyte folate measures may be interconverted by using the mean cell hemoglobin concentration. Conclusion: The DBS matrix has potential as an inexpensive and practical option for folate screening studies. C1 St James Hosp, Dept Haematol, Dublin 8, Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Broin, SD (reprint author), St James Hosp, Dept Haematol, Dublin 8, Ireland. NR 26 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 70 IS 3 BP 359 EP 367 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 231WM UT WOS:000082334500009 PM 10479198 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ Sowell, AL Wong, M AF Burri, BJ Sowell, AL Wong, M TI Influence of carotenoid depletion and repletion on serum carotenoid and vitamin A concentrations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, PWA, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 70 IS 3 SU S BP 626S EP 626S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 233DU UT WOS:000082410900045 ER PT J AU Cole, GE AF Cole, GE TI Advancing the development and application of theory-based evaluation in the practice of public health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EVALUATION LA English DT Article AB Early proponents of theory-based evaluation have provided strong reasoning for this approach. Still, tools are needed for implementing it in practice. This paper helps fill the gap by providing strategies for constructing theories. Illustrations are given in the area of public health. The suggested techniques are designed to systematize and bring objectivity to the process of theory construction. Also introduced is a framework that illustrates different levels, and processes within each level, that should be considered when constructing program theories. The framework is valuable for theory-based discrepancy evaluation, the essence of which is to determine the extent of discrepancy that exists between the expected theory, as constructed using the tools introduced here, and what is actually observed in the evaluation. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Hlth Commun, Off Commun, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cole, GE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Hlth Commun, Off Commun, Off Director, Mailstop D-42,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1098-2140 J9 AM J EVAL JI Am. J. Eval. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 453 EP 470 DI 10.1177/109821409902000305 PG 18 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 280XN UT WOS:000085129200006 ER PT J AU Fors, SW Crepaz, N Hayes, DM AF Fors, SW Crepaz, N Hayes, DM TI Key factors that protect against health risks in youth: Further evidence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENT AB Objective: To test the consistency of the findings from the Add Health project that are related to the primary protective / risk factors in adolescents. Methods: Statistical analysis strategies that were similar to the Add Health project were applied to data collected from a representative sample of high school students in a suburban district in the southeast United States. Results: Findings related to family and school contexts, and individual characteristics generally supported those in the Add Health report. Conclusion: Although factors in the larger society may influence health-related behaviors, the importance of parents and schools should not be underestimated. Both play an important role in "immunizing" young people from high risks. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hlth Promot & Behav, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fors, SW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hlth Promot & Behav, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 23 IS 5 BP 368 EP 380 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 239DH UT WOS:000082753200006 ER PT J AU Eheman, CR Tolbert, PE AF Eheman, CR Tolbert, PE TI Estimating occupational radiation doses when individual dosimetry information is not available: A job exposure matrix SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE job exposure matrix; uncertainty; ionizing radiation; occupational radiation; dosimetry; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ID MEASUREMENT ERROR; DISEASE AB Background A job exposure matrix (JEM) was developed for a population based case control study to assess the possible association between occupational radiation and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Methods Using published radiation monitoring data, we developed a radiation JEM composed of estimated annual dose distributions, categorized by time period for a broad range of occupational and industrial groups. Results When information is available to correctly assess an individual's exposure status, the annual close distributions in the JEM can be used in conjunction with job histories to estimate the distribution of possible cumulative doses for individuals. The median of the cumulative dose distribution can then be used in standard epidemiologic analysis. In addition, methods cart be applied that incorporate the uncertainty about each individual's true dose into risk estimates and associated confidence intervals. Conclusions The JEM can be useful in estimating occupational radiation exposures in other studies, particularly population based case central studies which include detailed occupational histories. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:348-359, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Radiat Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eheman, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Radiat Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 FU DRS NIH HHS [R29/FIRST]; NCI NIH HHS [IR29CA63622-1] NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 36 IS 3 BP 348 EP 359 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199909)36:3<348::AID-AJIM2>3.0.CO;2-R PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 222XM UT WOS:000081810700002 PM 10469999 ER PT J AU Conway, GA Husberg, BJ AF Conway, GA Husberg, BJ TI Cold-related non-fatal injuries in Alaska SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint Science Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health CY OCT 26-29, 1998 CL HIDDEN VALLEY, PENNSYLVANIA SP Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, USA, Inst Occupat Hlth, Finland, Natl Inst Working Life, Sweden DE cold injury; frostbite; hypothermia; occupational injury; injury surveillance; injury prevention; occupational safety and health; work environment C1 NIOSH, AFS, Div Safety Res, CDC, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Conway, GA (reprint author), NIOSH, AFS, Div Safety Res, CDC, 4230 Univ Dr,Suite 310, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 SU 1 BP 39 EP 41 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244TE UT WOS:000083066200015 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Fisk, WJ Dong, MX Petersen, M Hines, CJ Faulkner, D Deddens, JA Ruder, AM Sullivan, D Boeniger, MF AF Mendell, MJ Fisk, WJ Dong, MX Petersen, M Hines, CJ Faulkner, D Deddens, JA Ruder, AM Sullivan, D Boeniger, MF TI Enhanced particle filtration in a non-problem office environment: Preliminary results from a double-blind crossover intervention study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint Science Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health CY OCT 26-29, 1998 CL HIDDEN VALLEY, PENNSYLVANIA SP Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, USA, Inst Occupat Hlth, Finland, Natl Inst Working Life, Sweden DE indoor air quality; sick building syndrome; intervention; filtration; ventilation; occupational health and safety; work environment C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-16, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 SU 1 BP 55 EP 57 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244TE UT WOS:000083066200020 ER PT J AU Lim, SY Murphy, LR AF Lim, SY Murphy, LR TI The relationship of organizational factors to employee health and overall effectiveness SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint Science Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health CY OCT 26-29, 1998 CL HIDDEN VALLEY, PENNSYLVANIA SP Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, USA, Inst Occupat Hlth, Finland, Natl Inst Working Life, Sweden DE healthy work organization; organizational climate; organizational values; occupational health and safety; work environment C1 NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Allstate Res & Planning Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Murphy, LR (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 SU 1 BP 64 EP 65 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244TE UT WOS:000083066200023 ER PT J AU Sanderson, WT Henneberger, PK Martyny, J Ellis, K Mroz, MM Newman, LS AF Sanderson, WT Henneberger, PK Martyny, J Ellis, K Mroz, MM Newman, LS TI Beryllium contamination inside vehicles of machine shop workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint Science Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health CY OCT 26-29, 1998 CL HIDDEN VALLEY, PA SP Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, USA, Inst Occupat Hlth, Finland, Natl Inst Working Life, Sweden DE beryllium; machinists; take-home exposure; surface beryllium contamination; occupational safety and health; work environment ID DISEASE C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. TriCty Hlth Dept, Commerce City, CO 80022 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Med, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Denver, CO 80206 USA. RP Sanderson, WT (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM WTS1@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-3586 EI 1097-0274 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 SU 1 BP 72 EP 74 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244TE UT WOS:000083066200026 ER PT J AU Heitbrink, WA Hall, RM Reed, LD Gibbons, D AF Heitbrink, WA Hall, RM Reed, LD Gibbons, D TI Use of ambient aerosol for testing agricultural cabs for protection against pesticide aerosol SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint Science Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health CY OCT 26-29, 1998 CL HIDDEN VALLEY, PENNSYLVANIA SP Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, USA, Inst Occupat Hlth, Finland, Natl Inst Working Life, Sweden DE pesticide; cabin filtration; dust control; consensus standard; instrumentation; occupational health and safety; work environment C1 NIOSH, Div Phys Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Calif EPA, Dept Pesticide Regulat, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Heitbrink, WA (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Phys Sci & Engn, 4676 Columbia Pkwy R-5, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 SU 1 BP 75 EP 76 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244TE UT WOS:000083066200027 ER PT J AU Mickelsen, RL Mead, KR Shulman, SA Brumagin, TE AF Mickelsen, RL Mead, KR Shulman, SA Brumagin, TE TI Evaluating engineering controls during asphalt paving using a portable tracer gas method SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint Science Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health CY OCT 26-29, 1998 CL HIDDEN VALLEY, PA SP Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, USA, Inst Occupat Hlth, Finland, Natl Inst Working Life, Sweden DE asphalt paving; tracer-gas method; field study; occupational health and safety; work environment C1 NIOSH, Div Phys Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Mickelsen, RL (reprint author), 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rlm3@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-3586 EI 1097-0274 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 SU 1 BP 77 EP 79 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244TE UT WOS:000083066200028 ER PT J AU Sweeney, MH Becker, P Bryant, CJ Palassis, J AF Sweeney, MH Becker, P Bryant, CJ Palassis, J TI Reducing injuries and illnesses among construction workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint Science Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health CY OCT 26-29, 1998 CL HIDDEN VALLEY, PA SP Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, USA, Inst Occupat Hlth, Finland, Natl Inst Working Life, Sweden DE construction; training; vocational-technical; respiratory protection program; occupational health and safety; work environment C1 NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. W Virginia Univ, Safety & Hlth Extens, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Sweeney, MH (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C32, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM mhs2@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-3586 EI 1097-0274 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 SU 1 BP 96 EP 97 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244TE UT WOS:000083066200034 ER PT J AU Ehlers, J Palermo, T AF Ehlers, J Palermo, T TI Community partners for healthy farming: Involving communities in intervention planning, implementation, and evaluation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint Science Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health CY OCT 26-29, 1998 CL HIDDEN VALLEY, PENNSYLVANIA SP Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, USA, Inst Occupat Hlth, Finland, Natl Inst Working Life, Sweden DE agriculture; community; intervention; research; partners; occupational health and safety; work environment C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ehlers, J (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 SU 1 BP 107 EP 109 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244TE UT WOS:000083066200038 ER PT J AU Zlochower, IA Ehlers, JJ AF Zlochower, IA Ehlers, JJ TI Danger of drilling into sealed and filled plow frames SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint Science Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health CY OCT 26-29, 1998 CL HIDDEN VALLEY, PENNSYLVANIA SP Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, USA, Inst Occupat Hlth, Finland, Natl Inst Working Life, Sweden DE modified frames; hazard; agriculture; injury; explosion; occupational health and safety; work environment C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. NIOSH, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Ehlers, JJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 SU 1 BP 110 EP 112 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244TE UT WOS:000083066200039 ER PT J AU Britt, M Chrislip, D Bayer, S Cole, H Kidd, P Parshall, M Isaacs, S Struttman, T Colligan, M Scharf, T AF Britt, M Chrislip, D Bayer, S Cole, H Kidd, P Parshall, M Isaacs, S Struttman, T Colligan, M Scharf, T TI Farm work planning simulation in multi-media: A comparative evaluation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint Science Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health CY OCT 26-29, 1998 CL HIDDEN VALLEY, PENNSYLVANIA SP Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, USA, Inst Occupat Hlth, Finland, Natl Inst Working Life, Sweden DE farm safety; injury control; farm economics; simulation exercise; occupational health and safety; work environment C1 NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Kentucky, SE Ctr Agr Hlth & Injury Prevent, Lexington, KY USA. RP Britt, M (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 SU 1 BP 113 EP 115 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244TE UT WOS:000083066200040 ER PT J AU Grosch, JW Gershon, RRM Murphy, LR DeJoy, DM AF Grosch, JW Gershon, RRM Murphy, LR DeJoy, DM TI Safety climate dimensions associated with occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens in nurses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint Science Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health CY OCT 26-29, 1998 CL HIDDEN VALLEY, PENNSYLVANIA SP Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, USA, Inst Occupat Hlth, Finland, Natl Inst Working Life, Sweden DE universal precautions; health care workers; nurses; blood-borne pathogens; safety climate; occupational health and safety; work environment C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Georgia, Sch Hlth & Human Performance, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Grosch, JW (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-C24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 SU 1 BP 122 EP 124 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244TE UT WOS:000083066200043 ER PT J AU Sutton, MY Sternberg, M Nsuami, M Behets, F Nelson, AM St Louis, ME AF Sutton, MY Sternberg, M Nsuami, M Behets, F Nelson, AM St Louis, ME TI Trichomoniasis in pregnant human immunodeficiency virus-infected and human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected Congolese women: Prevalence, risk factors, and association with low birth weight SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus; low birth weight; trichomoniasis ID VAGINAL TRICHOMONIASIS; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; HIV-1 TRANSMISSION; PRETERM DELIVERY; PREVENTION; DIAGNOSIS AB OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for vaginal trichomoniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected pregnant Congolese women and its relationship to pregnancy outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a nested case-control study of 215 infected and 206 uninfected mothers who responded to questionnaires, underwent sexually transmitted disease testing (including culture for trichomoniasis shortly after delivery), and underwent assessment of infant outcomes. Maternal variables and birth outcomes were assessed according to presence or absence of trichomoniasis and human immunodeficiency virus. RESULTS: Trichomoniasis was present in 18.6% of human immunodeficiency virus-positive and 10.2% of human immunodeficiency virus-negative women, respectively (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.6), and was significantly associated with low birth weight (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.5). In multivariate analyses trichomoniasis remained associated with low birth weight, and adjustments were made for other risk factors associated with low birth weight. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest an association between trichomoniasis and low birth weight independent of human immunodeficiency virus infection and other risk factors. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of antenatal screening and treatment for trichomoniasis on pregnancy outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Projet SIDA, Project AIDS, Kinshasa, Zaire. RP Sutton, MY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 181 IS 3 BP 656 EP 662 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70509-0 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 237VN UT WOS:000082677400025 PM 10486480 ER PT J AU McQueen, DV AF McQueen, DV TI A world behaving badly: The global challenge for behavioral surveillance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSITION; HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McQueen, DV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1999 VL 89 IS 9 BP 1312 EP 1314 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.9.1312 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 229UR UT WOS:000082214600002 PM 10474544 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Thompson, BL Bland, SD Rubinson, R AF Nelson, DE Thompson, BL Bland, SD Rubinson, R TI Trends in perceived cost as a barrier to medical care, 1991-1996 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE; UNITED-STATES; ACCESS; AMERICANS; RISK AB Objectives. This study examined trends in perceived cost as a barrier to medical care. Methods. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to analyze monthly telephone survey data From 45 states. Results. Overall. the percentage of persons perceiving cost as a barrier to medical care increased from 1991 until early 1993 and then declined to baseline values in late 1996. Perceived cost was a greater barrier in 1996 than in 1991 for persons with low; incomes and for those who were unemployed and uninsured. For self-employed persons, percentages increased until mid-1993 and then remained constant. Conclusions. Further efforts are needed to improve access to medical carl Far socially disadvantaged populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Sociol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1999 VL 89 IS 9 BP 1410 EP 1413 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.9.1410 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 229UR UT WOS:000082214600019 PM 10474561 ER PT J AU Sanders, EJ Rigau-Perez, JG Smits, HL Deseda, CC Vorndam, VA Aye, T Spiegel, RA Weyant, RS Bragg, SL AF Sanders, EJ Rigau-Perez, JG Smits, HL Deseda, CC Vorndam, VA Aye, T Spiegel, RA Weyant, RS Bragg, SL TI Increase of leptospirosis in dengue-negative patients after a hurricane in Puerto Rico in 1966 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RISK-FACTORS; BARBADOS; INDICATORS; ILLNESS AB Leptospirosis has rarely been reported in Puerto Rico, although in the period from 1948 to 1952, 208 cases of leptospirosis and an island-wide seroprevalence of antibody to Leptospira of 14% were documented. In Puerto Rico in October 1996, following rainfall and a period of flooding generated by Hurricane Hortense, serum specimens of 4 patients with suspected dengue fever that were negative for dengue tested positive for Leptospira-specific IgM antibodies in a dipstick assay. Subsequently, we used an island-wide dengue laboratory-based surveillance system to determine the increase in leptospirosis after hurricane-generated floods. All anti-dengue IgM-negative patients (n = 142) with disease onset from August 8 to October 6, 1996 from prehurricane and posthurricane groups were investigated for leptospirosis. Laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis cases were defined as microscopic agglutination test titers greater than or equal to 1 : 400 to 1 or more serovars, or positive immunohistochemistry in autopsy tissues. Four (6%) of 72 prehurricane and 17 (24%) of 70 posthurricane patients had laboratory-confirmed cases of leptospirosis (relative risk [RR] = 4.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6-12.4). The mean age of case-patients was 34 years (range = 13-64). Eighteen (86%) of 21 confirmed case-patients were males, including one patient who died (31 years old). Patients were located in 18 (38%) of 48 municipalities that submitted serum samples. Clinical features significantly associated with leptospirosis were eye pain (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.3-1.9), joint pain (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1. 1-1.6), diarrhea (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2-2.5), and jaundice (RR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.5-7.2). This study demonstrates the utility of a dengue laboratory-based surveillance system for the detection of an increase of leptospirosis, which most likely would have gone unrecognized. Leptospirosis is treatable with antibacterial agents; knowledge of this diagnosis may significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, Div Epidemiol, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. Royal Trop Inst, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Sanders, EJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. NR 34 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 61 IS 3 BP 399 EP 404 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 238EK UT WOS:000082697800011 PM 10497979 ER PT J AU Urdaneta, L Plowe, C Goldman, I Lal, AA AF Urdaneta, L Plowe, C Goldman, I Lal, AA TI Point mutations in dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Venezuela SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MALARIA PARASITES; PYRIMETHAMINE RESISTANCE; CYCLOGUANIL RESISTANCE; ANTIFOLATE RESISTANCE; SEQUENCE VARIATION; DRUG-RESISTANCE; SYNTHETASE GENE; SULFADOXINE; AFRICA AB The present study was designed to characterize mutations in dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and dihy dropteroate synthase (DHPS) genes of Plasmodium falciparum in the Bolivar region of Venezuela, where high levels of clinical resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar(R); F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland) has been documented. We used a nested mutation-specific polymerase chain reaction and restriction digestion methods to measure 1) the prevalence of DHFR mutations at 16, 50, 51, 59, 108, and 164 codon positions, and 2) the prevalence of mutations in the 436, 437, 581, and 613 codon sites in DHPS gene. In the case of the DHFR gene, of the 54 parasite isolates analyzed, we detected the presence of Asn-108 and Ile-51 in 96% of the isolates and Arg-50 mutation in 64% of the isolates. Each of these mutations has been associated with high level of resistance to pyrimethamine. Only 2 samples; (4%) showed the wild type Ser-108 mutation and none showed Thr-108 and Val-16 mutations' that are specific for resistance to cycloguanil. In the case of DHPS gene, we found a mutation at position 437 (Gly) in 100% of the isolates and Gly-581 in 96% of the isolates. The simultaneous presence of mutations Asn-108 and Ile-51 in the DHFR gene and Gly-437 and Gly-581 in the DHPS gene in 96% of the samples tested suggested that a cumulative effect of mutations could be the major mechanism conferring high SP resistance in this area. C1 Escuela Malariol & Saneamiento Ambiental, Maracay, Aragua, Venezuela. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Geog Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev,Mol Parasitol & Malaria Field Stu, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Urdaneta, L (reprint author), Escuela Malariol & Saneamiento Ambiental, Maracay, Aragua, Venezuela. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 61 IS 3 BP 457 EP 462 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 238EK UT WOS:000082697800022 PM 10497990 ER PT J AU Critchfield, JW Ho, O Roberts, BD Van Lint, C Verdin, E Butera, ST AF Critchfield, JW Ho, O Roberts, BD Van Lint, C Verdin, E Butera, ST TI Isoquinolinesulphonamide derivatives inhibit transcriptional elongation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in a promyelocytic model of latency SO ANTIVIRAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 latency; transcriptional inhibitors; cellular factors ID NF-KAPPA-B; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; HIV-1 REPLICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; CHRONIC INFECTION; CELL-LINES AB Using the OM-10.1 promyelocytic model of inducible human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, we tested a panel of known protein kinase inhibitors for an ability to block tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced HIV-1 expression. Among the compounds tested, the broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor H-7 uniquely blocked HIV-1 expression at the level of viral transcription, but did not inhibit nuclear factor kappa B activation or function. In structure-activity analysis this inhibitory activity of H-7 on HIV-1 expression corresponded with the known structural requirements for the interaction of H-7 with the ATP-binding region of protein kinase C, suggesting that it was indeed related to the kinase inhibitory properties of H-7. The mechanism of H-7 transcriptional inhibition did not involve chromatin remodelling at the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter, as shown by nuc-1 disruption, and appeared to involve HIV-1 RNA elongation but not initiation. Therefore, H-7 and related isoquinoline-sulphonamide analogues are most likely inhibiting a kinase target essential for HIV-1 transcriptional elongation whose identity may provide new therapeutic targets for intervention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TD Lab REs, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Free Univ Brussels, B-1640 Rhode St Genese, Belgium. Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Virol & Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Butera, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TD Lab REs, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Verdin, Eric/0000-0003-3703-3183 NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS PI LONDON PA 125 HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON WC1V 6QA, ENGLAND SN 0956-3202 J9 ANTIVIR CHEM CHEMOTH JI Antivir. Chem. Chemother. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 10 IS 5 BP 275 EP 284 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 265CR UT WOS:000084224100006 PM 10574182 ER PT J AU O'Leary, A AF O'Leary, A TI Preventing HIV infection in heterosexual women: What do we know? What must we learn? SO APPLIED & PREVENTIVE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavioral intervention; condoms; HIV prevention; latina women; sexual risk reduction ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTION; CONDOM USE; SEXUAL NEGOTIATION; URBAN WOMEN; AIDS; BEHAVIOR; PARTNER; SKILLS; MEN AB Women are becoming infected with HIV via heterosexual activity at an accelerating rate, both in the United States and globally. Although a number of evaluations of behavioral risk-reduction interventions for women have been reported, many suffer from methodological problems that weaken confidence in their findings, and furthermore it is clear that many women are unable to respond to the interventions that have been tested. Most women infected through heterosexual activity are infected by their primary partner, yet achieving consistent condom use with this partner can be highly challenging for women. The present article presents recent work and innovative ideas for intervention strategies that may be more feasible, and thus more effective, fbr women at risk for HIV infection by their primary male partner. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, DHAP IRS, BIRB, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0962-1849 J9 APPL PREV PSYCHOL JI Appl. Prev. Psychol. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 8 IS 4 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S0962-1849(05)80040-X PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 248QR UT WOS:000083287300003 ER PT J AU Coles, FB Birkhead, GS Johnson, P Smith, PF Berke, R Allenson, P Clark, M AF Coles, FB Birkhead, GS Johnson, P Smith, PF Berke, R Allenson, P Clark, M TI Cluster of HIV-positive young women - New York, 1997-1998 (reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 413-416, 1999) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; INFECTION C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Chautauqua Cty Dept Hlth, Mayville, NY 14757 USA. CDC, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Coles, FB (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 135 IS 9 BP 1141 EP 1142 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 234KF UT WOS:000082483000026 ER PT J AU Meneses, F Romieu, I Ramirez, M Colome, S Fung, K Ashley, D Hernandez-Avila, M AF Meneses, F Romieu, I Ramirez, M Colome, S Fung, K Ashley, D Hernandez-Avila, M TI A survey of personal exposures to benzene in Mexico City SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Benzene is a widely distributed environmental contaminant that causes leukemia. It is an important component in gasoline, it is used frequently as a solvent or chemical feedstock in industry, and it is emitted as a product of incomplete combustion. In Mexico City, investigators suspect that benzene exposure might be elevated and may pose a risk to the population; however, no published data are available to confirm or disconfirm this suspicion. We, therefore, conducted a survey in 3 occupational groups in Mexico City. Forty-five volunteers who used portable passive monitors measured their personal exposure to benzene during a workshift. None of the participants smoked during the monitoring period. Benzene exposure was significantly higher among service-station attendants (mean = 359.5 mu g/m(3) [standard deviation = 170.4 mu g/m(3)]) than among the street vendors (83.7 mu g/m(3) and 45.0 mu g/m(3), respectively) and office workers (45.2 mu g/m(3) and 13.3 mu g/m(3), respectively). However, the benzene exposure levels observed among office workers were substantially higher than levels reported elsewhere for general populations. Our results highlight the need for more complete studies by investigators who should assess the potential benefits of setting environmental standards for benzene in Mexico. C1 Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Salud Poblac, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Org Panamer Salud, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Integrated Environm Serv, Irvine, CA USA. AtmAA, Calabasas, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hernandez-Avila, M (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Salud Poblac, Av Univ 655,Col Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. FU FIC NIH HHS [TWOO623] NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 54 IS 5 BP 359 EP 363 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 238NV UT WOS:000082717100011 PM 10501154 ER PT J AU Page, E Trout, D AF Page, E Trout, D TI Untitled SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID EXPOSURES; ASTHMA C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Hazards Evaluat & tech Assistance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Page, E (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Hazards Evaluat & tech Assistance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 54 IS 5 BP 365 EP 366 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 238NV UT WOS:000082717100013 PM 10501156 ER PT J AU Kilgore, ML Steindel, SJ Smith, JA AF Kilgore, ML Steindel, SJ Smith, JA TI Continuous quality improvement for point-of-care testing using background monitoring of duplicate specimens SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PORTABLE CLINICAL ANALYZER; PATHOLOGISTS Q-PROBES; EMERGENCY; POTASSIUM; SYSTEM; TIME AB Context.-Despite compliance with quality control standards, concerns remain as to the accuracy and reliability of point-of-care testing. Objective.-To assess a practical method for quality improvement using the context in which point-of-care testing is done. Design.-Quality measures for point-of-care testing, making use of natural duplication of results obtained by other testing methods, were used to monitor testing quality and evaluate quality improvement interventions. Setting.-Five adult intensive care units (total of 88 beds) in a large academic medical center, using point-of-care testing for blood gases, electrolytes, and hematocrit levels. Participants.-Nurses performing bedside testing and laboratory personnel assigned the responsibility for supervising their performance. Interventions.-quality of testing was monitored continuously, and, where problems were identified, training and support interventions implemented, and their effects evaluated. Main Outcome Measures.-Improvement in correlation coefficients and regression parameters of point-of-care hematocrit and potassium testing results compared with contemporaneous results from the core laboratory. Results.-The initial survey found point-of-care potassium levels were tightly correlated with core laboratory results (r = 0.958). Baseline correlation coefficients and regression parameters for point-of-care hematocrit levels compared with core laboratory values varied widely from unit to unit. The intensive care units with the highest variances of bedside vs core laboratory testing received targeted interventions. Follow-up yielded evidence of dramatic improvement; 1 unit experienced an increase in correlation from 0.50 to 0.95. Conclusionn.-The findings suggest that, when point-of-care testing is highly dependent on operator technique, targeted interventions can resolve problems and provide reliable results at the bedside. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Div Lab Med, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RAND Grad Sch, Santa Monica, CA USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Div Lab Med, P230 W Pavilion,619 S 19th St, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 123 IS 9 BP 824 EP 828 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 232DA UT WOS:000082349400015 PM 10458832 ER PT J AU Coates, RJ Uhler, RJ Hall, HI Potischman, N Brinton, LA Ballard-Barbash, R Gammon, MD Brogan, DR Daling, JR Malone, KE Schoenberg, JB Swanson, CA AF Coates, RJ Uhler, RJ Hall, HI Potischman, N Brinton, LA Ballard-Barbash, R Gammon, MD Brogan, DR Daling, JR Malone, KE Schoenberg, JB Swanson, CA TI Risk of breast cancer in young women in relation to body size and weight gain in adolescence and early adulthood SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Editorial Material DE breast neoplasms; weight gain; histological grade; neoplasm staging; adolescence; premenopause ID AGE 45 YEARS; MASS; HEIGHT; INDICATORS; INSULIN; LIFE AB Findings have been inconsistent on effects of adolescent body size and adult weight gain on risk of breast cancer in young women. These relations were examined in a population-based case control study of 1590 women less than 45 years of age newly diagnosed with breast cancer during 1990-1992 in three areas of the US and an age-matched control group of 1390 women. Height and weight were measured at interview and participants asked to recall information about earlier body size. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk of breast cancer adjusted for other risk factors. Women who were either much heavier or lighter than average in adolescence or at age 20 were at reduced risk. Weight gain after age 20 resulted in reduced risk. but the effect was confined to early-stage and, more specifically, lower grade breast cancer. Neither the risk reduction nor the variation by breast cancer stage or grade was explained by the method of cancer detection or by prior mammography history. These findings suggest that relations between breast cancer risk in young women and body weight at different ages is complex and that the risk reduction with adult weight gain is confined to less aggressive cancers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Canc Epidemiol Program, Trenton, NJ 08652 USA. RP Coates, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, CDC, K-55,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP-95604, N01-CP-95671, N01-CP-95672] NR 47 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 3 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD SEP PY 1999 VL 81 IS 1 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690667 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 230RB UT WOS:000082263200027 PM 10487629 ER PT J AU Suzuki, M Dezzutti, CS Okayama, A Tachibana, N Tsubouchi, H Mueller, N Lal, RB AF Suzuki, M Dezzutti, CS Okayama, A Tachibana, N Tsubouchi, H Mueller, N Lal, RB TI Modulation of T-cell responses to a recall antigen in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-infected individuals SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HTLV-I CARRIERS; INFECTION; PROLIFERATION; INTERLEUKIN-10; PATHOGENESIS; LYMPHOCYTES; SUPPRESSION; CLONES; PPD AB To determine the mechanism of the purified protein derivative (PPD)-specific hyporesponsiveness in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals, we examined cytokine production in response to PPD in the following four groups of individuals: (i) HTLV-negative, PPD nonresponders (n = 11; NN); (ii) HTLV-negative, PPD responders (n = 18; NP); (iii) HTLV-positive, PPD nonresponders (n = 15; PN); and (iv) HTLV-positive, PPD responders (n = 15; PP), In vitro stimulation with PPD resulted in both proliferative responses and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in NP and PP (P < 0.02), with minimal proliferation and IFN-gamma production in the NN and PN groups, Further, PPD-specific interleukin 10 (IL-10) production was significantly reduced in the PN group (P < 0.01), while the other groups had comparable levels, Cytokine reconstitution experiments demonstrated that while addition of recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) plus anti-IL-4 restored PPD-specific responses in the NN group, it had no effect in the PN group, However, addition of rIL-12 resulted in the increased production of IFN-gamma in both nonresponder groups (NN and PN), suggesting that the lack of IFN-gamma production was not responsible for the PPD anergy. We conclude that PPD-specific anergy in HTLV-l-infected individuals appears to be due in part to their inability to respond to rIL-12. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Miyazaki Med Coll, Dept Internal Med 2, Miyazaki, Japan. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Lal, RB (reprint author), CDC, Immunovirol Sect, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, DASTLR, Mail Stop D12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 6 IS 5 BP 713 EP 717 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 235LE UT WOS:000082542500015 PM 10473523 ER PT J AU Sacchi, CT Brandt, ME Whitney, AM Mayer, LW Lemos, APS Melles, CEA Solari, CA Frasch, CE AF Sacchi, CT Brandt, ME Whitney, AM Mayer, LW Lemos, APS Melles, CEA Solari, CA Frasch, CE TI Neisseria meningitidis subtype nomenclature - Reply SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Adolfo Lutz Inst, Dept Bacteriol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Fdn Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Bacteriol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Sacchi, CT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Mailstop D-11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 6 IS 5 BP 771 EP 772 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 235LE UT WOS:000082542500028 ER PT J AU Kaplan, JE Janoff, EN Masur, H AF Kaplan, JE Janoff, EN Masur, H TI Do bacterial pneumonia and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia accelerate progression of human immunodeficiency virus disease? Editorial response SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMMUNE ACTIVATION; HIV-1 INFECTION; T-CELLS; PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; AIDS PATIENTS; RISK-FACTORS; REPLICATION; PROPHYLAXIS; LOAD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kaplan, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop G-29,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL57880]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI39445] NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 544 EP 546 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 238GY UT WOS:000082703600013 PM 10530444 ER PT J AU Flanigan, TP Hogan, JW Smith, D Schoenbaum, E Vlahov, D Schuman, P Mayer, K AF Flanigan, TP Hogan, JW Smith, D Schoenbaum, E Vlahov, D Schuman, P Mayer, K TI Self-reported bacterial infections among women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; PNEUMONIA; AIDS; BACTEREMIA; DISEASES; TRENDS AB Bacterial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, particularly women. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a history of bacterial infections among 1,310 women with or at risk for HIV infection. HIV-seropositive women were significantly more likely than seronegative women to report recent and lifetime histories of bacterial infection, even after history of injection drug use since 1977 was adjusted for; this included recent pneumonia (odds ratio [OR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-6.6), sinusitis (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-2.0), and urinary tract infection (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1), Compared with HIV-negative women, women with CD4 cell counts of <200 were about eight times more likely to report recent pneumonia (OR, 7.8; 95% CI, 3.4-17.7); those with CD4 cell counts of 200-500 were almost three times more likely to do so (OR, 2.6; CI, 1.2-5.7). Logistic regression analysis revealed that only CD4 cell category and a recent history of smoking had a significant relationship to self-reported pneumonia. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brown Univ, Ctr Stat Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Med, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Flanigan, TP (reprint author), Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA. RI Hogan, Joseph/J-4579-2014 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU200714, U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU306802] NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 608 EP 612 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 238GY UT WOS:000082703600024 PM 10530455 ER PT J AU Fields, PI Swerdlow, DL AF Fields, PI Swerdlow, DL TI Campylobacter jejuni SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEAT-STABLE ANTIGENS; FETUS SUBSP-JEJUNI; BROILER-CHICKENS; INTESTINAL COLONIZATION; POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; FLAGELLIN GENES AB Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequently diagnosed bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis in the United States. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant and, in particular, of fluoroquinolone-resistant C. jejuni infections in Europe and the United States, temporally associated with the approval of use of fluoroquinolones in veterinary medicine, is an important public health concern. Recent research has provided strong evidence for an association between Campylobacter infection and Guillain-Barr Syndrome (GBS), and Campylobacter is the most frequent antecedent infection in GBS. The consumption of undercooked poultry and cross-contamination of other foods with uncooked meat products are leading risk factors for human campylobacteriosis. Reinforcing hygienic practices at each link in the food chain, from producer to consumer, is critical in preventing the disease. RP Fields, PI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Bldg 1,Room B353,1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 128 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 19 IS 3 BP 489 EP + PG 17 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 243AB UT WOS:000082974000003 PM 10549422 ER PT J AU Hennessy, CH John, R Anderson, LA AF Hennessy, CH John, R Anderson, LA TI Diabetes education needs of family members caring for American Indian elders SO DIABETES EDUCATOR LA English DT Article ID SUPPORT; CARE AB PURPOSE this qualitative study investigated diabetes care management among family members of American Indian elders with self-care limitations. Focus groups were used to examine the reasons for and content of diabetes care management, the challenges faced, and the support services needed. METHODS Five focus groups were conducted with family caregivers from six tribes. Caregivers' responses related to care management were identified and categorized into themes. RESULTS Participants reported that they provided assistance with a wide range of diabetes care tasks leg, skin and wound care, in-home dialysis) depending on the elder's level of impairment. Caregivers described three major challenges related to diabetes care management: (1) anxiety about in-home care, (2) coping with psychosocial issues, and (3) decision making and communication problems with other family members. They emphasized the importance of developing a care routine for successful diabetes management. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we suggest areas where diabetes educators can assist American Indian family caregivers in meeting the needs of frail elders in the home. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hennessy, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Mailstop K-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG11294] NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC DIABETES EDUCATORS PI CHICAGO PA STE 1240, 444 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-3901 USA SN 0145-7217 J9 DIABETES EDUCATOR JI Diabetes Educ. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 25 IS 5 BP 747 EP 754 DI 10.1177/014572179902500507 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244FG UT WOS:000083040700006 PM 10646471 ER PT J AU Jack, L Liburd, L Vinicor, F Brody, G Murry, VM AF Jack, L Liburd, L Vinicor, F Brody, G Murry, VM TI Influence of the environmental context on diabetes self-management: A rationale for developing a new research paradigm in diabetes education SO DIABETES EDUCATOR LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILIES; SOCIAL SUPPORT; METABOLIC IMPROVEMENT; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HEALTH; MELLITUS; STRESS; INTERVENTIONS; OUTCOMES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jack, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Mail Stop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ljjo@cdc.gov NR 86 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC DIABETES EDUCATORS PI CHICAGO PA STE 1240, 444 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-3901 USA SN 0145-7217 J9 DIABETES EDUCATOR JI Diabetes Educ. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 25 IS 5 BP 775 EP + DI 10.1177/014572179902500510 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244FG UT WOS:000083040700009 PM 10646474 ER PT J AU Lary, JM Daniel, KL Erickson, JD Roberts, HE Moore, CA AF Lary, JM Daniel, KL Erickson, JD Roberts, HE Moore, CA TI The return of thalidomide - Can birth defects be prevented? SO DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article ID ISOTRETINOIN; PREGNANCY; WOMEN; PROGRAM AB Thalidomide, the drug that caused a worldwide epidemic of serious birth defects in the late 1950s and early 1960s, was recently approved by the U-S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in treating the skin disease erythema nodosum leprosum, a complication of leprosy. The drug has also shown promise in the treatment of other serious diseases. If thalidomide is eventually approved for use in the US and other countries for treatment of diseases more prevalent than erythema nodosum leprosum, or if use of the drug for non-approved indications becomes widespread, hundreds of thousands of women with childbearing ability could be treated. If this should happen, can we prevent another epidemic of birth defects? In an effort to prevent fetal exposures to thalidomide, the FDA mandated a comprehensive programme to regulate prescription, dispensing and use of the drug. The programme is designed to require registration of all participating pre scribers, pharmacies and patients. It also requires use of effective methods of contraception and periodic pregnancy testing of all patients with childbearing ability during treatment. Prescribers are directed to counsel both female and male patients on the risks, benefits and proper use of the drug, as well as on the proper use of contraceptives during treatment. The patient is required to sign an informed consent form before beginning treatment. Prescription and dispensing of thalidomide will be tightly controlled. A thalidomide registry will monitor prescription, dispensing and use of the drug, and will investigate all reported fetal exposures. This mandatory, but untested, programme promises to be effective at preventing fetal exposures to thalidomide, provided that patients, prescribers and pharmacists comply with all of its provisions. However, even if the programme proves to be successful in the US, there is concern that thalidomide may eventually be widely used in countries that may not require such stringent controls. In Brazil, where thalidomide is commercially available for treatment of leprosy patients, 33 cases of thalidomide embryopathy have already been reported in the literature. Even in countries that may tightly regulate the distribution and use of thalidomide, some patients may obtain the drug through black market sources. Should these events occur, many cases of thalidomide-induced birth defects could appear. There fore, there is a need to develop nonteratogenic analogues of thalidomide that can provide effective treatment for erythema nodosum leprosum and other serious conditions without increasing the potential for another epidemic of thalidomide-related birth defects. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects & Pediat Genet, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lary, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects & Pediat Genet, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0114-5916 J9 DRUG SAFETY JI Drug Saf. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 21 IS 3 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.2165/00002018-199921030-00002 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 232PA UT WOS:000082378100002 PM 10487395 ER PT J AU Mead, PS Slutsker, L Dietz, V McCaig, LF Bresee, JS Shapiro, C Griffin, PM Tauxe, RV AF Mead, PS Slutsker, L Dietz, V McCaig, LF Bresee, JS Shapiro, C Griffin, PM Tauxe, RV TI Food-related illness and death in the United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; ROTAVIRUS INFECTION; TYPHOID-FEVER; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; VIBRIO INFECTIONS; FOODBORNE DISEASE; HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; GULF-COAST AB To better quantify the impact of foodborne diseases on health in the United States, we compiled and analyzed information from multiple surveillance systems and other sources. We estimate that foodborne diseases cause approximately 76 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations, and 5,000 deaths in the United States each year. Known pathogens account for an estimated 14 million illnesses, 60,000 hospitalizations, and 1,800 deaths. Three pathogens, Salmonella, Listeria, and Toxoplasma, are responsible for 1,500 deaths each year, more than 75% of those caused by known pathogens, while unknown agents account for the remaining 62 million illnesses, 265,000 hospitalizations, and 3,200 deaths. Overall, foodborne diseases appear to cause more illnesses but fewer deaths than previously estimated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mead, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mail Stop A38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pfm0@cdc.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 107 TC 4201 Z9 4428 U1 31 U2 274 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 607 EP 625 PG 19 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 247GF UT WOS:000083212200002 PM 10511517 ER PT J AU Taormina, PJ Beuchat, LR Slutsker, L AF Taormina, PJ Beuchat, LR Slutsker, L TI Infections associated with eating seed sprouts: An international concern SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL HAZARDS; VEGETABLE SPROUTS; ALFALFA SPROUTS; SALMONELLA OUTBREAKS; BEAN SPROUTS; PRODUCE; CONTAMINATION; SURVEILLANCE; DISEASES; FOOD AB Recent outbreaks of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with raw seed sprouts have occurred in several countries. Subjective evaluations indicate that pathogens can exceed 10(7) per gram of sprouts produced from inoculated seeds during sprout production without adversely affecting appearance. Treating seeds and sprouts with chlorinated water or other disinfectants fails to eliminate the pathogens. A comprehensive approach based on good manufacturing practices and principles of hazard analysis and critical control points can reduce the risk of sprout-associated disease. Until effective measures to prevent sprout-associated illness are identified, persons who wish to reduce their risk of foodborne illness from raw sprouts are advised not to eat them; in particular, persons at high risk for severe complications of infections with Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7, such as the elderly, children, and those with compromised immune systems, should not eat raw sprouts. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety & Qual Enhancement, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Taormina, PJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety & Qual Enhancement, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 47 TC 234 Z9 241 U1 0 U2 17 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 626 EP 634 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 247GF UT WOS:000083212200003 PM 10511518 ER PT J AU McQuiston, JH Paddock, CD Holman, RC Childs, JE AF McQuiston, JH Paddock, CD Holman, RC Childs, JE TI The human ehrlichioses in the United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; POTENTIAL VECTOR; AGENT; CHAFFEENSIS; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE AB The emerging tick-borne zoonoses human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) are underreported in the United States. From 1986 through 1997, 1,223 cases (742 HME, 449 HGE, and 32 not ascribed to a specific ehrlichial agent) were reported by state health departments. HME was most commonly reported from southeastern and southcentral states, while HGE was most often reported from northeastern and upper midwestern states. The annual number of reported cases increased sharply, from 69 in 1994 to 364 in 1997, coincident with an increase in the number of states making these conditions notifiable. From 1986 through 1997, 827 probable and confirmed cases were diagnosed by serologic testing at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, although how many of these cases were also reported by states is not known. Improved national surveillance would provide a better assessment of the public health importance of ehrlichiosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop G13,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 29 TC 138 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 635 EP 642 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 247GF UT WOS:000083212200004 PM 10511519 ER PT J AU Eberhard, ML da Silva, AJ Lilley, BG Pieniazek, NJ AF Eberhard, ML da Silva, AJ Lilley, BG Pieniazek, NJ TI Morphologic and molecular characterization of new Cyclospora species from Ethiopian monkeys: C-cercopitheci sp.n., C-colobi sp.n., and C-papionis sp.n. SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID APICOMPLEXA; CAYETANENSIS; EIMERIIDAE; OUTBREAK AB In recent years, human cyclosporiasis has emerged as:an important infection, with large outbreaks in the United States and Canada. :Understanding the biology and epidemiology of Cyclospora has been difficult and slow and has been complicated by not knowing the pathogen's origins, animal reservoirs (if any), and relationship to other coccidian parasites. This report provides morphologic and molecular characterization of three parasites isolated from primates and names each isolate: Cyclospora cercopitheci sp.n. for a species recovered from green monkeys, C. colobi sp.n. for a parasite from colobus monkeys, and C. papionis sp.n. for a species infecting baboons. These species, plus C, cayetanensis, which infects humans, increase to four the recognized species of Cyclospora infecting primates. These four species group homogeneously as a Single branch intermediate between avian and mammalian Eimeria. Results of our analysis contribute toward clarification of the taxonomic position of Cyclospora and its relationship to other coccidian parasites. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F13,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 68 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 651 EP 658 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 247GF UT WOS:000083212200006 PM 10511521 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI Cox, NJ Fukuda, K AF Meltzer, MI Cox, NJ Fukuda, K TI The economic impact of pandemic influenza in the United States: Priorities for intervention SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A INFLUENZA; EPIDEMICS; MORTALITY; INFECTIONS; AGE; VACCINATION; PREVENTION; POPULATION; PNEUMONIA; DECISION AB We estimated the possible effects of the next influenza pandemic in the United States and analyzed the economic impact of vaccine-based interventions. Using death rates, hospitalization data, and outpatient visits, we estimated 89,000 to 207,000 deaths; 314,000 to 734,000 hospitalizations; 18 to 42 million outpatient visits; and 20 to 47 million additional illnesses. Patients at high risk (15% of the population) would account for approximately 84% of all deaths. The estimated economic impact would be US$71.3 to $166.5 billion, excluding disruptions to commerce and society. At $21 per vaccinee, we project a net savings to society if persons in all age groups are vaccinated. At $62 per vaccinee and at gross attack rates of 25%, we project net losses if persons not at high risk for complications are vaccinated. Vaccinating 60% of the population would generate the highest economic returns but may not be possible within the time required for vaccine effectiveness, especially if two doses of vaccine are required. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Clifton Rd,Mail Stop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 318 Z9 330 U1 1 U2 12 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 659 EP 671 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 247GF UT WOS:000083212200007 PM 10511522 ER PT J AU Louie, L Ng, S Hajjeh, R Johnson, R Vugia, D Werner, SB Talbot, R Klitz, W AF Louie, L Ng, S Hajjeh, R Johnson, R Vugia, D Werner, SB Talbot, R Klitz, W TI Influence of host genetics on the severity of coccidioidomycosis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; CLASS-II; PCR AMPLIFICATION; BLOOD-GROUP; ALLELES; INFECTION; DNA; ASSOCIATION; HLA-DQA1; CHILDREN AB Coccidioidomycosis, a mild flulike illness in approximately 40% of infected persons, progresses to severe pulmonary or disseminated disease in 1% to 10% of symptomatic cases. We examined host genetic influences on disease severity among class II HLA loci and the ABO blood group. Participants included African-American, Caucasian, and Hispanic persons with mild or severe disseminated coccidioidomycosis from Kern County, California. Among Hispanics, predisposition to symptomatic disease and severe disseminated disease is associated with blood types A and B, respectively. The HLA class II DRB1*1301 allele marks a pre-disposition to severe disseminated disease in each of the three groups. Reduced risk for severe disease is associated with DRB1*0301-DQB1*0201 among Caucasians and Hispanics and with DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 among African-Americans. These data support the hypothesis that host genes, in particular HLA class II and the ABO blood group, influence susceptibility to severe coccidioidomycosis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Biol & Epidemiol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kern Med Ctr, Bakersfield, CA USA. Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. Kern Cty Publ Hlth Dept, Bakersfield, CA USA. RP Louie, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Biol & Epidemiol Dept, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [CDC584] NR 41 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 672 EP 680 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 247GF UT WOS:000083212200008 PM 10511523 ER PT J AU Galil, K Miller, LA Yakrus, MA Wallace, RJ Mosley, DG England, B Huitt, G McNeil, MM Perkins, BA AF Galil, K Miller, LA Yakrus, MA Wallace, RJ Mosley, DG England, B Huitt, G McNeil, MM Perkins, BA TI Abscesses due to Mycobacterium abscessus linked to injection of unapproved alternative medication SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHELONAE INFECTION; WOUND INFECTIONS; CLARITHROMYCIN; RESISTANCE; FORTUITUM; OUTBREAK; ELECTROPHORESIS; ORGANISMS; DIALYSIS; PATTERNS AB An unlicensed injectable medicine sold as adrenal cortex extract (ACE*) and distributed in the alternative medicine community led to the largest outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus infections reported in the United States. Records from the implicated distributor from January 1, 1995, to August 18, 1996, were used to identify purchasers; purchasers and public health alerts were used to identify patients. Purchasers and patients were interviewed, and available medical records were reviewed. Vials of ACE* were tested for mycobacterial contamination, and the product Was recalled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. ACE* had been distributed to 148 purchasers in 30 states; 87 persons with postinjection abscesses attributable to the product were identified. Patient and vial cultures contained M. abscessus identical by enzymatic and molecular typing methods. Unusual infectious agents and alternative health practices should be considered in the diagnosis of infections that do not respond to routine treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth, Tyler, TX 75710 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Galil, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 681 EP 687 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 247GF UT WOS:000083212200009 PM 10511524 ER PT J AU Chin, AE Hedberg, K Cieslak, PR Cassidy, M Stefonek, KR Fleming, DW AF Chin, AE Hedberg, K Cieslak, PR Cassidy, M Stefonek, KR Fleming, DW TI Tracking drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Oregon: An alternative surveillance method SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; MANAGEMENT; MENINGITIS; EMERGENCE; DISEASE; THERAPY; IMPACT AB With the emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, community-specific antimicrobial susceptibility patterns have become valuable determinants of empiric therapy for S. pneumoniae infections. Traditionally, these patterns are tracked by active surveillance for invasive disease, collection of isolates, and centralized susceptibility testing. We investigated whether a simpler and less expensive method-aggregating existing hospital antibiograms-could provide community-specific antimicrobial susceptibility data. We compared 1996 active surveillance data with antibiogram data from hospital laboratories in Portland, Oregon. Of the 178 S. pneumoniae active surveillance isolates, 153 (86% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 80% to 91%]) were susceptible to penicillin. Of the 1,092 aggregated isolates used by hospitals to generate antibiograms, 921 (84% [95% CI = 82%-87%]) were susceptible to penicillin. With the exception of one hospital's erythromycin susceptibility results, hospital-specific S. pneumoniae susceptibilities to penicillin, cefotaxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and erythromycin from the two methods were statistically comparable. Although yielding fewer data than active surveillance, antibiograms provided accurate, community-specific drug-resistant S, pneumoniae data in Oregon. C1 Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chin, AE (reprint author), 63 Indian Mt Rd, Lakeville, CT 06039 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 688 EP 693 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 247GF UT WOS:000083212200010 PM 10511525 ER PT J AU Kitsutani, PT Denton, RW Fritz, CL Murray, RA Todd, RL Pape, WJ Frampton, JW Young, JC Khan, AS Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG AF Kitsutani, PT Denton, RW Fritz, CL Murray, RA Todd, RL Pape, WJ Frampton, JW Young, JC Khan, AS Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG TI Acute Sin Nombre hantavirus infection without pulmonary syndrome, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; DISEASE; OUTBREAK; VIRUS AB Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) occurs in most infections with Sin Nombre virus and other North American hantaviruses. We report five cases of acute hantavirus infection that did not fit the HPS case definition. The patients had characteristic prodromal symptoms without severe pulmonary involvement, These cases suggest that surveillance for HPS may need to be expanded. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Bur Dis Control & Intervent Serv, Carson City, NV USA. Nevada State Hlth State Div, Carson City, NV USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. RP Kitsutani, PT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 701 EP 705 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 247GF UT WOS:000083212200012 PM 10511527 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Lewis, EJ Trout, JM Graczyk, TK Jenkins, MC Higgins, J Xiao, LH Lal, AA AF Fayer, R Lewis, EJ Trout, JM Graczyk, TK Jenkins, MC Higgins, J Xiao, LH Lal, AA TI Cryptosporidium parvum in oysters from commercial harvesting sites in the Chesapeake Bay SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; OOCYSTS; WATER AB Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum, a zoonotic waterborne pathogen, can be removed by bivalve molluscs from contaminated water and retained on gills and in hemolymph. We identified oocysts of C. parvum in oysters from seven sites in the Chesapeake Bay area. These findings document the presence of C. parvum infectious for humans in oysters intended for human consumption. C1 ARS, USDA, IDRL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NOAA, Oxford, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, IDRL, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 11 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 706 EP 710 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 247GF UT WOS:000083212200013 PM 10511528 ER PT J AU Bidwell, J Keen, L Gallagher, G Kimberly, R Huizinga, T McDermott, MF Oksenberg, J McNicholl, J Pociot, F Hardt, C D'Alfonso, S AF Bidwell, J Keen, L Gallagher, G Kimberly, R Huizinga, T McDermott, MF Oksenberg, J McNicholl, J Pociot, F Hardt, C D'Alfonso, S TI Cytokine gene polymorphism in human disease: on-line databases SO GENES AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Review DE cytokines; gene polymorphism; gene expression ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR-ANTAGONIST; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; FACTOR-BETA-GENE; FACTOR-ALPHA-GENE; SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; DINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT POLYMORPHISM; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE; TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-1 GENE AB The pathologies of many infectious, autoimmune and malignant diseases are influenced by the profiles of cytokine production in pro-inflammatory (TH1) and anti-inflammatory (TH2) T cells. Interindividual differences in cytokine profiles appear to be due, at least in part, to allelic polymorphism within regulatory regions of cytokine gene. Many studies have examined the relationship between cytokine gene polymorphism, cytokine gene expression in vitro, and the susceptibility to and clinical severity of diseases. A review of the findings of these studies is presented. An on-line version featuring appropriate updates is accessible from the World Wide Web site, http://www.pam.bris.ac.uk/services/GAI/cytokine4.htm. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Bristol BS6 6JU, Avon, England. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirm, Dept Surg, Glasgow G31 2ER, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Alabama, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. St Bartholomews Hosp, Sch Med & Dent, Med Unit, London E1 1BB, England. Royal London Hosp, Sch Med & Dent, Med Unit, London E1 1BB, England. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Infect Dis, Div Aids, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Steno Diabet Ctr, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark. Univ Essen Gesamthsch Klinikum, Inst Human Genet, D-45122 Essen, Germany. Dipartimento Sci Med, I-28100 Novara, Italy. RP Bidwell, J (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Homoeopath Hosp Site, Bristol BS6 6JU, Avon, England. RI D'Alfonso, Sandra/K-7295-2014; OI D'Alfonso, Sandra/0000-0002-3983-9925; Kimberly, Robert/0000-0002-5330-3086; Pociot, Flemming/0000-0003-3274-5448 NR 323 TC 390 Z9 415 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1466-4879 J9 GENES IMMUN JI Genes Immun. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1038/sj.gene.6363645 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 342TV UT WOS:000088662000002 PM 11197303 ER PT J AU Parkinson, AJ McMahon, B Bulkow, L Hennessy, T Sacco, F Hurlburt, D Reasonover, A Hamlin, C Morris, J AF Parkinson, AJ McMahon, B Bulkow, L Hennessy, T Sacco, F Hurlburt, D Reasonover, A Hamlin, C Morris, J TI Decreased Helicobacter pylori antibiotic susceptibilities and treatment failure in Alaska Native patients SO GUT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Arctic Inves Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Nat Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD SEP PY 1999 VL 45 SU 3 BP A15 EP A15 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 234DN UT WOS:000082469400052 ER PT J AU Evatt, BL Austin, H Leon, G Ruiz-Saez, A De Bosch, N AF Evatt, BL Austin, H Leon, G Ruiz-Saez, A De Bosch, N TI Haemophilia therapy: assessing the cumulative risk of HIV exposure by cryoprecipitate SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Review DE blood safety; cryoprecipitate; HIV; blood transmitted infection; blood banks; blood transfusions ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DEVELOPING-WORLD; BLOOD; HEMOPHILIA; TYPE-1; DONORS AB Most of the world's haemophilia population live in countries with developing or emerging economies. As such, they do not have access to viral inactivated clotting product. Many are treated with cryoprecipitate made from locally supplied blood. The rationale for using cryoprecipitate instead of viral inactivated products is based on an implicit belief that because blood banks can provide reasonably safe products by using modern testing procedures, transmission of HIV and other blood-borne viruses is rare. However, the risk of acquiring a blood-borne infection is cumulative, and haemophilia patients treated with cryoprecipitate or fresh-frozen plasma are exposed to hundreds or thousands of donors during their lifetime. The risk that an HIV-infected person will be a donor during the 'window period' is directly related to the incidence of HIV in the country where the donation occurs. To illustrate the extent of this problem, we devise a model for estimating the risk that a person with haemophilia will encounter HIV-contaminated cryoprecipitate as a function of years of treatment and the underlying incidence rate of HIV among blood donors. We apply the model to two countries with different incidence rates of HIV, Venezuela and the USA. Over a lifetime of treatment (60 years), the cumulative risk of HIV exposure for a person with haemophilia receiving monthly infusion of cryoprecipitate prepared from plasma of 15 donors is significant, 2% in the USA and 40% in Venezuela. Considering the cumulative risk for transmitting HIV to patients with haemophilia through cryoprecipitate treatment, medical care providers should carefully evaluate the use of cryoprecipitate in any but emergency conditions or when no virally inactivated products are available. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Nacl Hemofilia, Banco Municipal Sangre, Caracas, Venezuela. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Nacl Hemofilia, Banco Municipal Sangre, Esquina Pirineos, Venezuela. RP Evatt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD SEP PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 288DD UT WOS:000085545800001 PM 10583509 ER PT J AU Kisker, CT Mahoney, EM Arkin, S Maeder, MA Donfield, SM Evatt, BL AF Kisker, CT Mahoney, EM Arkin, S Maeder, MA Donfield, SM Evatt, BL CA Hemophilia Growth Dev Study TI Changes in hepatitis B serologic titers in HIV+ and HIV- children with haemophilia SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE HIV; hepatitis B; children ID HOMOSEXUAL MEN; VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; HEMOPHILIACS; ANTIBODY; KAPPA AB This longitudinal study examines differences in hepatitis B immune titres in children and adolescents with haemophilia to determine if they are dependent on how immunity was acquired (vaccination or natural infection), and whether they are related to the child's HIV status and/or are influenced by HIV disease progression. Serologic titres (HBcAb, HBsAb) and HBsAg were measured prospectively at baseline, and at years 1, 2 and 3 of follow-up in 126 HIV- and 207 HIV+ children and adolescents with haemophilia. Analyses were performed to assess the impact of HIV status on the measured titres, and for HIV+ subjects to examine the association with CD4+ lymphocyte counts and p24 antigen status. The results show that HIV+ children were more likely than HIV- children to lose vaccine-induced immunity as indicated by the loss of HBsAb. There was an increased risk of losing HBsAb with higher CD4+ counts and younger age. Re-immunization was not successful in seven of eight HIV+ children. Two subjects (one HIV+ , one HIV-) entered the study HBsAg- but became HBsAg+ over the course of follow-up. Seven HIV+ subjects lost natural immunity as indicated by the loss of HBcAb. The loss of either HBsAb or HBcAb in HIV- subjects was negligible to absent. In conclusion, because of the loss of immunity in HIV+ children the viral safety of factor replacement concentrates for these children is an important consideration. HIV- children rarely lose immunity, therefore frequent measures of HBsAb are not necessary. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Paediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA. Parexel, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Rho Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kisker, CT (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Paediat, 200 Hawkins Dr,2520 JCP, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO10RR00071, M01-RR06020]; NICHD NIH HHS [MO1-HD-4-3200] NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD SEP PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 354 EP 359 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 288DD UT WOS:000085545800010 PM 10583518 ER PT J AU Kozak, LJ McCarthy, E Pokras, R AF Kozak, LJ McCarthy, E Pokras, R TI Changing patterns of surgical care in the United States, 1980-1995 SO HEALTH CARE FINANCING REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA; LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY; AMBULATORY SURGERY; DILATATION; CURETTAGE AB National inpatient and ambulatory surgery data were combined to examine changes over time in the location and amount of surgical care. The main pattern was a decline in the rate of inpatient operations that was outweighed by growth in ambulatory operations. However, the rate of inpatient operations did not decrease for patients age 65 years or over, despite the growth in ambulatory surgery. Other patterns seen for specific types of operations were the substitution of ambulatory for inpatient operations, increases primarily in the rate of inpatient operations, and decreases in total operations. These patterns have implications for control of health care costs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Kozak, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 9-52, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEALTH CARE FINANCING REVIEW PI BALTIMORE PA 7500 SECURITY BLVD, C-3-11-07, BALTIMORE, MD 21224-1850 USA SN 0195-8631 J9 HEALTH CARE FINANC R JI Health Care Finan. Rev. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 21 IS 1 BP 31 EP 49 PG 19 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 400MD UT WOS:000166874700003 PM 11481734 ER PT J AU Krause, G Borchert, M Benzler, J Heinmuller, R Kaba, I Savadogo, M Siho, N Diesfeld, HJ AF Krause, G Borchert, M Benzler, J Heinmuller, R Kaba, I Savadogo, M Siho, N Diesfeld, HJ TI Rationality of drug prescriptions in rural health centres in Burkina Faso SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study is to investigate the quality of drug prescriptions in nine health centres of three districts in rural Burkina Faso. 313 outpatient consultations were studied by methods of guided observation. Additionally interviews were held with the health care workers involved in the study. A total of 793 drugs prescribed by 15 health care workers during the observation period and 2815 prescribed drugs copied from the patient register were analyzed. An average of 2.3 drugs were prescribed per visit. 88.0% of the prescribed drugs were on the essential drug list. 88.4% were indicated according to the national treatment guidelines. 79.4% had a correct dosage. The study revealed serious deficiencies in drug prescribing that could not be detected by assessing selected quantitative drug-use indicators as recommended by the WHO. In two-thirds of the cases the patients received no information on how long the drug had to be taken. Errors in dosage occurred significantly more often in children under 5 years. The combined analysis of choice and dosage of drugs showed that 59.3% of all the patients received a correct prescription. Seven out of 21 pregnant women received drugs contraindicated in pregnancy. We conclude that assessment of quantitative drug-use indicators alone does not suffice in identifying specific needs for improvement in treatment quality. We recommend that prescribing for children under 5 and for pregnant women should be targeted in future interventions and that the lay-out, content and distribution of treatment guidelines must be improved. C1 Univ Heidelberg, Inst Trop Hyg & Publ Hlth, ITHOG, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. Deutsch Entwicklungsdienst DED, Nouna, Burkina Faso. Serv Sante PRAPASS, Projet Rech Act Ameliorat, Nouna, Burkina Faso. RP Krause, G (reprint author), Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Bur Epidemiol, CDC, 2020 Capital Circle SE,BIN A-12,Rroom 337, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. OI Krause, Gerard/0000-0003-3328-8808 NR 18 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 14 IS 3 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1093/heapol/14.3.291 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 240RB UT WOS:000082838000010 PM 10621246 ER PT J AU Carvajal, SC Parcel, GS Basen-Engquist, K Banspach, SW Coyle, KK Kirby, D Chan, WY AF Carvajal, SC Parcel, GS Basen-Engquist, K Banspach, SW Coyle, KK Kirby, D Chan, WY TI Psychosocial predictors of delay of first sexual intercourse by adolescents SO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adolescents; first intercourse; determinants; onset of sex ID AIDS-PREVENTIVE BEHAVIOR; SAFER SEX; 1ST INTERCOURSE; RISK BEHAVIOR; SUBSTANCE USE; CONDOM USE; HEALTH; MODEL; INITIATION; ONSET AB This investigation predicted adolescents' delay of intercourse onset from attitudes, social norms, and self-efficacy about refraining from sexual intercourse. Age, gender, ethnicity, and parental education were also examined as predictors and moderators of the relationships among the 3 psychosocial determinants and onset. The participants (N = 827), part of a cohort initially surveyed in the 9th grade, reported at baseline that they had never engaged in intercourse. The multivariable proportional hazards regression model suggested that adolescents with more positive attitudinal and normative beliefs, as well as those with a parent who graduated from college, were less Likely to engage in intercourse in the follow-up period (up to approximately 2 years). Interventions that include an objective to delay onset may benefit from addressing psychosocial determinants, especially attitudes and norms about sexual intercourse. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Promot Res & Dev, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Behav Sci, Houston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. ETR Associates, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biometry, Houston, TX USA. RP Carvajal, SC (reprint author), Educ Training Res ETR Associates, POB 1830, Santa Cruz, CA 95061 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-91-0938] NR 59 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0278-6133 J9 HEALTH PSYCHOL JI Health Psychol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 18 IS 5 BP 443 EP 452 DI 10.1037/0278-6133.18.5.443 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 243DU UT WOS:000082982400001 PM 10519460 ER PT J AU Dimandja, JM AF Dimandja, JM TI Professor John Bruce Phillips - In memoriam SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Technol Grp, Toxicol EHLS NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dimandja, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Technol Grp, Toxicol EHLS NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0935-6304 J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 22 IS 9 BP 531 EP 531 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 232GZ UT WOS:000082364000011 ER PT J AU Birkness, KA Swords, WE Huang, PH White, EH Dezzutti, CS Lal, RB Quinn, FD AF Birkness, KA Swords, WE Huang, PH White, EH Dezzutti, CS Lal, RB Quinn, FD TI Observed differences in virulence-associated phenotypes between a human clinical isolate and a veterinary isolate of Mycobacterium avium SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; CULTURED HUMAN MACROPHAGES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; COMPLEX; GROWTH; TUBERCULOSIS; STRAINS; AIDS AB Mycobacterium avium, the most common opportunistic pathogen in patients with AIDS, is frequently isolated from a variety of environmental sources, but rarely can these environmental isolates be epidemiologically linked with isolates known to cause human disease. Using a number of in vitro tissue culture assays, we found significant pathogenic differences between a serotype 4 human clinical M. avium isolate and a serotype 2 veterinary isolate. Cell association of the patient strain with a human intestinal cell line was 1.7 times that of the veterinary strain. Growth of this clinical strain in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages increased from 12-fold higher than that of the veterinary isolate after 2 days to 200-fold higher after 4 days. By the conclusion of each experiment, lysis of all examined host cell types and accumulation of cell debris were observed in infections with the human isolate, but monolayers remained relatively intact in the presence of the animal isolate. The two strains also differed in the ability to stimulate human immunodeficiency virus replication in coinfected host cells, with p24 antigen levels after 6 days threefold higher in the cells coinfected with the clinical strain than in those infected with the veterinary strain. If the genetic differences responsible for the phenotypes observed in these assays can be identified and characterized, it may be possible to determine which M. avium strains ire the environment are potential human pathogens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quinn, FD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 5,Rm B38,M-S G11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 67 IS 9 BP 4895 EP 4901 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 228LU UT WOS:000082138600080 PM 10456946 ER PT J AU Simon, TA Paul, S Wartenberg, D Tokars, JI AF Simon, TA Paul, S Wartenberg, D Tokars, JI TI Tuberculosis in hemodialysis patients in New Jersey: A statewide study SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; MAINTENANCE DIALYSIS AB OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of tuberculosis (TB), tuberculin skin testing (TST) practices, and infection control practices at outpatient hemodialysis centers. DESIGN: Mail surveys performed in December 1994 and 1995. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The numbers of patients with incident active TB during 1994 and 1995, TST policies during 1994, and TB infection control policies in 1994. SETTING: All outpatient dialysis centers in New Jersey. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: Healthcare workers and patients in dialysis centers in New Jersey. RESULTS: Of 47 centers, 41 provided information on TST and TB infection control policies and practices. TSTs were per formed on newly hired healthcare workers at all 41 centers and on established workers at 39 centers. In contrast, only 1 center reported performing TSTs on hemodialysis patients; 5 other centers reported screening of patients for TB using chest radiographs. Active TB was reported in 3 of 4,550 chronic hemodialysis patients in 1994 (rate, 66/100,000 patient-years) and in 4 of 4,831 patients in 1995 (rate, 83/100,000 patient-years). Both rates were several times higher than the rate in the New Jersey general population during this period (10.7-10.8/100,000). CONCLUSION: Although based on small numbers of patients with TB, we found a relatively high incidence of TB among hemodialysis patients in New Jersey. Most centers reported per forming TSTs on workers but not on patients. These results suggest the need for improved TB screening and infection control precautions at outpatient dialysis centers (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999;20:607-609). C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Trenton, NJ USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Simon, TA (reprint author), 7 Haines Cove Dr, Toms River, NJ 08753 USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 20 IS 9 BP 607 EP 609 DI 10.1086/501679 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 235LY UT WOS:000082544200009 PM 10501258 ER PT J AU Li, R Serdula, MK Williamson, DF Bowman, BA Graham, DJ Green, L AF Li, R Serdula, MK Williamson, DF Bowman, BA Graham, DJ Green, L TI Dose-effect of fenfluramine use on the severity of valvular heart disease among fen-phen patients with valvulopathy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE dose-effect; fenfluramine-phentermine; severity of valvulopathy ID APPETITE-SUPPRESSANT DRUGS; OBESE PATIENTS AB OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the severity of valvulopathy was associated with the dosage of fenfluramine taken by fenfluramine-phentermine users with valvulopathy, DESIGN: Out of 105 suspected valvulopathy case reports received by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) among fenfluramine-phentermine users, 74 patients meeting FDA case definition for valvulopathy were included in this study. Patients with severe valvulopathy were classified as those either undergoing valve replacement surgery or having severe aortic or mitral regurgitation; all other patients were considered to have less severe valvulopathy. RESULTS: The proportion with severe valvulopathy increased from 20-66% with increasing fenfluramine dosage from less than or equal to 40 mg/d to greater than or equal to 60 mg/d, Compared with patients taking <40 mg/d fenfluramine, patients taking greater than or equal to 60 mg/d had an adjusted odds ratio of 9.2 (95% confidence interval = 2.1-40.8) for severe valvulopathy, CONCLUSION: Compared to patients with less severe valvulopathy, those with severe valvulopathy were substantially more likely to have taken greater than or equal to 60 mg/d fenfluramine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US FDA, Div Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiol, Reports Evaluat Branch, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Li, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K26,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 23 IS 9 BP 926 EP 928 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801020 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 233WB UT WOS:000082449200003 PM 10490797 ER PT J AU Mulholland, K Smith, PC Broome, CV Gaye, A Whittle, H Greenwood, BM AF Mulholland, K Smith, PC Broome, CV Gaye, A Whittle, H Greenwood, BM TI A randomised trial of a Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in a developing country for the prevention of pneumonia - ethical considerations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Review DE vaccine trials; developing countries; informed consent; Haemophilus influenzae type b ID YOUNG GAMBIAN INFANTS; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE; MEMBRANE PROTEIN COMPLEX; LOBAR PNEUMONIA; CHILDREN; ETIOLOGY; EFFICACY; DISEASE; POLYSACCHARIDE AB In 1993 a placebo-controlled field trial of a Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine was started in The Gambia. At that time Hib conjugate vaccines had been shown to be efficacious in Europe and North America for the prevention of Hib meningitis. However doubts remained about their value in developing countries, where the epidemiology of Hib disease is quite different and the most important manifestation of Hib disease is pneumonia. The ethical issues facing the investigators before and during the trial are outlined in this paper, along with the views of the different groups involved in the trial. The trial demonstrated the efficacy of the vaccine in this setting and revealed the proportion of childhood pneumonia that is likely due to Hib, which was much higher than had previously been estimated. Since the completion of the trial Hib vaccines are now recommended for use in developing countries by the World Health Organization, largely based on the results of this trial. After a delay of 17 months following the completion of the trial, national Hib vaccination was started in The Gambia in 1997 using vaccine provided by a donation from industry. C1 WHO, Vaccines & Other Biol VAD VAB, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mulholland, K (reprint author), WHO, Vaccines & Other Biol VAD VAB, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 3 IS 9 BP 749 EP 755 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 232VW UT WOS:000082391500003 PM 10488880 ER PT J AU Churchyard, CJ Kleinschmidt, I Corbett, EL Mulder, D De Cock, KM AF Churchyard, CJ Kleinschmidt, I Corbett, EL Mulder, D De Cock, KM TI Mycobacterial disease in South African gold miners in the era of HIV infection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; non-tuberculous; HIV; gold miners; case detection; radiological screening ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SILICOSIS; IMPACT; SMEARS AB SETTING: Mining company tuberculosis (TB) clinic, Freestate Province, South Africa. OBJECTIVES: TO investigate the impact of the human immunodeficiency virus (HN) on tuberculosis case rates and case detection methods in miners. DESIGN: Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the central computerised TB database for the period 1990-1996. RESULTS: A total Of 7450 miners had TB, which was smear- or culture-positive in 81% of pulmonary cases. Incidence rates more than doubled between 1990 and 1996, from 1174 to 2476 per 100 000 per year. Nontuberculous mycobacteria, predominantly Mycobacterium Kansasii, were isolated more commonly from retreatment than from new cases (19.5% and 11.5% respectively, P < 0.001). HIV prevalence in TB patients increased from 15% in 1993 to 45% in 1996 (P < 0.001). There was no significant association between HIV and smear status, but HIV-positive patients were more likely than HIV-negative patients to present passively with symptoms rather than through the active radiological screening programme (OR 1.9, P < 0.0001). The overall proportion of patients presenting passively increased from 23% in 1990 to 51% in 1996 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The HIV epidemic has lead to increased TB incidence in South African miners to very high rates, and appears to be impacting on the efficacy of the active radiological screening programme. C1 Aurum Hlth Res, ZA-9460 Welkom, South Africa. S African Med Council, Ctr Epidemiol Res So Africa, Durban, South Africa. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. Univ Amsterdam, Inst Social Med, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Churchyard, CJ (reprint author), Aurum Hlth Res, POB 87, ZA-9460 Welkom, South Africa. OI Corbett, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3552-3181 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 3 IS 9 BP 791 EP 798 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 232VW UT WOS:000082391500010 ER PT J AU Lobato, MN Klevens, RM Li, JM Slutsker, L Fleming, PL AF Lobato, MN Klevens, RM Li, JM Slutsker, L Fleming, PL TI Unreported AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses in persons reported with HIV-related severe immunosuppression SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE AIDS; surveillance; opportunistic illness ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; MEDICAL-CARE; UNITED-STATES; INTERVENTION; ACCESS; WHITE AB To better estimate the distribution of AIDS cases after the 1993 change in the case definition, we assessed the proportion of persons whose AIDS diagnosis was based on laboratory criteria for severe immunosuppression (CD4 count <200 cells/mu l or <14%) and who also had an unreported opportunistic illness (OI) at the time of the CD4 report. Five U.S. reporting sites (Arizona; Los Angeles County, California; New Jersey; Oregon; and Washington State) reviewed AIDS cases reported between January 1 and June 30, 1993. From these sites, 3289 immunologic cases were reported; of these cases, 322 (9.8%; range, 1.6%-16.1%) were in persons who had an unreported OI. More of those who had an unreported OI were male, members of racial groups other than white, injection drug users, and had a CD4 count of <50 cells/mu l at AIDS diagnosis. Because of recent advances in OI prophylaxis and treatment of HIV infection, studies monitoring HIV-related morbidity should assess the occurrence of OIs in a sample of persons reported with HIV and severe immunosuppression. Such assessment will ensure representative ascertainment of initial ADDS-defining OIs and thus improve the usefulness of the data for public health planning and the allocation of resources for patient care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCH STP Off Commun, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. TRW Co Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lobato, MN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCH STP Off Commun, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-6, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 245TV UT WOS:000083125000009 PM 10534149 ER PT J AU McFarlane, M St Lawrence, JS AF McFarlane, M St Lawrence, JS TI Adolescents' recall of sexual behavior: Consistency of self-report and effect of variations in recall duration SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE sexual behavior; self-report; recall; consistency; adolescents ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; HIV RISK BEHAVIOR; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; CONDOM USE; AIDS; RELIABILITY; URBAN; INTERVENTION; PREVENTION; INFECTION AB Purpose: To describe the relationship between adolescents' 2-week, 2-month, and 12-month recall of sexual behavior; to assess the variability of adolescents' self-reported sexual behaviors over a period of 1 year; and to draw conclusions regarding the use of recall periods in measuring self-reported sexual behavior in adolescents. Methods: Data from 296 African-American adolescents (age 12-19 years; 28% male) were analyzed. Baseline data comprise e-week, 2-month, and 12-month recall of number of partners and frequency of condom-protected and unprotected vaginal, oral, and anal sex. Self-reported frequency of refusal of unprotected sex during the 2-week and 2-month recall periods are also included. To assess variability in self-reports of number of partners and frequency of behaviors over time, repeated measures of 2-week and 2-month recall were collected from a subset of the sample (n = 129; 24% male). Results: The strength of correlation among responses from the three recall periods was dependent upon (a) the difference in length of the recall periods, and (b) the nature of the construct being recalled (e.g., number of partners vs, number of behaviors). Longitudinally, the variability of 2-week recall responses was generally larger than the variability in 2-month recall responses. Conclusions: Consistent estimates of adolescents' sexual behavior over a 1-year period may be obtained from several assessments of 2-week recall, or from relatively fewer assessments of 2-month recall data. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1999. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McFarlane, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD SEP PY 1999 VL 25 IS 3 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(98)00156-6 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 228GT UT WOS:000082129300006 PM 10475496 ER PT J AU Everett, SA Husten, CG Kann, L Warren, CW Sharp, D Crossett, L AF Everett, SA Husten, CG Kann, L Warren, CW Sharp, D Crossett, L TI Smoking initiation and smoking patterns among US college students SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE cigarette smoking; college students; initiation; quit attempts ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CESSATION; RISK; AGE; ADOLESCENTS AB The ages at which 18- to 24-year-old college students started smoking and its relationship to subsequent smoking were explored, using data from the 1995 National College Health Risk Behavior Survey. Most students (70%) had tried smoking; among those who had tried, 42% were current smokers, 19% were current frequent smokers, and 13% were current daily smokers. The majority (81%) who had ever smoked daily began doing so at age 18 years or younger, and 19% began smoking daily at age 19 years or older. Women were as likely as men to report ever having smoked a whole cigarette or ever having smoked daily. Most students (82%) who had ever smoked daily had tried to quit, but 3 in 4 were still smokers. Policies and programs designed to prevent the initiation of smoking and to help smokers quit are needed at both the high school and the college levels to reduce the proportion of young adults who smoke cigarettes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, NCCDPHP, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Everett, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 8 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0744-8481 J9 J AM COLL HEALTH JI J. Am. Coll. Health PD SEP PY 1999 VL 48 IS 2 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 236QC UT WOS:000082609200002 PM 10500367 ER PT J AU Thornton, MC Mizuno, Y AF Thornton, MC Mizuno, Y TI Economic well-being and black adult feelings toward immigrants and whites, 1984 SO JOURNAL OF BLACK STUDIES LA English DT Article ID REALISTIC GROUP CONFLICT; AMERICAN PERCEPTIONS; ATTITUDES; POLICY; COMPETITION C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Afro Amer Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thornton, MC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Afro Amer Studies, 4111 HC White Hall,600 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 86 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0021-9347 J9 J BLACK STUD JI J. Black Stud. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 15 EP 44 PG 30 WC Ethnic Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Ethnic Studies; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 230WL UT WOS:000082274600002 ER PT J AU Kiel, DP Rosen, C Dawson-Hughes, MT Hannan, MT McLean, RR Krueqer, K Gagnon, D Wilson, PWF Visser, M Langlois, J AF Kiel, DP Rosen, C Dawson-Hughes, MT Hannan, MT McLean, RR Krueqer, K Gagnon, D Wilson, PWF Visser, M Langlois, J TI Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly persons. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Framingham, MA USA. St Joseph Hosp, Bangor, ME USA. Tufts Univ, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. CDC, NHLBI, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Loma Linda Univ, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI DURHAM PA PO BOX 2759, DURHAM, NC 27715-2759 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 14 SU 1 MA SA312 BP S386 EP S386 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 232CA UT WOS:000082347101013 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Dawson-Hughes, B Calvo, MS Gunter, EW Sahyoun, N AF Looker, AC Dawson-Hughes, B Calvo, MS Gunter, EW Sahyoun, N TI Low serum vitamin D levels appear common in southern US whites during winter. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD USA. Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA. US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. CDC, NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Sahyoun, Nadine/G-2608-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI DURHAM PA PO BOX 2759, DURHAM, NC 27715-2759 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 14 SU 1 MA SA292 BP S381 EP S381 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 232CA UT WOS:000082347100993 ER PT J AU Marco, F Lockhart, SR Pfaller, MA Pujol, C Rangel-Frausto, MS Wiblin, T Blumberg, HM Edwards, JE Jarvis, W Saiman, L Patterson, JE Rinaldi, MG Wenzel, RP Soll, DR AF Marco, F Lockhart, SR Pfaller, MA Pujol, C Rangel-Frausto, MS Wiblin, T Blumberg, HM Edwards, JE Jarvis, W Saiman, L Patterson, JE Rinaldi, MG Wenzel, RP Soll, DR CA Nemis Study Grp TI Elucidating the origins of nosocomial infections with Candida albicans by DNA fingerprinting with the complex probe Ca3 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; RECURRENT VAGINITIS; SYSTEMIC INFECTION AB Computer-assisted DNA fingerprinting with the complex probe Ca3 has been used to analyze the relatedness of isolates collected from individuals with nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) and hospital care workers (HCWs) in the surgical and neonatal intensive care units (ICUs) of four hospitals. The results demonstrate that for the majority of patients (90%), isolates collected from commensal sites before and after collection of a BSI isolate were highly similar or identical to the BSI isolate. In addition, the average similarity coefficient for BSI isolates was similar to that for unrelated control isolates. However, the cluster characteristics of BSI isolates in dendrograms generated for each hospital compared to those of unrelated control isolates in a dendrogram demonstrated a higher degree of clustering of the former. In addition, a higher degree of clustering was observed in mixed dendrograms for HCV isolates and BSI isolates for each of the four test hospitals. In most cases, HCW isolates from an ICU were collected after the related BSI isolate, but in a few cases, the reverse was true. Although the results demonstrate that single, dominant endemic strains are not responsible for nosocomial BSIs in neonatal ICUs and surgical ICUs, they suggest that multiple endemic strains may be responsible for a significant number of cases. The results also suggest that cross-contamination occurs between patients and HCWs and between HCWs in the same ICU and in different ICUs. The temporal sequence of isolation also suggests that in the majority of cases HCWs are contaminated by isolates from colonized patients, but in a significant minority, the reverse is true. The results of this study provide the framework for a strategy for more definitive testing of the origins of Candida albicans strains responsible for nosocomial infections. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Biol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Pathol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Soll, DR (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Biol Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [Z01 AG000214, T32 AG000214]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI39735, R01 AI039735]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE10758] NR 62 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 9 BP 2817 EP 2828 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 226TV UT WOS:000082038900015 PM 10449459 ER PT J AU Khudyakov, YE Lopareva, EN Jue, DL Crews, TK Thyagarajan, SP Fields, HA AF Khudyakov, YE Lopareva, EN Jue, DL Crews, TK Thyagarajan, SP Fields, HA TI Antigenic domains of the open reading frame 2-encoded protein of hepatitis E virus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTED NON-A; NON-B HEPATITIS; PUTATIVE STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; FUSION PROTEINS; MOSAIC PROTEIN; SEQUENCE AB The antigenic composition of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) protein encoded by open reading frame 2 (ORF2) was determined by using synthetic peptides. Three sets of overlapping 18-, 25-, and 30-mer peptides, with each set spanning the entire ORF2 protein of the HEV Burma strain, were synthesized. All synthetic peptides were tested by enzyme immunoassay against a panel of 32 anti-HEV-positive serum specimens obtained from acutely HEV-infected persons. Six antigenic domains within the ORF2 protein were identified. Domains 1 and 6 located at the N and C termini of the ORF2 protein, respectively, contain strong immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antigenic epitopes that can be efficiently modeled with peptides of different sizes. In contrast, antigenic epitopes identified within the two central domains (3 and 4) were modeled more efficiently with 30-mer peptides than with either 18- or 25-mers. Domain 2 located at amino acids (aa) 143 to 222 was modeled best with 25-mer peptides. A few 30-mer synthetic peptides derived from domain 5 identified at aa 490 to 579 demonstrated strong IgM antigenic reactivity. Several 30-mer synthetic peptides derived from domains 1, 4, and 6 immunoreacted with IgG or IgM with more than 70% of anti-HEV-positive serum specimens. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate the existence of six diagnostically relevant antigenic domains within the HEV ORF2 protein. C1 US Dept HHS, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Sci Resources,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Madras, Dept Microbiol, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Khudyakov, YE (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS A-33,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yek0@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 9 BP 2863 EP 2871 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 226TV UT WOS:000082038900022 PM 10449466 ER PT J AU Stafford, KC Massung, RF Magnarelli, LA Ijdo, JW Anderson, JF AF Stafford, KC Massung, RF Magnarelli, LA Ijdo, JW Anderson, JF TI Infection with agents of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease, and babesiosis in wild white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in Connecticut SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; NATURAL INFECTION; HUMORAL RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; TAILED DEER; NEW-YORK; ANTIBODIES; ASSAY; TRANSMISSION AB White-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, were captured in southern Connecticut during 1997 and 1998 to determine the prevalence of infections caused by granulocytic Ehrlichia sp., Borrelia burgdorferi, and Babesia microti. Of the 50 mice captured and recaptured, 25 of 47 (53.2%) and 23 of 48 (47.9%) contained antibodies to the BDS or NCH-1 Ehrlichia strains, respectively, as determined by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) staining methods. The majority (83.3%) of 48 mice also contained antibodies to B. burgdorferi, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, 20 of 26 (76.9%) contained antibodies to B. microti by IFA staining methods. In nested PCR tests using the 16S rRNA gene, the DNA of the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent was detected in 17 of 47 mice (36.2%), but only 4 (23.5%) of these 17 mice were PCR positive at each capture. Antibody-positive reactions to granulocytic Ehrlichia sp. organisms were detected in 17 of 23 (73.9%) of the PCR-positive mice. The sequences from PCR products from nine positive blood samples were identical to the HGE agent. Ehrlichia spp. were cultured from three of five mice captured in April 1998, including one that was PCR positive in April 1997. In addition, 2 of 14 larval Ixodes scapularis pools, which were attached to two PCR-positive mice, contained DNA of the HGE agent. A high percentage of white-footed mice are infected or have been infected naturally by the HGE agent with low-level persistent infection or frequent reinfection in some individual mice. However, the changes noted in the presence of DNA and antibodies in repeated blood and serum samples from individual mice over several months of field collection suggests that infection with granulocytic Ehrlichia is transient in most wild P. leucopus. C1 Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US PHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Rheumatol Sect, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Stafford, KC (reprint author), Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, 123 Huntington St,POB 1106, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. NR 33 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 9 BP 2887 EP 2892 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 226TV UT WOS:000082038900026 PM 10449470 ER PT J AU Smits, HL Ananyina, YV Chereshsky, A Dancel, L Lai-A-Fat, RFM Chee, HD Levett, PN Masuzawa, T Yanagihara, Y Muthusethupathi, MA Sanders, EJ Sasaki, DM Domen, H Yersin, C Aye, T Bragg, SL Gussenhoven, GC Goris, MGA Terpstra, WJ Hartskeerl, RA AF Smits, HL Ananyina, YV Chereshsky, A Dancel, L Lai-A-Fat, RFM Chee, HD Levett, PN Masuzawa, T Yanagihara, Y Muthusethupathi, MA Sanders, EJ Sasaki, DM Domen, H Yersin, C Aye, T Bragg, SL Gussenhoven, GC Goris, MGA Terpstra, WJ Hartskeerl, RA TI International multicenter evaluation of the clinical utility of a dipstick assay for detection of Leptospira-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies in human serum specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; DIAGNOSIS; ELISA AB We performed a multicenter evaluation of a robust and easily performed dipstick assay for the serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis. The assay is aimed at the detection of Leptospira-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. The study involved 2,665 serum samples collected from 2,057 patients with suspected leptospirosis in 12 countries on five continents with different levels of endemicity and different surveillance systems. The patients were grouped as laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis case patients and noncase patients based on the results of culturing and the microscopic agglutination test. Paired samples from 27.7% of the subjects were tested. Of the 485 case patients, 87.4% had a positive dipstick result for one or more samples. Of the 1,513 noncase patients, only 7.2% had a positive result. Whereas most (88,4%) of the positive samples from the ease patients showed moderate to strong (2+ to 4+) staining in the dipstick assay, most (68.1%) of the positive samples from the noncase patients showed weak (1+) staining. The sensitivity of the dipstick assay increased from 60.1% far acute-phase serum samples to 87.4% for convalescent-phase samples. The specificities for these two groups of samples were 94.1 and 92.7%, respectively, The dipstick assay detected a broad variety of serogroups. The results of the dipstick assay were concordant (observed agreement, 93.2%; kappa value, 0.76) with the results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of specific IgM antibodies, a test which is often used in the laboratory diagnosis of current or recent leptospirosis. This study demonstrated that this easily performed dipstick assay is a valuable and useful test for the quick screening for leptospirosis; has a wide applicability in different countries with different degrees of endemicity; can be used at all levels of the health care system, including the field; and mill be useful for detecting and monitoring outbreaks of leptospirosis. C1 Royal Trop Inst, Dept Biomed Res, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Russian Acad Med Sci, NF Gamaleya Epidemiol & Microbiol Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. ESR Hlth Communicable Dis Ctr, Wellington, New Zealand. Univ Philippines, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Med Microbiol, Manila, Philippines. Acad Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Paramaribo, Surinam. Acad Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Paramaribo, Surinam. Minist Hlth & Environm, Leptospira Lab, St Michael, Barbados. Univ Shizuoka, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Microbiol, Shizuoka 422, Japan. Chennai Med Coll Tamil Nadu, Dept Nephrol, Chennai, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Honolulu, HI USA. Dept Hlth, Med Microbiol Branch, Pearl City, HI USA. Victoria Hosp, Dept Med, Victoria, Seychelles. RP Smits, HL (reprint author), Royal Trop Inst, Dept Biomed Res, Meibergdreef 39, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 13 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 9 BP 2904 EP 2909 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 226TV UT WOS:000082038900029 PM 10449473 ER PT J AU Childs, JE Sumner, JW Nicholson, WL Massung, RF Standaert, SM Paddock, CD AF Childs, JE Sumner, JW Nicholson, WL Massung, RF Standaert, SM Paddock, CD TI Outcome of diagnostic tests using samples from patients with culture-proven human monocytic ehrlichiosis: Implications for surveillance SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; AGENT; ASSAY AB We describe the concordance among results from various laboratory tests using samples derived from nine culture-proven cases of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, A class-specific indirect immunofluorescence assay for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG, using E. chaffeensis antigen, identified 44 and 33% of the isolation-confirmed HME patients on the basis of samples obtained at initial clinical presentation, respectively; detection of morulae in blood smears was similarly insensitive (22% positive). PCR amplifications of ehrlichial DNA targeting the 16S rRNA gene, the variable-length PCR target gene, and the groESL operon were positive for whole blood specimens obtained from all patients at initial presentation. As most case definitions of HME require a serologic response with compatible illness for a categorization of even probable disease, PCR would have been required to confirm the diagnosis of HME in all nine of these patients without the submission of a convalescent-phase serum sample. These data suggest that many, if not most, cases of HME in patients who present early in the course of the disease may be missed and underscore the limitations of serologically based surveillance systems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 21 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 9 BP 2997 EP 3000 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 226TV UT WOS:000082038900045 PM 10449489 ER PT J AU O'Hara, CM Steigerwalt, AG Green, D McDowell, M Hill, BC Brenner, DJ Miller, JM AF O'Hara, CM Steigerwalt, AG Green, D McDowell, M Hill, BC Brenner, DJ Miller, JM TI Isolation of Providencia heimbachae from human feces SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AB Providencia heimbachae was first described in 1986. It has been isolated from penguin feces and an aborted bovine fetus. To date, there has been no reported isolation of this organism from human specimens. We now report the isolation of P. heimbachae from the stool of a 23-year-old woman with idiopathic diarrhea. The identity of the human strain was determined biochemically and by DNA relatedness to the type strain of P. heimbachae. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. State Washington Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP O'Hara, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 9 BP 3048 EP 3050 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 226TV UT WOS:000082038900060 ER PT J AU Pope, V Castro, A AF Pope, V Castro, A TI Replacement for 30-milliliter flat-bottomed, glass-stoppered, round bottles used in VDRL antigen preparation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB When the flat-bottomed, glass-stoppered, round bottle traditionally used to make VDRL antigen was discontinued, an appropriate substitute was needed. Although many laboratories have switched to one of the other nontreponemal tests for syphilis serology screening, the VDRL, test remains the only approved procedure for testing spinal fluids of patients with possible neurosyphilis. We tested 25-ml glass-stoppered, convex-bottomed Erlenmeyer flasks to determine if these could be used as appropriate substitutes. We tested 52 reactive sera and 54 nonreactive sera by using one reference antigen prepared in the traditional Bat-bottomed bottles and five antigens prepared in the Erlenmeyer flasks. Results with all serum samples were comparable. We also tested two lots of a commercial antigen plus an additional lot of reference antigen. Again there was no difference in the reactivity of the antigens. Therefore, we conclude that 25-ml glass-stoppered Erlenmeyer flasks can be used as an appropriate substitute for glass-stoppered, flat-bottomed, round glass bottles in the making of VDRL antigen. C1 CDC, Bacterial STD Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pope, V (reprint author), CDC, Bacterial STD Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop D13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 9 BP 3053 EP 3054 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 226TV UT WOS:000082038900062 PM 10449506 ER PT J AU Cleare, W Brandt, ME Casadevall, A AF Cleare, W Brandt, ME Casadevall, A TI Monoclonal antibody 13F1 produces annular immunofluorescence patterns on Cryptococcus neoformans serotype AD isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Cleare, W (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 9 BP 3080 EP 3080 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 226TV UT WOS:000082038900073 PM 10475750 ER PT J AU Del Aguila, C Izquierdo, F Navajas, R Pieniazek, NJ Miro, G Alonso, AI Da Silva, AJ Fenoy, S AF Del Aguila, C Izquierdo, F Navajas, R Pieniazek, NJ Miro, G Alonso, AI Da Silva, AJ Fenoy, S TI Enterocytozoon bieneusi in animals: Rabbits and dogs as new hosts SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY 1997 CL LILLE, FRANCE ID SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; MICROSPORIDIAL INFECTIONS; AIDS PATIENT; IDENTIFICATION; DIARRHEA; REGION; HELLEM C1 Univ San Pablo CEU, Fac CCEE & Tecn, Sec Parasitol, Madrid, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Vet, Dept Patol Anim, Madrid, Spain. RP Del Aguila, C (reprint author), Univ San Pablo CEU, Fac CCEE & Tecn, Sec Parasitol, Ctra Boadilla del Monte Km 5 3, Madrid, Spain. RI del Aguila, Carmen/A-6063-2016; Fenoy, Soledad /A-9633-2016 OI del Aguila, Carmen/0000-0003-0063-7899; Fenoy, Soledad /0000-0002-5218-6308 NR 22 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 8S EP 9S PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 242TZ UT WOS:000082958900018 PM 10519225 ER PT J AU Visvesvara, GS Belloso, M Moura, H Da Silva, AJ Moura, INS Leitch, GJ Schwartz, DA Chevez-Barrios, P Wallace, S Pieniazek, NJ Goosey, JD AF Visvesvara, GS Belloso, M Moura, H Da Silva, AJ Moura, INS Leitch, GJ Schwartz, DA Chevez-Barrios, P Wallace, S Pieniazek, NJ Goosey, JD TI Isolation of Nosema algerae from the cornea of an immunocompetent patient SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY 1997 CL LILLE, FRANCE ID AIDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Houston Eye Associates, Houston, TX USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30335 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 10S EP 10S PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 242TZ UT WOS:000082958900019 PM 10519226 ER PT J AU Kucerova-Pospisilova, Z Carr, D Leitch, G Scanlon, M Visvesvara, GS AF Kucerova-Pospisilova, Z Carr, D Leitch, G Scanlon, M Visvesvara, GS TI Environmental resistance of Encephalitozoon spores SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY 1997 CL LILLE, FRANCE C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kucerova-Pospisilova, Z (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034] NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 11S EP 13S PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 242TZ UT WOS:000082958900020 PM 10519227 ER PT J AU Moura, H da Silva, AJ Moura, INS Schwartz, DA Leitch, G Wallace, S Pieniazek, NJ Wirtz, RA Visvesvara, GS AF Moura, H da Silva, AJ Moura, INS Schwartz, DA Leitch, G Wallace, S Pieniazek, NJ Wirtz, RA Visvesvara, GS TI Characterization of Nosema algerae isolates after continuous cultivation in mammalian cells at 37 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY 1997 CL LILLE, FRANCE ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MOSQUITO PARASITE; AIDS; PATIENT; INFECTION; CULTURE; IDENTIFICATION; SPORES; URINE C1 CDC, Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. HEC FIOCRUZ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Moura, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 14S EP 16S PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 242TZ UT WOS:000082958900021 PM 10519228 ER PT J AU Scanlon, M Leitch, GJ Shaw, AP Moura, H Visvesvara, GS AF Scanlon, M Leitch, GJ Shaw, AP Moura, H Visvesvara, GS TI Susceptibility to apoptosis is reduced in the microsporidia-infected host cell SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY 1997 CL LILLE, FRANCE ID BCL-2 C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Scanlon, M (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034] NR 11 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 34S EP 35S PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 242TZ UT WOS:000082958900030 PM 10519237 ER PT J AU Leitch, GJ Scanlon, M Shaw, A Visvesvara, GS AF Leitch, GJ Scanlon, M Shaw, A Visvesvara, GS TI Modifications of the cytoskeleton in Encephalitozoon-infected cells SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY 1997 CL LILLE, FRANCE C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Leitch, GJ (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034] NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 36S EP 37S PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 242TZ UT WOS:000082958900031 PM 10519238 ER PT J AU Morgan, U Xiao, LH Sulaiman, I Weber, R Lal, AA Thompson, RCA Deplazes, P AF Morgan, U Xiao, LH Sulaiman, I Weber, R Lal, AA Thompson, RCA Deplazes, P TI Which genotypes/species of Cryptosporidium are humans susceptible to? SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY 1997 CL LILLE, FRANCE ID CATS C1 Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Zurich Hosp, Div Infect Dis, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Zurich, Inst Parasitol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Morgan, U (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Infektiologie, USZ/A-6921-2011; Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 11 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 42S EP 43S PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 242TZ UT WOS:000082958900034 PM 10519241 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Limor, JR Li, LX Morgan, U Thompson, RCA Lal, AA AF Xiao, LH Limor, JR Li, LX Morgan, U Thompson, RCA Lal, AA TI Presence of heterogeneous copies of the small subunit rRNA gene in Cryptosporidium parvum human and marsupial genotypes and Cryptosporidium felis SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY 1997 CL LILLE, FRANCE ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PCR; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; OOCYSTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU PHS HHS [DW75937730-01-0] NR 10 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 44S EP 45S PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 242TZ UT WOS:000082958900035 PM 10519242 ER PT J AU Aiello, AE Xiao, LH Limor, JR Liu, C Abrahamsen, MS Lal, AA AF Aiello, AE Xiao, LH Limor, JR Liu, C Abrahamsen, MS Lal, AA TI Microsatellite analysis of the human and bovine genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY 1997 CL LILLE, FRANCE ID DIFFERENTIATION; SEQUENCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU PHS HHS [DW75937730-01-0] NR 9 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 46S EP 47S PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 242TZ UT WOS:000082958900036 PM 10519243 ER PT J AU Camero, L Arrowood, M Shulaw, Y Lal, AA Xiao, LH AF Camero, L Arrowood, M Shulaw, Y Lal, AA Xiao, LH TI Characterization of new monoclonal antibodies against Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY 1997 CL LILLE, FRANCE ID MICRONEMES POSSESSING EPITOPES; INFECTION; GRANULES; OUTBREAK; ANTIGEN; WATER C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 58S EP 59S PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 242TZ UT WOS:000082958900041 PM 10519248 ER PT J AU Beard, CB Jennings, VM Teague, WG Carter, JL Mabry, J Moura, H Visvesvara, GS Collins, WE Navin, TR AF Beard, CB Jennings, VM Teague, WG Carter, JL Mabry, J Moura, H Visvesvara, GS Collins, WE Navin, TR TI Experimental inoculation of immunosuppressed owl monkeys with Pneumocystis carinii f. sp hominis SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY 1997 CL LILLE, FRANCE ID TRANSPLANTATION; SURVIVAL; PRIMATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Pulmonol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beard, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 113S EP 115S PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 242TZ UT WOS:000082958900067 PM 10519274 ER PT J AU Tinkle, SS Kittle, LA Newman, LS AF Tinkle, SS Kittle, LA Newman, LS TI Partial IL-10 inhibition of the cell-mediated immune response in chronic beryllium disease SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; GAMMA IFN-GAMMA; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; PULMONARY SARCOIDOSIS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; REGULATORY ROLE; MESSENGER-RNA AB Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) provides a human disorder in which to study the delayed type IV hypersensitivity response to persistent Ag that leads to noncaseating pulmonary granuloma formation. We hypothesized that, in CBD, failure of IL-10 to modulate the beryllium-specific, cell-mediated immune response would result in persistent, maximal cytokine production and T lymphocyte proliferation, thus contributing to the development of granulomatous lung disease. To test this hypothesis, we used bronchoalveolar lavage cells from control and CBD subjects to evaluate the beryllium salt-specific production of endogenous IL-10 and the effects of exogenous human rIL-10 (rhIL-10) on HLA expression, on the production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, and on T lymphocyte proliferation. Our data demonstrate that beryllium-stimulated bronchoalveolar lavage cells produce IL-10, and the neutralization of endogenous IL-10 does not increase significantly cytokine production, HLA expression, or T lymphocyte proliferation. Second, the addition of excess exogenous rhIL-10 partially inhibited the beryllium-stimulated production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha; however, we measured no change in T lymphocyte proliferation or in the percentage of alveolar macrophages expressing HLA-DP, Interestingly, beryllium salts interfered with an IL-10-stimulated decrease in the percentage of alveolar macrophages expressing HLA-DR. We conclude that, in the CBD-derived, beryllium-stimulated cell-mediated immune response, low levels of endogenous IL-10 have no appreciable effect; exogenous rhIL-10 has a limited effect on cytokine production and no effect on T lymphocyte proliferation or HLA expression. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ct, Dept Med, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm Sci & Crit Care Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Div Pulm Sci & Crit Care Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. RP Tinkle, SS (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1RR00051]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-27353]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-04843] NR 49 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 163 IS 5 BP 2747 EP 2753 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 228FA UT WOS:000082125400053 PM 10453017 ER PT J AU Dworkin, MS Wan, PCT Hanson, DL Jones, JL AF Dworkin, MS Wan, PCT Hanson, DL Jones, JL CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum HIV Dis Project TI Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Improved survival of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in the protease inhibitor era SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY FEB 01-05, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PROLONGED SURVIVAL; UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; AIDS; DISEASE AB To examine factors affecting survival after diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), we analyzed data from an observational cohort study, the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease project. We identified 415 patients diagnosed with PML during 1990-1997. The median survival time after diagnosis was 1 month. By use of an extended proportional hazards, multivariate regression model, risk factors associated with decreased survival time included CD4 count <0.20 x 10(9) cells/L (risk ratio [RR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-3.5) compared with <0.20 x 10(9) cells/L, whereas factors associated with increased survival time were prescription of antiretroviral medication that contained a protease inhibitor (RR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.4) and prescription of other antiretroviral medication (RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5-0.8) compared with no antiretroviral prescription. We conclude that protease inhibitor use tin combination antiretroviral therapy) is likely to favorably affect survival time after diagnosis of PML. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 180 IS 3 BP 621 EP 625 DI 10.1086/314937 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 230HT UT WOS:000082246300008 PM 10438348 ER PT J AU Otten, RA Ellenberger, DL Adams, DR Fridlund, CA Jackson, E Pieniazek, D Rayfield, MA AF Otten, RA Ellenberger, DL Adams, DR Fridlund, CA Jackson, E Pieniazek, D Rayfield, MA TI Identification of a window period for susceptibility to dual infection with two distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 2 isolates in a Macaca nemestrina (pig-tailed macaque) model SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIth International Conference on AIDS CY JUL 07-13, 1996 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RHESUS MACAQUES; HIV TYPE-1; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SIV VACCINE; CHALLENGE; SUBTYPES; LIVE; ANTIBODY; SUPERINFECTION AB The potential to establish dual retroviral infections was investigated in this study. Groups of macaques infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) isolate (either GB122 or CDC77618) were exposed to the other virus at 2, 4, 8, 12, 14, or 72 weeks after primary inoculation. Dual infections were established in macaques simultaneously exposed to both viruses. In other groups, secondary infections were observed only if challenge occurred at early intervals after primary infection but before a full seroconversion, Polymerase chain reaction and virus-isolation data demonstrated that challenges at 8, 12, 14, or 72 weeks after infection with the initial isolate failed to result in a dual infection. Anti-HIV-2 serologic titers, CD4 levels, virus burden, and the ability to superinfect peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro were not correlated with susceptibility to or protection from secondary challenges in this investigation. These findings demonstrate a window period for susceptibility to dual infection and indicate that protection from retroviral infection may be achievable. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Otten, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 56 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 180 IS 3 BP 673 EP 684 DI 10.1086/314968 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 230HT UT WOS:000082246300014 PM 10438354 ER PT J AU Maloney, EM Armien, B Gracia, F Castillo, L Kruger, H Levin, A Levine, PH Kaplan, JE Blattner, WA Giusti, RM AF Maloney, EM Armien, B Gracia, F Castillo, L Kruger, H Levin, A Levine, PH Kaplan, JE Blattner, WA Giusti, RM TI Risk factors for human T cell lymphotropic virus type II infection among the Guaymi Indians of Panama SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Human Retrovirology, HTLV CY JUN 09-13, 1997 CL RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL ID HTLV-II; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; DRUG-USERS AB To examine risk factors for human T cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) infection, a case-control study was conducted among the Guaymi Indians of Panama. In females, HTLV-II seropositivity was associated with early sexual intercourse (less than or equal to 13 vs. >15 years; odds ratio [OR], 2.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-6.14) and number of lifetime sex partners. One partner increased risk of seropositivity by 30% (OR, 1.30; CI, 1.05-1.64), and risk increased with number of partners. Similar risk was associated with number of long-term sexual relationships. Among males, intercourse with prostitutes was associated with HTLV-II seropositivity (OR, 1.68; CI, 1.04-2.72). These data support a role for sexual transmission in HTLV-II infection. Association of seropositivity with primary residence in a traditional village (OR, 3.75; CI, 1.02-15.38) and lack of formal education (0 vs. >6 years [OR, 3.89; CI, 1.67-9.82]) observed in males may reflect differences in sexual practices associated with acculturation. C1 NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Epidemiol & Biostat Program, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Conmemorativo Gorgas, HTLV Project, Panama City, Panama. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Human Virol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Maloney, EM (reprint author), NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Epidemiol & Biostat Program, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Eexcut Plaza N,Room 434,6130 Execut Blvd,MSC 7399, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CP-33005] NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 180 IS 3 BP 876 EP 879 DI 10.1086/314916 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 230HT UT WOS:000082246300044 PM 10438384 ER PT J AU Bove, FJ Slade, BA Canady, RA AF Bove, FJ Slade, BA Canady, RA TI Evidence of excess cancer mortality in a cohort of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bove, FJ (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 41 IS 9 BP 739 EP 741 DI 10.1097/00043764-199909000-00001 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 236QP UT WOS:000082610300001 PM 10491786 ER PT J CA Centers Dis Control Prevention TI Trends in HIV-related sexual risk behaviors among high school students - Selected U.S. cities, 1991-1997 (reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 440, 1999) SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Reprint C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 1999 VL 69 IS 7 BP 255 EP 257 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 241GM UT WOS:000082874300001 ER PT J AU Pateman, B Grunbaum, JA Kann, L AF Pateman, B Grunbaum, JA Kann, L TI Voices from the field - A qualitative analysis of classroom, school, district, and state health education policies and programs SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB This study provides a qualitative analysis of responses from classroom-, school-, district-, and state-level educators and administrators to open-ended questions about school health education. These questions Mle,a posed as part of the School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS), conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1994, and elicited a range of responses about the status of school health education programs and factors that facilitated and hindered the delivery of such programs. To improve school health education ill the United States, respondents cited the need to increase the value and priority of health education in the school curriculum and advocated for 1) professional preparation bl health education for persons teaching health-related courses, 2) health education course curricula to address important and timely issues, 3) student testing in health education, 4) improved resources and support for health education, and 5) increased communication and collaboration with their schools and communities related to health education. C1 Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pateman, B (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, WA2-225E,1176 Univ Ave, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 1999 VL 69 IS 7 BP 258 EP 263 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 241GM UT WOS:000082874300002 PM 10529963 ER PT J AU Ilabaca, M Olaeta, I Campos, E Villaire, J Tellez-Rojo, MM Romieu, I AF Ilabaca, M Olaeta, I Campos, E Villaire, J Tellez-Rojo, MM Romieu, I TI Association between levels of fine particulate and emergency visits for pneumonia and other respiratory illnesses among children in Santiago, Chile SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Air-and-Waste-Management-Assoication International Specialty Conference on PM25 - A Fine Particle Standard (A&WMA) CY JAN 28-30, 1998 CL LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP Air & Waste Management Assoc ID AIR-POLLUTION; ROOM VISITS AB Recent evidence has implicated the fine fraction of particulate as the major contributor to the increase in mortality and morbidity related to particulate ambient levels. We therefore evaluated the impact of daily variation of ambient PM2.5 and other pollutants on the number of daily respiratory-related emergency visits (REVs) to a large pediatric hospital of Santiago, Chile. The study was conducted from February 1995 to August 1996. Four monitoring stations from the network of Santiago provided air pollution data. The PM2.5 24-hr average ranged from 10 to 111 mu g/m(3) during September to April (warm months) and from 10 to 156 mu g/m(3) during May to August (cold months). Other contaminants (ozone (O-3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)) were, in general, low during the study period. The increase in REVs was significantly related to PM10 and PM2.5 ambient levels, with the relationship between PM2.5 levels and the number of REVs the stronger. During the cold months, an increase of 45 mu g/m(3) in the PM2.5 24-hr average was related to a 2.7% increase in the number of REVs (95% CI, 1.1-4.4%) with a two-day lag, and to an increase of 6.7% (95% CI, 1.7-12.0%) in the number of visits for pneumonia with a three-day lag. SO2 and NO2 were also related to REVs. We conclude that urban air pollutant mixture, particularly fine particulates, adversely affect the respiratory health of children residing in Santiago. C1 Serv Salud Medio Ambiente, Santiago, Chile. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ilabaca, M (reprint author), Serv Salud Medio Ambiente, Av President Bulnes 175, Santiago, Chile. NR 20 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 8 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 49 SI SI BP 154 EP 163 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243ZB UT WOS:000083026400018 PM 11002834 ER PT J AU Debboun, M Strickman, D Klein, TA Glass, JA Wylie, E Laughinghouse, A Wirtz, RA Gupta, RK AF Debboun, M Strickman, D Klein, TA Glass, JA Wylie, E Laughinghouse, A Wirtz, RA Gupta, RK TI Laboratory evaluation of AI3-37220, AI3-35765, CIC-4, and deet repellents against three species of mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Anopheles stephensi; Culex quinquefasciatus; piperidines; lactone; in vitro ID FIELD-EVALUATION; N,N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE DEET; 4 REPELLENTS; DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; FORMULATIONS; PERMETHRIN; PROTECTION; EXPOSURE; DISEASE AB Four repellents, N,N-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (deet), 2-hydroxy-methyl-cyclohexyl acetic acid lactone (CIC-4), and 2 piperidines (1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl] piperidine [AI3-35765] and 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine [AI3-37220]) were evaluated alone and in combination against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus using a modified in vitro test system. This method was a valuable tool for comparing effective concentrations of the new compounds. Because of the controlled conditions of the test, it was possible to use the results of assays that had been conducted over a 5-year period and to perform the many replications necessary to evaluate combinations of compounds. The new candidate repellents were generally as effective as deet. Although speculative at this time, there was some evidence of synergistic interaction. Repellent combinations of CIC-4/AI3-37220/AI3-35767, deet/AI3-35765, and deet/AI3-37220/AI3-35765 against An. stephensi and CIC-4/AI3-35765, deet/AI3-37220/AI3-35765, AI3-37220/AI3-35765, and CIC-4/AI3-37220 against Ae. aegypti were more effective than the component compounds alone. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Commun Dis & Immunol, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Malaria Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Debboun, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Commun Dis & Immunol, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 342 EP 347 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 231NK UT WOS:000082316500015 PM 10480126 ER PT J AU Clark, GG Rangel, YN AF Clark, GG Rangel, YN TI Mosquito vector control and biology in Latin America - A ninth symposium SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mosquitoes; mosquito control; Aedes; Anopheles; Culex; Lutzomyia; Triatoma; resistance AB The ninth annual Latin American symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 65th Annual Meeting in St. Louis, MO, in February 1999. The principal objective, as for the previous 8 symposia, was to promote participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 44 presentations that were given orally in Spanish or presented as posters by participants from 8 countries in Latin America. Topics addressed in the symposium included results from chemical and biological control programs and studies, studies of insecticide resistance, and molecular, ecological, and behavioral studies of vectors of dengue (Aedes aegypti), malaria (Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles aquasalis), leishmaniasis (Lutzomyia). and Chagas' disease (Triatoma). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. Cent Univ Venezuela, Inst Zool Trop, Lab Biol Vectores, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Clark, GG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, 2 Calle Casia, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 407 EP 421 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 231NK UT WOS:000082316500023 ER PT J AU Pollock, DA AF Pollock, DA TI Summary of the discussion: Trauma registry data and TRISS evidence SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CARE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control F41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pollock, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control F41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD SEP PY 1999 VL 47 IS 3 SU S BP S56 EP S58 DI 10.1097/00005373-199909001-00012 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 237JA UT WOS:000082651100011 PM 10496612 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, ML Pollock, D Waxweiler, R AF Rosenberg, ML Pollock, D Waxweiler, R TI Dinner address: Trauma care systems - What's the catch? SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rosenberg, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, K02,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD SEP PY 1999 VL 47 IS 3 SU S BP S81 EP S84 DI 10.1097/00005373-199909001-00018 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 237JA UT WOS:000082651100017 PM 10496618 ER PT J AU Joffe, GP Rodewald, LE Herbert, T Barth, R Szilagyi, PG AF Joffe, GP Rodewald, LE Herbert, T Barth, R Szilagyi, PG TI Scattering of primary care: Doctor switching and utilization of health care by children on fee-for-service Medicaid SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREVENTIVE SERVICES; AMBULATORY CARE; MANAGED CARE; ACCESS; CONTINUITY; INFANTS AB Objective. To determine whether children on fee-for-service Medicaid who switch primary care doctors use less health care and are less up to date with preventive care visits than children who do not switch primary care doctors. Design. Retrospective cohort study using Medicaid claims data. Setting. 51,027 children enrolled on Medicaid in Monroe County, New York. Patients. 14,187 children enrolled continuously on fee-for-service Medicaid between January 1992 and December 1994. Main Outcome Measures. Utilization of primary care, emergency department (ED) services, and specialty care and proportion up to date with preventive care visits according to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Results. During the 2-year study period, 22% of children switched primary care doctors. Compared with children who did not switch primary care doctors, those who switched had more primary care visits (4.7 vs. 3.2 visits/year, P < .01), age-adjusted preventive care visits (1.2 vs. 1.0 visits/year), ED visits (0.72 vs. 0.47 visits/year, P < .01), and specialist visits (0.99 vs. 0.31, P < .01). On multivariate analysis, doctor switching was associated with increased odds of being up to date with preventive care visits (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 2.1). However, on multivariate analysis stratified by age, the association was significant only for older children (ages 11 to 14). Altogether, 68% of all children and 44% of infants less than 1 year old made the recommended number of preventive care visits during the study period. Conclusions. All groups of children received less preventive care than recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Children who switched primary care doctors had higher utilization of health care, including primary care, ED, and specialty care. Contrary to expectations, they were more likely to be up to date with preventive care visits. The heavy utilization of health services by doctor switchers indicates that this subgroup of children on Medicaid may not be at risk for poor access to health care, but additional research is needed to determine whether the quality of care is related to doctor switching. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Rochester Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14621 USA. RP Szilagyi, PG (reprint author), Strong Mem Hosp, Dept Pediat, Box 632,601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [F32 HS000089, 1F32 HS00089-01] NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD SEP PY 1999 VL 76 IS 3 BP 322 EP 334 DI 10.1007/BF02345671 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 228QN UT WOS:000082147300004 PM 12607899 ER PT J AU Kirby, LB Rosenthal, D Atkins, CP Brown, A Matsuura, JH Clark, MD Pallos, L AF Kirby, LB Rosenthal, D Atkins, CP Brown, A Matsuura, JH Clark, MD Pallos, L TI Comparison between the transabdominal and retroperitoneal approaches for aortic reconstruction in patients at high risk SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Southern-Association-for-Vascular-Surgery CY JAN 27-30, 1999 CL NAPLES, FLORIDA SP So Assoc Vasc Surg ID TRANSPERITONEAL; ANEURYSMS; SURGERY; REPAIR AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the transabdominal approach with the retroperitoneal approach for elective aortic reconstruction in the patient who is at high risk. Methods: From January 1992 through January 1997, 148 patients underwent aortic operations: 92 of the patients were classified as American Society of Anesthesia (ASA) class IV. Forty-four operations on the patients of ASA class IV were performed with the transabdominal approach (25 for abdominal aortic aneurysms and 19 for aortoiliac occlusive disease), and 48 operations were performed with the retroperitoneal approach (27 for abdominal aortic aneurysms and 21 for aortoiliac occlusive disease). There were no significant differences between the groups for comorbid risk factors or perioperative care. Results: Among the patients of ASA class TV, eight (8.7%) died after operation (retroperitoneal, 3 [6.26%]; transabdominal, 5 [11.3%]; P =.5). There was no difference between groups in the number of pulmonary complications (retroperitoneal, 23 [47.9%]; transabdominal, 19 [43.2%]; P =.7) or in the development of incisional hernias (retroperitoneal, 6 [12.5%]; transabdominal, 5 [11.3%]; P =.5). The retroperitoneal approach was associated with a significant reduction in cardiac complications (retroperitoneal, 6 [12.5%]; transabdominal, 10 [22.7%]; P =.004) and in gastrointestinal complications (retroperitoneal, 5 [8.3%]; transabdominal, 15 [34.1%]). Operative time was significantly longer in the retroperitoneal group (retroperitoneal, 3.35 hours; transabdominal, 2.98 hours; P =.006), as was blood loss (retroperitoneal, 803 mt; transabdominal, 647 mL; P =.012). The patients in the retroperitoneal group required less intravenous narcotics (retroperitoneal, 36.6 +/- 21 mg; transabdominal, 49.5 +/- 28.5 mg; P =.004) and less epidural analgesics (retroperitoneal, 39.5 +/- 6.4 mg; transabdominal, 56.6 +/- 9.5 mg; P =.004). Hospital length of stay (retroperitoneal, 7.2 +/- 1.6 days; transabdominal, 12.8 +/- 2.3 days; P =.024) and hospital charges (retroperitoneal, $35,587 +/- $980; transabdominal, $54,832 +/- $1105; P =.04) were significantly lower in the retroperitoneal group. The survival rates at the 40-month follow-up period were similar bet between the groups (retroperitoneal, 81.3%; transabdominal, 78.7%; P =.53). Conclusion: In this subset of patients who were at high risk for aortic reconstruction, the postoperative complications were common. However, the number of complications was significantly lower in the retroperitoneal group. Aortic reconstruction in patients of ASA class IV appears to be more safely and economically performed with the retroperitoneal approach. C1 Atlanta Vasc Specialists, Georgia Baptist Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rosenthal, D (reprint author), 315 Blvd NE,Ste 412, Atlanta, GA 30312 USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 400 EP 405 DI 10.1016/S0741-5214(99)70066-2 PG 6 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 234YP UT WOS:000082512200003 PM 10477632 ER PT J AU Tripp, RA Moore, D Jones, L Sullender, W Winter, J Anderson, LJ AF Tripp, RA Moore, D Jones, L Sullender, W Winter, J Anderson, LJ TI Respiratory syncytial virus G and/or SH protein alters Th1 cytokines, natural killer cells, and neutrophils responding to pulmonary infection in BALB/c mice SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORMALIN-INACTIVATED RSV; CD8(+) T-CELLS; GLYCOPROTEIN-G; TRACT DISEASE; LUNG-DISEASE; VACCINE; EOSINOPHILIA; IMMUNIZATION; EXPRESSION; CHALLENGE AB BALB/c mice sensitized to vaccinia virus expressed G protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) develop a Th2-type cytokine response and pulmonary eosinophilia when challenged with live RSV. In this study, BALB/c mice were immunized or challenged with am RSV mutant lacking the G and SH proteins or with DNA vaccines coding for RSV G or F protein. F or G protein DNA vaccines were capable of sensitizing for pulmonary eosinophilia. The absence of the G and/or SH protein in the infecting virus resulted in a consistent increase both in pulmonary natural killer cells and in gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor expression, as well as, with primary infection, a variable increase in neutrophils and CD11b(+) cells. The development of pulmonary eosinophilia in formalin-inactivated RSV-vaccinated mice required the presence of the G and/or SH protein in the challenge virus. These data show that G and/or SH protein has a marked impact on the inflammatory and innate immune response to RSV infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI37197, AI33425] NR 38 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 73 IS 9 BP 7099 EP 7107 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 225ME UT WOS:000081964700001 PM 10438795 ER PT J AU Doyle, JP Frank, E Saltzman, LE McMahon, PM Fielding, BD AF Doyle, JP Frank, E Saltzman, LE McMahon, PM Fielding, BD TI Domestic violence and sexual abuse in women physicians: Associated medical, psychiatric, and professional difficulties SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES PHYSICIANS; PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS; HEALTH OUTCOMES; PREVALENCE; VICTIMIZATION; PREVENTION; EDUCATION; IMPACT; RAPE AB Physicians have been called on to identify victims of domestic violence (DV) and sexual abuse (SA). Few data exist, however, on the prevalence of DV and SA in physicians themselves or on the personal or professional sequelae of such experiences. We determined the reported lifetime prevalence of DV and SA among women physicians and the personal characteristics, health-related factors, and work-related factors associated with these forms of abuse. We used data from the Women Physicians' Health Study, a large (n = 4501 respondents), nationally distributed questionnaire study that included questions on DV and SA histories, personal characteristics, and psychiatric, medical, and work-related histories. We compared the characteristics of women physicians with and without histories of DV or SA. The logistic models indicate that women physicians reporting DV histories (3.7% of the population) were significantly (p < 0.05) less likely to be single and significantly more likely to report depression histories, suicide attempts, substance abuse, current or past cigarette smoking, severe daily stress at home, chronic fatigue syndrome, and DV experienced by their mothers. Women physicians reporting SA histories ((4.7% of the population) were significantly more likely to be younger than 60 years, identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual, to have specialized in psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology, or emergency medicine, and to report histories of depression, suicide attempts, eating disorders,;and fair or poor perceived health status. Although the reported lifetime prevalence of DV and SA among women physicians is below other reported figures, such experiences are associated with medical and psychiatric difficulties that could negatively affect them personally and professionally. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Med, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Family & Prevent Med, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Doyle, JP (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Med, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Thomas Glenn Mem Bldg,69 Butler St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [5T32-HL-07034] NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 8 IS 7 BP 955 EP 965 DI 10.1089/jwh.1.1999.8.955 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 245NU UT WOS:000083115700010 PM 10534298 ER PT J AU Kaplan, EH Satten, GA AF Kaplan, EH Satten, GA TI Hold everything! Holding policies for protecting plasma supplies SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE plasma donor screening; HIV transmission; holding policy; window period; renewal theory; cost benefit analysis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; SCREENED BLOOD; UNITED-STATES; RISK; SAFETY; DONORS; TIME AB In spite of advances in testing technologies for detecting infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), occasionally blood or plasma is collected that is potentially infectious, but is not detected as such by existing screening tests. We consider the effect of a holding policy for further reducing the number of potentially infectious units that are released for fractionation. The policy dictates a holding period during which all donated units are stored. If a donor tests positive for the infection in question at a subsequent donation, then all of that donor's units currently in storage are discarded. Otherwise, donated units are released at the end of the holding period. In the case of a single disease, we determine optimal holding periods as well as policies that are as effective as the best screening tests currently available. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Management, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kaplan, EH (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Management, Box 208200, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA-09531]; NIMH NIH HHS [P01-MH/DA-56826] NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 160 IS 2 BP 159 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0025-5564(99)00033-4 PG 15 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 228LB UT WOS:000082137000002 PM 10472752 ER PT J AU Lillard, LA Rogowski, J Kington, R AF Lillard, LA Rogowski, J Kington, R TI Insurance coverage for prescription drugs - Effects on use and expenditures in the Medicare population SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE prescription drugs AB BACKGROUND. Although most of the elderly are covered by Medicare, they potentially face large out-of-pocket costs for their health care because of excluded services. Aside from nursing home care, the exclusion of prescription drugs is one of the most significant. Several earlier policy initiatives have proposed adding prescription drug coverage to the Medicare program. To determine the effects of such an expansion, one must account for the potential increase in the demand for prescription drugs from providing insurance coverage. METHODS. The study uses a new data source, the RAND Elderly Health Supplement to the 1990 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The endogenity of insurance coverage is tested using instruments that exploit the longitudinal nature of the data. Equations are estimated on 910 persons (greater than or equal to 66 years) using a two-part model. RESULTS. Insurance coverage for prescription drugs significantly increases the probability of use, but not of total expenditures, among those who use prescription drugs. However, insurance coverage significantly lowers out-of-pocket expenditures, thereby decreasing the financial burden on elderly households associated with prescription drug use. Medicaid coverage has effects that are smaller than those for private insurance, but the magnitude is less precisely estimated. These findings imply that if prescription drug coverage were added to Medicare, expected expenditures on drugs would rise by on average $83 for each elderly Medicare beneficiary (in 1990 dollars), although this increase is significant only at the 90% level. If the benefit had been included under Medicare, expected spending on prescription drugs by the elderly would have risen by approximately 20%, or $2.6 billion in 1990. C1 Rand Corp, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Econ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Rogowski, J (reprint author), Rand Corp, 1333 H St NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [P01-AG08291, R01-AG12420]; PHS HHS [17-C-99087/9-02] NR 16 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 9 BP 926 EP 936 DI 10.1097/00005650-199909000-00008 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 235AA UT WOS:000082515500008 PM 10493470 ER PT J AU MacDougall, LA Barzilay, JI Helmick, CG AF MacDougall, LA Barzilay, JI Helmick, CG TI Hormone replacement therapy awareness in a biracial cohort of women aged 50-54 years SO MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hormone replacement therapy; awareness; black; race ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; ATTITUDES; MENOPAUSE; PHYSICIANS; INFORMATION; KNOWLEDGE; DISEASE; RISK AB Objectives: Previous studies of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among women have focused on factors associated with the use of such therapy. Most of the studies involved populations of white women. Consequently, little is known about HRT awareness among the general population of women, and particularly among black women. The present study focused on factors associated with HRT awareness among a cohort of black and white women aged 50-54 years. Design: Of more than 2,700 women, aged 50-54 years, who were members of a health maintenance organization, 700 were randomly selected and mailed a questionnaire addressing their aware ness of HRT, as well as their menopausal status, medical history, and sources of information on HRT. Results: Of the 700 women, 479 (68.4%) responded to the questionnaire. After exclusions, 421 (88%) were analyzed. On adjusted analysis, the factors most strongly associated with HRT awareness were a higher educational level, the perception of going or having gone through menopause, the presence of menopausal symptoms, and having undergone a bilateral oophorectomy. Black race (independent of educational level) was associated with a lower likelihood of HRT awareness. The most common source of information on HRT for women in this cohort was the physician, followed by the media. Conclusions: HRT awareness among women is strongly influenced by race, educational level, and the perception of going or having gone through menopause. Public health efforts to encourage wider use of HRT among older women should focus on increasing HRT awareness among black women and women with a lower educational level. (C) 1999, The North American Menopause Society. C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Hlth Stat Res & Evaluat, Massachusetts Canc Registry, Boston, MA 02108 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Tucker, GA 30084 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Atlanta, GA 30084 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barzilay, JI (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, 200 Crescent Ctr Pkwy, Tucker, GA 30084 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1072-3714 J9 MENOPAUSE JI Menopause-J. N. Am. Menopause Soc. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 6 IS 3 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1097/00042192-199906030-00012 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 234HK UT WOS:000082478400012 PM 10486796 ER PT J AU Nicholson, ML Beall, B AF Nicholson, ML Beall, B TI Disruption of tonB in Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella pertussis prevents utilization of ferric siderophores, haemin and haemaglobin as iron sources SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE Bordetella; iron sources; TonB-dependent receptors ID DEPENDENT RECEPTOR PROTEINS; ENERGY-COUPLED TRANSPORT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OUTER-MEMBRANE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; VITAMIN-B12 TRANSPORT; CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; EXBB AB The Bordetella bronchiseptica tonB gene was cloned by detection of a chromosomal restriction fragment hybridizing with each of two degenerate oligonucleotides that corresponded to Pro-Glu and Pro-Lys repeats characteristic of known TonB proteins. The tonB(Bb) gene was situated upstream of exbB and exbD homologues and downstream of a putative Fur-regulated promoter. Hybridization results indicated that the tonB operon and flanking regions were highly conserved between B. bronchiseptica, Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis. Disruption of tonB in B. bronchiseptica resulted in inability to grow in iron-limiting media, and inability to utilize alcaligin, enterobactin, ferrichrome, desferroxamine B, haemin and haemoglobin. Although it was not possible to inactivate tonB in a clinical B. pertussis isolate, tonB was disrupted in a laboratory B. pertussis strain previously selected for the ability to grow on Luria-Bertani medium. This B. pertussis tonB mutant shared a similar iron complex utilization deficient phenotype with the B. bronchiseptica tonB mutant. The B, bronchiseptica tonB operon present on a plasmid did not complement an Escherichia coli tonB mutant, but inefficient reconstitution of enterobactin utilization was observed in one fepA mutant harbouring plasmid copies of the B. pertussis fepA homologue and tonB(Bb) operon. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiology-(UK) PD SEP PY 1999 VL 145 BP 2453 EP 2461 PN 9 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 240MD UT WOS:000082829000028 PM 10517598 ER PT J AU Bandini, LG Vu, D Must, A Cyr, H Goldberg, A Dietz, WH AF Bandini, LG Vu, D Must, A Cyr, H Goldberg, A Dietz, WH TI Comparison of high-calorie, low-nutrient-dense food consumption among obese and non-obese adolescents SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE caloric intake; adolescents; obesity; snacks ID ENERGY-INTAKE; SELF-REPORTS; ACCURACY; INDIVIDUALS; VALIDATION; CHILDREN; DIET AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether obese adolescents eat more high-calorie low- nutrient-dense foods than non-obese adolescents. Research Methods and Procedures: Using a cross-sectional design, 22 non-obese and 21 obese adolescents kept 14-day food records. Records provided estimates of total daily energy intake and caloric intake from five categories of high-calorie, low-nutrient-dense (HC) foods: candy, chips, soda, baked goods, and ice cream. Body composition was determined by O-18 dilution and daily energy expenditure by doubly labeled water. Percentage of energy intake reported (%report) was calculated as the ratio of reported energy intake to measured energy expenditure (x 100%). Results: Both groups underreported energy intake, but the percentage reported was significantly greater in the nonobese group (78.2+/-20.5% non-obese vs. 55.5+/-21.8% obese, p<0.001). Consumption of calories from chips and soda was similar among non-obese and obese adolescents. However, total energy intake from all HC foods was higher in the non-obese group than among the obese (617+/-356 kcal/day vs. 362+/-223 kcal/day; p<0.01) and represented 27.2+/-10.5% and 19.9+/-9.6% of reported energy intake in the non-obese and obese groups, respectively. After adjustment for underreporting, the percentage of calories provided by each of the HC foods was similar in the obese and non-obese groups except for ice cream, which remained significantly greater in the non-obese group (p<0.05). Discussion: Our findings suggest that both non-obese and obese adolescents consume a substantial portion of reported calories from HC foods and that obese adolescents do not consume more calories from these foods than non-obese adolescents. These data offer no evidence to support the widespread notion that obese adolescents eat more "junk food" than non-obese adolescents. Hearth professionals who treat obese adolescents must be aware that the excess calories in their diets may come from a variety of food sources and not solely from high-calorie snack foods. C1 MIT, Clin Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. New England Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Allied Hlth Profess, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. CDC, NCCDPHP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bandini, LG (reprint author), MIT, Clin Res Ctr, E18-447,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00088]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-17696]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK26678] NR 19 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 16 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 7 IS 5 BP 438 EP 443 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 237PU UT WOS:000082665900003 PM 10509600 ER PT J AU Dowell, S AF Dowell, S TI Antibiotic therapy for otitis media - Reply SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter DE otitis media; antibiotic therapy C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dowell, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 18 IS 9 BP 844 EP 844 DI 10.1097/00006454-199909000-00030 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 234NF UT WOS:000082490200027 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Chung, MA Holman, RC Ryder, RW Hadler, JL Glass, RI AF Parashar, UD Chung, MA Holman, RC Ryder, RW Hadler, JL Glass, RI TI Use of state hospital discharge data to assess the morbidity from rotavirus diarrhea and to monitor the impact of a rotavirus immunization program: A pilot study in Connecticut SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; rotavirus; hospitalizations; children; cost ID UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; VACCINE; GASTROENTERITIS; SAFETY; TRIAL AB Objectives. Now that rotavirus vaccines have been licensed and recommended for routine immunization of US infants, there is an urgent need for data to assess the morbidity from rotavirus diarrhea and to monitor the impact of a rotavirus immunization program. In a pilot study, we have assessed the usefulness of state hospital discharge data on diarrhea in children to provide this information by examining data from Connecticut. Design. Retrospective analysis of discharge records from acute care, nongovernmental hospitals in Connecticut. Patients. Children 1 month through 4 years of age with a diarrhea-associated diagnosis listed on the discharge record. Setting. Connecticut, 1987 through 1996. Results. During the 10-year study period, a total of 11 324 diarrhea-associated hospitalizations (49.4 hospitalizations per 10 000 children) were reported. Diarrhea-associated hospitalizations peaked during February through April, especially among children 4 to 35 months of age. The seasonality and age distribution of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations of presumed noninfectious and viral etiologies resembled those of rotavirus-associated hospitalizations. During 1993 to 1996, rotavirus was coded for 10.4% of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations increasing from 8.6% in 1993 to 14.7% in 1996. The unadjusted median cost of a diarrhea-associated hospitalization during 1987 to 1996 and 1993 to 1996 was $1941 and $2428, respectively. Conclusions. Diarrhea causes substantial morbidity in children from Connecticut. The winter seasonal peak of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations in children 4 to 35 months of age coinciding with the peak of rotavirus-specific hospitalizations suggests that rotavirus is an important contributor to the overall morbidity. Although our findings suggest incomplete coding of rotavirus cases, state hospital discharge data should provide sensitive and timely information to monitor the impact of a rotavirus immunization program in Connecticut. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1999 VL 104 IS 3 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1542/peds.104.3.489 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 240FV UT WOS:000082816000012 PM 10469774 ER PT J AU Buchholz, U Moolenaar, R Peterson, C Mascola, L AF Buchholz, U Moolenaar, R Peterson, C Mascola, L TI Varicella outbreaks after vaccine licensure: Should they make you chicken? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE varicella; outbreaks; vaccine; day care AB In 1998, 3 years after vaccine licensure, child care centers (CCC) in Los Angeles County continued to report varicella outbreaks. We investigated outbreaks at 2 CCCs to determine the cause for them, such as low vaccination coverage levels or unexpected low vaccine effectiveness. We collected information on past history of varicella, illness during the outbreak, and prior varicella vaccination among CCC attendees. We found that CCC "H" had a vaccination coverage of 87% (34/39) compared with 30% (6/20) in CCC "L." The overall attack rate was lower in CCC "H" (31%) than in "L" (61%; P value = .03). Vaccine effectiveness for any varicella was 71% in "H" and 100% in "L." Vaccinated children with varicella had milder disease than unvaccinated. In conclusion, we found varicella outbreaks in CCCs with both high and low vaccination coverage. Vaccine effectiveness was within the range predicted by the literature. Vaccination led to a lower attack rate in the highly vaccinated CCC and appeared to protect from severe disease. C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Acute Communicable Dis Control Unit, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, State Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Buchholz, U (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Acute Communicable Dis Control Unit, 313 N Figueroa St,Rm 212, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. NR 5 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1999 VL 104 IS 3 BP 561 EP 563 DI 10.1542/peds.104.3.561 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 240FV UT WOS:000082816000037 PM 10469786 ER PT J AU Chilton, L Bodurtha, J Butterbrodt, MP Freeland-Hyde, B Gahagan, S Grossman, D Jantz, J Allen-Davis, JT Bechtold, D Bell, JT Brenneman, G Green, WF Postl, B Zind, B Goodrich, J Mandell, F AF Chilton, L Bodurtha, J Butterbrodt, MP Freeland-Hyde, B Gahagan, S Grossman, D Jantz, J Allen-Davis, JT Bechtold, D Bell, JT Brenneman, G Green, WF Postl, B Zind, B Goodrich, J Mandell, F CA Comm Native Amer Child Hlth Comm Infect Dis TI Immunizations for Native American children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; VACCINE EFFICACY TRIAL; B CONJUGATE VACCINES; HEPATITIS-B; VIRUS-INFECTION; ALASKA NATIVES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; INFANTS; INDIANS C1 Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC USA. Amer Acad Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Washington, DC USA. Johns Hopkins Ctr Amer Indian & Alaskan Native Hl, Baltimore, MD USA. Canadian Paediat Soc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Comm Infect Dis, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. AAP Council Pediat Practice, Elk Grove Village, DC USA. Amer Thorac Soc, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1999 VL 104 IS 3 BP 564 EP 567 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 240FV UT WOS:000082816000038 ER PT J AU Hediger, ML Overpeck, MD McGlynn, A Kuczmarski, RJ Maurer, KR Davis, WW AF Hediger, ML Overpeck, MD McGlynn, A Kuczmarski, RJ Maurer, KR Davis, WW TI Growth and fatness at three to six years of age of children born small- or large-for-gestational age SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE blacks; birth weight; growth; large-for-gestational-age; multiple imputation; Mexican-Americans; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; small-for-gestational age; whites ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; LONG-TERM MORBIDITY; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHILDHOOD GROWTH; NATIONAL-HEALTH; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BODY-MASS; OBESITY; SIZE; RETARDATION AB Objective. To compare young children 3 to 6 years of age who were born small-for-gestational age (SGA; <10th percentile for gestational age) or large-for-gestational age (LGA; greater than or equal to 90th percentile) with those who were born appropriate-for-gestational age (10th-89th percentile) to determine whether there are differences in growth and fatness in early childhood associated with birth weight status. Design and Methods. National sample of 3192 US-born non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican-American children 3 to 6 years of age (36-83 months) examined in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and for whom birth certificates were obtained. On the birth certificates, length of gestation from the mother's last menstrual period was examined for completeness, validity, and whether the pattern of missing (n = 141) and invalid data (n = 147) on gestation was random. Gestation was considered invalid when >44 weeks, or when at gestations of less than or equal to 35 weeks, birth weight was inconsistent with gestation. To reclaim cases with missing or invalid data on gestation for analysis, a multiple imputation (MI) procedure was used. MI procedures are recommended when, as in this case, a critical covariate (length of gestation) is not missing at random, and complete-subject analysis may be biased. Using the results of the MI procedure, children were categorized, and growth outcome was assessed by birth weight-for-gestational age status. The growth outcomes considered in these analyses were body weight (kg), height (cm), head circumference (cm), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC; cm), and triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses (mm). The anthropometric outcomes first were transformed to approximate normal distributions and converted into z scores (standard deviation units [SDU]) to scale the data for comparison across ages. Outcomes at each age then were estimated using regression procedures. SUDAAN software that adjusts variance estimates to account for the sample design was used in analysis for prevalence estimates and to calculate regression coefficients (in SDU). Results. Over these ages, children born SGA remained significantly shorter and weighed less (-0.70 to -0.60 SDU). Children born LGA remained taller and weighed more (0.40-0.60 SDU). For weight and height among LGA children, there was a divergence from the mean with age compared with those born appropriate-for-gestational age (10th-89th percentile). Head circumference and MUAC followed these same patterns. The coefficients for MUAC show values for SGA children fairly consistently at about -0.50 SDU and children born LGA show increasing MUAC from +0.40 to +0.50 SDU from 36 to 83 months of age. As with weight, there is a trend toward increased MUAC coefficients with age. Measures of fatness (triceps and subscapular skinfolds), which are more prone to environmental influences, showed less association with birth weight-for-gestational age status. Only a single age group, the oldest (6 years of age) group showed a significant deficit in fatness for children born SGA. For children born LGA, there was an increase in fatness at both the triceps and subscapular sites after 3 years of age. Conclusion. These findings on a national sample of US-born non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican-American children show that children born SGA remain significantly shorter and lighter throughout early childhood and do not seem to catch up from 36 to 83 months of age. LGA infants remain longer and heavier through 83 months of age, but unlike children born SGA, children born LGA may be prone to an increasing accumulation of fat in early childhood. Thus, early childhood may be a particularly sensitive period in which there is increase in variation in levels of fatness associated with size at birth. These findings have implications for the evaluation of the growth of young children. The results indicate that intrauterine growth is associated with size in early childhood. Particularly, children born LGA may be at risk for accumulating excess fat at these ages. Birth weight status and gestational age may be useful in assembling a prognostic risk profile for children. C1 NICHHD, NIH, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. PricewaterhouseCoopers, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Overpeck, MD (reprint author), NICHHD, NIH, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Bldg 6100,Rm 7B03,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 38 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1999 VL 104 IS 3 BP art. no. EP e33 DI 10.1542/peds.104.3.e33 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 240FV UT WOS:000082816000029 PM 10469816 ER PT J AU McNeill, FE Stokes, L Chettle, DR Kaye, WE AF McNeill, FE Stokes, L Chettle, DR Kaye, WE TI Factors affecting in vivo measurement precision and accuracy of Cd-109 K x-ray fluorescence measurements SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BONE LEAD AB Cd-109 K x-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement systems from two research centres were used to measure tibia lead content in a population (n = 530) of young adults. The group mean bone lead contents (+/-SEM) determined by McMaster University (n = 214) and the University of Maryland (n = 316) were 2.80 +/- 0.51 and 2.33 +/- 0.50 mu g Pb/(g bone mineral) respectively. The mean difference of 0.47 +/- 0.71 mu g Pb/(g bone mineral) was not significant. There was no evidence of a systematic difference between measurements from the two systems. Measurement uncertainties for the young adults were poorer overall than uncertainties for a population of occupationally exposed men. This was because obese subjects and women were included in the study. Regressions of precision against body mass index (BMI, defined as weight/height(2)) determined that uncertainties increased with BMI and were poorer for women than men. Measurement uncertainties (1 sigma) were >8 mu g Pb/(g bone mineral) for women with a BMI > 0.004 kg cm(-2). Poor-precision data affected population estimates of bone lead content; an inverse correlation was found between precision and bone lead content. A small number (0.4%) of individual measurements with poor uncertainties were inaccurate to within the precision. It is suggested that obese subjects, whose BMI > 0.004 kg cm(-2), should be excluded from Cd-109 K XRF studies, as the measurement provides limited information and may be inaccurate. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McNeill, FE (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2263 EP 2273 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/44/9/313 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 234WV UT WOS:000082508100013 PM 10495120 ER PT J AU Hodgson, TA Cohen, AJ AF Hodgson, TA Cohen, AJ TI Medical care expenditures for diabetes, its chronic complications, and its comorbidities SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; cost of illness; healthcare costs; health expenditures ID UNITED-STATES; HEALTH; COSTS AB Background. Medical expenditures for diabetes are estimated, including expenditures for chronic complications of diabetes, unrelated conditions for which diabetics are at higher risk, and various comorbidities that raise the cost of medical care. Methods. A variety of national data sources are used to disaggregate the Health Care Financing Administration's national health expenditures in 1995 by sex, age, and diagnosis. Expenditures for chronic complications and other unrelated conditions for which diabetics have higher rates of utilization are determined by analysis of attributable risks. Additional expenditures generated by extra hospital inpatient days and higher charges for nursing home and home health care for comorbidities are estimated by regression analyses. Sensitivity analysis is used to calculate a range of estimated expenditures. Results. Total expenditures attributed to diabetes are $47.9 billion in 1995, including $18.8 billion for first listed diabetes, $18.7 billion for chronic complications, $8.5 billion for unrelated conditions, and $1.9 billion for comorbidities. The range of total expenditures is $34.3 to $63.7 billion. Conclusions. Comprehensive accounting of expenditures more accurately assesses the economic burden of diabetes and potential savings from prevention, especially of chronic complications. This analysis is illustrative for other chronic illnesses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Hodgson, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 40 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 173 EP 186 DI 10.1006/pmed.1999.0534 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 234LN UT WOS:000082486300007 PM 10479605 ER PT J AU Bolen, JC Sacks, JJ Bland, SD AF Bolen, JC Sacks, JJ Bland, SD TI Injury prevention behaviors: A report card for the nation, 1995 SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE accidents; traffic; alcohol drinking; bicycling; fires; knowledge; attitudes; practices; risk taking; seat belts ID UNITED-STATES AB Introduction. This study estimated the 1995 state-level prevalence of occupant restraint use for children and adults, child bicycle helmet use, not drinking and driving, and installation and regular checking of smoke detectors. Methods. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were weighted to reflect the age, sex, and racial distribution of each state. State prevalence estimates were ranked by quartile. Results. Prevalence estimates for five of the six behaviors varied widely across states. Use of safety belts among adults ranged from 41.5 to 87.3% (median 66.7%); use of child occupant restraints, 62.3 to 95.7% (80.8%); not drinking and driving within the past 30 days, 94.7-99.4% (97.8%); smoke detector installation, 78.9 to 98.7% (94.1%); monthly checking of smoke detectors, 31.3-51.2% (40.4%); and child use of bicycle helmets, 9.3 to 62.8% (23.1%). Certain states had consistently poor quartile rankings. States with behavior-relevant laws appeared to have the highest level of associated safety practices for impaired driving, adult occupant restraint use, and bicycle helmet use. Conclusions. Injury risk taking behaviors appear to cluster. States with consistently poor quartile rankings should consider more concerted injury prevention efforts. Health care providers can play an important role in increasing the prevalence of injury prevention behaviors by providing age-appropriate counseling to their patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bolen, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, US Dept HHS, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JCR2@CDC.GOV NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 EI 1096-0260 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.1006/pmed.1999.0527 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 234LN UT WOS:000082486300009 PM 10479607 ER PT J AU Reeves, MJ Remingon, PL AF Reeves, MJ Remingon, PL TI Use of patient reminder letters to promote cancer screening services in women: A population-based study in Wisconsin SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE patient reminders; cancer screening; mammography; Pap testing ID PREVENTIVE SERVICES; MAMMOGRAPHY USE; PRIMARY-CARE; BREAST; ADHERENCE; BARRIERS; SYSTEMS AB Background Patient reminder letters are an effective method of promoting cancer screening services in women; however, information on their actual use in a population setting is lacking Methods. Data were obtained from a population-based, random digit dial telephone survey of 896 adult women living in Wisconsin. Respondents were asked if they had received a reminder letter for Pap or mammography screening within the past year, Results. Among women aged greater than or equal to 18 years, 12.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 10.1-15.6) received a Pap test reminder within the past year, while 13.0% (95% CI = 9.3-16.7) of women aged greater than or equal to 40 years received a mammography reminder. Women without health care coverage were unlikely to receive either type of reminder, Current compliance with screening recommendations was greater among those women who received a reminder letter for Pap tests (94.3 versus 78.1%, P < 0.0001) and for mammography (81.7 versus 59.4%, P < 0.001). In contrast to the infrequent use of cancer screening reminders, 54.2% (95% CI = 50.1-58.3) and 72.7% (95% CI = 67.6-77.8) of women reported receiving a reminder letter from their dentist or veterinarian, respectively Conclusions, Reminder letters for cancer screening services were rarely utilized in this study population. Receipt of a reminder letter was associated with greater compliance with current screening recommendations, (C) 1999 American Health Foundation and Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Field Epidemiol, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Wisconsin Div Hlth, Sect Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Bur Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53703 USA. RP Reeves, MJ (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, 3423 N Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1006/pmed.1999.0526 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 234LN UT WOS:000082486300010 PM 10479608 ER PT J AU Katz, D Kumar, S Malecki, J Lowdermilk, M Koumans, EHA Hopkins, R AF Katz, D Kumar, S Malecki, J Lowdermilk, M Koumans, EHA Hopkins, R TI Cyclosporiasis associated with imported raspberries, Florida, 1996 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FOODBORNE OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGEN; ILLNESS; FOOD AB Objectives. Until 1995, infection with Cyclospora cayetanenis, a parasite that causes gastroenteritis, was diagnosed in the US primarily in overseas travelers; its modes of transmission were largely unknown. In 1995, 45 cases of cyclosporiasis were diagnosed in Florida residents who had no history of recent foreign travel, but an investigation could not pinpoint a source for the parasite, In 1996, a North American outbreak of cyclosporiasis resulted in more than 1400 cases, 180 of them in Florida. The authors investigated the 1996 Florida outbreak to identify the vehicle of transmission. Methods. The authors conducted a matched case-control study in which each of 86 laboratory-confirmed sporadic cases was matched with up to four controls. They also investigated nine clusters of cases associated with common meals and attempted to trace implicated foods to their countries of origin. Results. In the case control study, eating raspberries was strongly associated with cyclosporiasis (matched odds ratio = 31.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.4, 138.2). In the cluster investigation, raspberries were the only food common to all nine clusters of cases; a summary analysis showed a strong association between consumption of raspberries and confirmed or probable cyclosporiasis (risk ratio = 17.6; 95% CI 1.9, 188.8). Guatemala was the sole country of origin for raspberries served at six of nine events. Conclusions. Guatemalan raspberries were the vehicle for the 1996 Florida cyclosporiasis outbreak. Cyclospora is a foodborne pathogen that may play a growing role in the etiology of enteric disease in this country as Food markets become increasingly international. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Palm Beach Cty Dept Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Dis Control, Riviera Beach, FL USA. Palm Beach Cty Dept Hlth, Div Environm Hlth & Engn, Riviera Beach, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Katz, D (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth R669, Box 016069, Miami, FL 33101 USA. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 114 IS 5 BP 427 EP 438 DI 10.1093/phr/114.5.427 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244AY UT WOS:000083030700014 PM 10590765 ER PT J AU Foglia, G Rhodes, P Goldberg, M St Louis, ME AF Foglia, G Rhodes, P Goldberg, M St Louis, ME TI Completeness of and duration of time before treatment after screening women for Chlamydia trachomatis infections SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Objective: To assess the proportion of women with verified treatment after positive screening tests for C. trachomatis infection and to evaluate the duration of time until treatment. Design: Retrospective cohort analysis linking the date of a positive genital C. trachomatis test with the documented date of treatment. Setting: Family planning, sexually transmitted disease, obstetrical/gynecologic, adolescent, and walk-in clinics in Philadelphia from March 1, 1994 through December 31, 1995. Participants: Included 4,158 women with screening tests positive for C. trachomatis. Main Outcome Measures: Documented treatment of chlamydia-infected women and duration of time between initial clinic visit and therapy. Results: Over a 21-month period, 4,158 women had endocervical screening tests positive for C. trachomatis, Twenty-four percent of these women were treated presumptively (on the day of specimen collection), with sexually transmitted disease clinics yielding the highest percentage (70.9%) of presumptively treated patients. Of the 3,143 chlamydia-positive women not treated presumptively, treatment was subsequently verified in 96.2%. The median interval between screening and treatment was 21 days. Private adolescent clinics had the lowest median interval of 14 days between screening and treatment, whereas public family planning clinics showed the largest median screening to treatment interval of 26 days. Conclusions: Large-scale screening programs in public health settings can bring nearly all C. trachomatis-infected patients to treatment. However, new strategies are needed to shorten the duration of time before treatment of selected subsets of women who screen positive for C. trachomatis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Foglia, G (reprint author), Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 26 IS 8 BP 421 EP 425 DI 10.1097/00007435-199909000-00001 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 234JR UT WOS:000082481400001 PM 10494931 ER PT J AU Tabidze, IL Lee, FK Tambe, P Rocha, E Larsen, SA Stoll, BJ St Louis, ME Nahmias, AJ AF Tabidze, IL Lee, FK Tambe, P Rocha, E Larsen, SA Stoll, BJ St Louis, ME Nahmias, AJ TI Enzyme-linked immunospot assay for the diagnosis of active treponema pallidum infection during the various stages of syphilis SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE; ENUMERATION; ELISPOT AB Background: Specific serologic assays for syphilis cannot differentiate current infections from past infections and are inefficient to monitor efficacy of antibiotic therapy. Goal: To develop a new immunologic assay for the identification of active Treponema pallidum infection during the various stages of syphilis. Study Design: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients with syphilis in an STD clinic were tested for T. pallidum-specific circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC) by an enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT). Results: Specific ASC were demonstrated in all six patients with primary syphilis and in 14 of 16 patients diagnosed with secondary syphilis. ASCs were undetectable in five patients 8 to 16 days after appropriate therapy, but persisted in one case that was considered treatment failure. Among the 13 patients diagnosed with latent syphilis, six (46%) demonstrated ASC, reflecting antigenic stimulation. Conclusion: The ELISPOT assay is effective for the diagnosis of primary and secondary syphilis. The presence of circulating ASC suggests persistent active infection in some patients during the latent disease stage. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Fulton Cty Hlth Dept, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lee, FK (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, 69 Butler St, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. FU PHS HHS [427-93-42205] NR 17 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 26 IS 8 BP 426 EP 430 DI 10.1097/00007435-199909000-00002 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 234JR UT WOS:000082481400002 PM 10494932 ER PT J AU Parece, MS Herrera, GA Voigt, RF Middlekauff, SL Irwin, KL AF Parece, MS Herrera, GA Voigt, RF Middlekauff, SL Irwin, KL TI STD testing policies and practices in US city and county jails SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; CORRECTIONAL HEALTH-CARE AB Background and Objectives: Studies have shown that sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates are high in the incarcerated population. However, little is known about STD testing policies or practices in jails. Goal: To assess STD testing policies and practices in jails. Study Design: The Division of STD Prevention developed and distributed an e-mail survey to 94 counties reporting more than 40 primary and secondary cases in 1996 or having cities with more than 200,000 persons. State and local STD program managers completed the assessment in collaboration with health departments and the main jail facilities in the selected counties. Results: Most facilities (52-77%) had a policy for STD screening based only on symptoms or by arrestee request, and in these facilities, 0.2% to 6% of arrestees were tested. Facilities having a policy of offering routine testing tested only 3% to 45% of arrestees. Large facilities, facilities using public providers, and facilities routinely testing for syphilis using Stat RPR tested significantly more arrestees (P < 0.05). Approximately half of the arrestees were released within 48 hours after intake, whereas 45% of facilities did not have STD testing results until after 48 hours. Conclusion: Most facilities had a policy for STD screening based only on symptoms or by arrestee request. Facilities having a policy of routine STD testing are not testing most of the arrestees, There is a small window (< 48 hours) for STD testing and treatment before release. Smaller jails and facilities using private providers may need additional resources to increase STD testing levels. Correctional facilities should be considered an important setting for STD public health intervention where routine rapid STD screening and treatment on-site could be implemented. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parece, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 26 IS 8 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.1097/00007435-199909000-00003 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 234JR UT WOS:000082481400003 PM 10494933 ER PT J AU Steiner, MJ Cates, W Warner, L AF Steiner, MJ Cates, W Warner, L TI The real problem with male condoms is nonuse SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PREVENT INCIDENT STDS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; RISK; BREAKAGE; SLIPPAGE; MEN C1 Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Steiner, MJ (reprint author), Family Hlth Int, POB 13950, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI35173] NR 40 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 26 IS 8 BP 459 EP 462 DI 10.1097/00007435-199909000-00007 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 234JR UT WOS:000082481400007 PM 10494937 ER PT J AU Bennetts, A Shaffer, N Manopaiboon, C Chaiyakul, P Siriwasin, W Mock, P Klumthanom, K Sorapipatana, S Yuvasevee, C Jalanchavanapate, S Clark, L AF Bennetts, A Shaffer, N Manopaiboon, C Chaiyakul, P Siriwasin, W Mock, P Klumthanom, K Sorapipatana, S Yuvasevee, C Jalanchavanapate, S Clark, L TI Determinants of depression and HIV-related worry among HIV-positive women who have recently given birth, Bangkok, Thailand SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HIV; pregnancy; depression; psychological adaptation ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; COPING STRATEGIES; INFECTED WOMEN; MINORITY WOMEN; GAY MEN; CES-D; AIDS; IMPACT; HIV/AIDS AB HIV-infected pregnant women have been the focus of considerable research related to biomedical issues of mother-to-child transmission worldwide. However, there have been few reports on the psychological well-being of new mothers with HIV, either in developed or developing countries. As part of a perinatal HIV transmission and family impact study in Bangkok, predictors of psychological scales were evaluated from interview data (N=129) collected 18-24 months postpartum, Standardised questionnaires were used to assess depressive symptoms and HIV-related worry. Depressive symptomatology and HIV-related worry were common amongst these women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several factors that predicted these psychological outcomes. High depression scores were associated with women who were no longer in a relationship with their partner (odds ratio (OR) 5.72, confidence interval (CI) 2.18-14.97) and who used renting coping strategies (OR 2.15, CI 1.43-3.21). Higher levels of HIV-related worry were associated with women whose babies were HIV-infected (OR 3.51, CI 1.28-10.69), who had not disclosed their HIV status to others (OR 3.05, CI 1.29-7.24) and who reported that their HIV-infection was something about which their family would be ashamed (OR 3.44, CI 1.34-977). Based on the current findings, intervention strategies we propose are psychological interventions which address disclosure issues, feelings of shame and coping strategies as well as financial assistance for single mothers. Interventions that require few resources such as group counselling or support merit special consideration. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Med Serv, Rajavithi Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Bennetts, A (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 51 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 49 IS 6 BP 737 EP 749 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00108-2 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 220PZ UT WOS:000081676000003 PM 10459886 ER PT J AU Eyler, AA Brownson, RC Donatelle, RJ King, AC Brown, D Sallis, JF AF Eyler, AA Brownson, RC Donatelle, RJ King, AC Brown, D Sallis, JF TI Physical activity social support and middle- and older-aged minority women: results from a US survey SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE physical activity; social support; minority; women ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; COLLEGE ALUMNI; PUBLIC-HEALTH; EXERCISE; RISK; FITNESS; ADULTS; HYPERTENSION; MAINTENANCE; STRATEGIES AB Background: Many American adults remain sedentary despite many known health benefits. Research on the determinants of physical activity have indicated that social support is one of the strongest correlates, but little is known about this relation in important subgroups of middle and older-aged women. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the association of physical activity-related social support on several measures of physical activity in a national sample of minority women. A unique aspect of these measures is the inclusion of vigorous household tasks and occupational physical activities. Methods. The US Women's Determinants Study was conducted in 1996-1987. The survey was a modified-random sampler telephone survey of 2912 Black, Hispanic, American Indian;Alaskan Native, and White women age 40 and older. A composite score of physical activity social support (PASS) was analyzed as the independent variable in logistic regression analyses. Four measures of physical activity levels served as the dependent variables. A separate analysis H as done to distinguish PASS from friends versus PASS from relatives. The potential confounding effect of race,'ethnicity. marital status, age, income and education were evaluated and adjusted in the models. Results. Hispanic women were more likely to have high PASS scores than the other racial/ethnic groups. Odds ratios indicate that subjects with high levels of PASS were significantly less likely to be sedentary than those with low support, even after adjusting for race/ethnicity. While there were significant associations among levels of social support and physical activity, this was not true for the measure of "regular exercise." There was no significant difference between the: contribution of "friend" support versus "family" support on all four measures on physical activity; Discussion: Based on our results, enhancing social support may be an important aspect of interventions aimed at increasing physical activity in a population of sedentary women of various racial/ethnic backgrounds. Also, "regular exercisers" in this population appear to be less reliant social support to maintain their behavior. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63376 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Eyler, AA (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, 3663 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63376 USA. FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU710806] NR 52 TC 222 Z9 223 U1 12 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 49 IS 6 BP 781 EP 789 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00137-9 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 220PZ UT WOS:000081676000006 PM 10459889 ER PT J AU Matt, GE Wahlgren, DR Hovell, MF Zakarian, JM Bernert, JT Meltzer, SB Pirkle, JL Caudill, S AF Matt, GE Wahlgren, DR Hovell, MF Zakarian, JM Bernert, JT Meltzer, SB Pirkle, JL Caudill, S TI Measuring environmental tobacco smoke exposure in infants and young children through urine cotinine and memory-based parental reports: empirical findings and discussion SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article DE environmental tobacco smoke; parental smoking; passive smoking ID PASSIVE SMOKING; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BOGUS PIPELINE; NICOTINE; NONSMOKERS; HAIR; CULTURES; DIAPERS; SALIVA; RISK AB Objective-This study examined the reliability and potential biases of two mine collection methods from which cotinine measures were obtained and the validity of memory-based parental reports of their children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Design-Structured interviews were conducted with mothers of infants and young children to obtain memory-based estimates of recent ETS exposure. Urine samples were collected through standard and cotton roll collection methods for cotinine analysis. Setting-All interviews took place at an off-campus research facility. Urine samples were collected at the study office or the subjects' homes. Participants-Mothers were recruited from San Diego county sites of the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Supplemental Food and Nutrition Program. Sample 1 (infants) consisted of eight boys and eight girls aged 1-44 months (mean = 12.6 months). Sample 2 (children) included 10 boys and 10 girls aged 3-8 years (mean = 61.2 months). Main outcome measures-Urine cotinine and memory-based parent reports of ETS exposure from structured interviews. Results-There was overall high reliability for urine cotinine measures and no effect of collection method on urine cotinine levels. Memory-based reports obtained from smoking mothers showed moderately strong and consistent linear relationships with urine cotinine measures of their infants and children (r = 0.50 to r = 0.63), but not for reports obtained from non-smoking mothers. Conclusions-Memory-based parental reports of short-term ETS exposure can play an important role in quantifying ETS exposure in infants and children. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Behav Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Matt, GE (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RI Travers, Mark/C-7832-2011 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1 R18 HL52835-01A2]; PHS HHS [1 MCJ-060634-01-0] NR 40 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 5 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD FAL PY 1999 VL 8 IS 3 BP 282 EP 289 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 250ZX UT WOS:000083421100016 PM 10599573 ER PT J AU Snawder, JE Tirmenstein, MA Mathias, PI Toraason, M AF Snawder, JE Tirmenstein, MA Mathias, PI Toraason, M TI Induction of stress proteins in rat cardiac myocytes by antimony SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimony; heme oxygenase; heat shock proteins; glutathione; stress proteins; cardiac myocytes; heart; potassium antimonyl tartrate ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS; HEME OXYGENASE; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE; ISCHEMIC-INJURY; GLUTATHIONE; CARDIOMYOCYTES; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION AB The effects of nonlethal concentrations of potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT) were examined in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. PAT (5, 10 mu M) significantly increased cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and heme oxygenase activity after 18 h, GSH levels and heme oxygenase activity were increased 2.5- and 5.4-fold, respectively, by 10 mu M PAT after 18 h. In addition, total cytochrome P450 levels were decreased by PAT after an Ig-h exposure, PAT exposures were associated with the induction of specific stress proteins. Nonlethal concentrations of PAT produced a dose-dependent increase in HO-1, HSP70, and HSP25/27 protein levels but did not increase HSP60 levels. Pretreatment of cardiac myocytes with low concentrations of PAT (0.5-10 mu M) protected against a subsequent lethal concentration of PAT (200 mu M). This protection was blocked if cells were treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, Results demonstrate that low concentrations of PAT increase GSH levels and stress protein synthesis, which may be responsible for the protection that low-level PAT exposure offers against the subsequent toxicity of higher concentrations of PAT. C1 NIOSH, Cellular Toxicol Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Toraason, M (reprint author), NIOSH, Cellular Toxicol Sect, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 159 IS 2 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1006/taap.1999.8739 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 249RA UT WOS:000083345000003 PM 10495772 ER PT J AU Dunster, LM Wang, HM Ryman, KD Miller, BR Watowich, SJ Minor, PD Barrett, ADT AF Dunster, LM Wang, HM Ryman, KD Miller, BR Watowich, SJ Minor, PD Barrett, ADT TI Molecular and biological changes associated with HeLa cell attenuation of wild-type yellow fever virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE yellow fever virus; attenuation; flavivirus ID ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; PASSAGE; VACCINE; MICE; FLAVIVIRUSES; VIRULENCE; STRAINS AB Six passages of the mosquito-borne flavivirus yellow fever (YF) wild-type strain Asibi in HeLa cells attenuated the virus for monkeys and newborn mice and resulted in loss of mosquito competence. Attenuation after the passage in HeLa cells was not unique to YF virus strain Asibi as demonstrated by the HeLa passage attenuation of wild-type YF virus strain French viscerotropic virus and YF vaccine virus 17D-204 for newborn mice. In contrast, wild-type strain Dakar 1279 and the French neurotropic vaccine virus remained virulent for newborn mice after six passages in HeLa cells. Thus not all strains of YF virus can be attenuated by passage in HeLa cells. Attenuation of YF virus strains Asibi and French viscerotropic virus was accompanied by alterations in the antigenic and biological properties of the viruses, including changes to envelope protein epitopes, Attenuation for newborn mice was coincidental with the acquisition by the HeLa-passaged viruses of the vaccine-specific envelope protein epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody H5. This suggests that this conformational change may play a role in the attenuation process. Wild-type Dakar 1279, which remained virulent for newborn mice after passage in HeLa cells, retained its wild-type antigenic character. The genome of Asibi HeLa p6 virus differed from wild-type Asibi virus by 29 nucleotides that encoded 10 amino acid substitutions. 5 in the envelope protein, 1 in NS2A, 3 in NS4B, and 1 in NS5. The substitution at NS4B-95 is seen in three different attenuation processes of wild-type YF virus, leading us to speculate that it is involved in the attenuation of virulence of wild-type strain Asibi. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Virus Res Ctr, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Arbovirus & Haemorrhag Fever Re, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Virus Infect Dis, Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Struct Biol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Control, Div Virol, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. RP Barrett, ADT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 261 IS 2 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1006/viro.1999.9873 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 234KW UT WOS:000082484700016 PM 10497116 ER PT J AU Wilcox, LS Koonin, LM Adams, MM AF Wilcox, LS Koonin, LM Adams, MM TI Quality measures for unintended pregnancy prevention in health care services: Opportunities and challenges SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article ID MANAGED CARE; CONTRACEPTIVE SERVICES; UNPLANNED PREGNANCY; UNITED-STATES; PERCEPTIONS; COUNTRIES; MEDICAID; COST C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wilcox, LS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Sandall, Jane/D-4146-2009 OI Sandall, Jane/0000-0003-2000-743X NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1049-3867 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 9 IS 5 BP 250 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S1049-3867(99)00028-6 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 250PY UT WOS:000083397800004 PM 10560323 ER PT J AU Kendrick, D Marsh, P Fielding, K Miller, P AF Kendrick, D Marsh, P Fielding, K Miller, P TI Preventing injuries in children - Elements of trial's design and analysis might have biased results - Reply SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Nottingham, Div Gen Practice, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England. Roundwood Surg, Mansfield NG18 1RH, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Nottingham, Trent Inst Hlth Serv Res, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England. RP Kendrick, D (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Div Gen Practice, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD AUG 28 PY 1999 VL 319 IS 7209 BP 575 EP 575 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 232CB UT WOS:000082347200038 ER PT J CA CDC TI Decline in deaths from heart disease and stroke - United States, 1900-1999 ( reprinted from MMWR, 1999, vol 48, pg 649-656) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE C1 CDC, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 25 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 8 BP 724 EP 726 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 228CJ UT WOS:000082118800009 ER PT J AU Boase, J Lipsky, S Simani, P Smith, S Skilton, C Greenman, S Harrison, S Duchin, J Samadpour, M Gautom, R Lankford, S Harris, T Ly, K Green, D Kobyashi, J DeBess, E McGivern, T Mauvais, S Balan, V Fleming, D Sanchez, K Vertz, PD Mohle-Boetani, JC Seuring, D Goddard, JH Kludt, PE Bidol, SA Bender, J Sewell, CM Void, IN Marengo, L Archer, J AF Boase, J Lipsky, S Simani, P Smith, S Skilton, C Greenman, S Harrison, S Duchin, J Samadpour, M Gautom, R Lankford, S Harris, T Ly, K Green, D Kobyashi, J DeBess, E McGivern, T Mauvais, S Balan, V Fleming, D Sanchez, K Vertz, PD Mohle-Boetani, JC Seuring, D Goddard, JH Kludt, PE Bidol, SA Bender, J Sewell, CM Void, IN Marengo, L Archer, J TI Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Muenchen infections associated with unpasteurized orange juice - United States and Canada, June 1999 (reprinted from MMWR, 1999, vol 48, pg 582-585) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Washington Cty Dept Hlth, Hillsboro, OR 97123 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Epidemiol Sect, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Dis Invest & Surveillance Branch, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. JoDaviess Cty Hlth Dept, Golena, IL 61523 USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Immunizat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Communicable Dis Div, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Epidemiol Sect, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Santa Fe, NM 87504 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Bur Publ Hlth, Communicable Dis Sect, Madison, WI 53707 USA. Nova Scotia Dept Hlth, Alberta Hlth, British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Hlth Canada, Ctr Dis Control, Bur Infect Dis Lab, Ottawa, ON, Canada. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US FDA, Off Reg Operat, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 25 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 8 BP 726 EP 728 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 228CJ UT WOS:000082118800011 ER PT J AU Fowler, MG Bertolli, J Nieburg, P AF Fowler, MG Bertolli, J Nieburg, P TI When is breastfeeding not best? The dilemma facing HIV-infected women in resource-poor settings SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; BREAST-MILK; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; HIV-1-INFECTED WOMEN; TYPE-1; REDUCTION; INFANTS; COHORT; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal Child Transmiss & Adolescent Studies Sec, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fowler, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal Child Transmiss & Adolescent Studies Sec, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 25 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 8 BP 781 EP 783 DI 10.1001/jama.282.8.781 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 228CJ UT WOS:000082118800032 PM 10463716 ER PT J AU Ashley, DL Backer, LC Bonin, MA Cardinali, FL Wooten, JV AF Ashley, DL Backer, LC Bonin, MA Cardinali, FL Wooten, JV TI Measurement of trihalomethanes in human blood in the parts-per-quadrillion range and its application to assessing activities and routes of exposure. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 51-ENVR BP U558 EP U558 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901691 ER PT J AU Burse, VW Najam, AR Williams, CC Needham, LL AF Burse, VW Najam, AR Williams, CC Needham, LL TI Utilization of umbilical cords to assess in utero exposure to persistent pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 52-ENVR BP U558 EP U559 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901692 ER PT J AU Gunter, EW AF Gunter, EW TI Assessing the health of the nation's children: Environmental toxicants measured in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999+). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NHANES Lab, NCEH, DLS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 56-ENVR BP U559 EP U560 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901695 ER PT J AU Hannon, WH Burse, VW AF Hannon, WH Burse, VW TI Dried-blood spots: A unique sample matrix for the measurement of environmental toxicants in newborns representing in utero and maternal exposures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 53-ENVR BP U559 EP U559 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901693 ER PT J AU Hill, RH Green, R AF Hill, RH Green, R TI Lessons learned from laboratory lapses. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 7-CHAS BP U343 EP U343 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901017 ER PT J AU Ho, MK Olsen, LD AF Ho, MK Olsen, LD TI Chemical class separation of asphalt fume using a silica solid-phase extraction column. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Div Phys Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 108-ENVR BP U575 EP U575 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901747 ER PT J AU Miller, DT AF Miller, DT TI Innovative technology for blood-lead measurement. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 31-ENVR BP U552 EP U552 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901672 ER PT J AU Patterson, DG Dimandja, JMD Turner, WE Grainger, J Needham, LL AF Patterson, DG Dimandja, JMD Turner, WE Grainger, J Needham, LL TI Measurements for assessing environmental exposure to children using small amounts of serum and urine: State of the art. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 54-ENVR BP U559 EP U559 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901694 ER PT J AU Stanfill, SB Ashley, DL Grainger, J Patterson, DG AF Stanfill, SB Ashley, DL Grainger, J Patterson, DG TI Analysis of mint essential oils by comprehensive 2-D gas chromatography. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 64-ANYL BP U147 EP U147 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033900382 ER PT J AU Woebkenberg, ML AF Woebkenberg, ML TI Partnership in research: Exposure-assessment methods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 13-CHAS BP U345 EP U345 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901023 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE AF Anderson, JE TI The frequency of anonymous HIV testing in the United States: data from a national survey SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID PARTNER NOTIFICATION; NORTH-CAROLINA; PROGRAMS; ACCESS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent E37, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent E37, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 20 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1595 EP 1597 DI 10.1097/00002030-199908200-00030 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 226DT UT WOS:000082005600030 PM 10465094 ER PT J AU Paradis, K Langford, G Long, ZF Heneine, W Sandstrom, P Switzer, WM Chapman, LE Lockey, C Onions, D Otto, E AF Paradis, K Langford, G Long, ZF Heneine, W Sandstrom, P Switzer, WM Chapman, LE Lockey, C Onions, D Otto, E CA XEN 111 Study Grp TI Search for cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus in patients treated with living pig tissue SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-CELLS; NO EVIDENCE; INFECTION; XENOTRANSPLANTATION; CONNECTION; KIDNEYS; SAFETY AB Pig organs may offer a solution to the shortage of human donor organs for transplantation, but concerns remain about possible cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV). Samples were collected from 160 patients who had been treated with various Living pig tissues up to 12 years earlier. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein immunoblot analyses were performed on serum from all 160 patients. No viremia was detected in any patient. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 159 of the patients were analyzed by PCR using PERV-specific primers. No PERV infection was detected in any of the patients from whom sufficient DNA was extracted to allow complete PCR analysis (97 percent of the patients). Persistent microchimerism (presence of donor cells in the recipient) was observed in 23 patients for up to 8.5 years. C1 Imutran Ltd, Cambridge CB2 2YP, England. Genet Therapy Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Q One Biotech Ltd, Glasgow G20 0XA, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Glasgow, Dept Vet Pathol, Glasgow G20 0XA, Lanark, Scotland. Circe Biomed, Lexington, KY 40501 USA. Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Paradis, K (reprint author), Imutran Ltd, POB 399, Cambridge CB2 2YP, England. NR 28 TC 531 Z9 564 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 20 PY 1999 VL 285 IS 5431 BP 1236 EP 1241 DI 10.1126/science.285.5431.1236 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 228HC UT WOS:000082130200034 PM 10455044 ER PT J AU Patterson, PS Bosshardt, SC Udhayukumar, V Xiao, LH Kidd, M Hunter, RL Lal, AA AF Patterson, PS Bosshardt, SC Udhayukumar, V Xiao, LH Kidd, M Hunter, RL Lal, AA TI Prolonged expression of IFN gamma induced by protective blood-stage immunization against Plasmodium yoelii malaria SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium yoelii; copolymer adjuvant; interferon-gamma; interleukin-4 ID COPOLYMER ADJUVANTS; ISOTYPE; IMMUNITY; INDUCTION; ANTIBODY; RESPONSES; LETHAL; MICE AB Mice vaccinated with whole blood-stage antigens of Plasmodium yoelii develop protective, antibody-mediated immune responses to homologous challenge infection. In this model the level of protection induced by whole parasite antigen vaccination is dependent on antibody isotype, which can be influenced by adjuvant formulations. In this study the ability adjuvant formulations to affect cytokine production and protection against P. yoelii blood-stage infection was investigated. Survival of mice in groups vaccinated with P, yoelii antigens in an aqueous mix of copolymer P1005 + RaLPS was 100%. Mice vaccinated with either P. yoelii antigens alone or combined with a water-in-oil emulsion of copolymer P1005 + RaLPS demonstrated 83 or 50% survival, respectively. The fully protective aqueous vaccine group produced higher levels of interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) than the water-in-oil vaccine group following a live parasite challenge infection. Furthermore, mice vaccinated with the aqueous vaccine displayed prolonged IFN gamma and IL-4 response as compared to mice that received the same antigens without adjuvants. These data support the hypothesis that both the Th1 cytokine IFN gamma, and the Th2 cytokine IL-4 are modulated by the vaccine vehicle and adjuvant used for vaccination, thus possibly affecting expression of protective immune responses. However, it is the long-lasting IFN gamma response following blood-stage P. yoelii parasite challenge that is associated with enhanced survival. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis,Immunol Branch, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Mol Vaccine Sect, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 20 PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1-2 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00217-0 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 234UB UT WOS:000082501800019 PM 10501247 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ Kruszon-Moran, D Nainan, OV McQuillan, GM Gao, FX Moyer, LA Kaslow, RA Margolis, HS AF Alter, MJ Kruszon-Moran, D Nainan, OV McQuillan, GM Gao, FX Moyer, LA Kaslow, RA Margolis, HS TI The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IX Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY APR 21-25, 1996 CL ROME, ITALY ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NON-A; RISK-FACTORS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; LIVER-DISEASE; BLOOD-DONORS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSFUSION AB Background Because many persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are asymptomatic, population-based serologic studies are needed to estimate the prevalence of the infection and to develop and evaluate prevention efforts. Methods We performed tests for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) on serum samples from 21,241 persons six years old or older who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted during 1988 through 1994. We determined the prevalence of HCV RNA by means of nucleic acid amplification and the genotype by means of sequencing. Results The overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 1.8 percent, corresponding to an estimated 3.9 million persons nationwide (95 percent confidence interval, 3.1 million to 4.8 million) with HCV infection. Sixty-five percent of the persons with HCV infection were 30 to 49 years old. Seventy-four percent were positive for HCV RNA, indicating that an estimated 2.7 million persons in the United States (95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 million to 3.0 million) were chronically infected, of whom 73.7 percent were infected with genotype 1 (56.7 percent with genotype la, and 17.0 percent with genotype Ib). Among subjects 17 to 59 years of age, the strongest factors independently associated with HCV infection were illegal drug use and high-risk sexual behavior. Other factors independently associated with infection included poverty, having had 12 or fewer years of education, and having been divorced or separated. Neither sex nor racial-ethnic group was independently associated with HCV infection. Conclusions In the United States, about 2.7 million persons are chronically infected with HCV. People who use illegal drugs or engage in high-risk sexual behavior account for most persons with HCV infection. (N Engl J Med 1999;341:556-62.) (C)1999, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 1916 Z9 1953 U1 9 U2 44 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 19 PY 1999 VL 341 IS 8 BP 556 EP 562 DI 10.1056/NEJM199908193410802 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 227CV UT WOS:000082061500002 PM 10451460 ER PT J AU Pollack, SH Struttmann, TW Zwerling, C Rautiainen, R Lundell, J Johnson, W Etre, L Hanrahan, LP Tierney, J AF Pollack, SH Struttmann, TW Zwerling, C Rautiainen, R Lundell, J Johnson, W Etre, L Hanrahan, LP Tierney, J TI Deaths among children aged <= 5 years from farm machinery runovers - Iowa, Kentucky, and Wisconsin, 1995-1998, and United States, 1990-1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 605-608, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Pediat, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Prevent Med, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. SE Ctr Agr Hlth & Injury Prevent, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat Med & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Div Safety Res, NIOSH, Madison, WI USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pollack, SH (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Pediat, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 18 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 7 BP 626 EP 627 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 226QY UT WOS:000082033700009 ER PT J AU Trent, RB Van Court, JC Kim, AN AF Trent, RB Van Court, JC Kim, AN TI Firearm-associated deaths and hospitalizations - California, 1995-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 485-488, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Epidemiol & Prevent Injury Control Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Trent, RB (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Epidemiol & Prevent Injury Control Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 18 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 7 BP 627 EP 628 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 226QY UT WOS:000082033700010 ER PT J AU Montecalvo, MA Jarvis, WR Uman, J Shay, DK Petrullo, C Rodney, K Gedris, C Horowitz, HW Wormser, GP AF Montecalvo, MA Jarvis, WR Uman, J Shay, DK Petrullo, C Rodney, K Gedris, C Horowitz, HW Wormser, GP TI Infection-control measures reduce transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in an endemic setting SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FAECIUM BACTEREMIA; RISK-FACTORS; OUTBREAK; UNIT AB Background: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are nosocomial pathogens in many U.S. hospitals. Objective: To determine whether enhanced infection-control strategies reduce transmission of VRE in an endemic setting. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Adult oncology inpatient unit. Patients: 259 patients evaluated during use of enhanced infection-control strategies and 184 patients evaluated during use of standard infection-control practices. Interventions: Patient surveillance cultures were taken, patients were assigned to geographic cohorts, nurses were assigned to patient cohorts, gowns and gloves were worn on room entry, compliance with infection-control procedures was monitored, patients were educated about VRE transmission, patients taking antimicrobial agents were evaluated by an infectious disease specialist, and environmental surveillance was performed. Measurements: VRE infection rates, VRE colonization rates, and changes in antimicrobial use. Results: During use of enhanced infection-control strategies, incidence of VRE bloodstream infections decreased significantly (0.45 patients per 1000 patient-days compared with 2.1 patients per 1000 patient-days; relative rate ratio, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.05 to 0.92]; P = 0.04), as did VRE colonization (10.3 patients per 1000 patient-days compared with 20.7 patients per 1000 patient-days; relative rate ratio, 0.5 [CI, 0.33 to 0.75]; P < 0.001). Use of all antimicrobial agents except clindamycin and amikacin was significantly reduced. Conclusion: Enhanced infection-control strategies reduced VRE transmission in an oncology unit in which VRE were endemic. C1 New York Med Coll, Div Infect Dis, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Westchester Cty Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. RP Montecalvo, MA (reprint author), New York Med Coll, Div Infect Dis, Macy Pavil 209SE, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 FU PHS HHS [200-94-0860] NR 17 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 17 PY 1999 VL 131 IS 4 BP 269 EP 272 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 226GR UT WOS:000082012500005 PM 10454948 ER PT J AU Powell, LW George, DK McDonnell, S AF Powell, LW George, DK McDonnell, S TI Diagnosis of hemochromatosis - Response SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Powell, LW (reprint author), Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 17 PY 1999 VL 131 IS 4 BP 311 EP 311 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 226GR UT WOS:000082012500016 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ AF Alter, MJ TI Hot papers - Virology - Acute non-A-E hepatitis in the United States and the role of hepatitis G virus infection by M.J. Alter, M. Gallagher, T.T. Morris, L.A. Moyer, E.L. Meeks, K. Krawczynski, J.P. Kim, H.S. Margolis, for the Sentinel Counties Viral Hepatitis Study Team - Comments SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material AB Miriam J. Alter of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Harvey J. Alter of the National Institutes of Health discuss the hepatitis G virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Sect, Hepatitis Branch,Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Sect, Hepatitis Branch,Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 MARKET ST SUITE 450, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD AUG 16 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 16 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 243MH UT WOS:000083001500012 ER PT J AU Ford, ES AF Ford, ES TI Body mass index and colon cancer in a national sample of adult US men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body mass index; colonic neoplasms; follow-up studies; obesity; risk factors ID COLORECTAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL LEVEL; LARGE-BOWEL-CANCER; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; RECTAL-CANCER; JAPANESE MEN; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; DIETARY-INTAKE; SIGMOID COLON AB The evidence supporting obesity as a risk factor for colon cancer remains inconclusive, especially among women. The author studied the association between obesity and colon cancer in a nationally representative cohort of men and women aged 25-74 years who participated in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1971 to 1975 and were subsequently followed up through 1992. Among the 13,420 persons included in the analytic sample. 222 incident cases of colon cancer were identified. Height and weight were measured during the baseline examination. Compared with participants whose body mass index was less than 22 kg/m(2), the hazard ratios were 1.79 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87, 3.71), 1.86 (95% CI: 0.86, 4.03), 2.47 (95% CI: 1.14, 5.32), 3.72 (95% CI: 1.68, 8.22), and 2.79 (95% CI: 1.22, 6.35) for participants with a body mass index of 22-<24 kg/m(2), 24-<26 kg/m(2), 26-<28 kg/m(2), 28-<30 kg/m(2), and greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2), respectively. The hazard ratios were similar for men and women. Subscapular skinfold thickness, but not triceps skinfold thickness, was positively associated with colon cancer incidence among men but not women, after adjustment for body mass index and other possible confounders. These results strongly support the hypothesis that excess body weight is a risk factor for colon cancer among both men and women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 82 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 4 BP 390 EP 398 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 225NL UT WOS:000081967600008 PM 10453815 ER PT J AU Stevens, J Cai, JW Juhaeri Thun, MJ Williamson, DF Wood, JL AF Stevens, J Cai, JW Juhaeri Thun, MJ Williamson, DF Wood, JL TI Consequences of the use of different measures of effect to determine the impact of age on the association between obesity and mortality SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aging; body weight; epidemiologic methods; obesity; risk ID BODY-WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES; GUIDELINES; AMERICANS; RISK; WOMEN; DISEASE; TRENDS; MASS; MEN AB The impact of using different measures of the effect of obesity on mortality across age groups has not been explored. The authors examined this issue by using mortality data from 62,116 men and 262,965 women in the Cancer Prevention Study-I (1960-1972). Measures of effect were calculated separately, by decade of age, for five groups of participants aged 30-79 years, The rate ratio associated with obesity declined with age, from 2.60 (men) and 1.99 (women) for participants aged 30-39 years to 1.24 (men) and 1.15 (women) for those aged 70-79 years, In contrast, the rate differences between obese and reference-weight participants increased with age, from 201 (men) and 112 (women) deaths per 100,000 person-years for those in the youngest decade to 1,379 (men) and 626 (women) deaths per 100,000 person-years for those in the oldest decade, The years of life lost attributable to obesity tended to increase with age but declined for those in the oldest decade. The rate advancement period declined with decade of age. Standardization of estimates to a population changed some age-associated trends, The direction of trends varied regarding the effect of obesity on mortality across age groups, depending on the measure of effect used. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stevens, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 39 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 4 BP 399 EP 407 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 225NL UT WOS:000081967600009 PM 10453816 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM AF Klevens, RM TI Is there really a heterosexual aids epidemic in the United States? Findings from a multisite validation study, 1992-1995 - The first author replies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Assessment Branch, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Assessment Branch, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 4 BP 430 EP 430 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 225NL UT WOS:000081967600016 ER PT J AU Beeson, MD Driskell, WJ Barr, DB AF Beeson, MD Driskell, WJ Barr, DB TI Isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying urinary metabolites of atrazine, malathion, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-POPULATION; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE; CANCER AB We have developed an isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) method for quantifying the urinary metabolites of the pesticides atrazine, malathion, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Urine samples are extracted with an organic solvent, and the organic fraction is concentrated. The concentrate is then analyzed using HPLC/MS/MS. The limits of detection for the metabolites are less than 0.5 mu g/L (parts per billion) in 10 mL of urine, with a high degree of accuracy and precision. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Beeson, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011 NR 21 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 16 BP 3526 EP 3530 DI 10.1021/ac990130u PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 227HM UT WOS:000082075100030 PM 10464480 ER PT J AU Byers, T Mouchawar, J Marks, J Cady, B Lins, N Swanson, GM Bal, DG Eyre, H AF Byers, T Mouchawar, J Marks, J Cady, B Lins, N Swanson, GM Bal, DG Eyre, H CA ACS Reduction Canc Incidence Mortality Comm TI The American Cancer Society challenge goals - How far can cancer rates decline in the US by the year 2015? SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cancer; rate of incidence; mortality rate; reduction; risk factors; challenge goals ID DATA-BASE REPORT; UNITED-STATES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; SCREENING SIGMOIDOSCOPY; PROSTATE-CANCER; MORTALITY; TRENDS; PREVENTION; RISK AB BACKGROUND. Cancer incidence and mortality rates both began to decline in the U.S. in the early 1990s. Recognizing the unprecedented potential benefits of accelerating this decline, the American Cancer Society (ACS) has set ambitious challenge goals for the American public for a 25% reduction in cancer incidence rates and a 50% reduction in cancer mortality rates by the year 2015. This analysis examined the feasibility of reaching those goals by estimating future changes in cancer rates that can result from past and future reductions in cancer risk factors. METHODS, Estimates for future declines in cancer risk factors in the U.S. under alternative scenarios were applied to conservative population-attributable risk estimates for cancer incidence and mortality rates in 1990 to estimate cancer rate trends in the year 2015. RESULTS. If the current trends toward a decline in the prevalence of cancer risk factors continue over the next: decade, by the year 2015 one can expect a 13% decline in cancer incidence rates and a 21% decline in cancer mortality rates below their 1990 levels. With redoubled efforts to reduce the prevalence of known cancer risk factors further, by the year 2015 cancer incidence rates could be reduced by 19% and cancer mortality rates reduced by 29%. Such redoubled efforts would equate to approximately 100,000 cancer cases and 60,000 cancer deaths prevented each year by the year 2015. CONCLUSIONS. Past reductions in cancer risk factors in the U.S. population have led to recent declines in the rates of cancer incidence and mortality in the U.S. Redoubled efforts to act on current knowledge regarding how to prevent, detect, and treat cancer can result in attaining approximately 80% of the ACS challenge goal for cancer incidence rates and 60% of the ACS challenge goal for cancer mortality rates by the par 2015. New findings from cancer research are needed and will have to be applied quickly if the ACS challenge goals are to be met fully. Cancer 1999;86:715-27. (C) 1999 American Cancer Society. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Brown Univ, Women & Infants Hosp, Breast Hlth Ctr, Providence, RI USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Canc, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Canc Control Branch, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Byers, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Box C245,4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80262 USA. NR 50 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 4 BP 715 EP 727 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19990815)86:4<715::AID-CNCR22>3.3.CO;2-F PG 13 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 223YA UT WOS:000081868100022 PM 10440701 ER PT J AU Xu, XY Subbarao, K Cox, NJ Guo, YJ AF Xu, XY Subbarao, K Cox, NJ Guo, YJ TI Genetic characterization of the pathogenic influenza A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1) virus: Similarity of its hemagglutinin gene to those of H5N1 viruses from the 1997 outbreaks in Hong Kong SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; A VIRUSES; EVOLUTION; CHINA AB Analysis of the sequences of all eight RNA segments of the influenza A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1) virus, isolated from a sick goose during an outbreak in Guangdong Province, China, in 1996, revealed that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the virus was genetically similar to those of the H5N1 viruses isolated in Hong Kong in 1997. However, the remaining genes showed greater similarity to other avian influenza viruses. Notably, the neuraminidase gene did not have the 19-amino-acid deletion in the stalk region seen in the H5N1 Hong Kong viruses and the NS gene belonged to allele B, while that of the H5N1 Hong Kong viruses belonged to allele A. These data suggest that the H5N1 viruses isolated from the Hong Kong outbreaks derived their HA genes from a virus similar to the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 virus or shared a progenitor with this goose pathogen. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Virol, Chinese Natl Influenza Ctr, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. RP Xu, XY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 396 Z9 450 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 261 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1006/viro.1999.9820 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 230LA UT WOS:000082251600003 PM 10484749 ER PT J AU Meng, YX Spira, TJ Bhat, GJ Birch, CJ Druce, JD Edlin, BR Edwards, R Gunthel, C Newton, R Stamey, FR Wood, C Pellett, PE AF Meng, YX Spira, TJ Bhat, GJ Birch, CJ Druce, JD Edlin, BR Edwards, R Gunthel, C Newton, R Stamey, FR Wood, C Pellett, PE TI Individuals from North America, Australasia, and Africa are infected with four different genotypes of human herpesvirus 8 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; DNA-SEQUENCES; STRAIN VARIABILITY; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; ALIGNMENT; VARIANTS AB To study human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) transmission between individuals and in populations, we developed a system for genetic fingerprinting of HHV-8 strains based on variation in the HHV-8 K1, glycoprotein B (gB), and glycoprotein H (gH) genes. Using this system, we sequenced nearly the entire K1 gene (840 bp); two segments of the gB gene (open reading frame 8), totaling 813 bp; and a 702-bp segment of the gH gene (open reading frame 22) from blood and tissue samples obtained from 40 human immunodeficiency virus-infected and noninfected individuals, including those with Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, or Castleman's disease. The specimen collection was assembled from individuals living in diverse geographical locations, including the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Uganda, and Zambia. As reported by others, K1 was the most variable gene, with up to 16% variation at the nucleotide sequence level and up to 32% variation at the amino acid sequence level. Despite this extensive sequence variation, the K1 amino acid sequence contained 14 conserved cysteine sites, suggesting a conserved tertiary structure. gB and gH sequences were highly conserved, in most cases differing by <0.6% in pairwise comparisons. K1 was the most useful gene for strain discrimination, but the other genes enabled the discrimination of strains with identical K1 sequences. Individuals from diverse geographic locations were infected with four different HHV-8 genotypes; strains did not strictly segregate by continent of origin. The majority of HHV-8 strains from the United Slates and Europe were relatively closely related, whereas some strains identified from Uganda and Australia were phylogenetically distant. Genotype I strains were the most common and were found on three continents. Identical sequences were found in specimens obtained from different body sites and at different times from the same individual. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Zambia, Teaching Hosp, Lusaka, Zambia. Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, N Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Inst Canc Res, London SW3 6JB, England. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Pellett, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Sect, Mail Stop G18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 NR 30 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 261 IS 1 BP 106 EP 119 DI 10.1006/viro.1999.9853 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 230LA UT WOS:000082251600012 PM 10441559 ER PT J AU Rochat, R Akhter, HH AF Rochat, R Akhter, HH TI Tetanus and pregnancy-related mortality in Bangladesh SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB A national survey of health-care providers in Bangladesh identified 298 women who died from pregnancy-related tetanus. Immunising all girls with tetanus toroid and providing safe menstrual regulation services would prevent such deaths. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Bangladesh Inst Res Promot Essential & Reprod Hlt, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Rochat, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 14 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9178 BP 565 EP 565 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 225XJ UT WOS:000081991000016 PM 10470703 ER PT J AU Ehresman, K Lynfield, R Danila, R Black, S Shinefield, H Fireman, B Cordova, S AF Ehresman, K Lynfield, R Danila, R Black, S Shinefield, H Fireman, B Cordova, S TI Intussusception among recipients of rotavirus vaccine - United States, 1998-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 577, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. US FDA, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Br, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Vaccine Safety Datalink Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Stat Anal Br, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Vaccine Safety & Dev Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Child Vaccine Prevent Dis Br, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ehresman, K (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. NR 1 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 11 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 6 BP 520 EP 521 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 224UV UT WOS:000081919100010 ER PT J AU Culnane, M Fowler, MG Oleske, J AF Culnane, M Fowler, MG Oleske, J TI Infant growth after in utero exposure to zidovudine - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID UNINFECTED CHILDREN; IMMUNODEFICIENCY C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Culnane, M (reprint author), NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 11 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 6 BP 528 EP 529 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 224UV UT WOS:000081919100023 ER PT J AU Lindegren, ML Byers, RH Thomas, P Davis, SF Caldwell, B Rogers, M Gwinn, M Ward, JW Fleming, PL AF Lindegren, ML Byers, RH Thomas, P Davis, SF Caldwell, B Rogers, M Gwinn, M Ward, JW Fleming, PL TI Trends in perinatal transmission of HIV/AIDS in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE TREATMENT; CHILDREN; AIDS; PREVALENCE; REDUCTION; TYPE-1 AB Context Since 1994, the US Public Health Service (PHS) has recommended routine, voluntary prenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)testing and zidovudine therapy to reduce perinatal HIV transmission. Objective To describe trends in incidence of perinatal AIDS and factors contributing to these trends, particularly the effect of PHS perinatal HIV recommendations. Design, Setting, and Participants Analysis of nationwide AIDS surveillance data and data from HIV-reporting states through June 1998. Main Outcome Measures Trends in AIDS by year of diagnosis, incidence rates of AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among infants younger than 1 year from US natality data for birth cohorts 1988 to 1996; expected number of infants with AIDS from national serosurvey data; and zidovudine use data from selected HIV-reporting states. Results Perinatal AIDS cases peaked in 1992 and then declined 67% from 1992 through 1997, including an 80% decline in infants and a 66% decline in children aged 1 to 5 years. Rates of AIDS among infants (per 100 000 births) declined 69%, from 8.9 in 1992 to 2.8 in 1996 compared with a 17% decline in births to HIV-infected women from 1992 (n = 6990) to 1995 (n = 5797). Among infants, PCP rates per 100 000 declined 67% (from 4.5 in 1992 to 1,5 in 1996), similar to the decline in other AIDS conditions. The percentage of perinatally exposed children born from 1993 through 1997 whose mothers were tested for HIV before giving birth increased from 70% to 94%; the percentage who received zidovudine increased from 7% to 91%. Conclusions According to these data, substantial declines in AIDS incidence were temporally associated with an increase in zidovudine use to reduce perinatal HIV transmission, demonstrating substantial success in implementing PHS guidelines. Reductions in the numbers of births and effects of therapy in delaying AIDS do not explain the decline. C1 New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Epidemiol, Off Sci & Hlth Commun, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lindegren, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Sueveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 49 TC 173 Z9 180 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 11 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 6 BP 531 EP 538 DI 10.1001/jama.282.6.531 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 224UV UT WOS:000081919100026 PM 10450714 ER PT J AU Davis, RL Rubanowice, D Shinefield, HR Lewis, N Gu, D Black, SB DeStefano, F Gargiullo, P Mullooly, JP Thompson, RS Chen, RT AF Davis, RL Rubanowice, D Shinefield, HR Lewis, N Gu, D Black, SB DeStefano, F Gargiullo, P Mullooly, JP Thompson, RS Chen, RT CA Ctr Dis Control and Prevention Vaccine Safety D TI Immunization levels among premature and low-birth-weight infants and risk factors for delayed up-to-date immunization status SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TETANUS-PERTUSSIS IMMUNIZATIONS; PRETERM INFANTS; PRIMARY-CARE; DIPHTHERIA; SERVICES; VACCINE AB Context Studies have noted that health care professionals may not conform to proper immunization schedules for premature and low-birth-weight infants in the United States. Little is known about the success of current efforts to immunize these high-risk infants. Objective To describe current immunization practices for premature and low-birthweight infants and ascertain risk factors for poor immunization status, using large population-based data sources. Design and Setting Cohort and case-control analyses of immunization data tracked from March 1991 through March 1997 for 3 large health maintenance organizations (HMOs) participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Vaccine Safety Datalink project, Participants A total of 11 580 low-birth-weight and premature infants were enrolled from birth to age 2 months; 6832 of these were continuously enrolled from birth to age 24 months. At age 2 months, there were 173 373 full-term, normal-birthweight infants enrolled as controls; at age 24 months, there were 103 324. Main Outcome Measures Age-specific immunization status by prematurity and birth weight(<1500 g, 1500-2500 g, born at <38 weeks' gestation with birth weight of >2500 g, or full-term with normal birth weight) and patient characteristics associated with up-to-date status. Results At each age, infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth had lower up-to-date immunization levels than other infants. At age 6 months, 52% to 65% of infants weighing less than 1500 g were up-to-date at each of the 3 HMOs compared with 69% to 73% of those weighing 1500 to 2500 g, 66% to 80% of premature infants weighing more than 2500 g, and 65% to 76% of full-term, normal-birth-weight infants, By age 24 months, 78% to 86% of infants weighing less than 1500 g were up-to-date, significantly less than heavier infants, who had levels of 84% to 89%, Well-child preventive care strongly predicted immunization status, while concomitant pulmonary disease did not. Conclusions Our data suggest that infants born prematurely are vaccinated at levels approaching that of the general population, but levels of vaccination for Very low-birth-weight infants lag slightly behind. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Immunizat Studies Program, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Dept Prevent Care, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. No Calif Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Dept Res, Oakland, CA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR USA. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Immunizat Studies Program, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-95-0947] NR 24 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 11 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 6 BP 547 EP 553 DI 10.1001/jama.282.6.547 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 224UV UT WOS:000081919100028 PM 10450716 ER PT J AU Childs, JE Ellis, BA Nicholson, WL Kosoy, M Sumner, JW AF Childs, JE Ellis, BA Nicholson, WL Kosoy, M Sumner, JW TI Shared vector-borne zoonoses of the Old World and New World: home grown or translocated? SO SCHWEIZERISCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Swiss-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Parasitology CY NOV 04-06, 1998 CL ZOFINGEN, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Soc Trop Med & Parasitol DE Ehrlichia; ehrlichiosis; Bartonella; rodents; vector-borne diseases; translocation ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; CITRATE SYNTHASE GENE; UNITED-STATES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; BARTONELLA-HENSELAE; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; HUMAN-DISEASE; RODENTS; EUROPE AB Humans inhabiting the Old World and New World share a wide variety of pathogens. Processes that result in the disjunct biogeographic distribution of pathogens with common vertebrate reservoirs or vectors are more difficult to unravel than those influencing the distribution of infections spread only through human-to-human transmission. The origins of species and complexes of tick-borne bacteria are unclear. The agent of Lyme borreliosis may have speciated in the New World following geographical isolation of ticks harboring ancestral spirochetes; the subsequent spread to Europe of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto may have occurred within historical times. Other tick-borne agents, such as the ehrlichiae causing human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, are genetically very similar in the Old World and New World. As the taxonomic distinctions among these related agents of human and veterinary importance appear increasingly blurred, the processes leading to the current discontinuous geographic distributions will also become the source of continuing speculation. Accumulating data suggest an Old World origin for a group of bacteria that include B. elizabethae, a human pathogen first identified from the New World. The potential public health significance of these newly described organisms is undefined, but of international interest as their vertebrate reservoir has been introduced throughout the world. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU SCHWABE & CO AG VERLAG PI MUTTENZ 1 PA FARNSBURGERSTRASSE 8, CH-4132 MUTTENZ 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0036-7672 J9 SCHWEIZ MED WSCHR JI Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. PD AUG 10 PY 1999 VL 129 IS 31-32 BP 1099 EP 1105 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 230QP UT WOS:000082262100002 PM 10476548 ER EF