FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Bhattacharjee, AK AF Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. BE Basak, SC Restrepo, G Villaveces, JL TI Role of In Silico Stereoelectronic Properties and Pharmacophores in Aid of Discovery of Novel Antimalarials, Antileishmanials, and Insect Repellents SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL CHEMISTRY AND APPLICATIONS, VOL 1 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE In Silico pharmacophore models; CATALYST methodology; parasites; malaria; leishmaniasis; arthropods; insect repellents; virtual screening; compound database; quantum chemical (QM) calculations; stereo-electronic properties; molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs); drug design; drug discovery; novel compounds ID N,N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE DEET ANALOGS; CARRIER PROTEIN SYNTHASE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ARTEMISININ ANALOGS; DRUG DISCOVERY; MOSQUITO REPELLENTS; LEISHMANIA-DONOVANI; MOLECULAR DOCKING; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; DATABASE SEARCH AB Diseases caused by parasites have an overwhelming impact on public health throughout the world, particularly in the tropics and subtropics. Malaria and leishmaniasis are two such widely known neglected parasitic diseases. The current global situation indicates more than one million deaths from these two diseases every year despite several efforts by WHO to combat them. Vectors for carrying and transmitting these parasites are arthropods. Use of insect repellents is a vital countermeasure in reducing these arthropod-related diseases. However, despite access to many available drugs for treatment of these diseases, their growing resistance poses serious concerns and necessitates development of novel countermeasures. The present chapter discusses how the in silico methodologies can be utilized to develop pharmacophore models to identify novel antimalarials, antileishmanial, and insect repellents. The models presented in this chapter not only provided important molecular insights to better understand the "interaction pharmacophores" but also guided generation of templates for virtual screening of compound databases to identify novel bioactive agents. The pharmacophore models presented here demonstrated a new computational approach for organizing molecular characteristics that were both statistically and mechanistically significant for potent activity and useful for identification of novel analogues as well. C1 [Bhattacharjee, Apurba K.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, AK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Regulated Labs, Div Regulated Labs, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM apurba1995@yahoo.com NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, P.O. BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, SHARJAH, 1400 AG, U ARAB EMIRATES BN 978-1-68108-197-7; 978-1-68108-198-4 PY 2015 BP 303 EP 335 D2 10.2174/97816810805291150201 PG 33 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Mathematics GA BG4FP UT WOS:000388705100015 ER PT J AU Corona, BT Wenke, JC Ward, CL AF Corona, Benjamin T. Wenke, Joseph C. Ward, Catherine L. TI Pathophysiology of Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury SO CELLS TISSUES ORGANS LA English DT Article DE Injury; Muscle biology; Muscle plasticity; Musculoskeletal biology; Musculoskeletal healing; Physiology; Skeletal muscle; Trauma ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY; IN-VIVO; ECCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; REPAIR CONSTRUCT; SATELLITE CELLS; MURINE MODEL; RAT MODEL AB Volumetric muscle loss ( VML) injuries are prevalent in civilian and military trauma patients and are known to impart chronic functional deficits. The frank loss of muscle tissue that defines VML injuries is beyond the robust reparative and regenerative capacities of mammalian skeletal muscle. Given the nature of VML injuries, there is a clear need to develop therapies that promote de novo regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers, which can integrate with the remaining musculature and restore muscle strength. However, the pathophysiology of VML injuries is not completely defined, and, therefore, there may be other opportunities to improve functional outcomes other than de novo regeneration. Herein, clinical and preclinical studies of VML were reviewed to ascertain salient manifestations of VML injury that can impair limb function and muscle strength. The limited clinical data available highlighted proliferative fibrosis secondary to VML injury as a viable target to improve limb range of motion. Selected pre-clinical studies that used standardized neuromuscular functional assessments broadly identified that the muscle mass remaining after VML injury is performing suboptimally, and, therefore, percent VML strength deficits are significantly worse than can be explained by the initial frank loss of contractile machinery. Potential mechanisms of suboptimal strength of the remaining muscle mass suggested within the literature include intramuscular nerve damage, muscle architectural perturbations, and diminished transmission of force. Collectively, both clinical and preclinical data indicate a complex pathophysiology after VML that presents multiple therapeutic targets. This is a work of the US Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the USA. Foreign copyrights may apply. Published by S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Corona, Benjamin T.; Wenke, Joseph C.; Ward, Catherine L.] US Army, Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma & Regenerat Med Task Area, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Corona, BT (reprint author), US Army, Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma & Regenerat Med Task Area, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM benjamin.t.corona.civ@mail.mil NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-6405 EI 1422-6421 J9 CELLS TISSUES ORGANS JI Cells Tissues Organs PY 2015 VL 202 IS 3-4 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1159/000443925 PG 9 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA EB7UJ UT WOS:000387595800005 PM 27825160 ER PT J AU Aurora, A Corona, BT Walters, TJ AF Aurora, Amit Corona, Benjamin T. Walters, Thomas J. TI A Porcine Urinary Bladder Matrix Does Not Recapitulate the Spatiotemporal Macrophage Response of Muscle Regeneration after Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury SO CELLS TISSUES ORGANS LA English DT Article DE Acellular scaffold; Extracellular matrix; Fibrosis; Urinary bladder matrix; Volumetric muscle loss ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BIOLOGIC SCAFFOLDS; CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES; HOST RESPONSE; DEFECT MODEL; MURINE MODEL; RAT; TISSUE; REPAIR AB Volumetric muscle loss ( VML) results in irrecoverable loss of muscle tissue making its repair challenging. VML repair with acellular extracellular matrix ( ECM) scaffolds devoid of exogenous cells has shown improved muscle function, but limited de novo muscle fiber regeneration. On the other hand, studies using minced autologous and free autologous muscle grafts have reported appreciable muscle regeneration. This raises the fundamental question whether an acellular ECM scaffold can orchestrate the spatiotemporal cellular events necessary for appreciable muscle fiber regeneration. This study compares the macrophage and angiogenic responses including the remodeling outcomes of a commercially available porcine urinary bladder matrix, MatriStem (TM), and autologous muscle grafts. The early heightened and protracted M1 response of the scaffold indicates that the scaffold does not recapitulate the spatiotemporal macrophage response of the autograft tissue. Additionally, the scaffold only supports limited de novo muscle fiber formation and regressing vessel density. Furthermore, scaffold remodeling is accompanied by increased presence of transforming growth factor and a-smooth muscle actin, which is consistent with remodeling of the scaffold into a fibrotic scar-like tissue. The limited muscle formation and scaffold-mediated fibrosis noted in this study corroborates the findings of recent studies that investigated acellular ECM scaffolds ( devoid of myogenic cells) for VML repair. Taken together, acellular ECM scaffolds when used for VML repair will likely remodel into a fibrotic scar-like tissue and support limited de novo muscle fiber regeneration primarily in the proximity of the injured musculature. This is a work of the US Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the USA. Foreign copyrights may apply. Published by S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Aurora, Amit; Corona, Benjamin T.; Walters, Thomas J.] US Army, Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma & Regenerat Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Walters, TJ (reprint author), US Army, Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma & Regenerat Med, 3698 Chambers Pass, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM thomas.j.walters22.civ@mail.mil FU Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA); US Army Institute of Surgical Research; ACell Inc., Md., USA; US Army Medical Research and Medical Command [W81XWH-09-2-0177] FX Funding for the study and salary for A. A. was provided under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the US Army Institute of Surgical Research and ACell Inc., Md., USA, awarded to T.J.W. Part of this work was also funded by the US Army Medical Research and Medical Command (W81XWH-09-2-0177) awarded to T.J.W. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-6405 EI 1422-6421 J9 CELLS TISSUES ORGANS JI Cells Tissues Organs PY 2015 VL 202 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 201 DI 10.1159/000447582 PG 13 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA EB7UJ UT WOS:000387595800006 PM 27825152 ER PT J AU Greising, SM Dearth, CL Corona, BT AF Greising, Sarah M. Dearth, Christopher L. Corona, Benjamin T. TI Regenerative and Rehabilitative Medicine: A Necessary Synergy for Functional Recovery from Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury SO CELLS TISSUES ORGANS LA English DT Review DE Individualized medicine; Muscle graft; Orthopedic trauma; Physical medicine; Physical therapy; Regenerative medicine; Rehabilitation; Skeletal muscle injury; Tissue engineering ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; GASTROCNEMIUS-MUSCLE; RAT MODEL; COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY; HINDLIMB MUSCLES; EXTREMITY TRAUMA; SATELLITE CELLS; TISSUE; STRENGTH AB Volumetric muscle loss ( VML) is a complex and heterogeneous problem due to significant traumatic or surgical loss of skeletal muscle tissue. The consequences of VML are substantial functional deficits in joint range of motion and skeletal muscle strength, resulting in life-long dysfunction and disability. Traditional physical medicine and rehabilitation paradigms do not address the magnitude of force loss due to VML and related musculoskeletal comorbidities. Recent advancements in regenerative medicine have set forth encouraging and emerging therapeutic options for VML injuries. There is significant potential that combined rehabilitative and regenerative therapies can restore limb and muscle function following VML injury in a synergistic manner. This review presents the current state of the VML field, spanning clinical and preclinical literature, with particular focus on rehabilitation and regenerative medicine in addition to their synergy. Moving forward, multidisciplinary collaboration between clinical and research fields is encouraged in order to continue to improve the treatment of VML injuries and specifically address the encompassing physiology, pathology, and specific needs of this patient population. This is a work of the US Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the USA. Foreign copyrights may apply. Published by S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Greising, Sarah M.; Corona, Benjamin T.] US Army, Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma & Regenerat Med, 3698 Chambers Pass, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Dearth, Christopher L.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, DoD VA Extrem Trauma & Amputat Ctr Excellence, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Corona, BT (reprint author), US Army, Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma & Regenerat Med, 3698 Chambers Pass, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM benjamin.t.corona.civ@mail.mil FU US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Clinical and Rehabilitative Medicine Research Program [C_003_2015_USAISR]; Neuromusculoskeletal Injury Rehabilitation [MR140099]; National Institute of Health [1R03EB018889-01A1]; DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence [110-417] FX The authors acknowledge their funding support from the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Clinical and Rehabilitative Medicine Research Program [Regenerative Medicine (C_003_2015_USAISR) to B.T.C. and Neuromusculoskeletal Injury Rehabilitation (MR140099) to B.T.C.], the National Institute of Health (1R03EB018889-01A1 to C.L.D.), and the DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence (Public Law 110-417, National Defense Authorization Act 2009, Section 723, to C.L.D.). NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-6405 EI 1422-6421 J9 CELLS TISSUES ORGANS JI Cells Tissues Organs PY 2015 VL 202 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1159/000444673 PG 13 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA EB7UJ UT WOS:000387595800010 PM 27825146 ER PT J AU Farthing, M Kees, C Lozovskiy, A AF Farthing, Matthew Kees, Chris Lozovskiy, Alexander BE Idelsohn, SR Sonzogni, V Coutinho, A Cruchaga, M Lew, A Cerrolaza, M TI MODEL REDUCTION FOR SHALLOW WATER FLOWS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST PAN-AMERICAN CONGRESS ON COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS AND XI ARGENTINE CONGRESS ON COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Pan-American Congress on Computational Mechanics (PANACM) / XI Argentine Congress on Computational Mechanics (MECOM) CY APR 27-29, 2015 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA DE Shallow Water equations; POD; DEIM; riverine applications ID EMPIRICAL INTERPOLATION; NONLINEAR MODEL; EQUATIONS AB To capture the hydrodynamics of shallow water flows in natural systems, it is often essential to characterize the system's bathymetry as well as the impact of bottom stress caused by surface roughness. Unfortunately, constants like Manning's friction coefficient in common parameterizations of bottom stress arc not directly measureable, while direct measurement of bathymetry can be expensive and impractical in many environments. This leads to the need to solve one or more inverse problems to estimate depths and/or roughness parameters using available data, which may be limited to surface velocities and/or free-surface elevations. While a variety of inversion techniques can be used, most if not all can be expected to require a large number of (forward) shallow water simulations to provide an representative set of velocities and depths. These computations can be quite expensive and serve as a limiting factor in the effectiveness of the inversion process. In this work, we provide a global model reduction framework for stabilized finite element schemes for the shallow water equations (SWE) by means of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). An "optimal" reduced order basis is constructed based on high dimensional solution snapshots. Additional nonlinear complexity reduction is made using the Discrete Empirical Interpolation method (DEIM). We present numerical results to compare accuracy and execution times to justify our choice for model reduction in the context of a forward simulation. C1 [Farthing, Matthew; Kees, Chris] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Lozovskiy, Alexander] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Sci Computat, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Farthing, M (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM mwfarthing@gmail.com; cekees@gmail.com; lozovskiy@math.tamu.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-943928-2-5 PY 2015 BP 693 EP 704 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA BF3WF UT WOS:000380586300061 ER PT S AU He, ZF Mao, SW Kompella, S Swami, A AF He, Zhifeng Mao, Shiwen Kompella, Sastry Swami, Ananthram GP IEEE TI Minimum Time Length Scheduling under Blockage and Interference in Multi-hop mmWave Networks SO 2015 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM) SE IEEE Global Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 06-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, QUALCOMM, Keysight Technologies, Huawei, Natl Instruments, Intel, InterDigital, LG Elect, IEEE Big Data, IEEE Stand Assoc, ViaSat, IEEE Commun Soc ID 60 GHZ AB We study the problem of minimizing the scheduling time length to serve users' traffic demand by link scheduling in multi-hop mmWave wireless networks. We formulate a constrained Binary Integer Programming (BIP) problem incorporating a flexible interference model for directional transmissions and a Markov chain based blockage model. Since the problem is NP hard, we propose a heuristic algorithm with greatly reduced complexity, which first finds the optimal streaming path for each data flow and then maximizes the instant network throughput by optimizing the link scheduling at each time slot. The performance of the heuristic algorithm is validated with simulations. C1 [He, Zhifeng; Mao, Shiwen] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Swami, Ananthram] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP He, ZF (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM zzh0008@tigermail.auburn.edu; smao@ieee.org; sk@ieee.org; a.swami@ieee.org NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-0983 BN 978-1-4799-5952-5 J9 IEEE GLOB COMM CONF PY 2015 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF5OL UT WOS:000382389303098 ER PT J AU Wright, JL AF Wright, Julia L. BE Ahram, T Karwowski, W Schmorrow, D TI Transparency in human-agent teaming and its effect on automation-induced complacency SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS (AHFE 2015) AND THE AFFILIATED CONFERENCES, AHFE 2015 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) CY JUL 26-30, 2015 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Human-agent teaming; Supervisory control; Agent transparency; Individual differences ID MULTITASKING ENVIRONMENT; CONCURRENT PERFORMANCE; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; IMPERFECT AUTOMATION; TASKS AB The battlefield of the future has been envisioned as one soldier operator managing a team of robotic assets to conduct multiple concurrent tasks, and the DoD has been actively investigating the potential of such human-agent teams. Contemporary research shows that one operator managing multiple robotic assets suffers from a variety of performance decrements. Using an intelligent agent as the mediator of the robotic team helps alleviate some problems, while introducing several unique to the supervisory relationship. One such problem is the human-out-of-the-loop condition, which often results in an increase in operator complacent behavior. This proposed study explores how operator knowledge of the work environment and access to the agent's reasoning affects complacent behavior. Additionally, the interaction of operator knowledge and agent reasoning will be explored to see how the presence (or lack thereof) of each affects operator performance, workload, and situation awareness. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wright, Julia L.] US Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Wright, JL (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM Julia.l.wright8.civ@mail.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS PY 2015 BP 968 EP 973 DI 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.149 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering GA BF6UZ UT WOS:000383740301011 ER PT J AU Ben-Asher, N Gonzalez, C AF Ben-Asher, Noam Gonzalez, Cleotilde BE Ahram, T Karwowski, W Schmorrow, D TI Training for the unknown: The role of feedback and similarity in detecting zero-day attacks SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS (AHFE 2015) AND THE AFFILIATED CONFERENCES, AHFE 2015 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) CY JUL 26-30, 2015 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Learning; Feedback; Similarity; Cybersecurity; Cyberattack ID INTRUSION DETECTION AB Human cognitive and analytical capabilities are needed and are indispensable to success in cyber defense. However, the high volume of network data challenges the process of detecting cyber-attacks, especially zero-day attacks. Training along with detailed and timely outcome feedback is a major factor in improving performance. It supports attributes identification and rule formation, which are crucial to the detection of attacks. To understand the role of feedback during training and how it influences the detection of novel attacks, we developed a simplified Intrusion Detection System and trained 160 participants to perform as analysts. During training, participants classified network events representing a specific cyber-attack, and received feedback at the end of each trial. Detailed feedback used color schemes informing of hits, misses, false-alarms, and correct-rejections. Aggregated feedback provided numerical summaries regarding performance. After training, participants classified events that were similar or part of a novel attack. Results show that detailed feedback accelerated learning and improved detection accuracy compared to aggregated feedback. Participants who received aggregated feedback failed to learn the role of certain network attributes and how to integrate them into detection rules. Surprisingly, aggregated feedback improved detection in the novel attack. The novelty of a situation caused an increase in decision scrutiny, while familiar decision situations limited the depth of information search and evaluation. Analyst should learn to abstract information and look broadly at outcome feedback to improve their ability to detect novel attacks. We discuss the implications of these findings for improving cyber security. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ben-Asher, Noam] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Ben-Asher, Noam] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. [Gonzalez, Cleotilde] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Social & Decis Sci, Dynam Decis Making Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Ben-Asher, N (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM nbenash@us.ibm.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS PY 2015 BP 1088 EP 1095 DI 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.180 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering GA BF6UZ UT WOS:000383740301027 ER PT J AU Henshel, D Cains, MG Hoffman, B Kelley, T AF Henshel, D. Cains, M. G. Hoffman, B. Kelley, T. BE Ahram, T Karwowski, W Schmorrow, D TI Trust as a human factor in holistic cyber security risk assessment SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS (AHFE 2015) AND THE AFFILIATED CONFERENCES, AHFE 2015 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) CY JUL 26-30, 2015 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Confidence; Cybersecurity; Expertise; Parameters; Model ID USERS AB Holistic assessment of cyber security risks is a complex multi-component and multi-level problem involving hardware, software, environmental, and human factors. As part of an on-going effort to develop a holistic, predictive cyber security risk assessment model, the characterization of human factors, which includes human behavior, is needed to understand how the actions of users, defenders, and attackers affect cyber security risk. The work group developing this new cyber security risk assessment model and framework has chosen to distinguish between trust and confidence by using " trust" only for human factors, and " confidence" for all non-human factors (e. g. hardware and software) in order to reduce confusion between the two concepts within our model. We have developed an initial framework for how to incorporate trust as a factor/parameter within a larger characterization of the human influences (users, defenders and attackers) on cyber security risk. Trust in the human factors is composed of two main categories: inherent characteristics, that which is a part of the individual, and situational characteristics, that which is outside of the individual. The use of trust as a human factor in holistic cyber security risk assessment will also rely on understanding how differing mental models and risk postures impact the level trust given to an individual and the biases affecting the ability to give said trust. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Henshel, D.; Cains, M. G.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Hoffman, B.] US Army Res Labs, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Kelley, T.] Indiana Univ, Psychol & Brain Sci, Bloomington, IN USA. RP Henshel, D (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS PY 2015 BP 1117 EP 1124 DI 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.186 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering GA BF6UZ UT WOS:000383740301031 ER PT J AU Li, P Corner, B Hurley, M Powell, C LaFleur, A AF Li, Peng Corner, Brian Hurley, Matthew Powell, Celia LaFleur, Annette BE Ahram, T Karwowski, W Schmorrow, D TI Three-dimensional (3D) analysis of knee shape for designing a knee-pad SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS (AHFE 2015) AND THE AFFILIATED CONFERENCES, AHFE 2015 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) CY JUL 26-30, 2015 CL Las Vegas, NV DE 3D scan registration; Principal component analysis; Knee shape AB This paper presents an approach to register a large number of adult 3D surface whole body scans and segment the knee region to generate a knee-specific dataset. We then applied shape analysis methods to the segmented surfaces to obtain major knee shape variation of the population. We analyzed 2069 male scans and present the first 5 significant shape modes of the knee in standing and bent poses. The knee models were used to design a knee-pad for the US Army. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Li, Peng; Corner, Brian; Hurley, Matthew; Powell, Celia; LaFleur, Annette] US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, 15 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Li, P (reprint author), US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, 15 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM peng.li.civ@mail.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS PY 2015 BP 3689 EP 3693 DI 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.790 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering GA BF6UZ UT WOS:000383740303111 ER PT J AU Sharma, A Dani, A Mathai, AJ Marler, T Abdel-Malek, K AF Sharma, Abhinav Dani, Angela Mathai, Anith J. Marler, Timothy Abdel-Malek, Karim BE Ahram, T Karwowski, W Schmorrow, D TI Towards implementing a real-time deformable human muscle model in digital human environments SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS (AHFE 2015) AND THE AFFILIATED CONFERENCES, AHFE 2015 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) CY JUL 26-30, 2015 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Digital humans; Muscle model; Anatomy; Real time graphics; Musculoskeletal system AB The current state of the art digital human models are a visual proxy for humans in part due to the advances in computer graphics. They perform with biomechanical accuracy that mimics real human motion. Models such as Santos (R) have a biomechanically accurate skeleton driving the motion, which in turn controls the deformation of a flexible skin for added realism, all in real time. However, these models lack realistic musculoskeletal systems that respond in real time to biomechanical motion. They require varying levels of pre-processing before motion can be applied to them, thus preventing the real time effect; muscle models need to be flexible and deformable, which in computer simulations generally translates to higher computation requirements. By combining advances in computer graphics, especially the fast rendering game graphics capability, with known literature on musculoskeletal modeling, a preliminary full body musculoskeletal system that deforms in real time is presented along with the skeleton and skin. Given the biomechanical studies focus of digital humans, the model implemented centers on the mathematical articulation, and not the graphical volumetric representation, of actual musculoskeletal systems. As such, each muscle is defined as a line that starts at an origin position, determined from anatomy, and ends at the corresponding insertion position, while wrapping as needed around cylindrical obstacles that emulate the minimum bulges required for that line to be at the centroid of the actual equivalent muscle. For each muscle, the origin position, insertion position and obstacle parameters (position, rotation, and scale) have to be obtained relative to key joints for accurate articulation. This was done manually on a per-muscle basis for 126 muscles, and can be extended to any anthropometric avatar. With this initial real-time model, there is potential for a quicker assessment of the effect of muscles on human task performance, leading to a complete model that deforms in real time. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sharma, Abhinav; Dani, Angela; Mathai, Anith J.; Marler, Timothy; Abdel-Malek, Karim] Univ Iowa, Ctr Comp Aided Design, US Army Virtual Soldier Res Program, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Sharma, A (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Comp Aided Design, US Army Virtual Soldier Res Program, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM abhinav-sharma@uiowa.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS PY 2015 BP 3844 EP 3851 DI 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.889 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering GA BF6UZ UT WOS:000383740303132 ER PT J AU Lizardo, O Penta, M Chandler, M Doyle, C Komiss, G Szymanski, BK Bakdash, JZ AF Lizardo, Omar Penta, Michael Chandler, Matthew Doyle, Casey Komiss, G. Szymanski, Boleslaw K. Bakdash, Jonathan Z. BE Ahram, T Karwowski, W Schmorrow, D TI Analysis of opinion evolution in a multi-cultural student social network SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS (AHFE 2015) AND THE AFFILIATED CONFERENCES, AHFE 2015 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) CY JUL 26-30, 2015 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Evolution of opinions; Multi-cultural networks; Spread of opinion models ID DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS; DECAY AB The spread of opinions in social networks is dependent on structural properties of the network and the individual characteristics of its nodes. To capture this dependence, several abstract models of such spread were proposed. First, we model the difference between the dynamics of opinion spread in communities with a static social network versus a dynamic social network. Here we use the theoretical model of spread of opinions called the Binary Agreement Model based on the naming game. Using this model, we study potential mechanisms for the dependencies observed in the data by matching model generated evolution of opinion with the empirically observed evolution in the data. Second, we examine the unique set of behavioral network data (based on electronic logs of dyadic contact via smartphones) collected at the University of Notre Dame. The participants are a sample of members of the entering class of freshmen in the fall of 2011 whose opinions on a wide variety of political and social issues have been regularly recorded-at the beginning and end of each semester-for the last three years. Using this data set, we measure the evolution of participants' opinions and ascertain how much this evolution depends on the cultural traits of individuals and the structural properties of social networks that they form. Our analysis of our empirical dataset shows that ties among people who are more likely to share opinions (e.g. same race, gender, or socioeconomic class) decay at a slower rate than ties among persons who are likely to have different opinions. The analysis also indicates that the partner selection of individuals is associated sharing a (political) opinion. These results offer an assessment of the level of impact of culture and social network dynamics on the evolution of opinions in multi-cultural social networks. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lizardo, Omar; Penta, Michael; Chandler, Matthew] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Sociol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Doyle, Casey; Komiss, G.; Szymanski, Boleslaw K.] RPI, Ctr Network Sci & Technol, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bakdash, Jonathan Z.] US Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. RP Lizardo, O (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Sociol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Szymanski, Boleslaw/A-9121-2009 OI Szymanski, Boleslaw/0000-0002-0307-6743 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS PY 2015 BP 3974 EP 3981 DI 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.938 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering GA BF6UZ UT WOS:000383740304015 ER PT J AU Rice, V Tree, R Boykin, G AF Rice, Valerie Tree, Rebekah Boykin, Gary BE Ahram, T Karwowski, W Schmorrow, D TI Posttraumatic stress disorder and somatization among US service members and military veterans SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS (AHFE 2015) AND THE AFFILIATED CONFERENCES, AHFE 2015 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) CY JUL 26-30, 2015 CL Las Vegas, NV DE somatization; post-traumatic stress disorder; PTSD ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; SOMATIC SYMPTOMS; PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS; HEALTH-PROBLEMS; PRIMARY-CARE; PRIME-MD; SELF; PTSD; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSION AB Problem: Awareness of symptoms associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is important for developing appropriate treatment interventions and estimating accompanying costs. Knowledge of somatoform complaints is important, as individuals with somatoform disorders typically receive supplementary testing and care, increasing medical costs. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between PTSD and somatization among active U.S. service members and military veterans. Methods: U.S. military service members and veterans volunteered (n=205) to take a demographic survey, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Military Version (PCL-M), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15). Results: Positive correlations were found between PTSD symptoms and somatization (p< .05). Main effects of gender and a positive diagnosis of PTSD were found, as well as an interaction effect between gender, PTSD diagnosis, and military status (p<.05). Discussion: These findings show that being female and having a diagnosis of PTSD (using PCL-M criteria) are related to higher somatization. Women demonstrated high somatization when PTSD was present regardless of military status, however men demonstrated high somatization when PTSD was present and they were in active military status. These results suggest that somatization itself may be an associated symptom of PTSD, and support the need for in-depth assessment and strategized treatment to meet patient needs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rice, Valerie; Boykin, Gary] Army Res Lab, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. [Tree, Rebekah] DCS Corp, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Rice, V (reprint author), Army Res Lab, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. EM valerie.j.rice.civ@mail.mil NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS PY 2015 BP 5342 EP 5349 DI 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.643 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering GA BF6UZ UT WOS:000383740305065 ER PT S AU Trumbach, CC McKesson, C Ghandehari, P DeCan, L Eslinger, O AF Trumbach, Cherie Courseault McKesson, Christopher Ghandehari, Parisa DeCan, Lawrence Eslinger, Owen BE Kocaoglu, DF Anderson, TR Daim, TU Kozanoglu, DC Niwa, K Perman, G TI Innovation and Design Process Ontology SO PICMET '15 PORTLAND INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR MANAGEMENT OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SE Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET) CY AUG 02-06, 2015 CL Portland, OR SP Portland State Univ, Dept Engn & Technol Management, N Amer Travel Portland, Panason Syst Commun Co, Portland Int Ctr Management Engn & Technol, Maseeh Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Off Informat Technol Instruct Technol Serv & Classroom Audio Visual Event Team ID METHODOLOGY; TECHNOLOGY; KNOWLEDGE; MODEL AB Many domain-specific ontologies exist. These ontologies are used in text mining processes to better understand text that is available within the specific domain. Example domains include specific business areas such as marketing or functional areas such as particular types of operations within the intelligence community. This paper makes a step toward developing a broad ontology for the innovation and design process as a domain. Such an ontology can be used to better understand the discussion that takes places in the design and development of new innovations and can be used to better understand the influences on that development. In many cases, the success, failure, or final direction of a new innovation may not rest upon its technical merits but on the non-technical influences during the design and development process such as political influences. This paper uses examples within the shipbuilding domain in order to take steps toward building an Innovation and Design Process Ontology that can be applied to the Technology Delivery System (TDS) framework as a means of capturing and understanding the influences on the delivery system. C1 [Trumbach, Cherie Courseault; Ghandehari, Parisa; DeCan, Lawrence] Univ New Orleans, Sch Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [McKesson, Christopher] Univ British Columbia, Mech Engn, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Eslinger, Owen] US Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Trumbach, CC (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Sch Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-5100 BN 978-1-8908-4332-8 J9 PORTL INT CONF MANAG PY 2015 BP 2121 EP 2132 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BF4AJ UT WOS:000380611600208 ER PT J AU Monfared, A Ammar, M Zegura, E Doria, D Bruno, D AF Monfared, Alireza Ammar, Mostafa Zegura, Ellen Doria, David Bruno, David BE Bononi, L Noubir, G Manfredi, V TI Computational Ferrying: Challenges In Deploying a Mobile High Performance Computer SO 2015 IEEE 16TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON A WORLD OF WIRELESS, MOBILE AND MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS (WOWMOM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 16th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM) CY JUN 14-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE Computer Society, Missouri University of Science and Technology, IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Communications (TCCC) AB Mobile devices are often expected to perform computational tasks that may be beyond their processing or battery capability. Cloud computing techniques have been proposed as a means to offload a mobile device's computation to more powerful resources. In this paper, we consider the case where powerful computing resources are employed on a vehicle, thus they can be re-positioned in real time. User-carried devices with no Internet connectivity wish to initiate computing tasks to be run on a remote computer. This scenario finds application in challenged environments and may be used in a military or disaster relief setting. It is further enabled by increasing feasibility of constructing a Mobile High Performance Computer (MHPC) using rugged computer hardware with form factors that can be deployed in vehicles. By analogy to prior work on message ferries and data mules, one can refer to the use of MHPCs as computational ferrying. After illustrating and motivating the computational ferrying concept, we turn our attention into the challenges facing such a deployment. These include the well-known challenges of operating an opportunistic and intermittently connected network using message ferries-such as devising an efficient mobility plan for MHPCs and developing techniques for proximity awareness. In addition such a system must include computation offtoading decision making mechanisms to be deployed by mobile users, techniques for scheduling computation on MHPCs, and for handling possible mobility of the users. In this paper, first we propose an architecture for the system components to be deployed on the mobile users and the MHPCs. We then provide solutions to the MHPC movement scheduling problem with sufficient generality to describe a number of plausible deployment scenarios. Finally, we report and discuss some preliminary results. C1 [Monfared, Alireza; Ammar, Mostafa; Zegura, Ellen] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Doria, David; Bruno, David] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Monfared, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM alireza@gatech.edu; ammar@gatech.edu; ewz@gatech.edu; david.l.doria.civ@mail.mil; david.bruno@us.army.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8461-9 PY 2015 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF3KR UT WOS:000380552200068 ER PT J AU Hodge, JA Anthony, TK Zaghloul, AI AF Hodge, John A., II Anthony, Theodore K. Zaghloul, Amir I. GP IEEE TI Utilizing Active Circuit Elements for Dynamic Tuning and Electronic Scanning of CLL-Loaded Dipole Antenna Structure SO 2015 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium) Proceedings CY JUL 19-19, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas Propagat Soc, IEEE, URSI C1 [Hodge, John A., II; Anthony, Theodore K.; Zaghloul, Amir I.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jah70@vt.edu; theodore.k.anthony.civ@mail.mil; amir.i.zaghloul.civ@mail.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7817-5 PY 2015 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF3TC UT WOS:000380575300016 ER PT J AU Mitchell', G Wasylkiwskyj, W AF Mitchell', Gregory Wasylkiwskyj, Wasyl GP IEEE TI Extremely Low Profile Wideband UHF Antenna SO 2015 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium) Proceedings CY JUL 19-19, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas Propagat Soc, IEEE, URSI C1 [Mitchell', Gregory] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Mitchell', Gregory; Wasylkiwskyj, Wasyl] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7817-5 PY 2015 BP 176 EP 176 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF3TC UT WOS:000380575300176 ER PT J AU Conroy, JP Zaghloul, AI AF Conroy, James P. Zaghloul, Amir I. GP IEEE TI Aspects of Digital Beam Forming Errors for Radar and Communication Systems SO 2015 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium) Proceedings CY JUL 19-19, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas Propagat Soc, IEEE, URSI C1 [Conroy, James P.; Zaghloul, Amir I.] Virginia Tech, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. [Zaghloul, Amir I.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM osujim1@vt.edu; amirz@vt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7817-5 PY 2015 BP 222 EP 222 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF3TC UT WOS:000380575300222 ER PT J AU Dagefu, FT Verma, G Kozick, RJ Sadler, BM Sarabandi, K AF Dagefu, Fikadu T. Verma, Gunjan Kozick, Richard J. Sadler, Brian M. Sarabandi, Kamal GP IEEE TI Short Range Lower VHF Channel Study Using Full-wave Simulations and Measurements SO 2015 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium) Proceedings CY JUL 19-19, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas Propagat Soc, IEEE, URSI C1 [Dagefu, Fikadu T.; Verma, Gunjan; Sadler, Brian M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Kozick, Richard J.] Bucknell Univ, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Sarabandi, Kamal] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7817-5 PY 2015 BP 257 EP 257 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF3TC UT WOS:000380575300257 ER PT J AU Keller, SD Weiss, SJ AF Keller, Steven D. Weiss, Steven J. GP IEEE TI Quadrifilar Helix Antenna for Enhanced Air-to-Ground Communications SO 2015 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium) Proceedings CY JUL 19-19, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas Propagat Soc, IEEE, URSI C1 [Keller, Steven D.; Weiss, Steven J.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7817-5 PY 2015 BP 336 EP 336 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF3TC UT WOS:000380575300336 ER PT B AU Forney, AJ AF Forney, Andrew J. BE Lookingbill, BD TI TECHNOLOGY AND TACTICS SO COMPANION TO CUSTER AND THE LITTLE BIGHORN CAMPAIGN SE Wiley Blackwell Companions to American History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Forney, Andrew J.] Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RP Forney, AJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-119-07187-7; 978-1-4443-5109-5 J9 WILEY BLACK COMP AME PY 2015 BP 188 EP 207 D2 10.1002/9781119071839 PG 20 WC History SC History GA BF7NA UT WOS:000384255100011 ER PT B AU Ehlers, M AF Ehlers, Mark BE Lookingbill, BD TI A YOUNG GENERAL SO COMPANION TO CUSTER AND THE LITTLE BIGHORN CAMPAIGN SE Wiley Blackwell Companions to American History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter RP Ehlers, M (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Amer Hist, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-119-07187-7; 978-1-4443-5109-5 J9 WILEY BLACK COMP AME PY 2015 BP 211 EP 228 D2 10.1002/9781119071839 PG 18 WC History SC History GA BF7NA UT WOS:000384255100012 ER PT J AU Sandoz-Rosado, E Wetzel, ED Smith, JT Oida, S Bai, JW AF Sandoz-Rosado, Emil Wetzel, Eric D. Smith, Joshua T. Oida, Satoshi Bai, Jingwei GP IEEE TI The mechanical characterization of stacked, multilayer graphene cantilevers and plates SO 2015 IEEE 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE NANO 2015 15th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY CY JUL 27-30, 2015 CL ROME, ITALY SP Univ di Roma, SAPIENZA UNIV DI ROMA, IEEE, IEEE NANO, USN DEPT OF THE NAVY SCI & TECHNOL, ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI TECNOLOGIA, CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, Centro Studi e Documentazione sulla Sensoristica, FEI, Nanoscale Horizons, UNIV NOTRE DAME DE graphene; mechanical; plate; cantilever; elastic; bending ID STRENGTH AB The mechanical properties of stacked graphene sheets with varying number of layers are examined. The stacked sheets are assembled by manually combining single layer CVD-grown graphene monolayers, resulting in a turbostratic multilayer graphene with irregular layer spacing greater than crystalline graphite. Due to the presence of multiple layers, the material is analyzed as a plate rather than a membrane. Bending stiffness is determined via the deflection of micron-scale cantilevers, prepared using focused ion beam milling, while in-plane tensile stiffness is characterized through center-loading of edge-supported circular specimens. Computational modeling and established analytical solutions are used to extract material and structural property information, and benchmark measured properties relative to complementary results from indentation tests. Stacked, few-layer CVD-grown graphene retains an in-plane elastic modulus of 350N/m/layer (corresponding to 1.04 TPa for an inter-layer spacing of 0.335nm), suggesting good load-sharing between stacked layers. Width-normalized bending stiffness was unmeasurable for cantilevers of 1 and 3 layers, while cantilevers of 5 and 10 layers had values of 11,100nN.nm and 1.3.10(6)nN.nm respectively. C1 [Sandoz-Rosado, Emil; Wetzel, Eric D.] Army Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Sci Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Smith, Joshua T.; Oida, Satoshi; Bai, Jingwei] IBM Corp, Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. RP Sandoz-Rosado, E (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Sci Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM eric.d.wetzel2.civ@mail.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8155-0 PY 2015 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BF3AF UT WOS:000380515200011 ER PT B AU Samy, RP Satyanarayanajois, S Franco, OL Stiles, BG Gopalakrishnakone, P AF Samy, Ramar Perumal Satyanarayanajois, Seetharama Franco, Octavio L. Stiles, Bradley G. Gopalakrishnakone, Ponnampalam BE Sanchez, S Demain, AL TI Animal Venoms as Natural Sources of Antimicrobials SO ANTIBIOTICS: CURRENT INNOVATIONS AND FUTURE TRENDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MYOTOXIC PHOSPHOLIPASES A(2); AMINO-ACID OXIDASES; BOTHROPS-JARARACUSSU VENOM; DURISSUS-TERRIFICUS VENOM; DISINTEGRIN-LIKE PROTEIN; ALTERNATUS SNAKE-VENOM; NF-KAPPA-B; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CROTALUS-DURISSUS AB A number of naturally occurring proteins/peptides exert antimicrobial activities reported throughout the literature, of which snake venoms (SV) represent a vast natural source of protein/peptides not thoroughly explored to date. Snake venoms represent rich sources of bioactive compounds, which are produced by venom glands located around the snake's jawbone. In this review, we focus more on the basis of antimicrobial potential within SV and further need to search for novel antibiotic prototypes. Several enzymes [i.e. phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) (these are part of PLA(2)) l-amino acid oxidase and metalloproteinase], as well as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as cathelicidine and defensin, have been isolated by various groups from SV. Antimicrobial proteins/peptides work in various ways that include hydrolysing phospholipids on the bacterial surface. The presence of unusual amino acids and structure motifs in AMPs confer unique structural properties that contribute their specific mode of action. The ability of these active AMPs to act as multifunctional effectors such as signalling molecules and antibacterial agents makes them interesting candidates for structural and biological studies for prophylactic and therapeutic applications. In this review, we focus on the diversity and antimicrobial activities of various SV-derived molecules potentially useful as drug candidates for the pharmaceutical industry. C1 [Samy, Ramar Perumal; Gopalakrishnakone, Ponnampalam] Natl Univ Singapore, NUHS, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Anat, Singapore, Singapore. [Samy, Ramar Perumal] Natl Univ Singapore, NUHS, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Singapore, Singapore. [Samy, Ramar Perumal] Natl Univ Singapore, NUHS, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Singapore, Singapore. [Satyanarayanajois, Seetharama] Univ Louisiana Monroe, Sch Pharm, Dept Basic Pharmaceut Sci, Monroe, LA USA. [Franco, Octavio L.] Univ Catolica Brasilia, Ctr Anal Prote & Bioquim, Posgrad Ciencias Genom & Biotecnol UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Stiles, Bradley G.] US Army Med Res, Integrated Toxicol Div, Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Stiles, Bradley G.] Wilson Coll, Dept Biol, Chambersburg, PA USA. RP Samy, RP (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, NUHS, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Anat, Singapore, Singapore. EM rperumalsamy@yahoo.co.uk; jois@ulm.edu; ocfranco@gmail.com; bstiles@wilson.edu; antgopal@nus.edu.sg NR 174 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908230-55-3; 978-1-908230-54-6 PY 2015 BP 229 EP 247 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BF6IO UT WOS:000383135800014 ER PT B AU Van, M Sharp, M Vastenburg, E Kanning, W AF Van, Meindert Sharp, Mike Vastenburg, Erik Kanning, Wim BE Manzanal, D Sfriso, AO TI Rapid Assessment Method for Stability and Piping of Mississippi Levees SO FROM FUNDAMENTALS TO APPLICATIONS IN GEOTECHNICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Pan-American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (PCSMGE) / 8th South American Congress on Rock Mechanics (SCRM) CY NOV 15-18, 2015 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA DE Assessment; Levees; Mississippi; Piping; Stability; DAM; Automated engineering AB Rapid assessment methods with respect to piping and slope stability have been applied to 30 miles of Mississippi levees. This paper first gives an overview and comparison of the US and Dutch levee assessment methods for piping and slope stability. US and Dutch assessment methods for levees for slope stability are very similar and give similar results. For piping however, the assessment methods are quite different in approach and in resulted calculated seepage length. Dutch methods require lower safety margins than the US methods, since the Dutch method allows the beginning of sand boils and the US method allows seepage, but seeks to restrict sand particle movements. Subsequently, the Dutch methods are applied with an automated assessment tool, called Dike Strength Analyses Module (DAM), to a Mississippi levee assessment. DAM is a tool for rapid assessment of long stretches of levees. It requires LIDAR (or other altimetry) in combination with a (stochastic) subsurface model to (automatically) generate failure mechanism schematization with various subsoil scenarios and their probabilities of occurrence. The stochastic surface model is based on geological expert knowledge and soil investigation (e.g. CPT, borings) and general geological features. Based on the generated schematization, various failure models of slope stability and piping are assessed. The findings of this assessment are compared with the actual experience in the field and conclusions are presented in this paper.. The results derived from the automated assessment are supported by local experts, even though limited data was used for the assessment. C1 [Van, Meindert; Vastenburg, Erik; Kanning, Wim] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. [Sharp, Mike] Erdc, USACE, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Van, M (reprint author), Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. EM Meindert.Van@Deltares.NL NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-61499-603-3; 978-1-61499-602-6 PY 2015 BP 2295 EP 2302 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-603-3-2295 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BF4HN UT WOS:000380938802082 ER PT B AU Kannan, RC AF Kannan, Ramanuja Chari BE Manzanal, D Sfriso, AO TI Risk-based Design and Evaluation of Earth Structures SO FROM FUNDAMENTALS TO APPLICATIONS IN GEOTECHNICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Pan-American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (PCSMGE) / 8th South American Congress on Rock Mechanics (SCRM) CY NOV 15-18, 2015 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA DE Dams; Drilled shafts; Levees; Risk; Shear strength; Slope AB Geotechnical engineering design practice has evolved from the simple application of factors of safety to advanced design methods incorporating concepts such as load factor analysis, limit equilibrium and critical state analysis. In the last decade, risk based assessment has become an additional tool worth consideration in the evaluation of existing geotechnical structures and has the potential to extend in to the area of geotechnical design. This paper discusses some of the applications of risk-based evaluation of earth structures by adding value in some cases, but has been of little significant in other cases. In the case of performance evaluation of earth structures risk-based evaluation provides a better tool in compensating for design uncertainties. Drawing from the experience on typical projects, the paper discusses the merits and limits of risk based assessment as a supplementary tool. The assignment of the risk factors still remains subjective on the risk cadre examining the structures. However, in the design of earth structures, theoretical and analytical methods have room to include risk-based analysis. Current design process takes into account potential risks associated with the materials, methods and construction elements. Risk-based assessment could add a secondary layer of protection in design. In conclusion, though risk-based assessment is currently a qualitative assessment with limited statistical analysis, should evolve in to a quantifiable science, to become a viable investigation tool and a supplementary design tool. This paper presents specific examples of the use of risk-based methodology in evaluation and design to support this conclusion based on the recent experience in the United States of America. C1 [Kannan, Ramanuja Chari] US Army Corps Engineers, 819 Taylor St 4A18, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. RP Kannan, RC (reprint author), US Army Corps Engineers, 819 Taylor St 4A18, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-61499-603-3; 978-1-61499-602-6 PY 2015 BP 2849 EP 2859 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-603-3-2849 PG 11 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BF4HN UT WOS:000380938803049 ER PT S AU Barnes, MJ Chen, JYC Jentsch, F AF Barnes, Michael J. Chen, Jessie Y. C. Jentsch, Florian GP IEEE TI Designing for Mixed-Initiative Interactions between Human and Autonomous Systems in Complex Environments SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC 2015): BIG DATA ANALYTICS FOR HUMAN-CENTRIC SYSTEMS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2015 CL City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, K C Wong Fdn HO City Univ Hong Kong DE autonomous agents; human-centered design; mixed-initiative decision making ID AUTOMATION; INFORMATION; RELIANCE AB The purpose of the paper is to discuss human centered design implications for shared decision making between humans and autonomous systems in complex environments. Design implications are generated based on empirical results from two research paradigms. In the first paradigm, an intelligent agent (RoboLeader) supervised multiple subordinate systems and was in turn supervised by the human operator. The RoboLeader research varied number of subordinate units, task difficulty, agent reliability, type of agent errors, and partial autonomy. The second paradigm involved human interaction with partially and fully autonomous systems. Design implications from both paradigms are evaluated-relating to multitasking, adaptive systems, false alarms, individual differences, operator trust, and allocation of human and agent tasks for partial autonomy. We conclude that mixed-initiative decision sharing depends on designing interfaces that support human-agent transparency. C1 [Barnes, Michael J.] US Army, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. [Chen, Jessie Y. C.] US Army, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Orlando, FL USA. [Jentsch, Florian] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Jentsch, Florian] Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Barnes, MJ (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. EM michael.j.barnes.civ@mail.mil; yun-sheng.c.chen.civ@mail.mil; Florian.Jentsch@ucf.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4799-8696-5 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2015 BP 1386 EP 1390 DI 10.1109/SMC.2015.246 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE2BU UT WOS:000368940201078 ER PT S AU Wu, D Lawhern, VJ Lance, BJ AF Wu, Dongrui Lawhern, Vernon J. Lance, Brent J. GP IEEE TI Reducing Offline BCI Calibration Effort Using Weighted Adaptation Regularization with Source Domain Selection SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC 2015): BIG DATA ANALYTICS FOR HUMAN-CENTRIC SYSTEMS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2015 CL City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, K C Wong Fdn HO City Univ Hong Kong DE Brain-computer interface (BCI); EEG; event-related potentials (ERP); domain adaptation; transfer learning ID FRAMEWORK AB Single-trial classification of Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) is needed in many real-world brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. However, because of individual differences, the classifier needs to be calibrated by using some labeled subject-specific training samples, which may be inconvenient to obtain. In this paper we propose a weighted adaptation regularization (wAR) approach for offline BCI calibration, which uses data from other subjects to reduce the amount of labeled data required in offline single-trial classification of ERPs. Our proposed model explicitly handles class-imbalance problems which are common in many real-world BCI applications. wAR can improve the classification performance, given the same number of labeled subject-specific training samples; or, equivalently, it can reduce the number of labeled subject-specific training samples, given a desired classification accuracy. To reduce the computational cost of wAR, we also propose a source domain selection (SDS) approach. Our experiments show that wARSDS can achieve comparable performance with wAR but is much less computationally intensive. We expect wARSDS to find broad applications in offline BCI calibration. C1 [Wu, Dongrui] GE Global Res, Machine Learning Lab, Niskayuna, NY USA. [Lawhern, Vernon J.; Lance, Brent J.] US Army Res Lab, Translat Neurosci Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Lawhern, Vernon J.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Comp Sci, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Wu, D (reprint author), GE Global Res, Machine Learning Lab, Niskayuna, NY USA. EM drwu09@gmail.com; vernon.j.lawhern.civ@mail.mil; brent.j.lance.civ@mail.mil NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4799-8696-5 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2015 BP 3209 EP 3216 DI 10.1109/SMC.2015.557 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE2BU UT WOS:000368940203051 ER PT S AU Lawhern, V Slayback, D Wu, DR Lance, BJ AF Lawhern, Vernon Slayback, David Wu, Dongrui Lance, Brent J. GP IEEE TI Efficient Labeling of EEG Signal Artifacts using Active Learning SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC 2015): BIG DATA ANALYTICS FOR HUMAN-CENTRIC SYSTEMS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2015 CL City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, K C Wong Fdn HO City Univ Hong Kong DE EEG; Artifacts; Active Learning; Support Vector Machine; Autoregressive Model ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; CLASSIFICATION AB Electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used in a variety of contexts, including medical monitoring of subjects as well as performance monitoring in healthy individuals. Recent technological advances have now enabled researchers to quickly record and collect EEG on a wide scale. Although EEG is fairly easy to record, it is highly susceptible to noise sources called artifacts which can occur at amplitudes several times greater than the EEG signal of interest. Because of this, users must manually annotate the EEG signal to identify artifact regions in the data prior to any downstream processing. This can be time-consuming and impractical for large data collections. In this paper we present a method which uses Active Learning (AL) to improve the reliability of existing EEG artifact classifiers with minimal amounts of user interaction. Our results show that classification accuracy equivalent to classifiers trained on full data annotation can be obtained while labeling less than 25% of the data. This suggests significant time savings can be obtained when manually annotating artifacts in large EEG data collections. C1 [Lawhern, Vernon; Slayback, David; Lance, Brent J.] US Army Res Lab, Translat Neurosci Branch, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Lawhern, Vernon] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Comp Sci, San Antonio, TX USA. [Slayback, David] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Wu, Dongrui] GE Global Res, Machine Learning Lab, Niskayuna, NY USA. RP Lawhern, V (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Translat Neurosci Branch, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4799-8696-5 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2015 BP 3217 EP 3222 DI 10.1109/SMC.2015.558 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE2BU UT WOS:000368940203052 ER PT S AU Chung, HW Sadler, BM Hero, AO AF Chung, Hye Won Sadler, Brian M. Hero, Alfred O. GP IEEE TI Bounds on Variance for Symmetric Unimodal Distributions SO 2015 53RD ANNUAL ALLERTON CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATION, CONTROL, AND COMPUTING (ALLERTON) SE Annual Allerton Conference on Communication Control and Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2015 CL Monticello, IL SP Coordinated Sci Lab, Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE Differential entropy; variance; symmetric unimodal distributions; information theoretic surrogates AB We show a direct relationship between the variance and the differential entropy for the general class of symmetric unimodal distributions by providing an upper bound on variance in terms of entropy power. Combining this bound with the well-known entropy power lower bound on variance, we prove that for the general class of symmetric unimodal distributions the variance can be bounded below and above by the scaled entropy power. As differential entropy decreases, the variance is sandwiched between two exponentially decreasing functions in the differential entropy. This establishes that for the general class of symmetric unimodal distributions, the differential entropy can be used as a surrogate for concentration of the distribution. C1 [Chung, Hye Won; Hero, Alfred O.] Univ Michigan, Dept EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Sadler, Brian M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Chung, HW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM hyechung@umich.edu; brian.m.sadler6.civ@mail.mil; hero@eecs.umich.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2474-0195 BN 978-1-5090-1824-6 J9 ANN ALLERTON CONF PY 2015 BP 1235 EP 1240 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BF4RK UT WOS:000381622900171 ER PT S AU Dagefu, FT Verma, G Rao, CR Yu, PL Sadler, BM Sarabandi, K AF Dagefu, Fikadu T. Verma, Gunjan Rao, Chirag R. Yu, Paul L. Sadler, Brian M. Sarabandi, Kamal GP IEEE TI Measurement and Characterization of the Short-Range Low-VHF Channel SO 2015 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (WCNC) SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Wireless channel characterization; lower VHF band; near-ground propagation; channel phase distortion; transfer function measurements; bit error rate ID COMMUNICATION AB The lower VHF band shows potential for reliable communications in low power, short range scenarios among near-ground nodes in both indoor and urban environments. Such scenarios are of great interest, for example, in military and search-and-rescue settings. Most prior work at low VHF focuses on modeling path loss at long range. In this paper, we study indoor/outdoor near-ground scenarios through experiments focusing on both line-of-sight (LoS) and non-LoS (NLoS), at ranges up to 200 meters. By transmitting tones and pulses from various locations in a realistic environment, we acquire channel data via a mobile data collection platform which gathers data at hundreds of different locations. We show that the measured channels have a nearly ideal scalar attenuation and delay transfer function, with minimal phase distortion, and little evidence of multipath propagation. We further confirm the absence of small scale fading by measuring bit error rate (BER) versus received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for QPSK transmission in an indoor setting. Using only timing and carrier estimation at the receiver, the resulting BER curves coincide with theoretical additive white Gaussian noise channel BER predictions. C1 [Dagefu, Fikadu T.; Verma, Gunjan; Rao, Chirag R.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Yu, Paul L.; Sadler, Brian M.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Sarabandi, Kamal] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Dagefu, FT (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 978-1-4799-8406-0 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2015 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF4GX UT WOS:000380909600031 ER PT S AU Bennett, DT Brown, TX AF Bennett, Daniel T. Brown, Timothy X. GP IEEE TI Simple Receding Horizon Approach to Scheduling Mobile Wireless Clients with Uncertainty SO 2015 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (WCNC) SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE AB A key challenge in planning is how to schedule under uncertainty. We consider scheduling communications to dispersed wireless clients sharing a hub over a period of time in a dynamic environment. Scheduling under uncertainty research has produced either complex or unsatisfactory solutions for this problem. This paper develops a simple receding horizon linear program to allocate times for client specific traffic in order to realistically maximize client throughput. Given future uncertainty it considers clients' (estimated) future rates and loads and aggregates them utilizing various permutations. For the scenario we present, the simplest receding horizon approach using only two time intervals can perform within 3:4 percentage points of the optimal whereas a greedy approach can only achieve within 13 percentage points of the optimal. The aggregation over many periods minimizes the variations due to uncertainty and greatly simplifies the problem while providing good performance. This result can be extended to many other scheduling with uncertainty type scenarios. C1 [Bennett, Daniel T.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Bennett, Daniel T.] US Army Signal Corps, Ft Gordon, GA USA. [Brown, Timothy X.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bennett, DT (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM daniel.bennett@usma.edu; timxb@colorado.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 978-1-4799-8406-0 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2015 BP 1871 EP 1876 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF4GX UT WOS:000380909600319 ER PT S AU Harwell, XS AF Harwell, Xenia Srebrianski BE Daffner, C Muellner, BA TI Repositioning the Exiled Body: Alja Rachmanowa's Trilogy My Russian Diaries SO GERMAN WOMEN WRITERS AND THE SPATIAL TURN: NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Interdisciplinary German Cultural Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Xenia Harwell's essay on the relatively little-known Russian-Austrian writer Alja Rachmanowa, whose life and work spans much of the twentieth century, introduces readers to an intriguing voice in the world of German women's writing. Harwell takes a close look at how the "political and sociocultural transitional events" in the trilogy of stories that makes up Meine russischen Tagebucher [My Russian diaries] -written by Rachmanowa in the 1930s, a period that saw her transition from living in her native Russia to her forced exile in Austria (published in 1960) - are "acknowledged and enacted through the imagery and construction of space and of the space/body relationship." Harwell argues that "the positioning and re-positioning of the narrator's body in various spatial configurations is a key narrative technique that demonstrates the changing political and cultural landscape, altered social relations, and the impact of traumatic events." As a young student, Rachmanova experiences the upheaval and disruption of the Bolshevik revolution, the civil war, and permanent exile in Austria. For Rachmanova, these events of "spatial (re) location" are "intimately connected and informed by notions of home, mobility and confinement, memory, and identity." Basing her analysis on David Seamon's understanding of spaces and places of living as fundamentally located in the body, as well as on Cathy Caruth's work on trauma, Harwell develops the idea that Rachmanowa's formal temporal structure (in the form of the diary) serves merely as a backdrop for the "thematic clustering" of more privileged spatially-bound content. With filling a page with writing as a "spatial tactic," Harwell sees the narrator as able to "construct a stable alternative space, displacing herself, as it were, into the textual space that the act of writing offers." C1 [Harwell, Xenia Srebrianski] US Mil Acad, German, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Harwell, XS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, German, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1861-8030 BN 978-3-11-037828-3; 978-3-11-037820-7 J9 INTERD GERM CULT PY 2015 VL 17 BP 101 EP 119 D2 10.1515/9783110378283 PG 19 WC Literary Theory & Criticism; Literature, German, Dutch, Scandinavian SC Literature GA BF5FJ UT WOS:000381941600008 ER PT J AU O'Brien, H Ogunniyi, A Shaheen, W Ryu, SH AF O'Brien, Heather Ogunniyi, Aderinto Shaheen, William Ryu, Sei-Hyung GP IEEE TI Study of the Turn-on of Various High-Voltage SiC Thyristors SO WIPDA 2015 3RD IEEE WORKSHOP ON WIDE BANDGAP POWER DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications (WiPDA) CY NOV 02-04, 2015 CL Blackburg, VA SP IEEE DE silicon carbide; thyristor; high voltage ID CM(2) AB This research is focused on characterization of the turn-on transition of high voltage SiC thyristors of different epilayer thicknesses and active area sizes to determine their suitability and limitations in high-dVdt, fast-switching applications. The unique aspects of this study include the very high current density being switched through the thyristors over a short period of time at initial turn-on, resulting in very high instantaneous dissipated power over the small device volume. The devices that were characterized were 6 kV, 0.5 cm(2) super gate turn-off thyristors (SGTOs), 10 kV, 1.05 cm(2) SGTOs, and 15 kV, 1.05 cm(2) SGTOs, all fabricated by Cree, Inc. for the Army Research Laboratory. The highest dI/dt and current density were 13 kA/microsecond and 3.2 kA/cm(2) for a parallel pair of 0.5 cm(2) thyristors, with pulse current peaking 250 ns from initial gate trigger. These evaluations help determine tradeoffs between series-stacking two lower-voltage thyristors versus using a single thicker-epi device, or paralleling two small-area devices versus switching one larger device, for fast-switching applications. C1 [O'Brien, Heather; Ogunniyi, Aderinto] US Army Res Lab, RDRL SED P, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Shaheen, William] Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD USA. [Ryu, Sei-Hyung] Wolf Speed, Durham, NC USA. RP O'Brien, H (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, RDRL SED P, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7885-7 PY 2015 BP 5 EP 9 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GQ UT WOS:000380466000002 ER PT J AU Veliadis, V Steiner, B Lawson, K Bayne, SB Urciuoli, D Ha, HC AF Veliadis, V. Steiner, B. Lawson, K. Bayne, S. B. Urciuoli, D. Ha, H. C. GP IEEE TI Suitability of N-ON recessed implanted gate vertical-channel SiC JFETs for optically triggered 1200 V solid-state-circuit-breakers SO WIPDA 2015 3RD IEEE WORKSHOP ON WIDE BANDGAP POWER DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications (WiPDA) CY NOV 02-04, 2015 CL Blackburg, VA SP IEEE DE JFET; SiC; normally-ON; bidirectional; 1200-V; reliability; hard switching; pulsing; high temperature; high voltage; fault isolation; four quadrant; solid state circuit breaker AB A requirement for the commercialization of power SiC transistors is their long term reliable operation under the hard switching conditions and high temperatures encountered in the field. Normally-ON 1200 V vertical-channel implanted-gate SiC JFETs, designed for high-power bidirectional (four quadrant) solid-state-circuit-breaker applications, were repetitively pulse hard switched at 150 degrees C from a 1200 V blocking state to an on-state current of 115 A, which is in excess of 13 times the JFET's 250-W/cm(2) rated current at 150 degrees C. The JFETs were fabricated in seven photolithographic levels with a single masked ion-implantation forming the p+ gates and guard rings, and with no epitaxial regrowth. The pulsed testing was performed using a low inductance RLC circuit. In this circuit, energy initially stored in a capacitor is discharged in a load resistor through the JFET under test. The JFET hard-switch stressing included over 2.4 million 1200-W115-A hard-switch events at 150 degrees C and at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The peak energies and powers dissipated by the JFET at each hard-switch event were 73.2 mJ and 68.2 kW, respectively. The current rise rate was 166 Alps and the pulse FWHM was 1.8 mu s. After over 2.4 million hard-switch events at 150 degrees C, the JFET blocking voltage characteristics remained unchanged while the on-state conduction slightly improved, which indicate reliable operation. An optically triggered solid-state-circuit-breaker, based on these rugged JFET, is proposed. C1 [Veliadis, V.; Ha, H. C.] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. [Steiner, B.; Lawson, K.; Bayne, S. B.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Urciuoli, D.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Veliadis, V (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. EM victor.veliadis@ngc.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7885-7 PY 2015 BP 150 EP 153 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GQ UT WOS:000380466000030 ER PT J AU Liang, L Huang, AQ Sung, WJ Lee, MC Song, XQ Peng, C Cheng, L Palmour, J Scozzie, C AF Liang, Lin Huang, Alex Q. Sung, Woongje Lee, Meng-Chia Song, Xiaoqing Peng, Chang Cheng, Lin Palmour, John Scozzie, Charles GP IEEE TI Turn-on Capability of 22 kV SiC Fmitter Turn-off (ETO) Thyristor SO WIPDA 2015 3RD IEEE WORKSHOP ON WIDE BANDGAP POWER DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications (WiPDA) CY NOV 02-04, 2015 CL Blackburg, VA SP IEEE DE SiC Emitter Turn-off(ETO) Thyristor; turn-on; dv/dt; peak power density ID SOA AB The turn-on characteristics for the SiC p-ETO are researched in this paper. By establishing the two-dimensional numerical model of the SiC p-ETO, the influence of the device parameters and external circuit conditions on the turn-on speed is discussed. The experiments agree with the simulated results well. The npn turn-on mode of ETO is captured in a high di/dt experiment, which proves the existence of the FBSOA for this time hence the possibility of its application in converters without di/dt snubber. According to the intrinsic temperature limitation of the SiC material, the simulation shows that the peak power density of the SiC p-ETO during turn-on could reach several tens of MW/cm(2). C1 [Liang, Lin; Huang, Alex Q.; Sung, Woongje; Lee, Meng-Chia; Song, Xiaoqing; Peng, Chang] North Carolina State Univ, FREEDM Syst Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Palmour, John] Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Scozzie, Charles] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Cheng, Lin] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Liang, Lin] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Opt & Elect Informat, Wuhan, Peoples R China. RP Liang, L (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, FREEDM Syst Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM aqhuang@ncsu.edu RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7885-7 PY 2015 BP 192 EP 195 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GQ UT WOS:000380466000038 ER PT J AU Bhattarai, S Wei, SX Rook, S Yu, W Erbacher, RF Cam, H AF Bhattarai, Sulabh Wei, Sixiao Rook, Stephen Yu, Wei Erbacher, Robert F. Cam, Hasan GP IEEE TI On Simulation Studies of Jamming Threats Against LTE Networks SO 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING, NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS (ICNC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC) CY FEB 16-19, 2015 CL Anaheim, CA AB In this paper, we investigate the impact of jamming threats on the performance of LTE networks. First, we develop a three dimensional theoretical space to explore various jamming attacks. Next, we construct a set of attack scenarios by utilizing the dimensions of this space. To observe the impact on LTE network performance, we use ns-3 to implement the scenarios and to evaluate the attacks based on standard network metrics. The results demonstrate that our investigated jamming attacks can introduce significant performance degradation into LTE networks. C1 [Bhattarai, Sulabh; Wei, Sixiao; Rook, Stephen; Yu, Wei] Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Erbacher, Robert F.; Cam, Hasan] Army Res Lab, Network Sci Div, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM wyu@towson.edu; robert.f.erbacher.civ@mail.mil; hasan.cam.civ@mail.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-6959-3 PY 2015 BP 99 EP 103 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF3MR UT WOS:000380557400020 ER PT J AU Holbert, B Tati, S Silvestri, S La Porta, T Swami, A AF Holbert, B. Tati, S. Silvestri, S. La Porta, T. Swami, A. GP IEEE TI Network Topology Inference with Partial Path Information SO 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING, NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS (ICNC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC) CY FEB 16-19, 2015 CL Anaheim, CA DE Topology inference; Partical information ID TO-END MEASUREMENTS AB Full knowledge of the routing topology of the internet is useful for a multitude of network management tasks. However, the full topology is often not known and is instead estimated using topology inference algorithms. Many of these algorithms use Traceroute to probe paths in the network and then use the collected information to infer the topology. In practice routers may severely disrupt the operation of Traceroute and cause it only provide partial information. We propose iTop, an algorithm for inferring the network topology when only partial information is available. iTop constructs a virtual topology, which overestimates the number of network components, and then repeatedly merges links in this topology to resolve it towards the structure of the true network. We perform extensive simulations to compare iTop to sate of the art inference algorithms. Results show that iTop significantly outperforms previous approaches and its inferred topologies are within 5% of the original networks for all the considered metrics. C1 [Holbert, B.; Tati, S.; Silvestri, S.; La Porta, T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Swami, A.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Holbert, B (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bdh5027@cse.psu.edu; tati@cse.psu.edu; simone@cse.psu.edu; tlp@cse.psu.edu; ananthram.swami@us.army.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-6959-3 PY 2015 BP 796 EP 802 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF3MR UT WOS:000380557400145 ER PT S AU Rivera, J AF Rivera, Jason BE Maybaum, M Osula, AM Lindstrom, L TI Achieving Cyberdeterrence and the Ability of Small States to Hold Large States at Risk SO 2015 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBER CONFLICT - ARCHITECTURES IN CYBERSPACE (CYCON) SE International Conference on Cyber Conflict LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Cyber Conflict - Architectures in Cyberspace (CyCon) CY MAY 26-28, 2015 CL Tallinn, ESTONIA SP IEEE adv technology humanity, microsoft, cisco DE attribution; cyberdeterrence; deterrence; use of force AB Achieving cyberdeterrence is a seemingly elusive goal in the international cyberdefense community. The consensus among experts is that cyberdeterrence is difficult at best and perhaps impossible, due to difficulties in holding aggressors at risk, the technical challenges of attribution, and legal restrictions such as the UN Charter's prohibition against the use of force. Consequently, cyberspace defenders have prioritized increasing the size and strength of the metaphorical "walls" in cyberspace over facilitating deterrent measures. The notion of cyberdeterrence is especially daunting when considering how small states can deter larger, militarily more powerful states. For example, how would Estonia or Japan conduct deterrence through cyberspace against larger regional adversaries with more robust military capabilities? The power disparities between nations of such different military stature are seemingly overwhelming and insurmountable. It is these disparities in cyber power that present conceptual challenges, especially when measuring power in terms of military size, budget, strength, and technological capabilities. "Power," however, is a broad term that should be considered beyond the military context. This is especially true in cyberspace, where a nation without a strong military can hold a militarily powerful nation at risk, so long as the former is aware of their strategic advantages as well as the critical vulnerabilities of the latter. Given this reality, this paper shall suspend, or at least cast reasonable doubt on, the notion that cyberdeterrence is either difficult or impossible. Using a deductive method to analyze the components of cyberdeterrence strategy and examine the various challenges involved, this paper introduces a hypothesis on how small, less powerful states can hold large powerful states at risk through cyberspace. C1 [Rivera, Jason] US Army Natl Guard, Deloitte & Touche LLP, Threat Intelligence & Analyt Captain, Georgetown Sch Foreign Serv, Washington, DC 20003 USA. RP Rivera, J (reprint author), US Army Natl Guard, Deloitte & Touche LLP, Threat Intelligence & Analyt Captain, Georgetown Sch Foreign Serv, Washington, DC 20003 USA. EM jhr47@georgetown.edu NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-5366 BN 978-9-9499-5443-8 J9 INT CONF CYBER CONFL PY 2015 BP 7 EP 24 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF3EC UT WOS:000380531500002 ER PT S AU DeWeese, GS AF DeWeese, Geoffrey S. BE Maybaum, M Osula, AM Lindstrom, L TI Anticipatory and Preemptive Self-Defense in Cyberspace: The Challenge of Imminence SO 2015 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBER CONFLICT - ARCHITECTURES IN CYBERSPACE (CYCON) SE International Conference on Cyber Conflict LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Cyber Conflict - Architectures in Cyberspace (CyCon) CY MAY 26-28, 2015 CL Tallinn, ESTONIA SP IEEE adv technology humanity, microsoft, cisco DE anticipatory and preemptive self-defense; imminence AB As the potential for disastrous consequences from cyber threats increases in prevalence, the speed which such cyber threats can occur presents new challenges to understandings of self-defense. This paper first examines the cyber threats nations could face. It next looks at existing concepts of self-defense with particular focus on anticipatory and preemptive self-defense, and then moves to a review of the underlying criteria which govern the right to resort to such actions. As will be shown, definitions for anticipatory and preemptive self-defense are less useful than an understanding of the actual criteria that must be met to justify their use. These criteria include necessity and proportionality, and for anticipatory and preemptive actions, imminence. The paper will turn this review to the cyber context, first examining how cyber operations are conducted, and then applying the self-defense criteria to the cyber domain. As will be shown, the most critical legal challenge in this analysis will be the determination of an imminent threat. Imminence in the cyber domain must not be tied to a strict temporal analysis, but should accommodate a broader window of opportunity approach, which in turn must give consideration to the likelihood that a victim State may not always know the intent of an adversary who implants malicious malware on the victim State's critical infrastructure. Using a hypothetical case, the paper will evaluate potential decision making for a State facing a potential cyber threat. In conclusion, the paper will show that an understanding of the process for determining a right to anticipatory or preemptive self-defense must be considered by a cyber actor conducting cyber operations on a potential adversary's systems to help ensure such actors do not inadvertently give their adversary a reasonable basis to determine that an attack is imminent. C1 [DeWeese, Geoffrey S.] US Army, US Strateg Command, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. RP DeWeese, GS (reprint author), US Army, US Strateg Command, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-5366 BN 978-9-9499-5443-8 J9 INT CONF CYBER CONFL PY 2015 BP 81 EP 92 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF3EC UT WOS:000380531500007 ER PT S AU Beskow, D Rowe, C Lee, J Nugmanov, M Vargas, R AF Beskow, David Rowe, Caitlin Lee, Jed Nugmanov, Maxat Vargas, Ruben GP IEEE TI Data Fusion for Regionally Aligned Forces SO 2015 9TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (SYSCON) SE Annual IEEE Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon) CY APR 13-16, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Syst Council ID CENTRALITY AB Today the U.S. Army is increasingly deploying regionally aligned brigades to new areas of interest while simultaneously placing greater emphasis on engagement, recently adding it to the Warfighting Functions. These regionally aligned forces often conduct engagement in unstable and austere environments with limited understanding of the primary actors. Traditional intelligence collection is often focused at the national level on the primary state and non-state actors in a region; but may not be complete at the granularity required to support these small-scale deployments. The open-source internet provides a wealth of information, but is often time-intensive to search and analogous to finding a "needle in a haystack" Our research will use Network Centrality metrics applied to the Global Knowledge Graph (GKG) to provide tactical commanders with a tool that identifies influential individuals at the sub-national level. This information will allow tactical leaders to make more informed in their operating environment. C1 [Beskow, David; Rowe, Caitlin; Lee, Jed; Nugmanov, Maxat; Vargas, Ruben] US Mil Acad, Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Beskow, D (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM david.beskow@usma.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-7620 BN 978-1-4799-5927-3 J9 ANN IEEE SYST CONF PY 2015 BP 620 EP 626 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FS UT WOS:000380537800094 ER PT J AU Romero-Zurita, N Ghogho, M McLernon, D Swami, A AF Romero-Zurita, Nabil Ghogho, Mounir McLernon, Des Swami, Ananthram GP IEEE TI Can Bob Enhance the Security of the Multiple Antenna Wiretap Channel? SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATION WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL London, UNITED KINGDOM DE Artificial noise; precoding; secrecy rate; multiple antennas; physical layer security; wireless secrecy; semidefinite programming ID ARTIFICIAL NOISE; PHYSICAL-LAYER; PROTECTED ZONE; SECRECY; OPTIMIZATION; TRANSMISSION AB We address the physical layer security question of whether a multiple antenna receiver can enhance the secrecy rate of the multiple-input multiple-output wiretap channel by transmitting artificial noise from some of its antennas to jam a multiple antenna eavesdropper. To answer this question we use a QoS-MMSE approach to formulate a global constrained optimisation problem that is efficiently solved after approximating it by a semidefinite program. Results suggest that an improvement in secrecy rate is possible by transmitting artificial noise from an appropriately chosen number of the receiver's antennas. We introduce two antenna configuration selection strategies to reduce system complexity and obtain the best secrecy performance. C1 [Romero-Zurita, Nabil; Ghogho, Mounir; McLernon, Des] Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Romero-Zurita, Nabil] Cambridge Silicon Radio Ltd, Cambridge, England. [Ghogho, Mounir] Int Univ Rabat, Rabat, Morocco. [Swami, Ananthram] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Romero-Zurita, N (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM leonabil@ieee.org; m.ghogho@leeds.ac.uk; d.c.mclernon@leeds.ac.uk; a.swami@ieee.org NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6305-1 PY 2015 BP 447 EP 452 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BF2EF UT WOS:000380459900075 ER PT J AU Trujillo, MM Duling, K Darrah, M Fuller, E Wathen, M AF Trujillo, Marcela Mera Duling, Kristin Darrah, Marjorie Fuller, Edgar Wathen, Mitchell GP IEEE TI Fitness Function Changes to Improve Performance in a GA used for Multi-UAV Tasking SO 2015 WORKSHOP ON RESEARCH, EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS (RED-UAS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 Workshop Res Ed dev unmanned aerial systems RED-US CY NOV 23-25, 2015 CL cancun, MEXICO AB Various methods have been utilized for the cooperative tasking of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), with the genetic algorithm (GA) being a technique that has proven to be versatile and effective for this use. The design and implementation of a GA is both an art and a science that brings together creativity, theoretical foundations and engineering. The focus of this paper is to show how the fitness function for a GA has been improved to meet variable mission constraints and also improve performance of the system designed to provide support for a ground station to fly cooperative missions with teams of small UAVs. C1 [Trujillo, Marcela Mera; Duling, Kristin; Darrah, Marjorie; Fuller, Edgar] West Virginia Univ, Dept Math, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wathen, Mitchell] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Trujillo, MM (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Dept Math, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM mameratrujillo@mix.wvu.edu; kduling@mix.wvu.edu; Marjorie.Darrah@mail.wvu.edu; Edgar.Fuller@mail.wvu.edu; wathenm@rnd4dod.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1784-3 PY 2015 BP 211 EP 218 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BF2NU UT WOS:000380483900026 ER PT S AU Mintz, B Hanson, J Hathaway, K AF Mintz, Bianca Hanson, Jeff Hathaway, Kent GP IEEE TI Air-Sea Forcing of Coastal Ocean Sea Surface Temperature SO OCEANS 2015 - MTS/IEEE WASHINGTON SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS MTS/IEEE Conference CY OCT 19-22, 2015 CL Washington, DC SP MTS, IEEE DE nearshore sea surface temperature; upwelling; winds; seasonal trends AB Nearshore sea surface temperatures show both strong seasonal trends and rapid changes associated with local weather events. As a result, commercial fishing operations search and rescue services, and recreational users have a very limited capability to predict expected sea surface temperatures for any given day. We use empirical and neural net modeling techniques to describe the seasonal relationships between wind velocity, offshore sea surface temperature, air temperature, wave energy and nearshore sea surface temperature along the Outer Banks of North Carolina. In the winter months, nearshore sea surface temperature is influenced by both offshore sea surface temperatures and air temperature, both of which reflect solar input. During the summer months, the ocean is stratified. Consequently, winds influence nearshore sea surface temperatures by inducing upwelling and downwelling phenomena, resulting in decreases and increases in nearshore SSTs respectively. The spring and fall seasons exhibit trends from both the summer and the winter, but these trends are weaker. We also look at how the greater prevalence of winds and waves during various seasons also influences nearshore sea surface temperatures. The resulting neural net model can predict nearshore sea surface temperature with a reasonable amount of accuracy. C1 [Mintz, Bianca] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hanson, Jeff] WaveForce Technol LLC, Kill Devil Hills, NC USA. [Hathaway, Kent] US Army Corps Engineers, Field Res Facil, Duck, NC USA. RP Mintz, B (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM bmintz@hawaii.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-43-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BF3JW UT WOS:000380550000185 ER PT S AU Wang, JJ Tong, WZ Yu, HK Li, M Ma, XL Cai, HY Hanratty, T Han, JW AF Wang, Jingjing Tong, Wenzhu Yu, Hongkun Li, Min Ma, Xiuli Cai, Haoyan Hanratty, Tim Han, Jiawei BE Aggarwal, C Zhou, ZH Tuzhilin, A Xiong, H Wu, X TI Mining Multi-Aspect Reflection of News Events in Twitter: Discovery, Linking and Presentation SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING (ICDM) SE IEEE International Conference on Data Mining LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM) CY NOV 14-17, 2015 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP Conf Publising Serv, IEEE Comp Soc, Stony Brook Univ, Pinnacle, IEEE, RUTGERS, KD nuggets, cisco, drawbridge, NSF AB A major event often has repercussions on both news media and microblogging sites such as Twitter. Reports from mainstream news agencies and discussions from Twitter complement each other to form a complete picture. An event can have multiple aspects (sub-events) describing it from multiple angles, each of which attracts opinions/comments posted on Twitter. Mining such reflections is interesting to both policy makers and ordinary people seeking information. In this paper, we propose a unified framework to mine multi-aspect reflections of news events in Twitter. We propose a novel and efficient dynamic hierarchical entity-aware event discovery model to learn news events and their multiple aspects. The aspects of an event are linked to their reflections in Twitter by a bootstrapped dataless classification scheme, which elegantly handles the challenges of selecting informative tweets under overwhelming noise and bridging the vocabularies of news and tweets. In addition, we demonstrate that our framework naturally generates an informative presentation of each event with entity graphs, time spans, news summaries and tweet highlights to facilitate user digestion. C1 [Wang, Jingjing; Tong, Wenzhu; Yu, Hongkun; Li, Min; Cai, Haoyan; Han, Jiawei] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Ma, Xiuli] Peking Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Hanratty, Tim] Army Res Lab, Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Wang, JJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM jwang112@illinois.edu; wtong8@illinois.edu; hyu50@illinois.edu; minli3@illinois.edu; xlma@pku.edu.cn; hcai6@illinois.edu; timothy.p.hanratty@mail.mil; hanj@illinois.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-4786 BN 978-1-4673-9503-8 J9 IEEE DATA MINING PY 2015 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1109/ICDM.2015.112 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BF3GO UT WOS:000380541000044 ER PT S AU Damarla, T AF Damarla, Thyagaraju GP IEEE TI DETECTION OF GUNSHOTS USING MICROPHONE ARRAY MOUNTED ON A MOVING PLATFORM SO 2015 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE SENSORS CY NOV 01-04, 2015 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, Sensors Council, Korean Sensors Soc DE gunfire detection; time difference of arrival; platform noise; flow noise; localization AB Detection of gunshots on a moving platform such as a vehicle is subjected to platform and flow-noise. Hence, detection of muzzle blast signal in the noise is extremely difficult. The received signal at a microphone consists of two parts: one due to direct path and other due to multipath. The signals due to multipath ride the noise and appear as fine fluctuations. In this paper we present a technique to detect the whereabouts of muzzle blast signal (due to direct path) buried in noise by first detecting the signals due to multipath. Once the muzzle blast is detected, the time difference of arrival (TDOA) at several pairs of microphones can be used to localize the origin of the gunshot. C1 [Damarla, Thyagaraju] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Damarla, T (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4799-8203-5 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2015 BP 1385 EP 1388 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BF1WO UT WOS:000380440800363 ER PT J AU Priddy, LP Tingle, JS AF Priddy, Lucy P. Tingle, Jeb S. BE Harvey, JT Chou, KF TI Evaluation of Nontraditionally Surfaced Airfield Pavements SO AIRFIELD AND HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS 2015: INNOVATIVE AND COST-EFFECTIVE PAVEMENTS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Airfield and Highway Pavements Conference CY JUN 07-10, 2015 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Transportat & Dev Inst AB The U.S. military typically operates its aircraft on traditionally surfaced pavements such as Portland cement concrete (PCC) or asphalt concrete (AC), for which there are well-established methodologies for evaluating their surface conditions and structural performance. There is, however, a lack of pavement evaluation guidance for nontraditionally surfaced airfield pavements that may be encountered around the world. Aircraft operations, such as training exercises, humanitarian relief missions, or personnel evacuations may be conducted in remote regions of developing countries where access to traditionally paved airfield infrastructure meeting International Civil Aviation Organization standards is not available. Nontraditionally surfaced airfield pavements of particular interest include those with wearing surfaces comprised of sand asphalt, penetration macadam, bituminous surface treatments (applied over prepared bases), and stabilized soils/aggregates. These pavement types may be encountered in regions where airfield quality AC or PCC are either not readily available or they are too cost-, labor-, or equipment-intensive to use. Additionally, these surface types may have been used at airfields designed to support lighter aircraft with fewer operations. This paper presents evaluation procedures for predicting the performance of these pavement types for aircraft. The identification of key surface distresses and recommendations for the visual and structural assessment of each pavement type are also presented. Recommendations for improving the evaluation procedure through field verification tests are discussed. C1 [Priddy, Lucy P.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr ERDC, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Tingle, Jeb S.] US Army ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Priddy, LP (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr ERDC, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM lucy.p.priddy@usace.army.mil; jeb.s.tingle@usace.army.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 978-0-7844-7921-6 PY 2015 BP 581 EP 592 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BF4JA UT WOS:000381033800052 ER PT J AU Mejias-Santiago, M Garcia, L Edwards, L AF Mejias-Santiago, Mariely Garcia, Lyan Edwards, Lulu BE Harvey, JT Chou, KF TI Assessment of Material Strength Using Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Test for Pavement Applications SO AIRFIELD AND HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS 2015: INNOVATIVE AND COST-EFFECTIVE PAVEMENTS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Airfield and Highway Pavements Conference CY JUN 07-10, 2015 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Transportat & Dev Inst ID MODULUS; SOILS AB The dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) has been studied extensively since its early development in the 1960's to expand its use for evaluating in situ engineering properties of pavement base courses, subbases, and subgrade layers. The DCP penetration rate (PR) has been correlated to common soil strength parameters such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and modulus with an emphasis on using the DCP in lieu of traditional CBR and falling weight deflectometer (FWD) or heavy weight deflectometer (HWD) testing. This paper evaluates the use of the DCP for assessment of material strength for pavement applications. Focus is placed on the use of the DCP for estimating soil strength, compaction quality control, and detecting pavement sublayer strength variability. A database containing 185 test points at 24 sites where DCP, FWD, and/or CBR tests were conducted was populated and used to perform regression analyses. Relationships between PR, CBR, and backcalculated modulus were developed and compared to existing correlations. The application of DCP in soil strength determination, compaction quality control, and pavement variability detection was established. C1 [Mejias-Santiago, Mariely; Garcia, Lyan; Edwards, Lulu] US Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Mejias-Santiago, M (reprint author), US Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Mariely.Mejias@usace.army.mil; Lyan.Garcia@usace.army.mil; Lulu.Edwards@usace.army.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 978-0-7844-7921-6 PY 2015 BP 837 EP 848 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BF4JA UT WOS:000381033800074 ER PT J AU Jones, KF Bates, R AF Jones, K. F. Bates, R. BE Lynch, OJ TI Compilation of Damaging Ice Storms in the United States SO ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION AND SUBSTATION STRUCTURES 2015: TECHNICAL CHALLENGES AND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN GRID MODERNIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electrical Transmission and Substation Structures Conference CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 2015 CL Branson, MO SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Struct Engn Inst, Elect Transmiss Struct Comm AB Institutional knowledge on the history of damaging ice storms in a utility's service area often resides with the members of the utility's line crews. As they retire that information is lost. This paper describes our compilation of freezing rain storms in the United States and southern Canada that were severe enough to damage trees, power lines, and communication towers. This compilation is available online in an ice storm Geographic Information System (GIS) that maps each storm's damage footprint and includes information compiled primarily from newspaper reports on the storm severity, including comparisons to previous storms and any disaster declarations. By clicking on the map, users generate a list of ice storms at that location. Choosing one of the listed storms brings up the storm description and a map of the damage footprint. The presentation will include a demonstration of the GIS. C1 [Jones, K. F.; Bates, R.] Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Jones, KF (reprint author), Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM kathleen.f.jones@usace.army.mil; richard.bates@usace.army.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 978-0-7844-7941-4 PY 2015 BP 166 EP 177 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF4JQ UT WOS:000381093300014 ER PT J AU Hulette, BH Zaghloul, AI AF Hulette, Brian H. Zaghloul, Amir I. GP IEEE TI Simulation of Channelizer Structures Directed by Cyclostationary Detector SO 2015 1st URSI Atlantic Radio Science Conference (URSI AT-RASC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st URSI Atlantic Radio Science Conference (URSI AT-RASC) CY MAY 16-24, 2015 CL Gran Canaria, SPAIN C1 [Hulette, Brian H.; Zaghloul, Amir I.] Virginia Tech, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. [Zaghloul, Amir I.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hulette, BH (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. EM hulettbh@vt.edu; amirz@vt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-9-0900-8628-6 PY 2015 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF3OZ UT WOS:000380563800182 ER PT J AU Coburn, WO AF Coburn, William O'Keefe GP IEEE TI An Ultra-Wideband Absorber Backed Planar Slot Antenna SO 2015 31st International Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) Vol 31 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics CY MAR 22-26, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP FEKO, CST, ANDRO DE Ground Penetrating Radar; Method of Moments; microwave absorber; planar slot antenna; Time-Domain Finite-Difference AB Planar antenna designs have many advantages such as low-profile, light-weight, and ease of fabrication and integration. Low-cost is often desired but this depends on the chosen substrate. The substrate can also dominate the ruggedness of the antenna, such as the use of ceramics which can be brittle. Here, a planar slot antenna implemented on ceramic substrate with coplanar waveguide feed is considered. With absorber loading the design provides 50 Omega input impedance over the frequency range 0.3-3 GHz so it is considered ultra-wideband. This paper summarizes a numerical investigation using both frequency and time-domain solvers. The results serve to guide the future analysis of broadband antennas with lossy dielectric loading for ground penetrating radars. The evaluation of radar performance requires further simulation and model validation based on antenna measurements. C1 [Coburn, William O'Keefe] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Coburn, WO (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM william.o.coburn.civ@mail.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9960-0781-8 PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF3MD UT WOS:000380555900057 ER PT J AU Karthik, VU Mathialakan, T Jayakumar, P Thyagarajan, RS Hoole, SRH AF Karthik, Victor U. Mathialakan, Thavappiragsam Jayakumar, Paramsothy Thyagarajan, Ravi S. Hoole, S. R. H. GP IEEE TI Coil positioning for defect reconstruction in a steel plate SO 2015 31st International Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) Vol 31 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics CY MAR 22-26, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP FEKO, CST, ANDRO DE FEA; NDE; Optimization AB When a steel plate in an army ground vehicle is found to be defective, usually by eddy current testing (ECT), it is taken out of service for repairing without determining if the defect warrants withdrawal or not, whereas the defect might be minor and withdrawal wasteful. In building on our previous work we detect the optimal position to place the ECT coil, and investigate and establish a procedure for defect identification and characterization. We characterize defects by parametrically describing them and then optimizing the parameters to match computed fields to measurements. The pancake exciting coil is moved till the sensing coil reads maximum voltage and at that point compute the fields. We compare working with voltage versus impedance. C1 [Karthik, Victor U.; Mathialakan, Thavappiragsam; Hoole, S. R. H.] Michigan State Univ, ECE Dept, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Jayakumar, Paramsothy; Thyagarajan, Ravi S.] US Army TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Hoole, SRH (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, ECE Dept, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM uthayaku@msu.edu; thavappi@msu.edu; paramsothy.jayakumar.civ@mail.mil; ravi.s.thyagarajan.civ@mail.mil; hoole@msu.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9960-0781-8 PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF3MD UT WOS:000380555900133 ER PT J AU McCormick, SA Coburn, WO AF McCormick, Seth A. Coburn, William O. GP IEEE TI Simple Analysis of an Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure SO 2015 31st International Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) Vol 31 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics CY MAR 22-26, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP FEKO, CST, ANDRO DE Bandwidth; electromagnetic band gap; reflection coefficient; vias AB An in depth look into the EBG reflection phase is presented. Traditionally, the bandwidth has been defined in terms of the reflection coefficient phase as 0 degrees +/- 90 degrees while others use 0 degrees +/- 45 degrees or 90 degrees +/- 45 degrees. Here, the bandwidth is examined from a plane wave, near field, and pattern perspective to provide insight into EBG design for a given antenna application. C1 [McCormick, Seth A.] Gen Tech Serv, Wall, NJ 07719 USA. [Coburn, William O.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP McCormick, SA (reprint author), Gen Tech Serv, Wall, NJ 07719 USA. EM seth.a.mccormick.ctr@mail.mil; william.o.coburn.civ@mail.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9960-0781-8 PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF3MD UT WOS:000380555900075 ER PT J AU Palreddy, S Anthony, TK Zaghloul, AI AF Palreddy, Sandeep Anthony, Theodore K. Zaghloul, Amir I. GP IEEE TI Effects of Solder in the Feed Junction on Spiral Antenna Performance SO 2015 31st International Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) Vol 31 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics CY MAR 22-26, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP FEKO, CST, ANDRO DE Solder effects; spiral with balun AB This paper presents the effects of solder on spiral antenna performance by simulating different solder gaps connecting spiral antenna to balun, and comparing return loss and boresight gain of spiral antenna. C1 [Anthony, Theodore K.; Zaghloul, Amir I.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Palreddy, Sandeep; Zaghloul, Amir I.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Palreddy, S (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM spalredd@vt.edu; theodore.k.anthony.civ@mail.mil; amir.i.zaghloul.civ@mail.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9960-0781-8 PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF3MD UT WOS:000380555900011 ER PT J AU Sivasuthan, S Jayakumar, P Thyagarajan, R Hoole, SRH AF Sivasuthan, S. Jayakumar, P. Thyagarajan, R. Hoole, S. R. H. GP IEEE TI A Parameterized 3D Mesh Generator for Optimization in NDE and Shape Design on a GPU SO 2015 31st International Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) Vol 31 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics CY MAR 22-26, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP FEKO, CST, ANDRO DE FEM; meshes; optimization; meshs AB While 3D mesh generators do exist, those that meet the special needs of nonstop parametrically described shape iterations for optimization are commercial and use unknown algorithms. For nonstop optimization iterations, the mesh needs to be generated for changing parameters without user intervention. This paper presents our parameterized mesh generation with example NDE and shape optimization problems. The mesh runs on the CPU while finite element optimization is on the GPU for speed. C1 [Sivasuthan, S.; Hoole, S. R. H.] Michigan State Univ, ECE Dept, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Jayakumar, P.; Thyagarajan, R.] US Army TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Hoole, SRH (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, ECE Dept, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM sivasuth@msu.edu; paramsothy.jayakumar.civ@mail.mil; ravi.s.thyagarajan.civ@mail.mil; srhhoole@gmail.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9960-0781-8 PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF3MD UT WOS:000380555900121 ER PT J AU Weiss, S Mitchell, G AF Weiss, Steven Mitchell, Gregory GP IEEE TI CST Models of Spherical Antenna Structures SO 2015 31st International Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) Vol 31 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics CY MAR 22-26, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP FEKO, CST, ANDRO DE conducting shell; omnidirectional antennas; spherical antennas AB This paper details some of the modeling aspects required for the computational simulation of spherical antennas using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) 3D electromagnetic software. This particular type of antenna has a radiating structure that is placed over a conducting sphere. The construction of the antenna is such that the inside of the sphere is isolated leaving the volume inside the sphere devoid of any electromagnetic fields. Simulations and some preliminary measurements show potential for antenna size reductions. C1 [Weiss, Steven; Mitchell, Gregory] Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Weiss, S (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM steven.j.weiss14.civ@mail.mil; gregory.a.mitchell1.civ@mail.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9960-0781-8 PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF3MD UT WOS:000380555900107 ER PT J AU Comite, D Ahmad, F Amin, MG Dogaru, T AF Comite, Davide Ahmad, Fauzia Amin, Moeness G. Dogaru, Traian BE Matthews, MB TI Detection of Low-Signature Targets in Rough Surface Terrain for Forward-Looking Ground Penetrating Radar Imaging SO 2015 49TH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 49th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 08-11, 2015 CL Asilomar Hotel & Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc HO Asilomar Hotel & Conference Grounds DE Forward-looking GPR; subsurface imaging; ground clutter; detection; multi-aperture imaging ID SCATTERING AB We develop an image-domain target detector for forward-looking ground penetrating radar (FLGPR) applications. An FLGPR offers the advantage of standoff sensing for detecting ground targets, but the target responses are more vulnerable to interference scattering arising from interface roughness and subsurface clutter. The proposed detection scheme draws all inferences regarding target and clutter statistics from the data measurements. More specifically, it iteratively adapts to the target and clutter statistics of the FLGPR images. Both single-and multi-aperture radar configurations are considered and the detection performance of each configuration is evaluated using electromagnetic modeling data. C1 [Comite, Davide; Ahmad, Fauzia; Amin, Moeness G.] Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Dogaru, Traian] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Comite, D (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8576-3 PY 2015 BP 80 EP 84 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF2JA UT WOS:000380471900015 ER PT J AU Koppel, A Warnell, G Stump, E AF Koppel, Alec Warnell, Garrett Stump, Ethan BE Matthews, MB TI Task-Driven Dictionary Learning in Distributed Online Settings SO 2015 49TH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 08-11, 2015 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID SPARSE AB We consider task-driven dictionary learning in a decentralized dynamic setting. Here a network of agents while sequentially receiving local information aims to learn a common data-driven signal representation and model parameters. We formulate this problem as a distributed stochastic program with a non-convex objective and present a block variant of the Arrow-Hurwicz saddle point algorithm to solve it. Using Lagrange multipliers to penalize the discrepancy between them, only neighboring nodes exchange model information. We show that decisions made with this saddle point algorithm asymptotically converge to a stationarity condition in expectation under certain conditions. The learning rate depends on the signal source, network, and discriminative task. We illustrate the algorithm performance in an online multi-agent setting for a collaborative image classification task, demonstrating that the performance is comparable to the centralized case and depends on the network topology over which it is run. C1 [Koppel, Alec] Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, 200 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Warnell, Garrett; Stump, Ethan] US Army, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Koppel, A (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, 200 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM akoppel@seas.upenn.edu; aribeiro@seas.upenn.edu; ethan.a.stump2.civ@mail.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8576-3 PY 2015 BP 1114 EP 1118 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF2JA UT WOS:000380471900201 ER PT J AU He, H Subramanian, A Choi, S Varshney, PK Damarla, T AF He, Hao Subramanian, Arun Choi, Sora Varshney, Pramod K. Damarla, Thyagaraju BE Matthews, MB TI Social Media Data Assisted Inference with Application to Stock Prediction SO 2015 49TH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 49th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 08-11, 2015 CL Asilomar Hotel & Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc HO Asilomar Hotel & Conference Grounds AB The access to the massive amount of social media data provides a unique opportunity to the signal processing community for extracting information that can be used to infer about unfolding events. It is desirable to investigate the convergence of sensor networks and social media in facilitating the data-to-decision making process and study how the two systems can complement each other for enhanced situational awareness. In this paper, we propose a copula-based joint characterization of multiple dependent time series from sensors and social media. As a proof-of-concept, this model is applied to the fusion of Google Trends (GT) data and stock price data of Apple Inc. for prediction, where the stock data serves as a surrogate for sensor data. Superior prediction performance is demonstrated, by taking the non-linear dependence among social media data and sensor data into consideration. C1 [He, Hao; Subramanian, Arun; Choi, Sora; Varshney, Pramod K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Damarla, Thyagaraju] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP He, H (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8576-3 PY 2015 BP 1801 EP 1805 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF2JA UT WOS:000380471900322 ER PT S AU Tillinghast, RC Petersen, EA Rizzuto, S Dabiri, S Gonzalez, MC AF Tillinghast, Ralph C. Petersen, Edward A. Rizzuto, Samantha Dabiri, Shahram Gonzalez, Maria C. GP IEEE TI Utilizing Science and Engineering Professionals in the Classroom: How Your Workforce Can Positively Impact STEM and Your Company's Bottom Line SO 2015 5th IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC) SE Integrated STEM Education Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC) CY MAR 07-07, 2015 CL Princeton, NJ SP AT&T, Sci Cosmos, MathWorks, IEEE, IEEE Educ Soc DE Classroom; Education; Employee Satisfaction; Engineer; Mentor; Science; STEM; STEaM; Outreach; Picatinny Arsenal; Volunteering AB With the growing need to inspire young minds in STEM areas, Science and Engineering professionals along with their employers are working to identify the best possible method to accomplish just this. Currently, many approaches are being utilized, such as summer camp programs, in school visits, large STEM events and student mentoring programs. This paper takes a focused look at how placing Science and Engineering professionals in the classroom may be the most robust and cost effective approach for STEM outreach. This paper outlines methods, approaches, benefits found, results and lessons learned from in-school pilot programs related to this approach. Overall, this paper is intended to aid educators, Science and Engineering Professionals and their employers to broaden STEM and STEaM education. C1 [Tillinghast, Ralph C.] US Army, Armaments Res Dev Engn Ctr, Collaborat Innovat Lab, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [Petersen, Edward A.; Rizzuto, Samantha; Dabiri, Shahram; Gonzalez, Maria C.] US Army, Armaments Res Dev Engn Ctr, ARDEC STEM Off, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Tillinghast, RC (reprint author), US Army, Armaments Res Dev Engn Ctr, Collaborat Innovat Lab, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM ralph.c.tillinghast.civ@mail.mil; edward.a.petersen.ctr@mail.mil; sammyrizzuts@gmail.com; shahram.dabiri1.civ@mail.mil; maria.c.gonzalez1.ctr@mail.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-331X BN 978-1-4799-1829-4 J9 INTEGR STEM EDU CONF PY 2015 BP 171 EP 177 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BF3QN UT WOS:000380568400021 ER PT S AU Sheetz, L Dunham, V Cooper, J AF Sheetz, Lori Dunham, Veronica Cooper, Judith GP IEEE TI Professional Development for Network Science as a Multi-disciplinary Curriculum Tool SO 2015 5th IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC) SE Integrated STEM Education Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC) CY MAR 07-07, 2015 CL Princeton, NJ SP AT&T, Sci Cosmos, MathWorks, IEEE, IEEE Educ Soc DE Network Science; Professional Development; K-12 STEM AB To be successful in the 21st century, students must have a fundamental knowledge of complex networks which allows them to explore the interconnectedness of our world. Network science, a relatively new field of study, represents a fundamental shift away from reductionism to a more complex real world approach to problem solving which looks at interactions between components as well as the components themselves in a system. It is a tool that assists researchers and students to make connections needed to solve complex challenges and integrate abstract ideas. While this field has primarily engaged students at a graduate level, recently a growing number of new undergraduate courses have been offered and for a small number of high school students there have been opportunities to participate in research. However, initiatives have reached a relatively small number of students. In an effort to bring network thinking to more students, a professional development course was developed to introduce more teachers to network science and show how it can be utilized as a multi-disciplinary tool within their current curriculum C1 [Sheetz, Lori] US Mil Acad, Network Sci Ctr, Ctr Leadership & Divers STEM & Curriculum Develop, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Sheetz, Lori] US Mil Acad, Network Sci Ctr, Ctr Leadership & Divers STEM & Curriculum Develop, Strateg Plans & Initiat, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Dunham, Veronica] Newburgh Free Acad High Sch, New York, NY USA. [Cooper, Judith] Newburgh Free Acad High Sch, NBCT Sci AYA, Newburgh, NY USA. [Cooper, Judith] Marist Coll, Dept Sci, Poughkeepsie, NY USA. RP Sheetz, L (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Network Sci Ctr, Ctr Leadership & Divers STEM & Curriculum Develop, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA.; Sheetz, L (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Network Sci Ctr, Ctr Leadership & Divers STEM & Curriculum Develop, Strateg Plans & Initiat, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM lori.sheetz@usma.edu; vdunham@necsd.net; jcooper@necsd.net NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-331X BN 978-1-4799-1829-4 J9 INTEGR STEM EDU CONF PY 2015 BP 178 EP 182 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BF3QN UT WOS:000380568400022 ER PT S AU Smith, DM Leger, AS Severson, B AF Smith, Dylan M. Leger, Aaron St. Severson, Brian GP IEEE TI Automated Demand Response of Thermal Load with a Photovoltaic Source for Military Microgrids SO 2015 CLEMSON UNIVERSITY POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (PSC) SE Clemson University Power Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Clemson-University Power Systems (PSC) CY MAR 10-13, 2015 CL Clemson, SC SP Clemson Univ DE Energy management; Microgrids; Renewable energy sources; Temperature control; Thermal analysis AB Energy consumption by deployed United States Army troops has become an important issue. There is significant fiscal cost and risk of providing diesel fuel for generators due to precautions needed to defend fuel convoys. Photovoltaics can effectively reduce fuel requirements, but without battery storage introduce additional variability in demand due to their intermittent nature. A structurally insulated panel (SIP) housing prototype, or SIP-Hut, has been developed with the potential to greatly reduce thermal load compared to existing structures. This work investigates automated demand response of the SIP-Hut Environmental Control Unit (ECU), which leverages the increased elasticity of the SIP-Hut thermal demand, with a photovoltaic source. The objectives are to minimize the frequency of generator operation and mitigate variability of the intermittent PV source to reduce diesel fuel consumption. A detailed thermal model of the SIP-Hut is presented and validated, and simulation results of an ECU demand response controller are presented. C1 [Smith, Dylan M.; Leger, Aaron St.; Severson, Brian] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2469-8830 BN 978-1-4799-1951-2 J9 CLEM UNIV POWER SYST PY 2015 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering GA BF1QD UT WOS:000380427200043 ER PT S AU Jayarajah, K Yao, SC Mutharaju, R Misra, A De Mel, G Skipper, J Abdelzaher, T Kolodny, M AF Jayarajah, Kasthuri Yao, Shuochao Mutharaju, Raghava Misra, Archan De Mel, Geeth Skipper, Julie Abdelzaher, Tarek Kolodny, Michael GP IEEE TI Social Signal Processing for Real-time Situational Understanding: a Vision and Approach SO 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS) SE IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems CY OCT 19-22, 2015 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, IEEE COMP SOC, CPS AB The US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) have established a collaborative research enterprise referred to as the Situational Understanding Research Institute (SURI). The goal is to develop an information processing framework to help the military obtain real-time situational awareness of physical events by harnessing the combined power of multiple sensing sources to obtain insights about events and their evolution. It is envisioned that one could use such information to predict behaviors of groups, be they local transient groups (e.g., protests) or widespread, networked groups, and thus enable proactive prevention of nefarious activities. This paper presents a vision of how social media sources can be exploited in the above context to obtain insights about events, groups, and their evolution. C1 [Jayarajah, Kasthuri; Misra, Archan] Singapore Management Univ, Singapore 178902, Singapore. [Yao, Shuochao; Abdelzaher, Tarek] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Mutharaju, Raghava] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [De Mel, Geeth] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. [Skipper, Julie] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kolodny, Michael] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Jayarajah, K (reprint author), Singapore Management Univ, Singapore 178902, Singapore. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-6806 BN 978-1-4673-9101-6 J9 IEEE INT CONF MOB PY 2015 BP 627 EP 632 DI 10.1109/MASS.2015.89 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BF3JF UT WOS:000380548300095 ER PT S AU Hobbs, RL Dron, W AF Hobbs, Reginald L. Dron, Will GP IEEE TI Using Intelligent Agents for Social Sensing Across Disadvantaged Networks SO 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS) SE IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems CY OCT 19-22, 2015 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, IEEE COMP SOC, CPS DE intelligent agents; natural language processing; fuzzy logic; quality of information AB Users who retrieve information across disadvantaged networks need to do so in such a way as to minimize network performance impact while maximizing the usefulness and the quality of information (QOI) received. Taking advantage of features from all three network genres (telecommunication, information, and social) will enable this balancing act. Often, these users need to interact using unstructured, ad-hoc queries to decrease the cognitive overload of specialized training or the necessity of learning a constrained language. High QOI can be maintained if an intelligent agent on the network can use social sensing to capture the intent of the query and identify the implied task. Knowing the task will allow agents that service the requests to filter, summarize, or transcode data prior to responding, lessening the network footprint. This paper describes an approach that uses natural language processing (NLP) techniques, multi-valued logic based inferencing, network status checking, and task-relevant metrics for information retrieval. This research effort has resulted in: 1) an example-based NLP approach that can be used to capture intent from unstructured text, 2) a quality metric formed from intrinsic and extrinsic attributes of the objects and the tasks under consideration, and 3) a simple inferencing approach to allow intelligent agents to make quality assessments, delivering the appropriate form of the information that will lessen the impact on a disadvantaged network. C1 [Hobbs, Reginald L.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Dron, Will] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hobbs, RL (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM reginald.l.hobbs2.civ@mail.mil; wdron@bbn.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-6806 BN 978-1-4673-9101-6 J9 IEEE INT CONF MOB PY 2015 BP 633 EP 638 DI 10.1109/MASS.2015.96 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BF3JF UT WOS:000380548300096 ER PT J AU Mondesire, S Maxwell, D Stevens, J Leis, R AF Mondesire, Sean Maxwell, Douglas Stevens, Jonathan Leis, Rebecca GP IEEE TI Resource Allocation Predictive Modeling to Optimize Virtual World Simulator Performance SO 2015 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MACHINE LEARNING AND APPLICATIONS (ICMLA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 14th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications ICMLA CY DEC 09-11, 2015 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE, AML&A DE Vertical Scaling; Virtual World; Simulation-Based Training; Predictive Model; Distributed Simulation AB Virtual world simulation for military training is an emerging domain. As such, detailed analysis is required to optimize the performance the simulators. Unfortunately, due to a lack of extensive virtual world performance analysis, simulator administrators often make arbitrary resource allocations to support their environments and training scenarios. In this paper, we provide a lightweight predictive model that will be used in an automated, dynamic resource allocation system in the popular three-dimensional open-sourced virtual world simulator OpenSimulator. Prior to this investigation, only OpenSimulator developers and users with extensive experience with the platform could manually load balance the server resources based on anticipated usage. Now, with the proposed system and its predictive model, the simulator advances towards having an automated mechanism to determine the minimal critical resources that are required to support a target number of concurrent users in the virtual world. C1 [Mondesire, Sean; Maxwell, Douglas] US Army Res Lab, 3100 Technol Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Stevens, Jonathan; Leis, Rebecca] Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Mondesire, S (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 3100 Technol Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM sean@cs.ucf.edu; douglas.maxwell3.civ@mail.mil; jonathan.stevens@knights.ucf.edu; rleis@ist.ucf.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-5090-0287-0 PY 2015 BP 1215 EP 1219 DI 10.1109/ICMLA.2015.161 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BF2NR UT WOS:000380483600211 ER PT S AU Giridhar, P Abdelzaher, T George, J Kaplan, L AF Giridhar, Prasanna Abdelzaher, Tarek George, Jemin Kaplan, Lance GP IEEE TI Event Localization and Visualization in Social Networks SO 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS) SE IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) CY APR 26-MAY 01, 2015 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE AB Social networks such as Twitter carry important information on ongoing events and as such can be viewed as networks of sensors that monitor and report events in the physical world. An important problem in sensor network literature is that of localization. In the case of monitoring physical events, the localization problem refers to inferring event location from sensor data. In this demonstration, we present a tool that automatically identifies distinct physical events referred to in social network feeds (namely, Twitter feeds) and automatically localizes them. To do so, we designed an algorithm that identifies distinct event signatures in the blogosphere, clusters microblogs based on events they describe, and analyzes the resulting clusters for location information. This information is then translated using the Google Maps API for geo-location, offering a real-time view of ongoing events on a map. To evaluate this tool, we used road traffic related Twitter feeds from San Francisco area in California and corroborate automatic event localization within our service to manually obtained ground truth data. Results show a great correspondence between our automatically determined geo-locations and ground-truth. In the demo, users will be allowed to interact with this and other Twitter data, identify distinct physical events, and locate them in time and space on a map. C1 [Giridhar, Prasanna; Abdelzaher, Tarek] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [George, Jemin; Kaplan, Lance] Army Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Giridhar, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-4228 BN 978-1-4673-7131-5 J9 IEEE CONF COMPUT PY 2015 BP 35 EP 36 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF3OC UT WOS:000380561200023 ER PT J AU Ogworonjo, HC Anderson, JMM Nguyen, L AF Ogworonjo, Henry C. Anderson, John M. M. Nguyen, Lam GP IEEE TI A Parameter-Free MAP Image Reconstruction Algorithm for Impulse-Based UWB Ground Penetrating Radar SO 2015 IEEE GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL AND INFORMATION PROCESSING (GLOBALSIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP) CY DEC 13-16, 2015 CL Orlando, FL AB In this paper, we propose a parameter-free image reconstruction algorithm that is based on the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation method and so called "integrate-out" approach for determining the prior distribution. The resulting objective function is minimized using the majorize-minimize optimization technique. The proposed algorithm avoids the computational burden associated with using cross-validation methods for choosing the penalty parameter in the popular least absolute shrinkage and selector operator (LASSO) method. We tested the algorithm on synthetic data obtained from the U.S Army Research Laboratory (ARL) in Adelphi, MD. As compared to the image reconstructed using the delay-and-sum algorithm, the reconstructed images is more sparse, with suppressed side lobes and background noise. C1 [Ogworonjo, Henry C.; Anderson, John M. M.] Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Nguyen, Lam] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Ogworonjo, HC (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7591-4 PY 2015 BP 742 EP 746 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BF2LH UT WOS:000380477600152 ER PT S AU Melendez, S McGarry, MP Teller, PJ Bruno, D AF Melendez, Salvador McGarry, Michael P. Teller, Patricia J. Bruno, David GP IEEE TI Communication Patterns of Cloud Computing SO 2015 IEEE GLOBECOM WORKSHOPS (GC WKSHPS) SE IEEE Globecom Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps) CY DEC 06-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP QUALCOMM, KEYSIGHT TECHNOL, HUAWEI, NATL INSTRUMENTS, ViaSat, Intel, LG Elect, IEEE BigData, IEEE STAND ASSOC, MEDIATEK, River Publishers, fuseami, MathWorks, NSF, IEEE Access, ELSEVIER, CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, Springer, WILEY, Europaisches Patentamt European Patent Off Off Europeen Brevets, Nutaq, General Photonics, Oma, Atis, EvaNexus, Wimax, Canieti, One M2M, TIA DE Cloud computing; communication; thin-client; data center networking ID OPTICAL NETWORK; PACKET; CIRCUIT; INTERNET AB This paper surveys the literature to reveal the communication patterns associated with cloud computing. The literature includes a number of studies that although are not specific to cloud computing do provide insight into one class of communication for cloud computing: the communication between cloud clients (CCs) and cloud service provider (CSP) facilities. In addition, a few studies focus on the communication patterns within and among CSP facilities (i.e., data centers). Using this information, we: (1) develop a taxonomy of cloud computing communication, which includes client-CSP, intra-CSP, and inter-CSP facility communication; (2) discuss the communication patterns representative of the various categories in the taxonomy and communication techniques to accommodate those patterns; and (3) provide a road-map for future traffic studies. This paper makes it clear that there is much work that is required to attain a full understanding of the potentially unique nature of the communication patterns associated with cloud computing applications. C1 [Melendez, Salvador; McGarry, Michael P.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Teller, Patricia J.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Comp Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Bruno, David] US Army, Res Lab, Comp Architecture Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Melendez, S (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM smelendez5@miners.utep.edu; mpmcgarry@utep.edu; pteller@utep.edu; david.bruno@us.army.mil NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2166-0069 BN 978-1-4673-9526-7 J9 IEEE GLOBE WORK PY 2015 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF2DF UT WOS:000380457400139 ER PT J AU Roy, H Kase, S AF Roy, Heather Kase, Sue BE Zhou, L Kaati, L Mao, WJ Wang, GA TI The relation between microfinacing and corruption by country: An analysis of an open source dataset SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY INFORMATICS (ISI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics CY MAY 27-29, 2015 CL Baltimore,, MD SP IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Soc, Univ of Maryland, Baltimore County, College of Engn & Information Tech, Univ of Maryland, Baltimore County, Dept of Information Systems, Univ of Maryland, Baltimore County DE open source dataset; microfinancing; corruption AB Examining the relation between global microlending and corruption may inform how trust and influence propogate through crowds. Building this understanding may help U.S. Army intelligence officers leverage crowds for humanitarian efforts as well as, to detect signs of adversarial influence. A dataset was created combining open source data from Kiva, a non-profit microfinancing institution, and Transparency International, a global coalition against corruption that publishes an annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). The CPI was merged with Kiva microfinancing variables related to Kiva field partners. A preliminary analysis was conducted on a subset of the data in an effort to determine a near real-time microfinancing proxy for the CPI using the Kiva microfinancing data. Results suggest that when controlling for time on Kiva, the average loan size in dollars, delinquency rate, average loan size per GDP, and average time to fund loan all significantly predict CPI. C1 [Roy, Heather; Kase, Sue] US Army, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Roy, H (reprint author), US Army, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM heather.e.roy2.ctr@mail.mil; sue.e.kase.civ@mail.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-9889-0 PY 2015 BP 154 EP 156 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF2QL UT WOS:000380490500030 ER PT S AU Klein, J Gorton, I Ernst, N Donohoe, P Pham, K Matser, C AF Klein, John Gorton, Ian Ernst, Neil Donohoe, Patrick Pham, Kim Matser, Chrisjan BE Barbara, C Khan, L TI Application-Specific Evaluation of NoSQL Databases SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIG DATA - BIGDATA CONGRESS 2015 SE IEEE International Congress on Big Data LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Congress on Big Data CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2015 CL New York, NY SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Serv Comp, Serv Soc, Comp Cloud, Serv Comp, BIG Data, Hp, IBM, ERICSSON, SAP, IBM Res, HUAWEI, OMG Object Management Grp, IEEE Cloud Comp, Business Proc Integrat & Management, IT Profess, Intl Journal Web Serv Res, Comp Now Access Discover Engage, IEEE Transact Serv Comp DE NoSQL; distributed databases; technology evaluation AB The selection of a particular NoSQL database for use in a big data system imposes a specific distributed software architecture and data model, making the technology selection difficult to defer and expensive to change. This paper reports on the selection of a NoSQL database for use in an Electronic Healthcare Record system being developed by a large healthcare provider. We performed application-specific prototyping and measurement to identify NoSQL products that fit data model and query use cases, and meet performance requirements. We found that database throughput varied by a factor of 10, read operation latency varied by a factor of 5, and write latency by a factor of 4 (with the highest throughput product delivering the highest latency). We also found that the throughput for workloads using strong consistency was 10-25% lower than workloads using eventual consistency. We conclude by reflecting on some of the fundamental difficulties of performing detailed technical evaluations of NoSQL databases specifically, and big data systems in general, that have become apparent during our study. C1 [Klein, John; Gorton, Ian; Ernst, Neil; Donohoe, Patrick] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Software Engn, Architecture Practices, Software Solut Div, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Pham, Kim; Matser, Chrisjan] US Army Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Frederick, MD USA. RP Klein, J (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Software Engn, Architecture Practices, Software Solut Div, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM jklein@sei.cmu.edu; igorton@sei.cmu.edu; nernst@sei.cmu.edu; pd@sei.cmu.edu; kim.solutionsit@gmail.com; cmatser@codespinnerinc.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2379-7703 BN 978-1-4673-7278-7 J9 IEEE INT CONGR BIG PY 2015 BP 526 EP 534 DI 10.1109/BigDataCongress.2015.83 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1XS UT WOS:000380443700073 ER PT J AU Forsythe, EW Leever, B Gordon, M Vaia, R Morton, D Durstock, M Woods, R AF Forsythe, Eric W. Leever, Benjamin Gordon, Mark Vaia, Richard Morton, David Durstock, Michael Woods, Robert GP IEEE TI Flexible Electronics for Commercial and Defense Applications SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING (IEDM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) CY DEC 07-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC AB Two date, there has been a strong consensus that U.S. flexible electronics technology and manufacturing efforts have demonstrated the potential for significant US-based job creation in small businesses to Fortune-500 companies. These jobs will impact across product supply chains, from raw materials production to retail sales of new devices. Flexible electronics is enabling a technology base that has the opportunity for the next high-tech manufacturing job creation. Early silicon CMOS manufacturing created high paying manufacturing jobs in US fabrication lines. Today, many of these jobs are moving to foreign Countries. Flexible electronics manufacturing approaches open the opportunity for innovative, low-cost fabrication techniques combining traditional US-strengths in plate-to-plate semiconductor manufacturing with roll-to-roll printing. Such approaches will enable mid-size companies to enter into manufacturing thereby broadening the job creation within the US. These innovative approaches to achieve the low-cost and high volume products will enable a US manufacturing dominance in an emerging Global industry. Future flexible electronics commercial and Defense Department applications include; wearable and medical sensors, structural monitoring devices, medical sensors, soft robotics, Internet of Things, and integrated array antennas on structures. C1 [Forsythe, Eric W.; Morton, David] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Leever, Benjamin; Vaia, Richard; Durstock, Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gordon, Mark] Off Secretary Def, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Gordon, Mark] NCAT, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Woods, Robert] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Southern Pines, NC 28387 USA. RP Forsythe, EW (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM eric.w.forsythe.civ@mail.mil; benjamin.leever@us.af.mil; mark.gordon@ncat.com; richard.vaia@us.af.mil; david.c.morton10.civ@mail.mil; michael.durstock@us.af.mil; woodsro@soc.smil.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9894-7 PY 2015 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2JG UT WOS:000380472500125 ER PT J AU Wollocko, A Farry, M Voshell, M Jenkins, M Pellicano, M AF Wollocko, Arthur Farry, Michael Voshell, Martin Jenkins, Michael Pellicano, Michael GP IEEE TI Supporting Common Ground Across Multiple Operator Perspectives Creating Collaborative Solutions for Distributed Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination (PED) SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL MULTI-DISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE METHODS IN SITUATION AWARENESS AND DECISION SUPPORT (COGSIMA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA) CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL Orlando, FL DE collaboration; chat; ped; reachback; intelligence analysis; distributed analysis AB This paper describes how a Cognitive Systems Engineering approach was used to design a collaborative work system for the emerging distributed Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination (PED) enterprise. Working closely with domain practitioners and based on previously identified capability gaps, we designed a prototype system to address key cognitive and collaborative functions not supported in existing chat tools in use by the community. We then extended standard chat functionality with an Asynchronous, Multi-dimensional Chat Client to develop a set of interactive design seeds. The initial design seeds were based on providing: (1) real-time, on-topic contextual cues about collaborators' activities with regard to a shared intelligence picture; (2) automated information gathering assistance; and (3) enhanced functionality using easily developed, modular, external software extensions. Initial results based on feedback from operators are then discussed to shape future design iterations. We conclude that future PED tools based on these enhanced functionalities have significant potential to help personnel easily and effectively access, manage, and monitor multiple shared frames of reference with their analytical, consumer, and collector counterparts, establishing a common ground that is critical for emerging distributed intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) workflows. C1 [Wollocko, Arthur; Farry, Michael; Voshell, Martin; Jenkins, Michael] Charles River Analyt Inc, Cognit Syst, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pellicano, Michael] US Army, CERDEC, I2WD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Wollocko, A (reprint author), Charles River Analyt Inc, Cognit Syst, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM awollocko@cra.com; mfarry@cra.com; mvoshell@cra.com; mjenkins@cra.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8015-4 PY 2015 BP 82 EP 88 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1ZB UT WOS:000380447000013 ER PT J AU Schaefer, KE Cassenti, DN AF Schaefer, Kristin E. Cassenti, Daniel N. GP IEEE TI A Network Science Approach to Future Human-Robot Interaction SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL MULTI-DISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE METHODS IN SITUATION AWARENESS AND DECISION SUPPORT (COGSIMA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA) CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL Orlando, FL DE decision-making; human-robot interaction; network science; trust AB The vision for future Soldier-robot relationships has supported the transition of the robot's role from a tool to an integrated team member. This vision has provided support for the advancement of robot autonomy and intelligence as a means to better support action and cognitive decision-making in the network-centric operational environment. To accomplish this goal, the Soldier's perspective of the human-robot interaction must be further developed, as it directly impacts overall situation management: mission planning, operational roles, function allocation, and decision-making. Here we present a theoretical concept paper that promotes using the foundation of network science to better understand how and why advances in effective Soldier-robot situation management may be realized. We begin by providing a primer on how a network science approach may be used to understand multi-agent teams and network-centric operations. This is followed with a review on the impact of human perception on the human-robot team network structure. Two key points are highlighted. First, the network structure is influenced by the extent to which a Soldier-robot coupling performs independent operations. Second, the degree of automaticity for several properties of the robot specifies the strength of their networked relationship. We conclude with possible advantages of using a network science approach for understanding situation management of Soldier-robot teams in an operational environment. This approach provides a structure for creating visual maps of team structures to understand perceived and anticipated role interdependency, which thus provides the foundation for developing a mathematical description of the dynamic Soldier-robot relationship. C1 [Schaefer, Kristin E.; Cassenti, Daniel N.] US Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Schaefer, KE (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8015-4 PY 2015 BP 132 EP 136 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1ZB UT WOS:000380447000021 ER PT J AU Patton, D Marusich, L AF Patton, Debbie Marusich, Laura GP IEEE TI Simulated Network Effects on Tactical Operations on Decision Making SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL MULTI-DISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE METHODS IN SITUATION AWARENESS AND DECISION SUPPORT (COGSIMA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA) CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL Orlando, FL DE network science; cognition; performance; decision-making; big data; military AB As the U.S. military transitions to network-enabled operations, there is a need for systematic investigation into how human decision-making affects and is affected by the resulting rapid increase in communications and information flow [1]. The challenges associated with Big Data (volume, variety, velocity and veracity) become relevant for Soldier performance at the Mission Command and squad leader levels. Here we explore the relationship between two Big Data variables and human cognitive performance, particularly in the military domain. We conduct two experiments in which we manipulate the amount and rate (volume and velocity) of information presented to participants, and assess the participants' decision-making accuracy on different military-relevant tasks. The first experiment focuses on the squad leader and is conducted in ARL's Immersive Cognitive Readiness Simulator (ICoRS), which allows replication of the environment of a squad leader. The second experiment focuses on the role of a company commander and simulates the Mission Command environment. We present preliminary results from both phases of study and discuss future work in which participants in each phase of study interact with each other and cooperate to complete a task. C1 [Patton, Debbie; Marusich, Laura] Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Patton, D (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM Debra.j.patton4.civ@mail.mil; Laura.r.marusich.etr@mail.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8015-4 PY 2015 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1ZB UT WOS:000380447000024 ER PT J AU Zhong, C Yen, J Liu, P Erbacher, R Etoty, R Garneau, C AF Zhong, Chen Yen, John Liu, Peng Erbacher, Rob Etoty, Renee Garneau, Christopher GP IEEE TI ARSCA: A Computer Tool for Tracing the Cognitive Processes of Cyber-Attack Analysis SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL MULTI-DISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE METHODS IN SITUATION AWARENESS AND DECISION SUPPORT (COGSIMA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA) CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL Orlando, FL DE Cyber Situation Awareness; Cognitive Task Analysis; Tool ID TASK-ANALYSIS AB Efficiency and interference shielding are critical factors for conducting successful cognitive task analysis (CTA) of cyber-attack analysis. To achieve this goal, a tool, named ARSCA, is developed to work with an analyst during a cyber-attack analysis task and to capture the main elements in his/her cognitive process. ARSCA conducts process tracing in a way that reduces the study time and the workload needed for analysts and does not distract the analysts from executing their tasks. ARSCA has been tested in an experiment with a simulated cyber-attack analysis task. Thirteen professional analysts and seventeen doctoral students specializing in cyber security are recruited. We evaluate the captured traces and the participants' feedbacks on working with ARSCA. C1 [Zhong, Chen; Yen, John; Liu, Peng] Penn State Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Erbacher, Rob; Etoty, Renee; Garneau, Christopher] Army Res Lab, White Oak, MD USA. RP Zhong, C (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. EM czz111@ist.psu.edu; jyen@ist.psu.edu; pliu@ist.psu.edu; robert.f.erbacher.civ@mail.mil; renee.e.etoty.civ@mail.mil; christopher.j.garneau.civ@mail.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8015-4 PY 2015 BP 165 EP 171 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1ZB UT WOS:000380447000027 ER PT J AU Casini, E Depree, J Suri, N Bradshaw, JM Nieten, T AF Casini, Enrico Depree, Jessica Suri, Niranjan Bradshaw, Jeffrey M. Nieten, Teresa GP IEEE TI Enhancing Decision-Making by Leveraging Human Intervention in Large-Scale Sensor Networks SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL MULTI-DISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE METHODS IN SITUATION AWARENESS AND DECISION SUPPORT (COGSIMA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA) CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL Orlando, FL DE sensor data processing; sensor networks; human-machine teamwork; human-in-the-loop architectures; human-assisted architectures; data pipelines; decision-making; MapReduce; Hadoop AB Extensive deployment of sensor networks in recent years has led to the generation of large volumes of data. One approach to processing such large volumes of data is to rely on parallelized approaches based on architectures such as MapReduce. However, fully-automated processing without human intervention is error prone. Supporting human involvement in processing pipelines of data in a variety of contexts such as warfare, cyber security, threat monitoring, and malware analysis leads to improved decision-making. Although this kind of human-machine collaboration seems straightforward, involving a human operator into an automated processing pipeline presents some challenges. For example, due to the asynchronous nature of the human intervention, care must be taken to ensure that once a user-made correction or assertion is introduced, all necessary adjustment and reprocessing is performed. In addition, to make the best use of limited resources and processing capabilities, reprocessing of data in light of such corrections must be minimized. This paper introduces an innovative approach for human-machine integration in decision-making for large-scale sensor networks that rely on the popular Hadoop MapReduce framework. C1 [Casini, Enrico; Suri, Niranjan; Bradshaw, Jeffrey M.] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Pensacola, FL USA. [Depree, Jessica; Nieten, Teresa] Modus Operandi, Melbourne, FL USA. [Suri, Niranjan] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Casini, E (reprint author), Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Pensacola, FL USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8015-4 PY 2015 BP 200 EP 205 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1ZB UT WOS:000380447000032 ER PT J AU Hinojosa, M O'Brien, H Van Brunt, E Ogunniyi, A Scozzie, C AF Hinojosa, M. O'Brien, H. Van Brunt, E. Ogunniyi, A. Scozzie, C. GP IEEE TI SOLID-STATE MARX GENERATOR WITH 24 KV 4H-SIC IGBTS SO 2015 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE (PPC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Austin, TX AB This paper presents results on the utilization of newly developed 24-kV n-channel silicon carbide Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) for Marx generator circuits. These state-of-the-art devices were evaluated in a small-scale, four-stage voltage multiplication circuit for their possible use in multi-scale power modulators. The 24 kV IGBTs had a chip area of 0.81 cm(2) and were rated for 20 A. Their active area was 0.28 cm(2), with a drift region of 230 mu m, and a field-stop buffer of 2 mu m. To evaluate device performance, the Marx generator was operated in single pulse mode. The input voltage was varied from 1 kV to 8 kV to obtain output voltages of 4 kV and 32 kV, respectively. The Marx generator delivered 0.6 MW to a low-inductance resistive load of 1500 Omega. The silicon carbide IGBTs displayed promising results for possible use in pulsed-power applications. C1 [Hinojosa, M.; O'Brien, H.; Ogunniyi, A.; Scozzie, C.] Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Van Brunt, E.] Cree Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hinojosa, M (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM miguel.hinojosa4.civ@mail.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8403-9 PY 2015 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1SW UT WOS:000380434000196 ER PT J AU Jow, TR MacDougall, FW Ennis, JB Yang, XH Schneider, MA Scozzie, CJ White, JD MacDonald, JR Schalnat, MC Cooper, RA Yen, SPS AF Jow, T. R. MacDougall, F. W. Ennis, J. B. Yang, X. H. Schneider, M. A. Scozzie, C. J. White, J. D. MacDonald, J. R. Schalnat, M. C. Cooper, R. A. Yen, S. P. S. GP IEEE TI PULSED POWER CAPACITOR DEVELOPMENT AND OUTLOOK SO 2015 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE (PPC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Austin, TX AB Pulsed power capacitors are one of the key components the pulsed power systems for applications in mobile platforms including vehicles, ships and airplanes. The advances of capacitor technology have evolved slowly but steadily in the past 25 years. The energy density of large format millisecond discharge capacitors in >50 kJ sizes has been increased from 0.7 J/cc in the early 1990s to >2.4 J/cc in the 2010s with lifetimes over 10,000 shots. The energy density of microsecond discharge capacitors has been increased from 0.7 J/cc with a DC life less than 100 hours in early 1990s to 1.3 J/cc with a DC life of 2000 hours. The self-healing electrode has been the key to achieving higher energy density capacitors. The fault tolerance provided by these electrodes enables reliable operation near intrinsic breakdown strengths. In addition, the availability of higher quality and thinner biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film starting 2000s has contributed significantly by increasing the intrinsic breakdown strength of the films themselves. Coupled with design improvements, capacitors based on BOPP film have had significant, order-of-magnitude scale improvements in peak energy densities and peak power densities. The unfortunate consequence of this development is that these technologies have reached a point of diminishing returns, leading to significant efforts to develop new films to replace BOPP. We take this opportunity to review the advances and reflect what works so far to think about the future path. C1 [Jow, T. R.; Scozzie, C. J.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Ennis, J. B.] NWL Capacitors, Beach, FL 33404 USA. [Yang, X. H.] CSI Technol, Vista, CA 92081 USA. [Schneider, M. A.; MacDonald, J. R.; Schalnat, M. C.; Cooper, R. A.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. [White, J. D.] US Army TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. [Yen, S. P. S.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jow, TR (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM t.r.jow.civ@mail.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8403-9 PY 2015 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1SW UT WOS:000380434000185 ER PT J AU Lacouture, S Schrock, JA Ray, WB Hirsch, EA Bayne, S Giesselmann, M O'Brien, H Ogunniyi, A Scozzie, C AF Lacouture, S. Schrock, J. A. Ray, W. B. Hirsch, E. A. Bayne, S. Giesselmann, M. O'Brien, H. Ogunniyi, A. Scozzie, C. GP IEEE TI EXTRACTION OF SAFE OPERATING AREA AND LONG TERM RELIABILITY OF EXPERIMENTAL SILICON CARBIDE SUPER GATE TURN OFF THYRISTORS SO 2015 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE (PPC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Austin, TX AB While Silicon Carbide (SiC) based power switching elements are starting to appear that are able to perform better than their Si counterparts in terms of voltage hold off, current density and operating temperature, the material is still relatively new in the semiconductor arena, and although new device designs are simulated extensively before being committed to fabrication, there is often a large discrepancy between actual device performance and simulated results. Manufacturers certainly carry out some electrical testing of these quasi experimental components, but there is a dearth of information pertaining to Safe Operating Area (SOA) and device longevity. Texas Tech University's Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics, in cooperation with Army Research Lab, has carried out extensive long term, high - energy testing of SiC Super Gate Turn Off Thyristors (SGTOs) produced by Cree Inc. To conduct this extremely high volume testing at high energy levels, an automated test bed was designed that pulses the devices for an arbitrary number of cycles and alternately switches the device to a low energy characterization system, with all waveforms and current - voltage characteristics recorded. Approximately 350,000 high energy cycles on various SGTOs have been recorded. From this large database of results, actual SOA at high cycle count (>> 10,000 pulses) has been extracted for the devices. With each cycle's waveforms recorded, and the devices' characteristics traced at chosen intervals, several distinct changes in these parameters have been found to inevitably herald the imminent failure of a device. The most common change is in the gate - anode junction, where curve traces show a leaking, almost resistive behavior immediately before the junction becomes forward biased. As the system is completely automated, and limits can be set to halt a test sequence upon being broached, several devices have been brought to the brink of failure - an event that is usually catastrophic, physically destroying the device - to be examined by the manufacturer. C1 [Lacouture, S.; Schrock, J. A.; Ray, W. B.; Hirsch, E. A.; Bayne, S.; Giesselmann, M.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Pulsed Power & Power Elect, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [O'Brien, H.; Ogunniyi, A.; Scozzie, C.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Lacouture, S (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Pulsed Power & Power Elect, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM shelby.lacouture@ttu.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8403-9 PY 2015 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1SW UT WOS:000380434000091 ER PT J AU O'Brien, H Ogunniyi, A Shaheen, W Scozzie, CJ Temple, V AF O'Brien, H. Ogunniyi, A. Shaheen, W. Scozzie, C. J. Temple, V. GP IEEE TI DEVELOPMENT OF SIC MULTI-CHIP MODULE FOR PULSE SWITCHING AT 10 KV, 100 KA SO 2015 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE (PPC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Austin, TX AB The Army Research Laboratory collaborated with Silicon Power Corporation to package sixteen parallel 9 kV, 1.0 cm(2) silicon carbide (SiC) super gate turn-off thyristors (SGTOs) in a single 82 cm(3) module using Silicon Power's materials and techniques from silicon packaging. The peak current switched was 84 kA for a 43-mu s pulse width as measured at half-maximum. The rising slope calculated from 10-90% of the peak was 10 kA/mu s, and the action under the curve was 2.6 x 10(5) A(2)s. Results encouraged further development of larger-area devices with higher 15 kV blocking in order to fully utilize the package area and create a single-layer >10 kV pulse switch. Challenges in the development of this SiC SGTO module include optimizing SiC material uniformity and device yield, controlling turn-on of sixteen parallel devices, and maximizing high-voltage blocking of the complete package. C1 [O'Brien, H.; Ogunniyi, A.; Scozzie, C. J.] US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Shaheen, W.] Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD USA. [Temple, V.] Silicon Power Corp, Clifton Pk, NY USA. RP O'Brien, H (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8403-9 PY 2015 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1SW UT WOS:000380434000100 ER PT J AU Ogunniyi, AA O'Brien, HK Hinojosa, M Cheng, L Scozzie, CJ Pushpakaran, BN Lacouture, S Bayne, SB AF Ogunniyi, Aderinto A. O'Brien, Heather K. Hinojosa, Miguel Cheng, Lin Scozzie, Charles J. Pushpakaran, Bejoy N. Lacouture, Shelby Bayne, Stephen B. GP IEEE TI ANALYSIS OF CARRIER LIFETIME EFFECTS ON HV SIC PIN DIODES AT ELEVATED PULSED SWITCHING CONDITIONS SO 2015 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE (PPC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Austin, TX AB Future Army power systems will require utilizing high-power and high-voltage SiC devices in order to meet size, weight, volume, and high power density for fast switching requirements at both component and system levels. This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a high voltage (>12kV) silicon carbide PiN diode for high action pulsed power applications. A model of a high power PiN diode was developed in the Silvaco Atlas software to better understand the extreme electrical stresses in the power diode when subjected to a high-current pulse. The impact of carrier lifetime on pulsed switching performance of silicon carbide (SiC) PiN diode was investigated. C1 [Ogunniyi, Aderinto A.; O'Brien, Heather K.; Hinojosa, Miguel; Cheng, Lin; Scozzie, Charles J.] US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Pushpakaran, Bejoy N.; Lacouture, Shelby; Bayne, Stephen B.] Texas Tech Univ, P3E, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Ogunniyi, AA (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8403-9 PY 2015 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1SW UT WOS:000380434000105 ER PT J AU Pushpakaran, BN Bayne, SB Ogunniyi, AA AF Pushpakaran, Bejoy N. Bayne, Stephen B. Ogunniyi, Aderinto A. GP IEEE TI PHYSICS BASED ELECTRO-THERMAL TRANSIENT SIMULATION OF 4H-SiC JBS DIODE USING SILVACO ATLAS SO 2015 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE (PPC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Austin, TX AB The unique design of Silicon Carbide (SiC) Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) diode has proved its superiority over silicon in the field of high energy density pulsed power applications. JBS diode design enables the development of high blocking voltage silicon carbide rectifiers with low ON-state voltage drop, low leakage and negligible reverse recovery. In pulsed power applications, devices get driven above their rated current carrying capacity for a transient duration. Under this scenario, it becomes critical to have a thorough understanding of the electro-thermal behavior of the device under pulsed condition. This research focuses on the design and simulation of a 4H-SiC JBS diode structure in Silvaco ATLAS software under steady state and pulsed conditions. Physics based models were incorporated to account for drift diffusion process, mobility, impact ionization and lattice heating. The JBS diode was designed for a blocking voltage of 3.3 kV and an ON-state current density of 100 A/cm(2). A schottky barrier height of 1.1 eV was selected for the device. An array of interdigitated P+ regions with optimized separation was designed to shield the schottky interface from the high blocking electric field without affecting the ON state characteristics. The simulation results were used to analyze breakdown electric field distribution, forward current conduction path, switching performance and areas of localized lattice heating. The diode structure was simulated under pulsed condition pertaining to 500 A/cm(2) current density and the lattice temperature profile was analyzed to identify the formation of thermal hot spots in the device lattice and possible failure mechanism. The JBS diode structure was simulated for its reverse recovery at varying magnitudes of turn OFF di/dt for an ON-state current density of 100 A/cm(2). C1 [Pushpakaran, Bejoy N.] Texas Tech Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pushpakaran, BN (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM bejoy.pushpakaran@ttu.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8403-9 PY 2015 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1SW UT WOS:000380434000085 ER PT J AU Shkuratov, SI Baird, J Antipov, VG Talantsev, EF Stults, AH Altgilbers, LL AF Shkuratov, Sergey I. Baird, Jason Antipov, Vladimir G. Talantsev, Evgueni F. Stults, Allen H. Altgilbers, Larry L. GP IEEE TI HIGH VOLTAGE GENERATION WITH TRANSVERSELY SHOCK COMPRESSED FERROELECTRICS: THICKNESS DEPENDENT LAW FOR BREAKDOWN FIELD SO 2015 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE (PPC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Austin, TX ID INDUCED ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; THIN DIELECTRIC FILMS; WAVE DEPOLARIZATION; CERAMICS; STRENGTH AB Ability of ferroelectric materials to generate high voltage under shock compression is fundamental physical effect that makes possible to create miniature autonomous explosive-driven pulsed power systems. As the result of shock induced depolarization, an electric charge is released at the electrodes of the ferroelectric element and a high electric potential and a high electric field appears across the element. We performed systematic studies of electric breakdown field, E-b(d), as function of ferroelectric element thickness, d, for Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O-3 (PZT 95/5) and Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O-3 (PZT 52/48) ceramics compressed by transverse shock waves (shock front propagates across the polarization vector) and established a relationship between these two values: E-b(d) = const.d(-0.25). This law was found to be true in wide range of voltages from 4 to 150 kV and ferroelectric element thicknesses varied from 4.7 to 51 mm. This result makes it possible to predict the ferroelectric generator (FEG) output voltage and it forms the basis for design of ultrahigh voltage FEG systems. C1 [Shkuratov, Sergey I.; Baird, Jason; Antipov, Vladimir G.] Loki Inc, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Talantsev, Evgueni F.] Pulsed Power LLC, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. [Stults, Allen H.] US Army Aviat Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. [Altgilbers, Larry L.] US Army Space & Missile Def Command, Army Strateg Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Shkuratov, SI (reprint author), Loki Inc, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM shkuratov@lokiconsult.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8403-9 PY 2015 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1SW UT WOS:000380434000057 ER PT J AU Shkuratov, SI Baird, J Antipov, VG Talantsev, EF Ryul, HJ Valadez, JC Lynch, CS Stults, AH Altgilbers, LL AF Shkuratov, Sergey I. Baird, Jason Antipov, Vladimir G. Talantsev, Evgueni F. Ryul, Hwan Jo Valadez, Juan Carlos Lynch, Christopher S. Stults, Allen H. Altgilbers, Larry L. GP IEEE TI MECHANISMS OF DEPOLARIZATION OF Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O-3 AND Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O-3 FERROELECTRICS UNDER TRANSVERSE SHOCK COMPRESSION SO 2015 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE (PPC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Austin, TX ID PRIMARY POWER; GENERATOR AB Poled ferroelectrics are key components of autonomous explosive-driven pulsed power systems. Shock depolarization of ferroelectrics is a basic physical effect providing prime electrical power to autonomous systems. In this paper we report results of experimental studies of shock-induced and thermal-induced depolarization, and X-Ray diffraction of lead zirconate titanate ferroelectrics of two different compositions, PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT 52/48) and PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3 (PZT 95/5). Specimens were shock loaded perpendicular to the polarization vector. The experimental results indicate that the shock induced depolarization mechanisms are different for these two compositions. Thus, the shock-induced charge released by PZT 52/48 is less than half of its remnant polarization. PZT 52/48 is transformed to a state with lower polarization, while PZT 95/5 under the same loading conditions undergoes a phase transition to a non-polar antiferroelectric phase and completely depolarized as a result of this phase transition. C1 [Shkuratov, Sergey I.; Baird, Jason; Antipov, Vladimir G.] Loki Inc, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Talantsev, Evgueni F.] Pulsed Power LLC, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. [Ryul, Hwan Jo; Valadez, Juan Carlos; Lynch, Christopher S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Stults, Allen H.] US Army Aviat Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. [Altgilbers, Larry L.] US Army Space & Missile Def Command, Army Strateg Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Shkuratov, SI (reprint author), Loki Inc, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM shkuratov@lokiconsult.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8403-9 PY 2015 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1SW UT WOS:000380434000058 ER PT J AU Thomas, R Jow, TR Scozzie, CJ MacDonald, JR Schalnat, M Schneider, M AF Thomas, R. Jow, T. R. Scozzie, C. J. MacDonald, J. R. Schalnat, M. Schneider, M. GP IEEE TI Development of Metallized Polypropylene Capacitor Reliability in Pulse Power Systems SO 2015 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE (PPC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Austin, TX AB The advancement of the Army's electronic lethality and survivability programs requires energy dense capacitors that are capable of being discharged at a rate greater than 20 kA/mu s, and can sustain a voltage reversal of 20% of the rated charge voltage. The electrical and mechanical stresses of these requirements inherently cause capacitance loss during the discharge of the capacitor under test. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL), in conjunction with General Atomics (GA), has been working to develop state of the art metalized polypropylene (MPP) capacitors that can withstand the stresses of operating in pulse power systems. This paper will discuss the pulse power test results of various MPP capacitors developed by GA and evaluated by ARL with the goal of maintaining 90% capacitance after enduring 10 charge and discharge cycles where the discharge occurs within tens of microseconds and the peak currents exceed 100 kA. Over the past decade design advancements have been made that yield MPP capacitors with long DC life and high energy density but are also capable of discharge currents and rise times typically reserved for discrete foil capacitors. C1 [Thomas, R.; Jow, T. R.; Scozzie, C. J.] US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [MacDonald, J. R.; Schalnat, M.; Schneider, M.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. RP Thomas, R (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM Richard.l.thomas9.civ@mail.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8403-9 PY 2015 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1SW UT WOS:000380434000183 ER PT J AU Giridhar, P Wang, SG Abdelzaher, T George, J Kaplan, L Ganti, R AF Giridhar, Prasanna Wang, Shiguang Abdelzaher, Tarek George, Jemin Kaplan, Lance Ganti, Raghu GP IEEE TI Joint Localization of Events and Sources in Social Networks SO 2015 International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems DCoSS CY JUN 10-12, 2015 CL Fortaleza, BRAZIL SP CPS, IEEE computer soc AB Recent sensor network literature investigated the use of social networks as sensor networks, and formulated a physical event localization problem from social network data. This paper improves on the above results by formulating a joint localization problem of events and sources, leveraging the fact that sources on social networks often have a location affinity: They tend to comment more on events in their locations of interest. While social networks, such as Twitter, do not offer source location information for the majority of sources, we show that our algorithms for jointly inferring source and event location significantly improve localization quality by mutually enhancing location estimation of both events and sources. We evaluate the performance of our algorithm both in simulation and using Twitter data about current events. The results show that joint inference of source and event location allows us to localize many more of the events identified in real-world datasets. C1 [Giridhar, Prasanna; Wang, Shiguang; Abdelzaher, Tarek] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [George, Jemin; Kaplan, Lance] Army Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Ganti, Raghu] IBM Res, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. RP Giridhar, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8856-3 PY 2015 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1109/DCOSS.2015.14 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF3AE UT WOS:000380515100019 ER PT J AU Hu, SH Li, S Yao, SC Su, L Govindan, R Hobbs, R Abdelzaher, TF AF Hu, Shaohan Li, Shen Yao, Shuochao Su, Lu Govindan, Ramesh Hobbs, Reginald Abdelzaher, Tarek F. GP IEEE TI On Exploiting Logical Dependencies for Minimizing Additive Cost Metrics in Resource-Limited Crowdsensing SO 2015 International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems DCoSS CY JUN 10-12, 2015 CL Fortaleza, BRAZIL SP CPS, IEEE computer soc DE crowd sensing; logical dependency; resource limitation; cost optimization AB We develop data retrieval algorithms for crowdsensing applications that reduce the underlying network bandwidth consumption or any additive cost metric by exploiting logical dependencies among data items, while maintaining the level of service to the client applications. Crowdsensing applications refer to those where local measurements are performed by humans or devices in their possession for subsequent aggregation and sharing purposes. In this paper, we focus on resource-limited crowdsensing, such as disaster response and recovery scenarios. The key challenge in those scenarios is to cope with resource constraints. Unlike the traditional application design, where measurements are sent to a central aggregator, in resource limited scenarios, data will typically reside at the source until requested to prevent needless transmission. Many applications exhibit dependencies among data items. For example, parts of a city might tend to get flooded together because of a correlated low elevation, and some roads might become useless for evacuation if a bridge they lead to fails. Such dependencies can be encoded as logic expressions that obviate retrieval of some data items based on values of others. Our algorithm takes logical data dependencies into consideration such that application queries are answered at the central aggregation node, while network bandwidth usage is minimized. The algorithms consider multiple concurrent queries and accommodate retrieval latency constraints. Simulation results show that our algorithm outperforms several baselines by significant margins, maintaining the level of service perceived by applications in the presence of resource-constraints. C1 [Hu, Shaohan; Li, Shen; Yao, Shuochao; Abdelzaher, Tarek F.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Su, Lu] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Govindan, Ramesh] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Hobbs, Reginald] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Hu, SH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM shu17@illinois.edu; shenli3@illinois.edu; syao9@illinois.edu; lusu@buffalo.edu; ramesh@usc.edu; reginald.l.hobbs2.civ@mail.mil; zaher@illinois.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8856-3 PY 2015 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1109/DCOSS.2015.26 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF3AE UT WOS:000380515100020 ER PT S AU Ettisserry, DP Goldsman, N Akturk, A Lelis, AJ AF Ettisserry, D. P. Goldsman, N. Akturk, A. Lelis, A. J. GP IEEE TI Modeling of Oxygen-Vacancy Hole Trap Activation in 4H-SiC MOSFETs using Density Functional Theory and Rate Equation Analysis SO 2015 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD) SE International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD) CY SEP 09-11, 2015 CL Washington, DC SP COOLCAD Elect, IBM, Intel, Micron, Quantum Wise, Synopsys, Univ Maryland, IEEE DE oxygen vacancy; density functional theory; threshold voltage instability; Silicon Carbide; MOSFET reliability ID THRESHOLD-VOLTAGE INSTABILITY; SIC MOSFETS AB A plausible Density Functional Theory (DFT)-based Oxygen Vacancy (OV) hole trap activation model was recently proposed to explain the High Temperature-Gate Bias (HTGB) stress-induced additional threshold voltage instability in 4H-Silicon Carbide (4H-SiC) power MOSFETs. In this model, certain originally electrically 'inactive' OVs were shown to structurally transform over time to form switching oxide hole traps during HTGB stressing. Here, we use this model to perform transient simulation of the buildup of hole-trapped OVs in HTGB-stressed 4H-SiC power MOSFETs. This is shown to correlate well with the recently observed excessive worsening of threshold voltage instability in HTGB-stressed 4H-SiC power MOSFETs. This helps to validate the role of OVs in the degradation of high-temperature reliability of these devices. C1 [Ettisserry, D. P.; Goldsman, N.; Akturk, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lelis, A. J.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ettisserry, DP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM deva@umd.edu OI Ettisserry, Devanarayanan/0000-0002-4214-2141 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1946-1569 BN 978-1-4673-7860-4 J9 INT CONF SIM SEMI PR PY 2015 BP 48 EP 51 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BF3HB UT WOS:000380542400013 ER PT S AU Elder, RM Neupane, MR Chantawansri, TL AF Elder, Robert M. Neupane, Mahesh R. Chantawansri, Tanya L. GP IEEE TI Mechanical properties of homogeneous and heterogeneous layered 2D materials SO 2015 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD) SE International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD) CY SEP 09-11, 2015 CL Washington, DC SP COOLCAD Elect, IBM, Intel, Micron, Quantum Wise, Synopsys, Univ Maryland, IEEE DE mechanical properties; 2D materials; molecular dynamics simulation ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; MOS2; GRAPHENE; METALS AB Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) are 2D materials that are promising for flexible electronics and piezoelectric applications, but their low mechanical strength limits practical use. In this work, we study the mechanical properties of heterostructures containing MoS2 and graphene, another 2D material with exceptional mechanical properties, using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of nanoindentation. We consider bi-and tri-layer heterostructures where graphene either supports or encapsulates MoS2, and we compare to the monolayers and homogeneous bilayers. We extract mechanical properties (Young's modulus) from nanoindentation simulations. All of the heterostructures have larger Young's moduli than the mono- and bi-layer MoS2, demonstrating that graphene provides mechanical reinforcement regardless of layer stacking order. Our results demonstrate the potential of heterostructures to improve the mechanical properties of TMDC materials, which would increase their utility for device applications. C1 [Elder, Robert M.; Neupane, Mahesh R.; Chantawansri, Tanya L.] US Army Res Lab, Macromol Sci & Technol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Elder, RM (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Macromol Sci & Technol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM robert.elder26.ctr@mail.mil; mahesh.neupane.ctr@mail.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1946-1569 BN 978-1-4673-7860-4 J9 INT CONF SIM SEMI PR PY 2015 BP 471 EP 473 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BF3HB UT WOS:000380542400118 ER PT S AU Wang, P Henz, B AF Wang, Peng Henz, Brian BA Powell, S Ketseoglou, T Shim, JP Lokshina, I Mihovska, A BF Powell, S Ketseoglou, T Shim, JP Lokshina, I Mihovska, A GP IEEE TI Efficient Approaches to Resource Allocation in MIMO-based Wireless Mesh Networks SO 2015 Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS) SE Wireless Telecommunications Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS) CY APR 15-17, 2015 CL New York City, NY ID CHANNELS; CAPACITY; DUALITY AB Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communications have shown great promise in providing high spectral efficiency for wireless mesh networks. We have proposed CrossLayerMethod [1] to solve the resource allocation problem including joint routing, scheduling, and power control for MIMO-based mesh networks. However, the computation complexity is prohibitively expensive for networks with more than ten nodes. The goal of this work is to develop efficient approaches including ProtocolMethod, ProtocolWithActualMethod and SequentialMethod, to solve the resource allocation problem for moderate to large MIMO-based mesh networks. Among them, ProtocolWithActualMethod, a two-step approach, achieves the compromise of performance and computation complexity. The first step implements ProtocolMethod, which applies the iterative approach proposed in [2] to solve the problem without considering interference among MIMO links. The second step is to compute the actual throughput over the set of assignments found in first step. Large numbers of numerical experiments are used to show the performance of these methods. C1 [Wang, Peng; Henz, Brian] Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1934-5070 BN 978-1-4799-6776-6 J9 WIREL TELECOMM SYMP PY 2015 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF2YJ UT WOS:000380510000015 ER PT S AU Gueye, A Mell, P Harang, R La, RJ AF Gueye, Assane Mell, Peter Harang, Richard La, Richard J. BE Samarati, P TI Defensive Resource Allocations with Security Chokepoints in IPv6 Networks SO DATA AND APPLICATIONS SECURITY AND PRIVACY XXIX SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual IFIP WG 11.3 Working Conference (DBSec) CY JUL 13-15, 2015 CL Fairfax, VA DE Chokepoints; IPv6; Moving target; Vertex partitioning; Security ID ATTACK GRAPHS AB Securely configured Internet Protocol version 6 networks can be made resistant to network scanning, forcing attackers to propagate following existing benign communication paths. We exploit this attacker limitation in a defensive approach in which heightened security measures are deployed onto a select group of chokepoint hosts to enhance detection or deter penetration. Chokepoints are chosen such that, together, they connect small isolated clusters of the communication graph. Hence, attackers attempting to propagate are limited to a small set of targets or have to penetrate one or more chokepoints. Optimal placement of chokepoints requires solving an NP-hard problem and, hence, we approximate optimal solutions via a suite of heuristics. We test our algorithms on data from a large operational network and discover that heightened security measures are only needed on 0.65% of the nodes to restrict unimpeded attacker propagation to no more than 15% of the network. C1 [Gueye, Assane; La, Richard J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mell, Peter] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Harang, Richard] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Gueye, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM agueye@umd.edu; peter.mell@nist.gov; richard.e.harang.civ@mail.mil; hyongla@umd.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20810-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9149 BP 261 EP 276 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20810-7_19 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF3IU UT WOS:000380547200019 ER PT J AU Gandhi, S Oates, T Boedihardjo, AP Chen, C Lin, J Senin, P Frankenstein, S Wang, X AF Gandhi, Sunil Oates, Tim Boedihardjo, Arnold P. Chen, Crystal Lin, Jessica Senin, Pavel Frankenstein, Susan Wang, Xing GP ACM TI A Generative Model for Time Series Discretization Based on Multiple Normal Distributions SO PIKM'15: Proceedings of the 8th Ph.D. Workshop in Information and Knowledge Management LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Ph.D. Workshop in Information and Knowledge Management CY OCT 19, 2015 CL Melbourne, AUSTRIA SP ACM SIGIR, ACM SIGWEB, Special Interest Grp Information Retrieval DE Discretization; Time series; Classification AB Discretization is a crucial first step in several time series mining applications. Our research proposes a novel method to discretize time series data and develops a similarity score based on the discretized representation. The similarity score allows us to compare two time series sequences and enables us to perform pattern learning tasks such as clustering, classification, and anomaly detection. We propose a generative model for discretization based on multiple normal distributions and create an optimization technique to learn parameters of these normal distributions. To show the effectiveness of our approach, we perform comprehensive experiments in classifying datasets from the UCR time series repository. C1 [Gandhi, Sunil; Oates, Tim] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Boedihardjo, Arnold P.; Chen, Crystal; Frankenstein, Susan] US Army Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Lin, Jessica; Wang, Xing] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Senin, Pavel] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Gandhi, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM sunilga1@umbc.edu; oates@cs.umbc.edu; arnold.p.boedihardjo@usace.army.mil; crystal.chen@usace.army.mil; jessica@gmu.edu; senin@hawaii.edu; Susan.Frankenstein@erdc.dren.mil; xwang24@masonlive.gmu.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-3782-3 PY 2015 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1145/2809890.2809892 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF3YN UT WOS:000380606600004 ER PT B AU Crackel, TJ Rickey, VF Silverberg, JS AF Crackel, Theodore J. Rickey, V. Frederick Silverberg, Joel S. BE Zack, M Landry, E TI Reassembling Humpty Dumpty: Putting George Washington's Cyphering Manuscript Back Together Again SO Research in History and Philosophy of Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Mathematics (CSHPM) CY MAY, 2014 CL Brock Univ, Ontario, CANADA HO Brock Univ AB Soon after we began the study of George Washington's cyphering manuscript we realized that some of the pages were missing. To understand how this happened, we shall first discuss the provenance of the cyphering books. Then we present some "missing" pages that we have located, provide evidence that there are still more missing pages, and describe the detective work involved in situating these pages in the manuscript. C1 [Crackel, Theodore J.] Univ Virginia, Papers George Washington, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Rickey, V. Frederick] US Mil Acad, Math, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Silverberg, Joel S.] Roger Williams Univ, Math, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. RP Rickey, VF (reprint author), 11 Stately Oaks, Cornwall, NY 10996 USA. EM tcrackel2@gmail.com; fred.rickey@me.com; joel.silverberg@alumni.brown.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-22258-5; 978-3-319-22257-8 PY 2015 BP 79 EP 96 PG 18 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Mathematics SC History & Philosophy of Science; Mathematics GA BF4AY UT WOS:000380613300007 ER PT J AU Buller, MJ Welles, AP Stevens, M Leger, J Gribok, A Jenkins, OC Fried, KE Rumpler, W AF Buller, Mark J. Welles, Alexander P. Stevens, Michelle Leger, Jayme Gribok, Andrei Jenkins, Odest Chadwicke Fried, Karl E. Rumpler, William GP IEEE TI Automated Guidance from Physiological Sensing to Reduce Thermal-Work Strain Levels on a Novel Task SO 2015 IEEE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEARABLE AND IMPLANTABLE BODY SENSOR NETWORKS (BSN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 12th International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN) CY JUN 02-12, 2015 CL Cambridge, MA DE computational physiology; human performance enhancement; Markov Decision Process; MDP; physical performance; thermal strain; work limits; heart rate; core body temperature ID HEART-RATE; CORE TEMPERATURE; DEHYDRATION; ILLNESS AB This experiment demonstrated that automated pace guidance generated from real-time physiological monitoring allowed less stressful completion of a timed (60 minute limit) 5 mile treadmill exercise. An optimal pacing policy was estimated from a Markov decision process that balanced the goals of the movement task and the thermal-work strain safety constraints. The machine guided pace was based on current physiological strain index (PSI), the time, and the distance already completed. Fourteen healthy and fit young subjects participated in the study (9 men, 5 women). Each participated in an unguided exercise session followed by a guided one. In the unguided session, they were instructed to complete 5 miles in 60 minutes and to try to finish at the lowest body temperature possible; in the guided sessions, participants were instructed to match machine-provided pacing guidance provided every 2 minutes. Continuous real-time measures of heart rate and core body temperature were obtained from a wearable Hidalgo EquivitalTM EQ-02 and the MiniMitter Jonah thermometer pill. Of the fourteen subjects, 13 completed the 5 miles in one hour for the unguided session; at least three different self-pacing strategies were observed, with an alternating speed proving to be most effective. In the guided sessions, 6 subjects were stopped by the machine guidance for exceeding the algorithms PSI "safety" limit. Eight subjects were guided to complete the task with significantly lower PSIs. The results indicate that machine guided advice shows promise for preventing hyperthermia and improving outcomes for performers of an unfamiliar task. C1 [Buller, Mark J.; Welles, Alexander P.; Jenkins, Odest Chadwicke; Fried, Karl E.] US Army, Res Inst Environm Med Natick, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Natick, MA USA. [Stevens, Michelle; Leger, Jayme; Gribok, Andrei; Rumpler, William] USDA, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Buller, Mark J.] Brown Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Buller, MJ (reprint author), US Army, Res Inst Environm Med Natick, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Natick, MA USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7201-5 PY 2015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1OR UT WOS:000380423600005 ER PT J AU Williamson, JR Dumas, A Ciccarelli, G Hess, AR Telfer, BA Buller, MJ AF Williamson, James R. Dumas, Andrew Ciccarelli, Greg Hess, Austin R. Telfer, Brian A. Buller, Mark J. GP IEEE TI Estimating Load Carriage from a Body-worn Accelerometer SO 2015 IEEE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEARABLE AND IMPLANTABLE BODY SENSOR NETWORKS (BSN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 12th International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN) CY JUN 02-12, 2015 CL Cambridge, MA AB Heavy loads increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury for foot soldiers and first responders. Continuous monitoring of load carriage in the field has proven difficult. We propose an algorithm for estimating load from a single bodyworn accelerometer. The algorithm utilizes three different methods for characterizing torso movement dynamics, and maps the extracted dynamics features to load estimates using two machine learning multivariate regression techniques. The algorithm is applied, using leave-one-subject-out crossvalidation, to two field collections of soldiers and civilians walking with varying loads. Rapid, accurate estimates of load are obtained, demonstrating robustness to changes in equipment configuration, walking conditions, and walking speeds. On soldier data with loads ranging from 45 to 89 lbs, load estimates result in mean absolute error (MAE) of 6.64 lbs and correlation of r = 0.81. On combined soldier and civilian data, with loads ranging from 0 to 89 lbs, results are MAE = 9.57 lbs and r = 0.91. C1 [Williamson, James R.; Dumas, Andrew; Ciccarelli, Greg; Hess, Austin R.; Telfer, Brian A.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Buller, Mark J.] US Army, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Williamson, JR (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7201-5 PY 2015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1OR UT WOS:000380423600009 ER PT J AU Williamson, JR Dumas, A Hess, AR Patel, T Telfer, BA Buller, MJ AF Williamson, James R. Dumas, Andrew Hess, Austin R. Patel, Tejash Telfer, Brian A. Buller, Mark J. GP IEEE TI Detecting and Tracking Gait Asymmetries with Wearable Accelerometers SO 2015 IEEE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEARABLE AND IMPLANTABLE BODY SENSOR NETWORKS (BSN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 12th International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN) CY JUN 02-12, 2015 CL Cambridge, MA ID SYMMETRY; WALKING; TRUNK AB Gait asymmetry can be a useful indicator of a variety of medical and pathological conditions, including musculoskeletal injury (MSI), neurological damage associated with stroke or head trauma, and a variety of age-related disorders. Body-worn accelerometers can enable real-time monitoring and detection of changes in gait asymmetry, thereby informing medical conditions and triggering timely interventions. We propose a practical and robust algorithm for detecting gait asymmetry based on summary statistics extracted from accelerometers attached to each foot. By registering simultaneous acceleration differences between the two feet, these asymmetry features provide robustness to a variety of confounding factors, such as changes in walking speed and load carriage. Evaluating the algorithm on natural walking data with induced gait asymmetries, we demonstrate that the extracted features are sensitive to the sign and magnitude of gait asymmetries and enable the detection and tracking of asymmetries during continuous monitoring. C1 [Williamson, James R.; Dumas, Andrew; Hess, Austin R.; Patel, Tejash; Telfer, Brian A.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Buller, Mark J.] US Army, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Williamson, JR (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7201-5 PY 2015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1OR UT WOS:000380423600008 ER PT J AU Jakabosky, J Blunt, SD Martone, A AF Jakabosky, John Blunt, Shannon D. Martone, Anthony GP IEEE TI Incorporating Hopped Spectral Gaps Into Nonrecurrent Nonlinear FMCW Radar Emissions SO 2015 IEEE 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ADVANCES IN MULTI-SENSOR ADAPTIVE PROCESSING (CAMSAP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP) CY DEC 13-16, 2015 CL Cancun, MEXICO ID WAVE-FORMS AB The time-varying landscape of spectral congestion is driving the investigation into new forms of "spectrally aware" radar emissions based on passive sensing of the environment. The recent Pseudo-Random Optimized FMCW (PRO-FMCW) framework, which can be viewed as an instantiation of FM noise radar, generates a nonlinear FMCW waveform that does not repeat and is designed using spectrally shaped optimization to improve range sidelobe and spectral containment. Here, these concepts are combined to generate time-varying spectral gaps within the PRO-FMCW waveform to avoid in-band interference. The impact on radar range sidelobe performance is considered with regard to both static and time-varying spectral gaps. C1 [Jakabosky, John; Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Martone, Anthony] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Jakabosky, J (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1963-5 PY 2015 BP 281 EP 284 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2JO UT WOS:000380473300075 ER PT S AU Short, N Hu, SW Gurram, P Gurton, K AF Short, Nathaniel Hu, Shuowen Gurram, Prudhvi Gurton, Kristan GP IEEE TI Exploiting polarization-state information for cross-spectrum face recognition SO 2015 IEEE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMETRICS THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (BTAS 2015) SE International Conference on Biometrics Theory Applications and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 7th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS) CY SEP 08-11, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE AB Face recognition research has primarily focused on the visible spectrum, due to the prevalence and low cost of visible cameras. However, face recognition in the visible spectrum is sensitive to illumination variations, and is infeasible in low-light or nighttime settings. In contrast, thermal imaging acquires naturally emitted radiation from facial skin tissue, and is therefore ideal for nighttime surveillance and intelligence gathering operations. However, conventional thermal face imagery lacks textural and geometrics details that are present in visible spectrum face signatures. In this work, we further explore the impact of polarimetric imaging in the LWIR spectrum for face recognition. Polarization-state information provides textural and geometric facial details unavailable with conventional thermal imaging. Since the frequency content of the conventional thermal, polarimetric thermal, and visible images is quite different, we propose a spatial correlation based procedure to optimize the filtering of polarimetric thermal and visible face images to further facilitate cross-spectrum face recognition. Additionally, we use a more extensive gallery database to more robustly demonstrate an improvement in the performance of cross-spectrum face recognition using polarimetric thermal imaging. C1 [Short, Nathaniel; Hu, Shuowen; Gurram, Prudhvi; Gurton, Kristan] US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Adill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Short, Nathaniel] Booz Allen Hamilton, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Gurram, Prudhvi] MBO Partners, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Short, N (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Adill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2474-9680 BN 978-1-4799-8777-1 J9 INT CONF BIOMETR THE PY 2015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF1QK UT WOS:000380427900014 ER PT J AU Graves, E Wong, TF AF Graves, Eric Wong, Tan F. GP IEEE TI Information integrity between correlated sources through Wyner-Ziv coding SO 2015 IEEE INFORMATION THEORY WORKSHOP - FALL (ITW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Theory Workshop CY OCT 11-15, 2015 CL Jeju, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Informat Technol Soc DE Information integrity; lossy source coding with side-information; Wyner-Ziv coding ID UNAUTHENTICATED PUBLIC CHANNELS; SECRET-KEY AGREEMENT AB In this paper, the problem of achieving information integrity in the classical Wyner-Ziv lossy source coding model is considered. A discrete memoryless source encodes its source sequence using the standard Wyner-Ziv coding technique and forwards the bin index to another source that employs the bin index and its own correlated sequence to decode the first source's sequence. There is an adversary who may arbitrarily modify the bin index sent to the decoder. It is assumed the adversary may base the attack on the true bin index, its own sequence (which may be correlated to both the encoder and decoder sequences) as well as the known codebook used by the sources. It is shown that a non-simulatability condition on the joint source distribution is necessary and sufficient to achieve information integrity. However, the additional requirement of information integrity may incur a penalty on the rate-distortion performance. C1 [Graves, Eric] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Wong, Tan F.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Graves, E (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ericsgraves@gmail.com; twong@ufl.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7852-9 PY 2015 BP 332 EP 336 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1LG UT WOS:000380406900069 ER PT J AU Wu, T Gurram, P Rao, RM Bajwa, WU AF Wu, Tong Gurram, Prudhvi Rao, Raghuveer M. Bajwa, Waheed U. GP IEEE TI Hierarchical Union-of-Subspaces Model for Human Activity Summarization SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOP (ICCVW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops CY DEC 11-18, 2015 CL santigo, CHILE SP CPS, IEEE Comp Soc, amazon, Microsoft, SENSETIME, Baidu, intel, facebook, Adobe, Panasonic, Google, OMRON, blippar, iRobot, HISCENE, nVIDIA, Viscqvery, AiCUre, M/Tec ID RECOGNITION; ALGORITHM; DISTANCE AB A hierarchical union-of-subspaces model is proposed for performing semi-supervised human activity summarization in large streams of video data. The union of low-dimensional subspaces model is used to learn meaningful action attributes from a collection of high-dimensional video sequences of human activities. An approach called hierarchical sparse subspace clustering (HSSC) is developed to learn this model from the data in an unsupervised manner by capturing the variations or movements of each action in different subspaces, which allow the human actions to be represented as sequences of transitions from one subspace to another. These transition sequences can be used for human action recognition. The action attributes can also be represented at multiple resolutions using the subspaces at different levels of the hierarchical structure. By visualizing and labeling these action attributes, the hierarchical model can be used to semantically summarize long video sequences of human actions at different scales. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated through experiments on three real-world human action datasets for action recognition and semantic summarization of the actions using different resolutions of the action attributes. C1 [Wu, Tong; Bajwa, Waheed U.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Gurram, Prudhvi; Rao, Raghuveer M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wu, T (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-5720-5 PY 2015 BP 1053 EP 1061 DI 10.1109/ICCVW.2015.138 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1TD UT WOS:000380434700128 ER PT J AU Thissell, WR Czajkowski, R Schrenk, F Selway, T Ries, AJ Patel, S McDermott, PL Moten, R Rudnicki, R Seetharaman, G Ersoy, I Palaniappan, K AF Thissell, William R. Czajkowski, Robert Schrenk, Frank Selway, Timothy Ries, Anthony J. Patel, Shamoli McDermott, Patricia L. Moten, Rod Rudnicki, Ron Seetharaman, Guna Ersoy, Ilker Palaniappan, Kannappan GP IEEE TI A Scalable Architecture for Operational FMV Exploitation SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOP (ICCVW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops CY DEC 11-18, 2015 CL santigo, CHILE SP CPS, IEEE Comp Soc, amazon, Microsoft, SENSETIME, Baidu, intel, facebook, Adobe, Panasonic, Google, OMRON, blippar, iRobot, HISCENE, nVIDIA, Viscqvery, AiCUre, M/Tec ID EEG AB A scalable open systems and standards derived software ecosystem is described for computer vision analytics (CVA) assisted exploitation of full motion video (FMV). The ecosystem, referred to as the Advanced Video Activity Analytics (AVAA), has two instantiations, one for size, weight, and power (SWAP) constrained conditions, and the other for large to massive cloud based configurations. The architecture is designed to meet operational analyst requirements to increase their productivity and accuracy for exploiting FMV using local cluster or scalable cloud-based computing resources. CVAs are encapsulated within a software plug-in architecture and FMV processing pipelines are constructed by combining these plug-ins to accomplish analytical tasks and manage provenance of processing history. An example pipeline for real-time motion detection and moving object characterization using the flux tensor approach is presented. An example video ingest experiment is described. Quantitative and qualitative methods for human factors engineering (HFE) assessment to evaluate cognitive loads for alternative work flow design choices are discussed. This HFE process is used for validating that an AVAA system instantiation with candidate workflow pipelines meets CVA assisted FMV exploitation operational goals for specific analyst workflows. AVAA offers a new framework for video understanding at scale for large enterprise applications in the government and commercial sectors. C1 [Thissell, William R.; Schrenk, Frank; Selway, Timothy] Chenega Tech Innovat, Lorton, VA 22079 USA. [Czajkowski, Robert] US Army Intelligence & Informat Warfare Directora, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Ries, Anthony J.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [McDermott, Patricia L.] Alion Sci & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Moten, Rod] DataNova Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Rudnicki, Ron] CUBRC Inc, Buffalo, NY USA. [Seetharaman, Guna] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ersoy, Ilker; Palaniappan, Kannappan] Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO USA. RP Thissell, WR (reprint author), Chenega Tech Innovat, Lorton, VA 22079 USA. EM william.thissell@chenegati.com; mail@shamoli.org RI Ersoy, Ilker/N-2116-2016 OI Ersoy, Ilker/0000-0003-2650-4496 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-5720-5 PY 2015 BP 1062 EP 1070 DI 10.1109/ICCVW.2015.139 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1TD UT WOS:000380434700129 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, M Edwards, J Kwon, H La Porta, TF AF Mukherjee, Manisha Edwards, James Kwon, Heesung La Porta, Thomas F. GP IEEE TI Quality of Information-aware Real-time Traffic Flow Analysis and Reporting SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION WORKSHOPS (PERCOM WORKSHOPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops PerCom Workshops CY MAR 23-27, 2015 CL St Louis, MO AB In this paper we present a framework for Quality of Information (QoI)-aware networking. QoI quantifies how useful a piece of information is for a given query or application. Herein, we present a general QoI model, as well as a specific example instantiation that carries throughout the rest of the paper. In this model, we focus on the tradeoffs between precision and accuracy. As a motivating example, we look at traffic video analysis. We present simple algorithms for deriving various traffic metrics from video, such as vehicle count and average speed. We implement these algorithms both on a desktop workstation and less-capable mobile device. We then show how QoI-awareness enables end devices to make intelligent decisions about how to process queries and form responses, such that huge bandwidth savings are realized. C1 [Mukherjee, Manisha; Edwards, James; La Porta, Thomas F.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kwon, Heesung] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Mukherjee, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8425-1 PY 2015 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BF2YR UT WOS:000380510900013 ER PT J AU Giridhar, P Abdelzaher, T George, J Kaplan, L AF Giridhar, Prasanna Abdelzaher, Tarek George, Jemin Kaplan, Lance GP IEEE TI On Quality of Event Localization from Social Network Feeds SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION WORKSHOPS (PERCOM WORKSHOPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops PerCom Workshops CY MAR 23-27, 2015 CL St Louis, MO AB Social networks, such as Twitter, carry important information on ongoing events and as such can be viewed as networks of sensors that monitor and report events in the physical world. In this paper, we concern ourselves with the challenge of event localization from Twitter feeds. We explore the quality of information that can be derived either directly or indirectly from microblog entries regarding locations of ongoing events. Contrary to prior work that used Twitter to map regions of large-footprint events, or derived coarse-grained location information, in this paper, we are interested in point-events, such as building fires or car accidents, and aim to pin-point them down to a street address. An algorithm is presented that identifies distinct event signatures in the blogosphere, clusters microblogs based on events they describe, and analyzes the resulting clusters for fine-grained location indicators. An exact event location is then derived by fusing these indicators. To evaluate the quality of derived location information, we use road-traffic-related Twitter feeds from 3 major cities in California and compare automatic event localization within our service to manually obtained ground truth data. Results show a great correspondence between our automatically determined locations and ground-truth. C1 [Giridhar, Prasanna; Abdelzaher, Tarek] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [George, Jemin; Kaplan, Lance] Army Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Giridhar, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8425-1 PY 2015 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BF2YR UT WOS:000380510900014 ER PT J AU Wood, KN Harang, RE AF Wood, Kerry N. Harang, Richard E. GP IEEE TI Grammatical Inference and Language Frameworks for LANGSEC SO 2015 IEEE SECURITY AND PRIVACY WORKSHOPS (SPW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops (SPW) CY MAY 21-21, 2015 CL San Jose, CA SP CPS, IEE DE grammatical inference; LANGSEC; language identification; pattern language; elementary formal system (EFS) ID ELEMENTARY FORMAL SYSTEMS; POSITIVE DATA; INDUCTIVE INFERENCE; PATTERN LANGUAGES; LEARNABILITY AB Formal Language Theory for Security (LANGSEC) has proposed that formal language theory and grammars be used to define and secure protocols and parsers. The assumption is that by restricting languages to lower levels of the Chomsky hierarchy, it is easier to control and verify parser code. In this paper, we investigate an alternative approach to inferring grammars via pattern languages and elementary formal system frameworks. We summarize inferability results for subclasses of both frameworks and discuss how they map to the Chomsky hierarchy. Finally, we present initial results of pattern language learning on logged HTTP sessions and suggest future areas of research. C1 [Wood, Kerry N.; Harang, Richard E.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wood, KN (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM kerry.n.wood.ctr@mail.mil; richard.e.harang.civ@mail.mil NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-9933-0 PY 2015 BP 88 EP 98 DI 10.1109/SPW.2015.17 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2ZW UT WOS:000380514300011 ER PT J AU Petullo, WM Suh, J AF Petullo, W. Michael Suh, Joseph GP IEEE TI On the Generality and Convenience of Etypes SO 2015 IEEE SECURITY AND PRIVACY WORKSHOPS (SPW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops (SPW) CY MAY 21-21, 2015 CL San Jose, CA SP CPS, IEE DE operating systems; type systems; formal languages; recognizers AB The Ethos operating system provides a number of features which aid programmers as they craft robust computer programs. One such feature of Ethos is its distributed, mandatory type system-Etypes. Etypes provides three key properties: (1) every Ethos object (e.g., a file or network connection) has a declared type, (2) Ethos forbids programs from writing ill-formed data to an object, and (3) Ethos forbids programs from reading ill-formed data from an object. In any case, programmers declare ahead of time the permitted data types, and Ethos' application of operating-system-level recognition simplifies their programs. This paper first investigates the generality of Etypes. Toward this end, we describe how to convert a grammar in Chomsky normal form into an Ethos type capable of expressing exactly the set of syntax trees which are valid vis-a-vis the grammar. Next, the paper addresses the convenience of Etypes. If Etypes does not make it easier to craft programs, then programmers will avoid the facilities it provides, for example by declaring string types which in fact serve to encode other types (here Etypes would check the string but not the encoded type). Finally, we present a sample distributed program for Ethos which makes use of the techniques we describe. C1 [Petullo, W. Michael; Suh, Joseph] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Petullo, WM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM mike@flyn.org; joseph.suh@usma.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-9933-0 PY 2015 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1109/SPW.2015.16 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2ZW UT WOS:000380514300014 ER PT J AU Wang, S Urgaonkar, R Zafer, M He, T Chan, K Leung, KK AF Wang, Shiqiang Urgaonkar, Rahul Zafer, Murtaza He, Ting Chan, Kevin Leung, Kin K. BE Kacimi, R Mammeri, Z TI Dynamic Service Migration in Mobile Edge-Clouds SO 2015 IFIP NETWORKING CONFERENCE (IFIP NETWORKING) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IFIP Networking Conference IFIP Networking CY MAY 20-22, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP Ifip, IEEE Comp Soc, IRIT, Univ Toulouse 3, INP Toulouse DE Cloud technologies; edge computing; Markov decision process (MDP); mobility; optimization; wireless networks AB (\)We study the dynamic service migration problem in mobile edge-clouds that host cloud-based services at the network edge. This offers the benefits of reduction in network overhead and latency but requires service migrations as user locations change over time. It is challenging to make these decisions in an optimal manner because of the uncertainty in node mobility as well as possible non-linearity of the migration and transmission costs. In this paper, we formulate a sequential decision making problem for service migration using the framework of Markov Decision Process (MDP). Our formulation captures general cost models and provides a mathematical framework to design optimal service migration policies. In order to overcome the complexity associated with computing the optimal policy, we approximate the underlying state space by the distance between the user and service locations. We show that the resulting MDP is exact for uniform one-dimensional mobility while it provides a close approximation for uniform two-dimensional mobility with a constant additive error term. We also propose a new algorithm and a numerical technique for computing the optimal solution which is significantly faster in computation than traditional methods based on value or policy iteration. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach by simulation using real-world mobility traces of taxis in San Francisco. C1 [Wang, Shiqiang; Leung, Kin K.] Imperial Coll London, London, England. [Urgaonkar, Rahul] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. [Zafer, Murtaza] Nyansa Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Chan, Kevin] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Wang, S (reprint author), Imperial Coll London, London, England. EM shiqiang.wang11@imperial.ac.uk; rurgaon@us.ibm.com; murtaza.zafer.us@ieee.org; the@us.ibm.com; kevin.s.chan.civ@mail.mil; kin.leung@imperial.ac.uk NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-3-901882-68-5 PY 2015 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BF3GH UT WOS:000380540300026 ER PT J AU Bedair, SS Pulskamp, JS Polcawich, RG Rudy, RQ Puder, J AF Bedair, S. S. Pulskamp, J. S. Polcawich, R. G. Rudy, R. Q. Puder, J. GP IEEE TI THIN-FILM PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSFORMERS OPERATING IN HARMONICS OF OUT-OF-PLANE FLEXURE MODES SO 2015 TRANSDUCERS - 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE SENSORS, ACTUATORS AND MICROSYSTEMS (TRANSDUCERS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS) CY JUN 21-25, 2015 CL Anchorage, AK SP TRF, IEEE, Elect Devices Soc DE MEMS piezoelectric transformers; chip-scale power supplies; PZT-MEMS resonant transformers; RF sensors AB This paper documents disc-shaped flexure-mode piezoelectric transformers constructed with 0.5 mu m lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) on 4-mu m silicon resonators. The transformers are electrode shaped to excite out-of-plane flexure modes at similar to 12, similar to 34, and similar to 63 MHz. The incorporation of silicon enables the excitation of out-of-plane flexural modes which exploit large quasi-static material coupling factors (using both e(31) and e(32)). Transformer efficiencies >50% with similar to 5X open-circuit voltage gains are predicted. Experimental transformer figures of merit equivalent to previously-reported extensional modes [1] are demonstrated with 3X-13X size reductions. Electromechanical coupling factors, k(eff)(2), of 3.4% exceed those measured for extensional modes (with 4 mu m silicon) by similar to 3.5X. C1 [Bedair, S. S.; Pulskamp, J. S.; Polcawich, R. G.; Rudy, R. Q.; Puder, J.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Bedair, SS (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM sarah.s.bedair.civ@mail.mil NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8955-3 PY 2015 BP 714 EP 717 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BF2EU UT WOS:000380461400178 ER PT J AU Tellers, MC Pulskamp, JS Bedair, SS Rudy, RQ Kierzewski, IM Polcawich, RG Bergbreiter, SE AF Tellers, Mary C. Pulskamp, Jeffrey S. Bedair, Sarah S. Rudy, Ryan Q. Kierzewski, Iain M. Polcawich, Ronald G. Bergbreiter, Sarah E. GP IEEE TI PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR ARRAY FOR MOTION-ENABLED RECONFIGURABLE RF CIRCUITS SO 2015 TRANSDUCERS - 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE SENSORS, ACTUATORS AND MICROSYSTEMS (TRANSDUCERS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS) CY JUN 21-25, 2015 CL Anchorage, AK SP TRF, IEEE, Elect Devices Soc DE Micromanipulation; piezoelectric actuators; reconfigurable circuits; MEMS conveyance AB This paper reports on the translation and rotation capabilities of arrays of piezoelectrically actuated MEMS cantilevers developed for a motion-enabled reconfigurable radio frequency (RF) circuit micro-factory, known as RFactory. The reported actuator surface demonstrates 2.4 to 100 times faster translational speeds than similar devices, depending on the actuation technology used for comparison. The array was driven with different waveforms, voltages, and frequencies to characterize the quality of motion of a silicon chip placed on the array. It has demonstrated instantaneous velocities of 20 mm/s, maximum average velocities of 3.5 mm/s, and rotational speeds of 31.9 rpm at sub-10 V actuation and less than 2% off-axis translational deviation. The effort has identified significant operational and design variables using the first dynamic contact model developed for micromanipulation surfaces. C1 [Tellers, Mary C.; Pulskamp, Jeffrey S.; Bedair, Sarah S.; Rudy, Ryan Q.; Kierzewski, Iain M.; Polcawich, Ronald G.] Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Tellers, Mary C.; Bergbreiter, Sarah E.] Univ Maryland, Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pulskamp, JS (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jeffrey.s.pulskamp.civ@mail.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8955-3 PY 2015 BP 819 EP 822 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BF2EU UT WOS:000380461400204 ER PT J AU Rudy, RQ Sanchez, LM Tellers, M Polcawich, RG AF Rudy, R. Q. Sanchez, L. M. Tellers, M. Polcawich, R. G. GP IEEE TI ACCELERATED LIFETIME AND RELIABILITY TESTING OF LARGE-DEFLECTION PIEZOELECTRIC MICROSYSTEMS SO 2015 TRANSDUCERS - 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE SENSORS, ACTUATORS AND MICROSYSTEMS (TRANSDUCERS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS) CY JUN 21-25, 2015 CL Anchorage, AK SP TRF, IEEE, Elect Devices Soc DE Piezoelectric; lifetime; MEMS; reliability AB This paper reports, for the first time, accelerated lifetime testing and reliability of large displacement piezoelectric micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) over trillions of cycles. Electrical, mechanical, and piezoelectric properties of cantilevers have been monitored over time and the surface topology has been observed through scanning electron microscopy. C1 [Rudy, R. Q.; Sanchez, L. M.; Tellers, M.; Polcawich, R. G.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Tellers, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. RP Rudy, RQ (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM ryan.q.rudy.civ@mail.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8955-3 PY 2015 BP 1315 EP 1317 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BF2EU UT WOS:000380461400327 ER PT J AU Puder, JM Bedair, SS Pulskamp, JS Rudy, RQ Polcawich, RG Bhave, SA AF Puder, J. M. Bedair, S. S. Pulskamp, J. S. Rudy, R. Q. Polcawich, R. G. Bhave, S. A. GP IEEE TI HIGHER DIMENSIONAL FLEXURE MODE FOR ENHANCED EFFECTIVE ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING IN PZT-ON-SILICON MEMS RESONATORS SO 2015 TRANSDUCERS - 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE SENSORS, ACTUATORS AND MICROSYSTEMS (TRANSDUCERS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS) CY JUN 21-25, 2015 CL Anchorage, AK SP TRF, IEEE, Elect Devices Soc DE Flexure; coupling; PZT; resonator; MEMS ID DEVICE AB This paper reports on a low-loss, flexural-mode resonator with enhanced effective electromechanical coupling, k(eff)(2). Improvement is achieved by utilizing a higher dimensional vibrational mode that possesses more than one non-zero, in-phase normal-stress component. Specifically, the stress profile augments coupling with contributions from both the d(31) and d(32) piezoelectric coefficients. The 52.6 MHz flexure-based mode of the 0.5-mu m lead zirconate titanate (PZT) on 4-mu m silicon resonator yields similar to 4x boost in k(eff)(2) (2.07% versus 0.55%) when compared with the fundamental length-extensional mode of the same device. Measurements also reveal a 50 Omega terminated insertion loss (IL) of -3.6 dB and motional resistance, R-m= 45 Omega despite an unloaded quality factor (Q(UL)) of 122 C1 [Puder, J. M.; Bhave, S. A.] Cornell Univ, Oxide MEMS Grp, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Puder, J. M.; Bedair, S. S.; Pulskamp, J. S.; Rudy, R. Q.; Polcawich, R. G.] US Army, Res Lab, Piezo MEMS Grp, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Puder, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Oxide MEMS Grp, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM jmp378@cornell.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8955-3 PY 2015 BP 2017 EP 2020 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BF2EU UT WOS:000380461400504 ER PT S AU Silvestri, S Holbert, B Novotny, P La Porta, T Wolf, A Swami, A AF Silvestri, S. Holbert, B. Novotny, P. La Porta, T. Wolf, A. Swami, A. GP IEEE TI Inferring Network Topologies in MANETs Applied to Service Redeployment SO 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS ICCCN 2015 SE IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks ICCCN CY AUG 03-06, 2015 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, NSF DE Topology inference; Partial information; Service redeployment ID WEB SERVICES AB The heterogeneous and dynamic nature of tactical coalition networks poses several challenges to common network management tasks, due to the lack of complete and accurate network information. In this paper, we consider the problem of redeploying services in mobile tactical networks. We propose M-iTop, an algorithm for inferring the network topology when only partial information is available. M-iTop initially constructs a virtual topology that overestimates the number of network components, and then repeatedly merges links in this topology to resolve it towards the structure of the true network. We perform extensive simulations and show that M-iTop enables an efficient redeployment of services over the network despite the limitation of partial information. C1 [Silvestri, S.; La Porta, T.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Holbert, B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Novotny, P.; Wolf, A.] Imperial Coll, Dept Comp, London, England. [Swami, A.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Silvestri, S (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM silvestris@mst.edu; bdh5027@cse.psu.edu; pn709@doc.ic.ac.uk; tlp@cse.psu.edu; a.wolf@imperial.ac.uk; ananthram.swami@us.army.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 978-1-4799-9964-4 J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 2015 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF2NG UT WOS:000380482500051 ER PT S AU Aydelotte, B Schuster, B AF Aydelotte, Brady Schuster, Brian BE Schonberg, WP TI Impact and Penetration of SiC: The Role of Rod Strength in the Transition from Dwell to Penetration SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SYMPOSIUM (HVIS 2015) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY APR 26-30, 2015 CL Boulder, CO DE Impact; High Pressure Strength; Penetration ID COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; SILICON-CARBIDE; FAILURE; MODEL AB The phenomenon of dwell during projectile impact on ceramics has been an active area of research for several decades. Dwell in confined ceramics has received much attention, particularly the role of cover plates and their influence over the dwell to penetration transition. Dwell during long rod impact on unconfined ceramics has received relatively less attention. The present work will compare and contrast the results of two series of long rod impacts on hot pressed silicon carbide targets. One series utilized gold wire rods. The other series utilized rods fabricated from tungsten carbide with 10% cobalt matrix. A novel ten-flash X-ray system captured spatially resolved images of the penetration events. The experimental results are compared with simulations and predictions from the Alekseevskii-Tate equation to explore the role of shock pressure, the effects of the strength of the rod material in dwell to penetration transition behavior, and the behavior of defects within silicon carbide. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Aydelotte, Brady; Schuster, Brian] US Army, Res Lab, RDRL WML H, 328 Hopkins Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Aydelotte, B (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, RDRL WML H, 328 Hopkins Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM brady.b.aydelotte.civ@mail.mil NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 103 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.004 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FJ UT WOS:000380535200003 ER PT S AU Baker, EL Daniels, A DeFisher, S Al-Shehab, N Ng, KW Fuchs, BE Cruz, F AF Baker, Ernest L. Daniels, Arthur DeFisher, Stanley Al-Shehab, Nausheen Ng, Koon-Wing Fuchs, Brian E. Cruz, Felix BE Schonberg, WP TI Development of a Small Shaped Charge Insensitive Munitions Threat Test SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SYMPOSIUM (HVIS 2015) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY APR 26-30, 2015 CL Boulder, CO DE Shaped Charge; Insensitive Munitions; Explosives; Detonation AB Rocket propelled grenade (RPG) shaped charge attack threats are of particular concern for Insensitive Munitions (IM) development. In response to these threats, the U.S. Project Engineering Office for Ammunition (PEO Ammo) worked with ARDEC to develop a highly reproducible and well characterized standardized 81mm shaped charge jet initiation test configuration. This test was adopted by the U.S. DoD for RPG threat testing as specified in MIL-STD-2105D and is completed as per STANAG 4526. Recent U.S. Insensitive Munitions shaped charge initiation attention has been focused on realistic smaller shaped charge threats. STANAG 4526 discusses standardized threats related to "Top Attack Bomblets" and SCJ with "Characteristics of 50mm Rockeye". As a representative shaped charge for smaller size threats than the RPG, the 50mm Rockeye munition has been commonly recommended for testing. However, recent testing of the 50mm Rockeye munitions has shown a large undesirable variability of jet tip characteristics. This large variability in jet tip characteristics would be consistent with a large variability in munitions response to the 50mm Rockeye jet attack. Additionally, it has become clear that this shaped charge does not represent a commonly observed threat. For this reason, an effort is currently underway to identify a dominant smaller shaped charge threat and to develop a surrogate small shaped charge threat test configuration that provides very reproducible jet characteristics. The result to date is that 40mm grenades have been identified as a dominant smaller shaped charge threat and a surrogate consistent in approach with previous efforts has been designed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baker, Ernest L.; Daniels, Arthur; DeFisher, Stanley; Al-Shehab, Nausheen; Ng, Koon-Wing; Fuchs, Brian E.; Cruz, Felix] US Army, Armament Researc Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Baker, EL (reprint author), US Army, Armament Researc Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM ernest.l.baker.civ@mail.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 103 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FJ UT WOS:000380535200004 ER PT S AU Bjerke, T Greenfield, M Segletes, S AF Bjerke, Todd Greenfield, Michael Segletes, Steven BE Schonberg, WP TI The Mechanochemistry of Damage and Terminal Ballistics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SYMPOSIUM (HVIS 2015) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY APR 26-30, 2015 CL Boulder, CO DE damage; fracture; terminal ballistics; phenomenological mechanochemistry of damage AB The asymmetric radial crack patterns that occur in brittle targets when impacted by high velocity projectiles are explained using a Phenomenological Mechanochemistry of Damage (PMD) engineering model. The developed model, which constitutes a simplification of the generalized PMD framework, reveals an energy instability during failure of brittle materials configured in a purely symmetric geometry and impact configuration. The underlying cause of the instability is due to the competition between stored elastic energy and the energy associated with new surface creation through broken chemical bonds. The instability manifests itself in the form of asymmetric radial cracking in the brittle target. The model is built upon the general PMD framework and assumes the target material is sufficiently brittle that strains are small and linear elasticity is applicable. Furthermore, the impact geometry is assumed to be purely symmetric, which leads to a reduction of the geometry to a one-dimensional radial configuration. The model is not restricted to any ballistic impact speed regime, provided the target material remains in the solid phase. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bjerke, Todd; Greenfield, Michael; Segletes, Steven] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Bjerke, T (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM todd.w.bjerke2.civ@mail.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 103 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.006 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FJ UT WOS:000380535200005 ER PT S AU Lloyd, JT Clayton, JD AF Lloyd, Jeffrey T. Clayton, John D. BE Schonberg, WP TI Simulation-Based Study of Layered Aluminum Crystal Microstructures Subjected to Shock Loading SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SYMPOSIUM (HVIS 2015) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY APR 26-30, 2015 CL Boulder, CO DE shock physics; impact; elasticity; plasticity; dislocations ID PLANE-WAVE PROPAGATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; COMPOSITES; SAPPHIRE; METALS; MODEL AB A one-dimensional finite difference method allowing for anisotropic deformation is used in conjunction with a nonlinear thermoelastic-viscoplastic material model to compute the shock response of various microstructural instantiations of pure aluminum at peak stresses exceeding the Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL). Single crystals and layered bi-materials consisting of grains with alternating orientations relative to the direction of shock propagation - specifically [100], [111], or low-symmetry orientations - are impacted to peak shock stresses on the order of 5 GPa. The [111] orientation [111] is observed to be stiffest both plastically and elastically, while the [100] orientation is found to be most compliant. Layered bi-materials that only demonstrate pure longitudinal waves exhibit average shock stresses, entropy production, and internal energy in between values computed for their single crystal constituents. Layered bi-materials that generate both quasi-longitudinal and quasi-transverse waves results in lower peak stresses and higher internal energy than their single crystal constituents. In bi-material systems, stress fluctuations decrease in frequency with increasing layer thickness, and peak stress amplitudes increase with layer thickness. Average dissipation depends on orientation but is relatively insensitive to layer thickness. Results of the computational method may ultimately be used to guide design of metallic systems with microstructures tailored for optimal impact resistance. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lloyd, Jeffrey T.; Clayton, John D.] US Army Res Lab, Impact Phys, RDRL WMP C, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Lloyd, JT (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Impact Phys, RDRL WMP C, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jeffrey.t.lloyd.civ@mail.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 103 BP 349 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.057 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FJ UT WOS:000380535200045 ER PT S AU Meyer, CS AF Meyer, Christopher S. BE Schonberg, WP TI Kinetic Energy Required for Perforating Double Reinforced Concrete Targets: A Parametric Numerical Study Considering Impact Velocity and Penetrator Presented Area SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SYMPOSIUM (HVIS 2015) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY APR 26-30, 2015 CL Boulder, CO DE numerical simulation; modeling; reinforced concrete; kinetic energy; perforation ID RIGID PROJECTILE; OBLIQUE AB The U.S. Army's interest in breaching double-reinforced concrete (DRC) walls has revealed a need to better understand the energy required to perforate DRC. In an effort to determine the minimum kinetic energy required for perforating a DRC target, a parametric numerical study was conducted at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. As an initial step in the exploration of minimum kinetic energy required for perforating DRC targets, large scale, high-fidelity, three-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted using an Eulerian shock physics code and an empirical concrete constitutive model. The parametric study investigated right cylindrical steel rods with masses of 500-2000 g and length-to-diameter ratios (L/D) of 1-10 impacting with velocities ranging from 500-2000 m/s, and perforating rebar reinforced concrete targets at three different impact locations with impact orientations to target of either end-on or side-on. This paper describes the modeling methodology used to generate the data, and then uses this data to consider the kinetic energy of perforation of DRC for the described range of conditions. Finally, an empirical fit to the data is reported, which may be used to estimate the conditions necessary for perforation of a DRC target of given parameters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Meyer, Christopher S.] US Army Res Lab, RDRL WML H, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Meyer, CS (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, RDRL WML H, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM christopher.s.meyer12.civ@mail.mil NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 103 BP 381 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.036 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FJ UT WOS:000380535200049 ER PT S AU McDonald, J Satapathy, S AF McDonald, Jason Satapathy, Sikhanda BE Schonberg, WP TI Surface Wave Effects on the Ballistic Response of Brittle Materials SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SYMPOSIUM (HVIS 2015) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY APR 26-30, 2015 CL Boulder, CO DE Surface wave effects; cone cracks; ballistic reponse of ceramics AB Prior experimental studies [1-3] have shown substantial improvement in the ballistic performance of ceramics due to surface treatment with thin coatings; however, no correlation between layer properties and degree of improvement has been found and no mechanism has yet been identified. It is certainly true that the high strain rates present in a ballistic event will cause surface waves to form and it is plausible that the interaction of these waves with surface flaws may contribute significantly to cracking and failure. In the present work a computational framework is developed to study the role of surface waves in brittle materials. Extension of this framework to multi-layer systems should provide insight into whether or not the observed surface-treatment effect in ceramics can be attributed to surface wave suppression. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McDonald, Jason; Satapathy, Sikhanda] Army Res Lab, RDRL WMP B, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP McDonald, J (reprint author), Army Res Lab, RDRL WMP B, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jason.r.mcdonald27.ctr@mail.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 103 BP 538 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.070 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FJ UT WOS:000380535200069 ER PT S AU Schuster, BE Aydelotte, BB Leavy, RB Satapathy, S Zellner, MB AF Schuster, Brian E. Aydelotte, Brady B. Leavy, R. Brian Satapathy, Sikhanda Zellner, Michael B. BE Schonberg, WP TI Concurrent Velocimetry and Flash X-ray Characterization of Impact and Penetration in an Armor Ceramic SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SYMPOSIUM (HVIS 2015) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY APR 26-30, 2015 CL Boulder, CO DE Armor ceramic impact; dwell to penetration transition; Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV); Flash X-ray ID SILICON-CARBIDE; TARGETS AB We present a methodology for concurrent Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) and in-situ flash X-ray imaging during ballistic impact of metallic penetrators into monolithic armor grade ceramic targets. Tungsten heavy alloy long rod penetrators were launched from a smooth bore cannon into silicon carbide targets at velocities of 0.753 and 1.403 mm/mu s. Penetrator lengths and penetration depths were measured as a function of time using an array of four 450 kV flash X-ray sources and digital film. A four channel PDV system coupled to a 16 GHz oscilloscope was used to measure the velocity history of the penetrator and at three positions on the back surface of the target. This experimental technique shows great promise for measurements of the dwell time, penetration velocity, and the time of final break-out from the back of the target. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schuster, Brian E.; Aydelotte, Brady B.; Leavy, R. Brian; Satapathy, Sikhanda; Zellner, Michael B.] US Army Res Lab, RDRL WM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Schuster, BE (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, RDRL WM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM brian.e.schuster.civ@mail.mil RI Satapathy, Sikhanda/L-5264-2015 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 103 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.072 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FJ UT WOS:000380535200071 ER PT S AU Sorensen, B AF Sorensen, Brett BE Schonberg, WP TI High-Velocity Impact of Encased Al/PTFE Projectiles on Structural Aluminum Armor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SYMPOSIUM (HVIS 2015) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY APR 26-30, 2015 CL Boulder, CO DE hypervelocity impact; KE projectiles; low density projectiles; reactive material; aluminium armor AB In support of the U.S. Army's science and advanced technology objective in hypervelocity penetration mechanics, the Army Research Laboratory has been studying the terminal ballistics of conventional and non-conventional high-velocity kinetic energy projectiles against urban, light-armor and heavy-armor targets. The purpose is to identify and analyze both mechanisms and concepts to effectively defeat a range of targets with inert payloads using the elevated impact velocities available from future delivery systems. To this end, a series of experiments has been performed launching low-aspect-ratio aluminum and steel cylindrical projectiles, aluminum conical projectiles, and encased reactive material projectiles, with nominal masses between 200 and 240-gm, striking finite aluminum armor at nominal velocities of 2100 m/s to observe crater and spall formation and to determine the damage capacity of the debris. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sorensen, Brett] Army Res Lab, RDRL WML H, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21015 USA. RP Sorensen, B (reprint author), Army Res Lab, RDRL WML H, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21015 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 103 BP 569 EP 576 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.074 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FJ UT WOS:000380535200073 ER PT S AU Tonge, AL Leavy, B LaSalvia, J Ramesh, KT Brannon, R AF Tonge, Andrew L. Leavy, Brian LaSalvia, Jerry Ramesh, K. T. Brannon, Rebecca BE Schonberg, WP TI A Quantitative Approach to Comparing High Velocity Impact Experiments and Simulations Using XCT Data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SYMPOSIUM (HVIS 2015) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY APR 26-30, 2015 CL Boulder, CO DE Ceramic; Boron Carbide; Balistic Impact; Validation ID DAMAGE AB While computational models of impact events have the potential to accelerate the design cycle, one's confidence in a material model should be related to the extent of validation work that has been performed for that model. Quantities of interest used for validation are often either scalar volume-averaged quantities (such as the average density, or the force applied to a boundary) or field quantities (such as the strain field obtained from digital image correlation, or density maps computed from X-ray computed tomography (XCT)). Volume averaged quantities are easy to compare quantitatively since they are either a single value or a simple time series. However, these averaged quantities do not capture differences in the failure process within a material and can be blunt instruments for validation efforts. Field quantities provide spatial information, but are difficult to reduce to a scalar that quantifies the goodness of a particular model with respect to another model. This work describes an approach to using XCT data to quantify how well a particular simulation agrees with simulation data while accounting for the statistical nature of failure in brittle materials. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tonge, Andrew L.; Leavy, Brian; LaSalvia, Jerry] US Army Res Lab, ATTN RDRL WMP C, Bldg 390,Rm 129, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Ramesh, K. T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Hopkins Extreme Mat Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Brannon, Rebecca] Univ Utah Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Tonge, AL (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, ATTN RDRL WMP C, Bldg 390,Rm 129, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM andrew.l.tonge.ctr@mail.mil; ramesh@jhu.edu; Rebecca.Brannon@utah.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 103 BP 610 EP 617 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.079 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FJ UT WOS:000380535200078 ER PT S AU Zellner, MB Becker, R Dandekar, DP Leavy, RB Patel, PJ Team, P AF Zellner, Michael B. Becker, Richard Dandekar, Dattatraya P. Leavy, Richard B. Patel, Parimal J. Team, Prad BE Schonberg, WP TI Shaped Charge Jet Penetration of Alon (R) Ceramic Assessed by Proton Radiography and Computational Simulations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SYMPOSIUM (HVIS 2015) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY APR 26-30, 2015 CL Boulder, CO DE Ceramic; ALON; Shaped charge jet; Kayenta; ALEGRA; continuum simulation; Proton Radiography ID TARGETS AB This work describes the use of proton radiography and continuum simulations to investigate the mechanics of a copper jet penetrating unconfined ALON (R) transparent ceramic. Use of proton radiography enabled characterization of the jet and ceramic material at 21 time steps, in situ, throughout the penetration process. These radiographs provide time-evolution data pertaining to the material densities, cavity growth, and material failure. The data were compared to legacy analytical penetration models and to a simulation of the event computed using a continuum multi-physics code. These comparisons revealed additional insights into the penetration mechanics as well as strengths and weaknesses of the computational algorithms and material models used in the simulations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zellner, Michael B.] US Army Res Lab, Attn RDRL WMP D, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Becker, Richard; Dandekar, Dattatraya P.; Leavy, Richard B.] US Army Res Lab, Attn RDRL WMP C, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Patel, Parimal J.] US Army Res Lab, Attn RDRL WMM E, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Team, Prad] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Zellner, MB (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Attn RDRL WMP D, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM michael.b.zellner.civ@mail.mil NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 103 BP 663 EP 670 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.086 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FJ UT WOS:000380535200085 ER PT J AU Neupane, MR AF Neupane, Mahesh Raj GP IEEE TI Electronic and Vibrational Properties of 2D Materials from Monolayer to Bulk SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS (IWCE 2015) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 18th International Workshop on Computational Electronics (IWCE) CY SEP 02-04, 2015 CL W Lafayette, IN C1 [Neupane, Mahesh Raj] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Neupane, MR (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mahesh.neupane.ctr@mail.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-6925-1523-5 PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1HT UT WOS:000380398200045 ER PT J AU Wang, YT Chen, IR Cho, JH AF Wang, Yating Chen, Ing-Ray Cho, Jin-Hee GP IEEE TI Trust-Based Task Assignment in Autonomous Service-Oriented Ad Hoc Networks SO 2015 IEEE 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AUTONOMOUS DECENTRALIZED SYSTEMS ISADS 2015 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 12th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems (ISADS) CY MAR 25-27, 2015 CL Taichung, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, IEICE COMMUNICATIONS SOC, IEICE INFORMATION SYST SOC, INT FEDERATION AUTOMATIC CONTROL, INT FEDERATION INFORMATION PROCESSING, OBJECT MANAGEMENT GRP, MINIST SCI TECHNOLOGY, MINIST EDUC, ASIAN UNIV DE service-oriented mobile ad hoc networks; multi-objective optimization; task assignment; trust; performance analysis ID MANAGEMENT AB We propose and analyze a trust management protocol for autonomous service-oriented mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) populated with service providers (SPs) and service requesters (SRs). We demonstrate the resiliency and convergence properties of our trust protocol design for service-oriented MANETs in the presence of malicious nodes performing opportunistic service attacks and slandering attacks. Further, we consider a situation in which a mission comprising dynamically arriving tasks must achieve multiple conflicting objectives, including maximizing the mission reliability, minimizing the utilization variance, and minimizing the delay to task completion. We devise a trust-based heuristic algorithm to solve this multi-objective optimization problem with a linear runtime complexity, thus allowing dynamic node-to-task assignment to be performed at runtime. Through extensive simulation, we demonstrate that our trust-based node-to-task assignment algorithm outperforms a non-trust-based counterpart using blacklisting techniques while performing close to the ideal solution quality with perfect knowledge of node reliability over a wide range of environmental conditions. C1 [Wang, Yating; Chen, Ing-Ray] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Cho, Jin-Hee] US Army, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Wang, YT (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM yatingw@vt.edu; irchen@vt.edu; jinhee.cho@us.army.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8261-5 PY 2015 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1109/ISADS.2015.19 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1IE UT WOS:000380399200010 ER PT S AU Hu, SH Yao, SC Jin, HM Zhao, YR Hu, YT Liu, XC Naghibolhosseini, N Li, S Kapoor, A Dron, W Su, L Bar-Noy, A Szekely, P Govindan, R Hobbs, R Abdelzaher, TF AF Hu, Shaohan Yao, Shuochao Jin, Haiming Zhao, Yiran Hu, Yitao Liu, Xiaochen Naghibolhosseini, Nooreddin Li, Shen Kapoor, Akash Dron, William Su, Lu Bar-Noy, Amotz Szekely, Pedro Govindan, Ramesh Hobbs, Reginald Abdelzaher, Tarek F. GP IEEE TI Data Acquisition for Real-time Decision-making under Freshness Constraints SO 2015 IEEE 36TH REAL-TIME SYSTEMS SYMPOSIUM (RTSS 2015) SE Real-Time Systems Symposium-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 36th Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS) CY DEC 01-04, 2015 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc AB The paper describes a novel algorithm for timely sensor data retrieval in resource-poor environments under freshness constraints. Consider a civil unrest, national security, or disaster management scenario, where a dynamic situation evolves and a decision-maker must decide on a course of action in view of latest data. Since the situation changes, so is the best course of action. The scenario offers two interesting constraints. First, one should be able to successfully compute the course of action within some appropriate time window, which we call the decision deadline. Second, at the time the course of action is computed, the data it is based on must be fresh (i.e., within some corresponding validity interval). We call it the freshness constraint. These constraints create an interesting novel problem of timely data retrieval. We address this problem in resource-scarce environments, where network resource limitations require that data objects (e.g., pictures and other sensor measurements pertinent to the decision) generally remain at the sources. Hence, one must decide on (i) which objects to retrieve and (ii) in what order, such that the cost of deciding on a valid course of action is minimized while meeting data freshness and decision deadline constraints. Such an algorithm is reported in this paper. The algorithm is shown in simulation to reduce the cost of data retrieval compared to a host of baselines that consider time or resource constraints. It is applied in the context of minimizing cost of finding unobstructed routes between specified locations in a disaster zone by retrieving data on the health of individual route segments. C1 [Hu, Shaohan; Yao, Shuochao; Jin, Haiming; Zhao, Yiran; Li, Shen; Kapoor, Akash; Abdelzaher, Tarek F.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hu, Yitao; Liu, Xiaochen; Szekely, Pedro; Govindan, Ramesh] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Naghibolhosseini, Nooreddin; Bar-Noy, Amotz] CUNY, New York, NY USA. [Dron, William] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA USA. [Su, Lu] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA. [Hobbs, Reginald] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Hu, SH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM shu17@illinois.edu; syao9@illinois.edu; hjin8@illinois.edu; zhao97@illinois.edu; yitaoh@usc.edu; liu851@usc.edu; nnaghibolhosseini@gc.cuny.edu; shenli3@illinois.edu; akapoor5@illinois.edu; wdron@bbn.com; lusu@buffalo.edu; amotz@sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu; pszekely@isi.edu; ramesh@usc.edu; reginald.l.hobbs2.civ@mail.mil; zaher@illinois.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1052-8725 BN 978-1-4673-9507-6 J9 REAL TIM SYST SYMP P PY 2015 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1109/RTSS.2015.25 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BF1PC UT WOS:000380424600018 ER PT S AU Dabbiru, L Wei, P Harsh, A White, J Ball, JE Aanstoos, J Donohoe, P Doyle, J Jackson, S Newman, J AF Dabbiru, Lalitha Wei, Pan Harsh, Archit White, Julie Ball, John E. Aanstoos, James Donohoe, Patrick Doyle, Jesse Jackson, Sam Newman, John GP IEEE TI Runway Assessment via Remote Sensing SO 2015 IEEE APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP (AIPR) SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR) CY OCT 13-15, 2015 CL Washington, DC DE radar; roughness; pavement assessment AB Airport pavements are constructed to provide adequate support for the loads and traffic volume imposed by aircrafts. One aspect of pavement evaluation is the pavement condition which is determined by the types and extent of distresses. These include cracking, rutting, weathering, and others that may affect pavement surface roughness and the potential for FOD (Foreign Object Debris). Pavement evaluations are necessary to assess the ability to safely operate aircraft on an airfield. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential use of microwave remote sensing to assess the pavement surface roughness. Radar backscatter responds to surface roughness as well as dielectric constant. The resulting changes in backscatter can convey information about the degree of cracking and surface roughness of the runway. In this study, we develop a relation between the Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI) of the runway and radar backscatter magnitudes. Radar data from the TerraSAR-X satellite is used, along with airborne LiDAR data (30 cm spacing). Modest linear correlation was found between the vertical co-polarization channel of the radar data and TRI values computed in 5 by 5 pixel windows from the LiDAR elevation data. Over four different test areas on the runway, the coefficients of determination ranged from 0.12 to 0.46. C1 [Dabbiru, Lalitha; Wei, Pan; Harsh, Archit; White, Julie; Ball, John E.; Aanstoos, James; Donohoe, Patrick] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Doyle, Jesse; Jackson, Sam; Newman, John] US Army Corps Engineers Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Aanstoos, J (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM aanstoos@gri.msstate.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 BN 978-1-4673-9558-8 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2015 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF1YA UT WOS:000380444400024 ER PT S AU Tahmoush, D Bonial, C AF Tahmoush, David Bonial, Claire GP IEEE TI Applying Attributes to Improve Human Activity Recognition SO 2015 IEEE APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP (AIPR) SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR) CY OCT 13-15, 2015 CL Washington, DC AB Activity and event recognition from video has utilized low-level features over higher-level text-based class attributes and ontologies because they traditionally have been more effective on small datasets. However, by including human knowledge-driven associations between actions and attributes while recognizing the lower-level attributes with their temporal relationships, we can learn a much greater set of activities as well as improve low-level feature-based algorithms by incorporating an expert knowledge ontology. In an event ontology, events can be broken down into actions, and these can be decomposed further into attributes. For example, throwing events can include throwing of stones or baseballs with the object being relocated from a hand through the air to a location of interest. The throwing can be broken down into the many physical attributes that can be used to describe the motion like BodyPartsUsed = Hands, BodyPartArticulation-Arm = OneArmRaisedOverHead, and many others. Building general attributes from video and merging them into an ontology for recognition allows significant reuse for the development of activity and event classifiers. Each activity or event classifier is composed of interacting attributes the same way sentences are composed of interacting letters to create a complete language. C1 [Tahmoush, David; Bonial, Claire] US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tahmoush, D (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 BN 978-1-4673-9558-8 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2015 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF1YA UT WOS:000380444400032 ER PT S AU Zhou, MY Lin, HT Yu, JY Young, SS AF Zhou, Mingyuan Lin, Haiting Yu, Jingyi Young, S. Susan GP IEEE TI Hybrid Sensing Face Detection and Recognition SO 2015 IEEE APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP (AIPR) SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR) CY OCT 13-15, 2015 CL Washington, DC ID POSE ESTIMATION; MODELS; EYE AB The capability to track, detect, and identify human targets in highly cluttered scenes under extreme conditions, such as in complete darkness or in battlefield, has been one of the primary tactical advantages in military operations. In this paper, we propose a new collaborative, multi-spectrum sensing solution to achieve face detection and registration under low lighting conditions. We construct a novel type of hybrid sensors by combining a pair of near infrared (NIR) cameras and a thermal camera (a long wave infrared LWIR camera). We strategically surround each NIR sensor with a ring of LED IR flashes in order to capture the "red-eye", or more precisely, the "bright-eye" effect of the target. The bright-eyes are used to localize the 3D position of eyes and face. The recovered 3D information can be further used to warp the thermal face imagery to frontal-parallel pose so that additional tasks such as face recognition can be reliably conducted, especially with the assistance of accurate eye locations. C1 [Zhou, Mingyuan; Lin, Haiting; Yu, Jingyi] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Young, S. Susan] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhou, MY (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 BN 978-1-4673-9558-8 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2015 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF1YA UT WOS:000380444400021 ER PT S AU Korpela, C Chaney, K Brahmbhatt, P AF Korpela, Christopher Chaney, Kenneth Brahmbhatt, Pareshkumar GP IEEE TI Applied Robotics for Installation and Base Operations for Industrial Hygiene SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRACTICAL ROBOT APPLICATIONS (TEPRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Practical Robot Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Practical Robot Applications (TePRA) CY MAY 11-12, 2013 CL Wobrun, MA AB A framework is presented for industrial hygiene inspection using a remotely-operated ground vehicle with multiple sensor payloads attached to it for detecting various hazardous gases and chemicals. A control scheme and a graphical user interface between the vehicle and operator is strictly mandated for tasks requiring remote inspection. By leveraging existing navigation and path planning algorithms, the system can autonomously patrol hazardous areas and relay all acquired measurements back to the user. This paper presents recent validation testing results of the system and its sensors using the proposed industrial hygiene framework. C1 [Korpela, Christopher] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Chaney, Kenneth] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Brahmbhatt, Pareshkumar] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Korpela, C (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM christopher.korpela@usma.edu; kpc49@drexel.edu; brahmbha@unlv.nevada.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-0526 BN 978-1-4799-8757-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF TECH PY 2015 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BF1IX UT WOS:000380401000023 ER PT J AU Kane, M Bennett, D AF Kane, Matthew Bennett, Daniel GP IEEE TI Detecting Push To Talk Radios Using Two Tone Intermodulation Distortion SO 2015 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SECURITY AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS (CISDA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Security and Defense Applications (CISDA) CY MAY 26-26, 2015 CL Verona, NY DE Intermodulation Distortion; Nonlinear Distortion; Signal Detection; Radio Communication Countermeasures AB Detecting a Radio Frequency device such as a Push-to-Talk (PTT) radio has several military and civilian applications. Detecting PTT radios can be used in search and rescue applications and in providing early detection and warning of existing PTT radios that were previously unknown. This study analyzes the ability of using two tone intermodulation distortion as a way of detecting PTT radios, along with determining ways of improving or increasing this response. Two probing frequencies from a standoff transmitter arrive at the PTT radio and mix in the non-linear components of its radio receiver. As a result, a portion of this mixed response is reflected back. Our results have shown that this response can then be detected, in a seminoisy environment, to determine the presence of this PTT radio receiver. We have seen that as the magnitude of the probing power increases the PTT radio can be detected from greater distances. However, we have also found that a limiting factor in our experiments is that as the probing power increases the passive intermodulation distortion of the testing system increases as well, therefore making it more difficult to distinguish the nonlinear response of the PTT radio from the non-linear response of the measuring equipment. Future work inlcudes using a coded probing signal which would allow for digital signal processing techniques to be used. C1 [Kane, Matthew; Bennett, Daniel] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10997 USA. RP Kane, M (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10997 USA. EM matthew.kane@usma.edu; daniel.bennett@usma.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7557-3 PY 2015 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1WS UT WOS:000380441200011 ER PT J AU Miao, S Hammell, RJ Tang, ZY Hanratty, T Dumer, J Richardson, J AF Miao, Sheng Hammell, Robert J., II Tang, Ziying Hanratty, Timothy Dumer, John Richardson, John GP IEEE TI Integrating Complementary/Contradictory Information into Fuzzy-based VoI Determinations SO 2015 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SECURITY AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS (CISDA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Security and Defense Applications (CISDA) CY MAY 26-26, 2015 CL Verona, NY DE value of information; situational awareness; fuzzy associative memory; decision support; intelligence analysis AB In today's military environment vast amounts of disparate information are available. To aid situational awareness it is vital to have some way to judge information importance. Recent research has developed a fuzzy-based system to assign a Value of Information (Vol) determination for individual pieces of information. This paper presents an investigation of the effect of integrating subsequent complementary and/or contradictory information into the VoI process. Specifically, the idea of using complementary and/or contradictory new information to impact the previously used fuzzy membership values for the information content characteristic applied in the VoI calculations is shown to be a particularly suitable approach. C1 [Miao, Sheng; Hammell, Robert J., II; Tang, Ziying] Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Hanratty, Timothy; Dumer, John; Richardson, John] US Army Res Lab, Computat Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Miao, S (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM rhammell@towson.edu; timothy.p.hanratty.civ@mail.mil NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7557-3 PY 2015 BP 112 EP 118 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1WS UT WOS:000380441200018 ER PT J AU Hao, LH Healey, CG Hutchinson, SE AF Hao, Lihua Healey, Christopher G. Hutchinson, Steve E. GP IEEE BE Harrison, L Prigent, N Engle, S Best, D Goodall, J TI Ensemble Visualization For Cyber Situation Awareness of Network Security Data SO 2015 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUALIZATION FOR CYBER SECURITY (VIZSEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 5th Symposium on Large Data Analysis and Visualization (LDAV) CY OCT 25-26, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP SCI, nVIDIA, Argonne Natl Lab DE Ensemble; security; visualization ID VISUAL ANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTY AB Network security analysis and ensemble data visualization are two active research areas. Although they are treated as separate domains, they share many common challenges and characteristics. Both focus on scalability, time-dependent data analytics, and exploration of patterns and unusual behaviors in large datasets. These overlaps provide an opportunity to apply ensemble visualization research to improve network security analysis. To study this goal, we propose methods to interpret network security alerts and flow traffic as ensemble members. We can then apply ensemble visualization techniques in a network analysis environment to produce a network ensemble visualization system. Including ensemble representations provide new, in-depth insights into relationships between alerts and flow traffic. Analysts can cluster traffic with similar behavior and identify traffic with unusual patterns, something that is difficult to achieve with high-level overviews of large network datasets. Furthermore, our ensemble approach facilitates analysis of relationships between alerts and flow traffic, improves scalability, maintains accessibility and configurability, and is designed to fit our analysts' working environment, mental models, and problem solving strategies. C1 [Hao, Lihua; Healey, Christopher G.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hutchinson, Steve E.] US Army Res Lab, ICF Int, White Oak, MD USA. RP Hao, LH (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM pku_lihuahao@hotmail.com; healey@ncsu.edu; steve.hutchinson@us.army.mil NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7599-3 PY 2015 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF2AZ UT WOS:000380451800004 ER PT J AU Rabago, CA Pruziner, AL Esposito, ER AF Rabago, Christopher A. Pruziner, Alison L. Esposito, Elizabeth R. GP IEEE TI Virtual Reality-Based Assessment and Treatment Interventions for the Combat-Injured Service Member SO 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIRTUAL REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS (ICVR) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation Proceedings (ICVR) CY JUN 09-12, 2015 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Bright Cloud Int C1 [Rabago, Christopher A.; Esposito, Elizabeth R.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, DoD VA Extrem Trauma & Amputat Ctr Excellence, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Rabago, Christopher A.; Esposito, Elizabeth R.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ctr Intrepid, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Pruziner, Alison L.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, DoD VA Extrem Trauma & Amputat Ctr Excellence, Bethesda, MD USA. [Pruziner, Alison L.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Rehabil, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Rabago, CA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, DoD VA Extrem Trauma & Amputat Ctr Excellence, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8984-3 PY 2015 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2EE UT WOS:000380459800062 ER PT B AU Shyam, V Ameri, A Poinsatte, P Thurman, D Wroblewski, A Snyder, C AF Shyam, Vikram Ameri, Ali Poinsatte, Philip Thurman, Douglas Wroblewski, Adam Snyder, Christopher GP ASME TI APPLICATION OF PINNIPED VIBRISSAE TO AEROPROPULSION SO ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 2A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID LEADING-EDGE PROTUBERANCES; PERFORMANCE; SURFACES AB Vibrissae (whiskers) of Phoca Vitulina (Harbor Seal) and Mirounga Angustirostris (Elephant Seal) possess undulations along their length. Harbor Seal Vibrissae have been shown to reduce vortex induced vibrations and reduce drag compared to appropriately scaled cylinders and ellipses. Samples of Harbor Seal vibrissae, Elephant Seal vibrissae and California Sea Lion vibrissae were collected from the Marine Mammal Center in California. CT scanning, microscopy and 3D scanning techniques were utilized to characterize the whiskers. Leading edge parameters from the whiskers were used to create a 3D profile based on a modern power turbine blade. The NASA SW-2 cascade wind tunnel facility was used to perform hotwire surveys and pitot surveys in the wake of the 'Seal Blades' to provide validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were used to study the effect of incidence angles from -37 to +10 degrees on the aerodynamic performance of the Seal blade. The tests and simulations were conducted at a Reynolds number of 100,000 based on inlet conditions and blade axial chord. The Seal blades showed consistent performance improvements over the baseline configuration. It was determined that a fuel burn reduction of approximately 5% could be achieved for a fixed wing aircraft. C1 [Shyam, Vikram; Poinsatte, Philip; Wroblewski, Adam; Snyder, Christopher] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Ameri, Ali] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Thurman, Douglas] US Army, Res Lab, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Shyam, V (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5663-5 PY 2015 AR V02AT38A023 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1AC UT WOS:000380084400066 ER PT B AU Rodebaugh, G Stratton, Z Laskowski, G Benson, M AF Rodebaugh, Gregory Stratton, Zachary Laskowski, Gregory Benson, Michael GP ASME TI ASSESSMENT OF LARGE EDDY SIMULATION PREDICTIVE CAPABILITY FOR COMPOUND ANGLE ROUND FILM HOLES SO ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 5B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID COOLING EFFECTIVENESS; CYLINDRICAL HOLES; DETAILED ANALYSIS; FLAT-PLATE; FLOW; INJECTION; ROW; TEMPERATURE; DOWNSTREAM; PHYSICS AB Film cooling holes with a compound angle are commonly used on high pressure turbine components in lieu of axial holes to improve effectiveness or as a result of manufacturing constraints. Whereas large eddy simulation (LES) of axial holes is becoming more common place, assessment of LES predictive ability for compound angle hole has been limited. For this study, the selected compound angle round (CAR) hole configuration has a 30 degree injection angle, a 45 degree compound angle, and a density ratio of 1.5. The geometry, flow conditions, and experimental adiabatic effectiveness validation data are from McClintic et al. [28]. The low free stream Mach number of the experiment puts the flow in the incompressible regime. Two LES solvers are evaluated, Fluent and FDL3Di, on structured meshes with a range of blowing ratios simulated for plenum, inline coolant crossflow, and counter coolant crossflow feed holes. When a steady inlet profile is used for the main flow, LES agreement with the data is poor The inclusion of a resolved turbulent boundary layer significantly improves the predictive quality for both solvers; consequently, resolved inflow turbulence is a required aspect for CAR hole LES. The remaining differences between the simulations and IR data are partly attributed to the steady coolant inlet profiles used for the counter and inline cross feeds. C1 [Rodebaugh, Gregory; Stratton, Zachary] Thermal Syst Org, GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY USA. [Laskowski, Gregory] GE Aviat, Thermal Syst Design, Lynn, MA USA. [Benson, Michael] US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY USA. RP Rodebaugh, G (reprint author), Thermal Syst Org, GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5672-7 PY 2015 AR V05BT12A040 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1AJ UT WOS:000380175100040 ER PT B AU Thurman, D Poinsatte, P Ameri, A Culley, D Raghu, S Shyam, V AF Thurman, Douglas Poinsatte, Philip Ameri, Ali Culley, Dennis Raghu, Surya Shyam, Vikram GP ASME TI INVESTIGATION OF SPIRAL AND SWEEPING HOLES SO ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 5B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Surface infrared thermography, hotwire anemometry, and thermocouple surveys were performed on two new film cooling hole geometries: spiral/rifled holes and fluidic sweeping holes. The spiral holes attempt to induce large-scale vorticity to the film cooling jet as it exits the hole to prevent the formation of the kidney shaped vortices commonly associated with film cooling jets. The fluidic sweeping hole uses a passive in-hole geometry to induce jet sweeping at frequencies that scale with blowing ratios. The spiral hole performance is compared to that of round holes with and without compound angles. The fluidic hole is of the diffusion class of holes and is therefore compared to a 777 hole and Square holes. A patent-pending spiral hole design showed the highest potential of the non-diffusion type hole configurations. Velocity contours and flow temperature were acquired at discreet cross-sections of the downstream flow field. The passive fluidic sweeping hole shows the most uniform cooling distribution but suffers from low span-averaged effectiveness levels due to enhanced mixing. The data was taken at a Reynolds number of 11,000 based on hole diameter and freestream velocity. Infrared thermography was taken for blowing ratios of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 at a density ratio of 1.05. The flow inside the fluidic sweeping hole was studied using 3D unsteady RANS. C1 [Thurman, Douglas] US Army Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Poinsatte, Philip; Culley, Dennis; Shyam, Vikram] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Ameri, Ali] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Raghu, Surya] Adv Fluid LLC, Columbia, MD USA. RP Thurman, D (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5672-7 PY 2015 AR V05BT12A044 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1AJ UT WOS:000380175100044 ER PT S AU Matthews, SJ AF Matthews, Suzanne J. BE Huan, J Miyano, S Shehu, A Hu, X Ma, B Rajasekaran, S Gombar, VK Schapranow, IM Yoo, IH Zhou, JY Chen, B Pai, V Pierce, B TI Accurate Simulation of Large Collections of Phylogenetic Trees SO PROCEEDINGS 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOMEDICINE SE IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine-BIBM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine CY NOV 09-12, 2015 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Natl Sci Fdn DE TreeSim; phylogeny; simulation; experimentation; tree collections; consensus AB Phylogenetic analyses are growing at a rapid rate, producing increasingly large collections of trees. Scientists rarely share their tree collections, making it difficult for researchers to develop methods that anticipate and respond to this growth of data. While common methods for simulating phylogenetic trees focus on random topologies, the tree collections returned from phylogenetic search are rarely random and contain a high degree of topological similarity. In this paper, we introduce TreeSim, a software package that simulates large tree collections from published consensus trees. TreeSim implements our new simulation algorithm, the combined consensus. Our experimental results indicate that simulating trees based on the combined consensus produces collections whose topological diversity most closely resemble the trees returned from phylogenetic search. We expect that TreeSim will play a critical role in guiding the algorithmic development of new approaches that support the growth of phylogenetic data. C1 [Matthews, Suzanne J.] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Matthews, SJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM suzanne.matthews@usma.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2156-1125 BN 978-1-4673-6798-1 J9 IEEE INT C BIOINFORM PY 2015 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BE9EI UT WOS:000377335600022 ER PT B AU Lach, J AF Lach, Jiri BE Arbeit, M Christie, I TI Who and Where Are the Audiences for History Today? SO WHERE IS HISTORY TODAY?: NEW WAYS OF REPRESENTING THE PAST LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lach, Jiri] Palacky Univ Olomouc, Fac Arts, Dept Polit & European Studies, Hist, Olomouc, Czech Republic. [Lach, Jiri] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Lach, Jiri] Univ Jena, Jena, Germany. [Lach, Jiri] Palacky Univ Olomouc, Fac Arts, Olomouc, Czech Republic. RP Lach, J (reprint author), Palacky Univ Olomouc, Fac Arts, Dept Polit & European Studies, Hist, Olomouc, Czech Republic. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PALACKEHO V OLOMOUCI PI OLOMOUC PA OLOMOUC 771 47, CZECH REPUBLIC BN 978-80-244-4760-5 PY 2015 BP 13 EP 26 PG 14 WC Communication; History SC Communication; History GA BF0UH UT WOS:000379450400002 ER PT S AU Estes, LTCT Backus, D AF Estes, L. T. C. Tanya Backus, Deborah GP IEEE TI A Wearable Vibration Glove for Improving Hand Sensation in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury Using Passive Haptic Rehabilitation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR HEALTHCARE (PERVASIVEHEALTH) SE International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare (PervasiveHealth) CY MAY 20-23, 2015 CL Bogazici Univ, Istanbul, TURKEY HO Bogazici Univ DE haptic; rehabilitation; spinal cord injury; sci; vibration ID ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; MESH-GLOVE; STROKE AB We define Passive Haptic Rehabilitation (PHR) as an improvement in haptic sensations or abilities using methods which require little or no attention on the part of the user. We present a study that suggests improvement in hand sensation in participants with partial Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in C4-T1 after use of our Mobile Music Touch (MMT) glove. The MMT glove is designed to teach piano melodies passively. It stimulates the participant's fingers repeatedly in the order of notes in the songs to be learned. In a study of ten hands, seven people with incomplete SCI participate in simple piano lessons three times a week for thirty minutes a session for eight weeks. The experimental group also attends these lessons but also wear our Mobile Music Touch (MMT) glove for two hours a day, five times a week to reinforce these lessons passively. Participants were injured over a year before the beginning of the study. The Semmes-Weinstein test is used to measure sensation at eight points on the hand before and after the piano lessons. The mean improvements between the experimental group and control group show a difference that is statistically significant. All hand areas in the experimental group show an improvement in average Semmes-Weinstein scores. C1 [Estes, L. T. C. Tanya] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Informat Technol, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Backus, Deborah] Eula C & Andrew C Carlos Rehabil & Wellness Progr, Multiple Sclerosis Res, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Estes, LTCT (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Informat Technol, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM tanya.t.estes@gmail.com; deborah_backus@shepherd.org NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-1633 BN 978-1-6319-0045-7 J9 INT CONF PER COMP PY 2015 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2015.259137 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BF0OF UT WOS:000379199200006 ER PT B AU Zhang, TG Satapathy, SS AF Zhang, Timothy G. Satapathy, Sikhanda S. GP ASME TI EFFECT OF HELMET PADS ON THE LOAD TRANSFER TO HEAD UNDER BLAST LOADINGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) CY NOV 14-20, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME ID IMPACT AB Recent wars have highlighted the need to better protect dismounted soldiers against emerging blast and ballistic threats. Current helmets are designed to meet ballistic performance criterion. Therefore, ballistic performance of helmets has received a lot of attention in the literature. However, blast load transfer/mitigation has not been well understood for the helmet/foam pads. The pads between the helmet and head can not only absorb energy, but also produce more comfort to the head. The gap between the helmet and head due to the pads helps prevent or delay the contact between helmet shell and the head. However, the gap between the helmet shell and the head can produce underwash effect, where the pressure can be magnified under blast loading. In this paper, we report a numerical study to investigate the effects of foam pads on the load transmitted to the head under blast loading. The ALE module in the commercial code, LS-DYNA was used to model the interactions between fluid (air) and the structure (helmet/head assembly). The ConWep function was used to apply blast loading to the air surrounding the helmet/head. Since we mainly focus on the load transfer to the head, four major components of the head were modeled: skin, bone, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain. The foam pads in fielded helmets are made of a soft and a hard layer. We used a single layer with the averaged property to model both of those layers for computational simplicity. Sliding contact was defined between the foam pads and the helmet. A parametric study was carried out to understand the effects of material parameters and thickness of the foam pads. C1 [Zhang, Timothy G.] TKC Global, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Satapathy, Sikhanda S.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Zhang, TG (reprint author), TKC Global, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4646-9 PY 2015 AR V003T03A005 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BF0UF UT WOS:000379449700005 ER PT S AU Tahmoush, D AF Tahmoush, David GP IEEE TI Applying Action Attribute Class Validation to Improve Human Activity Recognition SO 2015 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOPS (CVPRW) SE IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) CY JUN 07-12, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB When learning a new classifier, poor quality training data can significantly degrade performance. Applying selection conditions to the training data can prevent mislabeled, noisy, or damaged data from skewing the classifier. We extend a set of action attributes and apply training case attribute selection conditions to a challenging action recognition dataset. Short-range 3D imagers produce three-dimensional point cloud movies which can be analyzed for structure and motion information like actions. We skeletonize the human point cloud to fry to estimate the joint motion, and this produces a significant number of errors as well as damaged and misrepresented cases. By selectively pruning the training cases using the extended action attributes, we improve the classifier performance on some classes by over 5% and improve on the state-of-the-art from 85% accuracy to over 88%. In addition, discovering attribute inconsistencies in the subject actions has provided a reason behind the consistently disappointing performance of multiple algorithms upon the same data. C1 [Tahmoush, David] US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tahmoush, D (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM david.tahmoush@us.army.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-7508 BN 978-1-4673-6759-2 J9 IEEE COMPUT SOC CONF PY 2015 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BF0IK UT WOS:000378887900066 ER PT B AU Wang, FL AF Wang, Fei-Ling BE Ikenberry, GJ Jisi, W Feng, Z TI From Tianxia to Westphalia: The Evolving Chinese Conception of Sovereignty and World Order SO AMERICA, CHINA, AND THE STRUGGLE FOR WORLD ORDER: IDEAS, TRADITIONS, HISTORICAL LEGACIES, AND GLOBAL VISIONS SE Asia Today LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wang, Fei-Ling] Georgia Inst Technol, Int Affairs, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wang, Fei-Ling] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Wang, Fei-Ling] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wang, FL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Int Affairs, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM fw@gatech.edu NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-50831-7; 978-1-137-53218-3 J9 ASIA TODAY PY 2015 BP 43 EP 68 D2 10.1057/9781137508317 PG 26 WC Area Studies; Cultural Studies SC Area Studies; Cultural Studies GA BE8QM UT WOS:000376781300003 ER PT S AU Bahrampour, S Nasrabadi, NM Ray, A Jenkins, KW AF Bahrampour, Soheil Nasrabadi, Nasser M. Ray, Asok Jenkins, Kenneth W. GP IEEE TI KERNEL TASK-DRIVEN DICTIONARY LEARNING FOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATION SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP) SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY APR 19-24, 2014 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Proc Soc DE Dictionary learning; Kernel methods; Hyperspectral image classification ID SPARSE-REPRESENTATION AB Dictionary learning algorithms have been successfully used in both reconstructive and discriminative tasks, where the input signal is represented by a linear combination of a few dictionary atoms. While these methods are usually developed under l(1) sparsity constrain (prior) in the input domain, recent studies have demonstrated the advantages of sparse representation using structured sparsity priors in the kernel domain. In this paper, we propose a supervised dictionary learning algorithm in the kernel domain for hyperspectral image classification. In the proposed formulation, the dictionary and classifier are obtained jointly for optimal classification performance. The supervised formulation is task-driven and provides learned features from the hyperspectral data that are well suited for the classification task. Moreover, the proposed algorithm uses a joint (l(12)) sparsity prior to enforce collaboration among the neighboring pixels. The simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed dictionary learning algorithm. C1 [Bahrampour, Soheil; Ray, Asok; Jenkins, Kenneth W.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Nasrabadi, Nasser M.] Army Res Lab, Ade Iphi, MD USA. RP Bahrampour, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4673-6997-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2015 BP 1324 EP 1328 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BE1SM UT WOS:000368452401095 ER PT S AU Zhang, Y Nasrabadi, NM Hasegawa-Johnson, M AF Zhang, Yang Nasrabadi, Nasser M. Hasegawa-Johnson, Mark GP IEEE TI MULTICHANNEL TRANSIENT ACOUSTIC SIGNAL CLASSIFICATION USING TASK-DRIVEN DICTIONARY WITH JOINT SPARSITY AND BEAMFORMING SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP) SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY APR 19-24, 2014 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Proc Soc DE Transient acoustic signal; multichannel; task-driven dictionary learning; joint sparsity; beamforming ID NOISE AB We are interested in a multichannel transient acoustic signal classification task which suffers from additive/convolutionary noise corruption. To address this problem, we propose a double-scheme classifier that takes the advantage of multichannel data to improve noise robustness. Both schemes adopt task-driven dictionary learning as the basic framework, and exploit multichannel data at different levels scheme 1 imposes joint sparsity constraint while learning the dictionary and classifier; scheme 2 adopts beamforming at signal formation level. In addition, matched filter and robust ceptral coefficients are applied to improve noise robustness of the input feature. Experiments show that the proposed classifier significantly outperforms the baseline algorithms. C1 [Zhang, Yang; Hasegawa-Johnson, Mark] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nasrabadi, Nasser M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM yzhan143@illinois.edu; nasser.m.nasrabadi.civ@mall.mil; jhasegaw@illinois.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4673-6997-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2015 BP 1866 EP 1870 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BE1SM UT WOS:000368452402001 ER PT S AU Xie, TP Nasrabadi, NM Hero, AO AF Xie, Tianpei Nasrabadi, Nasser M. Hero, Alfred O., III GP IEEE TI SEMI-SUPERVISED MULTI-SENSOR CLASSIFICATION VIA CONSENSUS-BASED MULTI-VIEW MAXIMUM ENTROPY DISCRIMINATION SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP) SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY APR 19-24, 2014 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Proc Soc DE sensor networks; multi-view learning; maximum entropy discrimination; kernel machine AB In this paper, we consider multi-sensor classification when there is a large number of unlabeled samples. The problem is formulated under the multi-view learning framework and a Consensus-based Multi-View Maximum Entropy Discrimination (CMV-MED) algorithm is proposed. By iteratively maximizing the stochastic agreement between multiple classifiers on the unlabeled dataset, the algorithm simultaneously learns multiple high accuracy classifiers. We demonstrate that our proposed method can yield improved performance over previous multi-view learning approaches by comparing performance on three real multi-sensor data sets. C1 [Xie, Tianpei; Hero, Alfred O., III] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Nasrabadi, Nasser M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Xie, TP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM tianpei@umich.edu; nasser.m.nasrabadi.civ@mail.mil; hero@umich.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4673-6997-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2015 BP 1936 EP 1940 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BE1SM UT WOS:000368452402015 ER PT S AU Dao, M Nasrabadi, NM Tran, TD AF Minh Dao Nasrabadi, Nasser M. Tran, Trac D. GP IEEE TI MULTI-SENSOR CLASSIFICATION VIA SPARSITY-BASED REPRESENTATION WITH LOW-RANK INTERFERENCE SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP) SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY APR 19-24, 2014 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Proc Soc DE Multi-sensor; sparse representation; low-rank; kernel; classification ID FACE RECOGNITION; DATA FUSION; REGRESSION; MACHINES AB In this paper, we propose a general collaborative sparse representation framework for multi-sensor classification which exploits correlation as well as complementary information among homogeneous and heterogeneous sensors while simultaneously extracting the low-rank interference term. Specifically, we observe that incorporating the noise or interfered signal as a low-rank component is essential in a multi-sensor problem when multiple co-located sources/sensors simultaneously record the same physical event. We further extend our frameworks to kernelized models which rely on sparsely representing a test sample in terms of all the training samples in a feature space induced by a kernel function. A fast and efficient algorithm based on alternative direction method is proposed where its convergence to optimal solution is guaranteed. Extensive experiments are conducted on a real data set for a multi-sensor classification problem focusing on discriminating between human and animal footsteps. Results are compared with the conventional classifiers and existing sparsity-based representation methods to verify the effectiveness of our proposed models. C1 [Minh Dao; Tran, Trac D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nasrabadi, Nasser M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Dao, M (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4673-6997-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2015 BP 2409 EP 2413 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BE1SM UT WOS:000368452402110 ER PT S AU Gao, J Zhao, Q Swami, A AF Gao, Jianhang Zhao, Qing Swami, Ananthram GP IEEE TI MINIMUM INFORMATION DOMINATING SET FOR CRITICAL SAMPLING OVER GRAPHS SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP) SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY APR 19-24, 2014 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Proc Soc DE sampling; information dominating set; NP-complete; opinion polling; social networks ID COVER AB We consider the problem of sampling a node-weighted graph. The objective is to infer the values of all nodes from that of a minimum subset of nodes by exploiting correlations in node values. We first introduce the concept of information dominating set (IDS). A subset of nodes in a given graph is an IDS if the value of these nodes is sufficient to infer the information state of the entire graph. We focus on two fundamental algorithmic problems: (i) how to determine whether a given subset of vertices is an IDS; (ii) how to construct a minimum IDS. Assuming binary node values and the local majority rule, we show that the first problem is co-NP-complete and the second problem is NP-hard in a general network. We then show that in acyclic graphs, both problems admit linear-complexity solutions by establishing a connection between the IDS problems and the vertex cover problem. For general graphs, we develop algorithms for solving both problems based on the concept of essential differential set. These results find applications in opinion sampling such as political polling and market survey in social-economic networks, and inferring epidemics and cascading failures in communication and infrastructure networks. C1 [Gao, Jianhang; Zhao, Qing] Univ Calif Davis, Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Swami, Ananthram] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gao, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jhgao@ucdavis.edu; qzhao@ucdavis.edu; a.swami@ieee.org NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4673-6997-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2015 BP 2954 EP 2958 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BE1SM UT WOS:000368452403019 ER PT S AU Bian, X Krim, H Bronstein, A Dai, LY AF Bian, Xiao Krim, Hamid Bronstein, Alex Dai, Liyi GP IEEE TI SPARSE NULL SPACE BASIS PURSUIT AND ANALYSIS DICTIONARY LEARNING FOR HIGH-DIMENSIONAL DATA ANALYSIS SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP) SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY APR 19-24, 2014 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Proc Soc DE Sparse null space problem; analysis dictionary learning; sparse representation; high dimensional signal processing ID REPRESENTATION AB Sparse models in dictionary learning have been successfully applied in a wide variety of machine learning and computer vision problems, and have also recently been of increasing research interest. Another interesting related problem based on a linear equality constraint, namely the sparse null space problem (SNS), first appeared in 1986, and has since inspired results on sparse basis pursuit. In this paper, we investigate the relation between the SNS problem and the analysis dictionary learning problem, and show that the SNS problem plays a central role, and may be utilized to solve dictionary learning problems. Moreover, we propose an efficient algorithm of sparse null space basis pursuit, and extend it to a solution of analysis dictionary learning. Experimental results on numerical synthetic data and real-world data are further presented to validate the performance of our method. C1 [Bian, Xiao; Krim, Hamid] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bronstein, Alex] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Dai, Liyi] US Army Res Off, Div Comp Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bian, X (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4673-6997-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2015 BP 3781 EP 3785 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BE1SM UT WOS:000368452403185 ER PT S AU Ramirez, AB Carrillo, RE Arce, G Barner, KE Sadler, B AF Ramirez, Ana B. Carrillo, Rafael E. Arce, Gonzalo Barner, Kenneth E. Sadler, Brian GP IEEE TI AN OVERVIEW OF ROBUST COMPRESSIVE SENSING OF SPARSE SIGNALS IN IMPULSIVE NOISE SO 2015 23RD EUROPEAN SIGNAL PROCESSING CONFERENCE (EUSIPCO) SE European Signal Processing Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2015 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EURECOM DE Compressed sensing; sampling methods; robust signal reconstruction; nonlinear estimation; impulsive noise ID RECOVERY; RECONSTRUCTION AB While compressive sensing (CS) has traditionally relied on l(2) as an error norm, a broad spectrum of applications has emerged where robust estimators are required. Among those, applications where the sampling process is performed in the presence of impulsive noise, or where the sampling of the high-dimensional sparse signals requires the preservation of a distance different than l(2). This article overviews robust sampling and nonlinear reconstruction strategies for sparse signals based on the Cauchy distribution and the Lorentzian norm for the data fidelity. The derived methods outperform existing compressed sensing techniques in impulsive environments, thus offering a robust framework for CS. C1 [Ramirez, Ana B.] Univ Ind Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia. [Carrillo, Rafael E.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Signal Proc Lab LTS5, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Arce, Gonzalo; Barner, Kenneth E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Sadler, Brian] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ramirez, AB (reprint author), Univ Ind Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2076-1465 BN 978-0-9928-6263-3 J9 EUR SIGNAL PR CONF PY 2015 BP 2859 EP 2863 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE9OB UT WOS:000377943800574 ER PT J AU VanVoorst, BR Hackett, M Strayhorn, C Norfleet, J Honold, E Walczak, N Schewe, J AF VanVoorst, Brian R. Hackett, Mathew Strayhorn, Catherine Norfleet, Jack Honold, Erin Walczak, Nick Schewe, Jon GP IEEE TI Fusion of LIDAR and Video Cameras to Augment Medical Training and Assessment SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTISENSOR FUSION AND INTEGRATION FOR INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (MFI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and lntegration for Intelligent Systems (MFI) CY SEP 14-16, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID DEATH AB The Mobile Medical Lane Trainer (MMLT) is a multi-sensor rapidly deployed After-Action Review (AAR) system for Army medical lane training. Current AAR systems have two main drawbacks: 1) video does not provide a complete view of the medical and tactical situation, and 2) the video is not readily available for effective evaluation. The MMLT program is developing a "smarter" AAR system by using 3D LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging), a camera array, People Tracking software and Medical Training Evaluation and Review (MeTER) software. This system can be brought to the field and deployed in less than an hour to provide hands-off data collection for the exercise. MMLT supplements existing evaluation systems deployed at the Medical Simulation Training Centers (MSTCs) by providing a 3-D perspective of the training event for tactical evaluation with synchronized video technology to capture both tactical and clinical skills and instructor scoring. This capability is used in conjunction with the MeTER system's skill assessment checklists for automated performance review. An immediate synchronized playback capability has been developed, ultimately resulting in a rapid AAR for debriefing. This paper will discuss the technical components of the system, including hardware components, data fusion technique, tracking algorithms, and camera prioritization approaches, and will conclude with operational test results and lessons learned. C1 [VanVoorst, Brian R.; Walczak, Nick; Schewe, Jon] Raytheon BBN Technol Corp, St Louis Pk, MN 55416 USA. [Hackett, Mathew; Norfleet, Jack] Army Res Lab, HRED STTC, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Strayhorn, Catherine; Honold, Erin] Informat Visualizat & Innovat Res IVIR Inc, Sarasota, FL 34240 USA. RP VanVoorst, BR (reprint author), Raytheon BBN Technol Corp, St Louis Pk, MN 55416 USA. EM brian@bbn.com; matthew.g.hackett.civ@mail.mil; cstrayhorn@ivirinc.com; jack.e.norfleet.civ@mail.mil; ehonold@ivirinc.com; nick.walczak@bbn.com; jon.schewe@bbn.com NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7772-7 PY 2015 BP 345 EP 350 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Robotics; Remote Sensing GA BE9IG UT WOS:000377592500057 ER PT J AU Deligeorges, S Cakiades, G George, J Wang, Y Doyle, F AF Deligeorges, S. Cakiades, G. George, J. Wang, Y. Doyle, F. GP IEEE TI A Mobile Self Synchronizing Smart Sensor Array for Detection and Localization of Impulsive Threat Sources SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTISENSOR FUSION AND INTEGRATION FOR INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (MFI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and lntegration for Intelligent Systems (MFI) CY SEP 14-16, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID TIME DELAYS; NETWORKS AB Smart sensors are becoming an integral part of the evolving technology landscape; their ability to share reduced data over networks enables live data fusion, which significantly improves sensor performance and situational awareness. A lightweight, mobile acoustic sensor network has been used as an infrastructure to layer multi-sensor fusion algorithms, for detection of impulsive events such as gunfire or explosions. The system can create actionable information within seconds, and can be used to direct assets such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to specific coordinates, for eyes-on assessment in under a minute. The sensor array will be discussed in terms of its three primary components: the smart sensors, the synchronization network, and the fusion algorithms. Performance of the array from recent tests will be examined with respect to small arms and simulated mortar fire, and producing actionable information. In addition, test results will be discussed in context of autonomous control of UAV assets and potential applications. C1 [Deligeorges, S.] BioMimet Syst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cakiades, G.] ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [George, J.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Wang, Y.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Doyle, F.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Deligeorges, S (reprint author), BioMimet Syst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM Socrates@bmsacoustics.com; George.Cakiades.civ@mail.mil; Jemin.George.civ@mail.mil; Yongqiw@clemson.edu; Frank.Doyle@icb.ucsb.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7772-7 PY 2015 BP 351 EP 356 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Robotics; Remote Sensing GA BE9IG UT WOS:000377592500058 ER PT S AU Wu, DR Lawhern, VJ Lance, BJ AF Wu, Dongrui Lawhern, Vernon J. Lance, Brent J. GP IEEE TI Reducing BCI Calibration Effort in RSVP Tasks Using Online Weighted Adaptation Regularization with Source Domain Selection SO 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AFFECTIVE COMPUTING AND INTELLIGENT INTERACTION (ACII) SE International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII) CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Brain-computer interface (BCI); EEG; event-related potentials (ERP); domain adaptation; transfer learning; single-trial classification; online calibration ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; FRAMEWORK AB Rapid serial visual presentation based brain-computer interface (BCI) system relies on single-trial classification of event-related potentials. Because of large individual differences, some labeled subject-specific data are needed to calibrate the classifier for each new subject. This paper proposes an online weighted adaptation regularization (OwAR) algorithm to reduce the online calibration effort, and hence to increase the utility of the BCI system. We show that given the same number of labeled subject-specific training samples, OwAR can significantly improve the online calibration performance. In other words, given a desired classification accuracy, OwAR can significantly reduce the number of labeled subject-specific training samples. Furthermore, we also show that the computational cost of OwAR can be reduced by more than 50% by source domain selection, without a statistically significant sacrifice of classification performance. C1 [Wu, Dongrui] DataNova, Clifton Pk, NY 12065 USA. [Lawhern, Vernon J.] Univ Texas San Antonio, US Army Res Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. [Lance, Brent J.] US Army, Res Lab, Translat Neurosci Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Wu, DR (reprint author), DataNova, Clifton Pk, NY 12065 USA. EM drwu09@gmail.com; vernon.j.lawhern.civ@mail.mil; brent.j.lance.civ@mail.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2156-8103 BN 978-1-4799-9953-8 J9 INT CONF AFFECT PY 2015 BP 567 EP 573 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9NN UT WOS:000377887000084 ER PT S AU Abramzon, N Benson, P Bertschinger, E Blessing, S Cochran, GL Cox, A Cunningham, B Galbraith-Frew, J Johnson, J Kerby, L Lalanne, E O'Donnell, C Petty, S Sampath, S Seestrom, S Singh, C Spencer, C Woodle, KS Yennello, S AF Abramzon, Nina Benson, Patrice Bertschinger, Edmund Blessing, Susan Cochran, Geraldine L. Cox, Anne Cunningham, Beth Galbraith-Frew, Jessica Johnson, Jolene Kerby, Leslie Lalanne, Elaine O'Donnell, Christine Petty, Sara Sampath, Sujatha Seestrom, Susan Singh, Chandralekha Spencer, Cherrill Woodle, Kathryne Sparks Yennello, Sherry BE Cunningham, BA ORiordan, C Ghose, S TI Women in Physics in the United States: Recruitment and Retention SO WOMEN IN PHYSICS: 5TH IUPAP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WOMEN IN PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IUPAP International Conference on Women in Physics CY AUG 05-08, 2014 CL Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Waterloo, CANADA SP IUPAP Working Grp Women Phys, Canadian Assoc Physicists, Laurier Ctr Women Sci HO Wilfrid Laurier Univ AB Initiatives to increase the number, persistence, and success of women in physics in the United States reach preteen girls through senior women. Programs exist at both the local and national levels. In addition, researchers have investigated issues related to gender equity in physics and physics education. Anecdotal evidence suggests increased media coverage of the underrepresentation of women in science. All of these efforts are motivated and made more effective by the continued collection and presentation of data on the presence, persistence, and promise of women in physics. C1 [Abramzon, Nina] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Benson, Patrice] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. [Bertschinger, Edmund] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Blessing, Susan] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cochran, Geraldine L.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Cox, Anne] Eckerd Coll, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Cunningham, Beth] Amer Assoc Phys Teachers, New York, NY USA. [Galbraith-Frew, Jessica] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Johnson, Jolene] St Catherine Univ, St Paul, MN USA. [Kerby, Leslie] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Lalanne, Elaine] US Navy, New York, NY USA. [O'Donnell, Christine] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Petty, Sara] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sampath, Sujatha] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Seestrom, Susan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Singh, Chandralekha] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Spencer, Cherrill] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Woodle, Kathryne Sparks] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Yennello, Sherry] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Cochran, GL (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM glcsps@rit.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1344-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1697 AR 060045 DI 10.1063/1.4937692 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BE9ID UT WOS:000377585500057 ER PT J AU Bolduc, CA Morris, MJ Banks, D AF Bolduc, C. A. Morris, M. J. Banks, D. TI Constrictive Bronchiolitis Secondary To Inhalation Of Toxic Agents: Considerations For A Case Definition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society (ATS) CY MAY 15-20, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Thorac Soc C1 [Bolduc, C. A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Morris, M. J.] SAMMC, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Banks, D.] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. EM caroline.a.bolduc.mil@mail.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2015 VL 191 MA A1729 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA DO2AW UT WOS:000377582801128 ER PT J AU Jiwani, AZ Maple, E Mahon, I Apgar, C Atwood, CW Battaile, JT Browning, R Garshick, E Goldstein, RH Keith, RL More, K Morris, MJ Parrish, JS Reid, M Vachani, A Gatsonis, C Elashoff, D Duan, F Dubinett, SM Lenburgh, M Massion, PP Remick, DG Wistuba, II Schnall, M Spira, A AF Jiwani, A. Z. Maple, E. Mahon, I. Apgar, C. Atwood, C. W. Battaile, J. T. Browning, R., Jr. Garshick, E. Goldstein, R. H. Keith, R. L. More, K. Morris, M. J. Parrish, J. S. Reid, M. Vachani, A. Gatsonis, C. Elashoff, D. Duan, F. Dubinett, S. M. Lenburgh, M. Massion, P. P. Remick, D. G. Wistuba, I. I. Schnall, M. Spira, A. CA DECAMP Consortium TI Detection And Validation Of Molecular Biomarkers For The Early Detection Of Lung Cancer Among Military And Veteran Populations: The Decamp Consortium SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society (ATS) CY MAY 15-20, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Thorac Soc C1 [Jiwani, A. Z.; Maple, E.; Lenburgh, M.; Remick, D. G.; Spira, A.] Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Mahon, I.; Apgar, C.; Schnall, M.] Amer Coll Radiol, Imaging Network, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Atwood, C. W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Battaile, J. T.] Univ Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX USA. [Browning, R., Jr.] Walter Reed Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Garshick, E.] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, West Roxbury, MA USA. [Goldstein, R. H.] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA USA. [Keith, R. L.] VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare Syst, Denver, CO USA. [More, K.] Portsmouth Naval Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Morris, M. J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Parrish, J. S.] Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Reid, M.] Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. [Vachani, A.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gatsonis, C.; Duan, F.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Elashoff, D.; Dubinett, S. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Massion, P. P.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Wistuba, I. I.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2015 VL 191 MA A1249 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA DO2AW UT WOS:000377582800248 ER PT S AU Arney, C Coronges, K AF Arney, Chris Coronges, Kate BE Mangioni, G Simini, F Uzzo, SM Wang, D TI Categorical Framework for Complex Organizational Networks: Understanding the Effects of Types, Size, Layers, Dynamics and Dimensions SO COMPLEX NETWORKS VI SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Complex Networks (CompleNet) CY MAR 25-27, 2015 CL New York, NY AB Organizational network modeling can exhibit complexity in many forms to embrace the reality of an organization's processes and capabilities. Networks enable modelers to account for many structural and attributional elements of organizations in ways that can be more powerful than statistical data mining methods or stochastic models. However, the price paid for this increased modeling strength can come in the form of increased complexity, sensitivity and fragility. Traditional network methods and measures can be sensitive to changing, unknown, or inaccurate topology; fragile to dynamic and algorithmic processing; and computationally stressed when incorporating high-dimensional data. Sensitivity and fragility of network models can be managed by setting boundaries around network states, within which specific geometries and topologies can be robustly measured. We propose a categorical framework that identifies such boundaries and develops appropriate modeling methodology and measuring tools for various categories of organizational networks. Categorization of networks along important dimensions such as type, size, layers, dynamics and dimensions provide boundaries of paradigm shifts (from a social scientific perspective) or phase transitions (from physical sciences) -- points at which the fundamental properties or dynamics of the networks change. Not adjusting for these categorical issues can lead to poor methodology, flawed analysis, and deficient results. The purpose of our work is to: 1) develop a framework to enable the construction of a network organizational modeling theory, and 2) identify measures, methods and tools that are appropriate for specific categories (and inappropriate for others) within this field of study. We believe that such a framework can help guide underlying theory and serve as a basis for further formalization of network studies. C1 [Arney, Chris; Coronges, Kate] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Arney, C (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM kate.coronges@usma.edu; david.arney@usma.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-319-16112-9; 978-3-319-16111-2 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2015 VL 597 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-16112-9_19 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE9GF UT WOS:000377498500019 ER PT S AU Cramer, C Sheetz, L Sayama, H Trunfio, P Stanley, HE Uzzo, S AF Cramer, Catherine Sheetz, Lori Sayama, Hiroki Trunfio, Paul Stanley, H. Eugene Uzzo, Stephen BE Mangioni, G Simini, F Uzzo, SM Wang, D TI NetSci High: Bringing Network Science Research to High Schools SO COMPLEX NETWORKS VI SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Complex Networks (CompleNet) CY MAR 25-27, 2015 CL New York, NY DE Network science and education; educational outreach; teaching and learning network science; high school student research; NetSci High AB We present NetSci High, our NSF-funded educational outreach program that connects high school students who are underrepresented in STEM (Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics), and their teachers, with regional university research labs and provides them with the opportunity to work with researchers and graduate students on team-based, year-long network science research projects, culminating in a formal presentation at a network science conference. This short paper reports the content and materials that we have developed to date, including lesson plans and tools for introducing high school students and teachers to network science; empirical evaluation data on the effect of participation on students' motivation and interest in pursuing STEM careers; the application of professional development materials for teachers that are intended to encourage them to use network science concepts in their lesson plans and curriculum; promoting district-level interest and engagement; best practices gained from our experiences; and the future goals for this project and its subsequent outgrowth. C1 [Cramer, Catherine; Uzzo, Stephen] New York Hall Sci, Corona, NY 11368 USA. [Sheetz, Lori] US Mil Acad, Network Sci Ctr, West Point, NY USA. [Sayama, Hiroki] SUNY Binghamton, Collect Dynam Complex Syst Res Grp, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Sayama, Hiroki] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Complex Network Res, Boston, MA USA. [Trunfio, Paul; Stanley, H. Eugene] Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Cramer, C (reprint author), New York Hall Sci, Corona, NY 11368 USA. EM ccramer@nysci.org; Lori.Sheetz@usma.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-319-16112-9; 978-3-319-16111-2 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2015 VL 597 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-16112-9_21 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE9GF UT WOS:000377498500021 ER PT B AU Lee, Z Eichner, D Tennis, J Ryan, M Sowell, T Benson, M Van Poppel, B Nelson, T Guzman, PV Fahrig, R Eaton, J Kurman, MS Kweon, CBM AF Lee, Zachary Eichner, Daniel Tennis, Jonathan Ryan, Matthew Sowell, Tyler Benson, Michael Van Poppel, Bret Nelson, Thomas Guzman, Pablo Vasquez Fahrig, Rebecca Eaton, John Kurman, Matthew S. Kweon, Chol-Bum M. GP ASME TI A COMPARISON OF SHADOWGRAPHY AND X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN LIQUID SPRAY ANALYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) CY NOV 14-20, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME ID FUEL SPRAYS AB This work examines and compares two proven techniques for assessing key characteristics of liquid sprays for combustion applications: shadowgraphy and time averaged X-ray computed tomography (CT). Atomization has key applications in combustion as it can improve fuel efficiency, increase heat release, and decrease pollutant emissions. To improve the design of fuel injection nozzles, the ability to conduct accurate analyses of sprays is crucial. Key characteristics of the liquid spray, such as mean particle diameter, spray-cone angle, mass distribution, and penetration length give insight into the effectiveness of a nozzle. Shadowgraphy is a relatively inexpensive method that produces a two-dimensional, instantaneous image of the spray particles or spray called a shadowgram. Shadowgrams can be used for analyzing mean particle size, spray-cone angle, and location of breakup regions. X-ray CT measures the time-averaged X-ray absorption of two-dimensional projection images of spray to produce a three-dimensional reconstruction of the spray. X-ray CT can provide valuable insight into the symmetry and mass distribution of a spray; however, X-ray absorption diminishes rapidly with increased distance from nozzles, thereby limiting analysis to the regions near the nozzle. A detailed comparison of the overall effectiveness and insights yielded by the two methods illustrates the unique uses, benefits, and shortcomings of each method. The results confirm that X-ray CT scanning proves more effective in the dense, near-nozzle spray region. Shadowgraphy effectively complements the X-ray CT analysis through particle analysis. It also allows for relatively simple spray cone analysis, though it cannot provide quantitative mass distribution analysis. C1 [Lee, Zachary; Eichner, Daniel; Tennis, Jonathan; Ryan, Matthew; Sowell, Tyler; Benson, Michael; Van Poppel, Bret; Nelson, Thomas] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Guzman, Pablo Vasquez; Fahrig, Rebecca; Eaton, John] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kurman, Matthew S.; Kweon, Chol-Bum M.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Lee, Z (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4954-5 PY 2015 AR V007T09A095 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE9HJ UT WOS:000377555200095 ER PT S AU Gurrola, E Melendez, S McGarry, MP Teller, PJ Doria, D Bruno, D AF Gurrola, Elliott Melendez, Salvador McGarry, Michael P. Teller, Patricia J. Doria, David Bruno, David GP IEEE TI The Effect of Network Delay Estimation Error on Computation Offloading Decisions SO 2015 IEEE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLOUD NETWORKING (CLOUDNET) SE IEEE International Conference on Cloud Networking LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet) CY OCT 05-07, 2015 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA SP IEEE DE Cloud computing; mobile cloud computing; communication; cloud resource provisioning AB We study a computation offloading system with multiple cloud resources that can serve as offload targets. In this system, given a computational job, an M-ary decision must be made to select a local or remote (offload) compute resource where the job will be executed. Such a decision is made using estimators that approximate the job's completion time for each of the M resources. The effectiveness of a decision and, thus, the selected resource, can be measured by the decision difference. To characterize the effect of the network delay estimation error on the decision difference, we develop and solve a stochastic model using the Monte Carlo simulation technique in a wide range of simulations. The simulation results indicate that the network delay estimation error has no impact on the decision difference until a certain inflection point, at which the error term begins to result in incorrect decisions. These findings provide insight into the appropriate selection of estimators that enable computation offloading decision-making. C1 [Gurrola, Elliott; Melendez, Salvador; McGarry, Michael P.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Teller, Patricia J.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Comp Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Doria, David; Bruno, David] US Army Res Lab, Comp Architecture Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gurrola, E (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-3239 BN 978-1-4673-9501-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF CL NET PY 2015 BP 325 EP 327 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BE9BL UT WOS:000377207000061 ER PT B AU Robbins, BA Sharp, MK Corcoran, MK AF Robbins, Bryant A. Sharp, Michael K. Corcoran, Maureen K. BE Schweckendiek, T VanTol, AF Pereboom, D VanStaveren, MT Cools, PMCBM TI Laboratory Tests for Backward Erosion Piping SO GEOTECHNICAL SAFETY AND RISK V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Geotechnical Safety and Risk (ISGSR) CY OCT 13-16, 2015 CL Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS SP KIVI Geotechniek, Netherlands Soc Soil Mech & Geotechn Engn, Dutch Geo Impuls Innovat Program DE Internal erosion; seepage; piping; backwards erosion AB The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is conducting research to investigate internal erosion, specifically backward erosion piping, by use of laboratory-scale model testing to understand and properly capture the physics of the problem. Preliminary results show that lower void ratio models, using poorly-graded soils with a coefficient uniformity of 1.5, required a higher critical gradient to initiate backward erosion. C1 [Robbins, Bryant A.; Sharp, Michael K.; Corcoran, Maureen K.] US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Robbins, BA (reprint author), US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-61499-580-7; 978-1-61499-579-1 PY 2015 BP 849 EP 854 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-580-7-849 PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BE8CC UT WOS:000376267000125 ER PT B AU Koitzsch, KE AF Koitzsch, Kerry E. BE Jones, C Ellis, C TI Mrs Atwood and the Utopian Tradition: A Nineteenth-Century Alchemist as Utopian Theorist SO INDIVIDUAL AND UTOPIA: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF HUMANITY AND PERFECTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Koitzsch, Kerry E.] US Army, Washington, DC USA. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4724-2895-0; 978-1-4724-2894-3 PY 2015 BP 99 EP 114 PG 16 WC History SC History GA BE6RU UT WOS:000374691500007 ER PT B AU Rafuse, ES AF Rafuse, Ethan S. BE Gallman, JM Gallagher, GW TI Robert E. Lee and Traveller in Petersburg SO LENS OF WAR: EXPLORING ICONIC PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE CIVIL WAR SE Uncivil Wars LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rafuse, Ethan S.] US Army Command, Hist, Washington, DC USA. [Rafuse, Ethan S.] Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. RP Rafuse, ES (reprint author), US Army Command, Hist, Washington, DC USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV GEORGIA PRESS PI ATHENS PA ATHENS, GA 30602 USA BN 978-0-8203-4811-7; 978-0-8203-4810-0 J9 UNCIVIL WARS PY 2015 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC History SC History GA BE6IG UT WOS:000374188100003 ER PT J AU Guo, Z Hong, J Zheng, J Chen, W AF Guo, Z. Hong, J. Zheng, J. Chen, W. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Dynamic Yarn Pull-out from In- and Out-of-Plane Directions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites ID BALLISTIC IMPACT ENERGY; WOVEN FABRICS; BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISM; FRICTION AB In this study, the mechanical response of a single yarn pull-out from single layers of Kevlar (R) and Twaron (R) fabric under out-of plane loading at both quasi-static and dynamic rates was experimentally investigated. In order to perform the dynamic experiments, a pendulum impact setup was designed and constructed to pull out a single yarn dynamically. The pull-out load was measured directly by a load cell and the movement of the fabric was measured to portray the load-displacement history. The effects of transverse pressure, different weave direction, and loading rates were also investigated. C1 [Guo, Z.; Chen, W.] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hong, J.] Jatco Korea Engn Corp, Seoul 153803, South Korea. [Zheng, J.] US Army, Program Execut Off Soldier, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. [Chen, W.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Guo, Z (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 756 EP 775 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100057 ER PT J AU Esola, S Bartoli, I Horner, SE Zheng, JQ Kontsos, A AF Esola, S. Bartoli, I. Horner, S. E. Zheng, J. Q. Kontsos, A. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Quantitative Acoustics Approach for Damage Detection in Hard Armor Protective Inserts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites DE Impact-echo; vibroacoustics; tap-test; NDI; delamination; armor ID COIN-TAP METHOD AB The tap-test has long been a benchmark in non-destructive inspection of material systems, including the investigation of delamination effects in composites. In this research, tap-test related impact force variations in the (human) audible acoustic range (up to 20 kHz) are associated with damaged and undamaged hard armor protective inserts using an experimental approach. Damaged and undamaged states are determined a priori by Army quality inspections and further investigated by x-ray computed tomography (XCT), which are used to validate the presented approach. Digital signal processing of impact-echo type acoustics data is conducted to determine metrics that may differentiate between the damaged and undamaged states while providing hardware/software solutions to robustly identify damage locations. Funding for this effort is provided by the U.S. Army Program Executive Office - Soldier. C1 [Esola, S.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bartoli, I.] Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Horner, S. E.; Zheng, J. Q.] US Army, Program Execut Off Soldier, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. [Kontsos, A.] Dept Mech Engn & Mech, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Kontsos, A (reprint author), Dept Mech Engn & Mech, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM akontsos@coe.drexel.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2028 EP 2039 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100157 ER PT J AU Dippolito, M Wang, Y Yen, CF Zheng, JQ Halls, V AF Dippolito, M. Wang, Y. Yen, C. -F. Zheng, J. Q. Halls, V. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Comparison between Numerical and Experimental Results on Ballistic Strength of Multi-layer Fabric Body Armors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRICTION; IMPACT; FIBER AB In this paper, a fiber level micromechanics model is utilized to simulate real scale ballistic tests against multi-layer fabric soft body armors. The bottle-neck obstacle for micro-scale simulation of real scale ballistic tests of fabric body armors is computer capacity limitation. In order to improve efficiency, hybrid digital element meshes are adopted. Two hybrid element mesh concepts are investigated. The first concept is similar to the concept employed in the finite element approach, called the area based hybrid mesh concept. In its application, yarns are discretized into fine digital fibers in the vicinity of the ballistic impact center and into coarse digital fibers in regions far from the impact center. The second hybrid mesh concept is called the yarn based hybrid mesh. In its application, only principal yarns and yarns near principal yarns are discretized into fine digital fibers because high stress only develops within principal yarns after ballistic impact. Other yarns are discretized into coarse digital fibers. Numerical results evidence the yarn based hybrid mesh as being much more efficient than the area based hybrid mesh. Because only a few principal yarns resist load in a typical ballistic impact, the yarn based hybrid mesh technique could improve simulation efficiency up to 90-95% without sacrificing accuracy. This would enable simulation of the perforation process of real scale body armor using a fiber level micromechanics model. In this investigation, the yarn based mesh is applied to simulate real scale ballistic tests of soft body armor systems composed of 4 to 28 piles of 2-D plain woven fabrics. Ballistic limits, V-50, derived by numerical simulations are compared to real scale standard ballistic results. C1 [Dippolito, M.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Wang, Y.] Kansas State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Yen, C. -F.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Zheng, J. Q.; Halls, V.] PEO Soldier, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Dippolito, M (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2062 EP 2073 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100160 ER PT J AU Mollenhauer, D Emerson, R Camping, J Sands, J AF Mollenhauer, D. Emerson, R. Camping, J. Sands, J. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Composite Catapult Arm Design: A Case Study of Composite Design, Manufacture, and Education SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites AB In modern times, catapults have been used extensively at all levels as an educational tool. Recently, many communities, universities, and organizations have begun to hold contests where participants are tasked to build a catapult to throw pumpkins at targets or for distance. In 2013, Team ETHOS (Experimental Torsion Hybrid Onager System), a non-profit group promoting STEM education, began design and manufacture of a carbon-fiber throwing arm for their catapult. This article describes the process Team ETHOS and partners went through to design and manufacture a new arm for their machine while using the journey as an educational tool for themselves and student team members. The team developed requirements and models to demonstrate the impact of various design strategies to create a reliable structural arm. A hybrid filament winding process was chosen as a manufacturing method for the new arm. This approach consisted of building a semi-structural mandrel suitable for filament winding and incorporating pultruded unidirectional materials into the filament wind process. A unique ply-drop technique was developed in the filament winding process to address the need for skin thickness reductions from the arm root to tip. Experimental measurements of mass, center of gravity, mass moment of inertia (MOI), and internal strains of the new arm were quite close to those specified in the design process. The as-manufactured arm displayed a mass 1.80% higher and a center of gravity 15mm away from specified in the design of the 4.6m arm. Most importantly, the MOI about the arm pivot was less than 0.5% higher than predicted. Field-measurements of strain compare favorably with models. C1 [Mollenhauer, D.] Air Force Res Lab, Composites Branch, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Emerson, R.] PPG Fiber Glass, Applicat Dev, Shelby, NC 28150 USA. [Camping, J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Adv Composites Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Sands, J.] Army Res Lab, Composites & Hybrids Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Mollenhauer, D (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Composites Branch, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2084 EP 2102 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100162 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, SC Elder, RM Sirk, TW Haque, BZ Andzelm, JW Gillespie, JW AF Chowdhury, S. C. Elder, R. M. Sirk, T. W. Haque, B. Z. (Gama) Andzelm, J. W. Gillespie, J. W., Jr. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Effect of Cross-Linker Length on Epon 828 Resin Properties Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites ID NORMAL-MODE DYNAMICS; POLYMER NETWORKS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FORCE-FIELD; BEHAVIOR; EPOXIES AB Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we study the effect of the length of Jeffamine cross-linker molecules on the thermo-mechanical properties of the Epon 828 epoxy resins. Cross-linked networks are created from stoichiometric mixtures of Epon and Jeffamine using a single-step cross-linking algorithm. We determine the glass transition temperature by gradual cooling from the rubbery state to below room temperature. Then, the networks are subjected to mechanical deformation to determine their mechanical properties, such as modulus and strength. Simulation results show that length of the cross-linker affects the thermo-mechanical properties of the epoxy. Epoxy with shorter cross-linker molecules gives better properties. C1 [Chowdhury, S. C.; Haque, B. Z. (Gama); Gillespie, J. W., Jr.] UD, CCM, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Elder, R. M.; Sirk, T. W.; Andzelm, J. W.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chowdhury, SC (reprint author), UD, CCM, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2500 EP 2512 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100193 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, SC Staniszewski, J Martz, EM Ganesh, RH Sockalingam, S Haque, BZ Bogetti, TA Gillespie, JW AF Chowdhury, S. C. Staniszewski, J. Martz, E. M. Ganesh, R. H. Sockalingam, S. Haque, B. Z. (Gama) Bogetti, T. A. Gillespie, J. W., Jr. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI A Computational Approach for Linking Molecular Dynamics to Finite Element Simulation of Polymer Chains in Polyethylene Fibers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites ID DEFORMATION; DIFFRACTION; MODULUS AB In this paper, an approach for transferring the complex interactions of polyethylene fibrils from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to finite element (FE) modeling is developed. Simulations of intermolecular interactions using an all-atom MD model with the Adaptive Intermolecular Reactive Empirical Bond Order (AIREBO) potential are used to calibrate the force descriptions of surface-based interactions in an equivalently configured finite element simulation. The anisotropic material description of the finite element fibril is derived from MD simulations of crystalline polyethylene subjected to mechanical tension, compression, and shear in all directions. Fibril pull-out simulations are conducted in both MD and FE domains to determine the inter-fibril, surface-based Lennard-Jones interaction parameters for the continuum fibril model. This approach will help elucidate the complex interaction forces that exist at the atomistic level and ultimately enable scale-bridging towards the micro-and macro-fibril length scales. C1 [Chowdhury, S. C.; Martz, E. M.; Ganesh, R. H.; Sockalingam, S.; Haque, B. Z. (Gama); Gillespie, J. W., Jr.] UD, CCM, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Staniszewski, J.; Bogetti, T. A.] US Army Res Lab, Apg, NY USA. RP Chowdhury, SC (reprint author), UD, CCM, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2513 EP 2527 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100194 ER PT J AU Zhang, D Waas, AM Yen, CF AF Zhang, D. Waas, A. M. Yen, C. -F. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Progressive Damage and Failure Responses of Hybrid 3D Textile Composites Subjected to Dynamic Flexural Loading SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites ID WOVEN COMPOSITES AB The dynamic flexural response of a hybrid 3D textile composites (H3DTC) was examined through a three-point bend test. The H3DTC contains three different types of constituent fibers, including carbon, glass, and Kevlar that are integrally woven into a single preform. Tests were carried out using a drop tower facility, which can provide different impact velocities by varying the height of the weight that is dropped onto the specimen. High-speed cameras were utilized to record the deformation history and identify the modes of failure. The experimental results show that the development of kink bands in the tows undergoing compressive straining, limits the strength of the H3DTC in flexure, while the final catastrophic failure is due to tow rupture occurring in regions subjected to tensile straining. A global-local multiscale finite element (FE) model was developed to predict the progressive damage and failure response of the H3DTC subjected to low velocity impact. The composite was homogenized as an orthotropic solid at the macroscale, while the damage and failure was incorporated through a mesoscale FE model, which is a collection of repeat unit cells (RUCs) that are composed of fiber tows embedded in a surrounding matrix. A novel micromechanics model was implemented at the fiber-matrix level to compute the fiber tow constitutive responses at the mesoscale. The smeared crack approach (SCA) was employed to model the observed failure modes, including matrix cracking, tow kinking, and tow rupture. The computational results agree well with the experiment. Therefore, the proposed multiscale model can be used as a validated computational tool to understand the effect of textile architecture and constituent properties on the progressive damage and failure responses of 3D textile composites. C1 [Zhang, D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, 1320 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Waas, A. M.] Univ Washington, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yen, C. -F.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zhang, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, 1320 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2787 EP 2804 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100214 ER PT J AU Tzeng, JT Hsieh, KT AF Tzeng, J. T. Hsieh, K. -T. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI A Model for Electromagnetic Induction of Composites SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites AB The electromagnetic and thermal response of composites subjected to magnetic fields is simulated by solving Maxwell and heat transfer equations simultaneously. The developed analysis accounts for the anisotropic nature of the electrical and thermal properties in three dimensions. A finite element code is developed to predict the response of composite structures subjected to transient magnetic fields. The analysis has been validated against a closed form solution and applied to simulate the induction heating process of composite cylinders. The developed analysis can be applied to simulate composite manufacturing processes such as induction cure. C1 [Tzeng, J. T.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21911 USA. [Hsieh, K. -T.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21911 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2876 EP 2885 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100221 ER PT B AU Dippolito, M Wang, YQ Ma, Y Yen, CF Zheng, JQ Halls, V AF Dippolito, Mario Wang, Youqi Ma, Ying Yen, Chian-Fong Zheng, James Q. Halls, Virginia GP ASME TI REAL SCALE SIMULATION OF BALLISTIC TESTS FOR MULTI-LAYER FABRIC BODY ARMORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2014) CY NOV 14-20, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME AB The bottle-neck issues to resolve for numerical simulation of real scale ballistic tests of fabric body armors are computer capacity limitation and prohibitive computational cost. It is not realistic to use micro-level computer simulations for an open end design process. Most numerical simulations are only applicable for small scale parametric analyses, which could facilitate apprehension of fabric failure mechanisms during ballistic impact, but not applicable for the design process. In this paper, a sub-yam model, the digital element approach, is applied to simulate real scale ballistic tests for soft body armors. In this approach, a yarn is discretized into multiple digital fibers and each fiber is discretized into many digital elements. In order to improve efficiency, two hybrid element mesh concepts are investigated: area based hybrid mesh and yarn based hybrid mesh. The area based hybrid mesh procedure is similar to one utilized in the conventional finite element approach. A fine element mesh is adopted in the area near the impact center; a course element mesh in the area far away. However, numerical simulation results show that the stress wave travels along the principal yams at the speed of sound immediately after ballistic impact. High yarn stress develops quickly from the impact center to a distance along the principal yam. As such, the area based hybrid mesh approach fails to obtain improved computer efficiency without loss of accuracy. Because the high stress only develops within principal yarns after a ballistic impact, a yam based hybrid element mesh procedure is adopted. In this procedure, only principal yams and yarns near principal yarns are discretized into fine digital fibers; other yams are discretized into coarse digital fibers. Because only a few principal yarns resist load in a typical ballistic impact, the yarn based hybrid technique could improve simulation efficiency up to 90-95% without sacrificing accuracy. A numerical tool is then developed to generate fabric with a yarn based hybrid mesh. Accuracy of the approach is analyzed. The hybrid mesh technique is applied to simulate real scale ballistic tests of ballistic armors made of 4 to 20 piles of 2-D plain woven fabrics. Numerical results are compared to real scale standard ballistic results. C1 [Dippolito, Mario; Wang, Youqi; Ma, Ying] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Yen, Chian-Fong] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Zheng, James Q.; Halls, Virginia] PEO Soldier, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Dippolito, M (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4958-3 PY 2015 AR UNSP V009T12A074 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BE7MB UT WOS:000375503500074 ER PT B AU Glaz, B Fonoberova, M Loire, S Mezic, I AF Glaz, Bryan Fonoberova, Maria Loire, Sophie Mezic, Igor GP ASME TI ANALYSIS OF FLUID MOTION IN DYNAMIC STALL AND FORCED CYLINDER FLOW USING KOOPMAN OPERATOR METHODS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) CY NOV 14-20, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME ID SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; MODE DECOMPOSITION; REDUCTION; SYSTEMS; WAKE AB Potential analogs between dynamics induced by periodic passage through a bifurcation critical value and the nonlinear dynamics associated with the aerodynamic dynamic stall problem are presented for the first time. Koopman operator methods are used to study the spectral features of a streamwise oscillating cylinder which exhibits wake dynamics due to externally forced oscillations through a Hopf bifurcation critical value. Koopman decomposition results show that the system transitions to a more continuous spectrum compared to the discrete spectrum associated with a stationary cylinder in post-critical flow. Finally, Fourier analysis of flow variables associated with an oscillating airfoil under dynamic stall conditions were compared with the oscillating cylinder spectra. The spectral characteristics of the two systems exhibited similar frequency broadening behavior induced by the externally forced oscillations. Therefore, the results indicate that the nonlinear dynamics associated with dynamic stall appear to have strong linkages to a system oscillating through a bifurcation critical value. C1 [Glaz, Bryan] US Army Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Fonoberova, Maria; Loire, Sophie] Aimdyn Inc, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Mezic, Igor] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM bryan.j.glaz.civ@mail.mil NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4642-1 PY 2015 AR UNSP V001T01A008 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE6PO UT WOS:000374508300008 ER PT J AU Roberts, KK Chamberlin, MM Holmes, AR Henderson, JL Hutton, RL Hannah, WN Morris, MJ AF Roberts, Katharine K. Chamberlin, Michael M. Holmes, Allen R. Henderson, Jonathan L. Hutton, Robert L. Hannah, William N. Morris, Michael J. TI PULMONARY MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS PRESENTING AS ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE FROM DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE SO SARCOIDOSIS VASCULITIS AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES LA English DT Article DE diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; microscopic polyangiitis; acute respiratory failure ID ANTIBODY-ASSOCIATED VASCULITIDES; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; CAPILLARITIS; AUTOANTIBODIES; GRANULOMATOSIS; POLYARTERITIS; INVOLVEMENT; DISEASE AB Microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis are rare anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-associated systemic vasculitides that predominantly affect small to medium sized vessels of the lungs and kidneys. These syndromes are largely confined to older adults and often present sub-acutely following weeks to months of nonspecific prodromal symptoms. While both diseases often manifest within multiple organ systems concurrently, the disease spectrum of microscopic polyangiitis almost always includes the kidneys, while granulomatosis with polyangiitis is most commonly associated with pulmonary disease. We present two cases of rapid onset respiratory failure secondary to diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in young active duty military personnel. After serological testing and surgical lung biopsy, both patients were diagnosed with microscopic polyangiitis with isolated pulmonary involvement. C1 [Roberts, Katharine K.; Hannah, William N.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Internal Med Residency, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Chamberlin, Michael M.] US Army Hlth Clin, Internal Med, Vilseck, Germany. [Holmes, Allen R.; Hutton, Robert L.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Pathol Residency, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Henderson, Jonathan L.; Morris, Michael J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care Serv, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Roberts, KK (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Internal Med Residency MCHE MDX, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Katharine.k.roberts.mil@mail.mil FU Spiriva by Pfizer/Boehringer-Ingelheim FX Dr. Morris is paid speaker for Spiriva by Pfizer/Boehringer-Ingelheim. The other authors have no financial interests to disclose. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MATTIOLI 1885 PI FIDENZA PA VIA DELLA LODESANA 649-SX, FIDENZA, 43046 PR, ITALY SN 1124-0490 J9 SARCOIDOSIS VASC DIF JI Sarcoidosis Vasc. Diffus. Lung Dis. PY 2015 VL 32 IS 4 BP 372 EP 377 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA DM0HQ UT WOS:000376024800014 ER PT J AU Stark, TR Perez, CV Okeson, JR AF Stark, Thomas R. Perez, Cristina V. Okeson, Jeffrey R. TI Recurrent TMJ Dislocation Managed with Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections in a Pediatric Patient SO PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE PEDIATRIC TMJ DISLOCATION; ONABOTULINUM TOXIN A; OROMANDIBULAR DYSTONIA ID TEMPOROMANDIBULAR-JOINT DISLOCATION; OROMANDIBULAR DYSTONIA; CHILDREN; SPASTICITY; ENCEPHALITIS; ADOLESCENTS AB Chronic recurrent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation is an uncommon condition that is painful and distressing to patients and uniquely challenging for clinicians. Sustained TMJ dislocation is not amenable to manual reduction alone when the etiology is muscular in nature. The purpose of this report was to describe the case of a child presenting with recurring temporomandibular joint dislocation secondary to muscle hyperactivity of unknown etiology that was managed with injections of botulinum toxin type A into the inferior lateral pterygoid muscles. The use of this peripheral antispasmoic neurotoxin is a reasonable, safe, and conservative, palliative treatment option for pediatric patients suffering from chronic recurring TMJ dislocation. C1 [Stark, Thomas R.] US Army, Honolulu, HI USA. [Stark, Thomas R.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. [Perez, Cristina V.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Dent, Dept Oral Hlth Sci, Lexington, KY USA. [Okeson, Jeffrey R.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Dent, Dept Orofacial Pain, Lexington, KY USA. RP Stark, TR (reprint author), US Army, Honolulu, HI USA. EM trstark@gmail.com NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVENUE SUITE 1036, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2616 USA SN 0164-1263 EI 1942-5473 J9 PEDIATR DENT JI Pediatr. Dent. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 37 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics GA DL6DM UT WOS:000375729400010 PM 25685976 ER PT B AU Vantsevich, VV Paldan, JR Gray, JP AF Vantsevich, Vladimir V. Paldan, Jesse R. Gray, Jeremy P. GP ASME TI MOBILITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MILITARY TACTICAL VEHICLE WITH HYBRID-ELECTRIC DRIVELINE SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 12 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2014) CY NOV 14-20, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME ID EDDY-CURRENT; BRAKE AB In this paper, a technical concept is described for a power transmitting unit to control the split of power between the drive axles of a 4x4 hybrid-electric vehicle. This new power transmitting unit uses a planetary gear set and eddy current brake to provide a continuously variable gear ratio that can be integrated into the vehicle driveline between the transfer case and front axle. The paper details the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the device, including its operation mode, its mathematical model built from the equations of the planetary gear set and eddy current brake, the optimization equation by which the device will be controlled to improve vehicle slip efficiency, as well as its torque and electrical current usage. Computer simulations are performed on a mathematical model of a 4x4 military truck using the power transmitting unit in conjunction with a series hybrid-electric configuration transmission. C1 [Vantsevich, Vladimir V.; Paldan, Jesse R.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Mech Engn, Birmingham, AL USA. [Gray, Jeremy P.] US Army TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. RP Vantsevich, VV (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Mech Engn, Birmingham, AL USA. EM vantsevi@uab.edu; jpaldan@uab.edu; Jeremy.p.gray.civ@mail.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4961-3 PY 2015 AR V011T14A004 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BE6NY UT WOS:000374437800004 ER PT S AU Warnell, G Patel, VM Chellappa, R AF Warnell, Garrett Patel, Vishal M. Chellappa, Rama GP IEEE TI INTEGRABILITY-REGULARIZED PHASE UNWRAPPING VIA SPARSE ERROR CORRECTION SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY SEP 27-30, 2015 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Phase unwrapping; sparse error correction; integrability; interferometric synthetic aperture radar ID RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; RECONSTRUCTION; ALGORITHM AB We propose a new formulation of the classical two-dimensional phase unwrapping problem. Using a sparse-error, gradient-domain measurement model, we simultaneously seek the absolute phase and sparse gradient errors that minimize a novel energy functional that strongly encourages the integrability of the corrected gradient field. Our approach can be cast as a generalized lasso problem, and we compute the solution using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. Adopting a commonly-used interferometric synthetic aperture radar noise model, we evaluate our technique for several synthetic surfaces. C1 [Warnell, Garrett] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Patel, Vishal M.; Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Automat Res, UMIACS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Warnell, G (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM garrett.a.warnell.civ@mail.mil; pvishalm@umiacs.umd.edu; rama@umiacs.umd.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4799-8339-1 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2015 BP 4887 EP 4891 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE4NP UT WOS:000371977805004 ER PT S AU Lesinski, G AF Lesinski, Gene BE Dagli, CH TI Application of Value Focused Thinking and Fuzzy Systems to Assess System Architecture SO COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS, 2015 SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Engineering Cyber Physical Systems - Machine Learning, Data Analytics and Smart Systems Architecting CY NOV 02-04, 2015 CL San Jose, CA SP Missouri Univ Sci & Technol DE Architecture; Assessment; Fuzzy Systems; Value Focused Thinking AB Since a majority of resources are obligated during the design phase of a system lifecycle, critical assessment of candidate functional and system architectures is vital to identify optimal architectures before proceeding to subsequent lifecycle phases. Common challenges associated with generation and evaluation of system functional architectures include search of the expansive design space and assessment of key performance attributes that are particularly "fuzzy" and qualitative in early architecture development. Several assessment approaches have been presented in the literature to address the assessment challenge to include Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Value-Focused Thinking (VFT), and fuzzy logic. In this research we combine the use of value functions and fuzzy assessment to assess a functional and system architecture. There are several benefits of a methodology that combines value-focused thinking and fuzzy assessment. A distinct advantage of the methodology presented is the explicit inclusion of the customer in the assessment process through validation of the TPM value functions Involving the customer in TPM value function development and validation ensures the customer has direct input regarding the TPMs and their associated value across the range of discourse The methodology presented is flexible enough to assess architectures early in the process when things are "fuzzy" as well as later when subsystem and component performance are well defined. The methodology can also be used to analyze and assess impacts of interface changes within the system architecture.. The methodology is domain independent and can be coupled with executable models linked to scenarios. The assessment methodology is applied to the architecture for a soldier knowledge acquisition system for which the key performance attributes are affordability, performance, flexibility, updateability, and availability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lesinski, Gene] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Lesinski, G (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Eugene.Lesinski@usma.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2015 VL 61 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.182 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE6BY UT WOS:000373845000024 ER PT B AU Soto, PR Quintero, PO Mulero, M Ibitayo, D AF Soto, Paola Rivera Quintero, Pedro O. Mulero, Mellyssa Ibitayo, Dimeji GP ASME TI MICROSTRUCTURAL STABILITY OF AU-SN SLID JOINTS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS SO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON PACKAGING AND INTEGRATION OF ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC MICROSYSTEMS, 2015, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems (InterPACK) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME AB Solid liquid inter diffusion (SLID) is an interconnection technique for electronic packaging, particularly beneficial for high power and harsh environments conditions. It consists of the bonding of two materials with different melting points at a low processing temperature to achieve a high melting point interconnection. The materials investigated in this work are a gold-tin bond attaching a SiC diode to an AlN direct-bond-copper (DBC) substrate. Gold (Au) is the high melting point constituent while the eutectic gold-tin (80 wt.% Au- 20 wt.%Sn) offers the low melting point (280 degrees C). This work is aimed at the microstructural evaluation of the joints at different bonding and aging conditions in an effort to get the insights of this interconnection technology from a metallurgical perspective. Four different bonding conditions were used: 315 degrees C-5min, 315 degrees C-10min, 340 degrees C-lmin and 340 degrees C-5min; from which a base-line as built condition was assessed by means of metallographical analysis. Furthermore, the samples were aged at 250 degrees C from 1000 to 4000 hours in increments of 1000hrs to study and quantify the microstructural stability and intermetallic (IMC) growth at the interface. This aging experiment has been designed to obtain accelerated information on the kinetics of this reaction so that predictive models can be developed for the real application conditions. The samples were diced, polished and analyzed following standard metallographical techniques; both optical and electronic microscopy (SEM-EDS) was employed. The as-built samples, for the four bonding conditions, presented differences in IMC growth with the thickest layers appearing at the harshest processing conditions. After aging the IMC kept growing and the formation of a new IMC layer was discovered and investigated, furthermore, cracks started to show in some of the samples. It was observed that after 4000 hours some of the cracks extended across the whole interface. C1 [Soto, Paola Rivera; Quintero, Pedro O.; Mulero, Mellyssa] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Mech Engn, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Ibitayo, Dimeji] Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electrons Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Soto, PR (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Mech Engn, Mayaguez, PR USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5689-5 PY 2015 AR V002T02A035 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE5WC UT WOS:000373517300053 ER PT J AU Segal, MW Lane, MD AF Segal, Mady W. Lane, Michelle D. TI Conceptual Model of Military Women's Life Events and Well-Being SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This article presents a life course conceptual model and applies it to the study of military women's experiences and the effect of those life events on their well-being. Of special concern are the effects on women serving in direct combat jobs, as well as in any specialties operating in a hostile environment. Drawing on previous research, the model considers and gives examples of how a woman's well-being is affected by events in her military career, her family life, and other areas of life. The article emphasizes the effects of intersections of multiple events, as well as how the effects on well-being are mediated or moderated by other factors, including individual characteristics, military contextual variables, and resources. The analysis also includes the impacts of preventative and treatment interventions, as well as of policies, programs, and practices. Based on the model and on previous research, questions for future research are posed. C1 [Segal, Mady W.] Univ Maryland, 9007 Gettysburg Lane, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lane, Michelle D.] US Army, Congressionally Directed Med Res Programs, Med Res & Mat Command, ATTN MCMR CD, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Segal, MW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 9007 Gettysburg Lane, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. FU Geneva Foundation; Military Operational Medicine Research Program at Fort Detrick, Maryland FX We are grateful for support from the Geneva Foundation contract and the Military Operational Medicine Research Program at Fort Detrick, Maryland, especially Dr. Katharine Nassauer, CAPT C. Douglas Forcino (U.S. Navy), LTC Dennis McGurk (U.S. Army), Col Orazio F. Santullo (U.S. Air Force), CDR Mark D. Clayton (U.S. Public Health Service), and Patricia Gail Whithead. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 181 SU 1 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00345 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DI3NW UT WOS:000373406400004 ER PT J AU Savage-Knepshield, PA Thomas, J Schweitzer, K Kozycki, R Hullinger, D AF Savage-Knepshield, Pamela A. Thomas, Jeffrey Schweitzer, Kristin Kozycki, Richard Hullinger, David TI Designing Military Systems for Women in Combat SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INDUCED MOTION SICKNESS; US ARMY PERSONNEL; SEX-DIFFERENCES; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; DISABILITY; NAVIGATION C1 [Savage-Knepshield, Pamela A.; Thomas, Jeffrey; Schweitzer, Kristin; Kozycki, Richard; Hullinger, David] US Army, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, ATTN RDRL HRM, Bldg 459, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Savage-Knepshield, PA (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, ATTN RDRL HRM, Bldg 459, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 181 SU 1 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00203 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DI3NW UT WOS:000373406400008 ER PT J AU Nindl, BC Jones, BH Van Arsdale, SJ Kelly, K Kraemer, WJ AF Nindl, Bradley C. Jones, Bruce H. Van Arsdale, Stephanie J. Kelly, Karen Kraemer, William J. TI Operational Physical Performance and Fitness in Military Women: Physiological, Musculoskeletal Injury, and Optimized Physical Training Considerations for Successfully Integrating Women Into Combat-Centric Military Occupations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; EXERCISE-RELATED INJURIES; VASTUS LATERALIS MUSCLE; SEX-RELATED DIFFERENCES; FEMALE ARMY TRAINEES; RISK-FACTORS; NEUROMUSCULAR ADAPTATIONS; CONCURRENT STRENGTH; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; UPRIGHT EXERCISE AB This article summarizes presentations from a 2014 United States Department of Defense (DoD) Health Affairs Women in Combat symposium addressing physiological, musculoskeletal injury, and optimized physical training considerations from the operational physical performance section. The symposium was held to provide a state-of-the-science meeting on the U.S. DoD's rescinding of the ground combat exclusion policy opening up combat-centric occupations to women. Physiological, metabolic, body composition, bone density, cardiorespiratory fitness, and thermoregulation differences between men and women were briefly reviewed. Injury epidemiological data are presented within military training and operational environments demonstrating women to be at a higher risk for musculoskeletal injuries than men. Physical training considerations for improved muscle strength and power, occupational task performance, load carriage were also reviewed. Particular focus of this article was given to translating physiological and epidemiological findings from the literature on these topics toward actionable guidance and policy recommendations for military leaders responsible for military physical training doctrine: (1) inclusion of resistance training with special emphasis on strength and power development (i.e., activation of high-threshold motor units and recruitment of type II high-force muscle fibers), upper-body strength development, and heavy load carriage, (2) moving away from "field expediency" as the major criteria for determining military physical training policy and training implementation, (3) improvement of load carriage ability with emphasis placed on specific load carriage task performance, combined with both resistance and endurance training, and (4) providing greater equipment resources, coaching assets, and increased training time dedicated to physical readiness training. C1 [Nindl, Bradley C.; Jones, Bruce H.] US Army, Publ Hlth Command, Inst Publ Hlth, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Van Arsdale, Stephanie J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Consortium Hlth & Mil Performance, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Kelly, Karen] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Warfighter Performance, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Kraemer, William J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Sci, Coll Educ & Hlth Ecol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Nindl, BC (reprint author), US Army, Publ Hlth Command, Inst Publ Hlth, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 5 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 181 SU 1 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00382 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DI3NW UT WOS:000373406400009 ER PT J AU McClung, JP Gaffney-Stomberg, E AF McClung, James P. Gaffney-Stomberg, Erin TI Optimizing Performance, Health, and Well-being: Nutritional Factors SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; STRESS-FRACTURES; MUSCLE FUNCTION; MILITARY PERSONNEL; TRAINING EXERCISE; NONANEMIC WOMEN; FEMALE SOLDIERS AB Nutrition is essential for maintaining peak health and performance of Warfighters. This review will focus on a series of nutrients of concern for female Warfighters. Biological function, dietary sources, and requirements will be reviewed, and recommendations for women in combat roles will be provided. Iron, essential for physical and cognitive performance, is critical for female Warfighters because of elevated dietary requirements as compared to male Warfighters, as well as declines in iron status that may occur in response to physical activities, such as military training. Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health, and should be considered in efforts to prevent stress fractures, which occur with greater frequency in female Warfighters as compared to their male counterparts. Folate, essential for the prevention of neural tube defects during pregnancy and gestation, is critical for female Warfighters because of elevated dietary requirements before pregnancy. Providing optimal levels of these nutrients will facilitate readiness as women prepare to serve in combat roles. C1 [McClung, James P.] US Army, Mil Nutr Div, Res Inst Environm Med, Kansas St,Bldg 42, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Gaffney-Stomberg, Erin] US Army, Mil Performance Div, Res Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP McClung, JP (reprint author), US Army, Mil Nutr Div, Res Inst Environm Med, Kansas St,Bldg 42, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 181 SU 1 BP 86 EP 91 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00202 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DI3NW UT WOS:000373406400013 PM 26741906 ER PT J AU Tepe, V Yarnell, A Nindl, BC Van Arsdale, S Deuster, PA AF Tepe, Victoria Yarnell, Angela Nindl, Bradley C. Van Arsdale, Stephanie Deuster, Patricia A. TI Women in Combat: Summary of Findings and a Way Ahead SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE-DUTY WOMEN; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; MILITARY WOMEN; MENTAL-HEALTH; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; IRON-DEFICIENCY; RISK-FACTORS; US MILITARY AB The Women in Combat Symposium was held at the Defense Health Headquarters April 29 to May 1, 2014, cohosted by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs and the Consortium for Health and Military Performance. The conference was a call to renew and extend research investment and policy commitment to recognize operational scenarios, requirements, health priorities, and combat-related injury exposures uniquely relevant to the performance and well-being of female Service members. Symposium participants worked in groups to identify knowledge and capability gaps critical to the successful integration, health, and performance of female Service members in combat roles and to develop recommendations for researchers and policy makers to address gaps in three specific areas of concern: Leadership and Peer Behavior, Operational Performance, and Health and Well-Being. Consensus findings are summarized as 20 research gaps and accompanying recommendations. Each represents an opportunity to advance health and performance outcomes and to leverage female Service members' strengths and capacities to the general benefit of all Service members and their families. C1 [Tepe, Victoria] Dept Def Hearing Ctr Excellence HCE, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Jbsa Lackland, TX 78236 USA. [Yarnell, Angela] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Ctr Mil Psychiat & Neurosci Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Nindl, Bradley C.] US Army, Inst Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Van Arsdale, Stephanie; Deuster, Patricia A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Consortium Hlth & Mil Performance, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Tepe, V (reprint author), Dept Def Hearing Ctr Excellence HCE, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Jbsa Lackland, TX 78236 USA. FU CHAMP; APHC; DCoE; Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering FX We would like to thank Health Affairs for their support in hosting the Women in Combat Symposium. We are grateful to CHAMP, and APHC, DCoE, and the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering for their support. A special thanks to our keynote speakers, Dr. David J. Smith, DASD/HA, and Ms. Juliet Beyler, Director of Officer and Enlisted Personnel Management. Additional thanks to the anonymous reviewers for their contributions to this manuscript. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 181 SU 1 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00409 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DI3NW UT WOS:000373406400016 ER PT J AU Goethals, PL Boylan, GL Cho, BR AF Goethals, Paul L. Boylan, Gregory L. Cho, Byung Rae TI Broadening the Damage Function in Modeling an Array of Military Applications SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SKEW-NORMAL-DISTRIBUTION; EXPECTED TARGET DAMAGE; AREA TARGETS; COVERAGE; DISTRIBUTIONS; ATTACK AB Since the 1940s, damage functions have been developed to facilitate efforts in modeling or simulating the effects of military combat operations. With their ease in evaluating the expected probability of a target destroyed, they serve as a valuable tool in military predictive analyses and decision making processes. The symmetric nature of the damage function, however, limits its application toward a wide number of military scenarios where destruction levels extend beyond one dimension. To account for asymmetric damage, Paul Goethals, Greg Boylan, and Rae Cho propose a variant of the traditional function, and demonstrate its effectiveness using a simulation-based approach. C1 [Goethals, Paul L.; Boylan, Gregory L.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Cho, Byung Rae] Clemson Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Goethals, PL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM paul.goethals@usma.edu; gregory.boylan@usma.edu; bcho@clemson.edu NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2015 VL 20 IS 1 BP 39 EP + DI 10.5711/1082598320139 PG 26 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA DI6YU UT WOS:000373646900003 ER PT J AU Koban, DD AF Koban, Donald D. TI A Static Bernoulli Random-Graph Model for the Analysis of Covert Networks SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL NETWORKS; MARKOV GRAPHS AB As modern intelligence analysis becomes increasingly reliant on network analysis programs to automate the collection and analysis of open-source information, there is some cause for concern that the doctrinal foundations of intelligence analysis are slowly being diminished. Major Donald Koban has developed a static Bernoulli random-graph model that incorporates principles of intelligence fusion and provides a method for intelligence analysts to quantify the certainty of centrality-based targeting recommendations. C1 [Koban, Donald D.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. RP Koban, DD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. EM Donald.Koban@usma.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2015 VL 20 IS 4 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.5711/1082598320439 PG 9 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA DI6YX UT WOS:000373647200003 ER PT J AU Visco, EP Williams, J AF Visco, Eugene P. Williams, Jim TI Military Operations Research Society (MORS) Oral History Project Interview of Mr. George Schecter, FS SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Visco, Eugene P.] Off Deputy Secretary Army, New York, NY USA. [Williams, Jim] US Army Mil Hist Inst, Washington, DC USA. EM evisco@att.net NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2015 VL 20 IS 3 BP 71 EP 89 DI 10.5711/1082598320371 PG 19 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA DI6YW UT WOS:000373647100005 ER PT S AU Zhang, ZC Zhang, SS AF Zhang, Zhengcheng Zhang, Sheng Shui BE Zhang, Z Zhang, SS TI Challenges of Key Materials for Rechargeable Batteries SO RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES: MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW TRENDS SE Green Energy and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; LIQUID ELECTROLYTE; CATHODE MATERIAL; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITE ELECTRODES; INSERTION MATERIAL; SPINEL CATHODES; ANODE MATERIALS; CHEMISTRY; STABILITY C1 [Zhang, Zhengcheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Sheng Shui] US Army Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, RDRL SED C, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, RDRL SED C, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM zzhang@anl.gov; shengshui.zhang.civ@mail.mil NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1865-3529 BN 978-3-319-15458-9; 978-3-319-15457-2 J9 GREEN ENERGY TECHNOL PY 2015 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-15458-9_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-15458-9 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE4HR UT WOS:000371733200002 ER PT S AU Zhang, ZC Zhang, SS AF Zhang, Zhengcheng Zhang, Sheng Shui BE Zhang, Z Zhang, SS TI Rechargeable Batteries Materials, Technologies and New Trends Preface SO RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES: MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW TRENDS SE Green Energy and Technology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Zhang, Zhengcheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Lemont, IL USA. [Zhang, Sheng Shui] US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Zhang, ZC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Lemont, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1865-3529 BN 978-3-319-15458-9; 978-3-319-15457-2 J9 GREEN ENERGY TECHNOL PY 2015 BP V EP VI D2 10.1007/978-3-319-15458-9 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE4HR UT WOS:000371733200001 ER PT S AU Hu, LB Zhang, SS Zhang, ZC AF Hu, Libo Zhang, Sheng Shui Zhang, Zhengcheng BE Zhang, Z Zhang, SS TI Electrolytes for Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries SO RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES: MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW TRENDS SE Green Energy and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VOLTAGE SPINEL LINI0.5MN1.5O4; CARBONATE-BASED ELECTROLYTES; SULFONE-BASED ELECTROLYTES; ORGANO-FLUORINE COMPOUNDS; GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; FLUOROETHYLENE CARBONATE; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE C1 [Hu, Libo; Zhang, Zhengcheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Electrochem Energy Storage Theme, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Sheng Shui] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, ZC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Electrochem Energy Storage Theme, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM Shengshui.zhang.civ@mail.mil; zzhang@anl.gov NR 142 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1865-3529 BN 978-3-319-15458-9; 978-3-319-15457-2 J9 GREEN ENERGY TECHNOL PY 2015 BP 231 EP 261 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-15458-9_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-15458-9 PG 31 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE4HR UT WOS:000371733200009 ER PT S AU Hu, LB Tornheim, A Zhang, SS Zhang, ZC AF Hu, Libo Tornheim, Adam Zhang, Sheng Shui Zhang, Zhengcheng BE Zhang, Z Zhang, SS TI Additives for Functional Electrolytes of Li-Ion Batteries SO RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES: MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW TRENDS SE Green Energy and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-VOLTAGE SPINEL; LITHIUM BIS(OXALATO) BORATE; TRIS PENTAFLUOROPHENYL PHOSPHINE; CARBONATE-BASED ELECTROLYTE; ENHANCED THERMAL-STABILITY; FLAME-RETARDANT ADDITIVES; CRESYL DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE; VINYL ETHYLENE CARBONATE; REDOX SHUTTLE ADDITIVES; SURFACE-FILM FORMATION C1 [Hu, Libo; Tornheim, Adam; Zhang, Zhengcheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Electrochem Energy Storage Theme, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Sheng Shui] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, ZC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Electrochem Energy Storage Theme, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM Shengshui.zhang.civ@mail.mil; zzhang@anl.gov NR 177 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1865-3529 BN 978-3-319-15458-9; 978-3-319-15457-2 J9 GREEN ENERGY TECHNOL PY 2015 BP 263 EP 290 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-15458-9_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-15458-9 PG 28 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE4HR UT WOS:000371733200010 ER PT S AU Xue, Z Zhang, ZC Zhang, SS AF Xue, Zheng Zhang, Zhengcheng Zhang, Sheng Shui BE Zhang, Z Zhang, SS TI Manufacture and Surface Modification of Polyolefin Separator SO RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES: MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW TRENDS SE Green Energy and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MELT-EXTRUSION PROCESS; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; MICROPOROUS MEMBRANES; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; COATED SEPARATORS; RESIN VARIABLES; GEL POLYMER; PERFORMANCE; POLYOXYMETHYLENE; CELLS C1 [Xue, Zheng; Zhang, Zhengcheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Sheng Shui] US Army Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, RDRL SED C, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, RDRL SED C, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM zzhang@anl.gov; shengshui.zhang.civ@mail.mil NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1865-3529 BN 978-3-319-15458-9; 978-3-319-15457-2 J9 GREEN ENERGY TECHNOL PY 2015 BP 337 EP 352 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-15458-9_12 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-15458-9 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE4HR UT WOS:000371733200013 ER PT S AU Zhang, SS Zhang, ZC AF Zhang, Sheng Shui Zhang, Zhengcheng BE Zhang, Z Zhang, SS TI Oxygen Redox Catalyst for Rechargeable Lithium-Air Battery SO RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES: MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW TRENDS SE Green Energy and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGHLY EFFICIENT ELECTROCATALYST; REDUCTION REACTION; LI-O-2 BATTERY; OXIDE ELECTROCATALYSTS; BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYST; CARBON; ELECTRODE; NITROGEN; CATHODE; SULFUR C1 [Zhang, Sheng Shui] US Army Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, RDRL SED C, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Zhang, Zhengcheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, RDRL SED C, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM shengshui.zhang.civ@mail.mil; zzhang@anl.gov NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1865-3529 BN 978-3-319-15458-9; 978-3-319-15457-2 J9 GREEN ENERGY TECHNOL PY 2015 BP 541 EP 557 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-15458-9_19 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-15458-9 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE4HR UT WOS:000371733200020 ER PT J AU Archambault, JM Bergeron, CM Cope, WG Richardson, RJ Heilman, MA Corey, JE Netherland, MD Heise, RJ AF Archambault, Jennifer M. Bergeron, Christine M. Cope, W. Gregory Richardson, Robert J. Heilman, Mark A. Corey, J. Edward, III Netherland, Michael D. Heise, Ryan J. TI Sensitivity of freshwater molluscs to hydrilla-targeting herbicides: providing context for invasive aquatic weed control in diverse ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluridone (Sonar); endothall (Aquathol); unionid mussels; snails; LC50; toxicity; invasive species ID LAMPSILIS-SILIQUOIDEA; CONSERVATION STATUS; CHRONIC TOXICITY; UNITED-STATES; LIFE STAGES; MUSSELS; FLURIDONE; UNIONIDAE; INVERTEBRATES; FLUOXETINE AB Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) is an invasive aquatic weed that has spread rapidly throughout the USA, especially in the southeast. A common control method is the application of aquatic herbicides, such as fluridone and endothall. However, there is limited documentation on the effects of herbicides commonly used to control hydrilla and other aquatic weeds on many non-target freshwater species and no published information exists on the toxicity of these herbicides to freshwater molluscs. We exposed juveniles (96 h) and glochidia (48 h) of the unionid mussel Lampsilis siliquoidea and adults (28 d) of Lampsilis fullerkati to a formulation of fluridone (Sonar - PR (R) in laboratory toxicity tests. The early life stages of L. siliquoidea were also exposed to a formulation of the dipotassium salt of endothall (Aquathol - K (R)) in separate tests. Juveniles of the freshwater gastropod snail, Somatogyrus viriginicus (Lithoglyphidae), were exposed (96 h) to the Sonar - Genesis (R) fluridone formulation. Endpoints were survival (all species and life stages) as well as siphoning behavior and foot protrusion (adult mussels). Median lethal fluridone concentrations (LC50s) were 865 mg/L (95% CI, 729-1,026 mg/L) for glochidia (24 h), 511 mg/L (309-843 mg/L) for juvenile L. siliquoidea (96 h), and 500 mg/L (452-553 mg/L) for juvenile S. viriginicus (96 h). No mortality occurred in the 28-d exposure of adult L. fullerkati and we found no statistically significant effect of fluridone concentration on foot protrusion (p = 0.06) or siphoning behavior (p = 0.08). The 24-h LC50 for glochidia exposed to the dipotassium salt of endothall was 31.2 mg/L (30.3-32.2 mg/L) and the 96-h LC50 for juvenile mussels was 34.4 mg/L (29.3-40.5 mg/L). Freshwater molluscs were more sensitive to fluridone and endothall than most other species previously tested. Fluridone and endothall concentrations typically recommended for hydrilla treatment (5-15 mg/L and 1-5 mg/L, respectively) were not acutely toxic to the molluscs we tested and a 28d exposure to fluridone was not lethal to adult mussels even at the highest concentration (300 mg/L), indicating minimal risk of short-term exposure effects. C1 [Archambault, Jennifer M.; Bergeron, Christine M.; Cope, W. Gregory] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Richardson, Robert J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Heilman, Mark A.] SePRO Corp, Carmel, NC USA. [Corey, J. Edward, III] North Carolina Div Pk & Recreat, Raleigh, NC USA. [Netherland, Michael D.] US Army ERDC, Gainesville, FL USA. [Heise, Ryan J.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Archambault, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jmarcham@ncsu.edu NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 EI 2156-6941 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 335 EP 348 DI 10.1080/02705060.2014.945104 PG 14 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DI4PN UT WOS:000373481900002 ER PT J AU Borgnino, MKW AF Borgnino, Major Kenneth W. TI OUT OF FOCUS: EXPANDING THE DEFINITION OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY IN THE MILITARY SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article AB The sexual abuse and exploitation of children rob the victims of their childhood, irrevocably interfering with their emotional and psychological development. Ensuring that all children come of age without being disturbed by sexual trauma or exploitation is more than a criminal justice issue, it is a societal issue.(1) C1 [Borgnino, Major Kenneth W.] US Army, Edison, NJ 08817 USA. RP Borgnino, MKW (reprint author), US Army, Edison, NJ 08817 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PY 2015 VL 223 IS 3 BP 499 EP 555 PG 57 WC Law SC Government & Law GA DH4RJ UT WOS:000372772800001 ER PT J AU Hood, MWD AF Hood, Major William D. TI HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION IN SYRIA: IS CRISIS RESPONSE AND LIMITED CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS THE SOLUTION? SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article AB [I]f humanitarian intervention is, indeed, an unacceptable assault on sovereignty, how should we respond to a Rwanda, to a Srebrenica to gross and systematic violations of human rights that offend every precept of our common humanity?(1) C1 [Hood, Major William D.] US Marine Corps, Somerville, NJ USA. [Hood, Major William D.] US Army, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Hood, MWD (reprint author), 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit LLM, New York, NY USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PY 2015 VL 223 IS 3 BP 610 EP 628 PG 19 WC Law SC Government & Law GA DH4RJ UT WOS:000372772800003 ER PT J AU Doyle, MJG AF Doyle, Major John G. TI THE CODE INDICTED: WHY THE TIME IS RIGHT TO IMPLEMENT A GRAND JURY PROCEEDING IN THE MILITARY SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article AB The grand jury gets to say-without any review, oversight, or second-guessing-whether probable cause exists to think that a person committed a crime.(1) C1 [Doyle, Major John G.] US Army, Edison, NJ USA. RP Doyle, MJG (reprint author), US Army, Judge Advocate Gen Legal Ctr, Contract & Fiscal Law Dept, Charlottesville, VA USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PY 2015 VL 223 IS 3 BP 629 EP 671 PG 43 WC Law SC Government & Law GA DH4RJ UT WOS:000372772800004 ER PT J AU Hill, LCJT AF Hill, Lieutenant Colonel James T. TI JUS IN BELLO FUTURA IGNOTUS: THE UNITED STATES, THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT, AND THE UNCERTAIN FUTURE OF THE LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY; WAR-CRIMES AB The great uncertainty of all data in war is a peculiar difficulty, because all action must, to a certain extent, be planned in a mere twilight, which in addition not infrequently like the effect of a fog or moonshine-gives to things exaggerated dimensions and unnatural appearance.(1) C1 [Hill, Lieutenant Colonel James T.] US Army, Edison, NJ USA. [Hill, Lieutenant Colonel James T.] Ist Super Stato Maggiore Interforze, Rome, Italy. [Hill, Lieutenant Colonel James T.] US Army, Judge Advocate Gen Legal Ctr & Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Hill, LCJT (reprint author), The Pentagon, Int Operat Law Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PY 2015 VL 223 IS 3 BP 672 EP 725 PG 54 WC Law SC Government & Law GA DH4RJ UT WOS:000372772800005 ER PT J AU Osborne, MAM AF Osborne, Major Anthony M. TI BECOMING A HARDER TARGET: UPDATING MILITARY FIREARMS POLICIES TO COMBAT ACTIVE SHOOTERS SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article AB When the first shots rang out, my hand reached to my belt for something that wasn't there [a gun]. Something that could have put a stop to the bloodshed, could have made it merely an "ugly incident" instead of the horrific massacre that I will surely remember as the darkest twenty minutes of my life.... Stripped of my God given right to arm mysqf, the only defensive posture I had left was to lie prostrate on the ground, and wait to die. As the shooter kicked at the door, I remember telling myself, "oh well, this is it." It is beneath human dignity to experience the utter helplessness I felt that day. I cannot abide the thought that anyone should ever feel that again.... I shall conclude by restating my warning. This will happen again and again until we learn the lesson that suppressing the bearing of arms doesn't prevent horrific crimes, it invites them.(1) C1 [Osborne, Major Anthony M.] US Army, Arlington, DC USA. [Osborne, Major Anthony M.] Judge Advocate Gen Legal Ctr & Sch, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Osborne, MAM (reprint author), 82d Airborne Div Sustainment Brigade, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 130 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PY 2015 VL 223 IS 3 BP 726 EP 783 PG 58 WC Law SC Government & Law GA DH4RJ UT WOS:000372772800006 ER PT S AU Cheng, MX Ling, Y Sadler, BM AF Cheng, Maggie X. Ling, Yi Sadler, Brian M. GP IEEE TI SINR-Based Connectivity Enhancement In Wireless Ad Hoc Networks SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL London, ENGLAND SP IEEE ID RELAY NODE PLACEMENT; SENSOR NETWORKS; ROBOT TEAMS AB We address the issue of wireless ad hoc network connectivity by using a tail model that is derived from the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR). The SINR model more accurately describes link connectivity than the traditionally used disk model in the real-world. We first assess the network connectivity by measuring the conductance of the network and find the bottleneck location of the network, and then deploy a relay node to improve the connectivity at the bottleneck. A partition algorithm is proposed to address the first problem, and an optimization problem is proposed to address the relay node deployment problem. The relay node deployment problem is solved by using approximate convex optimization models, and the approximation performance is analyzed. Simulation results show that the partition algorithm based on the SINR model identifies the network bottleneck more accurately than the previous methods based on the binary model. It also verifies that the relay node can significantly relieve the bottleneck and make the network more tightly knit. C1 [Cheng, Maggie X.; Ling, Yi] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Sadler, Brian M.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Cheng, MX (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM chengm@mst.edu; lyz29@mst.edu; brian.m.sadler6.civ@mail.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4673-6432-4 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2015 BP 3696 EP 3701 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE4GT UT WOS:000371708103151 ER PT S AU Wang, SQ Urgaonkar, R Chan, K He, T Zafer, M Leung, KK AF Wang, Shiqiang Urgaonkar, Rahul Chan, Kevin He, Ting Zafer, Murtaza Leung, Kin K. GP IEEE TI Dynamic Service Placement for Mobile Micro-Clouds with Predicted Future Costs SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL London, ENGLAND SP IEEE DE Cloud computing; cost prediction; dynamic scheduling; mobile micro-cloud (MMC); mobility; wireless networks AB Seamless computing and data access is enabled by the emerging technology of mobile micro-clouds (MMCs). Different from traditional centralized clouds, an MMC is typically connected directly to a wireless base-station and provides services to a small group of users, which allows users to have instantaneous access to cloud services. Due to the limited coverage area of base-stations and the dynamic nature of mobile users, network background traffic, etc., the question of where to place the services to cope with these dynamics arises. In this paper, we focus on dynamic service placement for MMCs. We consider the case where there is an underlying mechanism to predict the future costs of service hosting and migration, and the prediction error is assumed to be bounded. Our goal is to find the optimal service placement sequence which minimizes the average cost over a given time. To solve this problem, we first propose a method which solves for the optimal placement sequence for a specific look-ahead time-window, based on the predicted costs in this time-window. We show that this problem is equivalent to a shortest-path problem and propose an algorithm with polynomial time-complexity to find its solution. Then, we propose a method to find the optimal look-ahead window size, which minimizes an upper bound of the average cost. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by simulations with real-world user-mobility traces. C1 [Wang, Shiqiang; Leung, Kin K.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London, England. [Urgaonkar, Rahul; He, Ting] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. [Chan, Kevin] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Zafer, Murtaza] Nyansa Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Wang, SQ (reprint author), Imperial Coll London, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London, England. EM shiqiang.wang11@imperial.ac.uk; rurgaon@us.ibm.com; kevin.s.chan.civ@mail.mil; the@us.ibm.com; murtaza.zafer.us@ieee.org; kin.leung@imperial.ac.uk NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4673-6432-4 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2015 BP 5504 EP 5510 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE4GT UT WOS:000371708105121 ER PT S AU Cheng, MX Ye, QM Cheng, XC Erbacher, RF AF Cheng, Maggie X. Ye, Quanmin Cheng, Xiaochun Erbacher, Robert F. GP IEEE TI Network Coding and Coding-Aware Scheduling for Multicast in Wireless Networks SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL London, ENGLAND SP IEEE AB Network coding is a network layer technique to improve transmission efficiency. Coding packets is especially beneficial in a wireless environment where the demand for radio spectrum is high. However, to fully realize the benefits of network coding two challenging issues that must be addressed are: (1) Guaranteeing separation of coded packets at the destination, and (2) Mitigating the extra coding/decoding delay. If the destination has all the needed packets to decode a coded packet, then separation failure can be averted. If the scheduling algorithm considers the arrival time of coding pairs, then the extra delay can be mitigated. In this paper, we develop a network coding method to address these two issues, i.e., decodability and delay, for multi-source multi-destination unicast and multicast sessions. We use linear programming to find the most efficient coding design solution with guaranteed decodability. To reduce network relay, we develop a scheduling algorithm to minimize the extra coding/decoding delay and store-and-forward delay. Our coding design method and scheduling algorithm are validated through experiments. Simulation results show improved transmission efficiency and reduced network delay. C1 [Cheng, Maggie X.; Ye, Quanmin] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Cheng, Xiaochun] Middlesex Univ, London N17 8HR, England. [Erbacher, Robert F.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Cheng, MX (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM chengm@mst.edu; qy4y4@mst.edu; x.cheng@mdx.ac.uk; robert.erbacher@gmail.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4673-6432-4 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2015 BP 5703 EP 5708 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE4GT UT WOS:000371708105153 ER PT B AU Cook, ML AF Cook, Martin L. BE Johnson, JT Patterson, ED TI The Role of the Military in the Decision to Use Armed Force SO ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION TO MILITARY ETHICS SE Justice International Law and Global Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In a modern democratic state under rule of law, military forces are clearly subordinate to civilian governments. Elected leaders have the authority and bear the responsibility to make decisions regarding the appropriateness of the use of military force to address political issues. In reality, however, healthy civil-military relations and the most successful deliberations about when to use force involve professional military advice on many aspects of those decisions. This chapter explores the many aspects of jus ad bellum deliberation where military perspectives, advice, and judgment are critical to ensuring that civilian decision makers make the best possible judgments on these matters. C1 [Cook, Martin L.] US Naval War Coll, Profess Mil Eth, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Cook, Martin L.] US Air Force Acad, Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Cook, Martin L.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Cook, Martin L.] US Army War Coll, Eth, Carlisle, PA USA. [Cook, Martin L.] US Army War Coll, Mil Studies, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Cook, ML (reprint author), US Naval War Coll, Profess Mil Eth, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4724-1629-2; 978-1-4724-1628-5 J9 JUST INT LAW GLOB PY 2015 BP 49 EP 57 PG 9 WC Ethics; Political Science SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law GA BE2ZT UT WOS:000370362700006 ER PT S AU Mitchell, D Hudson, D Post, R Bell, P Williams, RB AF Mitchell, Donna Hudson, Darren Post, Riley Bell, Patrick Williams, Ryan B. BE Schmitz, A Kennedy, PL Schmitz, TG TI Food Security and Conflict SO FOOD SECURITY IN AN UNCERTAIN WORLD: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SE Frontiers of Economics and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Food security; conflict; water scarcity ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CIVIL-WAR; ECONOMIC SHOCKS; ARMED CONFLICT; MIGRATION; POVERTY; INCREASE; DROUGHT; AFRICA; MALI AB Purpose - The objective of this chapter is to discuss the pathways between climate, water, food, and conflict. Areas that are exhibiting food insecurity or have the potential to be food insecure are typically located in areas that experience poverty and government corruption. Higher rates of conflict occur in areas with lower caloric intake and poor nutrition. Methodology/approach - We identify key pathways between these variables and discuss intervening factors and compound effects. Findings - The pathways between water, food security, and conflict are complicated and are influenced by many intervening factors. A critical examination of the literature and an in-depth analysis of the reasons for conflict suggest that food insecurity is a multiplier, or facilitator, of the opportunities for and benefits from conflict. Practical implications - To most effectively reduce the risks of conflict, policies must adequately and simultaneously address each of the four dimensions of food security - availability, stability, utilization, and access. Careful attention to alleviating food insecurity will help alleviate some of the underlying rationale for conflict. C1 [Mitchell, Donna; Hudson, Darren; Williams, Ryan B.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Post, Riley] US Special Operat Command Cent USSOCCENT, Macdill Afb, FL USA. [Bell, Patrick] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Mitchell, D (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM donna.m.mitchell@ttu.edu; darren.hudson@ttu.edu; ryan.b.williams@ttu.edu; patrick.bell@usma.edu; ryan.b.williams@ttu.edu NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 10 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 1574-8715 BN 978-1-78560-212-2; 978-1-78560-213-9 J9 FRONT ECON GLOBAL PY 2015 VL 15 BP 211 EP 225 DI 10.1108/S1574-871520150000015022 D2 10.1108/S1574-8715201515 PG 15 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA BE2WZ UT WOS:000370165700014 ER PT J AU Georgiou, T El Abbadi, A Yan, XF George, J AF Georgiou, Theodore El Abbadi, Amr Yan, Xifeng George, Jemin BE Pei, J Silvestri, F Tang, J TI Mining Complaints for Traffic-Jam Estimation: A Social Sensor Application SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN SOCIAL NETWORKS ANALYSIS AND MINING (ASONAM 2015) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM) CY AUG 25-28, 2015 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, ACM SIGKDD, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE TCDE, Springer, Cisco, Telecom ParisTech AB Physical events in the real world are known to trigger reactions and then discussions in online social media. Mining these reactions through online social sensors offers a fast and low cost way to understand what is happening in the physical world. In some cases, however, further study of the affected population's emotional state can improve this understanding. In our study we analyzed how car commuters react on Twitter while stuck in heavy traffic. We discovered that the online social footprint does not necessarily follow a strict linear correlation with the volume of a traffic jam. Through our analysis we offer a potential explanation: people's mood could be an additional factor, apart from traffic severity itself, that leads in fluctuations of the observed reaction in social media. This finding can be important for social sensing applications where external factors, like sentiment, also contribute on how humans react. We propose a novel traffic-congestion estimation model that utilizes the volume of messages and complaints in online social media, based on when they happen. We show through experimental evaluation that the proposed model can estimate, with higher accuracy, traffic jam severity and compare the results with several baselines. The model achieves at least 38% improvement of absolute error and more than 45% improvement of relative error, when compared with a baseline that assumes linear correlation between traffic and social volume. To support our findings we combined data from the California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS) and Twitter, for a total of 6 months, and focused on a major traffic-heavy freeway in Los Angeles, California. C1 [Georgiou, Theodore; El Abbadi, Amr; Yan, Xifeng] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [George, Jemin] US Army Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Georgiou, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM teogeorgiou@cs.ucsb.edu; amr@cs.ucsb.edu; xyan@cs.ucsb.edu; jemin.george.civ@mail.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-3854-7 PY 2015 BP 330 EP 335 DI 10.1145/2808797.2809404 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BE4JN UT WOS:000371793500046 ER PT S AU Suri, N Morelli, A Kovach, J Sadler, L Winkler, R AF Suri, Niranjan Morelli, Alessandro Kovach, Jesse Sadler, Laurel Winkler, Robert GP IEEE TI Agile Computing Middleware Support for Service-oriented Computing over Tactical Networks SO 2015 IEEE 81ST VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (VTC SPRING) SE IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 81st IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring) CY MAY 11-14, 2015 CL Univ Strathclyde, Technol Innovat Ctr, Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP IEEE, Freescale Semicond Inc, IEEE Vehicular Technol Soc HO Univ Strathclyde, Technol Innovat Ctr DE Tactical Networks; Disconnected; Intermittent; and Limited Networks; Communications Middleware; Transport Protocols; Dissemination Services; Network Proxy AB Service-oriented architectures (SoAs) are a popular paradigm for enterprise and data center computing but normally do not perform well on tactical networks, which are often degraded in terms of bandwidth, reliability, latency, and connectivity. This paper presents the agile computing middleware and in particular a transparent network proxy and associated protocols that help address the impedance mismatch that occurs between SoAs and tactical and DIL (Disconnected, Intermittent, and Limited) networks. C1 [Suri, Niranjan; Morelli, Alessandro] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL USA. [Suri, Niranjan; Kovach, Jesse; Sadler, Laurel; Winkler, Robert] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Morelli, Alessandro] Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. RP Suri, N (reprint author), Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-2252 BN 978-1-4799-8088-8 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2015 PG 5 WC Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Telecommunications; Transportation GA BE3YZ UT WOS:000371404700088 ER PT S AU Nguyen, LH Tran, TD AF Nguyen, Lam H. Tran, Trac D. GP IEEE TI ESTIMATION AND EXTRACTION OF RADIO-FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE FROM ULTRA-WIDEBAND RADAR SIGNALS SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Milan, ITALY SP IEEE DE Sparsity; radar imaging; synthetic aperture; radio-frequency interference; ultra-wideband ID RFI SUPPRESSION AB This paper presents a simple adaptive framework for robust separation and extraction of multiple sources of radio-frequency interference (RFI) from raw ultra-wideband (UWB) radar signals in challenging bandwidth management environments. RFI sources pose critical challenges for UWB systems since (i) RFI often occupies a wide range of the radar's operating frequency spectrum; (ii) RFI might have significant power; and (iii) RFI signals are difficult to predict and model due to their non-stationary nature as well as the complexity of various communication devices. Our proposed framework involves a standard RFI detection step that operates directly on previously-collected contaminated radar signals to identify RFI-dominant frequency sub-bands. This vital information is then applied to construct an RFI dictionary with various sinusoidal patterns spanning these RFI bands. We then employ a sparsity-driven optimization to estimate and then extract RFI from the received radar signals. Our method can be considered as a de-noising preprocessing stage for raw radar signals prior to image formation and other follow-up tasks. Recovery results from extensive simulated as well as real-world UWB synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data sets illustrate the robustness and effectiveness of our framework. C1 [Nguyen, Lam H.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Tran, Trac D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Nguyen, LH (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM lam.h.nguyen2.civ@mail.mil; trac@jhu.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-7929-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2015 BP 2848 EP 2851 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BE4GM UT WOS:000371696702239 ER PT S AU Lu, BY Nasrabadi, NM AF Lu, Boyu Nasrabadi, Nasser M. GP IEEE TI TASK-DRIVEN DICTIONARY LEARNING WITH DIFFERENT LAPLACIAN PRIORS FOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATION SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Milan, ITALY SP IEEE DE task-driven dictionary learning; Laplacian sparsity; hyperspectral imagery classification AB Task-driven dictionary learning (TDDL) has shown great success in many classification applications. However, the performance of TDDL is limited by the challenging properties of hyperspectral images (HSI). Fortunately, previous research has made significant progress in HSI classification by enforcing various structured sparsity constraints (priors) on the TDDL-based model. In this paper, we extend some previous work by relaxing the structured sparsity priors and make the model become more flexible and powerful. Specifically, we add class label Laplacian sparsity constraints in two different places, either on the sparse code or on the classifier outputs. Experimental results on widely used datasets shown improvement in performance compared to current state-of-the-art approaches. C1 [Lu, Boyu] Univ Maryland, Ctr Automat Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nasrabadi, Nasser M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Lu, BY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Automat Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-7929-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2015 BP 2868 EP 2871 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BE4GM UT WOS:000371696702244 ER PT S AU Rosario, D Romano, J AF Rosario, Dalton Romano, Joao GP IEEE TI TYPICAL DATA MODELS ARE INADEQUATE FOR HYPERTEMPORAL IMAGERY SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Milan, ITALY SP IEEE DE Persistent imaging; longwave infrared AB We highlight challenges associated with using conventional pattern recognition methods to test imagery from a persistent longwave infrared remote sensing experiment, where material surface emissivity and temperature among other factors dominate the apparent radiance observed at the sensor. We also propose a superior data model for the task. C1 [Rosario, Dalton] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Romano, Joao] Arrny Armament RDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Rosario, D (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-7929-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2015 BP 3691 EP 3694 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BE4GM UT WOS:000371696703198 ER PT S AU Gurram, P Kwon, H Davidson, C AF Gurram, Prudhvi Kwon, Heesung Davidson, Charles GP IEEE TI SHAPELY VALUE BASED RANDOM SUBSPACE SELECTION FOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATION SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Milan, ITALY SP IEEE AB In this paper, an algorithm to randomly select feature sub-spaces for hyperspectral image classification using the principle of coalition game theory is presented. The feature selection algorithms associated with non-linear kernel based Support Vector Machines (SVM) are either NP-hard or greedy and hence, not very optimal. To deal with this problem, a metric based on the principles of coalition game theory called Shapely value and a sampling approximation is used to determine the contributions of individual features towards the classification task. Feature subsets are randomly drawn from a probability distribution function generated using normalized Shapely values of the individual features. These feature subsets are then used to build kernels corresponding to individual weak classifiers in the Sparse Kernel-based Ensemble Learning (SKEL) framework. By weighting the kernels optimally and sparsely, a small number of useful subsets of features are selected which improve the generalization performance of the ensemble classifier. The algorithm is applied on real hyperspectral datasets and the results are presented in the paper. C1 [Gurram, Prudhvi; Kwon, Heesung] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Davidson, Charles] Sci & Technol Corp, Edgewood, MD 21040 USA. RP Gurram, P (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-7929-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2015 BP 4975 EP 4978 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BE4GM UT WOS:000371696705011 ER PT S AU Anders, MA Lenahan, PM Lelis, AJ AF Anders, M. A. Lenahan, P. M. Lelis, A. J. GP IEEE TI Negative Bias Instability in 4H-SiC MOSFETS: Evidence for Structural Changes in the SiC SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS) SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY APR 19-23, 2015 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE NBTI; SiC; MOSFETs; magnetic resonance ID DETECTED MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POWER MOSFETS AB The negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) has been investigated for quite some time in Si based MOSFETs. In these MOSFETs, the response has been interpreted in several ways, primarily in terms of the reaction diffusion model and newer model based on the occupation of a near interface oxide hole trap triggering the generation of silicon dielectric interface traps. SiC based MOSFETs have enormous promise for high power and high temperature applications. Consequently, device performance at elevated temperatures of these devices is a topic of great current interest. We have begun a magnetic resonance based study of NBTI in 4H-SiC devices and find, among other things, that elevated temperature and negative gate bias generates structural changes (associated with electrically active defects) within the SiC. These observations strongly suggest that SiC NBTI is significantly different and likely more complex than the NBTI processes taking place in silicon based devices. However, other observations suggest that one aspect of NBTI, the occupation of near-interfacial oxide hole traps called E' centers, takes place in both systems. C1 [Anders, M. A.; Lenahan, P. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 227 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lelis, A. J.] US Army Res Lab, Power Components Branch, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Anders, MA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 227 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM maa5297@psu.edu; pmlesm@engr.psu.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 978-1-4673-7362-3 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2015 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE4LL UT WOS:000371888900051 ER PT S AU Robinson, RM Lee, H McCourt, MJ Marathe, AR Kwon, H Tone, C Nothwang, WD AF Robinson, Ryan M. Lee, Hyungtae McCourt, Michael J. Marathe, Amar R. Kwon, Heesung Tone, Chau Nothwang, William D. GP IEEE TI Human-Autonomy Sensor Fusion for Rapid Object Detection SO 2015 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS) SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2015 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP IEEE, RSJ, Univ Hamburg, DFG, RA, New Technol Fdn, SICE, KUKA, DJI, Rethink Robot, BOSCH, Chinese Acad Sci, SIAT, Boozhong, Adept, Automatica, HIT, Ascending Technol, OPTOFORCE, DST Robot, BA Syst, Rainbow Robot, SIA, CLEARPATH Robot, Swiss Natl Ctr Competence Res Robot, SINEVA, Dyson, SICK, Robocept, Force Dimension, Open Unit Robot, Luoyang Natl Univ Sci Park, Fuzhou Univ, Synapticon, Google, Technishce Univ Munchen, iRobot, Echord++, Khalifa Univ, Pan Robot, FESTO, Kinova Robot, SCHUNK, ies ID SERIAL VISUAL PRESENTATION; MULTIPLE; EEG AB Human-autonomy sensor fusion is an emerging technology with a wide range of applications, including object detection/recognition, surveillance, collaborative control, and prosthetics. For object detection, humans and computer-vision-based systems employ different strategies to locate targets, likely providing complementary information. However, little effort has been made in combining the outputs of multiple autonomous detectors and multiple human-generated responses. This paper presents a method for integrating several sources of human- and autonomy-generated information for rapid object detection tasks. Human electroencephalography (EEG) and button-press responses from rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) experiments are fused with outputs from trained object detection algorithms. Three fusion methods-Bayesian, Dempster-Shafer, and Dynamic Dempster-Shafer-are implemented for comparison. Results demonstrate that fusion of these human classifiers with computer-vision-based detectors improves object detection accuracy over purely computer-vision-based detection (5% relative increase in mean average precision) and the best individual computer vision algorithm (28% relative increase in mean average precision). Computer vision fused with button press response and/or the XDAWN + Bayesian Linear Discriminant Analysis neural classifier provides considerable improvement, while computer vision fused with other neural classifiers provides little or no improvement. Of the three fusion methods, Dynamic Dempster-Shafer Theory (DDST) Fusion exhibits the greatest performance in this application. C1 [Robinson, Ryan M.; Lee, Hyungtae; Kwon, Heesung; Nothwang, William D.] Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA. [McCourt, Michael J.; Tone, Chau] Univ Florida, Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL USA. [Marathe, Amar R.] Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Robinson, RM (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA. EM ryan.robinson14.ctr@mail.mil; htlee79@gmail.com; mccourt@ufl.edu; amar.marathe.civ@mail.mil; heesung.kwon.civ@mail.mil; chau.t.ton@gmail.com; william.d.nothwang.civ@mail.mil NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-0858 BN 978-1-4799-9994-1 J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT PY 2015 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BE4LI UT WOS:000371885400044 ER PT S AU Koppel, A Warnell, G Stump, E Ribeiro, A AF Koppel, Alec Warnell, Garrett Stump, Ethan Ribeiro, Alejandro GP IEEE TI D4L: Decentralized Dynamic Discriminative Dictionary Learning SO 2015 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS) SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2015 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP IEEE, RSJ, Univ Hamburg, DFG, RA, New Technol Fdn, SICE, KUKA, DJI, Rethink Robot, BOSCH, Chinese Acad Sci, SIAT, Boozhong, Adept, Automatica, HIT, Ascending Technol, OPTOFORCE, DST Robot, BA Syst, Rainbow Robot, SIA, CLEARPATH Robot, Swiss Natl Ctr Competence Res Robot, SINEVA, Dyson, SICK, Robocept, Force Dimension, Open Unit Robot, Luoyang Natl Univ Sci Park, Fuzhou Univ, Synapticon, Google, Technishce Univ Munchen, iRobot, Echord++, Khalifa Univ, Pan Robot, FESTO, Kinova Robot, SCHUNK, ies ID SPARSE REPRESENTATION; K-SVD; DECOMPOSITION; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM AB We consider discriminative dictionary learning in a distributed online setting, where a team of networked robots aims to jointly learn both a common basis of the feature space and a classifier over this basis from sequentially observed signals. We formulate this problem as a distributed stochastic program with a non-convex objective and present a block variant of the Arrow-Hurwicz saddle point algorithm to solve it. Only neighboring nodes in the communications network need to exchange information, and we penalize the discrepency between the individual feature basis and classifiers using Lagrange multipliers. The application we consider is for a team of robots to collaboratively recognize objects of interest in dynamic environments. As a preliminary performance benchmark, we consider the problem of learning a texture classifier across a network of robots moving around an urban setting where separate training examples are sequentially observed at each robot. Results are shown for both a standard texture dataset and a new dataset from an urban training facility, and we compare the performance of the standard centralized construction to the new distributed algorithm for the case when distinct samples from all classes are seen by the robots. These experiments yield comparable performance between the decentralized and the centralized cases, demonstrating the proposed method's practical utility. C1 [Koppel, Alec; Ribeiro, Alejandro] Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, 200 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Warnell, Garrett; Stump, Ethan] US Army Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Koppel, A (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, 200 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM akoppel@seas.upenn.edu; garrett.a.warnell.civ@mail.mil; ethan.a.stump2.civ@mail.mil; aribeiro@seas.upenn.edu NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-0858 BN 978-1-4799-9994-1 J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT PY 2015 BP 2966 EP 2973 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BE4LI UT WOS:000371885403020 ER PT S AU Owens, JL Osteen, PR Daniilidis, K AF Owens, Jason L. Osteen, Philip R. Daniilidis, Kostas GP IEEE TI MSG-Cal: Multi-sensor Graph-based Calibration SO 2015 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS) SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2015 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP IEEE, RSJ, Univ Hamburg, DFG, RA, New Technol Fdn, SICE, KUKA, DJI, Rethink Robot, BOSCH, Chinese Acad Sci, SIAT, Boozhong, Adept, Automatica, HIT, Ascending Technol, OPTOFORCE, DST Robot, BA Syst, Rainbow Robot, SIA, CLEARPATH Robot, Swiss Natl Ctr Competence Res Robot, SINEVA, Dyson, SICK, Robocept, Force Dimension, Open Unit Robot, Luoyang Natl Univ Sci Park, Fuzhou Univ, Synapticon, Google, Technishce Univ Munchen, iRobot, Echord++, Khalifa Univ, Pan Robot, FESTO, Kinova Robot, SCHUNK, ies AB We present a system for determining a global solution for the relative poses between multiple sensors with different modalities and varying fields of view. The final calibration result produces a tree of transforms rooted at a single sensor that allows the fusion of the sensor streams into a shared coordinate frame. The method differs from other approaches by handling any number of sensors with only minimal constraints on their fields of view, producing a global solution that is better than any pairwise solution, and by simplifying the data collection process through automatic data association. C1 [Owens, Jason L.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Osteen, Philip R.] Engility Corp, Chantilly, VA USA. [Daniilidis, Kostas] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Owens, JL (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jason.l.owens.civ@mail.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-0858 BN 978-1-4799-9994-1 J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT PY 2015 BP 3660 EP 3667 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BE4LI UT WOS:000371885403123 ER PT S AU Gutstein, S Stump, E AF Gutstein, Steven Stump, Ethan GP IEEE TI Reduction of Catastrophic Forgetting With Transfer Learning and Ternary Output Codes SO 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUL 12-17, 2015 CL Killarney, IRELAND AB Historically, neural nets have learned new things at the cost of forgetting what they already know. This problem is known as 'catastrophic forgetting'. Here, we examine how training a neural net in accordance with latently learned [1] output encodings drastically reduces catastrophic forgetting. Previous approaches to dealing with catastrophic forgetting have tended either to add extra samples to new training sets, modify the training of hidden nodes or model the interaction between short term and long term memory. Our approach is unique in that it both uses transfer learning to mitigate catastrophic forgetting and focuses upon the output nodes of a neural network. This results in a technique that makes it easier rather than harder to learn new tasks while retaining existing knowledge; is architecture independent and trivial to implement on any existing net. Additionally, we examine the use of ternary output codes. Binary codes assign a value to each output bit that may be thought of as either affirmative or negative. Ternary codes allow for the possibility that not every output bit has a meaningful response to every given input. By not forcing each output bit to train for a specific response for each new class, we hope to lessen catastrophic forgetting. C1 [Gutstein, Steven; Stump, Ethan] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Gutstein, S (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM steven.m.gutstein.ctr@mail.mil; ethan.a.stump2.civ@mail.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4799-1959-8 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2015 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3HR UT WOS:000370730600121 ER PT S AU Keller, SD Liu, JT Zaghloul, AI AF Keller, Steven D. Liu, Jinting Zaghloul, Amir I. GP IEEE TI Enhancement of Carbon Nanotube Antenna With Gas Sensor Capabilities Through Chemical Functionalization SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB A meshed carbon nanotube (CNT) thread patch antenna / gas sensor is modeled and simulated to predict the gas detection sensitivity enhancement that may be possible through chemical functionalization of the CNT thread with poly(m-aminobenzene sulfonic acid) (PABS). Previous results have indicated that a basic, untreated meshed CNT thread gas sensor/patch antenna will exhibit a very small frequency shift of similar to 0.2% in the presence of 10,000 ppm concentration of ammonia (NH3). The full-wave simulation results in this paper indicate that application of PABS to the CNT threads that comprise this design will provide a comparable resonant frequency shift in the presence of only 50 ppm concentration of NH3, yielding an improved sensitivity of over 200x. C1 [Keller, Steven D.; Liu, Jinting; Zaghloul, Amir I.] US Army Res Lab, Antennas & RF Technol Integrat Branch, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Keller, SD (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Antennas & RF Technol Integrat Branch, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM steven.d.keller8.civ@mail.mil; liujt23206@gmail.com; amir.i.zaghloul.civ@mail.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 268 EP 269 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401400131 ER PT S AU Dogaru, T Liao, DH AF Dogaru, Traian Liao, DaHan GP IEEE TI A Hybrid FDTD-SIE Approach for Radar Imaging System Simulation SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB This paper describes computer simulations of an ultra-wideband radar imaging system. The system is equipped with a multi-static antenna array and mounted on a forward-moving platform. We consider several target types, placed on ground surface or buried, and clutter from rough surface. This paper introduces a hybrid approach to the implementation of the radar transmitters, by replacing the physical antennas with equivalent currents sheets on a surrounding closed surface. The numerical results consist of large scale radar simulations in the presence of multiple targets embedded in a rough ground environment. C1 [Dogaru, Traian; Liao, DaHan] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Dogaru, T (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 344 EP 345 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401400168 ER PT S AU Arcone, S Breton, D Campbell, S Barrowes, B Lamie, N AF Arcone, Steven Breton, Daniel Campbell, Seth Barrowes, Benjamin Lamie, Nathan GP IEEE TI Surface Wave Propagation over a Rough Talus Slope at 160 MHz SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB Field experiments of air surface wave propagation at 160 MHz were performed on a rough non-conductive dielectric talus slope of granite blocks, all of the same composition. Amplitudes for both vertical and cross polarization were measured meter by meter along linear transects 250 and 500 m long, along with GPS measurements of position and elevation. Attenuation rates for both polarizations were greater for smoother transects, with height standard deviation of about one third free space wavelength, than for rougher transects with up to one wavelength deviation. This unexpected finding resulted from the smoother dielectric surfaces permitting loss of energy into subsurface head waves, as evidenced by the nearly range-squared dependency of the surface waves. The results suggest direct point-to-point communications over rough terrain can be realized over multi-km distances. C1 [Arcone, Steven; Breton, Daniel; Campbell, Seth; Barrowes, Benjamin; Lamie, Nathan] US Army, ERDC CRREL, Hanover, NH USA. RP Arcone, S (reprint author), US Army, ERDC CRREL, Hanover, NH USA. EM Steven.A.Arcone@erdc.dren.mil OI Breton, Daniel/0000-0001-9040-5340 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 568 EP 569 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401400277 ER PT S AU Liao, DH Dogaru, T AF Liao, DaHan Dogaru, Traian GP IEEE TI Large-Scale, Full-Wave Scattering Phenomenology Characterization of Realistic Trees SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB Scattering characterization of realistic tree structures is performed to facilitate the development of low-frequency (P-band) foliage penetration radars. The full-wave analysis approach employs a parallelized three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm deployed on high performance computer systems to simulate the far-field electromagnetic responses of foliage scenes. The scattering behavior of a single tree is first considered as a function of frequency, polarization, signal incidence angle, and structural fidelity, and then large-scale simulations are carried out to examine the responses of a forest stand in both the frequency and imaging domains. The results featured are from the first phase of an ongoing study to investigate the feasibility of applying large-scale electromagnetic simulations to support airborne-based sensing of obscured ground targets. C1 [Liao, DaHan; Dogaru, Traian] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Liao, DH (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 592 EP 593 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401400288 ER PT S AU Weiss, SJ Kahn, WK AF Weiss, Steven J. Kahn, Walter K. GP IEEE TI Arrays of 1-Dimensional Antennas SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB Radiation, reception and scattering by 1-dimensional antennas was described recently. As receiver, such an antenna with resistive load faithfully models a thin resistive sheet. Arrays of two 1-dimensional antennas with various excitations and loads are considered as radiating antennas and receiving antennas. Results include directivity, element efficiency, received and scattered power. C1 [Weiss, Steven J.] US Army Res Lab, Antennas & RF Technol Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Kahn, Walter K.] George Washington Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, SEAS, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Weiss, SJ (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Antennas & RF Technol Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM steven.j.weiss14.civ@mail.mil; wkkahn@gwu.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 649 EP 650 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401400316 ER PT S AU Liao, DH AF Liao, DaHan GP IEEE TI Generalized Three-Dimensional Harmonic Imaging of Buried Nonlinearly Loaded Scatterers SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB Wideband electromagnetic sensing and imaging of buried nonlinearly loaded scatterers is considered. Harmonic scattering theory is first presented, and then a generalized near-field, direct imaging functional is proposed for target localization within the context of downward-looking ground penetrating radar (GPR) detection exploiting sequential single-tone excitation. The developed scattering and sensing analysis framework is illustrated for a canonical scatterer through numerical simulations performed with a hybrid method-of-moments solver integrated with harmonic balance. Three-dimensional subsurface imaging is obtained with a moving linear transceiver array by re-focusing the steady-state harmonic responses received over a two-dimensional synthetic aperture. C1 [Liao, DaHan] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Liao, DH (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 697 EP 698 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401400339 ER PT S AU Verdin, B Debroux, P AF Verdin, Berenice Debroux, Patrick GP IEEE TI Reconstruction of Missing Sections of Radiation Patterns using Compressive Sensing SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB Far field radiation pattern measurement is a key factor in performing antenna characterization. In some cases, the complete radiation pattern is not available. We present a study of the reconstruction of a missing section of antenna patterns. The proposed method uses a compressive sensing algorithm to reconstruct the missing data. The algorithm is based on a sparsity domain of the radiation patterns, in this case the discrete Fourier transform. The analysis is demonstrated by evaluating the proposed algorithm using three different radiation patterns obtained from lambda/2, 3 lambda/2, and 5 lambda/2 length dipole antennas. Results show that the compressive sensing algorithm can reconstruct a missing section up to 45% of the total number of samples. C1 [Verdin, Berenice; Debroux, Patrick] Army Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA. RP Verdin, B (reprint author), Army Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 780 EP 781 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401400381 ER PT S AU Breton, DJ Arcone, SA AF Breton, Daniel J. Arcone, Steven A. GP IEEE TI Radiofrequency Speckle In Mountainous Terrain SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB We report the results of several field experiments to characterize broadband UHF radiofrequency propagation through mountainous terrain and into deep shadow zones. Utilizing an existing digital broadcast television station (center frequency 497 MHz with a standard 6 MHz bandwidth) as our signal source, we performed spectrum analyzer surveys to determine both spatial and spectral characteristics of signals present within deep shadow zones. Directional surveys revealed that RF power within shadow zones arrives primarily via adjacent topographic reflectors and that these reflected signals suffer significant frequency selective fading. Translational surveys within shadow zones showed slow changes in the reflected spectrum for longitudinal translations and rapid spectrum changes for transverse translations. The frequency selective fading and translation direction dependence of the reflected spectra suggest a phenomenon analogous to laser speckle, caused by the coherent scattering of the RF signal from the rough surface of adjacent topographic reflectors. C1 [Breton, Daniel J.; Arcone, Steven A.] US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Signature Phys Branch, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Breton, DJ (reprint author), US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Signature Phys Branch, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM daniel.j.breton@usace.army.mil OI Breton, Daniel/0000-0001-9040-5340 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 997 EP 998 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401401054 ER PT S AU Palreddy, S Zaghloul, AI Anthony, TK AF Palreddy, Sandeep Zaghloul, Amir I. Anthony, Theodore K. GP IEEE TI Spiral Antenna on Broadband Uniform-Height Progressive EBG Structure without Vias SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB Spiral antennas work over broadband, but conventional EBG structures work over narrow frequency band. Bandwidth of EBG structures can be increased by cascading EBG vertically in multiple layers or progressively in a single layer. This paper presents a uniform height via-less broadband progressive EBG structure designed for spiral antennas. The design is fabricated and simulated boresight gain and return loss performances are compared against measurements. The effects of feed point soldering to the spiral are also discussed. C1 [Palreddy, Sandeep; Zaghloul, Amir I.] Virginia Tech, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. [Palreddy, Sandeep] ViaSat, Antenna Syst, Duluth, GA 30096 USA. [Zaghloul, Amir I.; Anthony, Theodore K.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Palreddy, S (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. EM sandeep.palreddy@viasat.com; amir.i.zaghloul.civ@mail.mil; theodore.k.anthony.civ@mail.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 1104 EP 1105 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401401106 ER PT S AU Dorsey, WM Zaghloul, AI AF Dorsey, W. Mark Zaghloul, Amir I. GP IEEE TI Hybrid Array Pattern Calculation Technique SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI DE Phased array; dual-band antenna ID FINITE; ELEMENT; BAND AB An array analysis technique is presented that uses nine embedded element patterns to approximate all embedded element patterns. The hybrid technique avoids shortcomings of other common approaches that use a single embedded element approximation, while also providing significant time/computational savings compared to exact approaches including simulations and/or measurements of all embedded element patterns. The technique is then applied to an array of dual-circularly polarized antenna elements. C1 [Dorsey, W. Mark] US Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zaghloul, Amir I.] US Army Res Lab, SEDD, Antennas & RF Technol Integrat Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dorsey, WM (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wmdorsey@vt.edu; amir.i.zaghloul.civ@mail.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 2503 EP 2504 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401402268 ER PT S AU Shan, ZY Neamtiu, I Qian, ZY Torrieri, D AF Shan, Zhiyong Neamtiu, Iulian Qian, Zhiyun Torrieri, Don GP IEEE TI Proactive Restart as Cyber Maneuver for Android SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE AB Moving-target defense is an effective strategy for deflecting cyber attacks. The widespread use of smartphones in the tactical field requires novel ways of securing smartphones against an ever-increasing number of zero-day attacks. We propose a new, proactive approach for securing smartphone apps against certain classes of attacks. We leverage smartphone's native support for quick and lossless restarts to make application restart a cyber maneuver meant to deflect and confuse attackers. We propose a time-series entropy metric to quantify attack resilience. We apply our approach to 12 popular Android apps chosen from a variety of domains, including online banking and shopping. Preliminary experiments with using proactive restarts on these apps show that restart is a promising way of increasing attack resilience for a certain class of side-channel attacks named Activity Inference attacks. C1 [Shan, Zhiyong; Neamtiu, Iulian; Qian, Zhiyun] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Torrieri, Don] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shan, ZY (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM zhiyong@cs.ucr.edu; neamtiu@cs.ucr.edu; zhiyunq@cs.ucr.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200004 ER PT S AU Marvel, LM Brown, S Neamtiu, I Harang, R Harman, D Henz, B AF Marvel, Lisa M. Brown, Scott Neamtiu, Iulian Harang, Richard Harman, David Henz, Brian GP IEEE TI A Framework to Evaluate Cyber Agility SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE Cyber Security; Computer Network Defense; Computer Network Operations AB In this paper, we propose a framework to help evaluate the cost and utility of cyber agility maneuvers within networks that have constrained resources such as bandwidth and energy (e.g., MANETs). Many new methods of cyber agility and defensive maneuvers have been proposed; however, a framework to evaluate cost and utility of these maneuvers in the context of mission success is lacking. We outline preliminary considerations such as mission goals, operating conditions and maneuvers to be evaluated. Then, we introduce notional measures of health, security and capability and their interrelationship resulting in an initial framework design. A simple defensive cyber operation of securing a critical communication path for some time duration, both with and without the presence of a detected infection, is provided to illustrate the framework components and mission considerations that must be made before selecting a sequence of maneuvers. C1 [Marvel, Lisa M.; Harang, Richard; Harman, David; Henz, Brian] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Brown, Scott] Secure Miss Solut, N Charleston, SC 29406 USA. [Neamtiu, Iulian] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Marvel, LM (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM lisa.m.marvel.civ@mail.mil; neamtiu@cs.ucr.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200006 ER PT S AU Liu, C He, T Swami, A Towsley, D Salonidis, T Bejan, AI Yu, P AF Liu, Chang He, Ting Swami, Ananthram Towsley, Don Salonidis, Theodoros Bejan, Andrei Iu. Yu, Paul GP IEEE TI Multicast vs. Unicast for Loss Tomography on Tree Topologies SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE ID NETWORK; INFERENCE AB Loss tomography using multicast measurements and using unicast measurements have been investigated separately. In this paper we compare the performance of the two methods on tree structures. We prove identifiability of unicast measurements on tree structures with no degree-2 nodes. To theoretically compare multicast and unicast, we develop an observation model for multicast on trees and derive expressions for calculating the Fisher Information Matrix. We apply optimal experiment design for unicast on trees and develop a simple and insightful solution. Using a packet level simulator, we evaluated and compared the per-link MSE of multicast and unicast under varying parameter settings including link weights, link success rates and tree size. The results show that in contrast to the general belief that multicast always outperforms unicast, unicast can outperform multicast under tight constraint on the probing budget, especially in terms of a weighted average of per-link MSEs. On the other hand, multicast achieves more consistent performance with respect to varying link success rates or tree size. C1 [Liu, Chang; Towsley, Don] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [He, Ting; Salonidis, Theodoros] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. [Swami, Ananthram; Yu, Paul] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Bejan, Andrei Iu.] Smith Inst Ind Math & Syst Engn, Harwell, Berks, England. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM cIiu@cs.umass.edu; the@us.ibm.com; ananthram.swami@mail.mil; towsley@cs.umass.edu; tsaloni@us.ibm.com; andrei.bejan@smithinst.co.uk; paul.l.yu.civ@mail.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 312 EP 317 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200053 ER PT S AU Lageman, N Lindsey, M Glodek, W AF Lageman, Nathaniel Lindsey, Mark Glodek, William GP IEEE TI Detecting Malicious Android Applications from Runtime Behavior SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE AB As of 2011, the Android market has already surpassed the Apple App Store in number of applications. Along with this increase in applications, also comes an increase in number of malicious applications. In response, there has been extensive research done with behavioral analysis and detection methods using system calls, CPU usage, and anomaly-based detection. In this paper, we extend upon these previous works by using logcat and strace outputs to generate runtime datasets of both malicious and benign applications. Using these datasets, we generate feature sets to be used for classification. We test the effectiveness of both a Random Forest classifier and a Support Vector Machine on this feature set. We see the Random Forest classifier perform well with true positive rates exceeding 90% while maintaining a false positive rate less than 6%. C1 [Lageman, Nathaniel; Lindsey, Mark] Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Glodek, William] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Lageman, N (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM njl5114@cse.psu.edu; mrl5307@cse.psu.edu; william.j.glodek.civ@mail.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 324 EP 329 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200055 ER PT S AU Celik, ZB Walls, RJ McDaniel, P Swami, A AF Celik, Z. Berkay Walls, Robert J. McDaniel, Patrick Swami, Ananthram GP IEEE TI Malware Traffic Detection using Tamper Resistant Features SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE AB This paper presents a framework for evaluating the transport layer feature space of mal ware heartbeat traffic. We utilize these features in a prototype detection system to distinguish malware traffic from traffic generated by legitimate applications. In contrast to previous work, we eliminate features at risk of producing overly optimistic detection results, detect previously unobserved anomalous behavior, and rely only on tamper-resistant features making it difficult for sophisticated mal ware to avoid detection. Further, we characterize the evolution of malware evasion techniques over time by examining the behavior of 16 malware families. In particular, we highlight the difficultly of detecting mal ware that use traffic-shaping techniques to mimic legitimate traffic. C1 [Celik, Z. Berkay; Walls, Robert J.; McDaniel, Patrick] Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Swami, Ananthram] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Celik, ZB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM zbc102@cse.psu.edu; rjwalls@cse.psu.edu; mcdaniel@cse.psu.edu; ananthram.swami.civ@mail.mil NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 330 EP 335 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200056 ER PT S AU Morris-King, J Cam, H AF Morris-King, James Cam, Hasan GP IEEE TI Ecology-Inspired Cyber Risk Model for Propagation of Vulnerability Exploitation in Tactical Edge SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE Tactical edge network; Agent-based simulation; Ecological modeling; Epidemic system; Risk propagation AB A multitude of cyber vulnerabilities on the tactical edge arise from the mix of network infrastructure, physical hardware and software, and individual user-behavior. Because of the inherent complexity of socio-technical systems, most models of tactical cyber assurance omit the non-physical influence propagation between mobile systems and users. This omission leads to a question: how can the flow of influence across a network act as a proxy for assessing the propagation of risk? Our contribution toward solving this problem is to introduce a dynamic, adaptive ecosystem-inspired model of vulnerability exploitation and risk flow over a tactical network. This model is based on ecological characteristics of the tactical edge, where the heterogeneous characteristics and behaviors of human-machine systems enhance or degrade mission risk in the tactical environment. Our approach provides an in-depth analysis of vulnerability exploitation propagation and risk flow using a multi-agent epidemic model which incorporates user-behavior and mobility as components of the system. This user-behavior component is expressed as a time-varying parameter driving a multi-agent system. We validate this model by conducting a synthetic battlefield simulation, where performance results depend mainly on the level of functionality of the assets and services. The composite risk score is shown to be proportional to infection rates from the Standard Epidemic Model. C1 [Morris-King, James; Cam, Hasan] US Army Res Lab, Network Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Morris-King, J (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Network Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 336 EP 341 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200057 ER PT S AU Aqil, A Atya, AOF Jaeger, T Krishnamurthy, SV Levitt, K McDaniel, PD Rowe, J Swami, A AF Aqil, Azeem Atya, Ahmed O. F. Jaeger, Trent Krishnamurthy, Srikanth V. Levitt, Karl McDaniel, Patrick D. Rowe, Jeff Swami, Ananthram GP IEEE TI Detection of Stealthy TCP-based DoS Attacks SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE AB Denial of service (DoS) attacks are among the most crippling of network attacks because they are easy to orchestrate and usually cause an immediate shutdown of whatever resource is targeted. Today's intrusion detection systems check if specific single scalar features exceed a threshold to determine if a specific TCP-based DoS attack is underway. To defeat such systems we demonstrate that an attacker can simply launch a combination of attack threads, each of which on its own does not break a system down but together can be very potent. We demonstrate that such attacks cannot be detected by simple threshold based statistical anomaly detection techniques that are used in today's intrusion detection systems. We argue that an effective way to detect such attacks is by jointly considering multiple features that are affected by such attacks. Based on this, we identify a possible set of such features and design a new detection approach that jointly examines these features with regards to whether each exceeds a high threshold or is below a low threshold. We demonstrate that this approach is extremely effective in detecting stealthy DoS attacks; the true positive rate is close to 100 % and the false positive rate is decreased by about 66 % as compared to traditional detectors. C1 [Aqil, Azeem; Atya, Ahmed O. F.; Krishnamurthy, Srikanth V.] UC Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Swami, Ananthram] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Levitt, Karl; Rowe, Jeff] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Jaeger, Trent; McDaniel, Patrick D.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Aqil, A (reprint author), UC Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM aaqil001@cs.ucr.edu; afath001@cs.ucr.edu; tjaeger@cse.psu.edu; krish@cs.ucr.edu; levitt@cs.ucdavis.edu; mcdaniel@cse.psu.edu; rowe@cs.ucdavis.edu; ananthram.swami.civ@mail.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 348 EP 353 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200059 ER PT S AU Manso, M Calero, JMA Barz, C Bloebaum, TH Chan, K Jansen, N Johnsen, FT Markarian, G Meiler, PP Owens, I Sliwa, J Wang, Q AF Manso, Marco Calero, Jose Maria Alcaraz Barz, Christoph Bloebaum, Trude Hafsoe Chan, Kevin Jansen, Norman Johnsen, Frank Trethan Markarian, Garik Meiler, Peter-Paul Owens, Ian Sliwa, Joanna Wang, Qi GP IEEE TI SOA and Wireless Mobile Networks in the Tactical Domain: Results from Experiments SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE Land mobile radio; Mobile nodes; SOA; Web services; Wireless mesh networks; Tactical SOA Profile AB The NATO research task group IST-118 titled "SOA recommendations for disadvantaged grids in the tactical domain" is addressing the challenge of implementing the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm at the tactical level by providing guidance and best practices in the form of a Tactical SOA Profile. The group will conduct identification and feasibility assessments of possible improvements of the Tactical SOA Profile, over a series of live and emulated experiments. In this paper, we describe our first experiments in applying SOA Web services to mobile nodes that are connected using Wireless Broadband Mobile Networks (WBMN) in the tactical domain. The experiments involved components provided by various nations, including radio hardware equipment, the Publish/Subscribe messaging service and NATO Friendly Force Information (NFFI) (as our functional service). We measured the system performance at service and physical (radio) levels in the presence of network disruption. We conclude by presenting the results of the experiments and a view of future work. C1 [Manso, Marco; Markarian, Garik] Rinicom Ltd, Lancaster, England. [Calero, Jose Maria Alcaraz; Wang, Qi] Univ West Scotland, London, England. [Barz, Christoph; Jansen, Norman] Fraunhofer FKIE, Wachtberg, Germany. [Bloebaum, Trude Hafsoe; Johnsen, Frank Trethan] Forsvarets Forskningsinst FFI, Oslo, Norway. [Chan, Kevin] Army Res Lab, New York, NY USA. [Meiler, Peter-Paul] TNO Def Netherlands, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Owens, Ian] Cranfield Def & Secur, Cranfield, Beds, England. [Sliwa, Joanna] Mil Commun Inst Poland, Warsaw, Poland. RP Manso, M (reprint author), Rinicom Ltd, Lancaster, England. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 593 EP 598 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200100 ER PT S AU Chen, IR Mitchell, R Cho, JH AF Chen, Ing-Ray Mitchell, Robert Cho, Jin-Hee GP IEEE TI On Modeling of Adversary Behavior and Defense for Survivability of Military MANET Applications SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE mobile ad hoc networks; reliability; adversary modeling; defense behavior modeling; survivability ID AD HOC NETWORKS; ADMISSION CONTROL ALGORITHMS; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; TRUST MANAGEMENT; FORWARDING STRATEGIES; LOCATION MANAGEMENT; INTRUSION DETECTION; MULTIMEDIA SERVERS; MOBILE NETWORKS; OPTIMIZATION AB In this paper we develop a methodology and report preliminary results for modeling attack/defense behaviors for achieving high survivability of military mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Our methodology consists of 3 steps. The first step is to model adversary behavior of capture attackers and inside attackers which can dynamically and adaptively trigger the best attack strategies while avoiding detection and eviction. The second step is to model defense behavior of defenders utilizing intrusion detection and tolerance strategies to reactively and proactively counter dynamic adversary behavior. We leverage game theory to model attack/defense dynamics with the players being the attackers/defenders, the actions being the attack/defense strategies identified, and the payoff for each outcome being related to system survivability. The 3rd and final step is to identify and apply proper solution techniques that can effectively and efficiently analyze attack/defense dynamics as modeled by game theory for guiding the creation of effective defense strategies for assuring high survivability in military MANETs. The end product is a tool that is capable of analyzing a myriad of attacker behaviors and seeing the effectiveness of countering adaptive defense strategies which incorporate attack/defense dynamics. C1 [Chen, Ing-Ray] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Mitchell, Robert] Sandia Natl Labs, Cybersecur Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Cho, Jin-Hee] US Army Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Cho, JH (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM irchen@vt.edu; rrmitche@vt.edu; jinhee.cho@us.army.mil NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 629 EP 634 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200106 ER PT S AU Chan, KS Cho, JH Trout, T Wampler, J Toth, A Rivera, B AF Chan, Kevin S. Cho, Jin-Hee Trout, Theron Wampler, Jason Toth, Andrew Rivera, Brian GP IEEE TI trustd: Trust Daemon Experimental Testbed for Network Emulation SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE ID AD-HOC NETWORKS; MANAGEMENT AB Various trust models have recently been proposed in order to develop trust-based security and/or network services. Although the trust models have been tested through extensive simulation to verify and validate their performance gains, there has been little effort to validate the models using network emulation to provide more realistic network characteristics. In this work, we present trustd, a trust daemon created to provide a capability to evaluate trust in distributed network environments. trustd has been deployed in CORE (Common Open Research Emulator), which enables the system to conduct peer-to-peer trust estimation in a fully distributed emulated network. In this work, we present the architectural framework and implementation details of trustd. In particular, we discuss the process of taking the trust metric theory and implementing it as a UNIX-system daemon providing trust-evaluation services to the system. In addition, we compare our experimental and simulation results and analyze their trends in terms of the accuracy of trust estimation and trust evolution over time in the presence of malicious nodes in the network. C1 [Chan, Kevin S.; Cho, Jin-Hee; Toth, Andrew; Rivera, Brian] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Wampler, Jason] INCA Engn, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Chan, KS (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM kevin.s.chan.civ@mail.mil; jin-hee.cho.civ@mail.mil; theron.t.trout.ctr@mail.mil; jason.wampler@incaeng.com; andrew.j.toth.civ@mail.mil; brian.m.rivera.civ@mail.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 641 EP 646 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200108 ER PT S AU Wang, P Henz, B AF Wang, Peng Henz, Brian GP IEEE TI Antenna Assignment for JALN HCB SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE AB Joint Aerial Layered Network (JALN) could provide crucial communication links when milsatcoms are degraded, or lost. In order to effectively evaluate the network performance of JALN, the Joint Assessment Research/Reference Testbed (JART) modeling of the JALN consists of a scoping model GCM and high fidelity EMANE model. The scoping model GCM performs a coarse analysis of network performance, and provides the network configurations for EMANE. However, there still exist some gaps that the GCM cannot provide all required configurations for EMANE. For example, how can we assign the antennas to JALN High Capacity Backbone (HCB) links where each JALN aircraft has four mounting points for directional antennas? The goal of this work is to develop an optimal antenna assignment algorithm for JALN HCB. Since link availability is the most important metric for JALN HCB, the antenna assignment can be formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem where the objective function is to maximize the link availability of the worst link or to achieve the max-min fairness. Due to NP-hardness of MILP problem, a greedy algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. The obtained antenna assignment can be used as the configuration for EMANE. Numerical experiments are used to show the performance of the MILP and greedy methods. C1 [Wang, Peng; Henz, Brian] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 768 EP 773 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200129 ER PT S AU Talarico, S Valenti, MC Torrieri, D AF Talarico, Salvatore Valenti, Matthew C. Torrieri, Don GP IEEE TI Optimization of an Adaptive Frequency-Hopping Network SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE ID AD-HOC NETWORKS; TRANSMISSION CAPACITY; WIRELESS; INTERFERENCE AB This paper proposes a methodology for optimizing a frequency-hopping network that uses continuous-phase frequency-shift keying and adaptive capacity-approaching channel coding. The optimization takes into account the spatial distribution of the interfering mobiles, Nakagami fading, and lognormal shadowing. It includes the effects of both co-channel interference and adjacent-channel interference, which arises due to spectral-splatter effects. The average network performance depends on the choice of the modulation index, the number of frequency-hopping channels, and the fractional in-band power, which are assumed to be fixed network parameters. The performance of a given transmission depends on the code rate, which is adapted in response to the expected interference to meet a constraint on outage probability. The optimization proceeds by choosing a set of fixed network parameters, drawing the interferers from the spatial distribution, and determining the maximum rate that satisfies the outage constraint. The process is repeated for a large number of network realizations, and the fixed network parameters that maximize the area spectral efficiency are identified. C1 [Talarico, Salvatore; Valenti, Matthew C.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Torrieri, Don] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Talarico, S (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 854 EP 859 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200144 ER PT S AU Lu, Z Wang, C Wei, MK AF Lu, Zhuo Wang, Cliff Wei, Mingkui GP IEEE TI On Detection and Concealment of Critical Roles in Tactical Wireless Networks SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE ID TOMOGRAPHY AB In tactical wireless networks, the one-to-multiple communication model is pervasive due to commanding and control requirements in mission operations. In such networks, the roles of nodes are non-homogeneous; i.e., they are not equally important. This, however, opens a door for an adversary to target important nodes in the network by identifying their roles. In this paper, we investigate an important open question: how to detect and conceal the roles of nodes in tactical wireless networks? Answers to this question are of essential importance to understand how to identify critical roles and prevent them from being the primary targets. We demonstrate via analysis and simulations that it is feasible and even accurate to identify critical roles of nodes by looking at network traffic patterns. To provide countermeasures against role detection, we propose role concealment methods based on proactive network strategies. We use simulations to evaluate the effectiveness and costs of the role concealment methods. C1 [Lu, Zhuo] Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Wang, Cliff] Army Res Off, Raleigh, NC USA. [Wei, Mingkui] NC State Univ, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM zhuo.lu@memphis.edu; cliff.wang@us.army.mil; mwei2@ncsu.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 909 EP 914 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200153 ER PT S AU Jackson, C Levitt, K Rowe, J Krishnamurthy, S Jaeger, T Swami, A AF Jackson, Conner Levitt, Karl Rowe, Jeff Krishnamurthy, Srikanth Jaeger, Trent Swami, Ananthram GP IEEE TI A Diagnosis Based Intrusion Detection Approach SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE AB We describe preliminary work on a novel detection approach, which we call diagnosis-enabled intrusion detection (DEID), which takes a stream of evidence from multiple sources, aggregates the evidence and uses it to arrive at the "best" explanation for the observed activity. This approach requires the solution of four key scientific challenges: (i) a theory and algorithms for monitor placement that covers all system layers to prevent attackers from evading detection even when launching zero-day attacks; (ii) evidence collection for producing useful aggregated evidence from system actions in real-time without adversely affecting the mission; (iii) a theory of diagnosis detection for filtering and correlating evidence to test hypotheses regarding mission impact, producing both diagnoses and explanations of their causes; and (iv) diagnosis presentation for conveying explanations to domain experts to produce new knowledge to act on previously-unknown attacks effectively and to respond effectively to identified attacks that preserve mission requirements. C1 [Jackson, Conner; Levitt, Karl; Rowe, Jeff] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Krishnamurthy, Srikanth] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Jaeger, Trent] Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Swami, Ananthram] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Jackson, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cjackson@ucdavis.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 929 EP 934 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200156 ER PT S AU Wang, SQ Chan, KV Urgaonkar, R He, T Leung, KK AF Wang, Shiqiang Chan, Kevin Urgaonkar, Rahul He, Ting Leung, Kin K. GP IEEE TI Emulation-Based Study of Dynamic Service Placement in Mobile Micro-Clouds SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE Cloud technologies; edge computing; emulation; mobility; optimization; wireless networks AB Tactical networks are highly constrained in communication and computation resources, particularly at the edge. This limitation can be effectively addressed by the emerging technology of mobile micro-clouds (MMCs) that is aimed at providing seamless computing/data access at the edge of such networks. Deployment of MMCs can enable the delivery of critical, timely, and mission relevant situational awareness to end users in highly dynamic environments. Different from traditional clouds, an MMC is smaller and deployed closer to users, typically attached to a fixed or mobile basestation that is deployed in the field. Due to the relatively small coverage area of each basestation, a mobile user may frequently switch across areas covered by different basestations. An important issue therefore is where to place the service so that acceptable service performance can be maintained, while coping with the user and network dynamics. Existing work has considered this problem mainly from a theoretical angle. In this paper, with the aim of pushing the theoretical results one step closer to practice, we study the performance of dynamic service placement using an emulation framework, namely the Common Open Research Emulator (CORE) which embeds the Extendable Mobile Ad-hoc Network Emulator (EMANE). We first present the system architecture used in the emulation. Then, we present the message exchange and control process between different network entities, as well as methods of deciding where to place the services. Finally, we perform emulation using real-world user mobility traces of San Francisco taxis and present the results. The results show several insightful observations in a realistic network setting, such as the impact of randomness and delay on the service placement performance. C1 [Wang, Shiqiang; Leung, Kin K.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London, England. [Chan, Kevin] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Urgaonkar, Rahul; He, Ting] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. RP Wang, SQ (reprint author), Imperial Coll London, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London, England. EM shiqiang.wang11@imperial.ac.uk; kevin.s.chan.civ@mail.mil; rurgaon@us.ibm.com; the@us.ibm.com; kin.leung@imperial.ac.uk NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 1046 EP 1051 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200175 ER PT S AU Ciftcioglu, EN Chan, KS Urgaonkar, R Wang, SQ He, T AF Ciftcioglu, Ertugrul N. Chan, Kevin S. Urgaonkar, Rahul Wang, Shiqiang He, Ting GP IEEE TI Security-aware Service Migration for Tactical Mobile Micro-Clouds SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE AB Mobile micro-clouds (MMCs), which are small cloud-like infrastructures that can host services for mobile users, provide a promising approach to deliver data and computation to users in low bandwidth/high latency networks. In this work, we take a step towards security-aware service migration for multiple servers for MMC in tactical environments. As a fundamental model, we consider two users sharing a cluster of MMCs and moving between coverage areas of different MMCs according to random walk. We formulate the problem using a finite horizon Markov Decision Process (MDP). Due to the coupling between users due to security (and possibly interference) costs, we observe that the problem is significantly more complex compared with the non-security-aware single user service migration problem studied in the literature, even in the simplest case of two users. Accordingly, we consider efficient control algorithms which aim to minimize time average costs. Particularly, we propose a modified myopic policy which aims to reduce time average costs by steering operation towards settings which would reduce the likelihood of future security cost increases, by proactively keeping the services distant. Our numerical results demonstrate that our modified myopic policy outperforms other policies in terms of average cost for various settings. C1 [Ciftcioglu, Ertugrul N.; Urgaonkar, Rahul; He, Ting] IBM Res, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. [Chan, Kevin S.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Wang, Shiqiang] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. RP Ciftcioglu, EN (reprint author), IBM Res, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. EM enciftci@us.ibm.com; kevin.s.chan.civ@mail.mil; rurgaon@us.ibm.com; shiqiang.wang11@imperial.ac.uk; the@us.ibm.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 1058 EP 1063 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200177 ER PT S AU Torrieri, D Talarico, S Valenti, MC AF Torrieri, Don Talarico, Salvatore Valenti, Matthew C. GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis of Fifth-Generation Cellular Uplink SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE ID TUTORIAL; NETWORKS; LTE; 5G AB Fifth-generation cellular networks are expected to exhibit at least three primary physical-layer differences relative to fourth-generation ones: millimeter-wave propagation, antenna-array directionality, and densification of base stations. In this paper, the effects of these differences on the performance of single-carrier frequency-domain multiple-access uplink systems with frequency hopping are assessed. A new analysis, which is much more detailed than any other in the existing literature and accommodates actual base-station topologies, captures the primary features of uplink communications. Distance-dependent power-law, shadowing, and fading models based on millimeter-wave measurements are introduced. The beneficial effects of base-station densification, highly directional sectorization, and frequency hopping are illustrated. C1 [Torrieri, Don] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Talarico, Salvatore; Valenti, Matthew C.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Torrieri, D (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. OI Valenti, Matthew/0000-0001-6089-0509 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 1206 EP 1211 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200202 ER PT S AU Brown, S Henz, B Brown, H Edwards, M Russell, M Mercurio, J AF Brown, Scott Henz, Brian Brown, Harold Edwards, Michael Russell, Michael Mercurio, Jonathan GP IEEE TI Validation of Network Simulation Model with Emulation using Example Malware SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE AB Under the Cyber Army Modeling and Simulation (CyAMS) program, a model validation was conducted using data from an emulated network for malware propagation to compare against the CyAMS finite state representation of network nodes and processes using behavioral simulation. During the validation process, the finite state machine model was effective in identifying important caveats in the emulation tests. Once the experimental parameters were correctly defined, the CyAMS model and the emulated networks showed similar outcomes. The simulation in this case utilized at most 3 CPU cores, whereas the emulation approach required roughly 2,000 real computers and 14,800 virtual machines. The results highlight the possibility that simulation methods can be as effective as emulation test beds in selected cases. Further, simulation results can be an effective tool to verify the goals of emulation based experiments in some cases. Results demonstrated that several orders of magnitude of less computing resources are required for a simulation compared to emulation for this particular test case. C1 [Brown, Scott] Secure Mission Solut, N Charleston, SC 29406 USA. [Henz, Brian] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Brown, Harold] US Army CERDEC, I2WD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Edwards, Michael] Booz Allen Hamilton, Mclean, VA USA. [Russell, Michael; Mercurio, Jonathan] Lockheed Martin ATL, Cherry Hill, NJ USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), Secure Mission Solut, N Charleston, SC 29406 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 1264 EP 1269 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200211 ER PT S AU Breedy, M Budulas, P Morelli, A Suri, N AF Breedy, Maggie Budulas, Peter Morelli, Alessandro Suri, Niranjan GP IEEE TI Transport Protocols Revisited SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE AB This paper evaluates and compares the performance of various transport protocols over some current tactical radios using different topologies. The four selected transport protocols were TCP, SCTP, UDT, and Mockets. The comparison was done with three different tactically relevant radios - the Harris PRC-117G, the TrellisWare TW-400, and the Persistent Systems WaveRelay MPU4. The results show a surprising amount of variability in performance, and indicate that the Mockets transport protocol provided the best overall performance on two of the three radios used for evaluation. C1 [Breedy, Maggie; Suri, Niranjan] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL USA. [Budulas, Peter; Suri, Niranjan] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Morelli, Alessandro] Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. RP Breedy, M (reprint author), Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 1354 EP 1360 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200225 ER PT S AU Thompson, B Cam, H AF Thompson, Brian Cam, Hasan GP IEEE TI Inferring Pairwise Influence from Encrypted Communication SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE ID ALGORITHM AB Inferring influence in networks from observed communication activity is an important task in contexts such as surveillance, marketing, and cybersecurity. Most existing approaches rely on content or meta-data indicating related activity, rendering those approaches ineffective when such information is unavailable, for example due to encrypted communication. In contrast, we present an efficient algorithm to infer influence between entities that relies only on the times of their individual activity, paying particular attention to the computational challenges posed by large, high-volume networks. We provide theoretical bounds on the recall and runtime of our algorithm relative to characteristics of network structure and dynamics, along with experiments to support our theoretical analysis and validate the effectiveness of our approach. C1 [Thompson, Brian; Cam, Hasan] US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Thompson, B (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM bthompso8784@gmail.com; hasan.cam.civ@mail.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 1367 EP 1372 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200227 ER PT S AU Marcus, K Touma, M Bergamaschi, F AF Marcus, Kelvin Touma, Maroun Bergamaschi, Flavio GP IEEE TI Network Science Collaborative Experimentation Methods and Tools to Accelerate Network Science Innovation Within the ITA and NS-CTA SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE network science; test beds; virtualization; cloud; experimentation AB Network Science research within the ITA and NS-CTA explores the challenges and emerging directions for networked armed forces. This paper presents the justification, methodology and supporting tools built by the alliance to promote deeper collaboration among its members in order to accelerate the pace of research and further connect basic research with Army relevance. Our approach leverages virtualization, dynamic network provisioning and high-fidelity network simulation techniques for modeling, reproducing and extending complex distributed multi-genre network experimentation with research capabilities that can be readily enlisted by the consortium researchers. C1 [Marcus, Kelvin] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Touma, Maroun] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. [Bergamaschi, Flavio] IBM Hursley Lab, Winchester, Hants, England. RP Marcus, K (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM kelvin.m.marcus.civ@mail.mil; touma@us.ibm.com; flavio@uk.ibm.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 1385 EP 1390 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200230 ER PT S AU Hancock, JP Marcus, K AF Hancock, John P. Marcus, Kelvin GP IEEE TI Network Science Experimentation Scale and Composition in a Virtualized Experimentation Environment SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE network science; virtualization; experimentation; simulation; computation architecture AB The Network Science Collaborative Technology Alliance (NS-CTA) conducts multi-genre network science experimentation that attempts to capture the fundamental underlying commonalities across the social, information and communication networks. Due to the complex nature of network science, there exists a broad variance in experimentation requirements in regard to scalability, fidelity and tractability. In response to this diversity, the NS-CTA has leveraged cloud-based virtual experimentation environments to achieve their experimentation goals. In this paper we consider how the network science specific features exposed by the virtualized experimentation environments affect the scaling and composition of simulation based experiment designs. C1 [Hancock, John P.] ArtisTech Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Marcus, Kelvin] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Hancock, JP (reprint author), ArtisTech Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM john@artistech.com; kelvin.m.marcus.civ@mail.mi NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 1391 EP 1396 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200231 ER PT S AU Ciftcioglu, EN Chan, KS Swami, A Cansever, DH Basu, P AF Ciftcioglu, Ertugrul N. Chan, Kevin S. Swami, Ananthram Cansever, Derya H. Basu, Prithwish GP IEEE TI Topology Control for Time-Varying Contested Environments SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE ID NETWORKS AB We consider a problem of topology design and control when some of the links may become unavailable. When a network operates in a contested environment, the operator may wish to alter the network topology to enhance robustness. This may come at the expense of operational costs. We consider a dynamic programming framework where the goal is to minimize time average costs, where costs are the sum of network property cost (e.g. eccentricity), edit costs and maintenance costs. We consider practical low-complexity control algorithms which focus on instantaneous network states. We introduce a horizon-aware modified myopic policy which attempts to reduce average cost by benefiting future costs. We also provide decision rules for different algorithms and characterize expected costs for random hostility models. Our numerical results demonstrate that our modified myopic scheduler outperform other schedulers in terms of average sum cost for various settings. C1 [Ciftcioglu, Ertugrul N.] IBM Res Corp, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Chan, Kevin S.; Swami, Ananthram] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Cansever, Derya H.] Army CERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001 USA. [Basu, Prithwish] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ciftcioglu, EN (reprint author), IBM Res Corp, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM enciftci@us.ibm.com; kevin.s.chan.civ@mail.mil; ananthram.swami.civ@mail.mil; derya.h.cansever.civ@mail.mil; pbasu@bbn.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 1397 EP 1402 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200232 ER PT J AU Hartzell, PJ Gadomski, PJ Glennie, CL Finnegan, DC Deems, JS AF Hartzell, Preston J. Gadomski, Peter J. Glennie, Craig L. Finnegan, David C. Deems, Jeffrey S. TI Rigorous error propagation for terrestrial laser scanning with application to snow volume uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; snow ID DEPTH MEASUREMENTS; SYSTEM AB Estimates of point-cloud positional accuracies in terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) datasets are currently limited to rudimentary combinations of GPS position error and manufacturer precision specifications. However, rigorous error propagation techniques can be applied to the three-dimensional Us points and potentially integrated into software visualization and analysis products. Beyond the immediate value of qualitatively observing the distribution of expected Us errors within a point cloud, rigorously estimated point errors can be further propagated to quantify expected errors in derived products such as point-to-point distance measurements, best-fit planes or volume computations. We review TLS error sources, detail their propagation through a rigid registration and illustrate the application of estimated TLS point errors to propagated snow volume uncertainties for a large and small TLS dataset. The resulting volume errors are of negligible size compared to the volume magnitudes, in no case exceeding 0.007% of the computed snow volume. For a dataset generating a large snow volume, the method of surface representation (e.g. grid or triangulated mesh) was more influential than the estimated TLS point errors on volume uncertainty. This suggests the random errors inherent in TLS measurement techniques are not a limiting factor in achievable snow volume accuracies. C1 [Hartzell, Preston J.; Gadomski, Peter J.; Glennie, Craig L.] Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Gadomski, Peter J.; Finnegan, David C.] US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hartzell, PJ (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM pjhartzell@uh.edu RI Deems, Jeffrey/E-6484-2016 OI Deems, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3265-8670 FU American Avalanche Association; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (ERDC-CRREL) Remote Sensing/GIS Center of Expertise FX The Montezuma lidar data were collected with support from the American Avalanche Association Theo Meiners Research Grant and in collaboration with the Arapahoe Basin Ski Patrol. The Mammoth lidar and snow depth data were provided courtesy of the CRREL/UCSB Eastern Sierra Snow Study Site in cooperation with Mammoth Mountain Ski Area. Support for the first and third authors was provided by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (ERDC-CRREL) Remote Sensing/GIS Center of Expertise. The authors also thank Alexander Prokop and an anonymous reviewer for detailed and constructive comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 6 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2015 VL 61 IS 230 BP 1147 EP 1158 DI 10.3189/2015JoG15J031 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DF9AW UT WOS:000371653600011 ER PT S AU Li, X Solmeyer, N Quraishi, Q AF Li, Xiao Solmeyer, Neal Quraishi, Qudsia GP IEEE TI Quantum Repeater with Quantum Frequency Conversion SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL San Jose, CA ID COMMUNICATION AB We report the progress of a quantum repeater with quantum frequency conversion to telecom wavelengths, which allows for quantum communication over long distances. C1 [Li, Xiao] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solmeyer, Neal; Quraishi, Qudsia] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM xli321@umd.edu; neal.solmeyer.ctr@mail.mil; quraishi.qudsia.civ@mail.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-968-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE3EW UT WOS:000370627101247 ER PT S AU Luk, TS de Ceglia, D Keeler, GA Prasankumar, RP Vincenti, MA Liu, S Scalora, M Sinclair, MB Campione, S AF Luk, Ting S. de Ceglia, Domenico Keeler, Gordon A. Prasankumar, Rohit P. Vincenti, Maria A. Liu, Sheng Scalora, Michael Sinclair, Michael B. Campione, Salvatore GP IEEE TI Third harmonic generation in ultrathin epsilon-near-zero media SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL San Jose, CA ID WAVE-GUIDES AB We demonstrate efficient third harmonic generation from a 21.6nm-thick indium tin oxide film on glass substrate for a pump fundamental wavelength of 1350nm using the field enhancement properties of optical modes supported by epsilon-near-zero media. C1 [Luk, Ting S.; Keeler, Gordon A.; Prasankumar, Rohit P.; Liu, Sheng; Sinclair, Michael B.; Campione, Salvatore] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Luk, Ting S.; Liu, Sheng; Campione, Salvatore] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT SNL, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [de Ceglia, Domenico; Vincenti, Maria A.] Natl Res Council AMRDEC, Charles M Bowden Res Lab, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. [Prasankumar, Rohit P.] Los Alamos Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Scalora, Michael] US Army RDECOM, Charles M Bowden Res Lab, AMRDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Luk, TS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tsluk@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-968-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE3EW UT WOS:000370627102167 ER PT S AU Shensky, WM Shi, JM Ferry, MJ Pritchett, TM AF Shensky, William M., III Shi, Jianmin Ferry, Michael J. Pritchett, Timothy M. GP IEEE TI Tricycloquinazoline-Based Organometallic Compounds for Optical Switching SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL San Jose, CA AB The nonlinear absorption was studied for compounds linking tricycloquinazoline to a number of iridium groups. It was determined that the excited-state cross section was highest for the compound with a single iridium group. C1 [Shensky, William M., III; Shi, Jianmin; Ferry, Michael J.; Pritchett, Timothy M.] US Army Res Lab, Attn RDRL SEE L, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shensky, WM (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Attn RDRL SEE L, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM william.m.shensky.civ@mail.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-968-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE3EW UT WOS:000370627101489 ER PT S AU Stack, D Lee, PJ Quraishi, Q AF Stack, Daniel Lee, Patricia J. Quraishi, Qudsia GP IEEE TI Simple and Efficient Filter for Single Photons from a Cold Atom Quantum Memory SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL San Jose, CA AB Filtering unwanted light signals is critical to the operation of neutral atom quantum memories. The addition of a novel frequency filter increases the non -classical correlations and readout efficiency of our quantum memory by approximate to 35% [1]. C1 [Stack, Daniel; Lee, Patricia J.; Quraishi, Qudsia] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Stack, D (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM daniel.t.stack.ctr@mail.mil; patty.j.lee@alumni.caltech.edu; quraishi.qudsia.civ@mail.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-968-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE3EW UT WOS:000370627101260 ER PT S AU Shamaei, K Cenciarini, M Adams, AA Gregorczyk, KN Schiffman, JM Dollar, AM AF Shamaei, Kamran Cenciarini, Massimo Adams, Albert A. Gregorczyk, Karen N. Schiffman, Jeffrey M. Dollar, Aaron M. GP IEEE TI Effects of Exoskeletal Stiffness in Parallel with the Knee on the Motion of the Human Body Center of Mass during Walking SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 26-30, 2015 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE Lower extremity exoskeleton; Center of Mass; variable-stiffness; knee biomechanics; quasi-passive mechanism ID METABOLIC COST; KINETIC-ANALYSIS; LEG EXOSKELETON; GAIT; ANKLE; MECHANICS; GRAVITY; STANCE; JOINT AB In this paper we investigate effects of the mass, kinematic constraints imposed by the joint, and assistance provided by the spring of a pair of quasi-passive knee exoskeletons on the motion of the human body center of mass during normal walking. The exoskeletons implement a spring in parallel with the knee joint in the weight acceptance phase of gait, and allow free rotation during all other phases. We begin with a brief explanation of the exoskeleton design, which employs a friction-based latching mechanism to engage/disengage a spring in parallel with the knee. Additionally, a pair of joint-less mass replicas of the exoskeletons were used to separately investigate the effects of the exoskeleton added mass and articulation. It was found that the exoskeleton mass is the main contributor to the changes in the motion of the center of mass, with more pronounced fluctuations of the center of mass in the mediolateral direction, while the exoskeleton joint and spring had negligible effects over and above those of the mass. Additionally, the exoskeleton mass and assistance conditions respectively resulted in a non-significant increase and a non-significant decrease in the total mechanical work of the body. C1 [Shamaei, Kamran; Dollar, Aaron M.] Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Cenciarini, Massimo] Neurol Univ Klin Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Adams, Albert A.; Gregorczyk, Karen N.; Schiffman, Jeffrey M.] US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA USA. RP Shamaei, K (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM kamran.shamaei@yale.edu; massimo.cenciarini@uniklinik-freiburg.de; albert.a.adams16.civ@mail.mil; karen.n.gregorczyk.civ@mail.mil; jeffrey.m.schiffman.civ@mail.mil; aaron.dollar@yale.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4799-6923-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2015 BP 5557 EP 5564 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BE3MR UT WOS:000370974905073 ER PT S AU Cahill, JP Zhou, WM Menyuk, CR AF Cahill, James P. Zhou, Weimin Menyuk, Curtis R. GP IEEE TI Correlation of Double Rayleigh Scattering in Single-Mode Optical Fibers SO 2015 PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Photonics Conference CY OCT 04-08, 2015 CL Reston, VA SP IEEE ID FREQUENCY AB We demonstrate that double-Rayleigh-scattering-induced optical-intensity noise in separate fibers is only partially correlated. Hence, double-Rayleigh-scattering contributes to the uncorrelated fiber-induced noise that limits the performance of active feedback cancellation in two-way unidirectional RF-photonic links. C1 [Cahill, James P.; Zhou, Weimin] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Cahill, JP (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM james.p.cahill.ctr@us.army.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4799-7465-8 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE3MN UT WOS:000370968200065 ER PT J AU Verma, G Yu, P Sadler, BM AF Verma, Gunjan Yu, Paul Sadler, Brian M. TI Physical Layer Authentication via Fingerprint Embedding Using Software-Defined Radios SO IEEE ACCESS LA English DT Article DE Cognitive radio; communication system security; message authentication AB The use of fingerprint embedding at the physical layer enables a receiver to authenticate a transmitter by detecting a low-power authentication tag superimposed upon the message waveform; a theoretical framework for such fingerprinting has been outlined. We carry out single-carrier single-antenna software defined radio (SDR) experiments with a wireless communications link over which we transmit and receive packets with the embedded fingerprinting. We analyze these experimental results and find they match well with theoretical predictions. This paper demonstrates that the method of superimposed fingerprints can deliver high probability of authentication without additional bandwidth and with minimal impact on bit-error rate in SDR systems. C1 [Verma, Gunjan; Yu, Paul; Sadler, Brian M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Verma, G (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM gunjan.verma@gmail.com FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2169-3536 J9 IEEE ACCESS JI IEEE Access PY 2015 VL 3 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2398734 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA DF5JP UT WOS:000371388200006 ER PT J AU Riggan, BS Reale, C Nasrabadi, NM AF Riggan, Benjamin S. Reale, Christopher Nasrabadi, Nasser M. TI Coupled Auto-Associative Neural Networks for Heterogeneous Face Recognition SO IEEE ACCESS LA English DT Article DE Cross-modality; heterogeneous face recognition; common latent features; biometrics; neural networks ID IMAGE SUPERRESOLUTION AB Several models have been previously suggested for learning correlated representations between source and target modalities. In this paper, we propose a novel coupled autoassociative neural network for learning a target-to-source image representation for heterogenous face recognition. This coupled network is unique, because a cross-modal transformation is learned by forcing the hidden units (latent features) of two neural networks to be as similar as possible, while simultaneously preserving information from the input. The effectiveness of this model is demonstrated using multiple existing heterogeneous face recognition databases. Moreover, the empirical results show that the learned image representation common latent features by the coupled auto-associative produces competitive cross-modal face recognition results. These results are obtained by training a softmax classifier using only the latent features from the source domain and testing using only the latent features from the target domain. C1 [Riggan, Benjamin S.; Nasrabadi, Nasser M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Reale, Christopher] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Riggan, BS (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM bsriggan@ncsu.edu FU Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-12-2-0019] FX This work was supported by the Army Research Laboratory and was accomplished through the Cooperative Agreement under Grant W911NF-12-2-0019. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2169-3536 J9 IEEE ACCESS JI IEEE Access PY 2015 VL 3 BP 1620 EP 1632 DI 10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2479620 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA DF5JP UT WOS:000371388200125 ER PT J AU Watson, S AF Watson, Samuel TI Battles and Massacres on the Southwestern Frontier: Historical and Archaeological Perspectives SO SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Watson, Samuel] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. RP Watson, S (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXAS STATE HIST ASSOC PI DENTON PA UNIV N TEXAS DENTON, 1155 UNION CIRCLE 311580, DENTON, TX 76203-5017 USA SN 0038-478X J9 SOUTHWEST HIST QUART JI Southw. Hist. Q. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 118 IS 3 BP 318 EP 319 PG 2 WC History SC History GA DF1NM UT WOS:000371106500005 ER PT S AU Lu, YP Rozen, O Tang, HY Smith, GL Fung, S Boser, BE Polcawichand, RG Horsley, DA AF Lu, Yipeng Rozen, Ofer Tang, Hao-Yen Smith, Gabriel L. Fung, Stephanie Boser, Bernhard E. Polcawichand, Ronald G. Horsley, David A. GP IEEE TI BROADBAND PIEZOELECTRIC MICROMACHINED ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS BASED ON DUAL RESONANCE MODES SO 2015 28TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS 2015) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 18-22, 2015 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc AB Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) have the potential for broad bandwidth, thus enabling high resolution imaging. However, previous PMUTs had fractional bandwidths of only similar to 50% or smaller because of the thick multilayer PMUT structure. Here, we demonstrate broadband PZT PMUTs that achieve a 97% fractional bandwidth by utilizing a thinner structure excited at two adjacent mechanical vibration modes. PMUTs were fabricated and characterized in the mechanical, electrical and acoustic domains, and a 30 mu m x 200 mu m ribbon PMUT demonstrates a large displacement sensitivity of 500 nm/V in air and pressure response of 0.3 kPa/V in fluid, equivalent to 13.6 kPa/V average pressure on the PMUT surface, measured 1.4 mm away from the PMUT. C1 [Lu, Yipeng; Rozen, Ofer; Fung, Stephanie; Horsley, David A.] Univ Calif, Davis, CA USA. [Tang, Hao-Yen; Boser, Bernhard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smith, Gabriel L.; Polcawichand, Ronald G.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Lu, YP (reprint author), Univ Calif, Davis, CA USA. EM yplu@ucdavis.edu NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4799-7955-4 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2015 BP 146 EP 149 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BE3AH UT WOS:000370382900039 ER PT S AU Shen, CW Luo, GX Kozinda, A Sanghadasa, M Lin, LW AF Shen, Caiwei Luo, Guoxi Kozinda, Alina Sanghadasa, Mohan Lin, Liwei GP IEEE TI SOLID-STATE FLEXIBLE MICRO SUPERCAPACITORS BY DIRECT-WRITE POROUS NANOFIBERS SO 2015 28TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS 2015) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 18-22, 2015 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc ID CARBON NANOTUBE FORESTS; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; ELECTRODES; DEVICES; FILMS AB Solid-state flexible micro supercapacitors based on porous and conducting polymer nanofibers via the direct-write, near-field electrospinning process have been constructed. Testing results have shown a capacitance of 0.3mF/cm(2), 30X larger as compared with those of flat electrodes. Key innovations of this work include: (1) densely-packed, porous 3D nanostructures with conductive nanofibers via the near-field electrospinning process; (2) flexible solid-state micro electrodes with high energy density using the pseudocapacitive effect; and (3) simple yet versatile manufacturing process compatible with various substrates and surfaces. As such, this technology is readily available to make practical MEMS energy storage devices. C1 [Shen, Caiwei; Luo, Guoxi; Kozinda, Alina; Lin, Liwei] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanghadasa, Mohan] US Army, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. RP Shen, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shencw10@berkeley.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4799-7955-4 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2015 BP 1133 EP 1136 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BE3AH UT WOS:000370382900295 ER PT S AU Ge, XY Brudnak, MJ Jayakumar, P Stein, JL Ersal, T AF Ge, Xinyi Brudnak, Mark J. Jayakumar, Paramsothy Stein, Jeffrey L. Ersal, Tulga GP IEEE TI A Model-Free Predictor Framework for Tele-Operated Vehicles SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser ID NETWORKED CONTROL-SYSTEMS; H-INFINITY CONTROL; DELAY; STABILITY; ALGORITHM; DESIGN AB One important challenge with vehicle teleoperation is that the communication delays can negatively affect the driving performance. To address this challenge, this paper adopts a model-free predictor based framework that, unlike previously reported efforts, does not require the predictor to know and model the system dynamics. This is achieved by communicating only the state variables and their derivatives that appear in the output equation for the calculation of the coupling variables. The difference between the predictor's states and the system states results in an error system that is described by a delay differential equation and its stability is established for constant delays. First, this idea is adopted into a generic vehicle tele-operation framework. Then, it is applied to a simulated vehicle-driver system to evaluate the performance of the approach over various constant delays, stochastic delays, and a real network connection. The conclusion is that the approach holds a significant potential to alleviate the negative impact of delay and improve the performance of tele-operated vehicles. C1 [Ge, Xinyi; Stein, Jeffrey L.; Ersal, Tulga] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brudnak, Mark J.; Jayakumar, Paramsothy] US Army RDECOM TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. RP Ersal, T (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM tersal@umich.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 4573 EP 4578 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259204111 ER PT S AU Sarkar, S Damarla, T Ray, A AF Sarkar, Soumalya Damarla, Thyagaraju Ray, Asok GP IEEE TI Real-time Activity Recognition from Seismic Signature via Multi-scale Symbolic Time Series Analysis (MSTSA) SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser DE Activity Recognition; Multi-scale Time-series Analysis; Pattern Classification; Unattended Ground Sensors; Symbolic Dynamic Filtering ID TARGET DETECTION; CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEMS; TRACKING; SENSORS AB Reliability of unattended ground sensors (UGS) to detect and classify different activities (e.g., walking and digging) is often limited by high false alarm rates, possibly due to the lack of robustness of the underlying algorithms in different environmental conditions (e.g., soil types and moisture contents for seismic sensors), inability to model large variations in the signature of a single activity and limitations of on-board computation. In this regard, a fast and robust multi-scale symbolic time series analysis (MSTSA) framework has been formulated to detect and classify human activities from seismic signatures. The building block of the proposed framework is built upon the concept of applying the short-length symbolic time-series online classifier (SSTOC) via Dirichlet-Compound-Multinomial model (DCM) construction. The algorithm operates on symbol sequences that are generated from seismic time-series and intermediate event class time-series at different time scales. These building blocks, with different window sizes, are cascaded in multiple layers for event detection and activity classification. A variety of experiments have been conducted in the field, which include realistic scenarios of different types of walking/digging. The results of experiments show that an accuracy of more than 90% and a false alarm of around 5% can be achieved in real time for activity detection and recognition. C1 [Sarkar, Soumalya; Ray, Asok] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Damarla, Thyagaraju] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sarkar, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM svs546@psu.edu; thyagaraju.damarla.civ@mail.mil; axr2@psu.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 5818 EP 5823 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259205151 ER PT S AU Song, XQ Huang, AQ Lee, MC Peng, C Cheng, L O'Brien, H Ogunniyi, A Scozzie, C Palmour, J AF Song, Xiaoqing Huang, Alex Q. Lee, Mengchia Peng, Chang Cheng, Lin O'Brien, Heather Ogunniyi, Aderin Scozzie, Charles Palmour, John GP IEEE TI 22 kV SiC Emitter Turn-off (ETO) Thyristor and Its Dynamic Performance Including SOA SO 2015 IEEE 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES & IC'S (ISPSD) SE Proceedings of the International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & ICs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs (ISPSD) CY MAY 10-14, 2015 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEJ, IEEE Power Elect Soc, Hitachi Power Semiconductor Device Ltd, K C Wong Educ Fdn, Hong Kong Sci & Technol Parks Corp, Hong Kong Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn DE SiC; GTO; ETO; ultra high voltage; SOA AB Ultra-high voltage (>10 kV) power devices based on SiC are gaining significant attentions since Si power devices are typically at lower voltage levels. In this paper, a world record 22kV Silicon Carbide (SiC) p-type ETO thyristor is developed and reported as a promising candidate for ultra-high voltage applications. The device is based on a 2cm(2) 22kV p type gate turn off thyristor (p-GTO) structure. Its static as well as dynamic performances are analyzed, including the anode to cathode blocking characteristics, forward conduction characteristics at different temperatures, turn-on and turn-off dynamic performances. The turn-off energy at 6kV, 7kV and 8kV respectively is also presented. In addition, theoretical boundary of the reverse biased safe operation area (RBSOA) of the 22kV SiC ETO is obtained by simulations and the experimental test also demonstrated a wide RBSOA. C1 [Song, Xiaoqing; Huang, Alex Q.; Lee, Mengchia; Peng, Chang; Cheng, Lin] N Carolina State Univ, FREEDM Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Palmour, John] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Cheng, Lin; O'Brien, Heather; Ogunniyi, Aderin; Scozzie, Charles] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Song, XQ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, FREEDM Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM aqhuang@ncsu.edu RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6854 BN 978-1-4799-6261-7 J9 PROC INT SYMP POWER PY 2015 BP 277 EP 280 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE3HI UT WOS:000370717300068 ER PT S AU Corron, NJ AF Corron, Ned J. GP IEEE TI Compensation for Imperfect Switching in a Chaotic Hybrid Oscillator Circuit SO 2015 IEEE 58TH INTERNATIONAL MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (MWSCAS) SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 58th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Fort Collins, CO SP IEEE, Intel, Hp, Colorado State Univ DE chaos; hybrid system; nonlinear dynamics; oscillator ID WAVE-FORMS; SYSTEMS AB A modification is derived to compensate for imperfect switching in an exactly solvable chaotic hybrid oscillator. The imperfect switching includes latency and bandwidth effects that limit the maximum frequency for practical circuit realizations of this oscillator. A compensated switching condition is derived and demonstrated using numerical simulation. Consequently, this modification enables the development of a practical chaotic hybrid oscillator circuit for proposed communication and radar applications. C1 [Corron, Ned J.] US Army RDECOM, Charles M Bowden Lab, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. RP Corron, NJ (reprint author), US Army RDECOM, Charles M Bowden Lab, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4673-6557-4 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2015 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE3NB UT WOS:000370979500017 ER PT S AU Lu, Z Wang, C AF Lu, Zhuo Wang, Cliff GP IEEE TI Network Anti-Inference: A Fundamental Perspective on Proactive Strategies to Counter Flow Inference SO 2015 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS (INFOCOM) SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) CY APR 26-MAY 01, 2015 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID INFORMATION; TOMOGRAPHY AB Network inference is an effective mechanism to infer end-to-end flow rates and has enabled a variety of applications (e.g., network surveillance and diagnosis). The paper is focused on the opposite side of network inference, i.e., how to make inference inaccurate, which we call network anti-inference. As most research efforts have been focused on developing efficient inference methods, design of anti-inference is largely overlooked. Anti-inference scenarios can rise when network inference is not desirable, such as in clandestine communication and military applications. Our objective is to explore network dynamics to provide anti-inference. In particular, we consider two proactive strategies that cause network dynamics: transmitting deception traffic and changing routing to mislead the inference. We build an analytical framework to quantify the induced inference errors of the proactive strategies that maintain limited costs. We find via analysis and simulations that for deception traffic, a simple random transmission strategy can achieve inference errors on the same order of the best coordinated transmission strategy; while changing routing can cause inference errors of higher order than any deception traffic strategy. Our results not only reveal the fundamental perspective on proactive strategies, but also offer the guidance into practical design of anti-inference. C1 [Lu, Zhuo] Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Wang, Cliff] Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM zhuo.lu@memphis.edu; cliff.wang@us.army.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 978-1-4799-8381-0 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2015 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3HL UT WOS:000370720100032 ER PT S AU Urgaonkar, R Basu, P Guha, S Swami, A AF Urgaonkar, Rahul Basu, Prithwish Guha, Saikat Swami, Ananthram GP IEEE TI Optimal Multicast in Dense Multi-Channel Multi-Radio Wireless Networks SO 2015 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS (INFOCOM) SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) CY APR 26-MAY 01, 2015 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID MESH NETWORKS; CAPACITY AB We study the problem of maximizing the multicast throughput in a dense multi-channel multi-radio (MC-MR) wireless network with multiple multicast sessions. Specifically, we consider a fully connected network topology where all nodes are within transmission range of each other. In spite of its simplicity, this topology is practically important since it is encountered in several real-world settings. Further, a solution to this network can serve as a building block for more general scenarios that are otherwise intractable. For this network, we show that the problem of maximizing the uniform multicast throughput across multiple sessions is NP-hard. However, its special structure allows us to derive useful upper bounds on the achievable uniform multicast throughput. We show that an intuitive class of algorithms that maximally exploit the wireless broadcast feature can result in very poor worst case performance. Using a novel group splitting idea, we then design two polynomial time approximation algorithms that are guaranteed to achieve a constant factor of the throughput bound under arbitrary multicast group memberships. These algorithms are simple to implement and provide interesting tradeoffs between the achievable throughput and the total number of transmissions used. C1 [Urgaonkar, Rahul] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Basu, Prithwish; Guha, Saikat] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Swami, Ananthram] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Urgaonkar, R (reprint author), IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM rurgaon@us.ibm.com; pbasu@bbn.com; sguha@bbn.com; ananthram.swami.civ@mail.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 978-1-4799-8381-0 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2015 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3HL UT WOS:000370720100070 ER PT S AU Martone, A Sherbondy, K Ranney, K Dogaru, T AF Martone, Anthony Sherbondy, Kelly Ranney, Kenneth Dogaru, Traian GP IEEE TI Passive Sensing for Adaptable Radar Bandwidth SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE radar; radio; spectrum sharing; spectrum sensing; optimization; waveform agility AB A spectrum sharing technique is introduced that passively monitors the RF spectrum for sub-bands of high signal to interference plus noise ratios (SINR) within a constrained bandwidth of interest. The goal of the proposed technique is to allow the radar to maintain high levels of SINR within selected frequency sub-bands in a highly congested RF environment. A sub-band is selected for radar that maximizes SINR and minimizes the range resolution cell size, two conflicting objectives. In this paper, a spectrum sensing experiment is conducted to collect multiple frequency spectra that are processed by the proposed technique. It will be shown that the proposed technique identifies frequency sub-bands of high SINR while maintaining range resolution requirements. C1 [Martone, Anthony; Sherbondy, Kelly; Ranney, Kenneth; Dogaru, Traian] US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 21042 USA. RP Martone, A (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 21042 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 280 EP 285 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900051 ER PT S AU Kim, HH Govoni, MA Haimovich, AM AF Kim, Haley H. Govoni, Mark A. Haimovich, Alexander M. GP IEEE TI Cost Analysis of Compressive Sensing for MIMO STAP Random Arrays SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc ID PURSUIT AB This work proposes an augmented variation of conventional space-time adaptive processing (STAP), and explores the application of multi-branch matching pursuit (MBMP) to a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beamformer whose steering vector is created over an array having random, inter-element spacing. By applying compressive sensing (CS), a radar system is able to minimize the undesired effects of an undersampled array while providing adequate clutter suppression and reduced burden on array integration. In this paper, we compare the performance and computational complexity of the MBMP applied to the STAP problem and the STAP beamformer. In addition we propose two methods to reduce the computational complexity of MBMP, a modification to the MBMP algorithm which we refer to as truncated MBMP, and a grid refinement technique. We evaluate our approach and extend this aspect to help in understanding the necessary computations required for practical target detection. C1 [Kim, Haley H.; Haimovich, Alexander M.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Govoni, Mark A.] US Army, CERDEC, I2WD, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. RP Kim, HH (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM hkim82488@gmail.com; haimovic@njit.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 980 EP 985 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900178 ER PT S AU Pappu, CS Flores, BC Boehm, J Verdin, B Debroux, P AF Pappu, Chandra S. Flores, Benjamin C. Boehm, James Verdin, Berenice Debroux, Patrick GP IEEE TI Bistatic Radar Chaotic System Synchronization SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE Bistatic radar; chaotic signal; Lorenz system; projective synchronization ID PROJECTIVE SYNCHRONIZATION AB We propose a scheme for bistatic radar that uses a three-dimensional chaotic system to generate a wideband signal that is replicated at the receiver to extract high resolution information from targets. The setup for the bistatic radar includes a drive oscillator at the transmitter and a response oscillator at the receiver. The challenge for this setup is synchronizing the response oscillator of the radar receiver utilizing a scaled version of the transmitted signal that is a function of one drive oscillator state variable where the scaling factor accounts for antenna gain, system losses, and space propagation. Since the scaling factor is not known a priori, the response oscillator must be able to accept the scaled version of the state variable as an input. Thus, we improve upon a generalized projective synchronization technique that introduces a controller variable and a controller parameter into the Lorenz system and show that the synchronization is achievable. We verify through simulations that, once synchronization is achieved, the short-time correlation of the driver and response state variables is high and that this correlation is consistent over long periods of time. C1 [Pappu, Chandra S.; Flores, Benjamin C.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Boehm, James; Verdin, Berenice; Debroux, Patrick] US Army, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA. RP Pappu, CS (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1099 EP 1103 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900199 ER PT S AU Lim, D Xu, LZ Gianelli, C Li, J Nguyen, L Anderson, J AF Lim, Deoksu Xu, Luzhou Gianelli, Chris Li, Jian Lam Nguyen Anderson, John GP IEEE TI Time- and Frequency-Domain MIMO FLGPR Imaging SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc AB Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) forward looking ground penetrating radar (FLGPR) systems have shown the capability to improve performance for landmine detection. By leveraging multiple collocated transmitters and receivers, the waveform diversity offered by MIMO FLGPR systems provides performance enhancement in target detection, parameter identifiability, and increased cross-range resolution. In this paper, we introduce a data-dependent image formation algorithm based on the sparse learning via iterative minimization (SLIM) approach for high-resolution imaging applied to both time-and frequency-domain. In addition, we compare time-domain SLIM (TD-SLIM) and frequency-domain SLIM (FD-SLIM) with data-independent methods such as delay-and-sum (DAS) and recursive sidelobe minimization (RSM), designed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL). These algorithms are applied to data collected by the Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) Ultra-wideband (UWB) radar developed by ARL for landmine detection. When applied to data collected by this 2 by 16 MIMO radar system, both the TD-SLIM and FD-SLIM algorithms yield results with higher resolution than the two conventional methods applied to the data. FD-SLIM provides significantly reduced computational time compared to TD-SLIM, motivating its application for high-resolution MIMO FLGPR imaging. C1 [Lim, Deoksu; Xu, Luzhou; Gianelli, Chris; Li, Jian] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lam Nguyen] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Anderson, John] Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Lim, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM lemduck1@ufl.edu; xuoasis@gmail.com; gianelli04@ufl.edu; li@dsp.ufl.edu; lam.h.nguyen2.civ@mail.mil; j-m-anderson@howard.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1305 EP 1310 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900238 ER PT S AU Gallagher, KA Narayanan, RM Mazzaro, GJ Ranney, KI Martone, AF Sherbondy, KD AF Gallagher, Kyle A. Narayanan, Ram M. Mazzaro, Gregory J. Ranney, Kenneth I. Martone, Anthony F. Sherbondy, Kelly D. GP IEEE TI Moving Target Indication with Non-Linear Radar SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE harmonic radar; moving target indication; non-linear radar AB A new approach for detecting a particular class of moving targets is presented. This method exploits characteristics of specific non-linear targets to both eliminate moving objects that are not of interest and suppress stationary clutter. Details of the underlying physical phenomena are discussed, and the signal processing procedures leveraged by the non-linear radar system are outlined in detail. C1 [Gallagher, Kyle A.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mazzaro, Gregory J.] The Citadel, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. [Ranney, Kenneth I.; Martone, Anthony F.; Sherbondy, Kelly D.] US Army, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gallagher, KA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1428 EP 1433 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900260 ER PT S AU Darwish, AM Ibrahim, AA Qiu, J Viveiros, E Hung, HA AF Darwish, Ali M. Ibrahim, Amr A. Qiu, Joe Viveiros, Edward Hung, H. Alfred GP IEEE TI Divider/Combiner with Enhanced Isolation and Reflection Cancellation SO 2015 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY MAY 17-22, 2015 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE MTT S ID DESIGN AB An advanced power divider/combiner concept is presented and demonstrated. The new concept provides significant isolation and enhanced reflection cancelation for I: N dividers/combiners. It is demonstrated with a 1: 4, 2-8 GHz, with 0.4 dB insertion loss, 20 dB isolation, and 10 dB return loss improvement over conventional ( e.g. Wilkinson) dividers. Additionally, a 1: 3, 4-12 GHz ( 100% bandwidth) divider with low insertion loss, high isolation and high return loss improvement is demonstrated. C1 [Darwish, Ali M.; Qiu, Joe; Viveiros, Edward; Hung, H. Alfred] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Ibrahim, Amr A.] Univ Michigan, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Darwish, AM (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-8275-2 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2015 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE3HO UT WOS:000370722900339 ER PT S AU Cahill, JP Okusaga, O Zhou, WM Menyuk, CR Carter, GM AF Cahill, James P. Okusaga, Olukayode Zhou, Weimin Menyuk, Curtis R. Carter, Gary M. GP IEEE TI Comparison of forward- and backward-propagating optical-fiber-induced noise for application to optical fiber frequency transfer SO 2015 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & THE EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / European Frequency and Time Forum (FCS) CY APR 12-16, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, UFFC, EFTF DE Radio frequency (RF) transfer; RF-photonics; Rayleigh scattering ID SINGLE-MODE FIBERS; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; INTENSITY NOISE; PHASE NOISE AB Current schemes for the photonic transfer of radio frequencies rely on bidirectional active feedback in which the optical signal must propagate in both directions through a single optical fiber. This requirement is not readily compatible with existing optical fiber networks; hence, it is important to develop alternate means of suppressing optical-fiber-induced noise. Previously, we experimentally characterized an optical-fiber-length-dependent noise source that contributes to the phase noise of the radio frequency signal, and we demonstrated that it can be mitigated by frequency dithering the laser. However, we have not developed an adequate model to describe the noise source. In this work, we compared the experimentally-measured forward-and backward-propagating optical-intensity noise spectra. We found that the power of the backward-propagating noise is over 40 dB higher than the power of the forward-propagating noise. We also found that the forward-propagating noise scales faster with respect to optical-fiber length than does the backward-propagating noise. These results will aid the development of a complete theory to describe the optical-fiber-length-dependent noise source. C1 [Cahill, James P.; Menyuk, Curtis R.; Carter, Gary M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Okusaga, Olukayode; Zhou, Weimin] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Cahill, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM james.p.cahill.ctr@us.army.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4799-8866-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2015 BP 765 EP 768 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3DU UT WOS:000370553200170 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DL Guan, X Farrington, HL Blake, MD Barker, ND Carr, MR Navarro, PE Lance, RF AF Lindsay, Denise L. Guan, Xin Farrington, Heather L. Blake, Myra D. Barker, Natalie D. Carr, Matthew R. Navarro, Eliecer P. Lance, Richard F. TI Genetic structure among hibernacula of the endangered gray bat (Myotis grisescens) SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; guano; hibernacula; maternity colony; microsatellites; mitochondrial DNA; noninvasive sampling; population structure ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CONSERVATION GENETICS; MICROSATELLITE DATA; SWARMING SITES; F-STATISTICS; VESPERTILIONIDAE; MITOCHONDRIAL; CHIROPTERA; LOCI; DIFFERENTIATION AB In an attempt to fill knowledge gaps relating to genetic structure in the endangered gray bat (Myotis grisescens), we investigated geographic patterns in multilocus microsatellite DNA (msDNA) genotypes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype frequencies across eight primary hibernacula. Isolation-by-distance (IBD) was absent in the msDNA data and no bottlenecks were detected, with genotypic diversity (A(R) = 6.52, H-o = 0.64) and overall genetic differentiation (F-ST = 0.024, P < 0.001) being comparable to other Myotis and North American vespertilionids. Genetic structure (Phi(CT) = 0.063, P < 0.001) among groups of populations (K = 2) was observed. We also identified a pattern of slight east-west regional genetic structure, likely attributable to the natural barrier of the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain, in the haplotype data (Phi(CT) = 0.086, P < 0.05), along with moderate IBD (r = 0.486, P < 0.05). Though genetic differentiation among populations was generally low, significant interpopulation genetic structure, likely arising from some degree of philopatric behavior and a lack of hibernacula-associated mating sites within the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain, was observed. C1 [Lindsay, Denise L.; Guan, Xin; Barker, Natalie D.; Carr, Matthew R.; Lance, Richard F.] US Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Farrington, Heather L.] North Carolina Museum Nat Sci, Nat Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. [Blake, Myra D.] Southern Environm Law Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. [Navarro, Eliecer P.] Western Anesthesiol Associates Inc, St Louis, MO 63011 USA. RP Lance, RF (reprint author), US Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM richard.f.lance@usace.army.mil FU Environmental Quality Research Threatened and Endangered Species and Species at Risk Focus Areas FX We thank K. Barr, G. Bilbrey, E. Britzke, J. Campbell, R. Clawson, S. Daniels, C. Edwards, M. Ford, W. Gates, T. Glueck, M. Harvey, T. Hemberger, C. Holliday, A. Hollingsworth, J. Lamb, C. Leftwich, K. Lohraff, J. Lindsay, C. Martin, G. McCracken, L. Muller, S. Pitts, P. Roby, G. Rohrbach, B. Sasse, C..Simpson, M. Thurman, R. Wyckoff, and J. Zinck for their assistance. Access to hibernacula was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Station Number 43660), The Nature Conservancy, Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Missouri Department of Conservation, and Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. This research was funded by the Environmental Quality Research Threatened and Endangered Species and Species at Risk Focus Areas. The study described and the resulting data presented herein, unless otherwise noted, were partly obtained from research conducted under the U.S. Army Environmental Quality Technology Program by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the author's and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 EI 1733-5329 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 2 BP 293 EP 306 DI 10.3161/15081109ACC2015.17.2.005 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DE9YR UT WOS:000370996300005 ER PT S AU Westbrook, SR Wright, BR Marty, SD Schmitigal, J AF Westbrook, Steven R. Wright, Bernard R. Marty, Steven D. Schmitigal, Joel BE Sherman, J TI Fire Resistant Fuel for Military Compression Ignition Engines SO FIRE RESISTANT FLUIDS SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire Resistant Fluids CY JUN 24, 2013 CL Quebec, CANADA SP ASTM Int Comm D02 Petr Produ Liquid Fuels & Lubricants, ASTM Int Subcommittee D02 N0 06 Fire Resistant Fluids DE diesel fuel; fire resistant fuel; water-emulsified fuel AB During an Army research program in the mid-1980s, fire-resistant diesel fuel that self extinguished when ignited by an explosive projectile was developed. Chemically, this fire resistant fuel (FRF) was a stable mixture of diesel fuel, 10 % water, and an emulsifier. The Army FRF program ended in 1987 without fielding this fire resistant fuel formulation. There were both technical and logistical reasons for this. Unconventional warfare experienced in Iraq and Afghanistan involving use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) has led the Army to restart the FRF program in an attempt to counter the increasing threat of fuel fires. Efforts are now underway to develop new FRF to reduce and/or eliminate both the initial mist fireball and any residual pool burning. Vehicle operation and environmental conditions commonly cause the temperature of the fuel in the vehicles to rise above its flash point, thus making it more susceptible to being ignited. This elevated fuel temperature, when combined with an ignition source such as a ballistic penetration near the fuel tank or fuel line, significantly increases the potential for a catastrophic fuel fire. This paper will discuss some of the aspects and limitations of developing a fire resistant fuel water emulsion and how the use of JP-8, as intended by the single fuel forward concept, affects this development. C1 [Westbrook, Steven R.; Wright, Bernard R.; Marty, Steven D.] SwRI, TARDEC Fuels & Lubricants Res Facil, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Schmitigal, Joel] US Army RDECOM TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Westbrook, SR (reprint author), SwRI, TARDEC Fuels & Lubricants Res Facil, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7591-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2015 VL 1573 BP 24 EP 37 DI 10.1520/STP157320130177 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE3OA UT WOS:000371048200002 ER PT J AU Akscyn, RM Franklin, JL Gavrikova, TA Schwacha, MG Messina, JL AF Akscyn, Robert M. Franklin, J. Lee Gavrikova, Tatyana A. Schwacha, Martin G. Messina, Joseph L. TI A rat model of concurrent combined injuries (polytrauma) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Burn; cecal ligation and puncture; ER-stress; hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia; hypothermia; proinflammatory ID OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM; CECAL LIGATION; HYPERMETABOLIC RESPONSE; EXPERIMENTAL SEPSIS; IRAQI FREEDOM; SEPTIC SHOCK; BURN; INSULIN; TRAUMA; MORTALITY AB Polytrauma, a combination of injuries to more than one body part or organ system, is common in modern warfare and in automobile and industrial accidents. The combination of injuries can include burn injury, fracture, hemorrhage, trauma to the extremities, and trauma to specific organ systems. To investigate the effects of combined injuries, we have developed a new and highly reproducible model of polytrauma. This model combines burn injury with soft tissue and gastrointestinal (GI) tract trauma. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to a 15-20% total body surface area scald burn, or a single puncture of the cecum with a G30 needle, or the combination of both injuries (polytrauma). Unlike many 'double hit' models, the injuries in our model were performed simultaneously. We asked whether multiple minor injuries, when combined, would result in a distinct phenotype, different from single minor injuries or a more severe single injury. There were differences between the single injuries and polytrauma in the maintenance of blood glucose, body temperature, body weight, hepatic mRNA and circulating levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6, and hepatic ER-stress. It has been suggested that models utilizing combinatorial injuries may be needed to more accurately model the human condition. We believe our model is ideal for studying the complex sequelae of polytrauma, which differs from single injuries. Insights gained from this model may suggest better treatment options to improve patient outcomes. C1 [Akscyn, Robert M.; Franklin, J. Lee; Gavrikova, Tatyana A.; Messina, Joseph L.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Pathol, Div Mol & Cellular Pathol, Volker Hall,G019J,1530 Third Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Schwacha, Martin G.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Surg, Div Trauma & Emergency Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Schwacha, Martin G.] US Army, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Messina, Joseph L.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. RP Messina, JL (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Pathol, Div Mol & Cellular Pathol, Volker Hall,G019J,1530 Third Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM messinaj@uab.edu FU National Institutes of Health [DK62071]; Department of Defense [W81XWH-0510387]; Veterans Administration Merit Review; NIH [P30DK056336, P30DK079626, P30DK56336, P60DK07962, UL1RR025777] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (DK62071), the Department of Defense (W81XWH-0510387), and the Veterans Administration Merit Review to J.L.M. We wish to thank the UAB Small Animal Phenotyping Core Laboratory supported by NIH grants P30DK056336 and P30DK079626, and the Metabolism/Human Physiology Core Laboratory supported by NIH grants P30DK56336, P60DK07962 and UL1RR025777 for assistance in this study. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU E-CENTURY PUBLISHING CORP PI MADISON PA 40 WHITE OAKS LN, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-5901 J9 INT J CLIN EXP MED JI Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 11 BP 20097 EP 20110 PG 14 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA DF0FA UT WOS:000371013200034 PM 26884923 ER PT J AU Muramatsu, RS Thomas, KJ Leong, SL Ragukonis, F AF Muramatsu, Russ S. Thomas, Kelly Jones Leong, Stephanie L. Ragukonis, Frank TI Service Dogs, Psychiatric Hospitalization, and the ADA SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS; ANIMALS AB A service dog is defined as "any dog that is individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability, including a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability." Some psychiatric patients may depend on a service dog for day-to-day functioning. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) established certain rights and responsibilities for individuals with disabilities and health care providers. Psychiatric hospitalization of a patient with a service dog may pose a problem and involves balancing the requirement to provide safe and appropriate psychiatric care with the rights of individuals with disabilities. This Open Forum examines issues that arise in such circumstances, reviews the literature, and provides a foundation for the development of policies and procedures. C1 [Muramatsu, Russ S.; Thomas, Kelly Jones; Leong, Stephanie L.; Ragukonis, Frank] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Behav Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Muramatsu, RS (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Behav Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM russ.s.muramatsu.civ@mail.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1075-2730 EI 1557-9700 J9 PSYCHIAT SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 66 IS 1 BP 87 EP 89 DI 10.1176/appi.ps.201400208 PG 3 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA DE3OD UT WOS:000370538700015 PM 25321094 ER PT J AU Boczar, A AF Boczar, Amanda TI Uneasy Allies The Americanization of Sexual Policies in South Vietnam SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN-EAST ASIAN RELATIONS LA English DT Article DE U.S. military; prostitution; venereal disease; eradication; Saigon; Vietnam War; Vung Tau ID VENEREAL-DISEASE; FORCES AB Relations between U.S. servicemen and Vietnamese civilians represent one of the most persistent cultural legacies of the Vietnam War. From brides to bar girls to crass film tropes of Vietnamese sex workers, women occupy a prominent place in the war's memory. At the time, however, the media and U.S. government officials portrayed sex as a subtext to the larger conflict. From the outset, officials on all sides of the negotiating table struggled over how to contain the diverse impacts of the relationships on health, security, and morale. Prostitution played a central role in the debate. U.S. officials attempted to discount the significance of their impact on foreign relations and warfare, but social relationships indeed had an impact on how Americans engaged Saigon's leaders. While scholars typically have shown the United States as the dominant power in Vietnam, sexuality became a somewhat level playing field where both governments feared the repercussions of limiting intercultural intimacy as much as they feared letting it continue. At first, the Saigon government enacted strict laws and attempted to prosecute violators, but never committed to eradication. By the war's height U.S.. officials adopted rigorous new programs which led to an Americanization of sexual and social policies regarding prostitution in Vietnam. C1 [Boczar, Amanda] US Mil Acad, Amer & Gender Hist, West Point, PA USA. RP Boczar, A (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Amer & Gender Hist, West Point, PA USA. EM amanda.boczar@usma.edu NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-3947 EI 1876-5610 J9 J AM-EAST ASIAN RELA JI J. Am.-East Asian Relat. PY 2015 VL 22 IS 3 BP 187 EP 220 DI 10.1163/18765610-02203003 PG 34 WC History SC History GA DE3IH UT WOS:000370520900003 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, MJ AF Bhagwat, Mahendra J. TI Optimum Loading and Induced Swirl Effects in Hover SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Optimum hover performance is the quintessential goal of rotor design. Yet it is not entirely clear what exactly is the optimum loading for a hovering rotor. Propeller theory gives the Betz loading as the optimum for an actuator disk in axial flight, which is commonly believed to be the optimum in hover as well. Helicopter textbooks often give uniform loading (and the corresponding uniform inflow) as the optimum in hover based on simple momentum theory, which ignores induced swirl. Glauert derived optimum loading solution in hover, including swirl and showed that it differs from the Betz loading. The present work uses combined blade element momentum theory to examine these loadings and to better understand optimum hover performance. The analysis is applicable to both ideal (actuator disks) and realistic rotors. The analysis is further augmented with a profile drag model to calculate rotor performance and is successfully applied to several rotor configurations. C1 [Bhagwat, Mahendra J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Res Dev & Engn Command, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr,US Army Aviat, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bhagwat, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Res Dev & Engn Command, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr,US Army Aviat, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM mahendra.j.bhagwat.civ@mail.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 EI 2161-6027 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 60 IS 1 AR 012004 DI 10.4050/JAHS.60.012004 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DE1KY UT WOS:000370387100010 ER PT J AU Koontz, R Johnson, D AF Koontz, Ronald Johnson, Dale TI Apache Mission Processor Software Architecture: Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACE (TM)) Considerations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Open systems architecture (OSA) applied to rotorcraft avionics has continued to mature and evolve during the past decade. The Apache attack helicopter mission processor software architecture, networked common operating real-time environment (NCORE), was originally architected to reduce life cycle costs, minimize the time to incorporate and field new capabilities, take advantage of new software technologies, and improve the organization of existing functional capabilities. The Open Group's Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACE (TM)) consortium is an ongoing joint industry, academia, Department of Defense initiative that is defining a new business model and reference architecture with the objective of dramatically reducing new aviation platform development costs and enabling the leveraging of common software applications across platforms: "develop once use often." FACE technical strategies include standardizing interfaces between reference architecture segments, specifying multiple profiles, and employing a shared repository-based data model that facilitates application reuse across aviation platforms. Software reuse and integration of software components provided by multiple suppliers is discussed relative to architecture trade-offs; software component refactoring into smaller reusable elements impacts run-time performance, system complexity, and maintenance. After providing technical context, analysis leads to the overarching conclusion that the FACE reference architecture and future rotorcraft programs that leverage it can benefit from NCORE OSA-proven strategies, approaches, and decisions. Similarly, the NCORE OSA must continue to evolve and further align with the FACE reference architecture to enable both new and existing application reuse and to remain current and relevant. C1 [Koontz, Ronald] Boeing Co, Mesa, AZ USA. [Johnson, Dale] US Army, Aviat Dev Directorate Appl Technol Directorate AD, Ft Eustis, VA USA. RP Koontz, R (reprint author), Boeing Co, Mesa, AZ USA. EM ron.j.koontz@boeing.com NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 EI 2161-6027 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 60 IS 1 AR 011004 DI 10.4050/JAHS.60.011004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DE1KY UT WOS:000370387100004 ER PT J AU Johnson, AN Hromadka, TV AF Johnson, Anthony N. Hromadka, T. V., II TI Modeling mixed boundary conditions in a Hilbert space with the complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) SO METHODSX LA English DT Article DE Complex variables; Hilbert space; Mixed boundary conditions; Stress; Approximate boundary; Complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM); Torsion; Least squares AB The Laplace equation that results from specifying either the normal or tangential force equilibrium equation in terms of the warping functions or its conjugate can be modeled as a complex variable boundary element method or CVBEM mixed boundary problem. The CVBEM is a well-known numerical technique that can provide solutions to potential value problems in two or more dimensions by the use of an approximation function that is derived from the Cauchy Integral in complex analysis. This paper highlights three customizations to the technique. A least squares approach to modeling the complex-valued approximation function will be compared and analyzed to determine if modeling error on the boundary can be reduced without the need to find and evaluated additional linearly independent complex functions. The nodal point locations will be moved outside the problem domain. Contour and streamline plots representing the warping function and its complementary conjugate are generated simultaneously from the complex-valued approximating function. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Johnson, Anthony N.; Hromadka, T. V., II] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, 601 Swift Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Johnson, AN (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, 601 Swift Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM anthony.johson@usma.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2215-0161 J9 METHODSX JI MethodsX PY 2015 VL 2 BP 292 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.mex.2015.05.005 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DE2QJ UT WOS:000370471500040 PM 26151000 ER PT J AU Espinosa, B Hromadka, TV Perez, R AF Espinosa, B. Hromadka, T. V., II Perez, R. TI Comparison of radar data versus rainfall data SO METHODSX LA English DT Article DE Doppler radar; Ground-truth; Topographic interference; Radar; Calibration AB Doppler radar data are increasingly used in rainfall-runoff synthesis studies, perhaps due to radar data availability, among other factors. However, the veracity of the radar data are often a topic of concern. In this paper, three Doppler radar outcomes developed by the United States National Weather Service at three radar sites are examined and compared to actual rain gage data for two separate severe storm events in order to assess accuracy in the published radar estimates of rainfall. Because the subject storms were very intense rainfall events lasting approximately one hour in duration, direct comparisons between the three radar gages themselves can be made, as well as a comparison to rain gage data at a rain gage location subjected to the same storm cells. It is shown that topographic interference with the radar outcomes can be a significant factor leading to differences between radar and rain gage readings, and that care is needed in calibrating radar outcomes using available rain gage data in order to interpolate rainfall estimates between rain gages using the spatial variation observed in the radar readings. The paper establishes and describes the need for "ground-truthing'' of radar data, and possible errors due to topographic interference. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). C1 [Espinosa, B.; Perez, R.] Hromadka & Associates, 29809 Santa Margarita Pkwy Suite 102, Rsm, CA 92688 USA. [Hromadka, T. V., II] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Espinosa, B (reprint author), Hromadka & Associates, 29809 Santa Margarita Pkwy Suite 102, Rsm, CA 92688 USA. EM clipinski@hromadka-associates.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2215-0161 J9 METHODSX JI MethodsX PY 2015 VL 2 BP 423 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.mex.2015.10.007 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DE2QJ UT WOS:000370471500057 PM 26649276 ER PT J AU Grinfeld, M Grinfeld, P AF Grinfeld, Michael Grinfeld, Pavel TI An unexpected paradox in the Kelvin ponderomotive force theory SO RESULTS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Electrostatics; Magnetostatics; Polarized substances; Ponderomotive forces AB We show that the ubiquitous formula for ponderomotive forces due to a distribution of a polarized substance implies a non-vanishing self-force. This constitutes a striking paradox since this prediction is in startling contrast with observed phenomena. A recorded lecture on the paradox can be found on the authors' website. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Grinfeld, Michael] US Army Res Lab, Lincoln, NE USA. [Grinfeld, Pavel] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Grinfeld, M (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-3797 J9 RESULTS PHYS JI Results Phys. PY 2015 VL 5 BP 101 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.rinp.2015.03.004 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA DD4KF UT WOS:000369890700024 ER PT J AU Grinfeld, M Grinfeld, P AF Grinfeld, Michael Grinfeld, Pavel TI Toward the Landau-Lifshitz version of the Thomson electrostatics theorem SO RESULTS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Electrostatics; Variational principles; The Thomson theorem (principle) AB In the classical textbook (Landau and Lifshitz, 1963), Landau and Lifshtz suggested their version of the famous Thomson variational principle (a.k.a Thomson theorem.) So far, their version has not gained the interest it deserves, either among physicists or among applied mathematicians. Partially, the lack of interest can be explained because of the quality of the suggested proof of the principle. It is considerably lower than the standards accepted in classical electrostatics and mathematical physics. Even more importantly, Landau and Lifshitz did not demostrate the minimum property of the electrostatic energy at equilibrium. In this note, we, first, modify and specify the Landau-Lifshitz formulation of the principle presenting it as the isoperimetric variational problem. Then, for this isoperimetric problem we calculate the first and second variations, and we prove that the first variation vanishes, whereas the second variation appears to be positive. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Grinfeld, Michael] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Grinfeld, Pavel] Drexel Univ, Dept Math, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Grinfeld, M (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-3797 J9 RESULTS PHYS JI Results Phys. PY 2015 VL 5 BP 222 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.rinp.2015.07.006 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA DD4KF UT WOS:000369890700045 ER PT S AU Banerjee, J Sen, CK AF Banerjee, Jaideep Sen, Chandan K. BE Santulli, G TI microRNA and Wound Healing SO MICRORNA: MEDICAL EVIDENCE: FROM MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TO CLINICAL PRACTICE SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Wound healing; HypoxymiRs; Angiogenesis; Inflammation; Re-epithelialization ID HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR-1-ALPHA; GROWTH-FACTOR EXPRESSION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; CELLULAR-RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; DOWN-REGULATION; CANCER CELLS; ANGIOGENESIS; DICER; INFLAMMATION AB microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules which play pivotal roles in wound healing. The increased expression of certain genes and expression of some others represent a key component of the wound biology and are largely under the regulation of naturally occurring miRNAs. Understanding the dysregulated miRNAs in chronic wound biology will therefore enable the development of newer therapies. This chapter focuses on the miRNAs that can be potentially targeted for improving skin wound healing and the challenges in miRNA therapy, including considerations in miRNA target identification and delivery. C1 [Banerjee, Jaideep] US Army Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma & Regenerat Med Div, Joint Base San Antonio, 3698 Chambers Pass,BHT 1, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. [Sen, Chandan K.] Ohio State Univ, Wexner Med Ctr, Davis Heart & Lung Res Inst, Comprehens Wound Ctr,Ctr Regenerat Med & Cell Bas, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Banerjee, J (reprint author), US Army Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma & Regenerat Med Div, Joint Base San Antonio, 3698 Chambers Pass,BHT 1, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. EM jaideep.b@gmail.com; Chandan.Sen@osumc.edu RI Santulli, Gaetano/I-9203-2016 OI Santulli, Gaetano/0000-0001-7231-375X FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK076566, R01 DK076566]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM069589, R01 GM077185, R01 GM108014]; NINR NIH HHS [NR013898, R01 NR013898] NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-2598 BN 978-3-319-22671-2; 978-3-319-22670-5 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2015 VL 888 BP 291 EP 305 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_15 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BE2OA UT WOS:000369707700016 PM 26663189 ER PT S AU Chen, JYC Barnes, MJ AF Chen, Jessie Y. C. Barnes, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Agent Transparency for Human-Agent Teaming Effectiveness SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC 2015): BIG DATA ANALYTICS FOR HUMAN-CENTRIC SYSTEMS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2015 CL City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, K C Wong Fdn HO City Univ Hong Kong DE agent transparency; human-agent teaming; human-robot interaction; mixed-initiative; situation awareness; unmanned vehicles; military ID DECISION-SUPPORT; AUTOMATION AB We discuss the Situation awareness-based Agent Transparency (SAT) model and its three levels of information to support agent transparency and operator situation awareness of the agent: agent's current action or plan; agent's reasoning information; and agent's projections of future outcomes. Two studies-Autonomous Squad Member and IMPACT-are summarized to illustrate the utility of agent transparency for the overall human-agent team performance. C1 [Chen, Jessie Y. C.] US Army, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Orlando, FL USA. [Barnes, Michael J.] US Army, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. RP Chen, JYC (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Orlando, FL USA. EM yun-sheng.c.chen.civ@mail.mil; michael.j.barnes.civ@mail.mil NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4799-8696-5 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2015 BP 1381 EP 1385 DI 10.1109/SMC.2015.245 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE2BU UT WOS:000368940201077 ER PT J AU Indest, KJ Eberly, JO Hancock, DE AF Indest, Karl J. Eberly, Jed O. Hancock, Dawn E. TI Expression and characterization of an N-oxygenase from Rhodococcus jostii RHAI SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aromatic amino acids; N-oxygenase; Rhodococcus ID STREPTOMYCES-THIOLUTEUS; IN-VITRO; BIOSYNTHESIS; AURF; GENE; CHLORAMPHENICOL; BIODEGRADATION; RECONSTITUTION; CLUSTER; FAMILY AB Nitro group-containing natural products are rare in nature. There are few examples of N-oxygenases, enzymes that incorporate atmospheric oxygen into primary and secondary amines, characterized in the literature. N-oxygenases have yet to be characterized from the Corynebacterineae, a metabolically diverse group of organisms that includes the genera Rhodococcus, Gordonia, and Mycobacterium. A preliminary in silico search for N-oxygenase AurF gene orthologs revealed multiple protein candidates present in the genome of the Actinomycete Rhodococcus jostii RHAI (RHAI_ro06104). Towards the goal of identifying novel biocatalysts with potential utility for the biosynthesis of nitroaromatics, AurF ortholog RHAI_ro6104 was cloned, expressed and purified in E. coli and amine and nitro containing phenol substrates tested for activity. RHAI-ro06104 showed the highest activity with 4-aminophenol, producing a V-max of 18.76 mu M s(-1) and a K-m of 15.29 mM and demonstrated significant activities with 2-aminophenol and 2-amino-5-methylphenol, producing a V-max of 12.86 and 12.72 mu M s(-1) with a K-m of 8.34 and 2.81 mM, respectively. These findings are consistent with a substrate range observed in other N-oxygenases, which seem to accommodate substrates that lack halogenated substitutions and side groups directly flanking the amine group. Attempts to identify modulators of RHAI-ro06104 gene activity demonstrated that aromatic amino acids inhibit expression by almost 50%. C1 [Indest, Karl J.; Eberly, Jed O.; Hancock, Dawn E.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Indest, KJ (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD EP P, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Karl.J.Indest@usace.army.mil FU US Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Quality Program FX This research was funded through the US Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Quality Program. Views, opinions and/or findings contained herein are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position or decision, unless so designated by other official documentation. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 10 PU MICROBIOL RES FOUNDATION PI TOKYO PA JAPAN ACAD SOC CENTER BLDG 4-16 YAYOI 2-CHOME, TOKYO, 113-0032, JAPAN SN 0022-1260 EI 1349-8037 J9 J GEN APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2015 VL 61 IS 6 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.2323/jgam.61.217 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA DB6RQ UT WOS:000368643100001 PM 26782651 ER PT S AU Perkins, E Garcia-Reyero, N Edwards, S Wittwehr, C Villeneuve, D Lyons, D Ankley, G AF Perkins, Edward Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Edwards, Stephen Wittwehr, Clemens Villeneuve, Daniel Lyons, David Ankley, Gerald BE Hoeng, J Peitsch, MC TI The Adverse Outcome Pathway: A Conceptual Framework to Support Toxicity Testing in the Twenty-First Century SO COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS TOXICOLOGY SE Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Predictive toxicology; Ecotoxicology; Key events; Computational biology; Network science; Risk assessment ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; HUMAN RELEVANCE FRAMEWORK; FOLLICULAR CELL TUMORS; EARLY FISH DEVELOPMENT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; FATHEAD MINNOW; CANCER MODE; NETWORK INFERENCE; THYROID-HORMONE; IPCS FRAMEWORK AB The need to rapidly characterize the risk of large numbers of chemicals has moved the traditional toxicological paradigm from animal testing to a pathway-based approach using in vitro assay systems and modeling where possible. Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) provide a conceptual framework that can be used to link in vitro assay results to whole animal effects in a pathway context. AOPs are defined and examples are provided to demonstrate key characteristics of AOPs. To support development and application of AOPs, a knowledge base has been developed containing a Wiki site designed to permit documentation of AOPs in a crowd-sourced manner. Both empirical and computational methods are demonstrated to play a significant role in AOP development. The combination of computational approaches, including different modeling efforts, together with apical end points within the pathway-based framework will allow for a better understanding of the linkage of events from a molecular initiating event to a potential adverse outcome, therefore defi ning key events, AOPs, and even networks of AOPS. While these approaches are indeed very promising, the ability to understand and defi ne key events and key event relationships will remain one of the more complex and challenging efforts within AOP development. In order to make AOPs useful for risk assessment these challenges need to be understood and overcome. An interdisciplinary approach including apical and molecular measurements, computational, and modeling efforts is currently being one of the most promising approaches to ensure AOPs become the useful framework they were designed to be. C1 [Perkins, Edward] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Genom Biocomp & Biotechnol, Starkville, MS USA. [Edwards, Stephen; Lyons, David] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wittwehr, Clemens] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Syst Toxicol Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Villeneuve, Daniel; Ankley, Gerald] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Perkins, E (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RI Lyons, David/G-3459-2011 OI Lyons, David/0000-0002-2966-5634 NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1557-2153 BN 978-1-4939-2778-4; 978-1-4939-2777-7 J9 METHOD PHARMACOL TOX JI Methods Pharmacol. Toxicol. PY 2015 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2778-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-2778-4 PG 26 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BE1QP UT WOS:000368400200002 ER PT J AU Lee, SS Li, WL Kim, C Cho, M Catalano, JG Lafferty, BJ Decuzzi, P Fortner, JD AF Lee, Seung Soo Li, Wenlu Kim, Changwoo Cho, Minjung Catalano, Jeffrey G. Lafferty, Brandon J. Decuzzi, Paolo Fortner, John D. TI Engineered manganese oxide nanocrystals for enhanced uranyl sorption and separation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO LA English DT Article ID FULLERENE C-60 NANOPARTICLES; MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES; MONODISPERSE NANOCRYSTALS; URANIUM(VI) ADSORPTION; ENVIRONMENTAL WATER; HUMIC-ACID; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; REDUCTION; MECHANISM AB For the first time, this work develops and demonstrates precisely engineered manganese oxide nanoscale particles for the sorption of uranium, as uranyl, in water. Size controlled monodisperse nanocrystalline manganese oxides (12 to 28 nm) were systematically synthesized via thermal decomposition of manganese oleate and phase-transferred into water by ligand exchange and bilayer stabilization methods. Resulting monodisperse suspensions demonstrate significantly enhanced uranyl adsorption as a function of size, surface coating chemistries, and solution pH. In particular, 12 nm particles coated with the unsaturated-unsaturated carbon chains linked bilayers, (e.g. oleic acid-oleyl phosphate linked bilayer coatings) have binding capacities well over 600 mg U per g of Mn, which is the highest reported uranium sorption capacity for any manganese based sorbent to date. Further, we spectrally identify significant uranyl reduction as part of the adsorption mechanism(s) for high capacity materials. Last, oleyl-based (phosphate and carboxylic) functionalized bilayered nanocrystals were extremely stable in the presence of high ionic strength/type (>800 mM); calcium (>19 mM), including the presence of uranyl cations (from 0.1 to 60 ppm). Taken together, these data demonstrate the potential for engineered monodisperse manganese oxide nanocrystals as ultra-high capacity platform sorbent materials for uranium separation at environmentally relevant ionic strengths and pH. C1 [Lee, Seung Soo; Li, Wenlu; Kim, Changwoo; Fortner, John D.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Cho, Minjung; Decuzzi, Paolo] Houston Methodist Res Inst, Dept Translat Imaging, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Cho, Minjung; Decuzzi, Paolo] Houston Methodist Res Inst, Dept Nanomed, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Catalano, Jeffrey G.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Lafferty, Brandon J.] US Army, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Fortner, JD (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM jfortner@wustl.edu RI Decuzzi, Paolo/F-1899-2016; Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013; Lee, Seung Soo/A-6418-2012; Kim, Changwoo/K-9271-2014 OI Decuzzi, Paolo/0000-0001-6050-4188; Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X; Kim, Changwoo/0000-0002-8117-842X FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [W912HZ-13-2-0009-P00001]; ACS Petroleum Research Fund [52640-DNI10]; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-1161543]; National Science Foundation [ECS-0335765] FX This work is supported by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (W912HZ-13-2-0009-P00001) and ACS Petroleum Research Fund (52640-DNI10). XRD measurements were made possible by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR-1161543). TEM, DLS, Ultracentrifugation, ICP-OES, and ICP-MS were provided by the Nano Research Facility (NRF) at Washington University in St. Louis, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), which is supported by the National Science Foundation (ECS-0335765). We would like to acknowledge Daniel E. Giammar in his assistance and helpful discussion of uranium adsorption measurement. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2051-8153 EI 2051-8161 J9 ENVIRON SCI-NANO JI Environ.-Sci. Nano PY 2015 VL 2 IS 5 BP 500 EP 508 DI 10.1039/c5en00010f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DB4HC UT WOS:000368473100008 ER PT S AU Murrill, SR Jacobs, EL Franck, CC Petkie, DT De Lucia, FC AF Murrill, Steven R. Jacobs, Eddie L. Franck, Charmaine C. Petkie, Douglas T. De Lucia, Frank C. BE Salmon, NA Jacobs, EL TI An Enhanced MMW and SMMW/THz Imaging System Performance Prediction and Analysis Tool for Concealed Weapon Detection and Pilotage Obstacle Avoidance SO MILLIMETRE WAVE AND TERAHERTZ SENSORS AND TECHNOLOGY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimetre Wave and Terahertz Sensors and Technology VIII CY SEP 22, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Enhanced; Millimeter Wave; Sub-Millimeter Wave; Terahertz; Imaging; Security; Concealed Weapon Detection; Imaging System; Performance Modeling; Active Illumination; Model; Component; Design Tool AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has continued to develop and enhance a millimeter-wave (MMW) and sub-millimeter-wave (SMMW)/terahertz (THz)-band imaging system performance prediction and analysis tool for both the detection and identification of concealed weaponry, and for pilotage obstacle avoidance. The details of the MATLAB-based model which accounts for the effects of all critical sensor and display components, for the effects of atmospheric attenuation, concealment material attenuation, and active illumination, were reported on at the 2005 SPIE Europe Security & Defence Symposium (Brugge). An advanced version of the base model that accounts for both the dramatic impact that target and background orientation can have on target observability as related to specular and Lambertian reflections captured by an active-illumination-based imaging system, and for the impact of target and background thermal emission, was reported on at the 2007 SPIE Defense and Security Symposium (Orlando). Further development of this tool that includes a MODTRAN-based atmospheric attenuation calculator and advanced system architecture configuration inputs that allow for straightforward performance analysis of active or passive systems based on scanning (single-or line-array detector element(s)) or staring (focal-plane-array detector elements) imaging architectures was reported on at the 2011 SPIE Europe Security & Defence Symposium (Prague). This paper provides a comprehensive review of a newly enhanced MMW and SMMW/THz imaging system analysis and design tool that now includes an improved noise sub-model for more accurate and reliable performance predictions, the capability to account for post-capture image contrast enhancement, and the capability to account for concealment material backscatter with active-illumination-based systems. Present plans for additional expansion of the model's predictive capabilities are also outlined. C1 [Murrill, Steven R.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Jacobs, Eddie L.] Univ Memphis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Franck, Charmaine C.] NASA Langley Hampton, Hampton, VA 23692 USA. [Petkie, Douglas T.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [De Lucia, Frank C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Murrill, SR (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM steven.r.murrill2.civ@mail.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-861-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9651 AR 965104 DI 10.1117/12.2216085 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE1YU UT WOS:000368733700003 ER PT S AU Chan, WR Stelmakh, V Waits, CM Soljacic, M Joannopoulos, JD Celanovic, I AF Chan, Walker R. Stelmakh, Veronika Waits, Christopher M. Soljacic, Marin Joannopoulos, John D. Celanovic, Ivan GP IOP TI Photonic Crystal Enabled Thermophotovoltaics for a Portable Microgenerator SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO AND NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR POWER GENERATION AND ENERGY CONVERSION APPLICATIONS (POWERMEMS 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Micro and Nanotechnology for Power Generation and Energy Conversion Applications (PowerMEMS) CY DEC 01-04, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP Transducer Res Fdn, NE Univ, Massachusetts Inst Technol, Amer Elements, DJ DevCorp, Edwards Vacuum, Femtotools, Konishiyasu Co Ltd, MEMS Ind Grp, MEMS Journal Inc, MEMS & Nanotechnol Exchange, MiQro Innovat Collaborat Ctr, Multi Funct Integrated Syst Technol Ctr, Piezo Syst Inc, TECNISCO Ltd, Tousimis, ULVAC Technol ID EFFICIENCY; DENSITY; CELLS AB This work presents the design and characterization of a first-of-a-kind millimeter-scale thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system using a metallic microburner, photonic crystal emitter, and low-bandgap photovoltaic (PV) cells. In our TPV system, combustion heats the emitter to incandescence and the resulting thermal radiation is converted to electricity by the low bandgap PV cells. Our motivation is to harness the high specific energy of hydrocarbon fuels at the micro- and millimeter-scale in order to meet the increasing power demands of micro robotics and portable electronics. Our experimental demonstration lays the groundwork for developing a TPV microgenerator as a viable battery replacement. C1 [Chan, Walker R.; Stelmakh, Veronika; Joannopoulos, John D.; Celanovic, Ivan] MIT, Inst Soldier Nanotechnol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Stelmakh, Veronika] MIT, Dept Elect Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Waits, Christopher M.] US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Soljacic, Marin; Joannopoulos, John D.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Chan, WR (reprint author), MIT, Inst Soldier Nanotechnol, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM wrchan@mit.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 660 AR 012069 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/660/1/012069 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BE1NT UT WOS:000368252900066 ER PT S AU Ervin, MH Isaacson, B Levine, LB AF Ervin, Matthew H. Isaacson, Brian Levine, Louis B. GP IOP TI Process for integration of energetic porous silicon devices SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO AND NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR POWER GENERATION AND ENERGY CONVERSION APPLICATIONS (POWERMEMS 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Micro and Nanotechnology for Power Generation and Energy Conversion Applications (PowerMEMS) CY DEC 01-04, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP Transducer Res Fdn, NE Univ, Massachusetts Inst Technol, Amer Elements, DJ DevCorp, Edwards Vacuum, Femtotools, Konishiyasu Co Ltd, MEMS Ind Grp, MEMS Journal Inc, MEMS & Nanotechnol Exchange, MiQro Innovat Collaborat Ctr, Multi Funct Integrated Syst Technol Ctr, Piezo Syst Inc, TECNISCO Ltd, Tousimis, ULVAC Technol AB We have developed new procedures for etching porous silicon (PSi) which allow PSi devices to be more easily integrated with other devices used for controlling or utilizing the output of the PSi devices. The output from energetic PSi devices may be used for MEMS actuation or energy harvesting applications. Initial proof-of-concept energy harvesting with a macro-scale, piezo cantilever has been demonstrated. Of the 2 etch processes developed, the sacrificial electrode process is the simplest, but it produces an inhomogeneous PSi thickness across the wafer and introduces surface topography due to electropolishing. By using the anchored electrode method, which incorporates a dielectric layer, more controllable etch depths and patterned devices are obtained. However, a proximity effect is observed where features closer to the electrode etch more rapidly. A simple voltage divider model can be used to predict these relative etch depths, but more work is required to develop a quantitative model. C1 [Ervin, Matthew H.; Isaacson, Brian; Levine, Louis B.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ervin, MH (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM Matthew.H.Ervin.civ@mail.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 660 AR 012067 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/660/1/012067 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BE1NT UT WOS:000368252900065 ER PT S AU Lazarus, N Meyer, CD AF Lazarus, N. Meyer, C. D. GP IOP TI Ferrofluid-based Stretchable Magnetic Core Inductors SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO AND NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR POWER GENERATION AND ENERGY CONVERSION APPLICATIONS (POWERMEMS 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Micro and Nanotechnology for Power Generation and Energy Conversion Applications (PowerMEMS) CY DEC 01-04, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP Transducer Res Fdn, NE Univ, Massachusetts Inst Technol, Amer Elements, DJ DevCorp, Edwards Vacuum, Femtotools, Konishiyasu Co Ltd, MEMS Ind Grp, MEMS Journal Inc, MEMS & Nanotechnol Exchange, MiQro Innovat Collaborat Ctr, Multi Funct Integrated Syst Technol Ctr, Piezo Syst Inc, TECNISCO Ltd, Tousimis, ULVAC Technol AB Magnetic materials are commonly used in inductor and transformer cores to increase inductance density. The emerging field of stretchable electronics poses a new challenge since typical magnetic cores are bulky, rigid and often brittle. This paper presents, for the first time, stretchable inductors incorporating ferrofluid as a liquid magnetic core. Ferrofluids, suspensions of nanoscale magnetic particles in a carrier liquid, provide enhanced magnetic permeability without changing the mechanical properties of the surrounding elastomer. The inductor tested in this work consisted of a liquid metal solenoid wrapped around a ferrofluid core in separate channels. The low frequency inductance was found to increase from 255 nH before fill to 390 nH after fill with ferrofluid, an increase of 52%. The inductor was also shown to survive uniaxial strains of up to 100%. C1 [Lazarus, N.; Meyer, C. D.] US Army, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lazarus, N (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM nathan.lazarus2.civ@mail.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 660 AR 012007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/660/1/012007 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BE1NT UT WOS:000368252900007 ER PT S AU Nicholls, RJ Dawson, RJ Day, SA Walker, D Mimura, N Nursey-Bray, M Nurse, L Rahman, M White, KD Zanuttigh, B AF Nicholls, Robert J. Dawson, Richard J. Day (Nee Nicholson-Cole), Sophie A. Walker, David Mimura, Nobuo Nursey-Bray, Melissa Nurse, Leonard Rahman, Munsur White, Kathleen D. Zanuttigh, Barbara BE Nicholls, RJ Dawson, RJ Day, SA TI International Opportunities for Broad Scale Coastal Simulation SO BROAD SCALE COASTAL SIMULATION: NEW TECHNIQUES TO UNDERSTAND AND MANAGE SHORELINES IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Integrated Assessment; International case studies; Transferability; Coastal management; Coastal pressures ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; INDO-PACIFIC LIONFISH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHANGING CLIMATE; CITIES; ADAPTATION; AUSTRALIA; DELTAS; POLICY AB The preceding chapters of this book have looked at the details of Integrated Assessment on the UK coast, especially in Norfolk. In addition to explaining this analysis in detail, the book aims to look for wider and more generic lessons about Integrated Assessment for coasts. In this regard, this chapter turns the focus to other parts of the world and the 'global' coast in general. Through diverse coastal examples from Australia, Bangladesh, Barbados, Italy, Japan and the USA, the opportunities and challenges associated with transferring the Tyndall Coastal Simulator approach to other locations are critically evaluated. These diverse case studies indicate a number of similarities with the tensions that are apparent in the North Norfolk case study. This includes multiple drivers such as increasing population pressures, changing land use, relative sea-level rise, management conflicts and significant/diverse stakeholder concerns. They also highlight important coastal issues that are not addressed within the Tyndall Coastal Simulator but could in principle be added - such as tsunamis, hurricanes, changing marine ecosystems, etc., as well as the range of ecological and socio-economic contexts within which the different coastline study areas are embedded. Despite these contrasts, it is clear that in general terms, the nature of multiple interacting coastal pressures and drivers means that there are numerous coastal locations around the world that would benefit from an Integrated Assessment (IA) approach. Such an approach provides a proactive method to assess present and future problems as well as considering more sustainable responses to both long-term pressures and following episodic extreme events. From this foundation, Chap. 14 examines the way forward for Integrated Assessment of coastal areas. C1 [Nicholls, Robert J.; Day (Nee Nicholson-Cole), Sophie A.] Univ Southampton, Fac Engn & Environm, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Dawson, Richard J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Walker, David] Univ Adelaide, Sch Civil Environm & Min Engn, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Mimura, Nobuo] Ibaraki Univ, Inst Global Change Adaptat Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3168511, Japan. [Nursey-Bray, Melissa] Univ Adelaide, Sch Social Sci, Populat, Geog,Environm, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Nurse, Leonard] UWI, Fac Sci & Technol, Ctr Resource Management & Environm Studies CERMES, BB-11000 St Michael, Barbados. [Rahman, Munsur] Univ Engn & Technol BUET, IWFM Bangladesh, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [White, Kathleen D.] US Army Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Global & Climate Change, Portland, OR USA. [Zanuttigh, Barbara] Univ Bologna, DICAM, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. RP Nicholls, RJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Fac Engn & Environm, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM r.j.nicholls@soton.ac.uk; richard.dawson@newcastle.ac.uk; day_soph@yahoo.co.uk; david.walker@adelaide.edu.au; mimura@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp; melissa.nursey-bray@adelaide.edu.au; leonard.nurse@cavehill.uwi.edu; mmrahman@iwfm.buet.ac.bd; Kathleen.D.White@usace.army.mil; barbara.zanuttigh@unibo.it OI Zanuttigh, Barbara/0000-0001-7728-1320; Nursey-Bray, Melissa/0000-0002-4121-5177 NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-94-007-5258-0; 978-94-007-5257-3 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2015 VL 49 BP 325 EP 347 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-5258-0_13 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-5258-0 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE1NE UT WOS:000368228700015 ER PT S AU Chambers, DR Gassaway, J Goodin, C Durst, PJ AF Chambers, David R. Gassaway, Jason Goodin, Christopher Durst, Phillip J. BE Huckridge, DA Ebert, R Gruneisen, MT Dusek, M Rarity, JG TI Simulation of a multispectral, multicamera, off-road autonomous vehicle perception system with Virtual Autonomous Navigation Environment (VANE) SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XII; AND QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems - Technology and Applications XII and Quantum Information Science and Technology CY SEP 22-23, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Unmanned Ground Vehicles; Multi-spectral Imaging; Modeling and Simulation; Off-road; Robotics; Perception AB We present a case-study in using specialized, physics-based software for high-fidelity environment and electro-optical sensor modeling in order to produce simulated sensor data that can be used to train a multi-spectral perception system for unmanned ground vehicle navigation. This case-study used the Virtual Autonomous Navigation Environment (VANE) to simulate filtered, multi-spectral imaging sensors. The VANE utilizes ray-tracing and hyperspectral material properties to capture the sensor-environment interaction. In this study we focus on a digital scene of the ERDC test track in Vicksburg, MS that has extremely detailed representation of the vegetation and ground texture. The scene model is used to generate imagery that simulates the output of specialized terrain perception hardware developed by Southwest Research Institute, which consists of stereo pair of 3-channel cameras. The perception system utilizes stereo processing, the multi-spectral responses, and image texture features in order to create a 3-dimensional world model suitable for offroad vehicle navigation, providing depth information and an estimated terrain class label for every pixel by utilizing machine learning. While the process of training the perception system generally involves hand-labeling data collected through manned missions, the ability to generate data for certain environments and lighting conditions represents an enabling technology for deployment in new theaters. We demonstrate an initial capability to simulate data and train the perception system and present the results compared to the system trained with real-world data from the same location. C1 [Chambers, David R.; Gassaway, Jason] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Goodin, Christopher; Durst, Phillip J.] US Army Corps Engn Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Chambers, DR (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-858-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9648 AR 964802 DI 10.1117/12.2194372 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE1IX UT WOS:000368009700001 ER PT J AU Mudge, CR Netherland, MD AF Mudge, Christopher R. Netherland, Michael D. TI Response of water hyacinth and nontarget emergent plants to foliar applications of bispyribac-sodium alone and combination treatments SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE acetolactate synthase inhibitors; carfentrazone-ethyl; chemical control; diquat; Eichhornia crassipes; Eleocharis cellulose; Eleocharis interstincta; endothall; flumioxazin; Panicum hemitomon; Schoenoplectus californicus; Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani; selectivity; tank mix ID SALVINIA; LETTUCE AB The recently registered aquatic herbicide bispyribac-sodium (hereafter referred to as bispyribac) is highly efficacious against several noxious aquatic plants including the floating plant water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms]. Although this acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicide is effective at low foliar use rates against water hyacinth, the development of injury symptoms and speed of control is slow compared with the herbicides 2,4-D and diquat. Therefore, mesocosm research was conducted to determine if foliar-applied combinations of bispyribac and low rates of the contact herbicides carfentrazone, diquat, endothall, or flumioxazin could improve and increase the speed of control compared with bispyribac applied alone for water hyacinth control. All foliar bispyribac alone and combination treatments containing low rates of contact herbicides reduced water hyacinth dry weight 62 to 74% of the nontreated control 6 wk after treatment (WAT). All other treatments were similar except for the bispyribac plus diquat and bispyribac plus flumioxazin treatments. There was no efficacy advantage of adding a contact herbicide to the tank mix; however, the combination treatments produced faster visual markers and the treatments containing flumioxazin and carfentrazone resulted in no plant regrowth. In addition, the bispyribac combinations were tested for selectivity against the nontarget emergent plants maidencane (Panicum hemitomon Schult.), jointed spikerush [Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl) Roem & J.A. Schult], club-rush (Eleocharis cellulosa Torr.), giant bulrush [Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey) Palla], and soft-stem bulrush [Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmel.) Palla]. All bispyribac alone and combination treatments reduced jointed spikerush and soft-stem bulrush shoot dry weight 37 to 69% and 27 to 42%, respectively, 6 WAT. Despite reductions in jointed spikerush and soft-stem bulrush dry weight, all plants were recovering by the conclusion of the experiment. On the contrary, none of the treatments affected maidencane, club-rush, or giant bulrush. These results indicate that bispyribac alone or in combination with contact herbicides may be a suitable alternative for selectively managing water hyacinth. C1 [Mudge, Christopher R.] Louisiana State Univ, US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Netherland, Michael D.] US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Mudge, CR (reprint author), US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM Christopher.R.Mudge@usace.army.mil FU USAERDC Aquatic Plant Control Research Program; FFWCC Bureau of Invasive Plant Management Section FX This research was supported by the USAERDC Aquatic Plant Control Research Program and the FFWCC Bureau of Invasive Plant Management Section. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. Citation of trade names does not constitute endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 53 BP 7 EP 13 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA7DL UT WOS:000367964700002 ER PT J AU Mudge, CR Getsinger, KD Gray, CJ AF Mudge, Christopher R. Getsinger, Kurt D. Gray, Cody J. TI Endothall (dimethylalkylamine) concentration exposure time evaluation against two populations of Elodea canadensis SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HYDRILLA C1 [Mudge, Christopher R.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Getsinger, Kurt D.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Gray, Cody J.] United Phosphorus Inc, Peyton, CO 80831 USA. RP Mudge, CR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM Christopher.R.Mudge@usace.army.mil FU United Phosphorus, Inc.; Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Foundation FX This research was supported by United Phosphorus, Inc. and the Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Foundation. Appreciation is extended to Katharine DeRossette, Ford Biedenharn, Heidi Sedivy and John Skogerboe for technical assistance throughout the research. LeeAnn Glomski and Joseph Vassios kindly provided reviews of this manuscript. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. Citation of trade names does not constitute endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 53 BP 130 EP 133 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA7DL UT WOS:000367964700017 ER PT S AU Zarling, S Krzych, U AF Zarling, Stasya Krzych, Urszula BE Vaughan, AM TI Characterization of Liver CD8 T Cell Subsets that are Associated with Protection Against Pre-erythrocytic Plasmodium Parasites SO MALARIA VACCINES: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Malaria; Flow cytometry; CD8 T cells; CD8 T cell subsets; Liver ID INDUCED FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; BERGHEI SPOROZOITES; PROTRACTED PROTECTION; FLUORESCENCE; IMMUNIZATION AB Murine models of malaria, such as Plasmodium berghei (Pb) and Plasmodium yoelii (Py), have been used for decades to identify correlates of protection associated with immunization using radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS). To date, RAS is the only known immunization regimen to consistently deliver 100 % sterilizing immunity and is considered the "gold standard" of protection against malaria. The ability to isolate lymphocytes directly from the liver of immune mice has facilitated the identification of correlates of protection at the site of infection. Liver CD8 T cells have been identified as a key factor in mediating protection against challenge with infectious Plasmodium sporozoites. Liver CD3 + CD8 T cells can further be divided into subsets based on the expression of specific surface molecules and the increase of CD8 effector memory (T-EM) cells (identified by the phenotype CD44(+)CD62L(-)) has been shown to mediate protection by releasing of IFN-gamma while CD8 central memory (T-CM) cells (CD44(+)CD62L(+)) are important for maintaining long-term protection. Identification of multiple CD8 T cell subsets present in the liver relies on the ability to detect multiple surface markers simultaneously. Polychromatic flow cytometry affords the user with the ability to distinguish multiple lymphocyte populations as well as subsets defined within each population. In this chapter we present a basic 9-color surface staining panel that can be used to identify CD8 T-EM, CD8 T-CM, short-lived effector cells (SLECs), and memory precursor cells (MPECs) as well as identify those cells which have recently undergone degranulation (surface expression of CD107a). This panel has been designed to allow for the addition of intracellular staining for IFN-gamma on other available channels (such as PE) as is discussed in another chapter for analysis of functional CD8 T cell responses. C1 [Zarling, Stasya; Krzych, Urszula] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Malaria Vaccine Branch, Dept Cellular Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Zarling, S (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Malaria Vaccine Branch, Dept Cellular Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-2815-6; 978-1-4939-2814-9 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2015 VL 1325 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2815-6_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-2815-6 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA BE1OY UT WOS:000368336600004 PM 26450377 ER PT S AU Pichugin, A Krzych, U AF Pichugin, Alexander Krzych, Urszula BE Vaughan, AM TI Detection of Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium yoelii Liver-Stage Parasite Burden by Quantitative Real-Time PCR SO MALARIA VACCINES: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Malaria; Liver-stage; Plasmodium; Real-time PCR; 18S ribosomal RNA; Parasite load ID MALARIA PARASITE; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIVITY; EFFICACY; MICE; RNA AB Direct detection and quantification of liver-stage Plasmodium parasites became possible with the development of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Here we describe the measurement of parasite burden in the livers of mice infected with the rodent malaria species, Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium yoelii. This method is based on detection of expression of parasite ribosomal 18S RNA and can serve as an endpoint to accurately evaluate the efficacy of vaccines targeting the preerythrocytic stages of malaria. This approach is fast and highly reproducible and allows quantification of liver-stage parasite burden in different mouse strains and different Plasmodium species after infection with a range of sporozoite challenge doses. C1 [Pichugin, Alexander] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Immunol, Malaria Vaccine Branch, Mil Malaria Res Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Krzych, Urszula] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Immunol, Malaria Vaccine Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Pichugin, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Immunol, Malaria Vaccine Branch, Mil Malaria Res Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. OI Pichugin, Alexander/0000-0002-2577-7284 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-2815-6; 978-1-4939-2814-9 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2015 VL 1325 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2815-6_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-2815-6 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA BE1OY UT WOS:000368336600008 PM 26450381 ER PT S AU Duncan, EH Bergmann-Leitner, ES AF Duncan, Elizabeth H. Bergmann-Leitner, Elke S. BE Vaughan, AM TI Miniaturized Growth Inhibition Assay to Assess the Anti-blood Stage Activity of Antibodies SO MALARIA VACCINES: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Plasmodium; Antibodies; Growth inhibition; High-throughput; Functional assay ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PROTECTION; INFECTION; CHILDREN; CULTURE; VACCINE AB While no immune correlate for blood-stage specific immunity against Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been identified, there is strong evidence that antibodies directed to various malarial antigens play a crucial role. In an effort to evaluate the role of antibodies in inhibiting growth and/or invasion of erythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite it will be necessary to test large sample sets from Phase 2a/b trials as well as epidemiological studies. The major constraints for such analyses are (1) availability of sufficient sample quantities (especially from infants and small children) and (2) the throughput of standard growth inhibition assays. The method described here assesses growth-and invasion inhibition by measuring the metabolic activity and viability of the parasite (by using a parasite lactate dehydrogenase-specific substrate) in a 384-microtiter plate format. This culture method can be extended beyond the described detection system to accommodate other techniques commonly used for growth/invasion-inhibition. C1 [Duncan, Elizabeth H.; Bergmann-Leitner, Elke S.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Malaria Vaccine Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Duncan, EH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Malaria Vaccine Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-2815-6; 978-1-4939-2814-9 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2015 VL 1325 BP 153 EP 165 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2815-6_13 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-2815-6 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA BE1OY UT WOS:000368336600014 PM 26450387 ER PT S AU Bergmann-Leitner, ES Leitner, WW AF Bergmann-Leitner, Elke S. Leitner, Wolfgang W. BE Vaughan, AM TI Vaccination Using Gene-Gun Technology SO MALARIA VACCINES: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE DNA vaccines; Immunization; Gene gun; Particle-mediated epidermal delivery; Biolistic vaccine ID IN-VIVO ELECTROPORATION; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; DNA VACCINES; PLASMID DNA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; BOOST IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MALARIA; PROTECTION; IMMUNOGENICITY AB DNA vaccines against infection with Plasmodium have been highly successful in rodent models of malaria and have shown promise in the very limited number of clinical trials conducted so far. The vaccine platform is highly attractive for numerous reasons, such as low cost and a very favorable safety profile. Gene gun delivery of DNA plasmids drastically reduces the vaccine dose and does not only have the potential to make vaccines more accessible and affordable, but also simplifies (a) the testing of novel antigens as vaccine candidates, (b) the testing of antigen combinations, and (c) the co-delivery of antigens with molecular adjuvants such as cytokines or costimulatory molecules. Described in this chapter are the preparation of the inoculum (i.e., DNA plasmids attached to gold particles, coating to the inside of plastic tubing also referred to as gene gun "bullets"or cartridges), the gene gun vaccination procedure, and the challenge of mice with Plasmodium berghei parasites to test the efficacy of the experimental vaccine. C1 [Bergmann-Leitner, Elke S.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Malaria Vaccine Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Leitner, Wolfgang W.] NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Bergmann-Leitner, ES (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Malaria Vaccine Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-2815-6; 978-1-4939-2814-9 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2015 VL 1325 BP 289 EP 302 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2815-6_22 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-2815-6 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA BE1OY UT WOS:000368336600023 PM 26450396 ER PT S AU Osgood, RM Giardini, SA Carlson, JB Joghee, P O'Hayre, RP Diest, K Rothschild, M AF Osgood, Richard M. Giardini, Stephen A. Carlson, Joel B. Joghee, Prabhuram O'Hayre, Ryan P. Diest, Kenneth Rothschild, Mordechai BE Engheta, N Noginov, MA Zheludev, NI TI Stripe-teeth metamaterial Al- and Nb-based rectennas SO METAMATERIALS, METADEVICES, AND METASYSTEMS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Metamaterials, Metadevices, and Metasystems CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Osgood, Richard M.; Giardini, Stephen A.; Carlson, Joel B.] US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA USA. [Joghee, Prabhuram; O'Hayre, Ryan P.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Diest, Kenneth; Rothschild, Mordechai] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-710-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9544 AR 95441W DI 10.1117/12.2188779 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BE1IY UT WOS:000368010300050 ER PT J AU Owens, BD Cameron, KL Peck, KY DeBerardino, TM Nelson, BJ Taylor, DC Tenuta, J Svoboda, SJ AF Owens, Brett D. Cameron, Kenneth L. Peck, Karen Y. DeBerardino, Thomas M. Nelson, Bradley J. Taylor, Dean C. Tenuta, Joachim Svoboda, Steven J. TI Arthroscopic Versus Open Stabilization for Anterior Shoulder Subluxations SO ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE shoulder; subluxation; instability; repair; arthroscopy ID DISLOCATIONS; POPULATION; YOUNG AB Background: Most of the literature on shoulder instability focuses on patients experiencing anterior glenohumeral dislocation, with little known about the treatment of anterior subluxation events. Purpose: To determine the outcomes of surgical stabilization of patients with anterior glenohumeral subluxations and to compare open and arthroscopic approaches. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with anterior glenohumeral subluxations undergoing surgical stabilization. Patients were offered randomization between open and arthroscopic stabilization. Inclusion criteria included patients with anterior glenohumeral subluxations undergoing Bankart repair, while exclusions included the presence of glenoid or humeral bone loss, multidirectional instability, capsular tear/humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament lesion, and rotator cuff tear requiring repair. Patients were randomized to an open Bankart repair through a subscapularis takedown or an arthroscopic Bankart repair, both using the same bioabsorbable suture anchors, and they were followed for a minimum of 2 years. Outcomes were evaluated with the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score (ASES), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Rowe, and Tegner activity scores. Results: A total of 26 patients were enrolled, with 7 being lost to follow-up. Complete follow-up data were available on 19 subjects (74%): 10 in the open group and 9 in the arthroscopic group. There were no significant differences noted between the randomized groups, with a 2-year WOSI score of 320 in the open subjects and 330 in the arthroscopic subjects, and similar findings in the other scoring scales. There were no cases of dislocation following surgery. There were 3 patients with recurrent instability (subluxations only) in each group at a mean of 17 months, for an overall recurrent subluxation rate of 31%. These subjects with recurrence had lower outcome scores (WOSI, 532; SANE, 88.4). The outcomes of the 9 subjects with <= 3 subluxation events were superior to those of the 10 subjects with >3 events prior to stabilization. The patients with <= 3 events had a WOSI score of 143, compared with 470 (P=.042), and an ASES mean score of 98.8, compared with 87.1 (P=.048). Four of the 6 patients with recurrent subluxations had sustained >3 subluxations prior to stabilization. Conclusion: Overall, patients with Bankart lesions resulting from an anterior glenohumeral subluxation event had excellent outcomes with surgical stabilization. The overall recurrence in the 19 subjects with at least 2-year follow-up was 6 cases (31%), with no instances of dislocation in this young, active cohort. There was no significant benefit to open or arthroscopic stabilization, and we did find that stabilization of subluxation patients with <= 3 events resulted in superior outcomes compared with chronic recurrent subluxation patients with >3 events. We recommend early surgical stabilization of young athletes with Bankart lesions that result from anterior subluxation events. C1 [Owens, Brett D.; Cameron, Kenneth L.; Peck, Karen Y.; DeBerardino, Thomas M.; Nelson, Bradley J.; Taylor, Dean C.; Tenuta, Joachim; Svoboda, Steven J.] US Mil Acad, Keller Army Hosp, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Owens, BD (reprint author), Keller Army Hosp, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM b.owens@us.army.mil OI DeBerardino, Thomas/0000-0002-7110-8743; Cameron, Kenneth/0000-0002-6276-4482 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 2325-9671 J9 ORTHOP J SPORTS MED JI Orthop. J. Sports Med. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 3 IS 1 AR 2325967115571084 DI 10.1177/2325967115571084 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA DA7II UT WOS:000367977400004 PM 26535374 ER PT J AU Mysliwiec, V Matsangas, P Gill, J Baxter, T O'Reilly, B Collen, JF Roth, BJ AF Mysliwiec, Vincent Matsangas, Panagiotis Gill, Jessica Baxter, Tristin O'Reilly, Brian Collen, Jacob F. Roth, Bernard J. TI A Comparative Analysis of Sleep Disordered Breathing in Active Duty Service Members with and without Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE obstructive sleep apnea; posttraumatic stress; disorder; depression; military; combat ID US MILITARY PERSONNEL; APNEA; PTSD; VETERANS; QUALITY; ADHERENCE; CPAP; NIGHTMARES; DEPRESSION; INSOMNIA AB Study Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are frequently co-occurring illnesses. The purpose of this study was to determine whether comorbid PTSD/OSA is associated with increased PTSD symptoms or decreased OSA severity compared to PTSD or OSA alone in recently deployed Active Duty Service Members (ADSM). Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of ADSM who returned from combat within 24 months. Participants underwent an attended diagnostic polysomnogram and were assessed for PTSD, depression, combat exposure severity, sleepiness, and sleep quality with validated clinical instruments. Results: Our study included 109 military personnel who returned from a combat deployment within 24 months with a mean age of 34.3 +/- 8.23 and BMI of 30.8 +/- 3.99. Twenty-four participants had PTSD/OSA, 68 had OSA, and 17 had PTSD. Mean PTSD Checklist- Military Version (PCL-M) scores were 62.0 +/- 8.95, 60.5 +/- 4.73, and 32.5 +/- 8.95 in PTSD/OSA, PTSD, and OSA, respectively. The mean AHI was 16.9 +/- 15.0, 18.9 +/- 17.0, and 1.73 +/- 1.3 for those with PTSD/OSA, OSA, and PTSD. PTSD symptoms and OSA severity in military personnel with comorbid PTSD/OSA were not significantly different from those with PTSD or OSA alone. On multivariate analysis, BMI was a significant predictor of OSA (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.44) and age trended towards significance. Depression, but not OSA severity, was associated with PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: Following recent combat exposure, comorbid PTSD/OSA is not associated with increased PTSD symptoms or decreased severity of OSA. Early evaluation after traumatic exposure for comorbid OSA is indicated in PTSD patients with sleep complaints given the high co-occurrence and adverse clinical implications. C1 [Mysliwiec, Vincent] 121st Gen Hosp, Med Specialties Clin Unit 15281, Seoul, South Korea. [Matsangas, Panagiotis] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Gill, Jessica] NINR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Baxter, Tristin; O'Reilly, Brian; Roth, Bernard J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Collen, Jacob F.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Mysliwiec, V (reprint author), Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Med Wing 59, Sleep Disorders Ctr, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Joint Base Lackland, TX 78236 USA. EM vincent.mysliwiec.mil@mail.mil NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 1550-9389 EI 1550-9397 J9 J CLIN SLEEP MED JI J. Clin. Sleep Med. PY 2015 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1393 EP 1401 AR PII jc-00183-15 DI 10.5664/jcsm.5272 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA DA1UT UT WOS:000367581700007 PM 26156954 ER PT J AU Samy, RP Stiles, BG Chinnathambi, A Zayed, ME Alharbi, SA Franco, OL Rowan, EG Kumar, AP Lim, LHK Sethi, G AF Samy, Ramar Perumal Stiles, Bradley G. Chinnathambi, Arunachalam Zayed, M. E. Alharbi, Sulaiman Ali Franco, Octavio Luiz Rowan, Edward G. Kumar, Alan Prem Lim, Lina H. K. Sethi, Gautam TI Viperatoxin-II: A novel viper venom protein as an effective bactericidal agent SO FEBS OPEN BIO LA English DT Article DE Bactericidal; Daboia russelli russelli; Phospholipase A(2); Viperatoxin-I; Viperatoxin-II ID MYOTOXIC PHOSPHOLIPASES A(2); RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CROTALID SNAKE-VENOMS; C-TERMINAL REGION; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; BURKHOLDERIA-PSEUDOMALLEI; ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have become a rising threat to public health. There is an urgent need for development of promising new therapeutic agents against drug resistant bacteria like S. aureus. This report discusses purification and characterization of proteins from Indian Russell's viper snake venom. Novel 15-kDa proteins called "Viperatoxin" (VipTx-I and VipTx-II) were extracted from the whole venom and evaluated using in vitro antimicrobial experiments. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of "Viperatoxin" showed high sequence homology to daboiatoxin isolated from the same venom and also matched phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) enzymes isolated from other snake venoms. In an in vitro plate assay, VipTx-II but not VipTx-I showed strong antimicrobial effects against S. aureus and Burkholderia pseudomallei (KHW & TES), Proteus vulgaris and P. mirabilis. The VipTx-II was further tested by a brothdilution assay at 100-3.125 mu g/ml concentrations. The most potent bactericidal effect was found at the lowest dilutions (MICs of 6.25 mu g/ml) against B. pseudomallei, S. aureus and P. vulgaris (MICs of 12.25 mu g/ml). Electron microscopic investigation revealed that the protein-induced bactericidal potency was closely associated with pore formation and membrane damage, even at the lowest concentrations (< 20 mu g/ml). The toxin caused a low level of cytotoxic effects as observed in human (THP-1) cells at higher concentrations. Molecular weight determinations of VipTx-II by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed one major, along with a few minor bands. The results indicate that VipTx-II plays a significant role in bactericidal and membrane damaging effects in vitro. Non-cytotoxic properties on human cells highlight it as a promising candidate for further evaluation of antimicrobial potential in vivo. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 [Samy, Ramar Perumal] Natl Univ Singapore, Venom & Toxin Res Programme, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Anat,NUHS, Singapore 117597, Singapore. [Samy, Ramar Perumal] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, NUHS, Singapore 117597, Singapore. [Samy, Ramar Perumal; Lim, Lina H. K.] Natl Univ Singapore, Natl Univ Hlth Syst, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Physiol,NUS Immunol Programme,Ctr Life Sci, Singapore 117456, Singapore. [Stiles, Bradley G.] US Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Integrated Toxicol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Stiles, Bradley G.] Wilson Coll, Dept Biol, Chambersburg, PA 17201 USA. [Chinnathambi, Arunachalam; Zayed, M. E.; Alharbi, Sulaiman Ali; Sethi, Gautam] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Franco, Octavio Luiz] Univ Catolica Brasilia, Ctr Anal Prote & Bioquim, Posgrad Ciencias Genom & Biotecnol UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Franco, Octavio Luiz] Univ Catolica Dom Bosco, S Inova Biotech, Posgrad Biotecnol, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. [Rowan, Edward G.] Univ Strathclyde, Strathclyde Inst Pharm & Biomed Sci, Glasgow G4 0RE, Lanark, Scotland. [Kumar, Alan Prem; Sethi, Gautam] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Singapore 117600, Singapore. [Kumar, Alan Prem; Sethi, Gautam] Natl Univ Singapore, Canc Sci Inst, Singapore 117599, Singapore. [Kumar, Alan Prem] Curtin Univ, Sch Biomed Sci, Bentley, WA, Australia. [Kumar, Alan Prem] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Samy, RP (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Natl Univ Hlth Syst, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Physiol,NUS Immunol Programme,Ctr Life Sci, Singapore 117456, Singapore. EM phsrp@nus.edu.sg RI Chinnathambi, Arunachalam/E-7808-2016; OI Chinnathambi, Arunachalam/0000-0002-7126-8421; Lim, Lina/0000-0002-2935-2275 FU Defence Science Technology Agency (DSTA), Singapore [R-181-000-063-422]; Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Sciences Research Centre, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi; National Medical Research Council of Singapore [R-713-000-177-511]; NCIS Yong Siew Yoon Research Grant from the Yong Loo Lin Trust; National Research Foundation Singapore; Singapore Ministry of Education under its Research Centres of Excellence initiative; CAPES; CNPq; FAPDF; FUNDECT FX This work was supported by Defence Science Technology Agency (DSTA) grant R-181-000-063-422 (DSO), Singapore. The Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Sciences Research Centre, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi also supported this work. This work was also supported by grants from the National Medical Research Council of Singapore [R-713-000-177-511], and by the NCIS Yong Siew Yoon Research Grant through donations from the Yong Loo Lin Trust to APK. APK was also supported by the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under its Research Centres of Excellence initiative to Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore. The author OLF is supported by CAPES, CNPq, FAPDF and FUNDECT. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 2211-5463 J9 FEBS OPEN BIO JI FEBS Open Bio PY 2015 VL 5 BP 928 EP 941 DI 10.1016/j.fob.2015.10.004 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CZ3JC UT WOS:000366999300112 PM 26793432 ER PT S AU Chen, H Kim, JS Amarasinghe, P Palosz, W Jin, F Trivedi, S Burger, A Marsh, JC Litz, MS Wijewarnasuriya, PS Gupta, N Jensen, J Jensen, J AF Chen, Henry Kim, Joo-Soo Amarasinghe, Priyanthi Palosz, Withold Jin, Feng Trivedi, Sudhir Burger, Arnold Marsh, Jarrod C. Litz, Marc S. Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal S. Gupta, Neelam Jensen, Janet Jensen, James BE Franks, L James, RB Fiederle, M Burger, A TI Novel Semiconductor Radiation Detector Based on Mercurous Halides SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE RTSD; gamma; neutron; COTS; alternative material; mercurous halides; homeland security AB The three most important desirable features in the search for room temperature semiconductor detector (RTSD) candidate as an alternative material to current commercially off-the-shelf (COTS) material for gamma and/or thermal neutron detection are: low cost, high performance and long term stability. This is especially important for pager form application in homeland security. Despite years of research, no RTSD candidate so far can satisfy the above 3 features simultaneously. In this work, we show that mercurous halide materials Hg2X2 (X= I, Cl, Br) is a new class of innovative compound semiconductors that is capable of delivering breakthrough advances to COTS radiation detector materials. These materials are much easier to grow thicker and larger volume crystals. They can detect gamma and potentially neutron radiation making it possible to detect two types of radiation with just one crystal material. The materials have wider bandgaps (compared to COTS) meaning higher resistivity and lower leakage current, making this new technology more compatible with available microelectronics. The materials also have higher atomic number and density leading to higher stopping power and better detector sensitivity/efficiency. They are not hazardous so there are no environmental and health concerns during manufacturing and are more stable making them more practical for commercial deployment. Focus will be on Hg2I2. Material characterization and detector performance will be presented and discussed. Initial results show that an energy resolution better than 2% @ 59.6 keV gamma from Am-241 and near 1% @ 662 keV from Cs-137 source can be achieved at room temperature. C1 [Chen, Henry; Kim, Joo-Soo; Amarasinghe, Priyanthi; Palosz, Withold; Jin, Feng; Trivedi, Sudhir] Brimrose Technol Corp, Sparks, MD 21152 USA. [Burger, Arnold] Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashiville, TN 37208 USA. [Marsh, Jarrod C.; Litz, Marc S.; Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal S.; Gupta, Neelam] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Jensen, Janet] US Army Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Edgewood, MD 21010 USA. [Jensen, James] CSAC, Dept Homeland Secur, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Brimrose Technol Corp, Sparks, MD 21152 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-759-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9593 AR 95930G DI 10.1117/12.2188448 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MJ UT WOS:000366300100006 ER PT S AU Lewis, JS Dhar, NK Elizondo, LA Dat, R AF Lewis, Jay S. Dhar, Nibir K. Elizondo, Lee A. Dat, Ravi BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, P DSouza, AI TI Advanced EO/IR Technologies at DARPA/MTO SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications V CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Imaging; Infrared; Focal Plane Array; Gigapixel; Fused; Multiband; Joule Thomson Cooling ID DESIGN AB In this paper, we review selected imaging and related technology development programs in the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Microsystems Technologies Office (MTO). An overview is presented for the evolution of Joule-Thomson (J-T) micro-cryogenic cooler (MCC) technology. The initial design of a system on a chip method is shown for these micro-coolers to be used in conjunction with high operating temperature mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) focal plane arrays. For the reflective visible band, results are shown for a gigapixel monocentric multi-scale camera design to solve the scaling issues for high pixel count and wide field of view. Lastly, we discuss two different approaches to multiband imaging and the potential advantages of this technology for the enhanced detection, recognition, and identification of targets. C1 [Lewis, Jay S.] Def Adv Res Project Agcy, Microsyst Technol Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Dhar, Nibir K.] US Army Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Elizondo, Lee A.; Dat, Ravi] Booz Allen Hamilton, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lewis, JS (reprint author), Def Adv Res Project Agcy, Microsyst Technol Off, 675 North Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-775-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9609 AR UNSP 960902 DI 10.1117/12.2192887 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OW UT WOS:000366502300001 ER PT S AU Schuster, J DeWames, RE DeCuir, EA Bellotti, E Dhar, N Wijewarnasuriya, PS AF Schuster, J. DeWames, R. E. DeCuir, E. A., Jr. Bellotti, E. Dhar, N. Wijewarnasuriya, P. S. BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, P DSouza, AI TI Heterojunction Depth in P+-on-n eSWIR HgCdTe Infrared Detectors: Generation-Recombination Suppression SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications V CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE HgCdTe; eSWIR; infrared detectors; heterojunction; numerical simulations; Shockley-Read-Hall ID PHOTODIODES; LIFETIME; JUNCTION AB A key design feature of P+ -on-n HgCdTe detectors is the depth of the p-type region. Normally, homojunction architectures are utilized where the p-type region extends into the narrow-gap absorber layer. This facilitates the collection of photo-carriers from the absorber layer to the contact; however, this may result in excess generation-recombination (G-R) current, if defects are present. Alternatively, properly adopting a heterojunction architecture confines the p-type region (and the majority of the electric field) solely to the wide-gap layer. Junction placement is critical since the detector performance is now dependent on the following sensitivity parameters: p-type region depth, doping, valence band offset, lifetime and detector bias. Understanding, the parameter dependence near the hetero-metallurgical interface where the compositional grading occurs and the doping is varied as either a Gaussian or error function is vital to device design. Numerical modeling is now essential to properly engineer the electric field in the device to suppress G-R current while accounting for the aforementioned sensitivity parameters. The simulations reveal that through proper device design the p-type region can be confined to the wide-gap layer, reducing G-R related dark current, without significantly reducing; the quantum efficiency at the operating; bias V - -0.100V. C1 [Schuster, J.; DeCuir, E. A., Jr.; Wijewarnasuriya, P. S.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Schuster, J.; Bellotti, E.] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [DeWames, R. E.] Fulcrum Co, Centreville, VA 20120 USA. [Dhar, N.] US Night Vis Elect Sensing Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Schuster, J (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jonathan.schuster2.ctr@mail.mil OI Schuster, Jonathan/0000-0002-0835-5733 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-775-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9609 AR UNSP 960904 DI 10.1117/12.2186043 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OW UT WOS:000366502300003 ER PT S AU Sood, AK Pethuraja, G Welser, RE Puri, YR Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Lewis, J Efstathiadis, H Haldar, P Schubert, EF AF Sood, Ashok K. Pethuraja, Gopal Welser, Roger E. Puri, Yash R. Dhar, Nibir K. Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal S. Lewis, Jay Efstathiadis, Harry Haldar, Pradeep Schubert, E. Fred BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, P DSouza, AI TI DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE AREA NANOSTRUCTURED ANTIREFLECTION COATINGS FOR EO/IR SENSOR APPLICATIONS SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications V CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID LOW-REFRACTIVE-INDEX; TECHNOLOGY AB Electro-optical/infrared sensors are being developed for a variety of defense and commercial systems applications. One of the critical technologies that will enhance EO/IR sensor performance is the development of advanced antireflection coatings with both broadband and omnidirectional characteristics. In this paper, we review our latest work on high quality nanostructure-based antireflection structures, including recent efforts to deposit nanostructured antireflection coatings on large area substrates. Nanostructured antireflection coatings fabricated via oblique angle deposition are shown to enhance the optical transmission through transparent windows by minimizing broadband reflection losses to less than one percent, a substantial improvement over conventional thin-film antireflection coating technologies. Step-graded antireflection structures also exhibit excellent omnidirectional performance, and have recently been demonstrated on 6-inch diameter substrates. C1 [Sood, Ashok K.; Pethuraja, Gopal; Welser, Roger E.; Puri, Yash R.] Magnolia Opt Technol Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. [Dhar, Nibir K.] Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal S.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Lewis, Jay] DARPA MTO, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Efstathiadis, Harry; Haldar, Pradeep] CNSE, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Schubert, E. Fred] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept ECSE & Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Sood, AK (reprint author), Magnolia Opt Technol Inc, 52-B Cummings Pk,Suite 314, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-775-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9609 AR UNSP 96090D DI 10.1117/12.2214877 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OW UT WOS:000366502300009 ER PT S AU Sun, J Choi, KK Olver, K Fu, RX AF Sun, J. Choi, K. K. Olver, K. Fu, R. X. BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, P DSouza, AI TI Fabrication of Resonator-Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (R-QWIP) with 10.2 mu m Cutoff SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications V CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE QWIP; resonance; FPA; quantum efficiency; inductively coupled plasma etching; GaAs substrate removal; selective ICP etching ID DAMAGE; GAAS AB Recently, we have developed a new detector structure, which is known as the resonator-QWIP or R-QWIP. With the new structure, we demonstrated quantum efficiency (QE) as high as 70% in single detectors and 30 - 40% in focal plane arrays (FPAs) with 9 mu m cutoff. In this study, we designed a broadband, 10 mu m cutoff R-QWIP FPA using a more accurate refractive index. To achieve the theoretical prediction, the substrates of the detectors have to be removed completely to prevent the escape of unabsorbed light out of the detectors. The height of the diffractive elements (DE) and the thickness of the active resonator must also be uniformly produced within 0.05 mu m accuracy. To achieve these specifications, two optimized inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching processes are developed. Using these etching techniques, a number of single detectors were fabricated to verify the analysis before FPA production. In general, test data support the theoretical predictions. C1 [Sun, J.; Choi, K. K.; Olver, K.; Fu, R. X.] US Army Res Lab, Electroopt & Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sun, J (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Electroopt & Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-775-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9609 AR UNSP 96090J DI 10.1117/12.2186433 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OW UT WOS:000366502300012 ER PT S AU Zeller, JW Rouse, C Efstathiadis, H Haldar, P Dhar, NK Lewis, JS Wijewarnasuriya, P Puri, YR Sood, AK AF Zeller, John W. Rouse, Caitlin Efstathiadis, Harry Haldar, Pradeep Dhar, Nibir K. Lewis, Jay S. Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal Puri, Yash R. Sood, Ashok K. BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, P DSouza, AI TI Design and development of wafer-level near-infrared micro-camera SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications V CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE photodetectors; infrared detectors; germanium; thin films; wafers ID GE-PHOTODETECTORS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; WAVE-GUIDE; SI; GERMANIUM; QUALITY AB SiGe offers a low-cost alternative to conventional infrared sensor material systems such as InGaAs, InSb, and HgCdTe for developing near-infrared (NIR) photodetector devices that do not require cooling and can offer high bandwidths and responsivities. As a result of the significant difference in thermal expansion coefficients between germanium and silicon, tensile strain incorporated into Ge epitaxial layers deposited on Si utilizing specialized growth processes can extend the operational range of detection to 1600 nm and longer wavelengths. We have fabricated SiGe based PIN detector devices on 300 mm diameter Si wafers in order to take advantage of high throughput, large-area complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. This device fabrication process involves low temperature epitaxial deposition of Ge to form a thin p(+) seed/buffer layer, followed by higher temperature deposition of a thicker Ge intrinsic layer. An n(+)-Ge layer formed by ion implantation of phosphorus, passivating oxide cap, and then top copper contacts complete the PIN photodetector design. Various techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) have been employed to characterize the material and structural properties of the epitaxial growth and fabricated detector devices. In addition, electrical characterization was performed to compare the I-V dark current vs. photocurrent response as well as the time and wavelength varying photoresponse properties of the fabricated devices, results of which are likewise presented. C1 [Zeller, John W.; Puri, Yash R.; Sood, Ashok K.] Magnolia Opt Technol Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. [Rouse, Caitlin; Efstathiadis, Harry; Haldar, Pradeep] State Univ New York Polytech Inst, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Dhar, Nibir K.] US Army Night Vis Sensors & Elect Div, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Lewis, Jay S.] DARPA MTO, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zeller, JW (reprint author), Magnolia Opt Technol Inc, 52-B Cummings Pk, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. EM jwzeller@magnoliaoptical.com NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-775-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9609 AR UNSP 96090O DI 10.1117/12.2193179 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OW UT WOS:000366502300015 ER PT J AU Li, P Corner, B Paquette, S AF Li, Peng Corner, Brian Paquette, Steven TI Shape analysis of female torsos based on discrete cosine transform SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLOTHING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Principal component analysis; Discrete cosine transform; Human torso shape analysis ID BODY SHAPE; SPACE; SCANS AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present results of shape analysis of female torso shape using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) from a three-dimensional (3D) whole body scan database. Design/methodology/approach - Torso shape is a central part of body shape and difficult to describe by linear measurements. In order to analyze body shape variation within a population the authors employed a DCT-based shape description method to compresses a dense 3D body scan surface into a small vector that preserves shape and removes size. The DCT-based shape descriptors of torso surfaces are further fed to principal component analysis (PCA) that decompose shape variation into constituent shape components. A visualization program was developed to observe principal components of torso shape and interpret their meanings. Findings - Extreme shapes of the first ten principal components summarize major shape variations and identify shapes that are difficult to capture with traditional anthropometric measurements. PCA results also help to find and retrieve similar shapes from a population-level database. Originality/value - Using the DCT for PCA of torso shape is a unique and original approach. It provides a basis for the description and classification of torso shape in 3D and the results from the shape analysis are potentially useful for designers of clothing and personal protective equipment. C1 [Li, Peng; Corner, Brian; Paquette, Steven] US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Li, P (reprint author), US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM peng.li.civ@mail.mil NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0955-6222 EI 1758-5953 J9 INT J CLOTH SCI TECH JI Int. J. Cloth. Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 27 IS 5 BP 677 EP 691 DI 10.1108/IJCST-03-2014-0035 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA CY7BL UT WOS:000366562800005 ER PT J AU Corona, BT Rivera, JC Owens, JG Wenke, JC Rathbone, CR AF Corona, Benjamin T. Rivera, Jessica C. Owens, Johnny G. Wenke, Joseph C. Rathbone, Christopher R. TI Volumetric muscle loss leads to permanent disability following extremity trauma SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE battlefield; disability; extremity; function; injury; limb; regeneration; skeletal muscle; soft tissue; soldier; volumetric muscle loss ID OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM; IRAQI FREEDOM; INJURIES; TISSUE; STRENGTH; WOUNDS; RETURN AB Extremity injuries comprise the majority of battlefield injuries and contribute the most to long-term disability of servicemembers. The purpose of this study was to better define the contribution of muscle deficits and volumetric muscle loss (VML) to the designation of long-term disability in order to better understand their effect on outcomes for limb-salvage patients. Medically retired servicemembers who sustained a combat-related type III open tibia fracture (Orthopedic cohort) were reviewed for results of their medical evaluation leading to discharge from military service. A cohort of battlefield-injured servicemembers (including those with nonorthopedic injuries) who were medically retired because of various injuries (General cohort) was also examined. Muscle conditions accounted for 65% of the disability of patients in the Orthopedic cohort. Among the General cohort, 92% of the muscle conditions were identified as VML. VML is a condition that contributes significantly to long-term disability, and the development of therapies addressing VML has the potential to fill a significant void in orthopedic care. C1 [Corona, Benjamin T.; Rivera, Jessica C.; Wenke, Joseph C.; Rathbone, Christopher R.] US Army Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma & Regenerat Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Owens, Johnny G.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Phys Therapy Serv, Ctr Intrepid, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Corona, BT (reprint author), US Army Inst Surg Res, JBSA, 3698 Chambers Pass,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM benjamin.t.corona.vol@mail.mil FU U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command of the Department of Defense FX This material was based on work supported by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command of the Department of Defense. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 EI 1938-1352 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2015 VL 52 IS 7 BP 785 EP 792 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2014.07.0165 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA CY3RG UT WOS:000366326700004 PM 26745661 ER PT S AU Crenshaw, ME AF Crenshaw, Michael E. BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Continuum electrodynamics and the Abraham-Minkowski momentum controversy SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XII CY AUG 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Classical Electrodynamics; Maxwell's equations; energy momentum tensor; Abraham-Minkowski controversy ID DIELECTRIC MEDIUM; MEDIA AB Continuum electrodynamics is an axiomatic formal theory based on the macroscopic Maxwell equations and the constitutive relations. We apply the formal theory to a thermodynamically closed system consisting of an antireflection coated block of dielectric situated in free-space and illuminated by a quasimonochromatic field. We show that valid theorems of the formal theory are proven false by relativity and by conservation laws. Then the axioms of the formal theory are proven false at a fundamental level of mathematical logic. We derive a new formal theory of continuum electrodynamics for macroscopic electric and magnetic fields in a four-dimensional flat non-Minkowski material spacetime in which the speed of light is c/n. C1 [Crenshaw, Michael E.] Us Army Aviat & Missile Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, RMDR WDS W, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Crenshaw, ME (reprint author), Us Army Aviat & Missile Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, RMDR WDS W, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM michael.e.crenshaw4.civ@mail.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-714-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9548 AR UNSP 95480J DI 10.1117/12.2188132 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0OO UT WOS:000366497300011 ER PT S AU Tabiryan, NV Serak, SV Roberts, DE Steeves, DM Kimball, BR AF Tabiryan, Nelson V. Serak, Svetlana V. Roberts, David E. Steeves, Diane M. Kimball, Brian R. BE Khoo, IC TI Thin waveplate lenses - new generation in optics SO LIQUID CRYSTALS XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystals XIX CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Lasers; diffractive gratings; lenses; liquid crystals; photochemistry ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL LENS; POLARIZATION GRATINGS; FOCAL LENGTH; BEAM AB We present new lenses - waveplate lenses created in liquid crystal materials. Waveplate lenses allowed focusing and defocusing laser beam depending on the sign of the circularity of laser beam polarization. Using an electrically-switchable liquid-crystal half-wave retarder we realized switching between focused and defocused beams by the waveplate lens. A combination of two such lenses allowed the collimation of a laser beam as well as the change of focal length of optical system. Lenses of varied size and focal length are presented. C1 [Tabiryan, Nelson V.; Serak, Svetlana V.; Roberts, David E.] BEAM Co, Orlando, FL 32810 USA. [Steeves, Diane M.; Kimball, Brian R.] US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Tabiryan, NV (reprint author), BEAM Co, 1300 Lee Rd, Orlando, FL 32810 USA. EM nelson@beamco.com NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-731-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9565 AR 956512 DI 10.1117/12.2190295 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Optics; Physics GA BE0FT UT WOS:000365970100015 ER PT S AU Chao, JH Zhu, WB Wang, C Yao, J Yin, S Hoffman, RC AF Chao, Ju-Hung Zhu, Wenbin Wang, Chao Yao, Jimmy Yin, Stuart Hoffman, Robert C. BE Yin, S Guo, R TI Nanosecond speed pre-injected space charge controlled KTN beam deflector SO PHOTONIC FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND INNOVATIONS IN DEVICE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices - Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IX CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE KTN crystal; beam deflection; high speed beam steering; nanosecond beam deflection; charge injection ID KTA1-XNBXO3 AB In this paper, a nanosecond speed KTN beam deflector is presented. The beam deflector is based on the combination of pre-injected space charge field and high speed (nanosecond) switching field. A beam deflection speed on the order of nanosecond was demonstrated, which was fastest beam deflection speed reported so far. The experimentally results confirmed that the speed limitation of KTN beam deflector was not limited by the electro-optic (EO) effect itself but the driving electric source and circuit. With a faster speed driving source and circuit, it is possible to develop GHz frequency beam deflector. C1 [Chao, Ju-Hung; Zhu, Wenbin; Wang, Chao; Yao, Jimmy; Yin, Stuart] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hoffman, Robert C.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chao, JH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sxy105@psu.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-752-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9586 AR 95860T DI 10.1117/12.2190912 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Optics GA BE0ME UT WOS:000366295200019 ER PT S AU St Amour, L Petullo, WM AF St Amour, Leo Petullo, W. Michael BE Chakraborty, RS Schwabe, P Solworth, J TI Improving Application Security through TLS-Library Redesign SO SECURITY, PRIVACY, AND APPLIED CRYPTOGRAPHY ENGINEERING (SPACE 2015) SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Security, Privacy, and Applied Cryptography Engineering (SPACE) CY OCT 03-07, 2015 CL Malaviya Natl Inst Technol, Jaipur, INDIA SP Defence Res & Dev Org, Govt India, Minist Defence, ISEA, MNIT HO Malaviya Natl Inst Technol AB Research has revealed a number of pitfalls inherent in contemporary TLS libraries. Common mistakes when programming using their APIs include insufficient certificate verification and the use of weak cipher suites. These programmer errors leave applications susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks. Furthermore, current TLS libraries encourage system designs which leave the confidentiality of secret authentication and session keys vulnerable to application flaws. This paper introduces libtlssep (pronounced lib.te.el.sep), a new, open-source TLS library which provides a simpler API and improved security architecture. Applications that use libtlssep spawn a separate process whose role is to provide one or more TLS-protected communication channels; this child process assures proper certificate verification and isolates authentication and session keys in its separate memory space. We present a security, programmability, and performance analysis of libtlssep. C1 [St Amour, Leo] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Petullo, W. Michael] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP St Amour, L (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-24126-5; 978-3-319-24125-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9354 BP 75 EP 94 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24126-5_5 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE0FL UT WOS:000365953300005 ER PT J AU Smith, MD Treece, ZR Bunkley, SL Chiarito, VP AF Smith, Matthew D. Treece, Zachary R. Bunkley, Steven L. Chiarito, Vincent P. BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI Development of the USACE Automated SMART Gate System for Lock Gates: Detection of Barge Impact Events Using Statistical Process Control SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ AB Inland navigation locks are vital to the U.S. economy and due to their advanced age are expensive to maintain for proper operation. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is developing structural health monitoring technologies to provide decision support information that will be used to prioritize maintenance and assist in operational decisions. The Structural Monitoring and Analysis in Real Time of Lock Gates (SMART Gate) system will provide a suite of structural health monitoring capabilities for miter lock gates. Miter gates are the most common gate type in U.S. locks and are impacted by barges frequently and damage can accumulate over time from even minor impacts. Barge impacts into opened (recessed) gates often go unnoticed, especially for mild to moderate impacts. In this paper, an application of statistical process control to detect barge impacts to lock miter gates is described. As part of the SMART Gate project, the downstream miter gates at Lock 27 on the Mississippi River, near St. Louis, were instrumented with accelerometers and water pressure gages in 2014. Measurements were taken over the course of several lockage events to monitor dynamic gate response from door swing and wave action. Measurements included data taken during a barge impact event. These measurements were subsequently used to train and validate a barge impact detection algorithm. This algorithm consists of an autoregressive time series model and an x-bar chart to measure anomalies of model prediction error. After calibrating the algorithm to mitigate false-positives, it was found that barge impact was positively identified. This algorithm was programmed directly into affordable field data acquisition hardware for real-time detection and alerting the lock operator. Upon one final validation exercise, the algorithm will be employed on all future SMART Gate systems. C1 [Smith, Matthew D.; Bunkley, Steven L.; Chiarito, Vincent P.] Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Treece, Zachary R.] Univ Illinois, Smart Struct Technol Lab, Newmark Civil Engn Lab B119, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Smith, MD (reprint author), Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 601 EP 608 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445300077 ER PT J AU Treece, ZR Smith, MD Wierschem, NE Sweeney, SC Spencer, BF AF Treece, Zachary R. Smith, Matthew D. Wierschem, Nicholas E. Sweeney, Steven C. Spencer, Billie F., Jr. BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI USACE SMART Gate: Structural Health Monitoring to Preserve America's Critical Infrastructure SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ AB This paper focuses on structural health monitoring of the downstream miter gates on the main channel of Lock and Dam 27 just north of St. Louis, Missouri. Miter gates are the most prolific gate type employed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), used at more than 75% of all lock and dam sites throughout the United States. Structural health monitoring of these gates is important, because it provides a method for detecting damage, including degradation of boundary conditions, fatigue cracking, dragging of debris, or discrete occurrences of damage, such as barge impact, which may otherwise go unnoticed until the damage propagates and costly repairs become necessary. By knowing in real time the extent and location of damage, a better informed decision can be made as to whether or not the gate is in immediate need of repair. The initial Structural Monitoring and Analysis in Real Time of Lock Gates (SMART Gate) study of Lock and Dam 27 is focused on achieving several specific condition monitoring targets. The target that will be addressed in this paper is the ability to detect contact degradation between the lateral edge of the lock gate and the wall of the lock chamber. Preliminary results from finite element models show that contact degradation is a localized phenomenon, which is empirically known to occur over time. Initial field results have revealed seasonal changes in strain readings as well as non-linear strain behavior during the beginning of a chamber fill event. This paper presents initial efforts to combine these findings synergistically to detect contact degradation between the quoin and wall boundary on the downstream miter lock gates at Lock and Dam 27. C1 [Treece, Zachary R.; Wierschem, Nicholas E.; Spencer, Billie F., Jr.] Univ Illinois, Newmark Civil Engn Lab B119, Smart Struct Technol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Smith, Matthew D.] US Army Res & Dev Ctr, US Army Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Sweeney, Steven C.] US Army Res & Dev Ctr, US Army Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Treece, ZR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Newmark Civil Engn Lab B119, Smart Struct Technol Lab, 205 North Matthews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Wierschem, Nicholas/N-2199-2016 OI Wierschem, Nicholas/0000-0002-1069-1357 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 2310 EP 2317 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445302092 ER PT J AU Chen, T Shiao, M AF Chen, Tzikang Shiao, Michael BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI Enhanced Recursive Probabilistic Integration Method for Probabilistic Fatigue Life Management Using Structural Health Monitoring SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ AB An enhanced recursive probabilistic integration (ERPI) algorithm was developed based on the recursive probabilistic integration (RPI) method for damage tolerance analysis of fatigue life using structural health monitoring (SHM). RPI is an efficient probabilistic method which is an event-tree based probabilistic framework using a baseline crack growth histories repeatedly for various maintenance plans under various uncertainties such as variability in material properties, initial flaw size, random processes of the fight loading, inspection reliability and inspection correlation for SHM monitoring systems. ERPI inherits the probabilistic framework and computational efficiency of RPI method. However, it uses a forward recursive numerical scheme to further improve RPI's computational efficiency and also greatly enhance RPI's capability regarding variable inspection intervals such that non-repaired and repaired components can have different inspection schedules. In this study, Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) were conducted to verify and demonstrate the ERPI algorithm for flight life plans with variable inspection intervals under various flight conditions subject to various uncertainties. The study also demonstrated the efficiency of ERPI that the ratio of the CPU time using MCS to that of ERPI is 700:1. C1 [Chen, Tzikang; Shiao, Michael] Army Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chen, T (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, 4603 Flare Loop, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 2326 EP 2333 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445302094 ER PT J AU Zgonc, D Baideme, M AF Zgonc, David Baideme, Matthew TI Distributed Treatment Systems SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE point-of-use treatment; decentralized treatment; distributed treatment ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; SOLID-WASTE; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ENERGY RECOVERY; REMOVAL; REUSE; PURIFICATION; FILTER; COST AB This section presents a review of the literature published in 2014 on topics relating to distributed treatment systems. This review is divided into the following sections with multiple subsections under each: constituent removal; treatment technologies; and planning and treatment system management. C1 [Zgonc, David] US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Baideme, Matthew] US Army, Airborne Div Air Assault, New York, NY USA. RP Zgonc, D (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, 745 Brewerton Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM david.c.zgonc.mil@mail.mil NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 EI 1554-7531 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2015 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1196 EP 1207 DI 10.2175/106143015X14338845155624 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CY5TB UT WOS:000366469200014 PM 26420086 ER PT J AU Nagai, T Abt, JP Sell, TC Keenan, KA Clark, NC Smalley, BW Wirt, MD Lephart, SM AF Nagai, Takashi Abt, John P. Sell, Timothy C. Keenan, Karen A. Clark, Nicholas C. Smalley, Brian W. Wirt, Michael D. Lephart, Scott M. TI Lumbar spine and hip flexibility and trunk strength in helicopter pilots with and without low back pain history SO WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Range-of-motion; musculoskeletal; military; side-to-side symmetry; aviators ID ROTATION-RELATED SPORTS; MUSCLE STRENGTH; DISABILITY INDEX; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; LATERAL FLEXION; SAGITTAL PLANE; NECK PAIN; RANGE; MOTION; RELIABILITY AB BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal issues facing military helicopter pilots. It is clinically important to identify differences in musculoskeletal characteristics between pilots with and without a LBP history for formulating effective interventions. OBJECTIVE: To compare lumbar spine and hip flexibility and trunk strength in pilots with and without a LBP history. METHODS: A total of 30 pilots with a LBP history were matched with pilots without a LBP history. An isokinetic dynamometer and a digital inclinometer were used to evaluate trunk and hip strength and a range-of-motion (ROM), respectively. All tests were performed bilaterally, if applicable, and agonist/antagonist ratios and side-to-side (low/high) symmetries were calculated. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon tests were used to assess group differences (p < 0.050). RESULTS: The LBP group demonstrated significantly lower trunk extension strength and trunk extension/flexion strength ratio (p < 0.008). The LBP group demonstrated significantly less lateral flexion ROM as well as greater lateral flexion and rotation side-to-side asymmetry (p < 0.009). The LBP group demonstrated significantly greater total hip rotation side-to-side asymmetry (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Given the results, specific exercises that are targeted to improve trunk strength, ROM, and side-to-side symmetries could be developed to reduce LBP in helicopter pilots. C1 [Nagai, Takashi; Sell, Timothy C.; Keenan, Karen A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Sports Med & Nutr, Neuromuscular Res Lab, Warrior Human Performance Res Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Clark, Nicholas C.] St Marys Univ, Sch Sport Hlth & Appl Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Smalley, Brian W.; Lephart, Scott M.] US Army Sch Aviat Med, Ft Rucker, AL USA. [Wirt, Michael D.] US Army Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Abt, John P.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Hlth Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Nagai, T (reprint author), 3830 South Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM tnagai@pitt.edu FU U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command [W81XWH-11-2-0097] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command under Award No. W81XWH-11-2-0097. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the U.S. Army. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1051-9815 EI 1875-9270 J9 WORK JI Work PY 2015 VL 52 IS 3 BP 715 EP 722 DI 10.3233/WOR-152192 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CX9XH UT WOS:000366059600030 PM 26528848 ER PT J AU Gong, P Hong, HX Perkins, EJ AF Gong, Ping Hong, Huixiao Perkins, Edward J. TI Ionotropic GABA receptor antagonism-induced adverse outcome pathways for potential neurotoxicity biomarkers SO BIOMARKERS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE adverse outcome pathway; antagonist; chloride channel; cross-species extrapolation; epileptic seizure; ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor; metabotropic GABA receptor; neurotransmission; neurotoxicity biomarker; risk assessment ID GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; GATED ION-CHANNEL; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CHARACTERIZE ADAPTIVE RESPONSES; REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINE AXIS; BENZODIAZEPINE BINDING-SITE; INDUCED STATUS EPILEPTICUS; RAT CEREBRAL-CORTEX; RISK-ASSESSMENT AB Antagonism of ionotropic GABA receptors (iGABARs) can occur at three distinct types of receptor binding sites causing chemically induced epileptic seizures. Here we review three adverse outcome pathways, each characterized by a specific molecular initiating event where an antagonist competitively binds to active sites, negatively modulates allosteric sites or noncompetitively blocks ion channel on the iGABAR. This leads to decreased chloride conductance, followed by depolarization of affected neurons, epilepsy-related death and ultimately decreased population. Supporting evidence for causal linkages from the molecular to population levels is presented and differential sensitivity to iGABAR antagonists in different GABA receptors and organisms discussed. Adverse outcome pathways are poised to become important tools for linking mechanism-based biomarkers to regulated outcomes in next-generation risk assessment. C1 [Gong, Ping; Perkins, Edward J.] US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Hong, Huixiao] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Bioinformat & Biostat, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Gong, P (reprint author), US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM ping.gong@usace.army.mil FU US Army Environmental Quality and Installations Basic Research Program; "Rapid Hazard Risk Assessment" Focus Area Research Project FX The authors (P Gong and EJ Perkins) would like to acknowledge the US Army Environmental Quality and Installations Basic Research Program and the "Rapid Hazard Risk Assessment" Focus Area Research Project for financial support. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. NR 133 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1752-0363 EI 1752-0371 J9 BIOMARK MED JI Biomark. Med. PY 2015 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1225 EP 1239 DI 10.2217/bmm.15.58 PG 15 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA CX0RD UT WOS:000365403400015 PM 26508561 ER PT J AU Samy, RP Manikandan, J Pachiappan, A Ooi, EE Aw, LT Stiles, BG Franco, OL Kandasamy, M Mathi, KM Rane, G Siveen, KS Arunachalam, C Zayed, ME Alharbi, SA Kumar, AP Sethi, G Lim, LHK Chow, VT AF Samy, R. Perumal Manikandan, J. Pachiappan, A. Ooi, E. E. Aw, L. T. Stiles, B. G. Franco, O. L. Kandasamy, M. Mathi, K. M. Rane, G. Siveen, K. S. Arunachalam, C. Zayed, M. E. Alharbi, S. A. Kumar, A. P. Sethi, G. Lim, L. H. K. Chow, V. T. TI Gene Microarray Analyses of Daboia russelli russelli Daboiatoxin Treatment of THP-1 Human Macrophages Infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei SO CURRENT MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Burkholderia pseudomallei; gene expression; pro-inflammatory cytokines; human macrophages; venom protein; Daboia russelli russelli daboiatoxin ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; III SECRETION SYSTEM; PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; POSSIBLE MECHANISM; SEVERE MELIOIDOSIS; SIGNALING PATHWAY AB Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis and represents a potential bioterrorism threat. In this study, the transcriptomic responses of B. pseudomallei infection of a human macrophage cell model were investigated using whole-genome microarrays. Gene expression profiles were compared between infected THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cells with or without treatment with Daboia russelli russelli daboiatoxin (DRRDbTx) or ceftazidime (antibiotic control). Microarray analyses of infected and treated cells revealed differential upregulation of various inflammatory genes such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 4 (CXCL4), transcription factor p65 (NF-kB); and several genes involved in immune and stress responses, cell cycle, and lipid metabolism. Moreover, following DRR-DbTx treatment of infected cells, there was enhanced expression of the tolllike receptor 2 (TLR-2) mediated signaling pathway involved in recognition and initiation of acute inflammatory responses. Importantly, we observed that highly inflammatory cytokine gene responses were similar in infected cells exposed to DRR-DbTx or ceftazidime after 24 h. Additionally, there were increased transcripts associated with cell death by caspase activation that can promote host tissue injury. In summary, the transcriptional responses during B. pseudomallei infection of macrophages highlight a broad range of innate immune mechanisms that are activated within 24 h post-infection. These data provide insights into the transcriptomic kinetics following DRR-DbTx treatment of human macrophages infected with B. pseudomallei. C1 [Samy, R. Perumal; Pachiappan, A.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Anat, Venom & Toxin Res Programme, Singapore 117456, Singapore. [Samy, R. Perumal; Chow, V. T.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Singapore 117456, Singapore. [Samy, R. Perumal; Lim, L. H. K.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Life Sci, Dept Physiol,NUS Immunol Programme, Singapore 117456, Singapore. [Manikandan, J.] NanoString Technol, Seattle, WA USA. [Pachiappan, A.] Georgia Regents Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Augusta, GA USA. [Ooi, E. E.; Aw, L. T.] Def Sci Org Natl Labs, Singapore, Singapore. [Stiles, B. G.] US Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Integrated Toxicol Div, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Stiles, B. G.] Wilson Coll, Dept Biol, Chambersburg, PA USA. [Franco, O. L.] Univ Catolica Brasilia, Ctr Anal Prote & Bioquim, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Genom & Biotecnol, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Franco, O. L.] Univ Catolica Dom Bosco, Programa Posgrad Biotecnol, S Inova, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. [Kandasamy, M.] Univ Chicago, Dept Microbiol, Div Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Mathi, K. M.; Rane, G.; Kumar, A. P.] Natl Univ Singapore, Canc Sci Inst, Singapore 117456, Singapore. [Rane, G.; Siveen, K. S.; Kumar, A. P.; Sethi, G.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Singapore 117456, Singapore. [Kumar, A. P.; Sethi, G.] Curtin Univ, Sch Biomed Sci, Bentley, WA, Australia. [Kumar, A. P.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Arunachalam, C.; Zayed, M. E.; Alharbi, S. A.; Sethi, G.] King Saud Univ, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Coll Sci, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Lim, L. H. K.] Natl Univ Singapore, NUS Grad Sch Integrat Sci & Engn, Singapore 117456, Singapore. RP Samy, RP (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Life Sci, Dept Physiol,NUS Immunol Programme, 28 Med Dr, Singapore 117456, Singapore. EM phsrp@nus.edu.sg FU Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA), Singapore [R -181 000 063 422]; NUHS Bench to Bedside to Product grant; Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Sciences Research Center, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi; National Medical Research Council of Singapore [R-713-000-177-511]; NCIS Yong Siew Yoon Research Grant from the Yong Loo Lin Trust; National Research Foundation Singapore; Singapore Ministry of Education; CAPES; CNPq; FAPDF; FUNDECT FX The authors thank the Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA), Singapore for financial support (Grant No R -181 000 063 422). This study was also partially supported by NUHS Bench to Bedside to Product grant to GS. The Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Sciences Research Center, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi also supported this work. This work was supported by grants from the National Medical Research Council of Singapore [R-713-000-177-511], and by the NCIS Yong Siew Yoon Research Grant through donations from the Yong Loo Lin Trust to APK. APK was also supported by the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under its Research Centers of Excellence initiative to Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore. OLF is supported by CAPES, CNPq, FAPDF and FUNDECT. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1566-5240 EI 1875-5666 J9 CURR MOL MED JI Curr. Mol. Med. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 961 EP 974 DI 10.2174/1566524016666151123114123 PG 14 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA CX3UO UT WOS:000365625100007 ER PT B AU Shakarian, P Simari, GI Moores, G Parsons, S AF Shakarian, Paulo Simari, Gerardo I. Moores, Geoffrey Parsons, Simon BE Jajodia, S Shakarian, P Subrahmanian, VS Swarup, V Wang, C TI Cyber Attribution: An Argumentation-Based Approach SO CYBER WARFARE: BUILDING THE SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATION SE Advances in Information Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROBABILISTIC LOGIC PROGRAMS AB Attributing a cyber-operation through the use of multiple pieces of technical evidence (i.e., malware reverse-engineering and source tracking) and conventional intelligence sources (i.e., human or signals intelligence) is a difficult problem not only due to the effort required to obtain evidence, but the ease with which an adversary can plant false evidence. In this paper, we introduce a formal reasoning system called the InCA (Intelligent Cyber Attribution) framework that is designed to aid an analyst in the attribution of a cyber-operation even when the available information is conflicting and/or uncertain. Our approach combines argumentation-based reasoning, logic programming, and probabilistic models to not only attribute an operation but also explain to the analyst why the system reaches its conclusions. C1 [Shakarian, Paulo] Arizona Sate Univ, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Simari, Gerardo I.] Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Moores, Geoffrey] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Parsons, Simon] Univ Liverpool, Dept Comp Sci, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Shakarian, P (reprint author), Arizona Sate Univ, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. EM shak@asu.edu; gis@cs.uns.edu.ar; geoffrey.moores@usma.edu; s.d.parsons@liverpool.ac.uk OI Simari, Gerardo/0000-0003-3185-4992 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-3-319-14039-1; 978-3-319-14038-4 J9 ADV INFORM SECUR PY 2015 VL 56 BP 151 EP 171 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-14039-1_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-14039-1 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD9GU UT WOS:000364646900009 ER PT J AU Netherland, MD Jones, KD AF Netherland, Michael D. Jones, K. Dean TI A three-year evaluation of triclopyr for selective whole-bay management of Eurasian watermilfoil on Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic herbicide; aquatic plant management; chemical control; invasive aquatic plant; Myriophyllum spicatum; renovate ID FLURIDONE TREATMENTS; CURLYLEAF PONDWEED; HERBICIDE TRICLOPYR; HYBRID WATERMILFOIL; POTAMOGETON-CRISPUS; AQUATIC VEGETATION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DISSIPATION; HYDRILLA; IMPACTS AB Impact of whole-bay, low-dose triclopyr applications for selective control of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum: EWM) was evaluated on Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota, from 2011 to 2013. To assess invasive and native plant frequency and abundance over multiple seasons following management, we collected plant frequency, herbicide concentration, biomass, and hydroacoustic data. Two enclosed bays, St. Albans (64 ha) and Grays (64 ha), were treated at 300 mu g/L. St. Albans was treated in late May 2011 and 2013 and Grays was treated in late May 2012. Triclopyr half-lives ranged from 8.6 to 12.1 days. A larger, more open bay, Gideons (133 ha), was treated by targeting 50 ha of EWM beds at 1500 mu g/L in early June 2011. Triclopyr half-lives in Gideons treatment blocks averaged 3.7 days with a bay-wide half-life of 9.4 days. Near complete loss of EWM in the 3 bays was observed the year of treatment. Increased EWM frequency was observed the following June and August; however, EWM remained a minor component of bay-wide biomass (<2%). Number of points with native plants, mean native species per point, and native species richness in the bays were not reduced following treatment. Native species decreasing in frequency included Myriophyllum sibiricum, Zosterella dubia, Elodea canadensis, and Potamogeton zosteriformis. Most native plants showed no significant posttreatment change in frequency. Hydroacoustic data did not indicate bay-wide decreases in percent coverage or biovolume. Treatments provided up to 2 seasons of EWM control without reducing the overall distribution and abundance of native plants. C1 [Netherland, Michael D.] US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Jones, K. Dean] Univ Florida, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Netherland, MD (reprint author), US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM Michael.D.Netherland@usace.army.mil FU MN DNR via a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center FX This study was funded by the MN DNR via a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this work. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 EI 2151-5530 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 306 EP 323 DI 10.1080/10402381.2015.1085114 PG 18 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CX7FF UT WOS:000365866900003 ER PT S AU Yin, XL Liu, YF Ewing, D Ruder, CK De Rego, PJ Edelstein, AS Liou, SH AF Yin, Xiaolu Liu, Yen-Fu Ewing, Dan Ruder, Carmen K. De Rego, Paul J. Edelstein, A. S. Liou, Sy-Hwang BE Drouhin, HJ Wegrowe, JE Razeghi, M TI Tuning magnetic nanostructures and flux concentrators for magnetoresistive sensors SO SPINTRONICS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Spintronics Symposium CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE magnetic tunnel junction; magnetoresistive sensor; multilayer thin films; magnetic flux concentrators AB The methods for the optimization of the magnetoresistive (MR) sensors are to reduce sources of noises, to increase the signal, and to understand the involved fundamental limitations. The high-performance MR sensors result from important magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) properties, such as tunneling magnetoresistance ratio (TMR), coercivity (H-e), exchange coupling field (H-e), domain structures, and noise properties as well as the external magnetic flux concentrators. All these parameters are sensitively controlled by the magnetic nanostructures, which can be tuned by varying junction free layer nanostructures, geometry, and magnetic annealing process etc. In this paper, we discuss some of efforts that an optimized magnetic sensor with a sensitivity as high as 5,146 %/mT. This sensitivity is currently the highest among all MR-type sensors that have been reported. The estimated noise of our magnetoresistive sensor is 47 pT/Hz(1/2) at 1 Hz. This magnetoresistance sensor dissipates only 100 mu W of power while operating under an applied voltage of 1 V at room temperature. C1 [Yin, Xiaolu; Liu, Yen-Fu; Liou, Sy-Hwang] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Yin, Xiaolu; Liu, Yen-Fu; Liou, Sy-Hwang] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Ewing, Dan; Ruder, Carmen K.] Dept Energys Natl Secur Campus, Kansas City, MO USA. [Edelstein, A. S.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yin, XL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM sliou@unl.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-717-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9551 AR 95512N DI 10.1117/12.2188712 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BE0BW UT WOS:000365744200016 ER PT J AU Pang, CK Hudas, GR Mikulski, DG Le, CV Lewis, FL AF Pang, Chee Khiang Hudas, Gregory R. Mikulski, Dariusz G. Cao Vinh Le Lewis, Frank L. TI Command and Control for Large-Scale Hybrid Warfare Systems SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Command and control; discrete event systems; hybrid warfare; joint warfare; large-scale systems engineering; rule-based systems ID MILITARY COMMAND AB Emerging hybrid threats in large-scale warfare systems require networked teams to perform in a reliable manner under changing mission tactics and reconfiguration of mission tasks and force resources. In this paper, a formal Command and Control (C2) structure is presented that allows for computer-aided execution of the networked team decision-making process, real-time tactic selection, and reliable mission reconfiguration. A mathematically justified networked computing environment is provided called the Augmented Discrete Event Control (ADEC) framework. ADEC is portable and has the ability to provide logical connectivity among all team participants including mission commander, field commanders, war-fighters, and robotic platforms. The proposed C2 structure is developed and demonstrated on a simulation study involving Singapore Armed Forces team with three realistic symmetrical, asymmetrical, and hybrid attack missions. Extensive simulation results show that the tasks and resources of multiple missions are fairly sequenced, mission tactics are correctly selected, and missions and resources are reliably reconfigured in real time. C1 [Pang, Chee Khiang; Cao Vinh Le] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Hudas, Gregory R.; Mikulski, Dariusz G.] US Army RDECOM TARDEC, Ctr Dev & Engn, Joint Ctr Robot, Warren, MI 48397 USA. [Lewis, Frank L.] Univ Texas Arlington, UTA Res Inst, Ft Worth, TX 76118 USA. RP Pang, CK (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4 Engn Dr 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore. EM justinpang@nus.edu.sg NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD SCI PUBL CO INC PI HACKENSACK PA 27 WARREN ST, STE 401-402, HACKENSACK, NJ 07601 USA SN 2301-3850 EI 2301-3869 J9 UNMANNED SYST JI Unmanned Syst. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1142/S2301385015500016 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA CX5XF UT WOS:000365775100001 ER PT J AU Darrah, M Wilhelm, J Munasinghe, T Duling, K Yokum, S Sorton, E Rojas, J Wathen, M AF Darrah, Marjorie Wilhelm, Jay Munasinghe, Thilanka Duling, Kristin Yokum, Steve Sorton, Eric Rojas, Jonathan Wathen, Mitchell TI A Flexible Genetic Algorithm System for Multi-UAV Surveillance: Algorithm and Flight Testing SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); cooperation; task assignment; genetic algorithm; flight test; multiple UAVs AB This paper discusses the development and testing of a flexible genetic algorithm (GA)-based system used for tasking a team of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to complete a coordinated surveillance mission. The GA development, laboratory testing of the GA to ensure convergence to a "good" solution, integration testing with two ground stations, and the field testing of the algorithms are explained. The algorithm was found to be robust and flexible enough to work in various settings with different UAV types and ground stations. C1 [Darrah, Marjorie; Munasinghe, Thilanka; Duling, Kristin] W Virginia Univ, Dept Math, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wilhelm, Jay; Rojas, Jonathan] W Virginia Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Yokum, Steve; Sorton, Eric] West Virginia High Technol Consortium Fdn, Fairmont, WV 26554 USA. [Wathen, Mitchell] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Darrah, M (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Math, POB 6310, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Marjorie.darrah@mail.wvu.edu NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCI PUBL CO INC PI HACKENSACK PA 27 WARREN ST, STE 401-402, HACKENSACK, NJ 07601 USA SN 2301-3850 EI 2301-3869 J9 UNMANNED SYST JI Unmanned Syst. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 3 IS 1 BP 49 EP 62 DI 10.1142/S2301385015500041 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA CX5XF UT WOS:000365775100004 ER PT S AU Metcalfe, JS Gordon, SM Passaro, AD Kellihan, B Oie, KS AF Metcalfe, Jason S. Gordon, Stephen M. Passaro, Antony D. Kellihan, Bret Oie, Kelvin S. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Towards a Translational Method for Studying the Influence of Motivational and Affective Variables on Performance During Human-Computer Interactions SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Competitive stress; Affect; Motivation; Translational science AB A primary goal in operational neuroscience is to create translational pathways linking laboratory observations with real-world applications. Achieving this requires a method that enables study of variability in operator performance that does not typically emerge under controlled laboratory circumstances; the present paper describes the development of such a paradigm. An essential aspect of the design process involved eliciting subject engagement without using extrinsic incentive (e.g. money) as a motivating stressor and, instead, tapping an appropriate intrinsic incentive (i.e. competitive stress). Two sources of competition were initially considered including one based on self-competition and another based on competition with another individual; ultimately, the latter approach was selected. A virtual competitor was designed to affect individual valuation of momentary successes and failures in specific ways and preliminary results revealed early indicators of success in meeting this goal. Discussion focuses on implications and challenges for future research using similar translational paradigms. C1 [Metcalfe, Jason S.; Gordon, Stephen M.; Passaro, Antony D.; Kellihan, Bret] DCS Corp, Sci Res Dept, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. [Metcalfe, Jason S.; Passaro, Antony D.; Oie, Kelvin S.] US Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Metcalfe, JS (reprint author), DCS Corp, Sci Res Dept, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. EM jmetcalfe@dcscorp.com; sgordon@dcscorp.com; apassaro@dcscorp.com; bkellihan@dcscorp.com; kelvin.s.oie.civ@mail.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_7 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400007 ER PT S AU Hairston, WD Lawhern, V AF Hairston, W. David Lawhern, Vernon BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI How Low Can You Go? Empirically Assessing Minimum Usable DAQ Performance for Highly Fieldable EEG Systems SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA ID COUPLED COMPUTER VISION; EVENTS AB Electroencephalography (EEG) as a physiological assessment technique holds high promise for on-line monitoring of cognitive states. Examples include detecting when a user is overly fatigued, if they are paying attention to a target item, or even detecting sub-conscious object recognition, all of which can be used for greatly enhanced human-system interaction. However, because EEG involves measuring extremely small voltage fluctuations (microvolts) against a potential background that is very large (milivolts), conventional EEG data acquisition (DAQ) systems utilize very high-resolution components, such as low-noise amplifiers and 24-bit sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) on the ideal premise of acquiring a maximal resolution signal to guarantee information content from the data. Unfortunately this comes at the cost of high power consumption and requires expensive system components. We hypothesize that, for many targeted research applications, this level of resolution may not be necessary, and that by intelligently allowing a reduction in the signal fidelity, substantial savings in cost and power consumption can be obtained. To date though a pragmatic minimum resolution remains unexplored. Here, we discuss the utility of using a parametric approach of simulating signal degradation analogous to decreasing ADC bit (vertical) resolution and amplifier fidelity. Results derived from classification of both drowsiness (alpha oscillation) and oddity (P300) detection show strong overall robustness to poor-quality signals, such that classifier performance remains unaffected until resolution is well outside of typical recording specifications. These observations suggest that researchers and system designers should carefully consider that resolution trade-offs for power and cost are entirely reasonable for targeted applications, enabling feasibility of ultra-low power or highly fieldable data collection systems in the near future. C1 [Hairston, W. David; Lawhern, Vernon] US Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hairston, WD (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM william.d.hairston4.civ@mail.mil; Vernon.Lawhern@utsa.edu OI Hairston, W. David/0000-0003-4432-8430 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_22 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400022 ER PT S AU Brawner, K AF Brawner, Keith BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Authoring Tools for Adaptive Training - An Overview of System Types and Taxonomy for Classification SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA C1 [Brawner, Keith] Army Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Brawner, K (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM keith.w.brawner.civ@mail.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 562 EP 569 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_54 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400054 ER PT S AU Goldberg, B AF Goldberg, Benjamin BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Augmenting Instructional Practice in GIFT Using the Engine for Management of Adaptive Pedagogy (EMAP) SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Intelligent tutoring systems; Adaptive pedagogy; Instructional management; Individual differences; Personalized instruction AB Authoring adaptation in the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT) is dependent on the functions made available in the pedagogical module. The Engine for Management of Adaptive Pedagogy (eMAP) has been constructed as an instructional management framework that guides pedagogical authoring and implementation within GIFT. The eMAP is structured around David Merrill's Component Display Theory (CDT) and is designed to support adaptive instruction based on the tenets of knowledge and skill acquisition. The framework is designed to assist with two facets of lesson creation. First, it is designed to serve as a guiding template for Subject Matter Experts when constructing intelligent and adaptive course materials that adhere to sound instructional design principles. And second, it serves as a framework to support instructional strategy focused research to examine pedagogical practices and the influence of individual differences on learning outcomes. In this chapter we will describe the fundamental components that make up the eMAP, followed by the authoring workflow associated with its implementation as described above. This includes an overview of the dependencies associated with the eMAP, which runs on relevant data stored in the learner model informing content selection and metadata used to describe course materials and pedagogical practices. C1 [Goldberg, Benjamin] US Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Goldberg, B (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM Benjamin.s.goldberg.civ@mail.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 595 EP 604 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_57 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400057 ER PT S AU Johnston, JH Napier, S Ross, WA AF Johnston, Joan H. Napier, Samantha Ross, William A. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Adapting Immersive Training Environments to Develop Squad Resilience Skills SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Stress exposure training; Resilience; Immersive; Battlefield; Squad Overmatch ID STRESS AB The United States Army defines readiness and resilience as tactically proficient Soldiers and highly adaptive problem solvers capable of overcoming challenges and making decisions with strategic consequences in ambiguous situations. To address the resilience training gap, the Squad Overmatch study produced recommendations for employing immersive and live training strategies within the Stress Exposure Training (SET) framework. SET is a three-phase training method designed to provide information, skills training, and practice; with the goal of learning how to cope and perform while exposed to combat stressors. The potential for a wide range of Soldier experience levels in the pre-deployment training phase requires structuring and facilitating immersive and live training to develop resilience skills. In this paper we provide recommendations for adapting immersive environments to focus on assessing unit "readiness to train," and employing methods and tools that improve training effectiveness. C1 [Johnston, Joan H.] Army Res Lab, Human Res Engn Directorate, Orlando, FL USA. [Napier, Samantha] Army Res Lab, Human Res Engn Directorate, Aberdeen, MD USA. [Ross, William A.] Cognit Performance Grp, Orlando, FL USA. RP Ross, WA (reprint author), Cognit Performance Grp, Orlando, FL USA. EM joan.h.johnston.civ@mail.mil; Samantha.j.napier.civ@mail.mil; bill@cognitiveperformancegroup.com NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 616 EP 627 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_59 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400059 ER PT S AU Ososky, S AF Ososky, Scott BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Opportunities and Risks for Game-Inspired Design of Adaptive Instructional Systems SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Game-based learning; Intelligent tutoring systems; Adaptive tutoring; Gamification; Mental models; Motivation; Tutor-user interface ID INTRINSIC MOTIVATION; SELF-DETERMINATION; PERFORMANCE; COMPUTER AB The application of game elements within learning environments takes many forms, including serious games, interactive virtual environments, and the application of game mechanics within non-gaming contexts. Given the breadth of strategies for implementation game-elements into instructional systems, it is important to recognize that each strategy carries its own potential benefits and risks. The purpose of the current paper is to review the relevant interdisciplinary literature regarding the application of games and game-elements to learning contexts, and identify the factors to consider when developing a game-inspired instructional system. Secondly, the current discussion considers the special case of game technology and game design elements in intelligent tutoring, and identifies future research opportunities to meaningfully integrate such features in adaptive tutoring systems. C1 [Ososky, Scott] US Army Res Lab ARL, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Ososky, S (reprint author), US Army Res Lab ARL, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM Scott.j.Ososky.ctr@mail.mil NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 640 EP 651 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_61 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400061 ER PT S AU Segedy, JR Kinnebrew, JS Goldberg, BS Sottilare, RA Biswas, G AF Segedy, James R. Kinnebrew, John S. Goldberg, Benjamin S. Sottilare, Robert A. Biswas, Gautam BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Designing Representations and Support for Metacognition in the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Metacognition; Strategy instruction; Feedback; Open-ended learning environment ID STRATEGY-DEVELOPMENT; ENVIRONMENT; INSTRUCTION; KNOWLEDGE AB An important component of metacognition relates to the understanding and use of strategies. Thus, measuring and supporting students' strategy understanding in complex open-ended learning environments is an important challenge. However, measuring students' strategy use and understanding is a difficult undertaking. In this paper, we present our design for representing and supporting students in their understanding of strategies while working in complex, open-ended learning environments using the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT). Our approach utilizes a wealth of previous research and relies on three primary instructional interventions: contextualized conversational assessments and feedback; reviewing knowledge and strategies; and teaching through analogies. We believe that incorporating these approaches into GIFT will allow for powerful instruction of complex tasks and topics. C1 [Segedy, James R.; Kinnebrew, John S.; Biswas, Gautam] Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Software Integrated Syst, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Goldberg, Benjamin S.; Sottilare, Robert A.] US Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Simulat & Training Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Segedy, JR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Software Integrated Syst, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 1025 16th Ave South, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. EM james.segedy@vanderbilt.edu; john.s.kinnebrew@vanderbilt.edu; benjamin.s.goldberg.civ@mail.mil; robert.a.sottilare.civ@mail.mil; gautam.biswas@vanderbilt.edu OI Sottilare, Robert/0000-0002-5278-2441 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 663 EP 674 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_63 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400063 ER PT S AU Sinatra, AM AF Sinatra, Anne M. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI A Personalized GIFT: Recommendations for Authoring Personalization in the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA ID STUDENT INTERESTS; INSTRUCTION; PERFORMANCE; CONTEXT AB Personalization of learning content can have a positive impact on learning in a computer based environment. Personalization can occur in a number of different ways, such as including an individual's name or entered content throughout the learning materials, or selecting examples based on self-reported preferences. The Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT) is an open-source, domain independent intelligent tutoring system framework. GIFT includes a number of different authoring tools (e.g., GIFT Authoring Tool, Survey Authoring System) that can be used to generate adaptive courses. In its current form, GIFT does not have specific mechanisms to support personalization of materials to the individual user based on pre-entered preferences. The current paper describes ways that personalization research has previously been conducted with GIFT. The paper additionally provides recommendations on new features that could be added to GIFT's authoring tools in order to support personalizing learning materials, guidance, and surveys that are provided to the learner. C1 [Sinatra, Anne M.] US Army Res Lab, Simulat & Training Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Sinatra, AM (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Simulat & Training Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM anne.m.sinatra.civ@mail.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 675 EP 682 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_64 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400064 ER PT S AU Sottilare, RA AF Sottilare, Robert A. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Augmented Cognition on the Run: Considerations for the Design and Authoring of Mobile Tutoring Systems SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Intelligent tutoring systems; Mobile learning; Distributed learning; Mobile tutoring AB This paper discusses considerations for design and authoring of mobile intelligent tutoring system (ITSs). ITSs are on the rise as tools for desktop tutoring of cognitive tasks (e.g., problem solving and decision making). To become truly ubiquitous, ITSs will be required to leave the desktop and support interactive, adaptive instruction on-the-move via mobile devices. We examined the capabilities of Google Glass as a potential hands-free platform to support mobile tutoring and found many of the functions serviceable as proxies to desktop tutoring functions. The potential of mobile platforms like Google Glass integrated with the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT) provides a practical example on which to discuss limitations and project future capabilities for mobile tutoring. C1 [Sottilare, Robert A.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sottilare, RA (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM robert.a.sottilare.civ@mail.mil OI Sottilare, Robert/0000-0002-5278-2441 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 683 EP 689 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_65 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400065 ER PT S AU Sottilare, RA AF Sottilare, Robert A. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Modeling Shared States for Adaptive Instruction SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Adaptive instruction; Intelligent tutoring systems; Adaptive tutoring; Team modeling; Unit modeling; Shared modeling AB This paper discusses methods in which adaptive instructional techniques, strategies and tactics (collectively referred to henceforth as adaptive instruction) might be applied in a multi-learner or team training domain where accurate shared models of cognition and affect are critical to optimizing team performance, and individual learning, retention, and transfer. Application of these models in the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT) is also discussed. C1 [Sottilare, Robert A.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sottilare, RA (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM Robert.A.Sottilare.civ@mail.mil OI Sottilare, Robert/0000-0002-5278-2441 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 690 EP 696 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_66 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400066 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS AF Zhang, Sheng S. TI Heteroatom-doped carbons: synthesis, chemistry and application in lithium/sulphur batteries SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS LA English DT Review ID LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES; LI-S BATTERIES; COMPOSITE CATHODE MATERIALS; LONG CYCLE-LIFE; GRAPHENE OXIDE; ACTIVATED CARBON; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; MESOPOROUS CARBONS; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; CAPACITY AB Doping of heteroatoms into carbon not only changes the electronic distribution but also creates surface functional groups. These changes prove to enhance the chemical adsorption of carbon to sulphur species, and have been intensively investigated to sequestrate soluble lithium polysulphide in the cathode of lithium/sulphur (Li/S) batteries. The chemical adsorption varies with the type, valence state and content of heteroatoms in a complicated manner. In this review, the syntheses of heteroatom-doped carbons as well as their applications and mechanisms in the Li/S batteries are highlighted and discussed with a focus on oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and their mixtures. C1 [Zhang, Sheng S.] US Army Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, RDRL SED C, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, RDRL SED C, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM shengshui.zhang.civ@mail.mil RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 29 U2 82 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2052-1553 J9 INORG CHEM FRONT JI Inorg. Chem. Front. PY 2015 VL 2 IS 12 BP 1059 EP 1069 DI 10.1039/c5qi00153f PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA CX0RX UT WOS:000365405500001 ER PT J AU Bryant, CW Rakha, HA EI-Shawarby, I AF Bryant, Craig W. Rakha, Hesham A. EI-Shawarby, Ihab TI Study of Truck Driver Behavior for Design of Traffic Signal Yellow and Clearance Timings SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID DRIVING SIMULATOR; INTERSECTIONS; VALIDATION; LIGHT AB Traffic signal violations by drivers are a leading contributor to crashes at signalized intersections. The yellow indication is used to inform drivers of an upcoming change in the status of the traffic signal. Yellow interval durations are currently calculated to provide dilemma zone protection for passenger cars. Because of differences in vehicle characteristics and driver characteristics, heavy trucks such as tractor trailers behave differently at the onset of a yellow indication. This paper characterizes the difference in driver behavior between truck and light-duty vehicles at the onset of the yellow indication and then revises the yellow timing procedures to address the truck requirements. A data set of 910 stop go records was collected through the use of a truck driving simulator located at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. From the data collected, statistical models were created to model driver perception reaction times and deceleration levels with a consideration of driver attributes and the time to the intersection at the onset of the yellow indication. The data collected, along with the statistical models developed, were compared with the data collected and the statistical models created by the same research organization in a study of passenger car drivers. Last, a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to develop appropriate yellow indication timings to provide adequate dilemma zone protection for trucks. C1 [Bryant, Craig W.] US Army Corps Engineers, Real Property Serv Field Off, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Rakha, Hesham A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Charles E Via Jr Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [EI-Shawarby, Ihab] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Tech Transportat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [EI-Shawarby, Ihab] Ain Shams Univ, Cairo 1156, Egypt. RP Rakha, HA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Charles E Via Jr Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 3500 Transportat Res Plaza, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM hrakha@vtti.vt.edu FU Center for Truck and Bus Safety at VTTI FX The authors acknowledge the support of the Center for Truck and Bus Safety at VTTI and Scott Tidwell. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2015 IS 2488 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.3141/2488-07 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA CW4TT UT WOS:000364985700008 ER PT S AU Goldberg, B Sottilare, R Sinatra, A Brawner, K Ososky, S AF Goldberg, Benjamin Sottilare, Robert Sinatra, Anne Brawner, Keith Ososky, Scott BE Conati, C Heffernan, N Mitrovic, A Verdejo, MF TI Workshop on Developing a Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT): Informing Design Through a Community of Practice SO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION, AIED 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) CY JUN 22-26, 2015 CL Univ Natl Educac Distancia, Madrid, SPAIN SP Pearson, Carnegie Learning, Carney Inc, Univ Complutense Madrid HO Univ Natl Educac Distancia C1 [Goldberg, Benjamin; Sottilare, Robert; Sinatra, Anne; Brawner, Keith; Ososky, Scott] US Army, Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Ososky, Scott] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Goldberg, B (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-19773-9; 978-3-319-19772-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9112 BP 885 EP 885 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD9OU UT WOS:000365041100140 ER PT B AU West, BJ West, D AF West, Bruce J. West, Damien BE Frame, M Cohen, N TI Entropic origin of allometry relations SO BENOIT MANDELBROT: A LIFE IN MANY DIMENSIONS SE Fractals and Dynamics in Mathematics Science and the Arts-Theory and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SIZE AB The theoretical allometry relation (AR) between the size of a network Y and a property of the network X is of the form X = Y-a(b) and has been known for nearly two centuries. The allometry coefficient a and allometry exponent b have been fit by various data sets over that time. The ubiquity of ARs in biology, sociology, ecology and indeed in virtually all the other science disciplines entreats science to find the origin of ARs. Data analysis indicates that the empirical AR is obtained with the replacements X -> < X > and Y -> < Y > and the brackets denote an average over an ensemble of realizations of the network. It has been shown that the empirical AR cannot usually be derived from the theoretical one by simple averaging due to the fractal statistics of the fluctuations. Consequently we hypothesize that a possible origin of AR is the Principle of Minimum Entropy Generation (PMEG). We establish in support of this hypothesis that if the fluctuations in the allometry variables have fractal statistics then the PMEG entails the AR between a complex host network and a subnetwork strongly coupled to it. C1 [West, Bruce J.] US Army, Res Off, Informat Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [West, Damien] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12108 USA. RP West, BJ (reprint author), US Army, Res Off, Informat Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4366-07-6; 978-981-4366-06-9 J9 FRACT DYNAM MATH SCI PY 2015 BP 489 EP 499 D2 10.1142/8238 PG 11 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Mathematics SC History & Philosophy of Science; Mathematics GA BD7GP UT WOS:000363056400025 ER PT S AU Vincenti, MA de Ceglia, D Roppo, V Scalora, M AF Vincenti, Maria Antonietta de Ceglia, Domenico Roppo, Vito Scalora, Michael BE Shadrivov, IV Lapine, M Kivshar, YS TI Nonlinear Optical Interactions in epsilon-Near-Zero Materials: Second and Third Harmonic Generation SO NONLINEAR, TUNABLE AND ACTIVE METAMATERIALS SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUBWAVELENGTH METAL APERTURES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; NEGATIVE REFRACTION; LOW PERMITTIVITY; UV WAVELENGTHS; LIGHT WAVES; PULSES; MEDIA; ARRAYS AB Second and third harmonic generation in materials that display near-zero permittivity values are discussed. The enormous field enhancement due to the continuity of the longitudinal component of the displacement field enhances the nonlinear response drastically. Nonlinear surface terms due to symmetry breaking and phase-locked harmonic components should not be neglected in such extreme environments. C1 [Vincenti, Maria Antonietta; de Ceglia, Domenico] Natl Res Council AMRDEC, Charles M Bowden Res Lab, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. [Roppo, Vito] CNRS, Lab Photon & Nanostruct, F-91460 Marcoussis, France. [Scalora, Michael] US Army RDECOM, Charles M Bowden Res Lab, AMRDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Vincenti, MA (reprint author), Natl Res Council AMRDEC, Charles M Bowden Res Lab, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM vincentiantonella@gmail.com; michael.scalora@us.army.mil NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-319-08386-5; 978-3-319-08385-8 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2015 VL 200 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-08386-5_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-08386-5 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BD7ID UT WOS:000363121800009 ER PT J AU Hostetter, NJ Evans, AF Loge, FJ O'Connor, RR Cramer, BM Fryer, D Collis, K AF Hostetter, Nathan J. Evans, Allen F. Loge, Frank J. O'Connor, Rolland R. Cramer, Bradley M. Fryer, Derek Collis, Ken TI The Influence of Individual Fish Characteristics on Survival and Detection: Similarities across Two Salmonid Species SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; AVIAN PREDATION; SNAKE RIVER; MARKED ANIMALS; PERIOD HYPOTHESIS; PACIFIC SALMON; TRAVEL-TIME AB Trait-selective mortality is of considerable management and conservation interest, especially when trends are similar across multiple species of conservation concern. In the Columbia River basin, thousands of juvenile Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. are collected each year and are tagged at juvenile bypass system (JBS) facilities located at hydroelectric dams, thus allowing the tracking of population-level performance metrics (e.g., juvenile survival and juvenile-to-adult survival). Several studies have suggested that juvenile salmonid survival is both size dependent and condition dependent, but little is known about trait-selective collection at JBS facilities. Trait-selective collection (e.g., length-based or condition-based selectivity) is particularly important, as inferences to population-level performance metrics may be biased if both the survival and collection processes are influenced by similar characteristics. We used a capture-mark-recapture study to investigate length-and condition-selective survival and detection probabilities for two salmonid species in the Columbia River basin. In 2014, juvenile steelhead O. mykiss (n = 11,201) and yearling Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha (n = 7,943) were PIT-tagged, measured (FL), examined for external condition characteristics (descaling, body injuries, fin damage, or disease symptoms), and released into the Lower Granite Dam JBS facility on the Snake River to continue seaward migration. Results indicated similar trends in both length-and condition-selective juvenile survival and detection probabilities. For both species, survival probability was higher for longer, nondegraded individuals (those without descaling, body injuries, or fin damage). Trends in detection probability were also consistent across species: shorter, degraded individuals were more likely to be detected at downstream JBS facilities than longer, healthier individuals. These results suggest that similar characteristics (FL and external condition) affect survival and detection processes for PIT-tagged steelhead and yearling Chinook Salmon and that JBS facilities may selectively collect smaller, degraded individuals with lower probabilities of survival. The consistency in trait-selective survival and detection results has important management implications for several species of conservation concern. C1 [Hostetter, Nathan J.; Evans, Allen F.; Cramer, Bradley M.; Collis, Ken] Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Loge, Frank J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [O'Connor, Rolland R.] Blue Leaf Environm Inc, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [Fryer, Derek] US Army Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Hostetter, NJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Box 8001, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nathan@realtimeresearch.com FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Walla Walla District FX We thank M. Timko, J. Maenhout, C. Fitzgerald, S. McCutcheon, R. Richmond, D. Thompson, A. Hopkins, C. Frantz, and numerous technicians for assistance in the field and with data processing. We especially thank C. Pinney, D. Tratchenbarg, and M. Halter. Richard Zabel and one anonymous reviewer provided comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Walla Walla District provided funding and logistical support for which we are grateful. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agency. The use of trade or product names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1034 EP 1045 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1077176 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CW2TD UT WOS:000364844800017 ER PT J AU Fernandez, A AF Fernandez, Alberto TI "Contesting the Space" Adversarial Online Engagement as a Tool for Combating Violent Extremism SO SOUNDINGS LA English DT Article DE terrorist propaganda; government strategic communications; social media; al-Qa'ida; Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) AB The rise of social media as a tool by Salafi Jihadist organizations for mobilization and propaganda engendered a variety of responses by governments. One controversial and prominent effort was the work of the U.S. Center for Strategic Counterterrorism Communications (CSCC) from 2011 to 2014. Aggressively responding to al-Qa'ida/ISIS propaganda in the space they had previously monopolized, this small low-budget but high profile effort succeeded in attracting the ire of terrorist communicators and their supporters, who exerted efforts to block or blunt counter-messaging. Despite the response, the overall effectiveness of this experiment in freewheeling adversarial engagement is unclear. C1 [Fernandez, Alberto] CSCC, Columbus, OH USA. [Fernandez, Alberto] US Army, Washington, DC USA. RP Fernandez, A (reprint author), MEMRI, Washington, DC 20002 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU PENN STATE UNIV PRESS PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 820 NORTH UNIV DRIVE, U S B 1, STE C, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 0038-1861 EI 2161-6302 J9 SOUNDINGS JI Soundings PY 2015 VL 98 IS 4 BP 488 EP 500 PG 13 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA CW1PZ UT WOS:000364765100006 ER PT J AU Sun, W Baize, RR Videen, G Hu, Y Fu, Q AF Sun, W. Baize, R. R. Videen, G. Hu, Y. Fu, Q. TI A method to retrieve super-thin cloud optical depth over ocean background with polarized sunlight SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CIRRUS CLOUDS; TROPICAL CIRRUS; CALIPSO LIDAR; MODIS DATA; CLEAR-SKY; CALIBRATION; PARAMETERIZATION; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION; RADIATION AB In this work, an algorithm that uses the polarization angle of the backscattered solar radiation to detect clouds with optical depth (OD) < similar to 0.3 is further developed. We find that at viewing angles within +/- similar to 8 degrees around the backscattering direction, the p-polarized intensity that is parallel to the meridian plane of reflected light from the surface is sensitive to, and nearly linearly related to, the optical depth of super-thin clouds. Moreover, our sensitivity study suggests that the p-polarized intensity at these viewing angles is not sensitive to the ocean surface conditions. Using this property of p-polarized intensity, super-thin clouds' optical depth can be retrieved. C1 [Sun, W.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Baize, R. R.; Hu, Y.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Videen, G.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Videen, G.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Fu, Q.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sun, W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Sun, W (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 FU NASA Glory fund [09-GLORY09-0027]; NASA CLARREO mission FX This work was supported by NASA Glory fund 09-GLORY09-0027. The authors thank Michael I. Mishchenko and Hal B. Maring for this support. Wenbo Sun also thanks Bruce A. Wielicki for helpful discussions and the support from NASA CLARREO mission for this work. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 20 BP 11909 EP 11918 DI 10.5194/acp-15-11909-2015 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5NE UT WOS:000364316800025 ER PT J AU Golden, JW Hammerbeck, CD Mucker, EM Brocato, RL AF Golden, Joseph W. Hammerbeck, Christopher D. Mucker, Eric M. Brocato, Rebecca L. TI Animal Models for the Study of Rodent-Borne Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: Arenaviruses and Hantaviruses (vol 2015, 793257, 2015) SO BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Golden, Joseph W.; Hammerbeck, Christopher D.; Mucker, Eric M.; Brocato, Rebecca L.] US Army, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Dept Mol Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Golden, JW (reprint author), US Army, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Dept Mol Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM joseph.w.golden.ctr@mail.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2314-6133 EI 2314-6141 J9 BIOMED RES INT JI Biomed Res. Int. PY 2015 AR 313190 DI 10.1155/2015/313190 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CW0IE UT WOS:000364671900001 ER PT J AU Rush, LW AF Rush, Laurie W. TI Off Course? A Career in Archaeology Outside of the Academy SO JOURNAL OF EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND HERITAGE STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rush, Laurie W.] United States Army, Publ Works Environm Div, Ft Drum, NY 13602 USA. RP Rush, LW (reprint author), United States Army, Publ Works Environm Div, 85 First St West, Ft Drum, NY 13602 USA. EM laurie.w.rush.civ@mail.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENN STATE UNIV PRESS PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 820 NORTH UNIV DRIVE, U S B 1, STE C, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 2166-3548 EI 2166-3556 J9 J EAST MEDITERR ARCH JI J. East. Mediterr. Archaeol. Herit. Stud. PY 2015 VL 3 IS 3 BP 262 EP 270 PG 11 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA CW1JC UT WOS:000364744600010 ER PT J AU Kim, K Mantena, PR Daryadel, SS Boddu, VM Brenner, MW Patel, JS AF Kim, Kiyun Mantena, P. Raju Daryadel, Seyed Soheil Boddu, Veera M. Brenner, Matthew W. Patel, Jignesh S. TI Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and High Strain-Rate Energy Absorption Characteristics of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Woven Fiber-Glass Composites SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER COMPOSITES; SCIENCE AB The dynamic mechanical behavior and energy absorption characteristics of nano-enhanced functionally graded composites, consisting of 3 layers of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) forests grown on woven fiber-glass (FG) layer and embedded within 10 layers of woven FG, with polyester (PE) and polyurethane (PU) resin systems (FG/PE/VACNT and FG/PU/VACNT) are investigated and compared with the baseline materials, FG/PE and FG/PU (i.e., without VACNT). A Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) was used for obtaining the mechanical properties. It was found that FG/PE/VACNT exhibited a significantly lower flexural stiffness at ambient temperature along with higher damping loss factor over the investigated temperature range compared to the baseline material FG/PE. For FG/PU/VACNT, a significant increase in flexural stiffness at ambient temperature along with a lower damping loss factor was observed with respect to the baseline material FG/PU. A Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) was used to evaluate the energy absorption and strength of specimens under high strain-rate compression loading. It was found that the specific energy absorption increased with VACNT layers embedded in both FG/PE and FG/PU. The compressive strength also increased with the addition of VACNT forest layers in FG/PU; however, it did not show an improvement for FG/PE. C1 [Kim, Kiyun; Mantena, P. Raju; Daryadel, Seyed Soheil] Univ Mississippi, Dept Mech Engn, Composite Struct & Nanoengn Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Boddu, Veera M.; Brenner, Matthew W.; Patel, Jignesh S.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab ERDC CERL, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Mech Engn, Composite Struct & Nanoengn Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kky2729@gmail.com FU U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center-Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL), Champaign, IL, USA [W9132T-12-P0057] FX The financial support from the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center-Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL), Champaign, IL, USA, Grant W9132T-12-P0057 is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Dr. Brahma Pramanik for his help in performing the DMA and SHPB experiments. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 13 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 EI 1687-4129 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2015 AR 480549 DI 10.1155/2015/480549 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CW0OQ UT WOS:000364689400001 ER PT J AU Mejias-Santiago, M Doyle, JD Rushing, JF AF Mejias-Santiago, Mariely Doyle, Jesse D. Rushing, John F. TI Performance of Grooved Warm-Mix Asphalt Pavement Surfaces Under Heavy Aircraft Load and High Tire Pressure SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB This paper presents an evaluation of the performance of grooved warm-mix asphalt (WMA) under heavy aircraft loading compared with that of grooved hot-mix asphalt (HMA). Runway surface grooving is often required to provide high skid resistance for aircraft braking, particularly in wet conditions where hydroplaning must be minimized. An area of potential concern with the use of WMA on the surface of airfield runway pavements is the material response to surface grooving. If the asphalt binder in WMA is softer than that of comparable HMA because of reduced binder aging during production and placement, the WMA mixture may be more likely to experience groove closure or collapse. This condition could result in hydroplaning issues because of the reduction in water discharge and also in chipping of aggregate from the groove edges, which could increase the potential for foreign object damage. A full-scale experiment was designed to evaluate two pavement curing conditions and three WMA mixtures. Traffic was applied to the pavements with an F-15 load cart, and testing occurred during the summer of 2013. The performance of WMA, measured as the percentage of groove closure, was compared with that of comparative HMA. It was concluded that WMA could perform as well as BMA under different pavement curing conditions. This result indicates that WMA runway surface pavement that is properly cured before grooving should not exhibit groove closure under normal aircraft traffic conditions. C1 [Mejias-Santiago, Mariely; Doyle, Jesse D.; Rushing, John F.] US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, Airfields & Pavements Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Mejias-Santiago, M (reprint author), US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, Airfields & Pavements Branch, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM mariely.mejias@erdc.dren.mil FU U.S. Air Force Civil Engineering Center FX This research was funded by the U.S. Air Force Civil Engineering Center. The authors thank Quint Mason, Chase T. Bradley, John L. Newton, Mathew Hall, and Marcos Guerson de Oliveria for their assistance with pavement surface grooving, trafficking, and data collection. Permission to publish was granted by the director, Geo-technical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2015 IS 2501 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.3141/2501-06 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA CW2EC UT WOS:000364802900007 ER PT J AU Julian, CH Valente, JM AF Julian, Christopher H. Valente, Juliana M. TI Psychosocial factors related to returning to work in US Army Soldiers SO WORK-A Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation LA English DT Article DE Employment; military; worker role interview; model of human occupation ID ROLE INTERVIEW; HEALTH; IRAQ; UNEMPLOYMENT; AFGHANISTAN; DEPRESSION; PREDICTORS; DISORDER; OUTCOMES; INJURY AB BACKGROUND: Work provides daily structure, physical and mental activity, interpersonal contact, social status, self-esteem, respect of others, and the ability to use acquired skills. Wounded, ill, or injured soldiers are often removed from duty and assigned or attached to a Warrior Transition Unit during medical and rehabilitation management. Separation from meaningful employment can lead to negative physical and behavioral health outcomes that may impact an active duty soldier's ability to resume work. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study explored the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) psychosocial factors of Personal Causation, Values, Interests, Roles, Habits, and Perceptions of Environment related to returning to work in US Army Soldiers in a Warrior Transition Unit (WTU) at a large military medical center. METHODS: Single data collection sessions were held for 34 soldiers using the following instruments: a demographic and work status questionnaire, the Role Checklist, and the Worker Role Interview (WRI). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square analysis, and the Mann Whitney U test were used to analyze the results. RESULTS: Analysis revealed that one WRI item related to Personal Causation and three items related to Roles and Habits were supportive factors for successfully returning to employment among soldiers that were working or engaged in returning to work. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences among psychosocial factors related to returning to work between soldiers who are currently working or have returned to work and those who have not. Longitudinal studies could help to clarify how these factors augment a soldier's rehabilitation at a WTU. C1 [Julian, Christopher H.; Valente, Juliana M.] US Army, Army Med Specialist Corps, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Julian, CH (reprint author), 10405 Rachel Ave, Englewood, FL 34224 USA. EM chrisjulian85@yahoo.com NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1051-9815 EI 1875-9270 J9 WORK JI Work PY 2015 VL 52 IS 2 BP 419 EP 431 DI 10.3233/WOR-152113 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV6WE UT WOS:000364411700019 PM 26409358 ER PT J AU Dacunto, PJ Klepeis, NE Cheng, KC Acevedo-Bolton, V Jiang, RT Repace, JL Otta, WR Hildemann, LM AF Dacunto, Philip J. Klepeis, Neil E. Cheng, Kai-Chung Acevedo-Bolton, Viviana Jiang, Ruo-Ting Repace, James L. Otta, Wayne R. Hildemann, Lynn M. TI Determining PM2.5 calibration curves for a low-cost particle monitor: common indoor residential aerosols SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-QUALITY; POLLUTANTS; OUTDOOR; HOMES AB Real-time particle monitors are essential for accurately estimating exposure to fine particles indoors. However, many such monitors tend to be prohibitively expensive for some applications, such as a tenant or homeowner curious about the quality of the air in their home. A lower cost version (the Dylos Air Quality Monitor) has recently been introduced, but it requires appropriate calibration to reflect the mass concentration units required for exposure assessment. We conducted a total of 64 experiments with a suite of instruments including a Dylos DC1100, another real-time laser photometer (TSI SidePak T Model AM-510 Personal Aerosol Monitor), and a gravimetric sampling apparatus to estimate Dylos calibration factors for emissions from 17 different common indoor sources including cigarettes, incense, fried bacon, chicken, and hamburger. Comparison of minute-by-minute data from the Dylos with the gravimetrically calibrated SidePak yielded relationships that enable the conversion of the raw Dylos particle counts less than 2.5 mm (in #/0.01 ft(3)) to estimated PM2.5 mass concentration (e.g. mg m(-3)). The relationship between the exponentially-decaying Dylos particle counts and PM2.5 mass concentration can be described by a theoretically-derived power law with source-specific empirical parameters. A linear relationship (calibration factor) is applicable to fresh or quickly decaying emissions (i.e., before the aerosol has aged and differential decay rates introduce curvature into the relationship). The empirical parameters for the power-law relationships vary greatly both between and within source types, although linear factors appear to have lower uncertainty. The Dylos Air Quality Monitor is likely most useful for providing instantaneous feedback and context on mass particle levels in home and work situations for field-survey or personal awareness applications. C1 [Dacunto, Philip J.; Klepeis, Neil E.; Cheng, Kai-Chung; Acevedo-Bolton, Viviana; Jiang, Ruo-Ting; Otta, Wayne R.; Hildemann, Lynn M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Dacunto, Philip J.] US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Klepeis, Neil E.] San Diego State Univ Res Fdn, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Behav Epidemiol & Community Hlth CBEACH, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Repace, James L.] Repace Associates, Bowie, MD 20720 USA. RP Dacunto, PJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM philip.dacunto@usma.edu OI Klepeis, Neil/0000-0002-6934-3242 FU California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program of the University of California FX This research was supported by funds from the California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program of the University of California, grant number 19CA0123. The authors would like to thank Dr Royal Kopperud for his extensive assistance in the Stanford lab. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2015 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1959 EP 1966 DI 10.1039/c5em00365b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV3GK UT WOS:000364146800010 PM 26487426 ER PT J AU Oppeltz, RF Holloway, TL Covington, CJ Schwacha, MG AF Oppeltz, Richard F. Holloway, Travis L. Covington, Cody J. Schwacha, Martin G. TI The contribution of opiate analgesics to the development of infectious complications in trauma patients SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BURNS AND TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE Pain; mechanical ventilation; analgesia; LOS; infection; ICU ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; ADVERSE DRUG EVENTS; LENGTH-OF-STAY; POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA; SEDATION; SEPSIS; PROGRESSION AB Trauma-related pain is a natural consequence of injury and its surgical management; however, the relationship between opiates and complications in trauma patients is unknown. To study this a retrospective chart review of selected subjects following traumatic injury with admission to the SICU for > 3 days was performed, and opiate administration data was collected for the first 3 days of admission. Associated data from each subject's chart was also collected. Analysis of the data revealed that increased opiate intake after admission to the SICU was associated with significantly increased SICU and hospital LOS independent of injury severity. This increase in LOS was independent of mechanical ventilation in the moderate ISS group. Infectious complications were also more prevalent in the moderate ISS group with higher opiate use. These findings suggest that increased doses of opiate analgesics in trauma patients may contribute to an increased overall LOS and associated infectious complications. Analgesic regimes that minimize opiate intake, while still providing adequate pain relief, may be advantageous in reducing LOS, complications and reduce hospitalization costs. C1 [Oppeltz, Richard F.; Holloway, Travis L.; Covington, Cody J.; Schwacha, Martin G.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Schwacha, Martin G.] US Army Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Schwacha, MG (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Surg, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM schwacha@uthscsa.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM079085] NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU E-CENTURY PUBLISHING CORP PI MADISON PA 40 WHITE OAKS LN, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 2160-2026 J9 INT J BURNS TRAUMA JI Int. J. Burns Trauma PY 2015 VL 5 IS 2 BP 56 EP 65 PG 10 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA CV4ER UT WOS:000364219600001 PM 26309777 ER PT J AU Belenkiy, SM Baker, WL Batchinsky, AI Mittal, S Watkins, T Salinas, J Cancio, LC AF Belenkiy, Slava M. Baker, William L. Batchinsky, Andriy I. Mittal, Sumit Watkins, Taylor Salinas, Jose Cancio, Leopoldo C. TI Multivariate analysis of the volumetric capnograph for PaCO2 estimation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BURNS AND TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE End-tidal carbon dioxide; arterial carbon dioxide; capnography; pulmonary contusion; hemorrhage; machine learning ID PHYSIOLOGICAL DEAD SPACE; ARTERIAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; SINGLE-BREATH TEST; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; END-TIDAL PCO2; MECHANICAL VENTILATION; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; PREDICTION; PERFUSION; IMPROVE AB Purpose: End-tidal CO2 (eTCO(2)) can be used to estimate the arterial CO2 (PaCO2) under steady-state conditions, but that relationship deteriorates during hemodynamic or respiratory instability. We developed a multivariate method to improve our ability to estimate the PaCO2, by using additional information contained in the volumetric capnograph (Vcap) waveform. We tested this approach using data from a porcine model of chest trauma/hemorrhage. Methods: This experiment consisted of 3 stages: pre-injury, injury/resuscitation, and post-injury. In stage I, anesthetized pigs (n= 26) underwent ventilator maneuvers (tidal volume and respiratory rate) to induce hypo-or hyper-ventilation. In stage II, pigs underwent either (A) unilateral pulmonary contusion, hemorrhage, and resuscitation (n= 13); or (B) bilateral pulmonary contusion (n= 13) followed by 30 min of monitoring. In stage III, the ventilator maneuvers were repeated. The following Vcap features were measured: eTCO(2), phase 2 slope (p2m), phase 3 slope (p3m), and inter-breath interval. The data were fit to 2 models: (1) multivariate linear regression and (2) a machine-learning model (M5P). Results: 1750 10-breath sets were analyzed. Univariate models employing eTCO(2) alone were adequate during stages I and III. During stage II, mean error for the linear model was -8.44 mmHg (R-2= 0.14, P<0.001) and for M5P it was -5.98 mmHg (R-2= 0.13, P<0.01). By adding Vcap features, all models exhibited improvement. In stage II, the mean error of the linear model improved to -4.64 mmHg (R-2= 0.11, P<0.01), and that of the M5P model improved to -1.62 mmHg (R-2= 0.25, P<0.01). Conclusions: By incorporating Vcap waveform features, multivariate methods modestly improved PaCO2 estimation, especially during periods of hemodynamic and respiratory instability. Further work would be needed to produce a clinically useful CO2 monitoring system under these challenging conditions. C1 [Belenkiy, Slava M.; Baker, William L.; Batchinsky, Andriy I.; Mittal, Sumit; Watkins, Taylor; Salinas, Jose; Cancio, Leopoldo C.] US Army Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Batchinsky, Andriy I.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Cancio, Leopoldo C.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Cancio, LC (reprint author), US Army Inst Surg Res, 3698 Chambers Pass, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM divego99@gmail.com NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E-CENTURY PUBLISHING CORP PI MADISON PA 40 WHITE OAKS LN, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 2160-2026 J9 INT J BURNS TRAUMA JI Int. J. Burns Trauma PY 2015 VL 5 IS 3 BP 66 EP 74 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA CV4ET UT WOS:000364219900001 PM 26550531 ER PT J AU Lee, SS Li, WL Kim, C Cho, MJ Lafferty, BJ Fortner, JD AF Lee, Seung Soo Li, Wenlu Kim, Changwoo Cho, Minjung Lafferty, Brandon J. Fortner, John D. TI Surface functionalized manganese ferrite nanocrystals for enhanced uranium sorption and separation in water SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID FULLERENE C-60 NANOPARTICLES; MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; HIGHLY CRYSTALLINE; URANYL IONS; ADSORPTION; REDUCTION; SPINEL; U(VI); FLUID AB Developments in nanoscale engineering now allow for molecular scale optimization of reactivity, sorption, and magnetism, among other properties, for advanced, material-based environmental applications, including sorption, separation, and sensing of radionuclides. Herein, we describe novel, monodisperse nanoscale manganese ferrite crystals (MnFe2O4) for ultra-high capacity environmental sorption and subsequent separation of uranyl in water. System optimization was explored as a function of nanocrystal (core) composition, surface coating(s), and water chemistry. 11 nm MnFe2O4 nanocrystals, which were colloidally stabilized via engineered oleyl-based surface bilayers, demonstrate extreme, yet specific, uranium binding capacities while remaining monomerically stable under environmentally relevant conditions (water chemistries), which are key for application. In particular, MnFe2O4 cores with oleyl phosphate (as the outer facing layer) bilayers demonstrate preferential uranium binding of >150% (uranium weight)/(particle system weight) while being highly water stable in elevated ionic strengths/types and pH (up to 235.4 ppm (10.24 mM) of NaCl and 51.3 ppm (1.28 mM) of CaCl2, in addition to 60 ppm of uranyl, pH 5-9). Further, when normalized for size and surface coatings, MnFe2O4 nanocrystals had significantly enhanced sorption capacities compared to Mn2FeO4, Fe3O4 and manganese oxide core analogs. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that observed uranium sorption enhancement is due not only to thermodynamically favorable interfacial interactions (for both particle and selected bilayer coatings), but also due to significant uranyl reduction at the particle interface itself. Uranium sorption capacities for optimized systems described are the highest of any material reported to date. C1 [Lee, Seung Soo; Li, Wenlu; Kim, Changwoo; Fortner, John D.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Cho, Minjung] Houston Methodist Res Inst, Dept Translat Imaging, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Cho, Minjung] Houston Methodist Res Inst, Dept Nanomed, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lafferty, Brandon J.] US Army Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Fortner, JD (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM jfortner@wustl.edu RI Lee, Seung Soo/A-6418-2012; Kim, Changwoo/K-9271-2014 OI Kim, Changwoo/0000-0002-8117-842X FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [W912HZ-13-2-0009-P00001]; ACS Petroleum Research Fund [52640-DNI10]; US National Science Foundation [CBET 1437820]; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-1161543]; National Science Foundation [ECS-0335765] FX This work is supported by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (W912HZ-13-2-0009-P00001), ACS Petroleum Research Fund (52640-DNI10), and the US National Science Foundation (CBET 1437820). XRD measurements were made possible by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR-1161543). TEM, DLS, Ultracentrifugation, ICP-OES, and ICP-MS were provided by the Nano Research Facility (NRF) at Washington University in St. Louis, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), which is supported by the National Science Foundation (ECS-0335765). The authors also thank Prof. Daniel E. Giammar for his assistance and helpful discussion. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 43 BP 21930 EP 21939 DI 10.1039/c5ta04406e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CV1LW UT WOS:000364020400061 ER PT S AU Dinh, T Nguyen, H Ghosh, P Mayo, M AF Dinh, Thang Hung Nguyen Ghosh, Preetam Mayo, Michael BE Thai, MT Nguyen, NP Shen, H TI Social Influence Spectrum with Guarantees: Computing More in Less Time SO COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL NETWORKS, CSONET 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Social Network (CSoNet) CY AUG 04-06, 2015 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Influence spectrum; Influence maximization; Approximation algorithm; Linear-time algorithm ID NETWORKS AB Given a social network, the Influence maximization (InfMax) problem seeks a seed set of k people that maximize the expected influence for a viral marketing campaign. However, a solution for a particular seed size k is often not enough to make informed choice regarding budget and cost-effectiveness. In this paper, we propose the computation of influence spectrum (InfSpec), the maximum influence at each possible seed set' sizes (i.e. k = 1..n), thus provide optimal decision making for any range of budget or influence requirements. As none of the existing methods for InfMax are efficient enough for the task in large networks, we propose LISA, the first linear time algorithm for InfSpec (and also InfMax). LISA runs in an expected time O(is an element of(-2) (m + n)) and returns a (1 - 1/e - is an element of)-approximate influence spectrum with high probability. Using statistical decision theory, LISA has an asymptotic optimal running time (in addition to its optimal approximation guarantee). In practice, LISA also surpasses the state-of-the-art InfMax methods, taking less than 5 minutes to process a network of 41.7 million nodes and 1.5 billions edges. C1 [Dinh, Thang; Hung Nguyen; Ghosh, Preetam] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Mayo, Michael] US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Dinh, T (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM tndinh@vcu.edu; hungnt@vcu.edu; pghosh@vcu.edu; Michael.L.Mayo@usace.army.mil RI Dinh, Thang/C-3390-2009 OI Dinh, Thang/0000-0003-4847-8356 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-21786-4; 978-3-319-21785-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9197 BP 84 EP 103 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-21786-4_8 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD8HO UT WOS:000363951600008 ER PT S AU Fields, M Lennon, C Lebiere, C Martin, MK AF Fields, MaryAnne Lennon, Craig Lebiere, Christian Martin, Michael K. BE Liu, H Kubota, N Zhu, X Dillmann, R Zhou, D TI Recognizing Scenes by Simulating Implied Social Interaction Networks SO INTELLIGENT ROBOTICS AND APPLICATIONS (ICIRA 2015), PT III SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications (ICIRA) CY AUG 24-27, 2015 CL Portsmouth, ENGLAND DE Indoor scene recognition; ACT-R; K-Nearest neighbor classification; Machine learning; Cognitive robotics; Social networks AB Indoor scene recognition remains a challenging problem for autonomous systems. Recognizing public spaces (e.g., libraries, classrooms), which contain collections of commonplace objects (e.g., chairs, tables), is particularly vexing; different furniture arrangements imply different types of social interaction, hence different scene labels. If people arrange rooms to support social interactions of one type or another, then object relationships that reflect the general notion of social immediacy may resolve some of the ambiguity encountered during scene recognition. We thus describe an approach to indoor scene recognition that uses the context provided by inferred social affordances as input to a hybrid cognitive architecture (ACT-R) that can represent, apply and learn knowledge relevant to classifying scenes. To provide common ground, we demonstrate how sub-symbolic learning processes in ACT-R, which plausibly give rise to human cognition, can mimic the performance of a simple, widely used machine learning technique (k-nearest neighbor classification). C1 [Fields, MaryAnne; Lennon, Craig] Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD USA. [Lebiere, Christian; Martin, Michael K.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Martin, MK (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM mary.a.fields22.civ@mail.mil; craig.t.lennon.civ@mail.mil; cl@andrew.cmu.edu; mkm@andrew.cmu.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-22873-0; 978-3-319-22872-3 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9246 BP 360 EP 371 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-22873-0_32 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BD8BH UT WOS:000363756900032 ER PT J AU Hutchings, JK Perovich, DK AF Hutchings, Jennifer K. Perovich, Donald K. TI Preconditioning of the 2007 sea-ice melt in the eastern Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sea-ice dynamics ID SUMMER; MODEL AB During summer 2007, perennial sea ice in the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean, experienced an unprecedented amount of basal melt. It has previously been shown that this basal melt was linked to an increase in open-water fraction, increasing absorption of solar radiation into the ocean. GPS ice drifters, deployed around the site where the unprecedented basal melt was observed, provide a coincident observation of local divergence. This divergence is used to drive a multi-thickness category thermodynamic sea-ice model. We demonstrate that similar to 75% of the observed open-water fraction by midsummer 2007 can be attributed to ice pack divergence during the growth season, preconditioning the ice pack for early melt in summer. Divergence during the melt season explains the remaining 25% of open water. Enhanced ice pack divergence in spring and summer 2007, in response to the increased transport of ice out of the Beaufort Sea, was sufficient to explain the melt observed in summer 2007 and the heat stored in the upper ocean at the end of summer. C1 [Hutchings, Jennifer K.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Perovich, Donald K.] US Army Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Hutchings, JK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jhutchings@coas.oregonstate.edu FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [ARC 0520574]; NSF [AON 1023662]; Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); IARC Collaboration Studies; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) under the Arctic Research Plan Utilizing the IARC JAXA Information System (IJIS) and Satellite Imagery; Arctic Observing Network, NSF FX We thank Captain McNeil and the crew of the Louis S. St Laurent, who enabled in situ ice observation and buoy deployments in the Beaufort Sea. Satellite passive microwave sea-ice concentration, AMSR-E products, were provided by the US National Snow and Ice Data Center. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) provided data from the ECMWF reanalysis, ERA-Interim. The GPS drifting buoys deployed in 2006 were funded by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) ARC 0520574, and further analysis funded through NSF AON 1023662. Hutchings was supported by grants to the University of Alaska Fairbanks, International Arctic Research Center (ARC) from the Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) under the JAMSTEC and IARC Collaboration Studies and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) under the Arctic Research Plan Utilizing the IARC JAXA Information System (IJIS) and Satellite Imagery. Perovich was supported by the Arctic Observing Network, NSF. We thank two reviewers and the editors, Ken Golden and Petra Heil, who improved the clarity of the manuscript. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2015 VL 56 IS 69 BP 94 EP 98 DI 10.3189/2015AoG69A006 PN 1 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CT8RE UT WOS:000363082900012 ER PT B AU Blanchard, C AF Blanchard, Charles BE Bergen, PL Rothenberg, D TI This Is Not War by Machine SO DRONE WARS: TRANSFORMING CONFLICT, LAW, AND POLICY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Blanchard, Charles] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Blanchard, Charles] US Army, Arlington, VA USA. RP Blanchard, C (reprint author), Arnold & Porter LLP, Washington, DC 20004 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-02556-1; 978-1-107-66338-1 PY 2015 BP 118 EP 128 PG 11 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BD5HG UT WOS:000361441500008 ER PT S AU Robinson, KB Shoop, BL AF Robinson, Kathleen B. Shoop, Barry L. BE Cormier, E Sarger, L TI ABET accreditation for optical and photonics engineering: The why and how SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS: ETOP 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Education and Training in Optics and Photonics (ETOP) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2015 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, IEEE Photon Soc, Opt Soc, PYLA, Univ Bordeaux, Route Lasers, EPIC, Ocean Opt Inc, PI Micos GmbH, Micro Controle Spectra Phys SAS, Thorlabs Inc, Didalab, IDIL Fibres Optiques SAS, Resolut Spectra Syst, Laser Components GmbH, Laser 2000 GmbH, Jasper Display Corp DE ABET; accreditation; program criteria; engineering education AB The authors have recently been involved with ABET (formerly the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology) and multiple professional societies, educational institutions and industry to develop program criteria for the accreditation of optical and photonic engineering programs at the undergraduate and masters level. These collaborative efforts have resulted in the first published criteria for university programs in optics and photonics. We will discuss the motivation for seeking membership in ABET, who ABET is and what it does, the process used to develop program criteria and the value of accreditation to both students and industry. This presentation will also include a segment addressing the steps involved for those optics and photonics engineering programs seeking ABET accreditation and resources that are available to assist them. ABET has a long history of global engagement with the overarching goal of promoting and improving the quality of technical education worldwide. We will also discuss ABET's international activities and how they support ABET's mission of providing world leadership in assuring quality in applied science, computing, engineering, and engineering technology education. C1 [Robinson, Kathleen B.] SPIE, Bellingham, WA 98227 USA. [Shoop, Barry L.] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Robinson, KB (reprint author), SPIE, Bellingham, WA 98227 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0028-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9793 AR 97932L DI 10.1117/12.2223228 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BD7MF UT WOS:000363283000065 ER PT J AU Patil, R Kiserow, D Genzer, J AF Patil, Rohan Kiserow, Douglas Genzer, Jan TI Creating surface patterns of polymer brushes by degrafting via tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID GRAFTING DENSITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; GRADIENTS; MICROMETER; INITIATOR; FEATURES; CELLS AB We demonstrate the use of tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride (TBAF) for creating spatial patterns of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes on a flat silica support by degrafting PMMA grafted chains from selected regions on the substrate. We generate a gradient in grafting density of PMMA brushes by dipping substrates featuring homogeneous PMMA brush assemblies into TBAF solution. Desired in-plane patterns in the PMMA brush layer in millimeter scale are created by using a microcontact printing TBAF with a stamp made of agarose gel. The use of TBAF for degrafting is appealing because it cleaves selectively Si-O bonds and activates hydroxyl groups on silicon surfaces to enable deposition of organosilane-based initiators for growth of a fresh polymer brush layer. The latter is verified by using ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements. The reusability of the substrate allows us to create diblock copolymer brushes on selected portions of the substrate not exposed to TBAF while decorating the TBAF-treated sections of the substrate with homopolymer brushes. C1 [Patil, Rohan; Kiserow, Douglas; Genzer, Jan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kiserow, Douglas] US Army, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Genzer, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jan_genzer@ncsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1404639]; Army Research Office under their Staff Research Program [W911NF-04-D-0003-0016] FX We thank Dr Jiri Srogl for his contribution regarding understanding the chemistry of TBAF. The work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant no. DMR-1404639) and the Army Research Office under their Staff Research Program (Grant no. W911NF-04-D-0003-0016). NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 105 BP 86120 EP 86125 DI 10.1039/c5ra17000a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CU0BD UT WOS:000363179500017 ER PT J AU Tran, DT Dong, H Walck, SD Zhang, SS AF Tran, Dat T. Dong, Hong Walck, Scott D. Zhang, Sheng S. TI Pyrite FeS2-C composite as a high capacity cathode material of rechargeable lithium batteries SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE; ION BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; ANODE MATERIAL; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NATURAL PYRITE; SOLID-STATE; PERFORMANCE; ELECTROLYTE AB Pyrite FeS2 is a promising cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries because of its high theoretical capacity (894 mA h g(-1)), low cost and near-infinite earth abundance. However, the progress in developing viable Li/FeS2 batteries has been hampered by the poor cyclability of the FeS2 cathode. Aiming to improve the cyclability of the FeS2 cathode, we here report a facile method for the synthesis of FeS2-C composites by a one-pot hydrothermal reaction of FeSO4 and Na2S2 in the presence of carbon black, and examine the effect of composition on the structure of FeS2-C composites and the cycling performance of Li/FeS2 cells. It is shown that the added carbon not only surrounds the FeS2 surface but also penetrates into the entire FeS2 particle, forming continuously conductive networks throughout the FeS2 particle. However, introduction of carbon meanwhile increases the particle size of the FeS2 active material. These two factors lead to an improvement in the rate capability of Li/FeS2 cells while having little effect on the specific capacity and capacity retention of the FeS2 cathode. On the other hand, we show that the electrolyte plays an important role in affecting the cyclability of Li/FeS2 cells, and that the ether- and carbonate-based electrolytes affect the cycling performance of Li/FeS2 cells in their unique manners. C1 [Tran, Dat T.; Zhang, Sheng S.] US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Dong, Hong; Walck, Scott D.] US Army Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM shengshui.zhang.civ@mail.mil RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 19 U2 61 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 107 BP 87847 EP 87854 DI 10.1039/c5ra18895d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CU3HY UT WOS:000363416400011 ER PT S AU Wang, Y Li-Byarlay, H AF Wang, Ying Li-Byarlay, Hongmei BE Jurenka, R TI Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Nutrition in Honey Bees SO ADVANCES IN INSECT PHYSIOLOGY, VOL 49 SE Advances in Insect Physiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID APIS-MELLIFERA-L; DIVISION-OF-LABOR; INSULIN-SIGNALING PATHWAY; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; COLONY-LEVEL SELECTION; JUVENILE-HORMONE; DNA METHYLATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; WORKER HONEYBEES; HUMAN-DISEASE AB Nutrition is one of the most influential environmental factors for development, function, and survival of all organisms. One of the central and most intriguing questions in social insect research is how nutrition and the environment can program the development of different reproductive castes. Since the honey bee, Apis mellifera, genome was sequenced in 2006, tremendous knowledge has been gained on how genomic biology and molecular mechanisms respond to nutrition. This review integrates insights gained from past and recent research on honey bee physiology, behaviour, developmental biology, genetics, and molecular biology. A wide range of topics are covered from nutrients and digestive enzymes, to molecular physiological signalling pathways, to feeding behaviour and nourishment, and to epigenetic mechanisms programming larval and adult development. Caste determination is the focus in larval development, and behavioural transition of adult workers is the focus in adult nutrition. A deeper understanding of social insects and their nutritional regulation at the genomic level is still needed. It is recommended that future work focus on dissecting the network and signalling pathways between epigenetic marks and endocrinological factors using the honey bee as an excellent model system. C1 [Wang, Ying] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Li-Byarlay, Hongmei] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Li-Byarlay, Hongmei] US Army, Army Res Off, Durham, NC USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 173 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 50 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0065-2806 BN 978-0-12-802679-3; 978-0-12-802586-4 J9 ADV INSECT PHYSIOL JI Adv. Insect Physiol. PY 2015 VL 49 BP 25 EP 58 DI 10.1016/bs.aiip.2015.06.002 PG 34 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BD7MM UT WOS:000363309800002 ER PT J AU Geiger, C Wadhams, P Muller, HR Richter-Menge, J Samluk, J Deliberty, T Corradina, V AF Geiger, Cathleen Wadhams, Peter Mueller, Hans-Reinhard Richter-Menge, Jacqueline Samluk, Jesse Deliberty, Tracy Corradina, Victoria TI On the uncertainty of sea-ice isostasy SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ice and climate; ice physics; sea ice; sea-ice dynamics; sea-ice modelling ID SNOW DEPTH; THICKNESS; FREEBOARD AB During late winter 2007, coincident measurements of sea ice were collected using various sensors at an ice camp in the Beaufort Sea, Canadian Arctic. Analysis of the archived data provides new insight into sea-ice isostasy and its related R-factor through case studies at three scales using different combinations of snow and ice thickness components. At the smallest scale (<1 m; point scale), isostasy is not expected, so we calculate a residual and define this as psi ('zjey') to describe vertical displacement due to deformation. From 1 to 10 m length scales, we explore traditional isostasy and identify a specific sequence of thickness calculations which minimize freeboard and elevation uncertainty. An effective solution exists when the R-factor is allowed to vary: ranging from 2 to 12, with mean of 5.17, mode of 5.88 and skewed distribution. At regional scales, underwater, airborne and spaceborne platforms are always missing thickness variables from either above or below sea level. For such situations, realistic agreement is found by applying small-scale skewed ranges for the R-factor. These findings encourage a broader isostasy solution as a function of potential energy and length scale. Overall, results add insight to data collection strategies and metadata characteristics of different thickness products. C1 [Geiger, Cathleen; Deliberty, Tracy; Corradina, Victoria] Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Wadhams, Peter] Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 9EW, England. [Mueller, Hans-Reinhard] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Richter-Menge, Jacqueline] US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Terr & Cryospher Sci Branch, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Geiger, Cathleen; Samluk, Jesse] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE USA. RP Geiger, C (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM cgeiger@udel.edu FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [ARC-1107725, ARC-0611991, ARC-0612105]; DAMOCLES (Developing Arctic Modeling and Observing Capabilities for Long-term Environmental Studies) project; Office of Naval Research; International Space Science Institute [169]; College of Earth, Ocean & Environment, University of Delaware; NSF FX The US National Science Foundation (NSF) provided support through ARC-1107725 (University of Alaska Fairbanks), ARC-0611991 (CRREL), ARC-0612105 and ARC-1107725 (University of Delaware). Submarine science team supported through the DAMOCLES (Developing Arctic Modeling and Observing Capabilities for Long-term Environmental Studies) project and Office of Naval Research. Logistics made possible through J. Gossett (US Arctic Submarine Laboratory), F. Karig (University of Washington) and the US Navy. We thank N. Hughes (Norwegian Meteorological Institute), A. Turner, K.A. Giles (University College London) and R. Harris for participation in ground surveys, with special remembrance for K.A. Giles and R. Harris (NSF-sponsored PolarTREC teacher). The International Space Science Institute is acknowledged for collaborative project No. 169, and R. Kwok (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA) for discussions on the long-term value of field measurements. Undergraduate students T. Mattraw, S. Sood and S. Streeter (classes of 2011, 2012 and 2013) participated in analysis through the Dartmouth Women In Science Project (WISP). C.G. also supported by the College of Earth, Ocean & Environment, University of Delaware, and M. Hilchenbach (MPS Fellowship Program). NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2015 VL 56 IS 69 BP 341 EP 352 DI 10.3189/2015AoG69A633 PN 2 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CT8RH UT WOS:000363083200014 ER PT J AU Geiger, C Muller, HR Samluk, JP Bernstein, ER Richter-Menge, J AF Geiger, Cathleen Mueller, Hans-Reinhard Samluk, Jesse P. Bernstein, E. Rachel Richter-Menge, Jacqueline TI Impact of spatial aliasing on sea-ice thickness measurements SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ice and climate; ice physics; sea ice; snow/ice surface processes; volume scaling methods ID FOOTPRINTS AB We explore spatial aliasing of non-Gaussian distributions of sea-ice thickness. Using a heuristic model and >1000 measurements, we show how different instrument footprint sizes and shapes can cluster thickness distributions into artificial modes, thereby distorting frequency distribution, making it difficult to compare and communicate information across spatial scales. This problem has not been dealt with systematically in sea ice until now, largely because it appears to incur no significant change in integrated thickness which often serves as a volume proxy. Concomitantly, demands are increasing for thickness distribution as a resource for modeling, monitoring and forecasting air sea fluxes and growing human infrastructure needs in a changing polar environment. New demands include the characterization of uncertainties both regionally and seasonally for spaceborne, airborne, in situ and underwater measurements. To serve these growing needs, we quantify the impact of spatial aliasing by computing resolution error (E-r) over a range of horizontal scales (x) from 5 to 500 m. Results are summarized through a power law (E-r = bx(m)) with distinct exponents (m) from 0.3 to 0.5 using example mathematical functions including Gaussian, inverse linear and running mean filters. Recommendations and visualizations are provided to encourage discussion, new data acquisitions, analysis methods and metadata formats. C1 [Geiger, Cathleen; Bernstein, E. Rachel] Univ Delaware, Geog, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Mueller, Hans-Reinhard] Dartmouth Coll, Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Geiger, Cathleen; Samluk, Jesse P.] Univ Delaware, Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE USA. [Richter-Menge, Jacqueline] US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Terr & Cryospher Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Geiger, C (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Geog, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM cgeiger@udel.edu FU US National Science Foundation [ARC-0612105, ARC-1107725]; International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland [169]; College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware FX This work is supported by US National Science Foundation grants ARC-0612105 and ARC-1107725. The International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland, is acknowledged through project No. 169 (2009-2011: Space-borne monitoring of polar sea ice). C.A.G. thanks the College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, for partial support from January to August 2010, and M. Hilchenbach (Max Planck Institute) for Solar System Research, Germany) from August to September 2011. Finally, we thank Chief Editor P. Heil, Scientific Editor J. Renwick and two anonymous reviewers. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2015 VL 56 IS 69 BP 353 EP 362 DI 10.3189/2015AoG69A644 PN 2 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CT8RH UT WOS:000363083200015 ER PT J AU Overeem, I Hudson, B Welty, E Mikkelsen, A Bamber, J Petersen, D Lewinter, A Hasholt, B AF Overeem, Irina Hudson, Benjamin Welty, Ethan Mikkelsen, Andreas Bamber, Jonathan Petersen, Dorthe Lewinter, Adam Hasholt, Bent TI River inundation suggests ice-sheet runoff retention SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluvial transport; glacier hydrology; ice and climate; ice-sheet mass balance; surface melt ID WEST GREENLAND; MASS-BALANCE; HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY; MELTWATER STORAGE; DISCHARGE; KANGERLUSSUAQ; SEDIMENT; FJORD; MODEL; WATER AB The Greenland ice sheet is experiencing dramatic melt that is likely to continue with rapid Arctic warming. However, the proportion of meltwater stored before reaching the global ocean remains difficult to quantify. We use NASA MODIS surface reflectance data to estimate river discharge from two West Greenland rivers - the Watson River near Kangerlussuaq and the Naujat Kuat River near Nuuk - over the summers of 2000-12. By comparison with in situ river discharge observations, 'inundation-discharge' relations were constructed for both rivers. MODIS-based total annual discharges agree well with total discharge estimated from in situ observations (86% of summer discharge in 2009 to 96% in 2011 at the Watson River, and 106% of total discharge in 2011 to 104% in 2012 at the Naujat Kuat River). We find, however, that a time-lapse camera, deployed at the Watson River in summer 2012, better captures the variations in observed discharge, benefiting from fewer data gaps due to clouds. The MODIS-derived estimates indicate that summer discharge has not significantly increased over the last decade, despite a strong warming trend. Also, meltwater runoff estimates derived from the regional climate model RACMO2/GR for the drainage basins are higher than our reconstructions of river discharge. These results provide indirect evidence for a considerable component of water storage within the glacio-hydrological system. C1 [Overeem, Irina; Hudson, Benjamin; Welty, Ethan] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mikkelsen, Andreas; Hasholt, Bent] Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Bamber, Jonathan] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Petersen, Dorthe] Greenland Survey, Asiaq, Nuuk, Greenland. [Lewinter, Adam] Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Overeem, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM irina.overeem@colorado.edu RI Bamber, Jonathan/C-7608-2011 OI Bamber, Jonathan/0000-0002-2280-2819 FU US National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs (NSF-OPP) Award [0909349]; NASA-NEWS [NNX13AC38G] FX This study was funded through US National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs (NSF-OPP) Award 0909349 and NASA-NEWS (NNX13AC38G). We thank CH2M HILL Polar Field Services for logistic support. Michael Rosing contributed local expertise to the field study at the Naujat Kuat River. Ursula Rick, Aaron Zettler-Mann, Katherine Barnhart, Albert Kettner and Leif Anderson assisted with fieldwork. We thank Jason Kean for sharing his stage discharge model, and Janneke Ettema and Michiel van der Broeke for sharing the RACMO2 model results. Larry Smith and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable suggestions. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 10 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2015 VL 61 IS 228 BP 776 EP 788 DI 10.3189/2015JoG15J012 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CT7NQ UT WOS:000363002200013 ER PT S AU Comiso, J Perovich, D Stamnes, K AF Comiso, Josefino Perovich, Don Stamnes, Knut BE Babin, M Arrigo, K Belanger, S Forget, MH TI The Polar Environment: Sun, Clouds, and Ice SO OCEAN COLOUR REMOTE SENSING IN POLAR SEAS SE IOCCG Report LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Comiso, Josefino] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perovich, Don] ERDC CRREL, Hanover, NH USA. [Stamnes, Knut] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ USA. RP Comiso, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT OCEAN COLOUR COORDINATING GROUP-IOCCG PI DARTMOUTH PA IOCCG PROJECT OFF, BEDFORD INST OCEANOGRAPHY, B240, PO BOX 1006, DARTMOUTH, NOVA SCOTIA B2Y 4A2, CANADA SN 1098-6030 BN 978-1-896246-51-2 J9 IOCCG REP PY 2015 VL 16 BP 5 EP 26 PG 22 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BD5AI UT WOS:000361298100002 ER PT J AU Dong, LT Haynes, R Atluri, SN AF Dong, Leiting Haynes, Robert Atluri, Satya N. TI On Improving the Celebrated Paris' Power Law for Fatigue, by Using Moving Least Squares SO CMC-COMPUTERS MATERIALS & CONTINUA LA English DT Article DE crack growth rate; Paris' Power Law; Moving Least Squares ID PATH-INDEPENDENT INTEGRALS; ANALYSES SGBEM-FEM; ALTERNATING METHOD; SURFACE CRACKS; FRACTURE; GROWTH; NOTCHES AB In this study, we propose to approximate the a-n relation as well as the da/dn Delta K relation, in fatigue crack propagation, by using the Moving Least Squares (MLS) method. This simple approach can avoid the internal inconsistencies caused by the celebrated Paris' power law approximation of the da/dn - Delta K relation, as well as the error caused by a simple numerical differentiation of the noisy data for a - n measurements in standard fatigue tests. Efficient, accurate and automatic simulations of fatigue crack propagation can, in general, be realized by using the currently developed MLS law as the "fatigue engine" [da/dn versus Delta K], and using a high-performance "fracture engine" [computing the K-factors] such as the Finite Element Alternating Method. In the present paper, the "fatigue engine" based on the present MLS law, and the "fracture engine" based on the SafeFlaw computer program developed earlier by the authors, in conjunction with the COTS software ANSYS, were used for predicting the total life of arbitrarily cracked structures. By comparing the numerical simulations with experimental tests, it is demonstrated that the current approach can give excellent predictions of the total fatigue life of a cracked structure, while the celebrated Paris' Power Law may miscalculate the total fatigue life by a very large amount. C1 [Dong, Leiting] Hohai Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Dong, Leiting; Atluri, Satya N.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Aerosp Res & Educ, Irvine, CA USA. [Haynes, Robert] US Army Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dong, LT (reprint author), Hohai Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RI Atluri, Satya/D-1386-2011; Dong, Leiting /D-7970-2013 OI Dong, Leiting /0000-0003-1460-1846 FU Vehicle Technology Division of Army Research Labs; Natural Science Foundation Project of Jiangsu Province [BK20140838] FX This work was supported by Vehicle Technology Division of the Army Research Labs. The support and encouragement of Dy Le and Jaret Ricklick are thankfully acknowledged. The first author also thanks the support of Natural Science Foundation Project of Jiangsu Province (Grant no. BK20140838). NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI NORCROSS PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA SN 1546-2218 EI 1546-2226 J9 CMC-COMPUT MATER CON JI CMC-Comput. Mat. Contin. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA CT4TA UT WOS:000362799000001 ER PT J AU Eckard, CS Pruziner, AL Sanchez, AD Andrews, AM AF Eckard, Carly S. Pruziner, Alison L. Sanchez, Allison D. Andrews, Anne M. TI Metabolic and body composition changes in first year following traumatic amputation SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE amputation; atrophy; body composition; body mass index; DXA; fat mass; metabolism; muscle mass; trauma; unilateral; weight gain ID TRANS-TIBIAL AMPUTEES; LOWER-LIMB AMPUTATION; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; MASS INDEX; MUSCLE ATROPHY; KNEE AMPUTEE; OBESITY; WEIGHT; FAT AB Body composition and metabolism may change considerably after traumatic amputation because of muscle atrophy and an increase in adiposity. The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in weight, body composition, and metabolic rate during the first year following traumatic amputation in military servicemembers. Servicemembers without amputation were included for comparison. Participants were measured within the first 12 wk after amputation (baseline) and at 6, 9, and 12 mo after amputation. Muscle mass, fat mass, weight, and metabolic rate were measured at each time point. There was a significant increase in weight and body mass index in the unilateral group between baseline and all follow-up visits (p < 0.01). Over the 12 mo period, total fat mass and trunk fat mass increased in both unilateral and bilateral groups; however, these changes were not statistically significant over time. Muscle mass increased in both the unilateral and bilateral groups despite percent of lean mass decreasing. No changes in resting metabolism or walking energy expenditure were observed in any group. The results of this study conclude that weight significantly increased because of an increase in both fat mass and muscle mass in the first year following unilateral and bilateral amputation. C1 [Eckard, Carly S.; Sanchez, Allison D.; Andrews, Anne M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Nutr Care Directorate, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Eckard, Carly S.] US Army Hlth Ctr, Vicenza, Italy. [Pruziner, Alison L.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Pruziner, Alison L.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Rehabil, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Pruziner, Alison L.; Andrews, Anne M.] Dept Vet Affairs Extrem Trauma, Dept Def, Washington, DC USA. [Pruziner, Alison L.; Andrews, Anne M.] Amputat Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC USA. [Sanchez, Allison D.] Baylor Univ, Grad Program Nutr, US Mil, San Antonio, TX USA. [Sanchez, Allison D.] William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Ft Bliss, TX USA. [Andrews, Anne M.] Off Surgeon Gen, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Pruziner, AL (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, DOD VA Extrem Trauma & Amputat Ctr Excellence, Amer Bldg Bldg 19,Rm B315,8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM alison.l.pruziner.civ@mail.mil FU Military Amputee Research 15 Program [W81XWH-06-2-0073]; Department of Defense-Department of Veterans Affairs Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence FX This material was based on work supported by the Military Amputee Research 15 Program (W81XWH-06-2-0073) and the Department of Defense-Department of Veterans Affairs Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence (Public Law 110-417, National Defense Authorization Act 2009, Section 723). NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 EI 1938-1352 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2015 VL 52 IS 5 BP 553 EP 562 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2014.02.0044 PG 10 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA CT2HQ UT WOS:000362623000005 PM 26436444 ER PT S AU Molotch, NP Durand, MT Guan, B Margulis, SA Davis, RE AF Molotch, Noah P. Durand, Michael T. Guan, Bin Margulis, Steven A. Davis, Robert E. BE Lakshmi, V Alsdorf, D Anderson, M Biancamaria, S Cosh, M Entin, J Huffman, G Kustas, W VanOevelen, P Painter, T Parajka, J Rodell, M Rudiger, C TI Snow Cover Depletion Curves and Snow Water Equivalent Reconstruction: Six Decades of Hydrologic Remote Sensing Applications SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE TERRESTRIAL WATER CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle CY FEB 19-22, 2012 CL Kona, HI ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MODEL; CATCHMENT; CLIMATE; RUNOFF; AREA; ASSIMILATION; BASINS; TRENDS; ENERGY C1 [Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Durand, Michael T.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Durand, Michael T.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Guan, Bin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Margulis, Steven A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Davis, Robert E.] US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Molotch, NP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009 NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-87208-6; 978-1-118-87203-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 206 BP 159 EP 173 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BD6QR UT WOS:000362499000010 ER PT S AU Semmens, KA Ramage, J Apgar, JD Bennett, KE Liston, GE Deeb, E AF Semmens, Kathryn Alese Ramage, Joan Apgar, Jeremy D. Bennett, Katrina E. Liston, Glen E. Deeb, Elias BE Lakshmi, V Alsdorf, D Anderson, M Biancamaria, S Cosh, M Entin, J Huffman, G Kustas, W VanOevelen, P Painter, T Parajka, J Rodell, M Rudiger, C TI Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Snowmelt and Melt-Refreeze Using Diurnal Amplitude Variations SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE TERRESTRIAL WATER CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle CY FEB 19-22, 2012 CL Kona, HI ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; SOUTHEAST-ALASKAN ICEFIELDS; AMSR-E; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; YUKON-TERRITORY; RIVER-BASIN; ONSET; SNOWPACK; REGIONS; CANADA C1 [Semmens, Kathryn Alese] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Semmens, Kathryn Alese; Ramage, Joan] Lehigh Univ, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Apgar, Jeremy D.] New York New Jersey Trail Conf, Mahwah, NJ USA. [Bennett, Katrina E.] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Bennett, Katrina E.] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Liston, Glen E.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Deeb, Elias] US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, New Hanover, NH USA. RP Semmens, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-87208-6; 978-1-118-87203-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 206 BP 215 EP 226 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BD6QR UT WOS:000362499000013 ER PT J AU Elward, JM Rinderspacher, BC AF Elward, Jennifer M. Rinderspacher, B. Christopher TI Smooth heuristic optimization on a complex chemical subspace SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIGNATURE MOLECULAR DESCRIPTOR; COMPUTATIONAL PROTEIN DESIGN; HYPERPOLARIZABILITIES; POTENTIALS; STATE; IDENTIFICATION; NANOMATERIALS; SPECTROSCOPY; CHROMOPHORES; SPECIFICITY AB Several algorithms for optimizing a combinatorial subspace of chemical compound space with constraints are compared. The test system is a library of organic chromophores for electro-optic applications. The constraints on the optimization include the maximization of the candidate structure hyperpolarizability while keeping the absorption within acceptable limits in the range of 400-700 nm. The best pay-off in terms of primary objective, feasibility and computational cost is achieved using a heuristic reordering of orthogonal search directions. C1 [Elward, Jennifer M.; Rinderspacher, B. Christopher] Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. RP Rinderspacher, BC (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. EM berend.c.rinderspacher.civ@mail.mil NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 37 BP 24322 EP 24335 DI 10.1039/c5cp02177d PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CR7PQ UT WOS:000361543200069 PM 26327506 ER PT J AU Fales, AM Norton, SJ Crawford, BM DeLacy, BG Vo-Dinh, T AF Fales, Andrew M. Norton, Stephen J. Crawford, Bridget M. DeLacy, Brendan G. Vo-Dinh, Tuan TI Fano resonance in a gold nanosphere with a J-aggregate coating SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAL NANOPARTICLES; QUANTUM-DOT; PLASMON; SYSTEMS; AU AB We present a facile method to induce J-aggregate formation on gold nanospheres in colloidal solution using polyvinylsulfate. The nanoparticle J-aggregate complex results in an absorption spectrum with a split lineshape due to plasmon-exciton coupling, i.e. via the formation of upper and lower plexcitonic branches. The use of nanoparticles with different plasmon resonances alters the position of the upper plexcitonic band while the lower band remains at the same wavelength. This splitting is investigated theoretically, and shown analytically to arise from Fano resonance between the plasmon of the gold nanoparticles and exciton of the J-aggregates. A theoretical simulation of a J-aggregate coated and uncoated gold nanosphere produces an absorption spectrum that shows good agreement with the experimentally measured spectra. C1 [Fales, Andrew M.; Norton, Stephen J.; Crawford, Bridget M.; Vo-Dinh, Tuan] Duke Univ, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Fales, Andrew M.; Norton, Stephen J.; Crawford, Bridget M.; Vo-Dinh, Tuan] Duke Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [DeLacy, Brendan G.] US Army Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Vo-Dinh, Tuan] Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Duke Univ, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM tuan.vodinh@duke.edu FU Duke University Faculty Exploratory Project; Army Research Office [W911NF-09-1-0539]; Department of Energy [SC0014077] FX This work was sponsored by the Duke University Faculty Exploratory Project, the Army Research Office (Grant # W911NF-09-1-0539), and the Department of Energy (Grant # SC0014077). NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 38 BP 24931 EP 24936 DI 10.1039/c5cp03277f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CR9SR UT WOS:000361697400041 PM 26344505 ER PT J AU Lazarus, N Meyer, CD Turner, WJ AF Lazarus, N. Meyer, C. D. Turner, W. J. TI A microfluidic wireless power system SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONICS; DESIGN AB Electrical traces made using liquid metal can survive strains of tens or hundreds of percent without damage. Liquid metal is promising for creating the thick cross sections and low resistance necessary for power devices, while maintaining high stretchability. In this article, a stretchable wireless power receiver system is demonstrated featuring a liquid metal circuit board (galinstan traces embedded in silicone) to connect individual discrete components as well as to create the receiver inductor coli. The mechanical effects of embedding parts were also simulated using a numerical solver. The fluidic channels defining the liquid metal traces are built using a silicone molding and bonding process based on 3D printed molds. The system consists of an inductor-capacitor resonant tank, voltage-doubling diode rectifier for AC to DC conversion, and a representative load. Circuit operation was demonstrated up to 80% uniaxial mechanical strain. C1 [Lazarus, N.; Meyer, C. D.] US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Turner, W. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lazarus, N (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM nathan.lazarus2.civ@mail.mil; christopher.d.meyer1.civ@mail.mil; wjturner@ufl.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 96 BP 78695 EP 78700 DI 10.1039/c5ra17479a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CR9KZ UT WOS:000361675800037 ER PT J AU Tarney, C Berry-Caban, C Jain, R Kelly, M Sewell, M Wilson, K AF Tarney, Christopher Berry-Caban, Cristobal Jain, Ram Kelly, Molly Sewell, Mark Wilson, Karen TI Effects of spouse deployment on pregnancy outcomes: a prospective cohort of a military population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Scientific Pregnancy Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine (SMFM) CY FEB 02-07, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med C1 [Tarney, Christopher; Kelly, Molly] Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Residency Obstet & Gynecol, Ft Bragg, NC USA. [Berry-Caban, Cristobal; Jain, Ram] Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Res, Ft Bragg, NC USA. [Sewell, Mark; Wilson, Karen] Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 EI 1097-6868 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 212 IS 1 SU S MA 297 BP S160 EP S160 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CR2FG UT WOS:000361140900298 ER PT J AU Wortman, A Schaefer, S Wilson, K McIntire, D Sheffield, J AF Wortman, Alison Schaefer, Stephanie Wilson, Karen McIntire, Donald Sheffield, Jeanne TI Maternal morbidity associated with placenta previa with and without placental invasion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Scientific Pregnancy Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine (SMFM) CY FEB 02-07, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med C1 [Wortman, Alison; Schaefer, Stephanie; McIntire, Donald; Sheffield, Jeanne] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Obstet & Gynecol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Wilson, Karen] Womack Army Med Ctr, Obstet & Gynecol, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 EI 1097-6868 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 212 IS 1 SU S MA 601 BP S299 EP S299 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CR2FG UT WOS:000361140900596 ER PT J AU Hoppe, J AF Hoppe, Jason TI "So much soul here I do not need a book": Idealization and the Aesthetics of Margaret Fuller's Coterie, 1839-1842 SO ESQ-A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN RENAISSANCE LA English DT Article C1 [Hoppe, Jason] US Mil Acad, Dept English & Philosophy, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Hoppe, Jason] US Mil Acad, West Point Writing Fellows Program, West Point, NY USA. RP Hoppe, J (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept English & Philosophy, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0093-8297 EI 1935-021X J9 ESQ-J AM RENAISSANCE JI ESQ-J. Am. Renaiss. PY 2015 VL 61 IS 3 BP 363 EP 409 PG 47 WC Literature, American SC Literature GA CR1HD UT WOS:000361074600001 ER PT J AU Perkins, MW Wong, B Rodriguez, A Devorak, J Sciuto, AM AF Perkins, Michael W. Wong, Benjamin Rodriguez, Ashley Devorak, Jennifer Sciuto, Alfred M. TI Measurement of various respiratory dynamics parameters following acute inhalational exposure to soman vapor in conscious rats SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Head-out exposure; inhalation exposure; nerve agents; plethysmography; pulmonary function; respiratory toxicology; soman ID NERVE AGENT VX; GUINEA-PIGS; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; LUNG INJURY; ANESTHETIZED RATS; NASAL CAVITY; TOXICITY; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ANIMALS; FAILURE AB Respiratory dynamics were investigated in head-out plethysmography chambers following inhalational exposure to soman in untreated, non-anesthetized rats. A multipass saturator cell was used to generate 520, 560 and 600mg x min/m(3) of soman vapor in a customized inhalational exposure system. Various respiratory dynamic parameters were collected from male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 g) during (20 min) and 24 h (10 min) after inhalational exposure. Signs of CWNA-induced cholinergic crisis were observed in all soman-exposed animals. Percentage body weight loss and lung edema were observed in all soman-exposed animals, with significant increases in both at 24 h following exposure to 600mg x min/m(3). Exposure to soman resulted in increases in respiratory frequency (RF) in animals exposed to 560 and 600 mg x min/m(3) with significant increases following exposure to 560mg x min/m(3) at 24 h. No significant alterations in inspiratory time (IT) or expiratory time (ET) were observed in soman-exposed animals 24 h post-exposure. Prominent increases in tidal volume (TV) and minute volume (MV) were observed at 24 h post-exposure in animals exposed to 600 mg x min/m(3). Peak inspiratory (PIF) and expiratory flow (PEF) followed similar patterns and increased 24 h post-exposure to 600mg x min/m(3) of soman. Results demonstrate that inhalational exposure to 600mg x min/m(3) soman produces notable alterations in various respiratory dynamic parameters at 24 h. The following multitude of physiological changes in respiratory dynamics highlights the need to develop countermeasures that protect against respiratory toxicity and lung injury. C1 [Perkins, Michael W.; Wong, Benjamin; Rodriguez, Ashley; Devorak, Jennifer; Sciuto, Alfred M.] US Army, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Perkins, MW (reprint author), US Army, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM michael.w.perkins1.civ@mail.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Oak Ridge Associated Universities FX The project was supported by Defense Threat Reduction Agency. AR is supported by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities. The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense and all procedures were conducted in accordance with the principles stated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 (P.L. 89-544), as amended. The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 EI 1091-7691 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2015 VL 27 IS 9 BP 432 EP 439 DI 10.3109/08958378.2015.1068890 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA CR4TI UT WOS:000361331500002 PM 26207672 ER PT J AU DelVecchio, SP Collen, JF Zacher, LL Morris, MJ AF DelVecchio, Sally P. Collen, Jacob F. Zacher, Lisa L. Morris, Michael J. TI The impact of combat deployment on asthma diagnosis and severity SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE Asthma; deployment; military personnel; pulmonary function testing ID US MILITARY PERSONNEL; POSTDEPLOYMENT LUNG-DISEASE; DEPARTMENT-OF-DEFENSE; GULF-WAR VETERANS; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; PARTICULATE MATTER; SOUTHWEST ASIA; YOUNG-ADULTS; HEALTH; IRAQ AB Objectives: Environmental exposures during military deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan may lead to higher rates of respiratory complaints and diagnoses. This study investigates whether there is a relationship between rates of asthma diagnosis and severity associated with military deployment. Methods: Retrospective review of active duty Army personnel underwent fitness for duty evaluation (Medical Evaluation Board) for asthma. The electronic medical record was reviewed for onset of diagnosis (pre- or post-deployment), disease severity, screening spirometry, bronchodilator response and bronchoprovocation testing. We compared patients with and without a history of combat deployment to Operations Iraqi Freedom/Enduring Freedom. Results: Four hundred consecutive Army personnel with a clinical diagnosis of asthma were evaluated. Equal numbers of patients had deployed (48.5%) versus never deployed (51.5%). Of those who deployed, 98 (24.5%) were diagnosed post-deployment. The diagnosis of asthma was objectively confirmed in 74.8% of patients by obstructive screening spirometry, bronchodilator response, and/or methacholine challenge testing. There were no significant differences in spirometry between deployers and non-deployers or based on pre- and post-deployment diagnosis. Similarly, asthma severity classification did not differ between deployed and non-deployed service members, or by pre-and post-deployment diagnosis status. Conclusions: Among active duty military personnel with career limiting asthma, there is no significant relationship between rates of diagnosis or severity based on history of deployment to Southwest Asia. C1 [DelVecchio, Sally P.] Womack Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care Serv, Ft Bragg, NC USA. [Collen, Jacob F.; Morris, Michael J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care Serv MCHE MDP, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Zacher, Lisa L.] Orlando Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Med, Orlando, FL USA. [Zacher, Lisa L.] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Med, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Collen, JF (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care Serv MCHE MDP, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM jcollen2002@gmail.com FU Spiriva(R) by Boehringer-Ingelheim FX The opinions in this essay do not constitute endorsement by San Antonio Army Medical Center, the U.S. Army Medical Department, the U.S. Army Office of the Surgeon General, the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government of the information contained therein. Dr. Morris is a paid speaker for Spiriva (R) by Boehringer-Ingelheim. The other authors have no financial interests to disclose. None of the authors have any relevant conflicts of interest to disclose. This study was not supported by any funding or financial sponsorship. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0277-0903 EI 1532-4303 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2015 VL 52 IS 4 BP 363 EP 369 DI 10.3109/02770903.2014.973502 PG 7 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA CR4VT UT WOS:000361338500005 PM 25290816 ER PT J AU Ren, XM Myles, TD Grew, KN Chiu, WKS AF Ren, Xiaoming Myles, Timothy D. Grew, Kyle N. Chiu, Wilson K. S. TI Carbon Dioxide Transport in Nafion 1100 EW Membrane and in a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WATER-UPTAKE; PROTON TRANSPORT; HYDROGEN PERMEATION; EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; CATALYST LAYER; GAS PERMEATION; RECAST NAFION; POLYMER; CROSSOVER; PERFORMANCE AB The CO2 transport in the proton form Nafion membranes (E.W. 1100) under various hydration and temperature conditions were studied by using an IR based CO2 detector to monitor both the transient and steady state CO2 permeate flux through the membranes. A time-lag method was used to extract the CO2 diffusivity and solubility from the CO2 permeation-time curve. It was found that the CO2 diffusivity in a dry membrane is very low, but it increases rapidly with the membrane-hydration level. A high CO2 solubility was observed in dry membranes as compared to those in humidified membranes, for which the CO2 solubility remains nearly invariant to the membrane hydration level at a given temperature. By comparing the measured data with those calculated for the CO2 transport solely in the water channels, it is concluded that the CO2 transport in Nafion membranes is dominated by its transport in the water channels. CO2 and methanol crossovers in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) configuration were also examined. By operating the DMFC configuration in methanol electrolysis mode, one can measure the CO2 crossover rate, which can be used to correct the methanol crossover measurements from measuring CO2 flux in the DMFC cathode effluent stream, and to derive the local CO2 partial pressure at the DMFC anode catalyst layer. (C) 2015 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Ren, Xiaoming; Grew, Kyle N.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Myles, Timothy D.; Chiu, Wilson K. S.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Ren, XM (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM xiaoming.ren.civ@mail.mil NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 10 BP F1221 EP F1230 DI 10.1149/2.0711510jes PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CR7BB UT WOS:000361501800094 ER PT J AU Chang, MH AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung BA Chang, MH BF Chang, MH TI Quantum Stochastics Introduction and Summary SO QUANTUM STOCHASTICS SE Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06919-0 J9 CA ST PR MA PY 2015 BP 1 EP 7 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107706545 PG 7 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BD3FA UT WOS:000359586800002 ER PT J AU Chang, MH AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung BA Chang, MH BF Chang, MH TI Operator Algebras and Topologies SO QUANTUM STOCHASTICS SE Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06919-0 J9 CA ST PR MA PY 2015 BP 8 EP 49 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107706545 PG 42 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BD3FA UT WOS:000359586800003 ER PT J AU Chang, MH AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung BA Chang, MH BF Chang, MH TI Quantum Stochastics Preface SO QUANTUM STOCHASTICS SE Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06919-0 J9 CA ST PR MA PY 2015 BP XI EP + D2 10.1017/CBO9781107706545 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BD3FA UT WOS:000359586800001 ER PT J AU Chang, MH AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung BA Chang, MH BF Chang, MH TI Quantum Probability SO QUANTUM STOCHASTICS SE Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06919-0 J9 CA ST PR MA PY 2015 BP 50 EP 80 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107706545 PG 31 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BD3FA UT WOS:000359586800004 ER PT J AU Chang, MH AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung BA Chang, MH BF Chang, MH TI Quantum Stochastic Calculus SO QUANTUM STOCHASTICS SE Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06919-0 J9 CA ST PR MA PY 2015 BP 81 EP 118 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107706545 PG 38 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BD3FA UT WOS:000359586800005 ER PT J AU Chang, MH AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung BA Chang, MH BF Chang, MH TI Quantum Stochastic Differential Equations SO QUANTUM STOCHASTICS SE Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06919-0 J9 CA ST PR MA PY 2015 BP 119 EP 159 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107706545 PG 41 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BD3FA UT WOS:000359586800006 ER PT J AU Chang, MH AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung BA Chang, MH BF Chang, MH TI Quantum Markov Semigroups SO QUANTUM STOCHASTICS SE Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06919-0 J9 CA ST PR MA PY 2015 BP 160 EP 200 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107706545 PG 41 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BD3FA UT WOS:000359586800007 ER PT J AU Chang, MH AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung BA Chang, MH BF Chang, MH TI Minimal QDS SO QUANTUM STOCHASTICS SE Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06919-0 J9 CA ST PR MA PY 2015 BP 201 EP 223 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107706545 PG 23 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BD3FA UT WOS:000359586800008 ER PT J AU Chang, MH AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung BA Chang, MH BF Chang, MH TI Quantum Markov Processes SO QUANTUM STOCHASTICS SE Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06919-0 J9 CA ST PR MA PY 2015 BP 224 EP 261 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107706545 PG 38 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BD3FA UT WOS:000359586800009 ER PT J AU Chang, MH AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung BA Chang, MH BF Chang, MH TI Strong Quantum Markov Processes SO QUANTUM STOCHASTICS SE Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06919-0 J9 CA ST PR MA PY 2015 BP 262 EP 312 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107706545 PG 51 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BD3FA UT WOS:000359586800010 ER PT J AU Chang, MH AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung BA Chang, MH BF Chang, MH TI Invariant Normal States SO QUANTUM STOCHASTICS SE Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06919-0 J9 CA ST PR MA PY 2015 BP 313 EP 333 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107706545 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BD3FA UT WOS:000359586800011 ER PT J AU Chang, MH AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung BA Chang, MH BF Chang, MH TI Recurrence and Transience SO QUANTUM STOCHASTICS SE Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06919-0 J9 CA ST PR MA PY 2015 BP 334 EP 371 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107706545 PG 38 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BD3FA UT WOS:000359586800012 ER PT J AU Chang, MH AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung BA Chang, MH BF Chang, MH TI Ergodic Theory SO QUANTUM STOCHASTICS SE Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06919-0 J9 CA ST PR MA PY 2015 BP 372 EP 396 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107706545 PG 25 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BD3FA UT WOS:000359586800013 ER PT S AU MacCalman, A Kwak, H McDonald, M Upton, S AF MacCalman, Alex Kwak, Hyangshim McDonald, Mary Upton, Stephen BE Wade, J Cloutier, R TI Capturing experimental design insights in support of the model-based system engineering approach SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Systems Engineering Research CY MAR 17-19, 2015 CL Hoboken, NJ DE Model Based Systems Engineering; Design of Experiments; Engineered Resilient System; SysML AB Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) continues to mature into a popular approach as systems become more complex. Integrating MBSE architectural diagrams with external simulations that model a variety of different domains allows designers to perform sophisticated engineering design and analysis. To better understand how these external models support design decisions, we can leverage the statistical methods of design of experiments to identify insights into a complex system design problem. These insights include identifying the most important design parameters, the nature of their behaviour, their synergies between them, their diminishing or increasing rates of change, and thresholds that achieve a desired level of effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to propose a MBSE methodology that captures the insights identified during an experimental design study within the integrated system model while applying the MBSE approach. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [MacCalman, Alex; Kwak, Hyangshim] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. [McDonald, Mary; Upton, Stephen] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP MacCalman, A (reprint author), US Mil Acad, 752 Mahan Hall, West Point, NY USA. EM alexander.maccalman@usma.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2015 VL 44 BP 315 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2015.03.030 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4JE UT WOS:000360836300032 ER PT S AU Sitterle, VB Freeman, DF Goerger, SR Ender, TR AF Sitterle, Valerie B. Freeman, Dane F. Goerger, Simon R. Ender, Tommer R. BE Wade, J Cloutier, R TI Systems Engineering Resiliency: Guiding Tradespace Exploration within an Engineered Resilient Systems Context SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Systems Engineering Research CY MAR 17-19, 2015 CL Hoboken, NJ DE Resiliency; Tradespace Exploration; Analysis of Alternatives; Engineered Resilient Systems; Robustness; Flexibility ID FLEXIBILITY AB Engineered Resilient Systems (ERS) is a Department of Defense (DoD) program focusing on the effective and efficient design and development of complex engineered systems across their lifecycle. An important area of focus is the evaluation of early-stage design alternatives in terms of their modeled operational performance and characteristics. This work strives to lay the initial foundations for systems engineering the analysis of resiliency in this context through the development of modular, composable, and scalable analytical constructs and processes. The analytical methods are derived from existing ontological bases, and seek to promote consistency and comparability from one analysis to the next. Specifically, analytical methods in this work focus on evaluating 'Robustness of fielded system capabilities and capacity with respect to operational requirements' and 'Flexibility of a designed system to engineering change'. The development philosophy strives to enable design and development of resiliency analyses that are transparent, intuitive, rational, and quantifiably traceable. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sitterle, Valerie B.; Freeman, Dane F.; Ender, Tommer R.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Goerger, Simon R.] US Army, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Sitterle, VB (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, 400 Tenth St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM Valerie.Sitterle@gtri.gatech.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2015 VL 44 BP 649 EP 658 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2015.03.013 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4JE UT WOS:000360836300065 ER PT J AU Grinfeld, M Grinfeld, P AF Grinfeld, Michael Grinfeld, Pavel TI A Variational Approach to Electrostatics of Polarizable Heterogeneous Substances SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We discuss equilibrium conditions for heterogeneous substances subject to electrostatic or magnetostatic effects. We demonstrate that the force-like aleph tensor N-ij and the energy-like beth tensor beth(ij) for polarizable deformable substances are divergence-free: del N-i(ij) = 0 and del(i)beth(ij)=0. We introduce two additional tensors: the divergence-free energy-like gimel tensor beth(ij) for rigid dielectrics and the general electrostatic gamma tensor Gamma(ij) which is not divergence-free. Our approach is based on a logically consistent extension of the Gibbs energy principle that takes into account polarization effects. While the model is mathematically rigorous, we caution against the assumption that it can reliably predict physical phenomena. On the contrary, clear models often lead to conclusions that are at odds with experiment and therefore should be treated as physical paradoxes that deserve the attention of the scientific community. C1 [Grinfeld, Michael] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. [Grinfeld, Pavel] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Grinfeld, M (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. EM michael.greenfield4.civ@mail.mil NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9120 EI 1687-9139 J9 ADV MATH PHYS JI Adv. Math. Phys. PY 2015 AR 659127 DI 10.1155/2015/659127 PG 7 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA CR3IL UT WOS:000361225500001 ER PT J AU Ward, L Page, M Jurevis, J Nelson, A Rivera, M Hernandez, M Chappell, M Dusenbury, J AF Ward, Laura Page, Martin Jurevis, John Nelson, Andrew Rivera, Melixa Hernandez, Margaret Chappell, Mark Dusenbury, James TI Assessment of biologically active GAC and complementary technologies for gray water treatment SO JOURNAL OF WATER REUSE AND DESALINATION LA English DT Article DE biofiltration; gray water; water reclamation; water reuse ID GREY WATER; MEMBRANE FILTRATION; GREYWATER TREATMENT; MICROBIAL QUALITY; REUSE; PRETREATMENT; GRAYWATER AB The reuse of gray water for applications ranging from irrigation to showering is a viable means to reduce net water demand when water supplies are stressed. The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment of gray water using biologically active granular-activated carbon (GAC) and complementary technologies. Technologies were challenged individually or in combination using a synthetic gray water formulation based on NSF/ANSI Standard 350. Specific technologies included: GAC; biologically active GAC (BAC); a newly developed intermittently operated BAC (IOBAC) process; ion exchange (IX); coagulation with a cationic polymer; microfiltration; ultrafiltration (UF); and multibarrier combinations thereof. For control of organic contaminants such as surfactants, BAC and IOBAC performed well over test periods as long as 6 months. Combinations of IOBAC treatment with coagulation pretreatment and UF post-treatment resulted in sustained chemical oxidant demand and turbidity value reductions in excess of 90 and 99.5%, respectively. Such an approach would be useful for gray water treatment for low tier applications like irrigation or toilet flushing, or as a pretreatment system upstream of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and/or advanced oxidation processes for high tier reuse applications such as showering. C1 [Ward, Laura; Page, Martin; Jurevis, John; Nelson, Andrew; Rivera, Melixa; Hernandez, Margaret] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. [Chappell, Mark] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Ward, Laura] Army Coll Qualified Leaders Program, Adelphi, MD USA. [Hernandez, Margaret] Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Dusenbury, James] US Army Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48092 USA. [Jurevis, John] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Page, M (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. EM martin.a.page@usace.army.mil NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 22 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 2220-1319 J9 J WATER REUSE DESAL JI J. Water Reuse Desalin. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 3 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.2166/wrd.2015.088 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA CR0CK UT WOS:000360985600001 ER PT B AU Salamone, SM Aghajanian, MK Horner, SE Zheng, JQ AF Salamone, S. M. Aghajanian, M. K. Horner, S. E. Zheng, J. Q. BE Singh, D Salem, J TI EFFECT OF SiC:B4C RATIO ON THE PROPERTIES OF Si-Cu/SiC/B4C COMPOSITES SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES IX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) CY JAN 26-31, 2014 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SILICON-CARBIDE; GRAIN-SIZE; RBSC AB A series of Si-(Cu)/SiC/B4C composites with varying SiC:B4C ratios were fabricated using the reaction bonding technique with an alloyed melt infiltration containing 10 wt% copper. Changing the SiC:B4C ratio can have a dramatic effect because of the density difference between SiC (3.21 g/cm(3)) and B4C (2.52 g/cm(3)). This property becomes important in lightweight, high stiffness applications. The addition of copper is interesting because of its high corrosion resistance and high conductivity as well as the low processing temperature. The composites were characterized using microstructural imaging, physical properties and mechanical behavior. The influence of copper additions and compositional changes on density, Young's modulus, hardness and strength are discussed. A comparison to standard Si/SiC reaction bonded materials is also presented. C1 [Salamone, S. M.; Aghajanian, M. K.] M Cubed Technol, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Horner, S. E.; Zheng, J. Q.] US Army, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Salamone, SM (reprint author), M Cubed Technol, 1 Tralee Ind Pk, Newark, DE 19711 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 978-1-119-03119-2; 978-1-119-03118-5 PY 2015 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BD4SI UT WOS:000361040200009 ER PT J AU Murdough, RE AF Murdough, Robert E. TI BARRACKS, DORMITORIES, AND CAPITOL HILL: FINDING JUSTICE IN THE DIVERGENT POLITICS OF MILITARY AND COLLEGE SEXUAL ASSAULT SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article AB And for those who are in uniform who have experienced sexual assault, I want them to hear directly from their Commander-In-Chief that I've got their backs. I will support them. And we're not going to tolerate this stuff and there will be accountability. If people have engaged in this behavior, they should be prosecuted. -President Barack Obama(1) This is on all of us, every one of us, to fight campus sexual assault. You are not alone, and we have your back, and. we are going to organize campus by campus, city by city, state by state. This entire country is going to make sure that we understand what this is about, and that we're going to put a stop to it. -President Barack Obama(2) C1 US Army, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Murdough, RE (reprint author), US Army, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. NR 162 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PY 2015 VL 223 IS 2 BP 233 EP 311 PG 79 WC Law SC Government & Law GA CR1LC UT WOS:000361085300001 ER PT J AU Wilkerson, M AF Wilkerson, Malcolm TI OPEN-ENDED PHARMACEUTICAL ALIBI: THE ARMY'S QUEST TO LIMIT THE DURATION OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES FOR SOLDIERS SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MILITARY AB [R] evising, updating or drafting policy that will affect more than 700,000 Soldiers must be thoroughly vetted to prevent unintended consequences. . . .(1) C1 US Army, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Wilkerson, M (reprint author), US Army, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PY 2015 VL 223 IS 2 BP 343 EP 395 PG 53 WC Law SC Government & Law GA CR1LC UT WOS:000361085300003 ER PT J AU Hernandez, MSM AF Hernandez, Stephen M. TI A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF BULLYING AND HAZING IN THE MILITARY SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION; WORKPLACE AB The fellows have talked terribly to me ever since the fight, for they say that I dropped out because I did not want to fight, and not because I was knocked out. I think they just wanted to kill me, if possible or come as near it as possible. There is no use of talking. The fellows here are brutes, and they have evil in their minds - Oscar L. Booz, 7 August 1898.(1) I get treated like shit... the NCOs make fun of me all day... they fuck me over all day... (2) but I get the shit smoked out of me cuz of stupid shit they do... or make me do, anyways being Chen and Chinese in this platoon is a no go... - Danny Chen, 27 September 2011(3) C1 US Army, Arlington, VA 22204 USA. RP Hernandez, MSM (reprint author), US Army, Arlington, VA 22204 USA. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PY 2015 VL 223 IS 2 BP 415 EP 439 PG 25 WC Law SC Government & Law GA CR1LC UT WOS:000361085300005 ER PT B AU Vargas-Gonzalez, L Rodriguez-Santiago, V Bujanda, AA AF Vargas-Gonzalez, Lionel Rodriguez-Santiago, Victor Bujanda, Andres A. BE LaSalvia, JC TI SURFACE MODIFICATION OF BALLISTIC CERAMIC AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS BY USE OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLASMA SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC ARMOR X LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) CY JAN 26-31, 2014 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div ID POLYETHYLENE FIBERS; POLYMERS; DISCHARGE; ADHESION; STRENGTH; RESIN AB This work aimed to explore the potential benefit for atmospheric pressure plasma as a surface treatment method for the improvement of adhesion between ceramic/polymer structures, enhancing the durability of systems utilizing these materials, such as armor for soldier protection. SiC-N, a silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic, and Honeywell Spectra Shield II SR-3136, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite were characterized before and after exposure to He-O-2 dielectric barrier discharge. Surface wetting and affinity to bonding with urethane-based adhesives increased significantly from the new surface chemistry of both materials. The higher affinity is attributed to the increase in surface oxygen containing molecules, as SiOx compounds on the SiC-N ceramic and oxygen-containing polar groups (carboxyl, carbonyl, and hydroxyl) on the SR-3136 composite. A portion of the increase in bonding affinity of the SR-3136 composite is due to surface morphology modification (resulting from the preferential etching of the polyurethane-based composite matrix over the UHMWPE fiber). SiC-N surfaces exhibited similar surface roughness values to the control sample after treatment, eliminating ceramic strength reductions indicative of other abrasive ceramic surface treatments (grit blasting, laser ablation). Adhesive bond strength of the treated materials improved significantly to the non-treated materials. A ballistic experiment of a treated system exhibited modest, yet significant improvement of the armor system's penetration resistance. These results suggest that atmospheric plasma treatment is a viable, cost effective treatment for the improvement of adhesion and bonding durability between composite and ceramic materials. C1 [Vargas-Gonzalez, Lionel; Rodriguez-Santiago, Victor; Bujanda, Andres A.] US Army Res Lab, Mat Mfg Sci Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Vargas-Gonzalez, L (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Mat Mfg Sci Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 9 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 978-1-119-04059-0; 978-1-119-04043-9 PY 2015 BP 23 EP 35 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BD4EU UT WOS:000360566700003 ER PT B AU Behler, KD Hutchinson, AZ LaSalvia, JC AF Behler, K. D. Hutchinson, A. Z., III LaSalvia, J. C. BE LaSalvia, JC TI THE EFFECT OF SiO2 AND B2O3 ADDITIVES ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS OF HOT-PRESSED BORON CARBIDE SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC ARMOR X LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) CY JAN 26-31, 2014 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div ID SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMICS; PHASE; TOUGHNESS; STRENGTH AB Boron carbide (B4.3C) is an attractive material for armor applications due to its low density and high hardness. Unfortunately, because of its atomic bonding, crystal structure, and microstructure, B4.3C is not only very brittle, but also has been shown to be susceptible to stress-induced solid-state amorphization (SSA) and shear localization. Low fracture resistance, stress-induced SSA, shear localization, and perhaps melting are believed to be responsible for B4.3C's loss in shear strength above its Hugoniot Elastic Limit and its poor performance against certain ballistic threats. Consequently, there is strong interest in improving B4.3C's resistances to fracture and shear localization. Limited work on other armor ceramics has shown that those with engineered grain boundaries not only possess higher fracture toughness values, but are also resistant to shear localization. In this investigation, initial attempts to engineer the grain boundaries of B4.3C are reported. Precursors for SiO2 and B2O3 were added to B4.3C powders and ultrasonically mixed. The SiO2/B2O3 ratio was varied and the total additive content was chosen to be 5 v/v.%. The resulting powders were consolidated by hot-pressing under vacuum. The effect of the additives on the resulting densities, phases, microstructures were investigated. Experimental procedures and results will be presented. C1 [Behler, K. D.; Hutchinson, A. Z., III; LaSalvia, J. C.] US Army Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Mat & Mfg Sci Div, Ceram & Transparent Armor Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Behler, K. D.] Bowhead Sci & Technol LLC, Bowhead Sci & Technol, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. [Hutchinson, A. Z., III] ORISE ORAU, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. RP Behler, KD (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Mat & Mfg Sci Div, Ceram & Transparent Armor Branch, Bldg 4600 Deer Creek Loop, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM kristopher.d.behler.ctr@mail.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 978-1-119-04059-0; 978-1-119-04043-9 PY 2015 BP 111 EP 118 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BD4EU UT WOS:000360566700010 ER PT J AU Istomina, L Heygster, G Huntemann, M Schwarz, P Birnbaum, G Scharien, R Polashenski, C Perovich, D Zege, E Malinka, A Prikhach, A Katsev, I AF Istomina, L. Heygster, G. Huntemann, M. Schwarz, P. Birnbaum, G. Scharien, R. Polashenski, C. Perovich, D. Zege, E. Malinka, A. Prikhach, A. Katsev, I. TI Melt pond fraction and spectral sea ice albedo retrieval from MERIS data - Part 1: Validation against in situ, aerial, and ship cruise data SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE-SCATTERING; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER AB The presence of melt ponds on the Arctic sea ice strongly affects the energy balance of the Arctic Ocean in summer. It affects albedo as well as transmittance through the sea ice, which has consequences for the heat balance and mass balance of sea ice. An algorithm to retrieve melt pond fraction and sea ice albedo from Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) data is validated against aerial, shipborne and in situ campaign data. The results show the best correlation for lanclfast and multiyear ice of high ice concentrations. For broadband albedo, R-2 is equal to 0.85, with the RMS (root mean square) being equal to 0.068; for the melt pond fraction, R-2 is equal to 0.36, with the RMS being equal to 0.065. The correlation for lower ice concentrations, subpixel ice floes, blue ice and wet ice is lower due to ice drift and challenging for the retrieval surface conditions. Combining all aerial observations gives a mean albedo RMS of 0.089 and a mean melt pond fraction RMS of 0.22. The in situ melt pond fraction correlation is R-2 = 0.52 with an RMS = 0.14. Ship cruise data might be affected by documentation of varying accuracy within the Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate (ASPeCt) protocol, which may contribute to the discrepancy between the satellite value and the observed value: mean R-2 = 0.044, mean RMS = 0.16. An additional dynamic spatial cloud filter for MERIS over snow and ice has been developed to assist with the validation on swath data. C1 [Istomina, L.; Heygster, G.; Huntemann, M.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Schwarz, P.] Univ Trier, Dept Environm Meteorol, Trier, Germany. [Birnbaum, G.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Scharien, R.] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Polashenski, C.; Perovich, D.] US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Zege, E.; Malinka, A.; Prikhach, A.; Katsev, I.] Natl Acad Sci Belarus, BI Stepanov Phys Inst, Minsk, Byelarus. RP Istomina, L (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM lora@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de FU Centre for Earth Observation Science at the University of Manitoba; Polar Continental Shelf Project; EU project SIDARUS FX The authors express gratitude to Stefan Hendricks for providing photos of the hourly bridge observations of the TransArc 2011 cruise, to Daniel Steinhage for providing photos taken with a downward-looking camera during the aircraft campaign NOGRAM-2 2011, to the C-ICE 2002 participants, J. Yackel and the Cryosphere Climate Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Calgary. The Centre for Earth Observation Science at the University of Manitoba and the Polar Continental Shelf Project are gratefully recognized for their logistic and financial support.; This work has been funded as a part of EU project SIDARUS. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2015 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1551 EP 1566 DI 10.5194/tc-9-1551-2015 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CQ5QY UT WOS:000360661700015 ER PT B AU Allen, JB AF Allen, J. B. BE Kriven, WM Zhu, D IlMoon, K Hwang, T Wang, J Lewinsohn, C Zhou, Y TI SIMULATIONS OF ANISOTROPIC GRAIN GROWTH SUBJECT TO THERMAL GRADIENTS USING Q-STATE MONTE CARLO SO DEVELOPMENTS IN STRATEGIC MATERIALS AND COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) CY JAN 26-31, 2014 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; BOUNDARY MOBILITY; POTTS-MODEL; MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; COATINGS; KINETICS; PHASE AB The Q-state Monte Carlo, Potts model is used to investigate 2D, anisotropic, grain growth of single-phase materials subject to temperature gradients. Anisotropy is simulated via the use of non-uniform grain boundary surface energies, and thermal gradients are simulated through the use of variable grain boundary mobilities. Hexagonal grain elements are employed, and elliptical Wulff plots are used to assign surface energies to grain lattices. The mobility is set to vary in accordance with solutions to a generalized heat equation and is solved for two separate values of the mobility coefficient. Among other findings, the results reveal that like isotropic grain growth, under the influence of a thermal gradient, anisotropic grain growth also demonstrates locally normal growth kinetics. C1 US Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Allen, JB (reprint author), US Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 978-1-119-04029-3; 978-1-119-04028-6 PY 2015 BP 289 EP 302 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BD4ER UT WOS:000360563300026 ER PT J AU Mens, MJP Gilroy, K Williams, D AF Mens, M. J. P. Gilroy, K. Williams, D. TI Developing system robustness analysis for drought risk management: an application on a water supply reservoir SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RESILIENCE; RIVER AB Droughts will likely become more frequent, greater in magnitude and longer in duration in the future due to climate change. Already in the present climate, a variety of drought events may occur with different exceedance frequencies. These frequencies are becoming more uncertain due to climate change. Many methods in support of drought risk management focus on providing insight into changing drought frequencies, and use water supply reliability as a key decision criterion. In contrast, robustness analysis focuses on providing insight into the full range of drought events and their impact on a system's functionality. This method has been developed for flood risk systems, but applications on drought risk systems are lacking. This paper aims to develop robustness analysis for drought risk systems, and illustrates the approach through a case study with a water supply reservoir and its users. We explore drought characterization and the assessment of a system's ability to deal with drought events, by quantifying the severity and socioeconomic impact of a variety of drought events, both frequent and rare ones. Furthermore, we show the effect of three common drought management strategies (increasing supply, reducing demand and implementing hedging rules) on the robustness of the coupled water supply and socio-economic system. The case is inspired by Oologah Lake, a multipurpose reservoir in Oklahoma, United States. Results demonstrate that although demand reduction and supply increase may have a comparable effect on the supply reliability, demand reduction may be preferred from a robustness perspective. To prepare drought management plans for dealing with current and future droughts, it is thus recommended to test how alternative drought strategies contribute to a system's robustness rather than relying solely on water reliability as the decision criterion. C1 [Mens, M. J. P.] Deltares, Dept Flood & Drought Risk Anal, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Mens, M. J. P.] Univ Twente, Twente Water Ctr, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Gilroy, K.] US Army Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. [Williams, D.] US Army Corps Engineers, Tulsa Dist Off, Tulsa, OK 74128 USA. RP Mens, MJP (reprint author), Deltares, Dept Flood & Drought Risk Anal, POB 17, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. EM marjolein.mens@deltares.nl FU US Army Corps of Engineers (Institute for Water Resources and Tulsa District); Netherlands Knowledge for Climate program FX Thanks are due to the US Army Corps of Engineers (Institute for Water Resources and Tulsa District) for their support in carrying out the research reported in this paper. The work was partially funded by the Netherlands Knowledge for Climate program. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1933 EP 1940 DI 10.5194/nhess-15-1933-2015 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CQ5OJ UT WOS:000360654600018 ER PT J AU Ahnoff, M Cazares, LH Skold, K AF Ahnoff, Martin Cazares, Lisa H. Skold, Karl TI Thermal inactivation of enzymes and pathogens in biosamples for MS analysis SO BIOANALYSIS LA English DT Review ID IMAGING MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BLOOD SPOT SAMPLES; HEAT STABILIZATION; ENDOGENOUS PROTEINS; VIRUS INACTIVATION; AVIAN INFLUENZA; TISSUE-SECTIONS; PROTEOMICS; STABILITY; FIXATION AB Protein denaturation is the common basis for enzyme inactivation and inactivation of pathogens, necessary for preservation and safe handling of biosamples for downstream analysis. While heat-stabilization technology has been used in proteomic and peptidomic research since its introduction in 2009, the advantages of using the technique for simultaneous pathogen inactivation have only recently been addressed. The time required for enzyme inactivation by heat (approximate to 1 min) is short compared with chemical treatments, and inactivation is irreversible in contrast to freezing. Heat stabilization thus facilitates mass spectrometric studies of biomolecules with a fast conversion rate, and expands the chemical space of potential biomarkers to include more short-lived entities, such as phosphorylated proteins, in tissue samples as well as whole-blood (dried blood sample) samples. C1 [Ahnoff, Martin] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem Mol Biol, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Ahnoff, Martin; Skold, Karl] Denator AB, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Cazares, Lisa H.] US Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Mol & Translat Sci, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Cazares, Lisa H.] US Army Med Res & Mat Command, DoD Biotechnol High Performance Comp Software App, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Skold, Karl] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci Canc Pharmacol & Computat Med, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Ahnoff, M (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem Mol Biol, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM martin.ahnoff@chem.gu.se NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU FUTURE SCI LTD PI LONDON PA UNITED HOUSE, 2 ALBERT PL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1757-6180 EI 1757-6199 J9 BIOANALYSIS JI Bioanalysis PY 2015 VL 7 IS 15 BP 1885 EP 1899 DI 10.4155/bio.15.122 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CQ0OQ UT WOS:000360296400007 PM 26295989 ER PT S AU Ray, T AF Ray, Thomas BE Fellman, PV BarYam, Y Minai, AA TI Net-Centric Logistics: Complex Systems Science Aims at Moving Targets SO CONFLICT AND COMPLEXITY: COUNTERING TERRORISM, INSURGENCY, ETHNIC AND REGIONAL VIOLENCE SE Understanding Complex Systems Springer Complexity LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ray, Thomas] US Army, Washington, DC USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-0832 BN 978-1-4939-1705-1; 978-1-4939-1704-4 J9 UNDERST COMPLEX SYST PY 2015 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-1705-1_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-1705-1 PG 10 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD0KM UT WOS:000357284900008 ER PT J AU Winters, KE Matusovich, HM AF Winters, Katherine E. Matusovich, Holly M. TI Career Goals and Actions of Early Career Engineering Graduates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE career choice; SCCT; engineering graduates ID SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY; WORKPLACE; GENDER; WORK; STUDENTS; CHOICE; FAMILY; WOMEN; SATISFACTION; INDIVIDUALS AB A key component of undergraduate engineering education is preparing future engineers for the workplace. In order to help new graduates prepare for and successfully transition to the workplace, we must understand the experiences of these early career engineers. In this study, we identify and explain the career goals and actions of early career engineering graduates by answering the following questions: (1) How consistent are early career engineering graduates' career goals near the end of their undergraduate engineering studies with their future career plans? (2) What factors contribute to consistency in goals between these two points in time? Using Social Cognitive Career Theory, specifically the Social Cognitive Model of Career Self-Management, and a longitudinal, qualitative design, we analyzed interviews from 30 participants collected at two points in time: when participants were undergraduates and then later as early career engineering graduates. Participants were graduates from three different universities and were diverse with respect to sex, race, and undergraduate major. Results show that although early career engineering graduates had diverse goals, similar factors influenced career decisions. Participants generally wanted to find interesting work and focused their actions towards that goal. Family commitments geographically constrained career choices while also increasing the desire for stability. The economic downturn impacted job availability for many participants, and women were more likely than men to be in categories reflecting changes in career goals and/or pathways to original goals. C1 [Winters, Katherine E.] US Army, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Matusovich, Holly M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Educ, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Winters, KE (reprint author), US Army, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM katherine.e.winters@usace.army.mil; matushm@vt.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF-DUE-1022644, 1021893, 1022090, 1020678, 1022024] FX The authors wish to thank the entire EPS research team as well as the study participants. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as a collaborative research grant (NSF-DUE-1022644, 1021893, 1022090, 1020678, and 1022024). Tina Loucks-Jaret, Petals to Protons Technical Writing and Editing, provided comprehensive editing services during the development of this manuscript. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 14 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2015 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1226 EP 1238 PG 13 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA CP8QI UT WOS:000360158800007 ER PT S AU Buki, A Kovacs, N Czeiter, E Schmid, K Berger, RP Kobeissy, F Italiano, D Hayes, RL Tortella, FC Mezosi, E Schwarcz, A Toth, A Nemes, O Mondello, S AF Buki, Andras Kovacs, Noemi Czeiter, Endre Schmid, Kara Berger, Rachel P. Kobeissy, Firas Italiano, Domenico Hayes, Ronald L. Tortella, Frank C. Mezosi, Emese Schwarcz, Attila Toth, Arnold Nemes, Orsolya Mondello, Stefania BE Schramm, J TI Minor and Repetitive Head Injury SO ADVANCES AND TECHNICAL STANDARDS IN NEUROSURGERY, VOL 42 SE Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; NEURON-SPECIFIC ENOLASE; POST-CONCUSSION SYMPTOMS; SPORT-RELATED CONCUSSION; OPERATION-ENDURING-FREEDOM; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; C-TERMINAL HYDROLASE; SERUM-LEVELS; PITUITARY DYSFUNCTION; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY C1 [Buki, Andras; Czeiter, Endre; Schwarcz, Attila] MTA PTE Clin Neurosci MR Res Grp, Pecs, Hungary. [Buki, Andras; Kovacs, Noemi; Czeiter, Endre; Schwarcz, Attila] Univ Pecs, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Pecs, Hungary. [Czeiter, Endre] Univ Pecs, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Pecs, Hungary. [Czeiter, Endre] Univ Pecs, Janos Szentagothai Res Ctr, Pecs, Hungary. [Schmid, Kara; Tortella, Frank C.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Appl Neurobiol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Berger, Rachel P.] UPMC, Safar Ctr Resuscitat Res, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA. [Kobeissy, Firas] Univ Florida, Dept Psychiat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Italiano, Domenico] Univ Messina, Dept Clin & Expt Med & Pharmacol, I-98125 Messina, Italy. [Hayes, Ronald L.] Banyan Biomarkers Inc, Dept Clin Programs, Alachua, FL 32615 USA. [Mezosi, Emese; Nemes, Orsolya] Univ Pecs, Sch Med, Dept Med 1, Div Endocrinol, Pecs, Hungary. [Toth, Arnold] Univ Pecs, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Pecs, Hungary. [Mondello, Stefania] Univ Messina, Dept Neurosci, I-98125 Messina, Italy. RP Buki, A (reprint author), MTA PTE Clin Neurosci MR Res Grp, Pecs, Hungary. EM 2saturn@gmail.com RI kobeissy, firas/E-7042-2017; OI kobeissy, firas/0000-0002-5008-6944; Mondello, Stefania/0000-0002-8587-3614 NR 162 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0095-4829 BN 978-3-319-09066-5; 978-3-319-09065-8 J9 ADV TECH STAND NEURO PY 2015 VL 42 BP 147 EP 192 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-09066-5_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-09066-5 PG 46 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA BD0YM UT WOS:000357856300008 PM 25411149 ER PT B AU Schnebele, E Oxendine, C Cervone, G Ferreira, CM Waters, N AF Schnebele, Emily Oxendine, Christopher Cervone, Guido Ferreira, Celso M. Waters, Nigel BE Helbich, M Arsanjani, JJ Leitner, M TI Using Non-authoritative Sources During Emergencies in Urban Areas SO COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENTS SE Geotechnologies and the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Infrastructure assessment; Evacuation; Remote sensing; Inundation modeling; Social media; Geospatial analysis; Big data ID HURRICANE SURGE; SOCIAL MEDIA; MODEL; COASTAL; OCEAN; DISASTER; WAVES AB During emergencies in urban areas, it is paramount to assess damage to people, property, and environment in order to coordinate relief operations and evacuations. Remote sensing has become the de facto standard for observing the Earth and its environment through the use of air-, space-, and ground-based sensors. These sensors collect massive amounts of dynamic and geographically distributed spatiotemporal data daily and are often used for disaster assessment, relief, and mitigation. However, despite the quantity of big data available, gaps are often present due to the specific limitations of the instruments or their carrier platforms. This chapter presents a novel approach to filling these gaps by using non-authoritative data including social media, news, tweets, and mobile phone data. Specifically, two applications are presented for transportation infrastructure assessment and emergency evacuation. C1 [Schnebele, Emily; Cervone, Guido; Waters, Nigel] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, GeoInformat & Earth Observat Lab GEO, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schnebele, Emily; Cervone, Guido; Waters, Nigel] Penn State Univ, Inst CyberSci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Oxendine, Christopher] US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Cervone, Guido] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ferreira, Celso M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Civil & Environm & Infrastruct Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Waters, Nigel] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Schnebele, E (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, GeoInformat & Earth Observat Lab GEO, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM eschnebe@gmu.edu; christopher.oxendine@usma.edu; cervone@ucar.edu; cferrei3@gmu.edu; nwaters@gmu.edu OI Cervone, Guido/0000-0002-6509-0735 NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-319-11469-9; 978-3-319-11468-2 J9 GEOTECH ENVIRON PY 2015 VL 13 BP 337 EP 361 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-11469-9_14 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-11469-9 PG 25 WC Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA BD0OS UT WOS:000357510900015 ER PT S AU Enck, RW Woodward, N Gallinat, C Metcalfe, G Sampath, AV Shen, H Wraback, M AF Enck, Ryan W. Woodward, N. Gallinat, C. Metcalfe, G. Sampath, A. V. Shen, H. Wraback, M. BE Wetzel, C Ryou, JH Manfra, M TI Plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy of strain-compensated a-plane InGaN/AlGaN superlattices SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 12, NO 4-5 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Growth of III-Nitrides (ISGN) CY MAY 18-22, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA DE MBE; superlattice; a-plane; InGaN; AlGaN ID FILMS AB Strain-compensated InGaN/AlGaN structures can enable the growth of thick layers of InGaN epitaxial films far beyond the critical thickness for InGaN grown pseudo-morphically to GaN. In this paper, we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of high-quality strain-compensated a-plane In0.12Ga0.88N/Al0.19Ga0.81N superlattices up to 5 times thicker than the critical thickness on free-standing a-plane GaN substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE). The superlattices consist of 50 to 200 periods of 10 nm thick In0.12Ga0.88N and 6 nm thick Al0.19Ga0.81N layers. The structures are characterized using a double crystal X-ray diffractometer, asymmetric reciprocal space mapping, and atomic force microscopy. We use X-ray diffraction to determine the strain, composition, degree of relaxation, and superlattice period of our samples. The structural characteristics of periodic structures containing from 50 to 200 periods are compared to single layer, uncompensated In0.12Ga0.88N films. A 100 period structure exhibited only 15% relaxation compared to 69% relaxation for the bulk In0.12Ga0.88N film grown with the same total InGaN thickness but without strain-compensating layers. (c) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Enck, Ryan W.; Woodward, N.; Gallinat, C.; Metcalfe, G.; Sampath, A. V.; Shen, H.; Wraback, M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Enck, RW (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ryan.w.enck.civ@mail.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2015 VL 12 IS 4-5 BP 434 EP 438 DI 10.1002/pssc.201400208 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BD3TX UT WOS:000360150100024 ER PT J AU Stewart, AK AF Stewart, Alexander K. TI Geological-reasoning training as preparation for the "thinking warfighter" in the next-generation military SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article ID SCIENCE C1 [Stewart, Alexander K.] US Army, Washington, DC USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CALGARY PRESS PI CALGARY PA 2500 UNIVERSITY DR NW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 1488-559X J9 J MIL STRATEG STUD JI J. Mil. Strateg. Stud. PY 2015 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA CP6GQ UT WOS:000359984100001 ER PT J AU Ben Zweibelson AF Ben Zweibelson TI An Awkward Tango: Pairing Traditional Military Planning to Design and Why It Currently Fails to Work SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article C1 US Army, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Ben Zweibelson (reprint author), US Army, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CALGARY PRESS PI CALGARY PA 2500 UNIVERSITY DR NW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 1488-559X J9 J MIL STRATEG STUD JI J. Mil. Strateg. Stud. PY 2015 VL 16 IS 1 BP 11 EP 41 PG 31 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA CP6GQ UT WOS:000359984100002 ER PT S AU Stallings, JD Ippolito, DL AF Stallings, Jonathan D. Ippolito, Danielle L. BE Southern, SO RodriguezChavez, IR Gartner, C Stallings, JD TI A systems biology approach to heat stress, heat injury and heat stroke SO ADVANCES IN GLOBAL HEALTH THROUGH SENSING TECHNOLOGIES 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Global Health through Sensing Technologies CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Heat stress; Transcriptomics; Proteomics; Systems biology; Protein aggregation; Metabolomics; Energetics; Computational modeling ID PROTEIN AGGREGATION RATES; GENE-EXPRESSION; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; IN-SILICO; PREDICTION; METABOLISM; PROTEOSTASIS; CONTRACTION; MECHANISMS AB Heat illness is a major source of injury for military populations in both deployed and training settings. Developing tools to help leaders enhance unit performance while reducing the risk of injury is of paramount importance to the military. Here, we review our recent systems biology approaches to heat stress in order to develop a 3-dimensional (3D) realistic thermoregulation model, identify the molecular basis and mediators of injury, and characterize associated biomarkers. We discuss the implications of our work, future directions, and the type of tools necessary to enhance force health protection in the future. C1 [Stallings, Jonathan D.; Ippolito, Danielle L.] US Army, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Stallings, JD (reprint author), US Army, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Bldg 568 Doughten Dr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. OI Stallings, Jonathan/0000-0002-6430-5888 NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-606-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9490 AR 949009 DI 10.1117/12.2183870 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD3DB UT WOS:000359480500003 ER PT J AU He, MN Hu, LB Xue, Z Su, CC Redfern, P Curtiss, LA Polzin, B von Cresce, A Xu, R Zhang, ZC AF He, Meinan Hu, Libo Xue, Zheng Su, Chi Cheung Redfern, Paul Curtiss, Larry A. Polzin, Bryant von Cresce, Arthur Xu, Rang Zhang, Zhengcheng TI Fluorinated Electrolytes for 5-V Li-Ion Chemistry: Probing Voltage Stability of Electrolytes with Electrochemical Floating Test SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BATTERIES; CARBONATES; SULFONE; LINI0.5MN1.5O4; MECHANISMS; CORROSION; CAPACITY; SOLVENTS; SURFACE; CELLS AB A series of electrolyte formulations containing fluorinated cyclic carbonates and fluorinated linear carbonates with LiPF6 has been evaluated as electrolyte solvents for high-voltage Li-ion batteries. The anodic stability of the new electrolytes on fully charged spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathode was examined by electrochemical floating tests. The effects of fluorine substitution on the cyclic and linear carbonate, ratio of cyclic vs. linear carbonate, and LiPF6 concentration on the electrolyte oxidation stability were investigated. Based on this study, the floating test proved to be an effective tool for identification of stable electrolyte materials. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Meinan; Hu, Libo; Xue, Zheng; Su, Chi Cheung; Polzin, Bryant; Zhang, Zhengcheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Redfern, Paul; Curtiss, Larry A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [von Cresce, Arthur; Xu, Rang] US Army, Res Lab, Sensor & Electron Devices Directorate, Power & Energy Div,Electrochem Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP He, MN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zzhang@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office; U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office. Argonne National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank the Cell Analysis, Modeling, and Prototyping (CAMP) Facility of Argonne's Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division for providing the electrode materials. The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paidup nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 10 U2 39 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 9 BP A1725 EP A1729 DI 10.1149/2.0231509jes PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CO5CL UT WOS:000359177100006 ER PT J AU Korte, ME AF Korte, Michaele. E. TI HE DID IT, BUT SO WHAT? WHY PERMITTING NULLIFICATION AT COURT-MARTIAL RIGHTFULLY ALLOWS MEMBERS TO USE THEIR CONSCIENCES IN DELIBERATIONS SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 US Army, Washington, DC USA. RP Korte, ME (reprint author), US Army, Washington, DC USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PY 2015 VL 223 IS 1 BP 100 EP 156 PG 57 WC Law SC Government & Law GA CO8UZ UT WOS:000359448900003 ER PT J AU Kargus, BJ AF Kargus, Brian J. TI KEEP YOUR HANDS TO YOURSELF: WHY THE MAXIMUM PENALTY FOR ASSAULT CONSUMMATED BY A BATTERY MUST BE INCREASED SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID RAPE C1 [Kargus, Brian J.] US Army, Ft Lee, VA USA. RP Kargus, BJ (reprint author), US Army, Combined Arms Support Command, Mil Justice, Ft Lee, VA 23801 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PY 2015 VL 223 IS 1 BP 198 EP 222 PG 25 WC Law SC Government & Law GA CO8UZ UT WOS:000359448900005 ER PT S AU Farrell, ME Singamaneni, S Pellegrino, PM AF Farrell, Mikella E. Singamaneni, Srikanth Pellegrino, Paul M. BE Cullum, BM McLamore, ES TI Flexible SERS-based Substrates: Challenges and Opportunities toward an Army relevant universal sensing platform SO SMART BIOMEDICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology XII CY APR 23-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Raman; SERS; substrates; flexible substrates; hazard detection; biological; chemical and energetic ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; COATED FILTER-PAPER; MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS; PEROXIDE-BASED EXPLOSIVES; DEMAND INKJET TECHNOLOGY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRACE EXPLOSIVES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; SELECTIVE DETECTION AB Generally the fabrication, assembly and evaluation of plasmonic nanostructures for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates has focused on static rigid substrates such as glass and silicon. However, these static substrates severely limit the application of plasmonic nanostructures as (i) they provide no means to alter the state of assembly of the nanostructures once they are formed or anchored on the surface i.e., not reconfigurable; and (ii) preclude applications which demand non-planar, flexible or conformal surfaces. The above considerations has led to the development of a novel class of SERS substrates based on flexible substrates such paper, polymer membranes and electrospun fibers. These flexible SERS media based on unconventional substrates such as paper offer distinct advantages compared to the conventional SERS substrates in that (i) flexible nature of the substrate enables conformal contact with the surfaces under investigation leading to efficient sample collection; (ii) porous nature of the SERS substrate (interstices between the fibers) provides efficient access to the analytes; (iii) high surface area of the 3D paper substrate results in large dynamic range of the chemical sensors; (iv) intricate network of fibers decorated with metal nanoparticles can provide potentially high density of electromagnetic hotspots; (v) intense light scattering caused by the fibrous structure of the substrate (e.g., paper) enables efficient light-metal interaction; and (vi) facile fabrication leads to efficient, robust, reliable, reusable and cost-effective SERS substrates. In this presentation, we will focus on the Army need for a more flexible (substrate surface and application) SERS substrate for universal sensing. This presentation will leverage from material presented at a flexible SERS (May 2014) workshop hosted by Dr. Srikanth Singamaneni at Washington University. C1 [Farrell, Mikella E.; Pellegrino, Paul M.] US Army Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Singamaneni, Srikanth] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Farrell, ME (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 159 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 27 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-603-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9487 AR 94870K DI 10.1117/12.2181119 PG 16 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BD3CJ UT WOS:000359469900007 ER PT J AU Hall, DM Swannack, TM Lazarus, ED Peterson, MJ Gilbertz, SJ Horton, CC Peterson, TR AF Hall, Damon M. Swannack, Todd M. Lazarus, Eli D. Peterson, Markus J. Gilbertz, Susan J. Horton, Cristi C. Peterson, Tarla Rai TI Integrating Social Power and Political Influence into Models of Social-Ecological Systems SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Sustainability science; Social capital; Power; Boundary object; Water resources management; Floodplain development; Riparian ecology ID SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE; DECISION-MAKING; MANAGEMENT; NEGOTIATIONS AB Shaping policy for environmental sustainability depends upon decision-makers conceptualizing problems in ways that are either shared or similar enough to communicate about, diagnose, and act. The quality of this shared mental model of a social-ecological system (SES) is paramount to its effectiveness. Fundamentally, the mental model must integrate multiple kinds of knowledge about the system. If the decision-making body's assumptions about, description of, and solution for a problem do not to reflect the many ways stakeholders know a system, then the products of that decision-making process are viewed as illegitimate. Sustainability policy must fit the often subtle social order of the communities expected to implement it. In this essay, we discuss how a systems-based perspective can be a versatile tool for tackling these challenges of knowledge integration and decision-making in the context of a complex SES. Using social theory of Pierre Bourdieu, we construct a conceptual model that illustrates a route for integrating locally known social complexities (power, influence) gleaned from stakeholder interviews (N = 57). Stakeholders and end-user groups may dismiss any model that they perceive fails to satisfactorily account for specific, locally salient social nuances. Our approach leverages the overlapping notion of "capital" in social and ecological theory to demonstrate how reciprocal interactions between human and ecological systems can be adopted into tools for reaching viable solutions to SES problems. C1 [Hall, Damon M.] St Louis Univ, Ctr Sustainabil, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Swannack, Todd M.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Lazarus, Eli D.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Environm Dynam Lab, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Peterson, Markus J.; Peterson, Tarla Rai] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gilbertz, Susan J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Social Sci & Cultural Studies, Billings, MT USA. [Horton, Cristi C.] Tarleton State Univ, Dept Fine Arts & Commun, Stephenville, TX USA. [Peterson, Tarla Rai] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. RP Hall, DM (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Ctr Sustainabil, Des Peres Hall,Suite 203E,3694 West Pine Mall, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. RI Peterson, Markus/C-3303-2008 OI Peterson, Markus/0000-0001-6145-0134 NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU EUROPEAN CENTER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PI ROME PA VIA DEI FIORI 34, ROME, 00172, ITALY SN 2239-5938 EI 2239-6101 J9 EUR J SUSTAIN DEV JI Eur. J. Sustain. Dev. PY 2015 VL 4 IS 2 BP 61 EP 76 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO3NO UT WOS:000359065200008 ER PT J AU Martone, AF Gallagher, KA Sherbondy, KD Ranney, KI Dogaru, TV Mazzaro, GJ Narayanan, RM AF Martone, Anthony F. Gallagher, Kyle A. Sherbondy, Kelly D. Ranney, Kenneth I. Dogaru, Traian V. Mazzaro, Gregory J. Narayanan, Ram M. TI Adaptable Bandwidth for Harmonic Step-Frequency Radar SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID RADIOFREQUENCY INTERFERENCE; SUPPRESSION; SYSTEMS AB A spectrum sensing technique is described which is used to enhance the performance of harmonic step-frequency radar in the presence of harmful radio frequency (RF) interference (RFI). This technique passively monitors the RF spectrum for subbands of high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) within a constrained bandwidth of interest. An optimal subband is selected for the harmonic radar that maximizes SINR and minimizes the range resolution cell size, two conflicting objectives. The approach is tested using an experimental setup that injects high power RFI into a harmonic step-frequency radar, which significantly degrades radar performance. It is shown that the proposed spectrum sensing technique significantly improves the SINR and the peak-to-average sidelobe power level of the harmonic radar at the sacrifice of range resolution. C1 [Martone, Anthony F.; Sherbondy, Kelly D.; Ranney, Kenneth I.; Dogaru, Traian V.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Gallagher, Kyle A.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mazzaro, Gregory J.] The Citadel, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. RP Martone, AF (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM anthony.f.martone.civ@mail.mil NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-5869 EI 1687-5877 J9 INT J ANTENN PROPAG JI Int. J. Antennas Propag. PY 2015 AR 808093 DI 10.1155/2015/808093 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CO5WG UT WOS:000359228600001 ER PT S AU Chen, D Yen, M Lin, P Groff, S Lampo, R Mcinerney, M Ryan, J AF Chen, Dong Yen, Max Lin, Paul Groff, Steve Lampo, Richard Mcinerney, Michael Ryan, Jeffrey BE Zhang, Z TI A Sensor System to Monitor the Early-Stage Corrosion of A36 Carbon Steel SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS (ICMSA 2015) SE APR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Material Science and Application (ICMSA) CY JUN 13-14, 2015 CL Suzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Carbon Steel; Chloride; X-ray Diffraction; Rust; Corrosion Sensor ID IRON; RUST AB An innovative sensor containing A36 carbon steel was explored for corrosion monitoring. After being soaked in an aerated 0.2 M NaCl solution, the sensor's normalized electrical resistance (R/R-0) decreased continuously with the extent of corrosion from 1 to 0.64. Meanwhile, the sensor's normalized capacitance (C/C-0) increased continuously from 1.0 to 1.42. The sensors can be attached to a structure to be monitored via a wired or wireless network connection for automatic data acquisition, processing, storage and evaluation. C1 [Chen, Dong; Yen, Max; Lin, Paul; Groff, Steve] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Coll Engn Technol & Comp Sci, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [Lampo, Richard; Mcinerney, Michael; Ryan, Jeffrey] US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Chen, D (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Coll Engn Technol & Comp Sci, 2101 E Coliseum Blvd, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. EM chend@ipfw.edu; yens@ipfw.edu; lin@ipfw.edu; groff.steve@gmail.com; Richard.G.Lampo@usace.army.mil; Michael.K.McInerney@usace.army.mil; Jeffrey.P.Ryan@usace.army.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ATLANTIS PRESS PI PARIS PA 29 AVENUE LAVMIERE, PARIS, 75019, FRANCE SN 2352-541X BN 978-94-62520-75-2 J9 APR PY 2015 VL 3 BP 276 EP 281 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BD2AY UT WOS:000358617800051 ER PT J AU Bergman, JJ Briggs, MM Beall, DL Curwood, S Gray, P Soiseth, S Taylor, RK Zidenberg-Cherr, S AF Bergman, Jacqueline J. Briggs, Marilyn M. Beall, Deborah L. Curwood, Sandy Gray, Pilar Soiseth, Scott Taylor, Rodney K. Zidenberg-Cherr, Sheri TI Stepping Up to the Challenge: The Development, Implementation, and Assessment of a Statewide, Regional, Leadership Program for School Nutrition Directors SO HEALTH PROMOTION PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE behavior change; child/adolescent health; career development/professional preparation; health education; health promotion; nutrition; needs/assets assessment; program planning and evaluation; social marketing/health communication; coordinated school health programs; school health; obesity; chronic disease ID HEALTH-PROMOTION; WELLNESS POLICIES; OBESITY; MODEL; TRAINER AB A statewide professional development program was developed and implemented throughout California for school nutrition directors with the goal of creating healthy school environments and regional networks for collaboration and healthy school environment sustain-ability. Needs of school nutrition directors were identified through a needs assessment questionnaire. Results of the needs assessment questionnaire (n = 256) identified (a) planning cost-effective menus; (b) reducing calories, sodium, saturated fat, and trans fat in menus; and (c) using U.S. Department of Agriculture foods cost-effectively as the most useful topics. Highest rated topics informed the content of the professional development program. A post-professional development questionnaire identified key "insights, inspirations, and strategies" as (a) marketing of school foods program, (b) expansion of salad bars, and (c) collaboration with community partners. A 6-month follow-up questionnaire identified that 86% of participants made progress toward implementing at least one of their five insights, inspirations, and strategies in their school districts. Most common areas that were implemented were marketing and branding (32%), revamping salad bars (18%), and motivating staff (16%). School and Community Actions for Nutrition survey analysis showed a significant increase in the use of marketing methods in school nutrition programs from baseline to 6-month post-program implementation (p = .024). C1 [Bergman, Jacqueline J.; Briggs, Marilyn M.; Zidenberg-Cherr, Sheri] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Nutr Sch, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Beall, Deborah L.] Calif Dept Educ, Sacramento, CA USA. [Curwood, Sandy] Ventura Unified Sch Dist, Ventura, CA USA. [Gray, Pilar] Ft Bragg Unified Sch Dist, Ft Bragg, CA USA. [Soiseth, Scott] Turlock Unified Sch Dist, Turlock, CA USA. [Taylor, Rodney K.] Riverside Unified Sch Dist, Riverside, CA USA. RP Bergman, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sazidenbergcherr@ucdavis.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1524-8399 EI 1552-6372 J9 HEALTH PROMOT PRACT JI Health Promot. Pract. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 16 IS 1 BP 122 EP 131 DI 10.1177/1524839914530399 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CL9KZ UT WOS:000357298500017 PM 24740964 ER PT J AU Hayes, LA Caldwell, C Licona, B Meyer, TE AF Hayes, Linda A. Caldwell, Cam Licona, Bryan Meyer, Thomas E. TI Followership behaviors and barriers to wealth creation SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Employee behaviour; Leadership; Organizational effectiveness; Trust; Commitment ID SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE; LEADERSHIP; TRUST; STEWARDSHIP; ORGANIZATIONS; MODEL; TRUSTWORTHINESS; PERFORMANCE; COMMITMENT; MATTER AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to further research in the leader-follower relationship by focussing on followership. Given the need to increase organizational collaboration and cooperation, this research identifies the nature of follower buy-in behaviors and characteristics and develops a continuum of increasing follower compliance to stewardship with the organization. Design/methodology/approach - This research integrates the insights of highly regarded researchers into a continuum of follower compliance to stewardship and proposes 12 propositions of leaders and followers that address the importance of creating an environment for improved collaboration and cooperation which ultimately leads to increased organizational competitiveness and profitability. Findings - A continuum of increasing follower buy-in is proposed with the first four zones drawn from past literature (indifference, acceptance, trust, and commitment) and a fifth zone, follower stewardship, being introduced in the paper. The authors argue that understanding and fostering follower behaviors along the continuum improves organizational effectiveness. Research limitations/implications - This research offers a framework of follower behaviors and characteristics and proposes 12 hypotheses of leaders and followers to improve competitiveness and profitability that can be tested in future research. Practical implications - This paper provides valuable insights to scholars and practitioners by creating a framework of follower buy-in behaviors and characteristics that will allow leaders to increase the effectiveness of organizational culture, practices, and procedures. The research proposes 12 hypotheses of leaders and followers that can be tested for improving organizational competitiveness and profitability. Social implications - The paper identifies barriers to creating followership including under-investing in human capital, treating followers as means rather than as ends, thinking short-term, breaking commitments, and so on. Originality/value - The research develops a solid theoretical background for categorizing and measuring follower buy-in to organizations and introduces follower stewardship to management research. C1 [Hayes, Linda A.] Univ Houston Victoria, Sch Business Adm, Sugar Land, TX 77479 USA. [Caldwell, Cam] St Thomas Univ, Sch Business, Miami, FL USA. [Licona, Bryan] Nova SE Univ, Sch Business, Miami, FL USA. [Meyer, Thomas E.] US Army, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Hayes, LA (reprint author), Univ Houston Victoria, Sch Business Adm, Sugar Land, TX 77479 USA. EM HayesL@uhv.edu NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 11 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0262-1711 EI 1758-7492 J9 J MANAG DEV JI J. Manag. Dev. PY 2015 VL 34 IS 3 BP 270 EP 285 DI 10.1108/JMD-09-2013-0111 PG 16 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA CH8XT UT WOS:000354320600002 ER PT S AU Kim, D Winkler, M Muste, M AF Kim, D. Winkler, M. Muste, M. BE Gaol, FL TI A GIS-based Computational Tool for Multidimensional Flow Velocity by Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE & ENGINEERING IN MATHEMATICS, CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2015 (SCITECH 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Science & Engineering in Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics (SciTech) CY JAN 31-FEB 01, 2015 CL INDONESIA ID BED SHEAR-STRESS; FIXED-VESSEL; PART II; RIVER; ADCP AB Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) provide efficient and reliable flow measurements compared to other tools for characteristics of the riverine environments. In addition to originally targeted discharge measurements, ADCPs are increasingly utilized to assess river flow characteristics. The newly developed VMS (Velocity Mapping Software) aims at providing an efficient process for quality assurance, mapping velocity vectors for visualization and facilitating comparison with physical and numerical model results. VMS was designed to provide efficient and smooth work flows for processing groups of transects. The software allows the user to select group of files and subsequently to conduct statistical and graphical quality assurance on the files as a group or individually as appropriate. VMS also enables spatial averaging in horizontal and vertical plane for ADCP data in a single or multiple transects over the same or consecutive cross sections. The analysis results are displayed in numerical and graphical formats. C1 [Kim, D.] Dankook Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Yongin, Geyonggi Do, South Korea. [Winkler, M.] US Army Corps Engineers, Gulf Region Dist Baghdad, Iraq. [Muste, M.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Kim, D (reprint author), Dankook Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Yongin, Geyonggi Do, South Korea. EM dongsu-kim@dankook.ac.kr; Michael.F.Winkler@usace.army.mil; marian-muste@uiowa.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 622 AR 012024 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/622/1/012024 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BD1LF UT WOS:000358132000024 ER PT S AU Das, S Robinson, JA Dubey, M Terrones, H Terrones, M AF Das, Saptarshi Robinson, Joshua A. Dubey, Madan Terrones, Humberto Terrones, Mauricio BE Clarke, DR TI Beyond Graphene: Progress in Novel Two-Dimensional Materials and van der Waals Solids SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 45 SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE 2D materials; synthesis; electronics; photonics; catalysis ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOS2 THIN-FILM; TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION; LOW-RESISTANCE CONTACTS; ACTIVE EDGE SITES; SINGLE-LAYER MOS2; P-N-JUNCTIONS; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE AB Interest in 2D materials and van der Waals solids is growing exponentially across various scientific and engineering disciplines owing to their fascinating electrical, optical, chemical, and thermal properties. Whereas the micromechanical exfoliation technique has been adopted for rapid material characterization and demonstration of innovative device ideas based on these 2D systems, significant advances have recently been made in large-scale homogeneous and heterogeneous growth of these materials. This review reflects recent progress and outlines future prospects of these novel 2D materials. We provide a holistic overview of the different synthesis and characterization techniques, electronic and photonic device characteristics, and catalytic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides and their heterostructures. We also comment on the challenges that need to be overcome for full-scale commercial implementation of this novel class of layered materials. C1 [Das, Saptarshi] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Robinson, Joshua A.; Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Robinson, Joshua A.; Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Ctr Two Dimens & Layered Mat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dubey, Madan] US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20723 USA. [Terrones, Humberto] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Das, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM das@anl.gov; jrobinson@psu.edu; madan.dubey.civ@mail.mil; terroh@rpi.edu; mut11@psu.edu FU US Army Research Office MURI [W911NF-11-1-0362]; LEAST (the Center for Low Energy Systems Technology); MARCO; DARPA; Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science for a seed grant [DMR-0820404]; Department of Energy (DoE) Office of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DoE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [EFRI-1433311] FX We thank Ruitao Lv and Simin Feng for fruitful discussions. This work is supported by the US Army Research Office MURI grant W911NF-11-1-0362 and by LEAST (the Center for Low Energy Systems Technology), one of six centers supported by the STARnet phase of the Focus Center Research Program, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program sponsored by MARCO and DARPA. M.T. and J.A.R. also acknowledge support from the Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science for a seed grant on 2D layered materials (DMR-0820404). The authors also acknowledge the Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials. The work of S.D. is supported by the Department of Energy (DoE) Office of High Energy Physics under DoE contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials at Argonne was supported by the DoE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. H.T. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (EFRI-1433311). NR 150 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 56 U2 262 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1745-4 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2015 VL 45 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070214-021034 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BD1XC UT WOS:000358484200001 ER PT J AU Golden, JW Hammerbeck, CD Mucker, EM Brocato, RL AF Golden, Joseph W. Hammerbeck, Christopher D. Mucker, Eric M. Brocato, Rebecca L. TI Animal Models for the Study of Rodent-Borne Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: Arenaviruses and Hantaviruses SO BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review ID SIN-NOMBRE-VIRUS; MOUSE PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; EXPERIMENTAL LASSA FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME HFRS; T-CELL RESPONSES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUS; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; LETHAL DISEASE-MODEL AB Human pathogenic hantaviruses and arenaviruses are maintained in nature by persistent infection of rodent carrier populations. Several members of these virus groups can cause significant disease in humans that is generically termed viral hemorrhagic fever (HF) and is characterized as a febrile illness with an increased propensity to cause acute inflammation. Human interaction with rodent carrier populations leads to infection. Arenaviruses are also viewed as potential biological weapons threat agents. There is an increased interest in studying these viruses in animal models to gain a deeper understating not only of viral pathogenesis, but also for the evaluation of medical countermeasures (MCM) to mitigate disease threats. In this review, we examine current knowledge regarding animal models employed in the study of these viruses. We include analysis of infection models in natural reservoirs and also discuss the impact of strain heterogeneity on the susceptibility of animals to infection. This information should provide a comprehensive reference for those interested in the study of arenaviruses and hantaviruses not only for MCM development but also in the study of viral pathogenesis and the biology of these viruses in their natural reservoirs. C1 [Golden, Joseph W.; Hammerbeck, Christopher D.; Mucker, Eric M.; Brocato, Rebecca L.] US Army, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Mol Virol, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Golden, JW (reprint author), US Army, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Mol Virol, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM joseph.w.golden.ctr@mail.mil FU In-House Laboratory Independent Research grant from Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology FX The authors thank Steve Kwilas for critically reading the paper. Joseph W. Golden is funded in part by an In-House Laboratory Independent Research grant from the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology. NR 302 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2314-6133 EI 2314-6141 J9 BIOMED RES INT JI Biomed Res. Int. PY 2015 AR 793257 DI 10.1155/2015/793257 PG 31 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CO0YV UT WOS:000358880800001 ER PT S AU Cha, JH Abbott, AL Reynolds, JP AF Cha, Jae H. Abbott, A. Lynn Reynolds, Joseph P. BE Szu, HH Dai, L Zheng, Y TI Thermal Image Enhancement Construct for "Seeing through Obscurants" SO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSES, COMPRESSIVE SAMPLING, LARGE DATA ANALYSES (LDA), NEURAL NETWORKS, BIOSYSTEMS, AND NANOENGINEERING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Compressive Sampling, Large Data Analyses (LDA), Neural Networks, Biosystems, and Nanoengineering XIII CY APR 23-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE thermal image enhancement; source separation AB Thermal radiation from objects varies within spectral bands according to Planck's law. By modeling measurements of such radiation as a linear sum of contributions from multiple sources, a thermal image may be separated into multiple images of independent objects that represent the original, composite scene. We pose the scene decomposition as an inverse source separation problem, where multiple spectral images are used to improve temperature resolution of the estimated scene. Based on this concept, a unique algorithm is being developed that will enable thermal imagers to "see through certain obscurants" with image enhancement. Numerical simulations along with real images from multiple bands (MWIR and LWIR) suggest the feasibility of selective source removal and radiative spectral extrapolation, which can lead to thermal image enhancement and improved sensor performance. Practical issues related to the use of multiple spectral images (such as image registration and choice of sensing bands) are also discussed. C1 [Cha, Jae H.; Reynolds, Joseph P.] US Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Abbott, A. Lynn] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Cha, JH (reprint author), US Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM info@nvl.army.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-612-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9496 AR 94960K DI 10.1117/12.2178830 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BD1LB UT WOS:000358125000017 ER PT S AU Dai, LY AF Dai, Liyi BE Szu, HH Dai, L Zheng, Y TI Compressive Sensing Solutions through Minimax Optimization SO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSES, COMPRESSIVE SAMPLING, LARGE DATA ANALYSES (LDA), NEURAL NETWORKS, BIOSYSTEMS, AND NANOENGINEERING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Compressive Sampling, Large Data Analyses (LDA), Neural Networks, Biosystems, and Nanoengineering XIII CY APR 23-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Compressive sensing; sparsity; robustness; minimax optimization; ridge regression AB This paper is concerned with the basic issue of the robustness of compressive sensing solutions in the presence of uncertainties. In particular, we are interested in robust compressive sensing solutions under unknown modeling and measurement inaccuracies. The problems are formulated as minimax optimization. Exact solutions are derived through the approach of Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers. Numerical examples show the minimax problem formulations indeed improve the robustness of compressive sensing solutions in the presence of model and measurement uncertainties. C1 US Army Res Off, Div Comp Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27703 USA. RP Dai, LY (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Div Comp Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27703 USA. EM liyi.dai.civ@mail.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-612-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9496 AR 94960E DI 10.1117/12.2183914 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BD1LB UT WOS:000358125000012 ER PT S AU Ayres, T AF Ayres, Tom BE Lovell, DW TI Haditha: A Case Study in Response to War Crimes SO INVESTIGATING OPERATIONAL INCIDENTS IN A MILITARY CONTEXT: LAW, JUSTICE, POLITICS SE International Humanitarian Law Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ayres, Tom] 82 Airborne Div, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Ayres, T (reprint author), US Army Legal Serv Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-6776 BN 978-90-04-27710-6; 978-90-04-27709-0 J9 INT HUMANIT LAW PY 2015 VL 43 BP 87 EP 97 PG 11 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BC8XF UT WOS:000356160800006 ER PT J AU Warren, R Sammoura, F Tounsi, F Sanghadasa, M Lin, LW AF Warren, Roseanne Sammoura, Firas Tounsi, Fares Sanghadasa, Mohan Lin, Liwei TI Highly active ruthenium oxide coating via ALD and electrochemical activation in supercapacitor applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; CHARGE STORAGE MECHANISM; THIN-FILMS; CARBON NANOTUBES; VANADIUM-OXIDE; POROUS SILICON; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; MINIATURE SUPERCAPACITORS; MICROCHANNEL PLATES; COBALT OXIDE AB Highly active ruthenium oxide was uniformly coated on vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests for pseudocapacitor electrodes in enhanced energy storage applications. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was designed to realize the conformal coating process onto porous structures and an electrochemical oxidation process was developed to achieve highly active ruthenium oxide. Results show 100 x and 170 x higher specific capacitance after the ALD coating and further electrochemical oxidation process, respectively, as compared with that of pure CNT electrodes. Furthermore, the measured capacitance value was close to the theoretical limit of ruthenium oxide at 644 F g(-1) with a high power density at 17 kW kg(-1). The electrode performance was tested over 10 000 charge-discharge cycles with gradually improved capacitance of 17% higher than the starting value and at ultra-high scan rates of up to 20 V s(-1). C1 [Warren, Roseanne; Sammoura, Firas; Tounsi, Fares; Lin, Liwei] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sammoura, Firas] Masdar Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Sanghadasa, Mohan] US Army RDECOM, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Lin, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, 403 Cory Hall 1774, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lwlin@berkeley.edu RI Tounsi, Fares/P-8486-2015 OI Tounsi, Fares/0000-0002-7130-4007 FU AMRDEC (Army RDECOM) FX This work is supported in part by AMRDEC (Army RDECOM). The authors would like to thank: J. Chukes and R. Rivers from the UC Berkeley Marvell Nanofabrication Laboratory for their assistance with the ALD process; J. Clarkson from the Marvell Nanofabrication Laboratory for assistance with porous Si SEM imaging; M. Neuburger and D. Susnitzky from Evans Analytical Group for assistance with XPS measurements and high-resolution TEM imaging; and B. Hsia, A. Kozinda, and M. Stoller for helpful discussions of supercapacitor measurement techniques. NR 61 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 10 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 30 BP 15568 EP 15575 DI 10.1039/c5ta03742e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CN1WQ UT WOS:000358211700026 ER PT S AU Tahmoush, D AF Tahmoush, Dave BE Popa, D Wijesundara, MBJ Blowers, M TI Robotic Situational Awareness of Actions in Human Teaming SO NEXT-GENERATION ROBOTICS II; AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Robotics II and Machine Intelligence and Bio-inspired Computation - Theory and Applications IX CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Classification; micro-Doppler; surveillance ID ACTION RECOGNITION AB When robots can sense and interpret the activities of the people they are working with, they become more of a team member and less of just a piece of equipment. This has motivated work on recognizing human actions using existing robotic sensors like short-range ladar imagers. These produce three-dimensional point cloud movies which can be analyzed for structure and motion information. We skeletonize the human point cloud and apply a physics-based velocity correlation scheme to the resulting joint motions. The twenty actions are then recognized using a nearest-neighbors classifier that achieves good accuracy. C1 US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tahmoush, D (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-610-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9494 AR 94940A DI 10.1117/12.2177371 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BD1LC UT WOS:000358126100007 ER PT S AU Bufler, TD Narayanan, RM Dogaru, T AF Bufler, Travis D. Narayanan, Ram M. Dogaru, Traian BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI SVM Based Target Classification using RCS Feature Vectors SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX; and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Radar; Clutter; RCS; FDTD; Human; Through-the-Wall; SVM; Machine Learning; Target Classification ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; FURNITURE; GHZ; PERMITTIVITY; PROPAGATION; ANTENNAS AB This paper investigates the application of SVM (Support Vector Machines) for the classification of stationary human targets and indoor clutter via spectral features. Applying Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) techniques allows us to examine the radar cross section (RCS) of humans and indoor clutter objects by utilizing different types of computer models. FDTD allows for the spectral characteristics to be acquired over a wide range of frequencies, polarizations, aspect angles, and materials. The acquired target and clutter RCS spectral characteristics are then investigated in terms of their potential for target classification using SVMs. Based upon variables such as frequency and polarization, a SVM classifier can be trained to classify unknown targets as a human or clutter. Furthermore, the application of feature selection is applied to the spectral characteristics to determine the SVM classification accuracy of a reduced dataset. Classification accuracies of nearly 90% are achieved using radial and polynomial kernels. C1 [Bufler, Travis D.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dogaru, Traian] Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Narayanan, RM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ram@engr.psu.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 946101 DI 10.1117/12.2176759 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900014 ER PT S AU Debroux, P Verdin, B Pichardo, S AF Debroux, P. Verdin, B. Pichardo, S. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Calculation of the Phase-Center Offset from 2D Antenna Radiation Patterns SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX; and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB Centering the phase-center of an antenna onto the rotational axis used to measure its radiation pattern is an iterative and time consuming process. To facilitate this process, an algorithm has been developed to calculate the phase-center offset from the axis of rotation of a 2D antenna pattern. The hybrid algorithm is comprised of a combination of the two-point method to calculate the offset along the antenna mainbeam, and an antisymmetry method is used to calculate offset perpendicular to the mainbeam direction. The algorithm is tested on the E-plane radiation pattern of a cylindrical horn antenna calculated using the HFSS electromagnetic simulation engine, radiating at 5GHz. The algorithm calculates the phase-center offset to within 15%. Because the algorithm analyzes the unwrapped phase of the radiation pattern, which it converts to offset distance, no ambiguity due to offsets greater than a wavelength exist. Using this algorithm, the phase-center of the antenna can be placed coincident to the axis of rotation after the first antenna pattern is measured and analyzed. C1 [Debroux, P.; Verdin, B.] Army Res Lab, WSMR, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Pichardo, S.] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Debroux, P (reprint author), Army Res Lab, WSMR, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM patrick.debroux.civ@mail.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 946102 DI 10.1117/12.2177100 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900001 ER PT S AU Gallagher, KA Mazzaro, GJ Martone, AF Sherbondy, KD Narayanan, RM AF Gallagher, Kyle A. Mazzaro, Gregory J. Martone, Anthony F. Sherbondy, Kelly D. Narayanan, Ram M. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Filter Selection For a Harmonic Radar SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Harmonic radar; filter selection; cascaded filters; diplexer ID MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; NONLINEARITIES; SCATTERING; TRACKING AB In a harmonic radar system design, one of the most important components is the filter used to remove the self-generated harmonics by the high-power transmitter power amplifier, which is usually driven close to its 1-dB compression point. The obvious choice for this filter is a low-pass filter. The low-pass filter will be required to attenuate stop band frequencies with 100 dB attenuation or more. Due to the high degree of attenuation required, multiple low-pass filter will likely be required. Most commercially available low-pass filters are reflective devices, which operate by reflecting the unwanted high frequencies. Cascading these reflective filter causes issues in attenuating stop band frequencies. We show that frequency diplexers are more attractive in place of reflective low-pass filters as they are able to terminate the stop band frequencies as opposed to reflecting them. C1 [Gallagher, Kyle A.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mazzaro, Gregory J.] The Citadel, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. [Martone, Anthony F.; Sherbondy, Kelly D.] US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gallagher, KA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 94610A DI 10.1117/12.2176858 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900008 ER PT S AU Gallagher, KA Gregory, JM Ranney, KI Nguyen, LH Martone, AF Sherbondy, KD Narayanan, RM AF Gallagher, Kyle A. Gregory, J. Mazzaro Ranney, Kenneth I. Nguyen, Lam H. Martone, Anthony F. Sherbondy, Kelly D. Narayanan, Ram M. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Nonlinear Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging using a Harmonic Radar SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Harmonic radar; nonlinear radar; SAR imaging; clutter rejection ID MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; INSECT TRACKING; SCATTERING; TAGS AB This paper presents synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of linear and nonlinear targets. Data are collected using a linear/nonlinear step frequency radar. We show that it is indeed possible to produce SAR images using a nonlinear radar. Furthermore, it is shown that the nonlinear radar is able to reduce linear clutter by at least 80 dB compared to a linear radar. The nonlinear SAR images also show the system's ability to detect small electronic devices in the presence of large linear clutter. The system presented here has the ability to completely ignore a 20-inch trihedral corner reflector while detecting a RF mixer with a dipole antenna attached. C1 [Gallagher, Kyle A.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gregory, J. Mazzaro; Sherbondy, Kelly D.] The Citadel, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. [Ranney, Kenneth I.; Nguyen, Lam H.; Martone, Anthony F.] US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gallagher, KA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 946109 DI 10.1117/12.2177219 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900007 ER PT S AU Govoni, MA Elwell, R Dogaru, T Liao, DH AF Govoni, Mark A. Elwell, Ryan Dogaru, Traian Liao, DaHan BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI A practical look at target detection using MIMO radar SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE multiple input multiple output (MIMO); radar; beamforming; finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) AB The conditions for orthogonality in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar enable a virtual array gain beneficial to beamforming on receive. However, this condition imposes a constraint on transmit beamforming for various reasons. As a result, a performance loss can be expected when compared to a traditional monostatic phased array. With this in mind, we analyze the complex scattering coefficients for a scenario in which MIMO radar beamforming is used to illuminate an arbitrary target obfuscated by different line-of-sight obstructions such as foliage and/or buildings. Using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling, our simulations will grow the understanding of how plausible MIMO radar is for detecting targets in challenging environments. C1 [Govoni, Mark A.; Elwell, Ryan] Army CERDEC I2WD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001 USA. [Dogaru, Traian; Liao, DaHan] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Govoni, MA (reprint author), Army CERDEC I2WD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 94610R DI 10.1117/12.2177225 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900023 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Gallagher, K Ranney, K AF Lam Nguyen Gallagher, Kyle Ranney, Kenneth BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Sparse SAR Imaging for a Stepped-Frequency Harmonic Radar SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX; and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE sparse imaging; compressed sensing; harmonic radar; nonlinear radar; stepped-frequency radar; ultra-wideband radar (UWB); synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID RECOVERY AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory is studying the feasibility of using stepped-frequency, ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for the detection of nonlinear targets with harmonic frequency responses. The approach would filter out all natural clutter and manmade objects in the scene that do not have responses in the harmonic frequency bands. In this paper, we show the formulation of SAR imaging using harmonic responses from nonlinear targets. We also show the degradation in SAR image quality when the radar operates in a restricted and congested frequency spectrum where a significant percentage of the spectrum is either reserved or used by other systems. Fortunately, due to the sparse nature of the nonlinear objects in a typical scene, information in the missing frequency bands can be recovered to reduce the artifacts in SAR imagery. In this paper, we apply our sparse recovery technique to estimate the information in the missing frequency bands. Recovery performance in both raw data and SAR image domain is demonstrated using simulation and measured data from experiment. C1 [Lam Nguyen; Ranney, Kenneth] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Gallagher, Kyle] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM lam.h.nguyen2.civ@mail.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 94610B DI 10.1117/12.2177298 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900009 ER PT S AU Mazzaro, GJ Gallagher, KA Martone, AF Sherbondy, KD Narayanan, RM AF Mazzaro, Gregory J. Gallagher, Kyle A. Martone, Anthony F. Sherbondy, Kelly D. Narayanan, Ram M. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Short-Range Harmonic Radar: Chirp Waveform, Electronic Targets SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX; and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE electronic; harmonic; linear chirp; nonlinear; radar; target; waveform; ultra-wideband ID INSECT TRACKING; TAGS AB Radio-frequency (RF) electronic targets, such as man-portable electronics, cannot be detected by traditional linear radar because the radar cross section of those targets is much smaller than that of nearby clutter. One technology that is capable of separating RF electronic targets from naturally-occurring clutter is nonlinear radar. Presented in this paper is the evolution of nonlinear radar at the United States Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and recent results of short-range over-the-air harmonic radar tests there. For the present implementation of ARL's nonlinear radar, the transmit waveform is a chirp which sweeps one frequency at constant amplitude over an ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB). The receiver captures a single harmonic of this entire chirp. From the UWB received harmonic, a nonlinear frequency response of the radar environment is constructed. An inverse Fourier Transform of this nonlinear frequency response reveals the range to the nonlinear target within the environment. The chirped harmonic radar concept is validated experimentally using a wideband horn antenna and commercial off-the-shelf electronic targets. C1 [Mazzaro, Gregory J.] Mil Coll South Carolina, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. [Gallagher, Kyle A.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Martone, Anthony F.; Sherbondy, Kelly D.] US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mazzaro, GJ (reprint author), Mil Coll South Carolina, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 171 Moultrie St, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 946108 DI 10.1117/12.2177311 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900006 ER PT S AU Pappu, CS Verdin, B Flores, BC Boehm, J Debroux, P AF Pappu, Chandra S. Verdin, Berenice Flores, Benjamin C. Boehm, James Debroux, Patrick BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Analysis of Chaotic FM System Synchronization for Bistatic Radar SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Bistatic Radar; FM synchronization; Lorenz Systems; Projective Synchronization ID SIGNALS AB We propose a scheme for bistatic radar that uses a chaotic system to generate a wideband FM signal that is reconstructed at the receiver via a conventional phase lock loop. The setup for the bistatic radar includes a 3 state variable drive oscillator at the transmitter and a response oscillator at the receiver. The challenge is in synchronizing the response oscillator of the radar receiver utilizing a scaled version of the transmitted signal s(r)(t, x) = alpha s(t)(t, x) where x is one of three driver oscillator state variables and alpha is the scaling factor that accounts for antenna gain, system losses, and space propagation. For FM, we also assume that the instantaneous frequency of the received signal, x(s), is a scaled version of the Lorenz variable x. Since this additional scaling factor may not be known a priori, the response oscillator must be able to accept the scaled version of x as an input. Thus, to achieve synchronization we utilize a generalized projective synchronization technique that introduces a controller term -mu e where mu is a control factor and e is the difference between the response state variable x(s) and a scaled x. Since demodulation of s(r)(t) is required to reconstruct the chaotic state variable x, the phase lock loop imposes a limit on the minimum error e. We verify through simulations that, once synchronization is achieved, the short-time correlation of x and x(s) is high and that the self-noise in the correlation is negligible over long periods of time. C1 [Pappu, Chandra S.; Flores, Benjamin C.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept ECE, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Verdin, Berenice; Boehm, James; Debroux, Patrick] Army Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Pappu, CS (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept ECE, 500 W Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 94610Z DI 10.1117/12.2177417 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900031 ER PT S AU Phelan, BR Ressler, MA Ranney, KI Smith, GD Kirose, GA Sherbondy, KD Narayanan, RM AF Phelan, Brian R. Ressler, Marc A. Ranney, Kenneth I. Smith, Gregory D. Kirose, Getachew A. Sherbondy, Kelly D. Narayanan, Ram M. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Performance analysis of spectrally versatile forward-looking ground-penetrating radar for detection of concealed targets SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX; and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Ground-Penetrating Radar; Concealed Targets; Spectrum Control; Stepped-Frequency Radar AB Stepped-Frequency Radars (SFRs) have become increasingly popular with the advent of new technologies and increasingly congested RF spectrum. SFRs have inherently high dynamic range due to their small IF bandwidths, allowing for the detection of weak target returns in the presence of clutter. The Army Research Laboratory's (ARL) Partnership in Research Transition program has developed a preliminary SFR for imaging buried landmines and improvised explosive devices. The preliminary system utilizes two transmit antennas and four receive antennas and is meant to act as a transitional system to verify the system's design and imaging capabilities. The SFR operates between 300 MHz and 2000 MHz, and is capable of 1-MHz step-sizes. The SFR system will eventually utilize 16-receive channels and will be mounted on ARL's existing Forward-Looking Ground Penetrating Radar platform, as a replacement for the existing Synchronous Impulse REconstruction (SIRE) radar. An analysis of the preliminary SFRs radio frequency interference mitigation, spectral purity dynamic range, and maximum detectable range is presented here. C1 [Phelan, Brian R.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ressler, Marc A.; Ranney, Kenneth I.; Smith, Gregory D.; Kirose, Getachew A.; Sherbondy, Kelly D.] RDRL SER U, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Narayanan, RM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kelly.d.sherbondy.civ@mail.mil; ram@engr.psu.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 94610J DI 10.1117/12.2176749 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900015 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Gallagher, K Martone, A Mazzaro, G Sherbondy, K Narayanan, R AF Ranney, Kenneth Gallagher, Kyle Martone, Anthony Mazzaro, Gregory Sherbondy, Kelly Narayanan, Ram BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Instantaneous Stepped-Frequency, Non-linear Radar SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX; and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID HARMONIC RADAR AB Researchers have recently developed radar systems capable of exploiting non-linear target responses to precisely locate targets in range. These systems typically achieve the bandwidth necessary for range resolution through transmission of either a stepped-frequency or chirped waveform. The second harmonic of the reflected waveform is then analyzed to isolate the non-linear target response. In other experiments, researchers have identified certain targets through the inter-modulation products they produce in response to a multi-tone stimulus. These experiments, however, do not exploit the phase information available in the inter-modulation products. We present a method for exploiting both the magnitude and phase information available in the inter-modulation products to create an "instantaneous" stepped frequency, non-linear target response. The new approach enables us to both maintain the unambiguous range dictated by the fundamental, multi-tone separation and obtain the entire target signature from a single transmitted waveform. C1 [Ranney, Kenneth; Martone, Anthony; Sherbondy, Kelly] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Gallagher, Kyle; Narayanan, Ram] Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA USA. [Mazzaro, Gregory] The Citadel, Charleston, SC USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 946122 DI 10.1117/12.2186620 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900063 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Phelan, B Kirose, G Sherbondy, K Dogaru, T Narayanan, R AF Ranney, Kenneth Phelan, Brian Kirose, Getachew Sherbondy, Kelly Dogaru, Traian Narayanan, R. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Recent Experiments Using the ARL Rail-SAR SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB The Army Research Laboratory has constructed an indoor, rail-mounted, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system capable of simulating airborne data collection geometries. The collection facility includes both a "building within a building" for through-the-wall measurements and a "sand pit" for buried-target measurements. While we collect background measurements for the purpose of clutter removal, the elimination of multi-path responses due to target emplacements presents a significant problem. These multipath effects can manifest themselves as artifacts in the processed SAR imagery-artifacts that were observed in data presented at last year's Defense, Security and Sensing Radar Sensor Technology conference. In this paper, we present the results of additional data collections and analysis performed to identify the source of observed Rail-SAR artifacts. We analyze data collected using various target-emplacement scenarios and describe the procedures developed to eliminate artifacts in future Rail-SAR experiments. We examine results obtained both with and without the new measurement procedures in place. C1 [Ranney, Kenneth; Kirose, Getachew; Sherbondy, Kelly; Dogaru, Traian] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Phelan, Brian; Narayanan, R.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 94610L DI 10.1117/12.2178317 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900017 ER PT S AU Tahmoush, D AF Tahmoush, Dave BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Extracting and analyzing micro-Doppler from ladar signatures SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Classification; micro-Doppler; surveillance ID ACTION RECOGNITION; RADAR AB Ladar and other 3D imaging modalities have the capability of creating 3D micro-Doppler to analyze the micro-motions of human subjects. An additional capability to the recognition of micro-motion is the recognition of the moving part, such as the hand or arm. Combined with measured RCS values of the body, ladar imaging can be used to ground-truth the more sensitive radar micro-Doppler measurements and associate the moving part of the subject with the measured Doppler and RCS from the radar system. The 3D ladar signatures can also be used to classify activities and actions on their own, achieving an 86% accuracy using a micro-Doppler based classification strategy. C1 US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tahmoush, D (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 94611F DI 10.1117/12.2177570 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900046 ER PT S AU Verdin, B Debroux, P AF Verdin, B. Debroux, P. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Generalization of susceptibility of RF systems through far-field pattern superposition SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX; and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Susceptibility; Jamming; Radiation Pattern; Superposition Principle; RF systems AB The purpose of this paper is to perform an analysis of RF (Radio Frequency) communication systems in a large electromagnetic environment to identify its susceptibility to jamming systems. We propose a new method that incorporates the use of reciprocity and superposition of the far-field radiation pattern of the RF system and the far-field radiation pattern of the jammer system. By using this method we can find the susceptibility pattern of RF systems with respect to the elevation and azimuth angles. A scenario was modeled with HFSS (High Frequency Structural Simulator) where the radiation pattern of the jammer was simulated as a cylindrical horn antenna. The RF jamming entry point used was a half-wave dipole inside a cavity with apertures that approximates a land-mobile vehicle, the dipole approximates a leaky coax cable. Because of the limitation of the simulation method, electrically large electromagnetic environments cannot be quickly simulated using HFSS's finite element method (FEM). Therefore, the combination of the transmit antenna radiation pattern (horn) superimposed onto the receive antenna pattern (dipole) was performed in MATLAB. A 2D or 3D susceptibility pattern is obtained with respect to the azimuth and elevation angles. In addition, by incorporating the jamming equation into this algorithm, the received jamming power as a function of distance at the RF receiver Pr (phi(r), theta(r)) can be calculated. The received power depends on antenna properties, propagation factor and system losses. Test cases include: a cavity with four apertures, a cavity above an infinite ground plane, and a land-mobile vehicle approximation. By using the proposed algorithm a susceptibility analysis of RF systems in electromagnetic environments can be performed. C1 [Verdin, B.; Debroux, P.] Army Res Lab, WSMR, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Verdin, B (reprint author), Army Res Lab, WSMR, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM berever.verdin.ctr@mail.mil; patrick.debroux.civ@mail.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 94610Q DI 10.1117/12.2177074 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900022 ER PT S AU Tahmoush, D AF Tahmoush, Dave BE Henry, DJ Gosian, GJ Lange, DA VonBerg, DL Walls, TJ Young, DL TI Fusion of Video and Radar Comparison to 3D Ladar for Activity Recognition SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications XII CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Classification; activity; surveillance AB Determining hostile or suspicious activities within a civilian population can be challenging. Incorporating automated techniques for classifying activities can significantly reduce the operator workload. Utilizing 3D sensor modalities such as ladar can provide a strong capability for recognizing dismount activities. However, fusing multiple modalities, such as video in conjunction with radar, could provide a cheaper alternative for wide-area coverage. This work utilizes a single point-of-view 3D imaging system to approximate ladar captured data. Activity classification is done on the full 3D extracted motion, achieving 86% correct classification. Simulation of video-only activity classification is done by reducing the radial motion resolution and increasing the radial velocity error, and shows good performance on a significant number of activities. Simulation of radar-only classification is done by reducing the angular resolution and increasing the angular velocity error and shows good performance on a roughly orthogonal set of activities. Fusing the simulated radar and video data together at different fusion levels and comparing to the 3D ladar system gives an estimate of the loss in classification capability when using the less expensive fusion system. C1 US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tahmoush, D (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-576-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9460 AR 94600B DI 10.1117/12.2176594 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD0QF UT WOS:000357565500007 ER PT S AU Tahmoush, D AF Tahmoush, Dave BE Henry, DJ Gosian, GJ Lange, DA VonBerg, DL Walls, TJ Young, DL TI An Automated Analysis of Wide Area Motion Imagery for Moving Subject Detection SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications XII CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE surveillance; WAMI AB Automated analysis of wide area motion imagery (WAMI) can significantly reduce the effort required for converting data into reliable decisions. We register consecutive WAMI frames and use false-color frame comparisons to enhance the visual detection of possible subjects in the imagery. The large number of WAMI detections produces the need for a prioritization of detections for further inspection. We create a priority queue of detections for automated revisit with smaller field-of-view assets based on the locations of the movers as well as the probability of the detection. This automated queue works within an operator's preset prioritizations but also allows the flexibility to dynamically respond to new events as well as incorporating additional information into the surveillance tasking. C1 US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tahmoush, D (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-576-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9460 AR 94600O DI 10.1117/12.2177361 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD0QF UT WOS:000357565500018 ER PT S AU Holthoff, EL Li, L Hiller, T Turner, KL AF Holthoff, Ellen L. Li, Lily Hiller, Tobias Turner, Kimberly L. BE Fountain, AW TI A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)-Coated Microbeam MEMS Sensor for Chemical Detection SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Meeting of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing part of the SPIE Defense, Security plus Sensing Symposium CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Molecular imprinting; microcantilever; xerogel; chemical sensor; explosives detection ID PARAMETRIC RESONANCE; SELECTIVE DETECTION; TNT; FREQUENCY AB Recently, microcantilever-based technology has emerged as a viable sensing platform due to its many advantages such as small size, high sensitivity, and low cost. However, microcantilevers lack the inherent ability to selectively identify hazardous chemicals (e.g., explosives, chemical warfare agents). The key to overcoming this challenge is to functionalize the top surface of the microcantilever with a receptor material (e.g., a polymer coating) so that selective binding between the cantilever and analyte of interest takes place. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be utilized as artificial recognition elements for target chemical analytes of interest. Molecular imprinting involves arranging polymerizable functional monomers around a template molecule followed by polymerization and template removal. The selectivity for the target analyte is based on the spatial orientation of the binding site and covalent or noncovalent interactions between the functional monomer and the analyte. In this work, thin films of sol-gel-derived xerogels molecularly imprinted for TNT and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a chemical warfare agent stimulant, have demonstrated selectivity and stability in combination with a fixed-fixed beam microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based gas sensor. The sensor was characterized by parametric bifurcation noise-based tracking. C1 [Holthoff, Ellen L.] US Army, Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Li, Lily; Hiller, Tobias; Turner, Kimberly L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Holthoff, EL (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 15 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-571-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9455 AR 94550W DI 10.1117/12.2179694 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0WG UT WOS:000357744700028 ER PT S AU Marcus, LS Holthoff, EL Pellegrino, PM AF Marcus, Logan S. Holthoff, Ellen L. Pellegrino, Paul M. BE Fountain, AW TI Photoacoustic chemical sensing: layered systems and excitation source analysis SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Meeting of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing part of the SPIE Defense, Security plus Sensing Symposium CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE photoacoustic; spectroscopy; laser Doppler vibrometer; standoff; layered systems; solid samples; energetic detection; QCL ID SPECTROSCOPY; SOLIDS AB Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a versatile tool that is well suited for the ranged interrogation of layered samples. We have previously demonstrated standoff photoacoustic (PA) chemical detection of condensed phase samples at one meter distance using an interferometric sensing platform. Current research investigates layered solid samples constructed from a thin layer of energetic material deposited on a substrate. The PA signal from the system, as measured by the interferometer, changes based on the differing optical and mechanical properties of the substrate. This signal variance must be understood in order to develop a sensor capable of detecting trace quantities of hazardous materials independent of the surface. Optical absorption and modal excitation are the two biggest sources of PA signal generated in the sample/substrate system. Finally, the mode of operation of the excitation source is investigated. Most PA sensing paradigms use a quantum cascade laser (QCL) operating in either pulsed or modulated CW mode. We will discuss photoacoustic signal generation with respect to these different operating modes. C1 [Marcus, Logan S.; Holthoff, Ellen L.; Pellegrino, Paul M.] US Army, Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Marcus, LS (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-571-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9455 AR 94550T DI 10.1117/12.2176599 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0WG UT WOS:000357744700025 ER PT S AU Roberson, SD Bowman, SS Pellegrino, PM AF Roberson, Stephen D. Bowman, Sherrie S. Pellegrino, Paul M. BE Fountain, AW TI A study of single-beam femtosecond MCARS in trace material detection SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Meeting of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing part of the SPIE Defense, Security plus Sensing Symposium CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE CARS; Raman ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; LASER; INSTRUMENT; STANDOFF; AEROSOLS; SPECTRA AB There is a need for rapid and accurate detection and identification of complex aerosol particles in a number of fields for countless applications. Full identification of these particles has been hampered by the inability to use an information-rich spectroscopic method such as Raman scattering in a flowing aerosol environment due to the time needed to generate a Raman spectrum. Multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (MCARS) has been shown to generate a complete Raman spectrum from the material of interest using a single ultrabroadband pulse to coherently drive multiple molecular vibrations simultaneously. When used in conjunction with a narrow probe pulse, a complete Raman spectrum is created that can be detected in milliseconds. We will report on the MCARS spectra obtained from materials of interest at a distance of 1 m from the sample location. A limit of detection study of the MCARS spectrum of various materials of interest will be also reported in with the nonresonant background both present and removed. Additionally, a limit of detection study as a function of the number of pulses used to comprise the CARS spectrum of the materials of interest will be presented. C1 [Roberson, Stephen D.; Bowman, Sherrie S.; Pellegrino, Paul M.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Roberson, SD (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-571-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9455 AR 94550X DI 10.1117/12.2181051 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0WG UT WOS:000357744700029 ER PT S AU Roberson, SD Pellegrino, PM AF Roberson, Stephen D. Pellegrino, Paul M. BE Fountain, AW TI Removal of nonresonant background in MCARS spectra using Fourier filtering SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Meeting of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing part of the SPIE Defense, Security plus Sensing Symposium CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Raman ID PHASE RETRIEVAL; CARS SPECTRA; EXTRACTION AB Multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (MCARS) has been used to create a complete Raman spectrum of a material of interest in milliseconds. However, these MCARS spectra often embedded in a nonresonant background that reduces the ability to use those spectra to positively identify the material of interest. There are a number of techniques that are used experimentally to reduce the nonresonant background when taking the MCARS spectrum. However, there are situations where these experimental nonresonant background reduction techniques may result in a loss of the desired MCARS signal. In an effort to maintain the signal strength of the MCARS spectrum, analytical methods of background removal are employed. There are a number of analytical techniques for nonresonant background removal from MCARS signals. However, many of them either make blanket assumptions about the nonresonant background that sacrifice accuracy of the technique or require knowledge of the material of interest before removing the nonresonant background. We will be reporting on an analytical method to remove the nonresonant background that utilizes a combination of the maximum entropy method to reproduce the spectrum as well as complex spectral filtering to remove the nonresonant background and accurately determine the CARS spectrum interest without prior knowledge of the material of interest. C1 [Roberson, Stephen D.; Pellegrino, Paul M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Roberson, SD (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-571-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9455 AR 94550H DI 10.1117/12.2181043 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0WG UT WOS:000357744700015 ER PT S AU Sarkes, DA Dorsey, BL Stratis-Cullum, DN AF Sarkes, Deborah A. Dorsey, Brandi L. Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N. BE Fountain, AW TI Analysis of protective antigen peptide binding motifs using bacterial display technology SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Meeting of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing part of the SPIE Defense, Security plus Sensing Symposium CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE protective antigen; biothreat; biosensing; consensus; motif; bacterial display; peptide; affinity reagent ID COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES; ENABLES; SURFACE AB In today's fast-paced world, a new biological threat could emerge at any time, necessitating a prompt, reliable, inexpensive detection reagent in each case. Combined with magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), bacterial display technology makes it possible to isolate selective, high affinity peptide reagents in days to weeks. Utilizing the eCPX display scaffold is also a rapid way to screen potential peptide reagents. Peptide affinity reagents for protective antigen (PA) of the biothreat Bacillus anthracis were previously discovered using bacterial display. Bioinformatics analysis resulted in the consensus sequence WXCFTC. Additionally, we have discovered PA binding peptides with a WW motif, one of which, YGLHPWWKNAPIGQR, can pull down PA from 1% human serum. The strength of these two motifs combined, to obtain a WWCFTC consensus, is assessed here using Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). While monitoring binding to PA, overall expression of the display scaffold was assessed using the YPet Mona expression control tag (YPet), and specificity was assessed by binding to Streptavidin R-Phycoerythrin (SAPE). The importance of high YPet binding is highlighted as many of the peptides in one of the three replicate experiments fell below our 80% binding threshold. We demonstrate that it is preferable to discard this experiment, due to questionable expression of the peptide itself, than to try to normalize for relative expression. The peptides containing the WWCFTC consensus were of higher affinity and greater specificity than the peptides containing the WW consensus alone, validating further investigation to optimize known PA binders. C1 [Sarkes, Deborah A.; Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N.] US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Dorsey, Brandi L.] Fed Staffing Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Sarkes, DA (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-571-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9455 AR 94550A DI 10.1117/12.2179472 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0WG UT WOS:000357744700009 ER PT S AU Schill, JF Pellegrino, PM Holthoff, EL Giza, MM AF Schill, John F. Pellegrino, Paul M. Holthoff, Ellen L. Giza, Mark M. BE Fountain, AW TI Breadboard Sized Photo-acoustic Spectroscopy System using an FPGA based Lock-in Amplifier SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Meeting of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing part of the SPIE Defense, Security plus Sensing Symposium CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID QUANTUM CASCADE LASER; CELL AB Over the past several years we have developed a photo-acoustic spectroscopic (PAS) technique for trace gas detection that is capable of parts per trillion (ppt) detection limits. The desire to reduce the size of the system has led to several efforts that have reduced the size of the various components of the system. We have reduced the dimensions of the resonant cell to micrometer scale (MEMS). We have worked with Daylight Solutions to reduce the size of the tunable quantum cascade laser (QCL) used in the system. In this paper we demonstrate the reduction in size of the entire system to a 12" x 12" footprint. We do this by implementing the lock-in amplifier on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) demonstration board that is also capable of acting as the system controller and data output device. We briefly describe the digital lock-in amplifier and sketch our implementation on the FPGA. We go on to compare the spectroscopic data we collected using this system with data we collected using a large rack mounted Stanford Research Systems SR830 lock-in amplifier and a PC. C1 [Schill, John F.; Pellegrino, Paul M.; Holthoff, Ellen L.; Giza, Mark M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Schill, JF (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-571-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9455 AR 94550Z DI 10.1117/12.2178160 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0WG UT WOS:000357744700031 ER PT S AU Hu, SW Gurram, P Chan, AL AF Hu, Shuowen Gurram, Prudhvi Chan, Alex Lipchen BE Pham, T Kolodny, MA TI Detection of Anomalous Track Patterns for Long Term Surveillance SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR VI CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Long term video surveillance; tracking; anomaly detection AB Surveillance cameras have become ubiquitous in society, used to monitor areas such as residential blocks, city streets, university campuses, industrial sites, and government installations. Surveillance footage, especially of public areas, is frequently streamed online in real time, providing a wealth of data for computer vision research. The focus of this work is on detection of anomalous patterns in surveillance video data recorded over a period of months to years. We propose an anomaly detection technique based on support vector data description (SVDD) to detect anomalous patterns in video footage of a university campus scene recorded over a period of months SVDD is a kernel-based anomaly detection technique which models the normalcy data in a high dimensional feature space using an optimal enclosing hypersphere - samples that lie outside this boundary are detected as outliers or anomalies Two types of anomaly detection are conducted in this work: track-level analysis to determine individual tracks that are anomalous, and day-level analysis using aggregate scene level feature maps to determine which days exhibit anomalous activity. Experimentation and evaluation is conducted using a scene from the Global Webcam Archive. C1 [Hu, Shuowen; Gurram, Prudhvi; Chan, Alex Lipchen] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hu, SW (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM shuowen.hu.civ@mail.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-580-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9464 AR 946404 DI 10.1117/12.2182099 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD1GR UT WOS:000358003400003 ER PT S AU Schoening, JR Duff, DK Hines, DA Riser, KM Pham, T Stolovy, GH Houser, J Rudnicki, R Ganger, R James, A Nagler, E AF Schoening, James R. Duff, Danielle K. Hines, Dorothy A. Riser, Keith M. Tien Pham Stolovy, Gary H. Houser, Jeff Rudnicki, Ronald Ganger, Robert James, Alex Nagler, Eric BE Pham, T Kolodny, MA TI PEP Fusion via Enterprise Ontology SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR VI CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Intelligence; alignment; fusion; ontology; PED; sensors; data; triples; inferencing; entity and event resolution; analytics; API; DoD; bandwidth AB In the Army Intelligence domain, Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination (PED) is the process that is used to convert and collect information into actionable intelligence and then distribute this intelligence appropriately to those who make decisions and execute the tasks and missions that this intelligence process supports. In today's Intelligence domain, information is gathered from an abundance of sources and these sensors create an exponential amount of data output. PED is a time sensitive process, which is also constrained by manpower and the extremely limited tactical bandwidth. Currently, PED is primarily a higher echelon activity, but as information gathering increases at the platforms it makes sense to automate PED tasks and execute these tasks closer to the sensor sources. Providing an architecture that will allow for processing sensor data more intelligently at various locations within the Intel network to include: on-board a UAV or vehicle, COIST, and higher echelons can help to alleviate these constraints by positioning the sensor fusion as close as possible to minimize bandwidth utilization. However, this architecture will implicitly need a way to share data to enable fusion. While any given mission may require fusion of just a few sensor data sources, which can be accomplished with point-to-point integration, this approach does not scale and is not maintainable, since the range of all missions will require a combination of any number of data sources and this approach will most likely require extra development to handle new sources. Therefore, there needs to be a way to share and reuse date that is extensible, maintainable, and not tied to any one mission type. This approach will reduce duplication, provide common patterns for accessing information and support future growth. This paper describes how a common ontology can be used to transform intelligence data from any number of disparate sources to a higher level of integration where one uses the logical understanding of the domain to share knowledge between sources. This paper will discuss sensor ontology efforts to date, introduce the Common Core Ontologies which provide the common upper and mid-level semantics which are inherited by domain level ontologies and describe future experimentation. The paper will discuss the role of the Common Core Ontologies development and governance practices in producing a logically consistent data set, which can be accessed through a single API. By utilizing this approach, sensor outputs can be fused using inferencing, entity and event resolution, and other 3rd party analytic apps Finally, the paper will also describe how ontologies are leveraged to enable tasking, analytics, rules based reasoning, and distributed processing which are functional components currently being utilized or developed to support the PED process. C1 [Schoening, James R.; Duff, Danielle K.; Hines, Dorothy A.; Riser, Keith M.] US Army CERDEC Intelligence & Informat Warfare Di, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. [Tien Pham; Stolovy, Gary H.; Houser, Jeff] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Rudnicki, Ronald; Ganger, Robert; James, Alex; Nagler, Eric] CUBRC, New York, NY USA. RP Schoening, JR (reprint author), US Army CERDEC Intelligence & Informat Warfare Di, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-580-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9464 AR 94640D DI 10.1117/12.2182064 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD1GR UT WOS:000358003400007 ER PT S AU Yun, P Siu, K Willson, P Fitzsimmons, F AF Yun, Paul Siu, King Willson, P. Fitzsimmons, F. BE Pham, T Kolodny, MA TI Binocular Link Smartphone System SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR VI CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB Current US Army issued binoculars lack the digital capabilities of today's electro-optic devices. By linking traditional optical binoculars with a smartphone, users can take advantage of the smartphone's digital camera. Live images viewed through the binocular can be captured as an image or recorded as video in real time. Additional capabilities of the Smartphone can be utilized such as, digital zoom on top of the binoculars optical magnification, GPS for geo-tagging information, wireless communication for transmission of recorded data, etc. The linking of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) smartphones with optical based binoculars has shown enormous potential including persistent ISR capability. The paper discusses the demonstration, results and lessons learned of B-LINK-S applications. C1 [Yun, Paul; Siu, King; Willson, P.; Fitzsimmons, F.] US Army RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Yun, P (reprint author), US Army RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-580-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9464 AR 94640W DI 10.1117/12.2180512 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD1GR UT WOS:000358003400020 ER PT S AU Browning, T Jackson, C Cayci, F Carhart, GW Liu, JJ Kiamilev, F AF Browning, Tyler Jackson, Christopher Cayci, Furkan Carhart, Gary W. Liu, J. Jiang Kiamilev, Fouad BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Hanson, CM Norton, PR TI Hardware acceleration of lucky-region fusion (LRF) algorithm for high-performance real-time video processing SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XLI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Lucky region fusion; imaging through turbulence; real-time video processing; GPU; FPGA; image stabilization ID IMAGE; TURBULENCE; TELESCOPE AB "Lucky-region" fusion (LRF) is a synthetic imaging technique that has proven successful in enhancing the quality of images distorted by atmospheric turbulence. The LRF algorithm extracts sharp regions of an image obtained from a series of short exposure frames from fast, high-resolution image sensors, and fuses the sharp regions into a final, improved image. In our previous research, the LRF algorithm had been implemented on CPU and field programmable gate array (FPGA) platforms. The CPU did not have sufficient processing power to handle real-time processing of video. Last year, we presented a real-time LRF implementation using an FPGA. However, due to the slow register-transfer level (RTL) development and simulation time, it was difficult to adjust and discover optimal LRF settings such as Gaussian kernel radius and synthetic frame buffer size. To overcome this limitation, we implemented the LRF algorithm on an off-the-shelf graphical processing unit (GPU) in order to take advantage of built-in parallelization and significantly faster development time. Our initial results show that the unoptimized GPU implementation has almost comparable turbulence mitigation to the FPGA version. In our presentation, we will explore optimization of the LRF algorithm on the GPU to achieve higher performance results, and adding new performance capabilities such as image stabilization. C1 [Browning, Tyler; Jackson, Christopher; Cayci, Furkan; Kiamilev, Fouad] Univ Delaware, Dept ECE, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Carhart, Gary W.; Liu, J. Jiang] Army Res Lab, RDRLCIE S, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Browning, T (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept ECE, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-567-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9451 AR 94512G DI 10.1117/12.2085864 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0QG UT WOS:000357568500078 ER PT S AU Choi, KK Sun, J Olver, K AF Choi, K. K. Sun, J. Olver, K. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Hanson, CM Norton, PR TI Resonator-QWIP FPA development SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XLI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE QWIP; resonance; FPA; electromagnetic; modeling; quantum efficiency AB Previously, we adopted the resonator-QWIPs and increased the FPA QE to 30 - 40%. In this work, we performed a systematic theoretical analysis on the potential performance based on this new detector structure. In this analysis, the doping density and the number of quantum wells are varied to obtain different detector characteristics. For 25 mu m pixel pitch, 10 Me- integrated charge, and F/2 optics, the analysis shows that a 9.2 mu m cutoff R-QWIP optimized for high temperature operation could provide 20 mK NE Delta T at tau(int) = 2.6 ms when operating at T = 80 K. An R-QWIP with a 10.2 mu m cutoff could achieve the same with tau(int) = 1.3 ms at T = 74 K. Similar NE Delta T can also be achieved with smaller pixel pitch down to 6 mu m for both cutoffs with a more relaxed operating condition where the f-number is 1, tau(int) is 5 ms, and T is 70 K. We provide preliminary test detector data to support this analysis. C1 [Choi, K. K.; Sun, J.; Olver, K.] US Army Res Lab, Elect Opt & Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Elect Opt & Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM kwong.k.choi.civ@mail.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-567-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9451 AR 94512K DI 10.1117/12.2176446 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0QG UT WOS:000357568500080 ER PT J AU Capo-Aponte, JE Jurek, GM Walsh, DV Temme, LA Ahroon, WA Riggs, DW AF Capo-Aponte, Jose E. Jurek, Gina M. Walsh, David V. Temme, Leonard A. Ahroon, William A. Riggs, Daniel W. TI vbEffects of repetitive low-level blast exposure on visual systems and ocular structures SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE accommodation; blast; Cone Contrast Test; endothelial cell density; frequency doubling technique; military; oculomotor function; pachymetry; specular microscopy; stereopsis ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; COLOR-VISION; MOUSE MODEL; DYSFUNCTION; EYE; QUANTIFICATION; SYMPTOMS; DAMAGE AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether repetitive exposure to low-level blasts during military breacher training produces acute and cumulative damage to the ocular tissues or visual system. The effects of low-level blast exposure on high-contrast visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, oculomotor function, color vision, visual field (VF), pupillary light reflex, corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and cup-to-disc ratio were assessed using a battery of standard clinical ophthalmic tests administered 10 times over a 2-year period. Data from nine male breacher instructors (Cadre) were compared with data from four male breacher engineers (Control). The Cadre group showed higher vertical deviation at near than the Control group over time. The VF mean deviation on the left eye tended to be worse in the Cadre group throughout the study, suggesting a decrease in VF sensitivity (Cadre: -0.20 +/- 0.15 dB; Control: 1.05 +/- 0.15 dB; p = 0.03). The Cadre group had a reduced ECD (right eye: Cadre 2,478 cells/mm(2) vs Control 2,808 cells/mm(2), p = 0.02; left eye: Cadre 2,562 cells/mm(2) vs Control 2,892 cells/mm(2), p = 0.03). These results suggest that even low-level primary blast has the potential to produce occult eye injury. C1 [Capo-Aponte, Jose E.; Jurek, Gina M.; Walsh, David V.; Temme, Leonard A.; Ahroon, William A.; Riggs, Daniel W.] US Army Aeromed Res Lab, Sensory Res Div, Ft Rucker, AL USA. [Capo-Aponte, Jose E.] Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Optometry, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. RP Capo-Aponte, JE (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Optometry, 2817 Reilly Rd, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. EM jose.e.capoaponte.mil@mail.mil FU U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory; DoD Intramural War Supplemental Program [W81XWH-09-2-0192]; Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory FX This material was based on work supported by the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (Dr. Capo-Aponte) and DoD Intramural War Supplemental Program (grant W81XWH-09-2-0192) (Dr. Ahroon). This research was also sponsored in part by the appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education through an interagency agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy and USAMRMC. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 EI 1938-1352 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2015 VL 52 IS 3 BP 273 EP 290 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2014.09.0204 PG 18 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA CN0NR UT WOS:000358111100003 PM 26237153 ER PT S AU Conroy, J Gremillion, G Mathis, A Nothwang, W AF Conroy, Joseph Gremillion, Greg Mathis, Allison Nothwang, William BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI An Analysis of Small Target Feature Detection Limits using Optic Flow SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VII CY APR 20-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE visual perception; optic flow; motion field AB The neurophysiology of insects suggests that they are able to track conspecifics, which manifest as small targets, against a variety of backgrounds with ease. This perception occurs at the same stage as motion perception suggesting a role for optic flow in target discrimination. Optic flow also is an attractive method of perception for visual system design due to the possibility of parallel processing that lends itself to implementation in hardware acceleration. This paper investigates some of the limits for reliable target discrimination solely from an optic flow field which are dependent on algorithm parameters, the nature of the target, and imager noise properties. C1 [Conroy, Joseph; Gremillion, Greg; Mathis, Allison; Nothwang, William] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Conroy, J (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-583-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9467 AR 94671Q DI 10.1117/12.2179259 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BD0IX UT WOS:000357259000035 ER PT S AU Gremillion, G Humbert, JS AF Gremillion, Gregory Humbert, James Sean BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI Bio-Inspired Sensing and Control for Disturbance Rejection and Stabilization SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VII CY APR 20-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID OPTIC FLOW; INTERNEURONS AB The successful operation of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) in dynamic environments demands robust stability in the presence of exogenous disturbances. Flying insects are sensor-rich platforms, with highly redundant arrays of sensors distributed across the insect body that are integrated to extract rich information with diminished noise. This work presents a novel sensing framework in which measurements from an array of accelerometers distributed across a simulated flight vehicle are linearly combined to directly estimate the applied forces and torques with improvements in SNR. In simulation, the estimation performance is quantified as a function of sensor noise level, position estimate error, and sensor quantity. C1 [Gremillion, Gregory] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Gremillion, Gregory; Humbert, James Sean] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gremillion, G (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM gregory.m.gremillion.ctr@mail.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-583-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9467 AR 94671O DI 10.1117/12.2178270 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BD0IX UT WOS:000357259000033 ER PT S AU Holthoff, EL Marcus, LS Pellegrino, PM AF Holthoff, Ellen L. Marcus, Logan S. Pellegrino, Paul M. BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI Toward the Realization of a Compact Chemical Sensor Platform using Quantum Cascade Lasers SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VII CY APR 20-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Photoacoustic spectroscopy; sensor; quantum cascade laser; MEMS ID PHOTOACOUSTIC-SPECTROSCOPY; MINIATURIZATION; INTEGRATION; CELL AB The Army is investigating several spectroscopic techniques (e.g., infrared spectroscopy) that could allow for an adaptable sensor platform. Traditionally, chemical sensing platforms have been hampered by the opposing concerns of increasing sensor capability while maintaining a minimal package size. Current sensors, although reasonably sized, are geared to more classical chemical threats, and the ability to expand their capabilities to a broader range of emerging threats is uncertain. Recently, photoacoustic spectroscopy, employed in a sensor format, has shown enormous potential to address these ever-changing threats, while maintaining a compact sensor design. In order to realize the advantage of photoacoustic sensor miniaturization, light sources of comparable size are required. Recent research has employed quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in combination with MEMS-scale photoacoustic cell designs. The continuous tuning capability of QCLs over a broad wavelength range in the mid-infrared spectral region greatly expands the number of compounds that can be identified. Results have demonstrated that utilizing a tunable QCL with a MEMS-scale photoacoustic cell produces favorable detection limits (ppb levels) for chemical targets (e.g., dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), vinyl acetate, 1,4-dioxane). Although our chemical sensing research has benefitted from the broad tuning capabilities of QCLs, the limitations of these sources must be considered. Current commercially available tunable systems are still expensive and obviously geared more toward laboratory operation, not fielding. Although the laser element itself is quite small, the packaging, power supply, and controller remain logistical burdens. Additionally, operational features such as continuous wave (CW) modulation and laser output powers while maintaining wide tunability are not yet ideal for a variety of sensing applications. In this paper, we will discuss our continuing evaluation of QCL technology as it matures in relation to our ultimate goal of a universal compact chemical sensor platform. C1 [Holthoff, Ellen L.; Marcus, Logan S.; Pellegrino, Paul M.] US Army Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Holthoff, EL (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-583-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9467 AR 94672Q DI 10.1117/12.2178533 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BD0IX UT WOS:000357259000065 ER PT S AU O'Regan, T Perconti, P AF O'Regan, Terrance Perconti, Philip BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI 2D electronic materials for Army applications SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VII CY APR 20-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE 2D electronic materials; army applications; size-weight-and-power-cost (SWAP-C); graphene; molybdenum disulfide; hexagonal boron nitride; soldier requirements; flexible electronics AB The record electronic properties achieved in monolayer graphene and related 2D materials such as molybdenum disulfide and hexagonal boron nitride show promise for revolutionary high-speed and low-power electronic devices. Heterogeneous 2D-stacked materials may create enabling technology for future communication and computation applications to meet soldier requirements. For instance, transparent, flexible and even wearable systems may become feasible. With soldier and squad level electronic power demands increasing, the Army is committed to developing and harnessing graphene-like 2D materials for compact low size-weight-and-power-cost (SWAP-C) systems. This paper will review developments in 2D electronic materials at the Army Research Laboratory over the last five years and discuss directions for future army applications. C1 [O'Regan, Terrance; Perconti, Philip] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP O'Regan, T (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM terrance.p.oregan.civ@mail.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-583-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9467 AR 94670S DI 10.1117/12.2178401 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BD0IX UT WOS:000357259000018 ER PT S AU Zhang, YS Wang, YC Murray, CK Hamblin, MR Gu, Y Dai, TH AF Zhang, Yunsong Wang, Yucheng Murray, Clinton K. Hamblin, Michael R. Gu, Ying Dai, Tianhong BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI Antimicrobial blue light therapy for Candida albicans burn infection in mice SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VII CY APR 20-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Photodynamic inactivation; endogenous porphyrins; fungus; animal model; bioluminescence imagining ID MRSA IN-VITRO; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; BACTERIA; INACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; BIOFILM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MECHANISMS AB In this preclinical study, we investigated the utility of antimicrobial blue light therapy for Candida albicans infection in acutely burned mice. A bioluminescent strain of C. albicans was used. The susceptibilities to blue light inactivation were compared between C. albicans and human keratinocyte. In vitro serial passaging of C. albicans on blue light exposure was performed to evaluate the potential development of resistance to blue light inactivation. A mouse model of acute thermal burn injury infected with the bioluminescent strain of C. albicans was developed. Blue light (415 nm) was delivered to mouse burns for decolonization of C. albicans. Bioluminescence imaging was used to monitor in real time the extent of fungal infection in mouse burns. Experimental results showed that C. albicans was approximately 42-fold more susceptible to blue light inactivation in vitro than human keratinocyte (P=0.0022). Serial passaging of C. albicans on blue light exposure implied a tendency for the fungal susceptibility to blue light inactivation to decrease with the numbers of passages. Blue light reduced fungal burden by over 4-log10 (99.99%) in acute mouse burns infected with C. albicans in comparison to infected mouse burns without blue light therapy (P=0.015). C1 [Zhang, Yunsong] Jinan Univ, Guangzhou Red Cross Hosp, Dept Burn & Plast Surg, Guangzhou 510760, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yunsong; Wang, Yucheng; Hamblin, Michael R.; Dai, Tianhong] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Wellman Ctr Photomed, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Zhang, Yunsong; Wang, Yucheng; Hamblin, Michael R.; Dai, Tianhong] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wang, Yucheng; Gu, Ying] Chinese Peoples Liberat Army Gen Hosp, Dept Laser Med, Beijing 100853, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yucheng] Nankai Univ, Coll Med, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [Murray, Clinton K.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Zhang, YS (reprint author), Jinan Univ, Guangzhou Red Cross Hosp, Dept Burn & Plast Surg, Guangzhou 510760, Guangdong, Peoples R China. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-583-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9467 AR 94670K DI 10.1117/12.2178232 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BD0IX UT WOS:000357259000014 ER PT S AU Armstrong, C Brown, RM Chaves, J Czerniejewski, A Del Vecchio, J Perkins, TK Rudnicki, R Tauer, G AF Armstrong, Chandler Brown, Ryan M. Chaves, Jillian Czerniejewski, Adam Del Vecchio, Justin Perkins, Timothy K. Rudnicki, Ron Tauer, Greg BE Broome, BD Hanratty, TP Hall, DL Llinas, J TI Next Generation Data Harmonization SO NEXT-GENERATION ANALYST III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Analyst III CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE ontologies; data harmonization; alignment; rdf; analytics AB Analysts are presented with a never ending stream of data sources. Often, subsets of data sources to solve problems are easily identified but the process to align data sets is time consuming. However, many semantic technologies do allow for fast harmonization of data to overcome these problems. These include ontologies that serve as alignment targets, visual tools and natural language processing that generate semantic graphs in terms of the ontologies, and analytics that leverage these graphs. This research reviews a developed prototype that employs all these approaches to perform analysis across disparate data sources documenting violent, extremist events. C1 [Brown, Ryan M.; Chaves, Jillian; Czerniejewski, Adam; Del Vecchio, Justin; Rudnicki, Ron; Tauer, Greg] CUBRC, Buffalo, NY 14225 USA. [Armstrong, Chandler; Perkins, Timothy K.] US Army Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Armstrong, C (reprint author), US Army Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. EM delvecchio@cubrc.org NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-615-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9499 AR 94990D DI 10.1117/12.2180458 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD1GS UT WOS:000358004600012 ER PT S AU Casini, E Suri, N Bradshaw, JM AF Casini, Enrico Suri, Niranjan Bradshaw, Jeffrey M. BE Broome, BD Hanratty, TP Hall, DL Llinas, J TI Leveraging Human Oversight and Intervention in Large-Scale Parallel Processing of Open-source Data SO NEXT-GENERATION ANALYST III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Analyst III CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Open-source data processing; human-machine teamwork; human-in-the-loop architectures; parallel processing; data pipelines; decision-making; Map-Reduce; Hadoop AB The popularity of cloud computing along with the increased availability of cheap storage have led to the necessity of elaboration and transformation of large volumes of open-source data, all in parallel. One way to handle such extensive volumes of information properly is to take advantage of distributed computing frameworks like Map-Reduce. Unfortunately, an entirely automated approach that excludes human intervention is often unpredictable and error prone. Highly accurate data processing and decision-making can be achieved by supporting an automatic process through human collaboration, in a variety of environments such as warfare, cyber security and threat monitoring. Although this mutual participation seems easily exploitable, human-machine collaboration in the field of data analysis presents several challenges. First, due to the asynchronous nature of human intervention, it is necessary to verify that once a correction is made, all the necessary reprocessing is done in chain. Second, it is often needed to minimize the amount of reprocessing in order to optimize the usage of resources due to limited availability. In order to improve on these strict requirements, this paper introduces improvements to an innovative approach for human-machine collaboration in the processing of large amounts of open-source data in parallel. C1 [Casini, Enrico; Suri, Niranjan; Bradshaw, Jeffrey M.] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. [Suri, Niranjan] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Casini, E (reprint author), Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-615-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9499 AR 94990K DI 10.1117/12.2177264 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD1GS UT WOS:000358004600018 ER PT S AU Kase, SE Roy, H Cassenti, DN AF Kase, Sue E. Roy, Heather Cassenti, Daniel N. BE Broome, BD Hanratty, TP Hall, DL Llinas, J TI Visualizing Approaches for Displaying Measures of Sentiment SO NEXT-GENERATION ANALYST III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Analyst III CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Visualization; Sentiment Analysis; Text analytics AB The overall purpose of intelligence analysis platforms is to extract key information from multi-source data. Ultimately, these systems are meant to save intelligence analysts time and effort by offering knowledge discovery capabilities. However, intelligence analysis platforms only assist analysts to the extent they are designed with human factors in mind Poorly designed intelligence analysis platforms can hinder the knowledge discovery process, or worse, promote the misinterpretation of analysis results. Future intelligence systems must be critical enablers for improving speed, efficiency, and effectiveness of command-level decision making Human-centered research is needed to address the challenge of visualizing large data collections to facilitate orientation and context, enable the discovery and selection of relevant information, and provide dynamic feedback for identifying changes in the state of a targeted region or topic. From the perspective of the 'Human as a Data Explorer,' this study investigates the visual presentation of intelligence information to support timely and accurate decision making The investigation is a starting point in understanding the rich and varied set of information visualizations sponsored by the Army in recent years. A human-subjects experiment explores two visualization approaches against a control condition for displaying sentiment about a set of topics with an emphasis on the performance metrics of decision accuracy and response time. The resulting data analysis is the first in a series of experiments providing input for technology development informing future interface designs and system prototypes. C1 [Kase, Sue E.; Roy, Heather] Army Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001 USA. [Cassenti, Daniel N.] Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Kase, SE (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-615-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9499 AR 94990H DI 10.1117/12.2176218 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD1GS UT WOS:000358004600015 ER PT S AU Kovach, J Sadler, L Suri, N Winkler, R AF Kovach, Jesse Sadler, Laurel Suri, Niranjan Winkler, Robert BE Broome, BD Hanratty, TP Hall, DL Llinas, J TI Addressing Information Management and Dissemination Challenges for the Next Generation Analyst SO NEXT-GENERATION ANALYST III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Analyst III CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Sensor Data Dissemination; Sensor Data Retrieval; Value of Information; Anomaly Detection; Tactical Networking Environments ID TACTICAL ENVIRONMENTS OBSERVATIONS; EXPERIENCES AB Recent technological advances in the areas of sensors, computation, and storage have led to the development of relatively inexpensive sensors that have been deployed on a wide scale and are able to generate large volumes of data. However, tactical networks have not been able to keep pace in terms of their ability to transfer all of the sensor data from the edge to an operations center for analysis. This paper explores multiple techniques to help bridge this gap, by using a three-pronged approach based on value of information-based dissemination, active sensor query capabilities, and anomaly detection mechanisms These capabilities are being integrated into an open-source sensor platform deployed in a testbed environment for evaluation purposes. C1 [Kovach, Jesse; Sadler, Laurel; Suri, Niranjan; Winkler, Robert] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Suri, Niranjan] Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. RP Kovach, J (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-615-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9499 AR 94990C DI 10.1117/12.2184176 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD1GS UT WOS:000358004600011 ER PT S AU Mott, DH Shemanski, DR Giammanco, C Braines, D AF Mott, David H. Shemanski, Donald R. Giammanco, Cheryl Braines, Dave BE Broome, BD Hanratty, TP Hall, DL Llinas, J TI Collaborative human-machine analysis using a Controlled Natural Language SO NEXT-GENERATION ANALYST III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Analyst III CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Problem Solving; Conceptual Modelling and Reasoning; Collaborative Cognition; Controlled Natural Language; Analytic Pitfalls; Rationale AB A key aspect of an analyst's task in providing relevant information from data is the reasoning about the implications of that data, in order to build a picture of the real world situation. This requires human cognition, based upon domain knowledge about individuals, events and environmental conditions. For a computer system to collaborate with an analyst, it must be capable of following a similar reasoning process to that of the analyst. We describe ITA Controlled English (CE), a subset of English to represent analyst's domain knowledge and reasoning, in a form that it is understandable by both analyst and machine. CE can be used to express domain rules, background data, assumptions and inferred conclusions, thus supporting human-machine interaction. A CE reasoning and modeling system can perform inferences from the data and provide the user with conclusions together with their rationale. We present a logical problem called the "Analysis Game", used for training analysts, which presents "analytic pitfalls" inherent in many problems. We explore an iterative approach to its representation in CE, where a person can develop an understanding of the problem solution by incremental construction of relevant concepts and rules. We discuss how such interactions might occur, and propose that such techniques could lead to better collaborative tools to assist the analyst and avoid the "pitfalls". C1 [Mott, David H.; Braines, Dave] IBM United Kingdom Ltd, Emerging Technol Serv, Winchester, Hants, England. [Shemanski, Donald R.] Penn State Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Giammanco, Cheryl] US Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Mott, DH (reprint author), IBM United Kingdom Ltd, Emerging Technol Serv, Winchester, Hants, England. EM mottd@uk.ibm.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-615-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9499 AR 94990J DI 10.1117/12.2180121 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD1GS UT WOS:000358004600017 ER PT S AU Hedden, AS Wikner, DA Bradley, RW AF Hedden, Abigail S. Wikner, David A. Bradley, Russell W. BE Wikner, DA Luukanen, AR TI Summary and analysis of 216 GHz polarimetric measurements of in-situ rain SO PASSIVE AND ACTIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive and Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging XVIII CY APR 23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE millimeter wave propagation; backscatter; rain; millimeter wave radar; radar polarimetry ID BACKSCATTER AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has developed a polarimetric frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) instrumentation radar that has been used to study the polarization and backscatter properties of in-situ rain in the 220 GHz atmospheric window. A summary of the preliminary measurements is presented in this work including an analysis of the co-polarization backscatter and attenuation characteristics measured at 216 GHz. A marginal detection of the co-polarization backscatter signature of rain was made during a series of fast-moving, heavy downpour thunderstorm events. A detection limit of -40 +/- 3 dB[m(2)/m(3)] was found for the VV-polarization cross section per unit volume for rain rates up to 150 mm/hr. Co-polarization (VV- and HH-polarization) attenuation characteristics measured at high rain rates (> 20 mm/hr) were well described by a Joss thunderstorm drop distribution in the high frequency limit, where drop size is much greater than the observation wavelength. Observations at 216 GHz suggest attenuation levels of 8-10 dB/km at rain rates above 20 mm/hr, strengthening previous evidence that attenuation through rain is independent of frequency under high rain rate conditions. Attenuation measurements at lower rain rates (< 20 mm/hr) were qualitatively consistent with both Laws and Parsons and Joss thunderstorm distributions. C1 [Hedden, Abigail S.; Wikner, David A.; Bradley, Russell W.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Bradley, Russell W.] Virginia Tech Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hedden, AS (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM abigail.s.hedden.civ@mail.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-578-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9462 AR 94620G DI 10.1117/12.2177805 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0QE UT WOS:000357564200009 ER PT S AU Balu, R AF Balu, Radhakrishnan BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Hayduk, M TI Quantum probabilistic logic programming SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation XIII CY APR 22-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE quantum probability; first order; logic theorem proving least Herbrand models AB We describe a quantum mechanics based logic programming language that supports Horn clauses, random variables, and covariance matrices to express and solve problems in probabilistic logic. The Horn clauses of the language wrap random variables, including infinite valued, to express probability distributions and statistical correlations, a powerful feature to capture relationship between distributions that are not independent. The expressive power of the language is based on a mechanism to implement statistical ensembles and to solve the underlying SAT instances using quantum mechanical machinery. We exploit the fact that classical random variables have quantum decompositions to build the Horn clauses. We establish the semantics of the language in a rigorous fashion by considering an existing probabilistic logic language called PRISM with classical probability measures defined on the Herbrand base and extending it to the quantum context. In the classical case H-interpretations form the sample space and probability measures defined on them lead to consistent definition of probabilities for well formed formulae. In the quantum counterpart, we define probability amplitudes on H-interpretations facilitating the model generations and verifications via quantum mechanical superpositions and entanglements. We cast the well formed formulae of the language as quantum mechanical observables thus providing an elegant interpretation for their probabilities. We discuss several examples to combine statistical ensembles and predicates of first order logic to reason with situations involving uncertainty. C1 US Army, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, ATTN CIH N, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Balu, R (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, ATTN CIH N, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM radhakrishnan.balu.civ@mail.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-616-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9500 AR 950011 DI 10.1117/12.2176986 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD1CK UT WOS:000357930800024 ER PT S AU Damarla, T AF Damarla, Thyagaraju BE Carapezza, EM TI Performance of a Buried Microphone to Detect Voice and Footsteps SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY, DEFENSE, AND LAW ENFORCEMENT XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Security, Defense, and Law Enforcement XIV CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Seismic sensor; buried microphone; footfalls; culvert; activity detection AB Majority of the unattended ground sensors (UGS) use both acoustic and seismic sensors to detect various targets, namely, people, vehicles, etc. The UGS once deployed should for several months before changing the batteries. This implies use of fewer sensors may result in longer UGS life. Towards this goal, we are exploring the possibility of buried microphone to perform the task of both seismic and microphone functions. In this paper, we analyze the performance of a buried microphone to detect voice and footsteps. C1 US Army Res Lab, Networked Sensing & Fus Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Damarla, T (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Networked Sensing & Fus Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM thyagaraju.damarla.civ@mail.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-572-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9456 AR 94560E DI 10.1117/12.2176197 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD0QH UT WOS:000357569500008 ER PT S AU West, A Mellini, M AF West, Aaron Mellini, Mark BE Carapezza, EM TI Remote Ballistic Emplacement of an Electro Optical and Acoustic Target Detection and Localization System SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY, DEFENSE, AND LAW ENFORCEMENT XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Security, Defense, and Law Enforcement XIV CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE acoustic sensors; NettWarrior; hostile fire detection; smart sensors; acoustic detection and localization systems; acoustically cued camera; EO and acoustic target detection and localization system AB Near real time situational awareness in uncontrolled non line of sight (NLOS) and beyond line of sight (BLOS) environments is critical in the asymmetric battlefield of future conflicts. The ability to detect and accurately locate hostile forces in difficult terrain or urban environments can dramatically increase the survivability and effectiveness of dismounted soldiers, especially when they are limited to the resources available only to the small unit. The Sensor Mortar Network (SMortarNet) is a 60mm Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) mortar designed to give the Squad near real time situational awareness in uncontrolled NLOS environments. SMortarNet is designed to track targets both acoustically and electro optically and can fuse tracks between, the acoustic, EO, and magnetic modalities on board. The system is linked to other mortar nodes and the user via a masterless frequency hopping spread spectrum ad-hoc mesh radio network. This paper will discuss SMortarNet in the context of a squad level dismounted soldier, its technical capabilities, and its benefit to the small unit Warfighter. The challenges with ballistic remote emplacement of sensitive components and the on board signal processing capabilities of the system will also be covered. The paper will also address how the sensor network can be integrated with existing soldier infrastructure, such as the NettWarrior platform, for rapid transition to soldier systems. Networks of low power sensors can have many forms, but the more practical networks for warfighters are ad hoc radio-based systems that can be rapidly deployed and can leverage a range of assets available at a given time. The low power long life networks typically have limited bandwidth and may have unreliable communication depending on the network health, which makes autonomous sensors a critical component of the network. SMortarNet reduces data to key information features at the sensor itself. The smart sensing approach enables significant data reduction before transmission, to facilitate sharing data among sensors in challenging environments, without requiring high bandwidth communication channels. When required by the user, SMortarNet can transmit full frame images and streaming audio by using the full network bandwidth. C1 [West, Aaron; Mellini, Mark] US Army RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP West, A (reprint author), US Army RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM aaron.m.west19.civ@mail.mil; mark.a.mellini.civ@mail.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-572-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9456 AR 94560Z DI 10.1117/12.2182162 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD0QH UT WOS:000357569500024 ER PT J AU Shoop, SA Kestler, MA AF Shoop, Sally A. Kestler, Maureen A. TI Updating Side Friction Factors for Design of Unpaved Roads SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Traction coefficients are used in the calculations required for safe geometric road design, including stopping sight distance and horizontal curve alignment. Friction factors are based on traction coefficients for low-volume roads provided in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (FS) Road Preconstruction Handbook and are also referenced by the AASHTO Guidelines for Geometric Design of Very Low-Volume Local Roads (ADT <= 400). These traction values are based on measurements from the 1950s to the 1970s. However, tire design, construction, and even test methods have changed considerably since then. To evaluate the validity of the design coefficients, and to determine replacement values or ranges, a literature search, data mining, and a limited test program were conducted by the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory and FS. This paper presents existing FS handbook values and design guidelines, updated values collected from the literature, and new measurements taken on gravel and snow-covered roads. For longitudinal friction traction, updated values are similar to the FS handbook values, except for asphalt and gravel, which has presented friction values up to 30% and 100% higher, respectively. Lateral traction shows even higher values for gravel and snow, being 2 to 2.5 times as high as the handbook's median values. Fortunately, these differences err on the side of safety. Future evaluations should consider the impact of the higher values on road design, operations, and economics to see whether a change is warranted. Testing of additional surfaces is recommended, as are measurements that use a wider range of tires and vehicles. C1 [Shoop, Sally A.] US Army Corps Engnineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Kestler, Maureen A.] US Forest Serv, San Dimas Technol & Dev Ctr, San Dimas, CA 91773 USA. RP Shoop, SA (reprint author), US Army Corps Engnineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Sally.a.shoop@usace.army.mil FU USDA Forest Service San Dimas Technology and Development Center; FHWA Federal Lands Highway Office Coordinated Technology Implementation Program FX This project was proposed by Marie Messing of the USDA Forest Service, Alaska Region. Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service San Dimas Technology and Development Center and the FHWA Federal Lands Highway Office Coordinated Technology Implementation Program. Field assistance was provided by Jesse Stanley, Andrew Franco, Kelley MacDonald, Charles Smith, and Bill Burch of CRREL. Insight into the nature of the problem and design methods was provided by Jeff Halbrook and Ervin Brooks of the USDA Forest Service. Discussions on similar testing in Canada were provided by Al Bradley of FPInnovations. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2015 IS 2472 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.3141/2472-03 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA CM5WQ UT WOS:000357760100004 ER PT S AU Byl, K Satzinger, B Strizic, T Terry, P Pusey, J AF Byl, Katie Satzinger, Brian Strizic, Tom Terry, Pat Pusey, Jason BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI Toward agile control of a flexible-spine model for quadruped bounding SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XVII CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB Legged systems should exploit non-steady gaits both for improved recovery from unexpected perturbations and also to enlarge the set of reachable states toward negotiating a range of known upcoming terrain obstacles. We present a 4-link planar, bounding, quadruped model with compliance in its legs and spine and describe design of an intuitive and effective low-level gait controller. We extend our previous work on meshing hybrid dynamic systems and demonstrate that our control strategy results in stable gaits with meshable, low-dimension step-to-step variability. This meshability is a first step toward enabling switching control, to increase stability after perturbations compared with any single gait control, and we describe how this framework can also be used to find the set of n-step reachable states. Finally, we propose new guidelines for quantifying "agility" for legged robots, providing a preliminary framework for quantifying and improving performance of legged systems. C1 [Byl, Katie; Satzinger, Brian; Strizic, Tom; Terry, Pat] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Robot Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Pusey, Jason] Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Byl, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Robot Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-584-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9468 AR 94680C DI 10.1117/12.2177432 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BD0SE UT WOS:000357636900009 ER PT S AU Chu, D Jiang, R Dunbar, Z Grew, K McClure, J AF Chu, Deryn Jiang, R. Dunbar, Z. Grew, Kyle McClure, J. BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI Fuel Cell Powered Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) For Extended Endurance Flights SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XVII CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB Small unmanned aerial systems (UASs) have been used for military applications and have additional potential for commercial applications [1-4]. For the military, these systems provide valuable intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and target acquisition (ISRTA) capabilities for units at the infantry, battalion, and company levels. The small UASs are light-weight, manportable, can be hand-launched, and are capable of carrying payloads. Currently, most small UASs are powered by lithium-ion or lithium polymer batteries; however, the flight endurance is usually limited less than two hours and requires frequent battery replacement. Long endurance small UAS flights have been demonstrated through the implementation of a fuel cell system. For instance, a propane fueled solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack has been used to power a small UAS and shown to extend mission flight time. The research and development efforts presented here not only apply to small UASs, but also provide merit to the viability of extending mission operations for other unmanned systems applications. C1 [Chu, Deryn; Jiang, R.; Dunbar, Z.; Grew, Kyle; McClure, J.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chu, D (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM deryn.d.chu.civ@mail.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-584-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9468 AR 94680E DI 10.1117/12.2087336 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BD0SE UT WOS:000357636900011 ER PT S AU Edge, H Collins, J AF Edge, Harris Collins, Jason BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI Research for a Multi-modal Mobility and Manipulation Propulsion Core SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XVII CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE robot; unmanned aerial systems; propulsion; thrust vectoring; multi rotor; aircraft; autonomous systems AB There are many challenges for robotics, many of which may be placed in the context of robots acting as a teammate to Soldiers. In general one may see a robotic teammate as an unmanned system that complements a Soldier's capability, may perform some of the duties of a Soldier, or may actually protect the Soldier. There is much research that needs to be performed before robots are physically capable of performing as teammates to Soldiers in dynamic environments where speed matters, and in complex 3-D environments where navigation for today's robots is difficult. This research addresses a fundamental obstacle to addressing this issue, which is how to safely and cost effectively develop theory and controls for a new generation of robots that may operate at operations tempo (OPTEMPO) in dynamic complex 3-D environments. This paper documents design and fabrication of a research platform capable of demonstrating theory and control algorithms developed for highly dynamic robotics systems, which may need to navigate and perform a task in complex 3-D environments. The research platform has been designed to address challenging basic research in the areas of airborne manipulation, transition to and interaction with vertical surfaces, exploration of a constrained space such as urban environments (street level to rooftop), forests, and underground facilities. The platform will allow controls development and validation for a vehicle that's weight is at least partially supported by a propulsion system to perform work on the environment and/or an object within the environment. C1 [Edge, Harris; Collins, Jason] US Army, Res Lab, ATTN RDRL VTA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Edge, H (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, ATTN RDRL VTA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM harris.l.edge.civ@mail.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-584-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9468 AR 94680J DI 10.1117/12.2175835 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BD0SE UT WOS:000357636900015 ER PT S AU Goodman, JM Kim, J Gadsden, SA Wilkerson, SA AF Goodman, Jacob M. Kim, Jinho Gadsden, S. Andrew Wilkerson, Stephen A. BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI System and Mathematical Modeling of Quadrotor Dynamics SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XVII CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Multirotor; quadrotor; quadcopter; modeling; control; UAV; blade flapping AB Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are becoming increasingly visible in our daily lives; and range in operation from search and rescue, monitoring hazardous environments, and to the delivery of goods. One of the most popular UAS are based on a quad-rotor design. These are typically small devices that rely on four propellers for lift and movement. Quad-rotors are inherently unstable, and rely on advanced control methodologies to keep them operating safely and behaving in a predictable and desirable manner. The control of these devices can be enhanced and improved by making use of an accurate dynamic model. In this paper, we examine a simple quadrotor model, and note some of the additional dynamic considerations that were left out. We then compare simulation results of the simple model with that of another comprehensive model. C1 [Goodman, Jacob M.; Kim, Jinho; Gadsden, S. Andrew] Univ Maryland, Baltimore Cty UMBC, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Wilkerson, Stephen A.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. RP Goodman, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Baltimore Cty UMBC, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM jg4@umbc.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-584-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9468 AR 94680R DI 10.1117/12.2185196 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BD0SE UT WOS:000357636900021 ER PT S AU Lennon, C Bodt, B Childers, M Dean, R Oh, J DiBerardino, C Keegan, T AF Lennon, Craig Bodt, Barry Childers, Marshal Dean, Robert Oh, Jean DiBerardino, Chip Keegan, Terence BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI RCTA Capstone Assessment SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XVII CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Robotics; navigation; perception; autonomy; intelligence; pedestrian tracking AB The Army Research Laboratory's Robotics Collaborative Technology Alliance (RCTA) is a program intended to change robots from tools that soldiers use into teammates with which soldiers can work. This requires the integration of fundamental and applied research in perception, artificial intelligence, and human-robot interaction. In October of 2014, the RCTA assessed progress towards integrating this research. This assessment was designed to evaluate the robot's performance when it used new capabilities to perform selected aspects of a mission. The assessed capabilities included the ability of the robot to: navigate semantically outdoors with respect to structures and landmarks, identify doors in the facades of buildings, and identify and track persons emerging from those doors. We present details of the mission-based vignettes that constituted the assessment, and evaluations of the robot's performance in these vignettes. C1 [Lennon, Craig; Bodt, Barry; Childers, Marshal] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Dean, Robert; DiBerardino, Chip; Keegan, Terence] Gen Dynam Land Syst, Westminster, MD 21157 USA. [Oh, Jean] Natl Robot Engn Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15201 USA. RP Lennon, C (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 28000 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM craig.t.lennon.civ@mail.mil; rdean@gdrs.com; jeanoh@rec.ri.cmu.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-584-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9468 AR 94680A DI 10.1117/12.2179817 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BD0SE UT WOS:000357636900007 ER PT S AU Mikulski, DG Karlsen, RE AF Mikulski, Dariusz G. Karlsen, Robert E. BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI Trust-Based Learning and Behaviors for Convoy Obstacle Avoidance SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XVII CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Computational Trust; Incremental Learning; Autonomous Convoy; Obstacle Avoidance AB In many multi-agent systems, robots within the same team are regarded as being fully trustworthy for cooperative tasks. However, the assumption of trustworthiness is not always justified, which may not only increase the risk of mission failure, but also endanger the lives of friendly forces. In prior work, we addressed this issue by using RoboTrust to dynamically adjust to observed behaviors or recommendations in order to mitigate the risk of illegitimate behaviors. However, in those simulations, all members of the convoy had knowledge of the convoy goals. In this paper, only the lead vehicle has knowledge of the convoy goals and the follower vehicles must infer trustworthiness strictly from leader vehicle performance. RoboTrust also could only respond to observed performance and did not dynamically learn agent behavior. In this paper, however, we incorporate an adaptive agent-specific bias into the RoboTrust algorithm that modifies its trust dynamics. This bias is learned from agent interactions, allowing good agents to benefit from faster trust growth and slower trust decay and bad agents to be penalized with slower trust growth and faster trust decay. We then integrate this new trust model into a trust-based controller for decentralized autonomous convoy operations. We evaluate its performance in an obstacle avoidance mission, where the convoy attempts to learn the best speed and following distance combinations for an acceptable obstacle avoidance probability. C1 [Mikulski, Dariusz G.; Karlsen, Robert E.] US Army RDECOM TARDEC, Ground Vehicle Robot, Warren, MI 48092 USA. RP Mikulski, DG (reprint author), US Army RDECOM TARDEC, Ground Vehicle Robot, Warren, MI 48092 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-584-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9468 AR 94680L DI 10.1117/12.2179905 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BD0SE UT WOS:000357636900017 ER PT S AU Harding, TH Rash, CE McLean, WE Martin, JS AF Harding, Thomas H. Rash, Clarence E. McLean, William E. Martin, John S. BE Desjardins, DD Marasco, PL Sarma, KR Havig, PR Browne, MP Melzer, JE TI Impact of human factors, crashworthiness and optical performance design requirements on helmet-mounted display development from the 1970s to the present SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS IX; AND HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics IX and Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XX CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display (HMD); human factors engineering (HFE); design issues; human factors engineering (HFE); crash-worthiness; center-of-mass (CM); visual performance AB Driven by the operational needs of modern warfare, the helmet-mounted display (HMD) has matured from a revolutionary, but impractical, World War I era idea for an infantry marksman's helmet-mounted weapon delivery system to a sophisticated and ubiquitous display and targeting system that dominates current night warfighting operations. One of the most demanding applications for HMD designs has been in Army rotary-wing aviation, where HMDs offer greater direct access to visual information and increased situational awareness in an operational environment where information availability is critical on a second-to-second basis. However, over the past 40 years of extensive HMD development, a myriad of crashworthiness, optical, and human factors issues have both frustrated and challenged designers. While it may be difficult to attain a full consensus on which are the most important HMD design factors, certainly head-supported weight (HSW), exit pupil size, field-of-view, image resolution and physical eye relief have been among the most critical. A confounding factor has been the interrelationship between the many design issues, such as early attempts to use non-glass optical elements to lower HSW, but at the cost of image quality, and hence, pilot visual performance. This paper traces how the role of the demanding performance requirements placed on HMDs by the U.S. Army aviation community has impacted the progress of HMD designs towards the Holy Grail of HMD design: a wide field-of-view, high resolution, binocular, full-color, totally crashworthy system. C1 [Harding, Thomas H.; Martin, John S.] US Army Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. [Rash, Clarence E.; McLean, William E.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Harding, TH (reprint author), US Army Aeromed Res Lab, POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. EM Thomas.h.harding.civ@mail.mil NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-586-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9470 AR 94700U DI 10.1117/12.2176405 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD0OE UT WOS:000357466100018 ER PT S AU Kase, SE Roy, H Bowman, EK Patton, D AF Kase, Sue E. Roy, Heather Bowman, Elizabeth K. Patton, Debra BE Desjardins, DD Marasco, PL Sarma, KR Havig, PR Browne, MP Melzer, JE TI Augmented Reality Enabling Intelligence Exploitation at the Edge SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS IX; AND HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics IX; and Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XX CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Augmented reality; Head-mounted display; Wearable computing; Big data analytics AB Today's Warfighters need to make quick decisions while interacting in densely populated environments comprised of friendly, hostile, and neutral host nation locals. However, there is a gap in the real-time processing of big data streams for edge intelligence. We introduce a big data processing pipeline called ARTEA that ingests, monitors, and performs a variety of analytics including noise reduction, pattern identification, and trend and event detection in the context of an area of operations (AOR). Results of the analytics are presented to the Soldier via an augmented reality (AR) device Google Glass (Glass). Non-intrusive AR devices such as Glass can visually communicate contextually relevant alerts to the Soldier based on the current mission objectives, time, location, and observed or sensed activities. This real-time processing and AR presentation approach to knowledge discovery flattens the intelligence hierarchy enabling the edge Soldier to act as a vital and active participant in the analysis process. We report preliminary observations testing ARTEA and Glass in a document exploitation and person of interest scenario simulating edge Soldier participation in the intelligence process in disconnected deployment conditions. C1 [Kase, Sue E.; Roy, Heather; Bowman, Elizabeth K.] Army Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Tact Informat Fus Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001 USA. [Patton, Debra] Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Cognit Sci Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Kase, SE (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Tact Informat Fus Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-586-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9470 AR 94700C DI 10.1117/12.2177865 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD0OE UT WOS:000357466100007 ER PT S AU McLean, W Statz, J Estes, V Booms, S Martin, JS Harding, T AF McLean, William Statz, Jonathan Estes, Victor Booms, Shawn Martin, John S. Harding, Thomas BE Desjardins, DD Marasco, PL Sarma, KR Havig, PR Browne, MP Melzer, JE TI Development of a helmet/helmet-display-unit alignment tool (HAT) for the Apache helmet and display unit SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS IX; AND HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics IX; and Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XX CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE helmet display alignment; helmet fitting; Apache AH-64 AB Project Manager (PM) Apache Block III contacted the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL), Fort Rucker, Alabama, requesting assistance to evaluate and find solutions to a government-developed Helmet Display Unit (HDU) device called the Mock HDU for helmet alignment of the Apache Advanced Integrated Helmet (AAIH). The AAIH is a modified Head Gear Unit No. 56 for Personnel (HGU-56/P) to replace the current Integrated Helmet and Sighting System (IHADSS). The current flashlight-based HDU simulator for helmet/HDU alignment was no longer in production or available. Proper helmet/HDU alignment is critical to position the right eye in the small HDU eye box to obtain image alignment and full field of view (FOV). The initial approach of the PM to developing a helmet/HDU fitting device (Mock HDU) was to duplicate the optical characteristics of the current tactical HDU using less complex optics. However, the results produced questionable alignment, FOV, and distortion issues, with cost and development time overruns. After evaluating the Mock HDU, USAARL proposed a cost effective, less complex optical design called the Helmet/HDU Alignment Tool (HAT). This paper will show the development, components, and evaluations of the HAT compared to the current flashlight HDU simulator device. The laboratory evaluations included FOV measurements and alignment accuracies compared to tactical HDUs. The Apache helmet fitter technicians and Apache pilots compared the HAT to the current flashlight based HDU and ranked the HAT superior. C1 [Estes, Victor; Booms, Shawn; Martin, John S.; Harding, Thomas] US Army Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. [McLean, William; Statz, Jonathan] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McLean, W (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-586-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9470 AR 947013 DI 10.1117/12.2176411 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD0OE UT WOS:000357466100026 ER PT J AU Cole, W Zagorski, S AF Cole, Will Zagorski, Stanley TI Intramural gastric abscess following laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair SO ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cole, Will; Zagorski, Stanley] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Cole, W (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM williamcharlescole@gmail.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0013-726X EI 1438-8812 J9 ENDOSCOPY JI Endoscopy PY 2015 VL 47 SU 1 BP E227 EP E228 DI 10.1055/s-0034-1365439 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA CL2RC UT WOS:000356791200099 PM 26069975 ER PT S AU Powers, MA Stann, BL Giza, MM AF Powers, Michael A. Stann, Barry L. Giza, Mark M. BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Agile-beam laser radar using computational imaging for robotic perception SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XX; AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XX and Atmospheric Propagation XII CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Computational Imaging; LADAR; Robotic Perception; Autonomous and Intelligent Systems AB This paper introduces a new concept that applies computational imaging techniques to laser radar for robotic perception. We observe that nearly all contemporary laser radars for robotic (i.e., autonomous) applications use pixel basis scanning where there is a one-to-one correspondence between world coordinates and the measurements directly produced by the instrument. In such systems this is accomplished through beam scanning and/or the imaging properties of focal-plane optics. While these pixel-basis measurements yield point clouds suitable for straightforward human interpretation, the purpose of robotic perception is the extraction of meaningful features from a scene, making human interpretability and its attendant constraints mostly unnecessary. The imposing size, weight, power and cost of contemporary systems is problematic, and relief from factors that increase these metrics is important to the practicality of robotic systems. We present a system concept free from pixel basis sampling constraints that promotes efficient and adaptable sensing modes. The cornerstone of our approach is agile and arbitrary beam formation that, when combined with a generalized mathematical framework for imaging, is suited to the particular challenges and opportunities of robotic perception systems. Our hardware concept looks toward future systems with optical device technology closely resembling modern electronically-scanned-array radar that may be years away from practicality. We present the design concept and results from a prototype system constructed and tested in a laboratory environment using a combination of developed hardware and surrogate devices for beam formation. The technological status and prognosis for key components in the system is discussed. C1 [Powers, Michael A.] Gen Dynam Corp, Westminster, MD 21157 USA. [Stann, Barry L.; Giza, Mark M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Powers, MA (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, 1231 Tech Court, Westminster, MD 21157 USA. EM mpowers@gdrs.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-581-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9465 AR 94650E DI 10.1117/12.2177386 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0JA UT WOS:000357260200011 ER PT J AU Gutteridge, CE Curtis, SM Major, JW Nin, DA Bhattacharjee, AK Nichols, DA Gerena, L AF Gutteridge, Clare E. Curtis, Sean M. Major, Joshua W. Nin, Daniel A. Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. Nichols, Daniel A. Gerena, Lucia TI Synthesis of Dichlorophenyl-, Cyanophenyl- and Quinolinyl-Substituted alpha-Ethoxyacetic Acids and Derivatives, via alpha-Hydroxyarylacetic Acids SO LETTERS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 2-Ethoxyacetamide; 2-ethoxyphenylacetamide; ethylation; phenylacetic acid AB A synthetic approach to novel series of alpha-ethoxy-alpha-phenylacetamides and alpha-ethoxy-alpha-quinolinylacetamides was developed. Aryl aldehydes were converted to cyanohydrins, which were then hydrolyzed or alcoholyzed. Following ethylation of the alpha-hydroxy group, peptide-coupling protocols were used to produce the target amides. These amides, together with the alpha-ethoxy intermediates, have significant potential for a broad range of application including as antimalarial, fungicidal, bactericidal, anticoagulant, hypolipidemic and sleep-promoting agents. C1 [Gutteridge, Clare E.; Curtis, Sean M.; Major, Joshua W.; Nin, Daniel A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Bhattacharjee, Apurba K.; Nichols, Daniel A.; Gerena, Lucia] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gutteridge, CE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, 572M Holloway Rd,Mailstop 9B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM gutterid@usna.edu FU Military Infectious Diseases Research Program; Research Corporation; Office of Naval Research; United States Naval Academy FX The authors are grateful for support of this work by the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, the Research Corporation (for a Cottrell College Science Award to C.G.) the Office of Naval Research and the United States Naval Academy (including Naval Academy Research Committee support). Material has been reviewed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. There is no objection to its presentation and/or publication. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official, or reflecting true views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1570-1786 EI 1875-6255 J9 LETT ORG CHEM JI Lett. Org. Chem. PY 2015 VL 12 IS 6 BP 407 EP 412 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA CM4YF UT WOS:000357691900006 ER PT S AU Al-Shabi, M Gadsden, SA Wilkerson, SA AF Al-Shabi, M. Gadsden, S. A. Wilkerson, S. A. BE Kadar, I TI The Cubature Smooth Variable Structure Filter Estimation Strategy Applied to a Quadrotor Controller SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIV CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Kalman filter; smooth variable structure filter; estimation strategies; quadrotor dynamics AB Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are becoming increasingly popular in industry, military, and social environments. An UAS that provides good operating performance and robustness to disturbances is often quite expensive and prohibitive to the general public. To improve UAS performance without affecting the overall cost, an estimation strategy can be implemented on the internal controller. The use of an estimation strategy or filter reduces the number of required sensors and power requirement, and improves the controller performance. UAS devices are highly nonlinear, and implementation of filters can be quite challenging. This paper presents the implementation of the relatively new cubature smooth variable structure filter (CSVSF) on a quadrotor controller. The results are compared with other state and parameter estimation strategies. C1 [Al-Shabi, M.] Philadelphia Univ, Amman, Jordan. [Gadsden, S. A.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore Cty UMBC, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Wilkerson, S. A.] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. RP Al-Shabi, M (reprint author), Philadelphia Univ, Amman, Jordan. EM mshabi@philadelphia.edu.jo NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-590-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9474 AR 94741I DI 10.1117/12.2181250 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AD UT WOS:000357014700056 ER PT S AU Chan, AL AF Chan, Alex Lipchen BE Kadar, I TI Impacts of Fusion and Context on Tracking and Anomaly Detection in Videos SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIV CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Tracking; anomaly detection; video; fusion; contextual information AB The performance of a moving target tracker or an anomaly activity detector can often be improved by fusing multi-modal sensor data and incorporating relevant contextual information. Using suitable image fusion methods, for example, we can demonstrate the improved tracking performance by fusing concurrent video streams from visible and infrared cameras. If suitable contextual information is available and incorporated into the same tracking algorithm, we are confident that an even better performance can be achieved. Similarly, when contextual information is available and exploited, many false alarms in an anomaly activity detector can be explained and avoided. In spite of these advantages in exploiting contextual information, many challenges persist in finding and incorporating the appropriate contextual information in practical applications. C1 US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chan, AL (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM Alex.L.Chan.civ@mail.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-590-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9474 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AD UT WOS:000357014700009 ER PT S AU Short, N Hu, SW Gurram, P AF Short, Nathan Hu, Shuowen Gurram, Prudhvi BE Kadar, I TI Dimensionality analysis of facial signatures in visible and thermal spectra SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIV CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Face recognition; thermal imaging; dimensionality reduction ID FACE RECOGNITION; SUPERRESOLUTION AB Face images are an important source of information for biometric recognition and intelligence gathering. While face recognition research has made significant progress over the past few decades, recognition of faces at extended ranges is still highly problematic. Recognition of a low-resolution probe face image from a gallery database, typically containing high resolution facial imagery, leads to lowered performance than traditional face recognition techniques. Learning and super-resolution based approaches have been proposed to improve face recognition at extended ranges; however, the resolution threshold for face recognition has not been examined extensively. Establishing a threshold resolution corresponding to the theoretical and empirical limitations of low resolution face recognition will allow algorithm developers to avoid focusing on improving performance where no distinguishable information for identification exists in the acquired signal. This work examines the intrinsic dimensionality of facial signatures and seeks to estimate a lower bound for the size of a face image required for recognition. We estimate a lower bound for face signatures in the visible and thermal spectra by conducting eigenanalysis using principal component analysis (PCA) (i.e., eigenfaces approach). We seek to estimate the intrinsic dimensionality of facial signatures, in terms of reconstruction error, by maximizing the amount of variance retained in the reconstructed dataset while minimizing the number of reconstruction components. Extending on this approach, we also examine the identification error to estimate the dimensionality lower bound for low-resolution to high-resolution (LR-to-HR) face recognition performance. Two multimodal face datasets are used for this study to evaluate the effects of dataset size and diversity on the underlying intrinsic dimensionality: 1) 50-subject NVESD face dataset (containing visible, MWIR, LWIR face imagery) and 2) 119-subject WSRI face dataset (containing visible and MWIR face imagery). C1 [Short, Nathan; Hu, Shuowen; Gurram, Prudhvi] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Short, Nathan] Booz Allen & Hamilton Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Gurram, Prudhvi] MBO Partners, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Short, N (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM nathaniel.j.short2.ctr@mail.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-590-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9474 AR 947413 DI 10.1117/12.2177138 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AD UT WOS:000357014700044 ER PT J AU Nadolny, RM Feldman, KA Pagac, B Stromdahl, EY Rutz, H Wee, SB Richards, AL Smith, J Armolt, M Gaff, HD AF Nadolny, Robyn M. Feldman, Katherine A. Pagac, Benedict Stromdahl, Ellen Y. Rutz, Heather Wee, Siok-Bi Richards, Allen L. Smith, Joshua Armolt, Mary Gaff, Holly D. TI Review of the Mid-Atlantic Tick Summit III: A model for regional information sharing SO TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Public health; Regional surveillance; Regional meeting; Ticks; Tick-borne disease; Vector ecology ID FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE; MACULATUM ACARI IXODIDAE; GULF-COAST TICK; TIME PCR ASSAY; SOUTHEASTERN VIRGINIA; LYME-DISEASE; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; SURVEILLANCE; EHRLICHIA AB Ticks are the most significant vectors of infectious diseases in the United States, inspiring many researchers to study aspects of their biology, ecology, and their effects on public health. However, regional differences in tick abundance and pathogen infection prevalence result in the inability to assume results from one area are relevant in another. Current local information on tick ranges, infection rates, and human cases is needed to assess tick-borne disease risk in any given region. The Mid-Atlantic Tick Summit III brought together over 100 area experts and researchers to share regional updates on ticks and their associated pathogens. We report some meeting highlights here. Regional meetings foster cross-disciplinary collaborations that benefit the community, and open novel lines of inquiry so that tick-bite risk can be reduced and tick-borne diseases can be treated effectively. (C)2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Nadolny, Robyn M.; Gaff, Holly D.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Nadolny, Robyn M.; Pagac, Benedict; Stromdahl, Ellen Y.] US Army Publ Hlth Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Feldman, Katherine A.; Rutz, Heather; Wee, Siok-Bi; Armolt, Mary] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Ctr Zoonot & Vector Borne Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. [Richards, Allen L.] Naval Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Smith, Joshua] Fairfax Cty Hlth Dept, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Gaff, HD (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM hgaff@odu.edu OI Gaff, Holly/0000-0002-4034-2684 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1877-959X EI 1877-9603 J9 TICKS TICK-BORNE DIS JI Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. PY 2015 VL 6 IS 4 BP 435 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.04.001 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology GA CM0HO UT WOS:000357359200001 PM 25920376 ER PT S AU Rosario, D Romano, J Borel, C AF Rosario, Dalton Romano, Joao Borel, Christoph BE VelezReyes, M Kruse, FA TI Pattern recognition in hyperspectral persistent imaging SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXI CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Persistent imaging; hyperspectral; longwave infrared; LWIR ID POLARIMETRIC ANOMALY DETECTION AB We give updates on a persistent imaging experiment dataset, being considered for public release in a foreseeable future, and present additional observations analyzing a subset of the dataset. The experiment is a long-term collaborative effort among the Army Research Laboratory, Army Armament RDEC, and Air Force Institute of Technology that focuses on the collection and exploitation of longwave infrared (LWIR) hyperspectral imagery. We emphasize the inherent challenges associated with using remotely sensed LWIR hyperspectral imagery for material recognition, and show that this data type violates key data assumptions conventionally used in the scientific community to develop detection/ID algorithms, i.e., normality, independence, identical distribution. We treat LWIR hyperspectral imagery as Longitudinal Data and aim at proposing a more realistic framework for material recognition as a function of spectral evolution through time, and discuss limitations. The defining characteristic of a longitudinal study is that objects are measured repeatedly through time and, as a result, data are dependent. This is in contrast to cross-sectional studies in which the outcomes of a specific event are observed by randomly sampling from a large population of relevant objects in which data are assumed independent. Researchers in the remote sensing community generally assume the problem of object recognition to be cross-sectional. But through a longitudinal analysis of a fixed site with multiple material types, we quantify and argue that, as data evolve through a full diurnal cycle, pattern recognition problems are longitudinal in nature and that by applying this knowledge may lead to better algorithms. C1 [Rosario, Dalton; Borel, Christoph] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Romano, Joao] US Army Armament Res & Dev Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Rosario, D (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM dalton.s.rosario.civ@mail.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-588-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9472 AR 947204 DI 10.1117/12.2177425 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0DU UT WOS:000357086800003 ER PT J AU Ionescu, R Ruiz, I Favors, Z Campbell, B Neupane, MR Wickramaratne, D Ahmed, K Liu, C Abrahamian, N Lake, RK Ozkan, M Ozkan, CS AF Ionescu, Robert Ruiz, Isaac Favors, Zach Campbell, Brennan Neupane, Mahesh R. Wickramaratne, Darshana Ahmed, Kazi Liu, Chueh Abrahamian, Narek Lake, Roger K. Ozkan, Mihri Ozkan, Cengiz S. TI Two step growth phenomena of molybdenum disulfide-tungsten disulfide heterostructures SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SINGLE-LAYER; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; WS2 MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC LAYERS; THIN-FILMS; MOS2; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOSHEETS AB Here, we report the first demonstration of atomically thin vertically stacked MoS2/WS2 heterostructures, achieved via a two-step chemical vapour deposition (CVD) growth process. Highly ordered stacking of heterostructure domains and patterned defects have been observed. Computations based on first principles have been performed to understand observed enhanced photoluminescence of the heterostructure. C1 [Ionescu, Robert; Favors, Zach; Campbell, Brennan; Liu, Chueh; Abrahamian, Narek; Ozkan, Mihri; Ozkan, Cengiz S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Ruiz, Isaac; Neupane, Mahesh R.; Wickramaratne, Darshana; Ahmed, Kazi; Lake, Roger K.; Ozkan, Mihri] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Neupane, Mahesh R.] US Army Res Lab, RDRL WMM G, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ozkan, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM cozkan@engr.ucr.edu FU two STARnet Center, C-SPIN (Center for Spintronic Materials, Interfaces, and Novel Architectures), through the Semiconductor Research Corporation - MARCO; two STARnet Center, FAME (Center for Function Accelerated Nanomaterial Engineering), through the Semiconductor Research Corporation - MARCO; DARPA; NSF grant [OCI-1053575] FX Financial support for this work was provided by the two STARnet Centers, C-SPIN (Center for Spintronic Materials, Interfaces, and Novel Architectures) and FAME (Center for Function Accelerated Nanomaterial Engineering), through the Semiconductor Research Corporation sponsored by MARCO and DARPA. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by the NSF grant OCI-1053575. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 74 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 56 BP 11213 EP 11216 DI 10.1039/c5cc02837j PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CL7SX UT WOS:000357173100015 PM 26077828 ER PT J AU Gleason, CJ Smith, LC Finnegan, DC LeWinter, AL Pitcher, LH Chu, VW AF Gleason, C. J. Smith, L. C. Finnegan, D. C. LeWinter, A. L. Pitcher, L. H. Chu, V. W. TI Technical Note: Semi-automated effective width extraction from time-lapse RGB imagery of a remote, braided Greenlandic river SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION; ICE-SHEET; HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY; DISCHARGE; STREAMS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY AB River systems in remote environments are often challenging to monitor and understand where traditional gauging apparatus are difficult to install or where safety concerns prohibit field measurements. In such cases, remote sensing, especially terrestrial time-lapse imaging platforms, offer a means to better understand these fluvial systems. One such environment is found at the proglacial Isortoq River in southwestern Greenland, a river with a constantly shifting floodplain and remote Arctic location that make gauging and in situ measurements all but impossible. In order to derive relevant hydraulic parameters for this river, two true color (RGB) cameras were installed in July 2011, and these cameras collected over 10 000 half hourly time-lapse images of the river by September of 2012. Existing approaches for extracting hydraulic parameters from RGB imagery require manual or supervised classification of images into water and non-water areas, a task that was impractical for the volume of data in this study. As such, automated image filters were developed that removed images with environmental obstacles (e.g., shadows, sun glint, snow) from the processing stream. Further image filtering was accomplished via a novel automated histogram similarity filtering process. This similarity filtering allowed successful (mean accuracy 79.6 %) supervised classification of filtered images from training data collected from just 10 % of those images. Effective width, a hydraulic parameter highly correlated with discharge in braided rivers, was extracted from these classified images, producing a hydrograph proxy for the Isortoq River between 2011 and 2012. This hydrograph proxy shows agreement with historic flooding observed in other parts of Greenland in July 2012 and offers promise that the imaging platform and processing methodology presented here will be useful for future monitoring studies of remote rivers. C1 [Gleason, C. J.; Smith, L. C.; Pitcher, L. H.; Chu, V. W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Finnegan, D. C.; LeWinter, A. L.] US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Gleason, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, 1255 Bunche Hall,405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM cjgleaso@ucla.edu RI Smith, Laurence/E-7785-2012 OI Smith, Laurence/0000-0001-6866-5904 FU NASA Remote Sensing Theory initiative [NNX12AB41G]; NASA Cryosphere Program [NNX11AQ38G]; NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship [NNX12AN32H] FX This research was supported by the NASA Remote Sensing Theory initiative (grant NNX12AB41G), the NASA Cryosphere Program (grant NNX11AQ38G) managed by Thomas Wagner, and NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship NNX12AN32H. Field logistical support was provided by CH2M Hill Polar Field Services, the Kangerlussuaq International Science Station (KISS), and Air Greenland. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 6 BP 2963 EP 2969 DI 10.5194/hess-19-2963-2015 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CL7BQ UT WOS:000357125300030 ER PT B AU Salem, H Katz, SA AF Salem, Harry Katz, Sidney A. BE Salem, H Katz, SA TI Inhalation Toxicology THIRD EDITION Introduction SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Salem, Harry] US Army Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Katz, Sidney A.] Rutgers State Univ, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. RP Salem, H (reprint author), US Army Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-5274-6; 978-1-4665-5273-9 PY 2015 BP XVII EP XX PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BC7ZJ UT WOS:000355432100002 ER PT B AU Ingersoll, T Moser, J Sommerville, DR Salem, H AF Ingersoll, Tom Moser, Janet Sommerville, Douglas R. Salem, Harry BE Salem, H Katz, SA TI Improper Use of Haber's Law Results in Erroneous Fatality Estimation from Predictive Models SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ingersoll, Tom] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Joint CBRN Ctr Excellence, Aberdeen, MD USA. [Moser, Janet] US Dept Homeland Secur, Chem Secur Anal Ctr, Gunpowder, MD USA. [Sommerville, Douglas R.; Salem, Harry] US Army, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Ingersoll, T (reprint author), Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Joint CBRN Ctr Excellence, Aberdeen, MD USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-5274-6; 978-1-4665-5273-9 PY 2015 BP 137 EP 146 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BC7ZJ UT WOS:000355432100009 ER PT B AU Salem, H Feasel, M Ballantyne, B AF Salem, Harry Feasel, Michael Ballantyne, Bryan BE Salem, H Katz, SA TI Inhalation Toxicology of Riot Control Agents SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHLOROBENZYLIDENE MALONONITRILE CS; INDUCED RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; RABBIT EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; TEAR GAS; DIBENZOXAZEPINE CR; GUINEA-PIG; 1-CHLOROACETOPHENONE CN; DILUTE-SOLUTIONS; CAPSAICIN; TOXICITY C1 [Salem, Harry; Feasel, Michael] US Army, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. RP Salem, H (reprint author), US Army, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. NR 147 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-5274-6; 978-1-4665-5273-9 PY 2015 BP 211 EP 243 PG 33 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BC7ZJ UT WOS:000355432100013 ER PT B AU Corriveau, JL Feasel, M AF Corriveau, Joseph L. Feasel, Michael BE Salem, H Katz, SA TI Incapacitating Agents SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FENTANYL AEROSOL; CARFENTANIL; DEPRESSION; CASUALTIES; PRESSURE; MOSCOW; URINE; ABUSE C1 [Corriveau, Joseph L.; Feasel, Michael] US Army, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. RP Corriveau, JL (reprint author), US Army, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-5274-6; 978-1-4665-5273-9 PY 2015 BP 245 EP 255 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BC7ZJ UT WOS:000355432100014 ER PT B AU Li, AP Richter, P Cole, S Madren-Whalley, J Oyler, J Dorsey, R Salem, H AF Li, Albert P. Richter, Patricia Cole, Stephanie Madren-Whalley, Janna Oyler, Jonathan Dorsey, Russell Salem, Harry BE Salem, H Katz, SA TI Pulmonary Primary Cells Cocultured in a Novel Cell Culture System, the Integrated Discrete Multiple Cell-Type Coculture System (IdMOC) Pulmonary Cytotoxicity of Eight Cigarette Smoke Condensates and Nicotine SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CIGARETTE-SMOKE CONDENSATE; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IN-VITRO; MAINSTREAM SMOKE; COMPARATIVE CYTOTOXICITY; XENOBIOTIC TOXICITY; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; TOBACCO-SMOKE C1 [Li, Albert P.] In Vitro ADMET Labs LLC, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. [Richter, Patricia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cole, Stephanie; Madren-Whalley, Janna; Dorsey, Russell; Salem, Harry] US Army, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen, MD USA. [Oyler, Jonathan] US Army, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Li, AP (reprint author), In Vitro ADMET Labs LLC, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-5274-6; 978-1-4665-5273-9 PY 2015 BP 327 EP 338 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BC7ZJ UT WOS:000355432100017 ER PT B AU Henderson, TJ Elsayed, NM Salem, H AF Henderson, Terry J. Elsayed, Nabil M. Salem, Harry BE Salem, H Katz, SA TI Chemical Warfare Agents and Nuclear Weapons SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-DOSE-RADIATION; SULFUR MUSTARD; SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION; N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; PROTECTION; INJURY; FUKUSHIMA; HORMESIS; SULFIDE; LUNG C1 [Henderson, Terry J.; Salem, Harry] US Army, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. RP Henderson, TJ (reprint author), US Army, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-5274-6; 978-1-4665-5273-9 PY 2015 BP 489 EP 522 PG 34 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BC7ZJ UT WOS:000355432100022 ER PT S AU Fromzel, V Ter-Gabrielyan, N AF Fromzel, Viktor Ter-Gabrielyan, Nikolay BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Resonantly pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Er:YVO4 laser SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security XI CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Lasers; Solid State; Erbium; Mode-locking; Kerr lens ID SOLID-STATE LASERS; NDYVO4 LASER; HIGH-POWER; CRYSTAL; WAVE AB We report on a Kerr lens, self-mode-locked Er3+:YVO4 laser, based on the high third order nonlinearity of the gain medium. The Er3+:YVO4 is resonantly pumped by a CW Er-fiber laser into the absorption band around 1538 nm and operates at similar to 1604 nm with a 1.8 W average output power and similar to 40% slope efficiency relative to the absorbed pump. The laser yields a pulse train at a 240 MHz repetition rate. The pulsewidth is estimated to fall between 15 and 100 psec. C1 [Fromzel, Viktor; Ter-Gabrielyan, Nikolay] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Fromzel, V (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM nikolay.e.ter-gabrielyan.civ@mail.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-582-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9466 AR 946608 DI 10.1117/12.2181873 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0IY UT WOS:000357259200005 ER PT S AU Sanamyan, T Fleischman, Z AF Sanamyan, Tigran Fleischman, Zackery BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Spectroscopic properties of Er-doped Y2O3 ceramic related to mid-IR laser transition SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security XI CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Sesquioxides; ceramics; laser spectroscopy; thermal conductivity; mid-IR lasers AB We have recently demonstrated efficient high power CW laser operation in Er doped Y2O3 at cryogenic temperature. The selection of laser host was based on the low-phonon nature of Y2O3, where the I-4(11/2) -> I-4(13/2) transition is highly radiative. Further increases in mid-IR power scaling and efficiency require in-depth study and analysis of basic spectroscopic properties of the I-4(11/2) -> I-4(13/2) laser transition, such as laser emission cross-sections, fluorescence quantum efficiency, fluorescence branching ratios and inter-ionic interactions in a wide dopant-concentration and temperature range. In this work, we report the results of experimental measurements of quantum efficiency and branching ratio of the erbium initial laser state of I-4(11/2) in Y2O3 ceramic at the temperature range of 10 - 300 K. A series of Er:Y2O3 samples with dopant concentration between 0.2-10 at.% were used for fluorescence and absorption measurements. The fluorescence from the energy states corresponding to the visible, IR, and mid-IR transitions were studied under short-pulsed diode laser excitation. Spectrally-narrowed fiber-coupled semiconductor laser modules emitting at similar to 808, 980, and 1530 nm with variable power density were used for fluorescence excitation of three different Er states. The energy transfer processes for both down-and up-conversion, affecting the Er: Y2O3 mid-IR laser operation, were analyzed. A comparison between the experimental and simulation results are presented as well. C1 [Sanamyan, Tigran; Fleischman, Zackery] Army Res Lab, Electroopt & Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sanamyan, T (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Electroopt & Photon Div, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-582-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9466 AR 94660I DI 10.1117/12.2179379 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0IY UT WOS:000357259200009 ER EF