FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ranallo, RT Kaminski, RW George, T Kordis, AA Chen, Q Szabo, K Venkatesan, MM AF Ranallo, Ryan T. Kaminski, Robert W. George, Tonia Kordis, Alexis A. Chen, Qing Szabo, Kathleen Venkatesan, Malabi M. TI Virulence, Inflammatory Potential, and Adaptive Immunity Induced by Shigella flexneri msbB Mutants SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; LIPID-A; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; III SECRETION; INVASIN COMPLEX; VACCINE STRAIN; SEROTYPE 2A; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MODEL AB The ability of genetically detoxified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate adaptive immune responses is an ongoing area of investigation with significant consequences for the development of safe and effective bacterial vaccines and adjuvants. One approach to genetic detoxification is the deletion of genes whose products modify LPS. The msbB1 and msbB2 genes, which encode late acyltransferases, were deleted in the Shigella flexneri 2a human challenge strain 2457T to evaluate the virulence, inflammatory potential, and acquired immunity induced by strains producing underacylated lipid A. Consistent with a reduced endotoxic potential, S. flexneri 2a msbB mutants were attenuated in an acute mouse pulmonary challenge model. Attenuation correlated with decreases in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and in chemokine release without significant changes in lung histopathology. The levels of specific proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta [IL-1 beta], macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha [MIP-1 alpha], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) were also significantly reduced after infection of mouse macrophages with either single or double msbB mutants. Surprisingly, the msbB double mutant displayed defects in the ability to invade, replicate, and spread within epithelial cells. Complementation restored these phenotypes, but the exact nature of the defects was not determined. Acquired immunity and protective efficacy were also assayed in the mouse lung model, using a vaccination-challenge study. Both humoral and cellular responses were generally robust in msbB-immunized mice and afforded significant protection from lethal challenge. These data suggest that the loss of either msbB gene reduces the endotoxicity of Shigella LPS but does not coincide with a reduction in protective immune responses. C1 [Ranallo, Ryan T.; Kaminski, Robert W.; George, Tonia; Kordis, Alexis A.; Chen, Qing; Venkatesan, Malabi M.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Bacterial & Rickettsial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Szabo, Kathleen] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Diagnost Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ranallo, RT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Bacterial & Rickettsial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ryan.ranallo@amedd.army.mil NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 78 IS 1 BP 400 EP 412 DI 10.1128/IAI.00533-09 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 535QC UT WOS:000272984300043 PM 19884336 ER PT J AU Kang, G Hartzell, JD Howard, R Wood-Morris, RN Johnson, MD Fraser, S Weintrob, A Wortmann, G AF Kang, Grace Hartzell, Joshua D. Howard, Robin Wood-Morris, Robert N. Johnson, Mark D. Fraser, Susan Weintrob, Amy Wortmann, Glenn TI Mortality Associated with Acinetobacter baumannii Complex Bacteremia among Patients with War-Related Trauma SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; IMPACT; RESISTANCE AB We investigated the mortality associated with Acinetobacter baumannii complex bacteremia among a cohort of patients hospitalized for war-related trauma. Despite a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains, the 30-day mortality rate was 2%. For relatively young patients with war-related trauma, A. baumannii complex bacteremia appears to be associated with a low risk of death. C1 [Hartzell, Joshua D.; Wood-Morris, Robert N.; Johnson, Mark D.; Fraser, Susan; Weintrob, Amy; Wortmann, Glenn] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Howard, Robin] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wortmann, G (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Bldg 2,Ward 63,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM glenn.wortmann@us.army.mil NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 1 BP 92 EP 94 DI 10.1086/649220 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 528SY UT WOS:000272468400016 PM 19929690 ER PT J AU Lunday, BJ Sherali, HD AF Lunday, Brian J. Sherali, Hanif D. TI A Dynamic Network Interdiction Problem SO INFORMATICA LA English DT Article DE network interdiction; resource allocation; minimax flow problems; dynamic formulation; alternating heuristic ID FLOW NETWORK AB We present a novel dynamic network interdiction model that accounts for interactions between an interdictor deploying resources on arcs in a digraph and an evader traversing the network from a designated source to a known terminus, wherein the agents may modify strategies in selected subsequent periods according to respective decision and implementation cycles. For the resulting minimax model, we develop a reformulation that facilitates a direct solution procedure using commercial software or via a proposed alternating heuristic. We examine certain related stability and convergence issues, demonstrate special convergence cases, and provide insights into the computational performance of the solution procedures. C1 [Lunday, Brian J.] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Sherali, Hanif D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Grado Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lunday, BJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM brian.lunday@usma.edu; hanifs@vt.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0969169] FX This work is partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-0969169. The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Nick Sahinidis of the Sahinidis Optimization Group at Carnegie Mellon University for permitting the use of the AlphaECP, BARON, CoinBonmin, DICOPT, and SBB solvers, as well as Dr. C. Patrick Koelling for suggesting the topic of this investigation. We also thank the executive editor and anonymous referees for their constructive comments that have helped improve the presentation of this paper. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST MATHEMATICS & INFORMATICS PI VILNIUS PA AKADEMIJOS STR 4, VILNIUS LT-08663, LITHUANIA SN 0868-4952 J9 INFORMATICA-LITHUAN JI Informatica PY 2010 VL 21 IS 4 BP 553 EP 574 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 703MP UT WOS:000285982300006 ER PT S AU Burks, SD Teaney, BP AF Burks, Stephen D. Teaney, Brian P. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Display noise effects on infrared system target acquisition performance SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The presence of noise in an IR system adversely impacts task performance in many cases. Typically when modeling the effect of noise on task performance the focus is on the noise generated at the front end of the system (detector, amplifier, etc). However, there are cases when noise may arise in the post-sample of the system due to different display technologies, etc. This paper presents a means to determine the effect of display noise on the sensor system noise under a variety of conditions. A modeling study demonstrates that the effect of display noise correlates to the predicted modeled performance. C1 [Burks, Stephen D.; Teaney, Brian P.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Burks, SD (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 766210 DI 10.1117/12.850881 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100030 ER PT S AU Du Bosq, T Preece, B AF Du Bosq, Todd Preece, Bradley BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Improved target signature definition for modeling performance of high-gain saturated imagery SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE contrast; enhancement; scene contrast temperature; target acquisition; performance modeling; saturation; dynamic range AB The standard model used to describe the performance of infrared sensors is the U. S. Army thermal target acquisition model, NVThermIP. The model is characterized by the apparent size and contrast of the target, and the resolution and sensitivity of the sensor. Currently, manual gain and level determine optimal contrast for military targets. The Night Vision models are calibrated to such images using a spatial average contrast consisting of the root sum squared of the difference between the target and background means, and the standard deviation of the target internal contrast. This definition of contrast applied to the model will show an unrealistic increase in performance for saturated targets. This paper presents a modified definition of target contrast for use in NVThermIP, including a threshold value for target to background mean difference and means to remove saturated pixels from the standard deviation of the target. Human perception experiments were performed and the measured results are compared with the predicted performance using the modified target contrast definition in NVThermIP. C1 [Du Bosq, Todd] USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Du Bosq, T (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 76620N DI 10.1117/12.851017 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100020 ER PT S AU Espinola, RL Cha, J Leonard, K AF Espinola, Richard L. Cha, Jae Leonard, Kevin BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Novel methodologies for the measurement of atmospheric turbulence effects SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Turbulence; measurement; modeling ID MODULATION TRANSFER-FUNCTION; QUALITY AB Atmospheric turbulence is an imaging phenomenon that introduces blur, distortion, and intensity fluctuations that corrupt image quality and can decrease target acquisition performance. The modeling of imaging sensors requires an accurate description of turbulence effects. We present two novel methodologies for the measurement of the turbulence MTF in infrared imagery. First, the structural similarity metric is used to compare pristine and degraded imagery. Second, contrast modulations of radial bar targets are analyzed to extract an equivalent blur. Human perception tests are compared against model predictions. The results show that complex turbulence effects can be measured and modeled with simple MTF blurs. C1 [Espinola, Richard L.; Cha, Jae; Leonard, Kevin] USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Espinola, RL (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 76620W DI 10.1117/12.852294 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100027 ER PT S AU Fanning, JD Reynolds, JP AF Fanning, Jonathan D. Reynolds, Joseph P. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Modeling performance using sensor simulation and image metrics SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE NVThermIP; Image-based target acquisition model; SSIM ID STRUCTURAL SIMILARITY AB This paper presents an image-based model for target identification performance. This model is intended as an alternative to existing linear models such as NVThermIP. The image-based model allows arbitrary non-linear image processing to be applied to actual images which are compared using a human perception model. This model simulates an image from a given sensor and compares the simulated image to a reference high-quality image. For a given target set, the image-based model generates a confusion matrix which is used to calculate the average probability of identification. The perception metric used to compare the images is a multiscale version of the SSIM. The output of the image-based model is reasonably close to the output of the NVThermIP theory when tested on a standard linear sensor system. The output also agrees well with data from a human perception test. C1 [Fanning, Jonathan D.; Reynolds, Joseph P.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Fanning, JD (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 76620D DI 10.1117/12.851343 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100010 ER PT S AU Friedman, MH Du Bosq, TW Flug, EA AF Friedman, Melvin H. Du Bosq, Todd W. Flug, Eric A. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Analytical Models Quantify Military Benefit of Collaborative Search SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Search; Memoryless search; Field of regard search; Detection time; Simulation; Perception test; Verification AB Analytical Model 1 describes how long it takes the first observer to find a target when multiple observers search a field of regard using imagery provided by a single sensor. This model, developed using probability concepts, suggests considerable benefits accrue from collaborative search: when P(infinity) is near one and with ten observers the mean detection time (in reduced time) is reduced by almost an order of magnitude when compared to that of a single observer. To get the instant of detection in clock time we add the delay time t(d) to the reduced time. Empirical fits for t(d) and tau are also given in the paper. Model 1 was verified/validated by computer simulation and perception experiments. Here ten observers searched sixty computer generated fields of regard (each one was 60 x 20 degrees) for a single military vehicle. Analytical Model 2 describes how the probability of target acquisition increases with the number of observers. The results of Model 2 suggest that probability of target acquisition increases considerably when multiple observers independently search a field of regard. Model 2 was verified by simulation but not by perception experiment. Models 1 and 2 are pertinent to development of search strategies with multiple observers and are expected to find use in wargaming for evaluating the efficacy of networked imaging sensors. C1 [Friedman, Melvin H.; Du Bosq, Todd W.; Flug, Eric A.] USA, RDECOM, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Friedman, MH (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 76620B DI 10.1117/12.851521 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100008 ER PT S AU Hodgkin, VA Boettcher, EJ Acton, DD AF Hodgkin, Van A. Boettcher, Evelyn J. Acton, David D. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Field Calibration of Reflective Imagery of Targets and Backgrounds SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE target signature; SWIR; CCD imaging equation; dark current AB This paper describes a simple but powerful method for calibrating the apparent broadband flux reflectance of target and background materials in short wave infrared (SWIR) imagery in the field, a method that can also be used in other reflective bands. The method is analogous to the approach of field calibration of thermal IR (infrared) imagery in which thermally regulated emissive references are positioned in a peripheral region of the sensor FOV to provide apparent temperature versus image grayscale. The principle difference between the emissive TIR approach and the reflective approach described here is that passive, well calibrated reflective references are used for the SWIR and do not require active emission of in-band radiation. This approach was recently used in a field collection using a high quality, well characterized broadband SWIR imager. Theory, analysis, and results are presented here. C1 [Hodgkin, Van A.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Hodgkin, VA (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 76620Y DI 10.1117/12.851014 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100029 ER PT S AU Howell, C Halford, C Krapels, K AF Howell, Christopher Halford, Carl Krapels, Keith BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Image fusion algorithm assessment using measures of complementary and redundant information SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Image fusion; image fusion metrics; complementary information; image fusion quality assessment AB Often various amounts of complementary information exist when imagery of the same scene is captured in different spectral bands. Image fusion should merge the available information within the source images into a single fused image that contains more relevant information compared to any single source image. The benefits of image fusion are more readily seen when the source images contain complementary information. Intuitively complementary information allows for measurable improvements in human task performance. However, quantifying the effect complementary information has on fusion algorithms remains open research. The goal of this study is to quantify the effect of complementary information on image fusion algorithm performance. Algorithm performance is assessed using a new performance metric, based on mutual information. Human perception experiments are conducted using controlled amounts of complementary information as input to a simple fusion process. This establishes the relationship between complementary information and task performance. The results of this study suggest a correlation exists between the proposed metric and identification task performance. C1 [Howell, Christopher; Krapels, Keith] USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Howell, C (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 76620J DI 10.1117/12.850295 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100016 ER PT S AU Maschal, RA Young, SS Reynolds, J Krapels, K Fanning, J Corbin, T AF Maschal, Robert A., Jr. Young, S. Susan Reynolds, Joe Krapels, Keith Fanning, Jonathan Corbin, Ted BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Review of Bayer Pattern CFA Demosaicing with New Quality Assessment Algorithms SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Bayer pattern; CFA demosaicing; color image quality assessment AB Given the frequent lack of a reference image or ground truth when performance testing Bayer pattern color filter array (CFA) demosaicing algorithms, two new no-reference quality assessment algorithms are proposed. These new quality assessment algorithms give a relative comparison of two demosaicing algorithms by measuring the presence of two common artifacts in their output images. For this purpose, various demosaicing algorithms are reviewed, especially adaptive color plane, gradient based methods, and median filtering, with particular attention paid to the false color and edge blurring artifacts common to all demosaicing algorithms. Classic quality assessment methods which require a reference image, such as MSE, PSNR, and Delta E, are reviewed, their typical usage characterized, and their associated pitfalls identified. With this information in mind, the motivations for no-reference quality assessment are discussed. The new quality assessment algorithms are then designed for a relative comparison of two images demosaiced from the same CFA data by measuring the sharpness of the edges and determining the presence of false colors. Demosaicing algorithms described earlier are evaluated and ranked using these new algorithms. A large quantity of real images is given for review. These images are also used to justify those rankings suggested by the new quality assessment algorithms. This work provides a path forward for future research investigating possible relationships between CFA demosaicing and color image super-resolution. C1 [Maschal, Robert A., Jr.; Young, S. Susan] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Maschal, RA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 766215 DI 10.1117/12.849314 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100034 ER PT S AU Montoya, J Kennerly, S Rede, E AF Montoya, Joseph Kennerly, Steve Rede, Edward BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI NIR Small Arms Muzzle Flash SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Alkali Metal; Near-Infrared; small arms; muzzle flash; potassium; silicon; visible; spectral AB Utilization of Near-Infrared (NIR) spectral features in a muzzle flash will allow for small arms detection using low cost silicon (Si)-based imagers. Detection of a small arms muzzle flash in a particular wavelength region is dependent on the intensity of that emission, the efficiency of source emission transmission through the atmosphere, and the relative intensity of the background scene. The NIR muzzle flash signature exists in the relatively large Si spectral response wavelength region of 300 nm-1100 nm, which allows for use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) Si-based detectors. The alkali metal origin of the NIR spectral features in the 7.62 x 39-mm round muzzle flash is discussed, and the basis for the spectral bandwidth is examined, using a calculated Voigt profile. This report will introduce a model of the 7.62 x 39-mm NIR muzzle flash signature based on predicted source characteristics. Atmospheric limitations based on NIR spectral regions are investigated in relation to the NIR muzzle flash signature. A simple signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) metric is used to predict sensor performance based on a model of radiance for the source and solar background and pixel registered image subtraction. C1 [Montoya, Joseph; Rede, Edward] USA, Res Lab, Survivabil Lethal Anal Dir WSMR, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Montoya, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Survivabil Lethal Anal Dir WSMR, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 766203 DI 10.1117/12.849737 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100001 ER PT S AU Moore, RK Camp, HA Moyer, S Halford, CE AF Moore, Richard K. Camp, H. A. Moyer, Steve Halford, Carl E. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Masked target transform volume clutter metric applied to vehicle search SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE vehicle search; clutter; masked target transform volume; time-limited search; performance modeling ID DETECTION PERFORMANCE AB The Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate's current time-limited search model, which makes use of the targeting task performance (TTP) metric to describe imager quality, does not explicitly account for the effects of clutter on observer performance. The masked target transform volume (MTTV) clutter metric has been presented previously, but is first applied to the results of a vehicle search perception experiment with simulated thermal imagery here. NVESD's Electro-Optical Simulator program was used to generate hundreds of synthetic images of tracked vehicles hidden in a rural environment. 12 observers searched for the tracked vehicles and their performance is compared to the MTTV clutter level, signal-to-clutter ratios using several clutter metrics from open literature, and to the product of target size and contrast. The investigated clutter metrics included the Schmeider-Weathersby statistical variance, Silk's statistical variance, Aviram's probability of edge detection metric, and Chang's target structural similarity metric. The MTTV was shown to better model observer performance as measured by the perception experiment than any of the other compared metrics, including the product of target size and contrast. C1 [Moore, Richard K.] USA, ATEC DTC, Redstone Test Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Moore, RK (reprint author), USA, ATEC DTC, Redstone Test Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 76620M DI 10.1117/12.850429 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100019 ER PT S AU Moore, RK Camp, HA Moyer, S Halford, CE AF Moore, Richard K. Camp, H. A. Moyer, Steve Halford, Carl E. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Triangle search experiment to isolate scene clutter effects SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE clutter; visual search; perception testing; masked target transform volume metric ID DETECTION PERFORMANCE AB A perception experiment was performed in an effort to measure the effect of clutter on search performance while keeping target size, target contrast, and system bandwidth constant. In the NVESD time-limited search (TLS) model, detection performance is said to only vary with changes in target size and target-to-background contrast, if the imaging system and the search time limit are left constant(4,8). The results of this experiment show that changes in scene clutter produce changes in detection performance when these other factors remain unchanged, thereby making a stronger case for the inclusion of a clutter metric into the NVESD TLS model. When using real imagery, it is difficult to find good examples of change in clutter without changes in target size, contrast, noise, or other factors also being present. Using computer generated imagery of triangles and tilted squares allowed the clutter aspect of search to be experimentally isolated. When applied to imagery in the perception experiment, the masked target transform volume clutter metric was shown to correlate well with the average observer response time. C1 [Moore, Richard K.] USA, ATEC DTC, Redstone Test Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Moore, RK (reprint author), USA, ATEC DTC, Redstone Test Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 76620C DI 10.1117/12.850457 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100009 ER PT S AU O'Connor, JD Hixson, J McKnight, P Peterson, MS Parasuraman, R AF O'Connor, John D. Hixson, Jonathan McKnight, Patrick Peterson, Matthew S. Parasuraman, Raja BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Resampling analysis of participant variance to improve the efficiency of sensor modeling perception experiments SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) Modeling and Simulation Division (MSD) sensor models, such as NV Therm IP, are developed through perception experiments that investigate phenomena associated with sensor performance (e. g. sampling, noise, sensitivity). A standardized laboratory perception testing method developed in the mid-1990's has been responsible for advances in sensor modeling that are supported by field sensor performance experiments.(1) The number of participants required to yield dependable results for these experiments could not be estimated because the variance in performance due to participant differences was not known. NVESD and George Mason University (GMU) scientists measured the contribution of participant variance within the overall experimental variance for 22 individuals each exposed to 1008 stimuli. Results of the analysis indicate that the total participant contribution to overall experimental variance was between 1% and 2%. C1 [O'Connor, John D.; Hixson, Jonathan] USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP O'Connor, JD (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 76620L DI 10.1117/12.851018 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100018 ER PT S AU O'Connor, JD Hixson, J Thomas, JM Peterson, MS Parasuraman, R AF O'Connor, John D. Hixson, Jonathon Thomas, James M., Jr. Peterson, Matthew S. Parasuraman, Raja BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Adaptive design of visual perception experiments SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Meticulous experimental design may not always prevent confounds from affecting experimental data acquired during visual perception experiments. Although experimental controls reduce the potential effects of foreseen sources of interference, interaction, or noise, they are not always adequate for preventing the confounding effects of unforeseen forces. Visual perception experimentation is vulnerable to unforeseen confounds because of the nature of the associated cognitive processes involved in the decision task. Some confounds are beyond the control of experimentation, such as what a participant does immediately prior to experimental participation, or the participant's attitude or emotional state. Other confounds may occur through ignorance of practical control methods on the part of the experiment's designer. The authors conducted experiments related to experimental fatigue and initially achieved significant results that were, upon re-examination, attributable to a lack of adequate controls. Re-examination of the original results and the processes and events that led to them yielded a second experimental design with more experimental controls and significantly different results. The authors propose that designers of visual perception experiments can benefit from planning to use a test-fix-test or adaptive experimental design cycle, so that unforeseen confounds in the initial design can be remedied. C1 [O'Connor, John D.; Hixson, Jonathon] USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP O'Connor, JD (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 76620H DI 10.1117/12.851032 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100014 ER PT S AU Teaney, B Reynolds, J AF Teaney, Brian Reynolds, Joseph BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Next generation imager performance model SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The next generation of Army imager performance models is currently under development at NVESD. The aim of this new model is to provide a flexible and extensible engineering tool for system design which encapsulates all of the capabilities of the existing Night Vision model suite (NVThermIP, SSCamIP, etc) along with many new design tools and features including a more intuitive interface, the ability to perform trade studies, and a library of standard and user generated components. By combining the previous model architectures in one interface the new design is better suited to capture emerging technologies such as fusion and new sensor modalities. In this paper we will describe the general structure of the model and some of its current capabilities along with future development plans. C1 [Teaney, Brian; Reynolds, Joseph] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Teaney, B (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 76620F DI 10.1117/12.850876 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100012 ER PT J AU Das, NC AF Das, Naresh C. TI Effect of grating on IR LED device performance SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LED device; Surface emitting devices; IR scene projection; LWIR emitters ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE AB The electroluminescence in the range of 3-4.5 mu m and 6-10 mu m from a Sb-based type II interband quantum cascade structure is reported. We measured the light emission from the top surface of the LED device with different grating structures. We used different etch depths for the grating formation. The light-current-voltage (LIV) characteristics measured at both room and cryogenic temperatures show that the device with 45 degrees angle grating and 1.0 mu m deep etch onto the GaSb surface has the highest emission power. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Army Res Lab, Microphoton Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Das, NC (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Microphoton Branch, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ndas@arl.army.mil NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2009.09.001 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 556OF UT WOS:000274599800012 ER PT S AU Choi, KK Jhabvala, MD Forrai, DP Sun, J Endres, D AF Choi, K. K. Jhabvala, M. D. Forrai, D. P. Sun, J. Endres, D. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI C-QWIPs for Far Infrared Detection SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVI CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE QWIP; FPA; NE Delta T ID PHOTODETECTORS AB We have extended our investigation of corrugated quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane arrays (C-QWIP FPAs) into the far infrared regime. Specifically, we are developing the detectors for the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) used in the Landsat Data Continuity Mission. This mission requires infrared detection cutoff at 12.5 mu m and FPAs operated at 43 K. To maintain a low dark current in these extended wavelengths, we adopted a low doping density of 0.6 x 10(18) cm(-3) and a bound-to-bound state detector in one of the designs. The internal absorption QE is calculated to be 25.4% for a pixel pitch of 25 microns and 60 periods of QWs. With a pixel fill factor of 80% and a substrate transmission of 70.9%, the external QE is 14.4%. To yield the theoretical conversion efficiency CE, the photoconductive gain was measured and is 0.25 at 5 V, from which CE is predicted to be 3.6%. This value is in agreement with the 3.5% from the FPA measurement. Meanwhile, the dark current is measured to be 2.1 x 10(-6) A/cm(2) at 43 K. For regular infrared imaging above 8 mu m, the FPA will have an NETD of 16 mK at 2 ms integration time in the presence of 260 read noise electrons, and it increases to 22 mK at 51 K. The highest operability of the tested FPAs is 99.967%. With the CE agreement, we project the FPA performance in the far infrared regime up to 30 mu m cutoff. C1 [Choi, K. K.; Sun, J.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8124-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7660 AR 76603K DI 10.1117/12.849715 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSR52 UT WOS:000285545300120 ER PT S AU Gupta, N Ashe, PR Tan, SS AF Gupta, Neelam Ashe, Philip R. Tan, Songsheng BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI A Miniature Snapshot Multispectral Imager SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVI CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Fabry-Perot filter; multispectral; SWIR; microlens optics ID FABRICATION; MIRRORS AB We present a miniature snapshot multispectral imager that operates in the short wavelength infrared region (SWIR) and has a number of applications. The system is low-weight, portable with a miniature platform and requires low power. The imager uses a 4x4 Fabry-Perot filter array operating from 1487 to 1769 nm with a spectral bandpass similar to 10 nm. The design of the filters is based on using a MEMS shadow mask technique to fabricate a Fabry-Perot etalon with multilayer dielectric mirrors. The filter array subsystem is installed in a commercial handheld InGaAs camera and the imaging lens of the camera is replaced by a custom designed 4x4 microlens array with telecentric imaging performance in each of the 16 sub-imaging channels. The imager was used to image a number of different indoor and outdoor scenes. The microlens optics and filter design is quite flexible and can be tailored for any wavelength region from UV to LWIR and the spectral bandpass can also be customized to meet the requirements. In this paper we will discuss the design and characterization of the filter array, the microlens optical package, and the imager and present imaging results obtained. C1 [Gupta, Neelam] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM philip.ashe@spectralsight.com RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8124-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7660 AR 76602G DI 10.1117/12.852661 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSR52 UT WOS:000285545300083 ER PT S AU Pitt, TS Wood, SB Waddle, CE Edwards, WD Yeske, BS AF Pitt, Timothy S. Wood, Sam B. Waddle, Caleb E. Edwards, William D. Yeske, Ben S. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Uncooled infrared development for small unmanned aerial vehicles SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVI CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The US Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) is developing a micro-uncooled infrared (IR) capability for small unmanned aerial systems (SUAS). In 2007, AMRDEC procured several uncooled microbolometers for lab and field test evaluations, and static tower tests involving specific target sets confirmed initial modeling and simulation predictions. With these promising results, AMRDEC procured two captive flight test (CFT) vehicles and, in 2008, completed numerous captive flights to capture imagery with the micro-uncooled infrared sensors. Several test configurations were used to build a comprehensive data set. These configurations included variations in look-down angles, fields of view (FOV), environments, altitudes, and target scenarios. Data collected during these field tests is also being used to develop human tracking algorithms and image stabilization software by other AMRDEC personnel. Details of these ongoing efforts will be presented in this paper and will include: 1) onboard digital data recording capabilities; 2) analog data links for visual verification of imagery; 3) sensor packaging and design; which include both infrared and visible cameras; 4) field test and data collection results; 5) future plans; 6) potential applications. Finally, AMRDEC has recently acquired a 17 mu m pitch detector array. The paper will include plans to test both 17 mu m and 25 mu m microbolometer technologies simultaneously in a side-by-side captive flight comparison. C1 [Pitt, Timothy S.; Wood, Sam B.; Waddle, Caleb E.] USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. RP Pitt, TS (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8124-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7660 AR 76600I DI 10.1117/12.855134 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSR52 UT WOS:000285545300015 ER PT J AU Verwolf, A Farwell, SO Cai, ZT Smith, P AF Verwolf, Adrian Farwell, Sherry O. Cai, Zhongtao Smith, Pauline TI AN IMPROVED COMPACT INTEGRATED ANALYTICAL SWATCH TESTING SYSTEM SO INSTRUMENTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE compact integrated system; enhanced automation; swatch testing ID DIFFUSION AB A compact swatch testing system has been developed to precisely quantify the permeation and penetration of a chemical weapons agent simulant while reducing the system footprint, improving safety and usability, enhancing automation, and maintaining measurement precision comparable to its predecessor. With the addition of a new test cell design and temperature control mechanism, the improved system demonstrated higher steady-state permeation rates and shorter breakthrough times. In comparison to the earlier prototype, the compact configuration's footprint and volume are reduced substantially, thereby allowing for use inside a 6-foot laboratory hood. A reference device for assessing test cell performance was also developed. C1 [Verwolf, Adrian; Farwell, Sherry O.; Cai, Zhongtao] Engn Measurement & Certificat Ctr, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Smith, Pauline] USA, Res Lab, Mat Applicat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Farwell, SO (reprint author), Engn Measurement & Certificat Ctr, 525 Univ Loop,Ste 113, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM sfarwell@emcclab.com FU US Army Research Laboratory [DAAD19-02-2-0011] FX This work was conducted in partnership with the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology and with financial support from the US Army Research Laboratory via Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-02-2-0011. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1073-9149 J9 INSTRUM SCI TECHNOL JI Instrum. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 220 EP 233 AR PII 921498901 DI 10.1080/10739141003707758 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 593QI UT WOS:000277474200003 ER PT S AU Tahmoush, D Silvious, J AF Tahmoush, Dave Silvious, Jerry BE Casasent, DP Hall, EL Roning, J TI Recognizing and Tracking Humans and Vehicles Using Radar SO INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND COMPUTER VISION XXVII: ALGORITHMS AND TECHNIQUES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision: Algorithms and Techniques CY JAN 18-19, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IS & T (Soc Imaging Sci & Technol), SPIE DE Radar; micro-Doppler; obstacle ID FEATURE-EXTRACTION; HUMAN GAIT; DOPPLER; MODEL AB Dynamic obstacles like vehicles and animals can be distinguished from humans using their radar micro-Doppler signature. This allows customizing the robotic path algorithm to avoid highly sensitive and unpredictable obstacles like humans and rapidly moving obstacles like vehicles. We demonstrate the extraction of stride rate and other information associated with gait for enhanced person recognition from radar data. We describe the radar sensors used for the measurements, the algorithms used for the detection, tracking, and classification of people and vehicles, as well as describe some of the features that can be extracted. These features can serve as rudimentary identifying information in a scene with multiple subjects. We measure human subjects in indoor and outdoor clutter backgrounds for identification and gather ground truth using video to validate the radar data. C1 [Tahmoush, Dave; Silvious, Jerry] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tahmoush, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7932-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7539 AR 753907 DI 10.1117/12.837083 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BRR36 UT WOS:000283489200005 ER PT S AU Theisen, BL AF Theisen, Bernard L. BE Casasent, DP Hall, EL Roning, J TI The 17TH Annual Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition: Intelligent Robots Built by Intelligent Students SO INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND COMPUTER VISION XXVII: ALGORITHMS AND TECHNIQUES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision: Algorithms and Techniques CY JAN 18-19, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IS & T (Soc Imaging Sci & Technol), SPIE DE intelligent robots; autonomous systems; ground vehicles; engineering education; IGVC AB The Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of four unmanned systems student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI). The IGVC is a multidisciplinary exercise in product realization that challenges college engineering student teams to integrate advanced control theory, machine vision, vehicular electronics and mobile platform fundamentals to design and build an unmanned ground vehicle. Teams from around the world focus on developing a suite of dual-use technologies to equip their system of the future with intelligent driving capabilities. Over the past 17 years, the competition has challenged undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. students with real world applications in intelligent transportation systems, the military and manufacturing automation. To date, teams from over 70 universities and colleges have participated. This paper describes some of the applications of the technologies required by this competition and discusses the educational benefits. The primary goal of the IGVC is to advance engineering education in intelligent vehicles and related technologies. The employment and professional networking opportunities created for students and industrial sponsors through a series of technical events over the four-day competition are highlighted. Finally, an assessment of the competition based on participation is presented. C1 USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Theisen, BL (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, 6501 E 11 Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. EM bernard.theisen@us.army.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7932-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7539 AR 753903 DI 10.1117/12.846780 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BRR36 UT WOS:000283489200001 ER PT S AU Sottilare, RA AF Sottilare, Robert A. BE Aleven, V Kay, J Mostow, J TI Toward the Development of an Intelligent Tutoring System for Distributed Team Training through Passive Sensing SO INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS, PART II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Apangea Learning, Carnegie Learning Inc, EDalytics LLC, Grockit, KAPLAN, Univ Pittsburgh, Learning Res & Dev Ctr, NSF, LearnLab, Carnegie Mellon, Sch Comp Sci, Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Educ DE team tutoring systems; distributed team training; passive sensing AB The development of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) capable of supporting naming experiences lot geographically-distributed team members in shared virtual simulation environment presents considerable challenges Even human tutors face challenges in developing team cohesion, coordinating roles and assessing contributions Just as a human tutor might assess collective performance, a team ITS must be capable of passively assessing the trainees' readiness to learn and evaluating their progress toward team objectives Passive sensing methods offer the opportunity for the ITS to understand the team's cognitive and emotional state without in with the learning process It also helps determine their any interventions needed to optimize performance This article reviews challenges and hypothesizes functions for computer-based distributed team tutors C1 USA, Army Simulat & Training Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Sottilare, RA (reprint author), USA, Army Simulat & Training Technol Ctr, 12423 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM robert.sottilare@us.army.mil OI Sottilare, Robert/0000-0002-5278-2441 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13436-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6095 BP 411 EP 413 PN Part II PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPZ31 UT WOS:000280420200087 ER PT S AU Corron, NJ Blakely, JN AF Corron, Ned J. Blakely, Jonathan N. BE In, V Longhini, P Palacios, A TI A Matched Filter For Communicating With Chaos SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS IN NONLINEAR DYNAMICS (ICAND 2010) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications in Nonlinear Dynamics CY SEP 21-24, 2010 CL Lake Louise, CANADA SP Off Naval Res, Nonlinear Dynam Syst ID SYSTEMS; SYNCHRONIZATION; NOISE; HYSTERESIS; PERFORMANCE; DYNAMICS; CIRCUIT AB In conventional communication systems, a matched filter provides optimal receiver performance in the presence of noise. As such, matched filters are highly desirable, yet they are practical only when a relatively small number of known basis functions are used to represent information. For communications using chaotic waveforms, the unpredictable and nonrepeating nature of chaos suggests the basis functions are uncertain and ever changing, which would preclude the use of a simple matched filter. Consequently, it is widely accepted that the performance of chaos communications lags that of conventional, no chaotic systems. In this paper, we show this assumption is not necessarily true. We describe a simple, low-dimensional chaotic oscillator that admits an exact analytic solution containing a single fixed basis function. The solution is written as the linear convolution of a symbol sequence and the basis function, similar to how conventional communications waveforms are usually represented. Despite the linear nature of the solution, waveform returns sampled at regular switching times are conjugate to a shift map, proving the oscillator is chaotic. A matched filter for the basis function is defined and used to extract symbolic information from the chaotic wave-form. Its performance in additive white Gaussian noise is comparable to that of binary phase-shift keying (BPSK). The oscillator and its matched filter have potential application in Hayes-type chaos communications where a message signal is encoded in the symbolic dynamics via small perturbation control. The discovery of a practical matched filter for chaos finally provides a coherent receiver to complement this elegant encoding scheme. C1 [Corron, Ned J.; Blakely, Jonathan N.] RDMR WSS, US Army Res Dev & Engn Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Corron, NJ (reprint author), RDMR WSS, US Army Res Dev & Engn Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. OI Blakely, Jonathan/0000-0002-9772-582X; Corron, Ned/0000-0002-3232-5024 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0894-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1339 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1063/1.3574841 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BVJ04 UT WOS:000291631600002 ER PT J AU Hitt, J Sugar, T AF Hitt, Joseph Sugar, Thomas GP IEEE TI Load Carriage Effects on a Robotic Transtibial Prosthesis SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION AND SYSTEMS (ICCAS 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS 2010) CY OCT 27-30, 2010 CL Gyeonggi do, SOUTH KOREA SP Natl IT Ind Promot Agcy, Korean Federat Sci & Technol Soc, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Hyundai Heavy Ind Co, POSCO, LS Ind Syst Co, Samsung Heavy Ind Co, Autopower Co, Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ DE Bionics; Biorobotics; Powered Prosthesis; Load Carriage; SPARKy ID WALKING AB The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic and kinematic effects of load carriage while wearing a robotic transtibial prosthesis. Nine separate tests were conducted with a unilateral transtibial amputee test subject wearing the robotic foot-ankle prosthesis. The subject walked on a treadmill at 1.3 m/s with a back pack weighing 0 kg, 4.5 kg and 9 kg. Direct measurement of the kinematics and kinetics of the robotic prosthesis at varying loads and ankle joint stiffness using embedded sensors is presented. The test data suggest that the coping strategy for load carriage is one of kinetic variance and kinematic invariance for subjects using a powered, computer controlled foot-ankle prosthesis. The finding suggests that modulation of the spring stiffness as a function of load condition may reduce system energy expenditure by 10%. C1 [Hitt, Joseph] US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Sugar, Thomas] Arizona State Univ, Dept Engn, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Hitt, J (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM joseph.hitt@usma.edu; thomas.sugar@asu.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-89-93215-02-1 PY 2010 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BWU79 UT WOS:000294964400030 ER PT B AU Wood, RA Salem, TE AF Wood, Robert A. Salem, Thomas E. GP Mesago PCIM GmbH TI Characteristics of a 1200 V, 550 A SiC DMOSFET Dual Module SO INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AND CONFERENCE FOR POWER ELECTRONICS, INTELLIGENT MOTION AND POWER QUALITY 2010 (PCIM EUROPE 2010), VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion and Power Quality (PCIM Europe 2010) CY MAY 04-06, 2010 CL Nuremburg, GERMANY ID MOSFETS AB The enhanced material properties of silicon carbide (SiC) offer improved performance capabilities for power electronic devices compared to traditional, silicon based components. Recently, a 1200 V, 50 A, SiC DMOSFET has been developed and its use in a switch has been reported [1-2]. Based on this work, a 1200 V, 550 A, all SiC dual module has been fabricated. This paper reports on the experimental characterization of this advanced dual power module that incorporates eleven SiC DMOSFETs and eleven SiC JBS diodes per switch. C1 [Wood, Robert A.] US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Salem, Thomas E.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Wood, RA (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MESAGO PCIM GMBH PI STUTTGART PA ROTEBUEHLSTR 83-85, STUTTGART, 70178, GERMANY BN 978-1-61738-967-2 PY 2010 BP 280 EP 285 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG7LD UT WOS:000391419800046 ER PT J AU Templeton, DW AF Templeton, Douglas W. TI Topical Section: Ceramics Armor Introduction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, TARDEC, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Templeton, DW (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 565 EP 565 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02574.x PG 1 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 656GP UT WOS:000282316500001 ER PT J AU LaSalvia, JC McCauley, JW AF LaSalvia, Jerry C. McCauley, James W. TI Inelastic Deformation Mechanisms and Damage in Structural Ceramics Subjected to High-Velocity Impact SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC COMPRESSIVE FAILURE; SILICON-CARBIDE TARGETS; INTERFACE DEFEAT; TUNGSTEN PROJECTILES; BORON-CARBIDE; PENETRATION; TRANSITION; FRACTURE; INDENTATION; PLASTICITY AB The inelastic deformation mechanisms and damage features observed in structural ceramics subjected to nonpenetrating, high-velocity impacts are similar to those seen in quasistatic Hertzian indentation, albeit more severe. For impacts on large ceramic bodies (relative to impactor diameter), cone cracking is the primary mechanism in regions of high tensile stresses. In regions of nonhydrostatic compressive stresses, depending on the material characteristics, elasticity, grain-boundary microcracking, or plasticity are the primary mechanisms, and depending on their associated energetics, may be able to compete with the initiation and growth of cone cracks. In this regard, a new model is presented that examines the effect of grain-boundary microcracking on cone cracking through shear-induced dilatancy (i.e., bulking) within the quasiplastic zone that forms just underneath the impact site. Depending on the size of the quasiplastic zone and bulking pressure, it is shown that the bulking phenomenon has the potential to suppress cone cracking. Lastly, examples of other shear-driven inelastic deformation mechanisms are presented. C1 [LaSalvia, Jerry C.; McCauley, James W.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL WMM E, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP LaSalvia, JC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL WMM E, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jlasalvi@arl.army.mil NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 595 EP 605 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02489.x PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 656GP UT WOS:000282316500005 ER PT J AU Leavy, RB Brannon, RM Strack, OE AF Leavy, R. Brian Brannon, Rebecca M. Strack, O. Erik TI The Use of Sphere Indentation Experiments to Characterize Ceramic Damage Models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; BORON-CARBIDE; PENETRATION; VELOCITIES; BEHAVIOR; KM/S AB Sphere impact experiments are used to calibrate and validate ceramic models that include statistical variability and/or scale effects in strength and toughness parameters. These dynamic experiments supplement traditional characterization experiments such as tension, triaxial compression, Brazilian, and plate impact, which are commonly used for ceramic model calibration. The fractured ceramic specimens are analyzed using sectioning, X-ray computed tomography, microscopy, and other techniques. These experimental observations indicate that a predictive material model must incorporate a standard deviation in strength that varies with the nature of the loading. Methods of using the spherical indentation data to calibrate a statistical damage model are presented in which it is assumed that variability in strength is tied to microscale stress concentrations associated with microscale heterogeneity. C1 [Leavy, R. Brian] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. [Brannon, Rebecca M.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Strack, O. Erik] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Leavy, RB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. EM Brian.Leavy@utah.edu FU United States Department of Energy [DE-ALO4-04AL8500] FX The authors thank the following individuals for their substantial contributions to the work presented in this paper: David Bronowski, Bill Bruchey, Jerry LaSalvia, Moo Lee, Dave MacKenzie, Herb Miller, Mike Normandia, and John Rowe. Part of this work was performed at the Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract no. DE-ALO4-04AL8500. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 606 EP 615 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02487.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 656GP UT WOS:000282316500006 ER PT J AU Nie, X Chen, WNW Templeton, DW AF Nie, Xu Chen, Weinong W. Templeton, Douglas W. TI Dynamic Ring-on-Ring Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Borosilicate Glass SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; SODA-LIME GLASS; PULSE-SHAPING TECHNIQUES; BIAXIAL-FLEXURE; CERAMICS; FRACTURE; FAILURE; FATIGUE; TESTS AB A novel dynamic ring-on-ring equibiaxial flexural testing technique with single pulse loading capability is established on a modified Kolsky bar. This technique is then utilized to investigate the loading-rate and surface-condition effects on the flexural strength of a borosilicate glass. Quasi-static and dynamic experiments are performed at loading rates ranging from 5 x 10-1 to 5 x 106 MPa/s. It is found that the flexural strength of the borosilicate glass strongly depends on the applied loading rates. HF acid corrosion on the surface promotes the flexural strength to above 1.3 GPa. Fractographic analysis shows that surface modification has changed the type of flaws that govern the flexural strength of glass samples. C1 [Nie, Xu; Chen, Weinong W.] Purdue Univ, AAE Sch, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nie, Xu; Chen, Weinong W.] Purdue Univ, MSE Sch, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Templeton, Douglas W.] USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Nie, X (reprint author), Purdue Univ, AAE Sch, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wchen@purdue.edu FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911-05-1-0218] FX Partially supported by the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant No. W911-05-1-0218 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 616 EP 624 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02508.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 656GP UT WOS:000282316500007 ER PT J AU Wereszczak, AA Kirkland, TP Strong, KT Campbell, J LaSalvia, JC Miller, HT AF Wereszczak, Andrew A. Kirkland, Timothy P. Strong, Kevin T., Jr. Campbell, James LaSalvia, Jerry C. Miller, Herbert T. TI Size-Scaling of Tensile Failure Stress in a Hot-Pressed Silicon Carbide SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE MATERIALS; HERTZIAN FRACTURE; COMPRESSION; INDENTER; TILES AB Quasi-static Weibull strength-size scaling of hot-pressed silicon carbide is described. Two surface conditions (uniaxial ground and uniaxial ground followed by grit blasting) were explored. Strength test coupons sampled effective areas from the very small (4 x 10-3 mm2) to the very large (4 x 104 mm2). Equibiaxial flexure and Hertzian ring crack initiation were used for the strength tests, and characteristic strengths for several different specimen geometries were analyzed as a function of effective area. Characteristic strength was found to substantially increase with decreased effective area for both surface conditions. Weibull moduli of 9.4- and 11.7 well-represented strength-size scaling for the two ground conditions between an effective area range of 10-1 and 4 x 104 mm2. Machining damage was observed to be the dominant flaw type over this range. However, for effective areas < 10-1 mm2, the characteristic strength increased rapidly for both ground surface conditions as the effective area decreased, and one or more of the inherent assumptions behind the classical Weibull strength-size scaling were in violation in this range. The selections of a ceramic strength to account for ballistically induced tile deflection and expanding cavity modeling are considered in context with the measured strength-size scaling. The observed size-scaling is briefly discussed with reference to dynamic strength. C1 [Wereszczak, Andrew A.; Kirkland, Timothy P.; Strong, Kevin T., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Campbell, James; LaSalvia, Jerry C.; Miller, Herbert T.] USA, Res Lab, Ceram & Transparent Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wereszczak, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wereszczakaa@ornl.gov RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory (USARL); U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center [DE-AC-00OR22725]; U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command-Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command FX Research sponsored by two sources: Work For Others sponsor U.S. Army Research Laboratory (USARL) and the U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center, both under contract DE-AC-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC.; This submission was produced by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy.; Work performed with support by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the USARL administered by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the USARL.; The authors express sincere appreciation to D. Templeton and F. Rickert of the U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command-Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command for sponsoring much of this work. C. Johnson (GE-retired) is thanked for Weibull distribution discussions. Lastly, ORNL's P. Becher and H. Wang for reviewing the manuscript and for their helpful comments. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02517.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 656GP UT WOS:000282316500009 ER PT J AU Vargas-Gonzalez, L Speyer, RF Campbell, J AF Vargas-Gonzalez, Lionel Speyer, Robert F. Campbell, James TI Flexural Strength, Fracture Toughness, and Hardness of Silicon Carbide and Boron Carbide Armor Ceramics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PRESSURELESS; ADDITIONS; BEHAVIOR; B4C; PHASE AB Armor-grade B(4)C and SiC specimens were analyzed for phase assemblage, microstructure, and mechanical properties. SiC-N showed the highest four-point fracture strength, and an similar to 50% higher notched beam fracture toughness than solid-state sintered B(4)C and SiC. This was attributed to preferential crack propagation along a weaker amorphous aluminosilicate grain-boundary interphase, which also attenuated the effect of surface flaws on bending strength. Verco B(4)C showed the highest hardness. That material was phase pure, fully dense, and of finer grain size as compared with pressure-assisted densification (PAD)-B(4)C (hot pressed). Verco SiC showed a hardness equal to (Vickers) or higher than (Knoop) PAD-B(4)C, and a comparatively narrow distribution in measured hardnesses. This was attributed to a fine-grained, fully dense, solid-state sintered microstructure with a fine and well-distributed graphite second phase. Hardness of all specimens decreased with increasing applied load. C1 [Vargas-Gonzalez, Lionel; Speyer, Robert F.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Campbell, James] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. RP Vargas-Gonzalez, L (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM robert.speyer@mse.gatech.edu OI Vargas-Gonzalez, Lionel/0000-0001-6500-1686 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 643 EP 651 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02501.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 656GP UT WOS:000282316500010 ER PT J AU Tan, JG Zheng, YF Tang, X Guo, CY Li, LP Song, GX Zhen, XR Yuan, D Kalkstein, AJ Li, FR Chen, H AF Tan, Jianguo Zheng, Youfei Tang, Xu Guo, Changyi Li, Liping Song, Guixiang Zhen, Xinrong Yuan, Dong Kalkstein, Adam J. Li, Furong Chen, Heng TI The urban heat island and its impact on heat waves and human health in Shanghai SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Global warming; Urban heat island; Heat wave; Human health ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-POLLUTION; TIME-SERIES; MODEL CONSTRUCTION; WARNING SYSTEM; ST-LOUIS; MORTALITY; TEMPERATURE; CITIES; CITY AB With global warming forecast to continue into the foreseeable future, heat waves are very likely to increase in both frequency and intensity. In urban regions, these future heat waves will be exacerbated by the urban heat island effect, and will have the potential to negatively influence the health and welfare of urban residents. In order to investigate the health effects of the urban heat island (UHI) in Shanghai, China, 30 years of meteorological records (1975-2004) were examined for 11 first- and second-order weather stations in and around Shanghai. Additionally, automatic weather observation data recorded in recent years as well as daily all-cause summer mortality counts in 11 urban, suburban, and exurban regions (1998-2004) in Shanghai have been used. The results show that different sites (city center or surroundings) have experienced different degrees of warming as a result of increasing urbanization. In turn, this has resulted in a more extensive urban heat island effect, causing additional hot days and heat waves in urban regions compared to rural locales. An examination of summer mortality rates in and around Shanghai yields heightened heat-related mortality in urban regions, and we conclude that the UHI is directly responsible, acting to worsen the adverse health effects from exposure to extreme thermal conditions. C1 [Tan, Jianguo; Zhen, Xinrong] Shanghai Urban Environm Meteorol Ctr, Shanghai 200135, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Youfei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. [Tang, Xu] Shanghai Meteorol Bur, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Guo, Changyi; Song, Guixiang; Yuan, Dong] Shanghai Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shanghai 200336, Peoples R China. [Li, Liping; Li, Furong; Chen, Heng] Shantou Univ, Coll Med, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Shantou City 515041, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Kalkstein, Adam J.] US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Tan, JG (reprint author), Shanghai Urban Environm Meteorol Ctr, 951 Jinxiu Rd, Shanghai 200135, Peoples R China. EM jianguot@21cn.com FU Natural Science Foundation of China [30771846]; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster [KLME05005]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006BAK13B06]; China Meteorological Administration [GY200706019] FX This material is based upon work supported by The Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 30771846), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster ( No. KLME05005), National Scientific and Technical supporting Programs, Ministry of Science and Technology of China ( No. 2006BAK13B06), and the Gong-Yi Program of China Meteorological Administration ( No. GY200706019). Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 117 Z9 131 U1 9 U2 90 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 54 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s00484-009-0256-x PG 10 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 545PE UT WOS:000273746000008 PM 19727842 ER PT J AU Moore, DF Teal, P AF Moore, D. F. Teal, P. TI Screening for Fabry disease in Canada following cryptogenic stroke - the Canadian Fabry Stroke Screening Initiative (CFSSI) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Moore, D. F.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, ABNP Neurol & Vasc Neurol, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Teal, P.] FRCP C Canadian Stroke Consortium, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUSTRI-VERLAG DR KARL FEISTLE PI DEISENHOFEN-MUENCHEN PA BAHNHOFSTRASSE 9 POSTFACH 49, D-82032 DEISENHOFEN-MUENCHEN, GERMANY SN 0946-1965 J9 INT J CLIN PHARM TH JI Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. PY 2010 VL 48 SU 1 BP S63 EP S63 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 566CB UT WOS:000275346500049 ER PT J AU Nobel, OBY Campbell, D Hannah, ST Wortinger, B AF Nobel, Orly Ben-Yoav Campbell, Donald Hannah, Sean T. Wortinger, Brian TI Soldiers' negotiations in combat areas The effects of role clarity and concern for members of the local population SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Armed forces; Military actions; Negotiating; Public relations; Role ambiguity; United States of America; Iraq ID ROLE-CONFLICT; TIME PRESSURE; AMBIGUITY; BEHAVIOR; ACCOUNTABILITY; CONSTITUENTS; CULTURE; BOSNIA; ISSUES AB Purpose - The aim of this exploratory study is to assess the impact of role clarity and concern for the other party's goals on soldiers' negotiations with members of the local population within a combat zone. Design/methodology/approach - Following the Dual Concerns Model it was hypothesized that soldiers experiencing high concern for the needs of their Iraqi counterparts would engage in: higher levels of problem solving behavior; report greater trust in their counterparts; and reach more mutually satisfying agreements under conditions of role clarity relative to role ambiguity. A total of 42 officers and non-commissioned officers serving in Iraq participated in the study. Findings - The results supported the prediction that role clarity moderates the relationship between concern for the other party's needs and various outcomes of the negotiation process. Research limitations/implications - The study involved a small convenience sample, cross-sectional design, and a single source of data for all measures. Nonetheless, the results are consistent with other studies examining the theoretical assumptions of the Dual Concern Model and suggest that role clarity may serve as a useful operationalization of high self-concern and high resistance to yielding. Originality/value - The study advances knowledge about soldiers' ability to negotiate mutually satisfying agreements with members of the local population. It points to the need to combine a policy of collaboration with local civilians with the communication of a clear set of overall mission and specific negotiation goals and objectives. C1 [Campbell, Donald] US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Campbell, D (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM ld6829@usma.edu NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1044-4068 J9 INT J CONFL MANAGE JI Int. J. Confl. Manage. PY 2010 VL 21 IS 2 BP 202 EP 227 DI 10.1108/10444061011037413 PG 26 WC Communication; Management; Political Science SC Communication; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA 613GH UT WOS:000278966900005 ER PT J AU Estes, AC Welch, RW Ressler, SJ Dennis, N Larson, D Considine, C Nilsson, T O'Neill, RJ O'Brien, J Lenox, T AF Estes, Allen C. Welch, Ronald W. Ressler, Stephen J. Dennis, Norman Larson, Debra Considine, Carol Nilsson, Tonya O'Neill, Robert J. O'Brien, Jim Lenox, Thomas TI Ten Years of ExCEEd: Making a Difference in the Profession SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE teaching workshop; teaching assessment; ExCEEd model; teacher training ID FACULTY AB In response to the need for faculty training, the American Society of Civil Engineers developed and funded the ExCEEd (Excellence in Civil Engineering Education) Teaching Workshop, which was offered for the first time in 1999 and celebrated its tenth year during the summer of 2008. For the past decade, 21 ExCEEd Teaching Workshops (ETW) have been held at the United States Military Academy, the University of Arkansas, and Northern Arizona University. ETW has realized 497 graduates from 198 different US and international colleges and universities. This paper summarizes the content of ETW, assesses its effectiveness, highlights changes in the program as a result of these assessments, outlines future directions, and assesses the effect this workshop has had on the quality of civil engineering teaching in the US. The assessment data were obtained from multiple survey instruments conducted during each workshop, surveys taken six months to a year after the workshop, and a ten-year longitudinal survey. C1 [Estes, Allen C.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Architectural Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Welch, Ronald W.] Univ Texas Tyler, Dept Civil Engn, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. [Ressler, Stephen J.] US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Dennis, Norman] Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Larson, Debra] No Arizona Univ, Coll Engn Forestry & Nat Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Considine, Carol] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Nilsson, Tonya] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [O'Neill, Robert J.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Dept Environm & Civil Engn, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [O'Brien, Jim; Lenox, Thomas] Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RP Estes, AC (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Architectural Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM acestes@calpoly.edu NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 141 EP 154 PG 14 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 568CF UT WOS:000275498700015 ER PT J AU Clausen, JL Ketterer, ME Bednar, AJ Koenig, MR AF Clausen, Jay L. Ketterer, Michael E. Bednar, Anthony J. Koenig, Mark R. TI Challenges and successes in using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for measurements of tungsten in environmental water and soil samples SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tungsten; soil; water; ICPMS; small arms ranges ID IN-GROUND WATER; NEVADA AB Military small arms ranges in the United States have been used for munitions training with tungsten rounds, which are comprised of powdered tungsten (W) pressed together with polymeric binders. As a result, W has been introduced into surface soils. The environmental and human health effects of W remain open questions. The US Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for environmental monitoring, site assessments, and cleanup of small arms ranges. This work requires routine measurements of tungsten in natural waters and soils. However, the existing sample preparation and analytical procedures were not specifically developed with W in mind for environmental analysis. Our work suggests modification of existing metal sample preparation and analytical procedures are necessary to accurately quantify W in environmental media. Our group has been actively conducting W measurements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), both with quadrupole and sector field ICPMS systems. We have used heavy rare earth elements and iridium as internal standards. For soils, the great majority of the W from small arms can be dissolved using acid leaching with HNO3-H3PO4 mixtures; more rigorous preparations with fusion or HF digestions can also be used. In ICPMS analysis, the largest challenge involves dealing with the significant carry-over and memory of W in sample introduction systems. This ultimately limits measurement capabilities, particularly at sub-mu g L-1 levels. With careful attention to the sample and standards' matrix constituents, and proper washout time, successful analysis is possible and ICPMS is clearly the preferred technique. A commercially available fluoropolymer sample introduction system exhibits significantly improved memory characteristics. C1 [Clausen, Jay L.] US Army Corps Engineers, Engineers Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Ketterer, Michael E.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bednar, Anthony J.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Koenig, Mark R.] USA, Corps Engineers, Concord, MA 01742 USA. RP Clausen, JL (reprint author), US Army Corps Engineers, Engineers Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM jay.l.clausen@us.army.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 2010 VL 90 IS 10 BP 773 EP 783 AR PII 923708685 DI 10.1080/03067310903267323 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619PM UT WOS:000279442100002 ER PT J AU Clausen, JL Kaste, J Ketterer, M Korte, N AF Clausen, Jay L. Kaste, James Ketterer, Michael Korte, Nic TI Sample preparation and digestion considerations for determining metal deposition at small arms ranges SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soil contamination; tungsten; lead; copper; sample preparation ID SOILS; CONTAMINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECIATION; TUNGSTEN; WATER; LEAD AB Determining the metal content of soil collected from small arms training ranges (SARs) is difficult and controversial because the contamination consists of fine particulates abraded from bullets and larger fragments such as intact bullets and spent shell casings. This heterogeneous distribution of materials can be difficult to sample reproducibly and difficult to prepare for analysis. Similar issues are encountered with sampling and analysing solid residues of energetic compounds for which grinding to 75 microns is necessary to achieve excellent precision. Issues to be resolved for SAR metals include the necessity of sieving, the extent of contamination from grinding, and the proper digestion procedure for efficient recovery. The work reported in this manuscript employed field and laboratory sampling approaches developed for energetics and examined a variety of laboratory sample preparation techniques for SAR metals. Application of the sampling approaches used for energetics to metals was straightforward. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) nitric acid digestion procedure is effective for the recovery of three of the most important SAR metals, copper, lead and zinc, when analysing a 2 g portion of the 2 mm fraction of an unground soil sample. However, sieving the sample ignores a large portion of the total metal load and a total digestion with hydrofluoric acid is necessary to determine the concentration of all naturally-occurring metals in the sample. Finally, the USEPA-approved method for metal analysis is inappropriate for tungsten unless supplemented with phosphoric acid. C1 [Clausen, Jay L.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Kaste, James] Coll William & Mary, Dept Geol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Ketterer, Michael] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. RP Clausen, JL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Jay.L.Clausen@us.army.mil FU Army Environmental Command FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Army Environmental Command for funding that supported this study as well as reviews and helpful discussions of the paper with Alan Hewitt and Marianne Walsh, US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 2010 VL 90 IS 12 BP 903 EP 921 AR PII 926302167 DI 10.1080/03067310903353495 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 643TJ UT WOS:000281321800001 ER PT J AU Seidman, JD Yemelyanova, AV Khedmati, F Bidus, MA Dainty, L Boice, CR Cosin, JA AF Seidman, Jeffrey D. Yemelyanova, Anna V. Khedmati, Fatemeh Bidus, Michael A. Dainty, Louis Boice, Charles R. Cosin, Jonathan A. TI Prognostic Factors for Stage I Ovarian Carcinoma SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ovarian carcinoma; Clear cell carcinoma; Serous carcinoma; Staging; Prognosis; Tumor rupture; FIGO stage; Grade ID GYNECOLOGIC-ONCOLOGY-GROUP; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; NEOPLASM TRIAL; INTRAOPERATIVE RUPTURE; CELL CARCINOMAS; CANCER; CISPLATIN; PATHOGENESIS; MULTICENTER; SURVIVAL AB Stage I ovarian carcinoma is relatively uncommon, and data oil prognostic factors are conflicting. The clinical and pathologic features of 51 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I ovarian carcinomas were analyzed. There were 22 stage IA, I stage 113, and 28 stage IC cases. The mean follow-Lip was 6.1 years. The 5-year and 10-year disease-specific survival rates for the entire cohort were 92% and 78%, respectively. Among 51 patients, there were 6 tumor deaths, and I patient died of unrelated causes. All patients who died of disease were stage IC. Significant adverse prognostic factors were serous histology [relative risk (RR) 5.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-22.0] and stage IC (RR 1.3, 95% Cl 1.1-1.5). Among factors associated with stage IC, only positive washings or ascites affected Survival (RR 9.25, 95% CI 1.9-44.4). The 5-year survival rates for stages IA and IC were 100% and 83%, respectively (P<0.025, log rank test). For comprehensively staged patients, the 5-year survival rate was 96% as compared with 72% for all others (P<0.025, log rank test). Tumor rupture, surface involvement, histologic grade and clear cell histology were not of adverse prognostic significance. Serous histology and positive washings or ascites are adverse prognostic factors in stage I. The prognostic importance of tumor grade, rupture, surface involvement and clear cell histology remains unclear. Patients who are International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I on the basis of comprehensive surgical staging have an excellent prognosis. C1 [Seidman, Jeffrey D.; Yemelyanova, Anna V.; Khedmati, Fatemeh] Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Boice, Charles R.; Cosin, Jonathan A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Bidus, Michael A.; Dainty, Louis] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Yemelyanova, Anna V.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Seidman, JD (reprint author), Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Pathol, 110 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM jeffrey.d.seidman@medstar.net NR 39 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-1691 J9 INT J GYNECOL PATHOL JI Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1097/PGP.0b013e3181af2372 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pathology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pathology GA 536MF UT WOS:000273047800001 PM 19952945 ER PT J AU Jiang, L Hsu, A Chu, D Chen, R AF Jiang, L. Hsu, A. Chu, D. Chen, R. TI Ethanol electro-oxidation on Pt/C and PtSn/C catalysts in alkaline and acid solutions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Ethanol electro-oxidation; Alkaline media; pH effect; Platinum; Platinum tin; Carbon support ID ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL ELECTRODES; FUEL-CELLS; ALCOHOL OXIDATION; MEDIA; ELECTROCATALYSTS; METHANOL; OXIDE; MECHANISM; SURFACES AB Carbon supported Pt and PtSn were prepared by a modified polyol method. The electrocatalytic activities and stabilities of the PVC and PtSn/C catalysts towards ethanol electro-oxidation reactions (EORs) were investigated by potentiodynamic and potentiostatic methods in a 0.1 M NaOH solution (or 0.5 M H(2)SO(4)) containing 0.01 M ethanol. On both catalysts, the EOR currents in the alkaline solutions were much higher than those in the acid solutions, and the onset potentials of the EOR in alkaline solutions were less positive than those in acid solutions, indicating that the kinetics of the EOR improve in alkaline solutions. Even though a significant improvement was observed in acid media on PtSn/C, compared with Pt/C, only negligible improvement was observed in alkaline media. The apparent activation energies of the EOR on the PtSn/C catalyst varies from 21 to 33 kJ mol(-1), depending on the potentials, which are slightly lower than the corresponding values on the Pt/C catalyst (25 similar to 42 kJ mol(-1)) under the same conditions. The Tafel slopes are divided into two parts-at low overpotentials, Tafel slopes on both catalysts are close to 120 mV dec(-1), which is in agreement with the proposed mechanism-Temkin-type adsorption for both OH(ad) and ethoxi at low overpotentials; in contrast, at high overpotentials, Tafel slopes on both catalysts are over 300 mV dec(-1) due to the oxide formation on the surface. (C) 2009 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, L.; Hsu, A.; Chen, R.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Richard G Lugar Ctr Renewable Energy, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Chu, D.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jiang, L (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Richard G Lugar Ctr Renewable Energy, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM jluhua@iupui.edu; rochen@iupui.edu FU U.S. Army Research Lab [W911NF-07-2-0036] FX This work is partially funded by the U.S. Army Research Lab (Grant Number: W911NF-07-2-0036), We appreciate Prof Dr. R. R. Adzic in Brookhaven National Laboratory for helpful discussion and valuable suggestions. NR 37 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 11 U2 83 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 365 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.10.058 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 549UG UT WOS:000274079200045 ER PT J AU Kesarwala, AH Belard, A Dolney, D Eickstaedt, B McDonough, J Tochner, Z O'Connell, JJ AF Kesarwala, A. H. Belard, A. Dolney, D. Eickstaedt, B. McDonough, J. Tochner, Z. O'Connell, J. J. TI Electronic Integration of Radiation Oncology Clinics via Remote Proton Radiotherapy Telemedicine Solution SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-For-Radiation-Oncology CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Radiation Oncol C1 [Kesarwala, A. H.] Natl Canc Inst, Radiat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. [Belard, A.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. [Dolney, D.; Eickstaedt, B.; McDonough, J.; Tochner, Z.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [O'Connell, J. J.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2010 VL 78 IS 3 SU S BP S491 EP S491 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 740EZ UT WOS:000288775701142 ER PT J AU Weintrob, AC Gu, W Qin, J Robertson, J Ganeson, A Crum-Cianflone, NF Landrum, ML Wortmann, GW Foliman, D Agan, BK AF Weintrob, A. C. Gu, W. Qin, J. Robertson, J. Ganeson, A. Crum-Cianflone, N. F. Landrum, M. L. Wortmann, G. W. Foliman, D. Agan, B. K. TI Syphilis co-infection does not affect HIV disease progression SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; syphilis; AIDS; mortality; cohort ID CD4 CELL COUNTS; VIRAL LOAD; INFECTED PATIENTS AB HIV and syphilis are often seen as co-infections since they share a common mode of transmission. During episodes of syphilis, CD4 counts transiently decrease and HIV viral loads increase; however, the effect of syphilis co-infection on HIV disease progression (time to AIDS or death) is unclear. We analysed prospectively collected information on 2239 persons with estimated dates of HIV seroconversion (205 [9.2%] with confirmed syphilis and 66 [2.9%] with probable syphilis) in order to determine the effect of syphilis co-infection on HIV disease progression. In multivariate models censored at highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation or last visit, adjusting for CD4 count, age, race, gender, and hepatitis B and C status, syphilis (confirmed + probable) was not associated with increased hazard of AIDS or death (hazard ratio 0.99, 95% CI 0.73-1.33). Treating HAART as a time-varying covariate or limiting the analysis to only confirmed syphilis cases did not significantly alter the results. Despite transient changes in CD4 counts and viral loads, syphilis does not appear to affect HIV disease progression. C1 [Weintrob, A. C.; Ganeson, A.; Crum-Cianflone, N. F.; Landrum, M. L.; Agan, B. K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD USA. [Weintrob, A. C.; Wortmann, G. W.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Gu, W.] SAIC Frederick, Biostat Res Branch, Frederick, MD USA. [Qin, J.; Foliman, D.] NIAID, Biostat Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Robertson, J.; Landrum, M. L.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Crum-Cianflone, N. F.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Ganeson, A.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Weintrob, AC (reprint author), 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Ward 63,Room 6312, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Amy.Weintrob@amedd.army.mil OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS); HHS/NIH/NIAID/DCR [HU0001-05-2-0011]; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases FX We would like to thank the patients without whom none of this work would be possible. We would also like to thank the research coordinators and support staff who diligently work on the DoD HIV NHS as well as the members of the IDCRP HIV Working Group. Support for this work was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS). The IDCRP is a Department of Defense tri-service programme executed through USUHS and the Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), in collaboration with HHS/NIH/NIAID/DCR through Interagency Agreement HU0001-05-2-0011. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors, and are not to be construed as official, or as reflecting the views of the Departments of the Army, Navy, Air Force or the Department of Defense. The authors have no commercial or other association that might pose a conflict of interest.; This project has also been funded in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. This research was supported in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD JAN PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 BP 57 EP 59 DI 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009164 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 549TY UT WOS:000274078400012 PM 19933204 ER PT S AU Moore, S AF Moore, Sean BE Bentley, J Gupta, A Youngworth, RN TI Anamorphic Eyepiece for Increased Field of View SO INTERNATIONAL OPTICAL DESIGN CONFERENCE 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on International Optical Design CY JUN 13-17, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP Opt Soc Amer (OSA), SPIE, CDGM Glass Co, Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, CREOLE, Coll Opt & Photon, Univ Cent Florida, Inst Opt, Univ Rochester, Opt Res Assoc, Schott N Amer Inc, OSA Fdn AB An innovative design for an anamorphic eyepiece is described, which uses a microlens array with complicated surface features used in conjunction with a modified microdisplay to provide a high resolution image with a panoramic field of view. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Moore, S (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-082-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7652 AR 76520F DI 10.1117/12.868953 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSU93 UT WOS:000285843900015 ER PT S AU Vizgaitis, JN AF Vizgaitis, Jay N. BE Bentley, J Gupta, A Youngworth, RN TI Optical concepts for dual band infrared continuous zoom lenses SO INTERNATIONAL OPTICAL DESIGN CONFERENCE 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on International Optical Design CY JUN 13-17, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP Opt Soc Amer (OSA), SPIE, CDGM Glass Co, Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, CREOLE, Coll Opt & Photon, Univ Cent Florida, Inst Opt, Univ Rochester, Opt Res Assoc, Schott N Amer Inc, OSA Fdn DE optics; infrared; dual band; LWIR; MWIR; continuous zoom ID SYSTEMS AB Dual band focal plane arrays enable the simultaneous imaging of the MWIR and LWIR onto the same detector. Each spectral band is read out independently providing a separable MWIR and LWIR image. The development of this technology has necessitated the further development of dual band optics. Although reflective solutions simplify the need for color correction, multiple field of view reflective optics do not package nearly as well as refractive or catadioptric solutions. Dual band optical systems require that both bands focus at the same image plane at the same time. The challenge lies with the very broad spectral band of 3.5 - 11.0 microns, the different partial dispersions between the MWIR and LWIR, and the need to minimize the number of lenses to maximize transmission. This paper looks at the development of refractive and catadioptric concepts for designing continuous zoom lenses for dual band detectors. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Vizgaitis, JN (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-082-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7652 AR 76522E DI 10.1117/12.871352 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSU93 UT WOS:000285843900086 ER PT S AU Boc, SJ Burg, EC AF Boc, S. J. Burg, E. C. BE Favro, S Brebbia, CA TI Innovative shore protection for island communities SO ISLAND SUSTAINABILITY SE WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Island Sustainability CY 2010 CL Island Brac, CROATIA SP Wexxex Inst Technol, Hydrog Inst Republic Croatia, WIT Transact Ecol & Environm DE reefs; artificial reefs; shore protection; innovative shore protection; plastic traffic barriers AB The National Erosion Control Development and Demonstration Program (Section 227) was authorized by the Water Resource and Development Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-303, 110 stat. 3658, dated October 12, 1996) with the goal of fostering development of innovative and non-traditional methods of shoreline erosion control Sacred Falls State Park on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, was selected as one of the demonstration sites to combat erosion along a section of shoreline that is threatening to encroach upon the state highway. The innovation in shore protection at the Sacred Falls site was chosen to be an offshore reef structure that could be constructed at a remote site with manpower utilizing off the shelf materials and without the use of heavy equipment. Various artificial reef shapes and materials, such as vertical lengths of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) 0.6 m (24 in) pipe, traffic barriers, and large storage units, were considered and tested in an undistorted linear scale of 1:16 (model:prototype) physical model. Modeling efforts focused on determining barrier arrangements best suited to reduce wave heights leeward of the structure. As a result of this 3-D physical model study, and due to their off the shelf nature, the YODOCK traffic barrier in a three pack was found to be a viable option for the conditions at the site. This low cost and effective erosion reduction technology has applicability in emergency and short term situations in shallow water island environments to protect infrastructure. C1 [Boc, S. J.; Burg, E. C.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Boc, SJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1743-3541 BN 978-1-84564-434-5 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2010 VL 130 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.2495/ISLANDS100181 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BQK06 UT WOS:000281197700018 ER PT B AU Catignani, S AF Catignani, Sergio BE Jones, C Catignani, S TI Israeli counter-insurgency strategy and the quest for security in the Israeli-Lebanese conflict arena SO ISRAEL AND HIZBOLLAH: AN ASYMMETRIC CONFLICT IN HISTORICAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE SE Middle Eastern Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Catignani, Sergio] Univ Sussex, Dept Int Relat, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. [Catignani, Sergio] USA, Brigade Combat Team Airborne 4, Infantry Div 25, Washington, DC USA. RP Catignani, S (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Dept Int Relat, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-86552-1 J9 MIDDLE E MIL STUD PY 2010 BP 67 EP + PG 27 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BNA63 UT WOS:000274030800006 ER PT B AU Catignani, S AF Catignani, Sergio BE Jones, C Catignani, S TI Israel and Hizbollah An asymmetric conflict in historical and comparative perspective Conclusion SO ISRAEL AND HIZBOLLAH: AN ASYMMETRIC CONFLICT IN HISTORICAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE SE Middle Eastern Military Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Catignani, Sergio] Univ Sussex, Dept Int Relat, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. [Catignani, Sergio] USA, Brigade Combat Team Airborne 4, Infantry Div 25, Washington, DC USA. RP Catignani, S (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Dept Int Relat, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-86552-1 J9 MIDDLE E MIL STUD PY 2010 BP 163 EP + PG 7 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BNA63 UT WOS:000274030800011 ER PT J AU Leonhard, RR Buchanan, TH Hillman, JL Nolen, JM Galpin, TJ AF Leonhard, Robert R. Buchanan, Thomas H. Hillman, James L. Nolen, John M. Galpin, Timothy J. TI A Concept for Command and Control SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Article AB A concept for command and control (C2) is an effort to envision the future operational environment accurately and develop general requirements for C2. It represents an attempt to break with Cold War and Industrial Age paradigms and instead meet the future on its own terms. The writers of this article strive to find the balance between developing technology on the one hand and the essential humanity of conflict on the other. Above all, they call for flexibility, because the future operational environment will offer myriad, diverse challenges and conditions. The goal is a future C2 system of systems that facilitates strategic, operational, and tactical success. C1 [Buchanan, Thomas H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Whiting Sch Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nolen, John M.] USA, Washington, DC USA. EM robert.leonhard@jhuapl.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: TECHNICAL DIGEST JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1W-131, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PY 2010 VL 29 IS 2 BP 157 EP 170 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 669XU UT WOS:000283384300007 ER PT J AU LaSalvia, JC Campbell, J Swab, JJ McCauley, JW AF LaSalvia, J. C. Campbell, J. Swab, J. J. McCauley, J. W. TI Beyond Hardness: Ceramics and Ceramic-Based Composites for Protection SO JOM LA English DT Article ID TUNGSTEN LONG RODS; BORON-CARBIDE; IMPACT VELOCITIES; SILICON-CARBIDE; LAYERED CERAMICS; INTERFACE DEFEAT; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; PENETRATION; FAILURE; TOUGHNESS AB Because of their lightweight and high hardness, ceramics have been successfully used in protection technologies for over 40 Years. The high hardness of a ceramic enables it to break, fragment, and deform impacting projectiles. This paper deals with a number of issues connected to the application of ceramics to ballistic protection, including ceramic hardness, inelastic deformation mechanisms, basic ballistic phenomenology and experimentation, ceramic damage due to ballistic impact, performance/failure maps based upon specific damage/failure mechanisms, and what possible future types of ceramics the suppression of these damage failure mechanisms guide us to. C1 [LaSalvia, J. C.; Campbell, J.; Swab, J. J.; McCauley, J. W.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL WMM D, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. RP LaSalvia, JC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL WMM D, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. EM jlasalvi@arl.army.mil NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2010 VL 62 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 542ZJ UT WOS:000273538000004 ER PT J AU Grier, T Knapik, JJ Canada, S Canham-Chervak, M Jones, BH AF Grier, Tyson Knapik, Joseph J. Canada, Sara Canham-Chervak, Michelle Jones, Bruce H. TI Tobacco Use Prevalence and Factors Associated with Tobacco Use in New US Army Personnel SO JOURNAL OF ADDICTIVE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ordnance school; injury; illness; basic combat training; ethnicity; cigarettes; army; military ID SMOKELESS TOBACCO; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; MILITARY PERSONNEL; BASIC TRAINEES; POPULATION; GENDER; ADULTS; ADOLESCENTS; PREDICTORS AB This study examined the prevalence of tobacco use and factors associated with pre-military service cigarette and smokeless tobacco use. From January 2000 to December 2006, military students arriving for Advanced Individual Training at the U.S. Army Ordnance School completed a questionnaire that asked about their use of tobacco products. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use from 2000 to 2006 for women generally decreased, as did the number of cigarettes smoked per day by men. For men and women, factors associated with cigarette use included younger age, Caucasian race, and use of smokeless tobacco. Factors associated with smokeless tobacco use among men included younger age, Caucasian race, and cigarette use. For women, cigarette use was the only factor associated with smokeless tobacco use. The identified factors in this study could be used to establish strategies in the future to reduce tobacco use in the military. C1 [Grier, Tyson; Knapik, Joseph J.; Canada, Sara; Canham-Chervak, Michelle; Jones, Bruce H.] USA, Publ Hlth Command, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Grier, T (reprint author), USA, Publ Hlth Command, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Tyson.Grier@us.army.mil NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1055-0887 J9 J ADDICT DIS JI J. Addict. Dis. PY 2010 VL 29 IS 3 BP 284 EP 293 AR PII 924379074 DI 10.1080/10550887.2010.489445 PG 10 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 626JY UT WOS:000279963500004 PM 20635278 ER PT J AU Long, LN Kelley, TD AF Long, Lyle N. Kelley, Troy D. TI Review of Consciousness and the Possibility of Conscious Robots SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID INTELLIGENCE; MODELS; BRAIN; MIND AB This paper discusses the psychological, philosophical, and neurological definitions of consciousness and the prospects for the development of conscious machines or robots in the foreseeable future. Various definitions of consciousness are introduced and discussed within the different fields mentioned. A conscious machine or robot may be within the realm of engineering possibilities if current technological developments, especially Moore's law, continue at their current pace. Given the complexity of cognition and consciousness a hybrid parallel architecture with significant input/output appears to offer the best solution for the implementation of a complex system of systems which functionally approximates a human mind. Ideally, this architecture would include traditional symbolic representations as well as distributed representations which approximate the nonlinear dynamics seen in the human brain. C1 [Long, Lyle N.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kelley, Troy D.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 20783 USA. RP Long, LN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lnl@psu.edu FU California Institute of Technology; Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-1-0844]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory [TCN 07-305] FX Lyle N. Long gratefully acknowledges support as a Moore Distinguished Scholar (2007-2008) at the California Institute of Technology, support from the Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N00014-05-1-0844), and support from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (Contract No. TCN 07-305). We also acknowledge the valuable comments from Victoria Braithwaite and Scott Hanford. And finally, we would like to thank the reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 BP 68 EP 84 DI 10.2514/1.46188 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 563KT UT WOS:000275131600002 ER PT J AU Tomasino, SF Rastogi, VK Wallace, L Smith, LS Hamilton, MA Pines, RM AF Tomasino, Stephen F. Rastogi, Vipin K. Wallace, Lalena Smith, Lisa S. Hamilton, Martin A. Pines, Rebecca M. TI Use of Alternative Carrier Materials in AOAC Official Method(SM) 2008.05, Efficacy of Liquid Sporicides Against Spores of Bacillus subtilis on a Hard, Nonporous Surface, Quantitative Three-Step Method SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB The quantitative Three-Step Method (TSM) for testing the efficacy of liquid sporicides against spores of Bacillus subtilis on a hard, nonporous surface lass) was adopted as AOAC Official Method(SM) 2008.05 in May 2008. The TSM uses 5 x 5 x 1 mm coupons (carriers) upon which spores have been inoculated and which are introduced into liquid sporicidal agent contained in a microcentrifulge tube. Following exposure of inoculated carriers and neutralization, spores are removed from carriers in three fractions (gentle washing, fraction A; sonication, fraction 13; and gentle agitation, fraction C). Liquid from each fraction is serially diluted and plated on a recovery medium for spore enumeration. The counts are summed over the three fractions to provide the density (viable spores per carrier), which is log(10)-transformed to arrive at the log density. The log reduction is calculated by subtracting the mean log density for treated carriers from the mean log density for control carriers. This paper presents a single-laboratory investigation conducted to evaluate the applicability of using two porous carrier materials (ceramic the and untreated pine wood) and one alternative nonporous material (stainless steel). Glass carriers were included in the study as the reference material. Inoculated carriers were evaluated against three commercially available liquid sporicides (sodium hypochlorite, a combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, and glutaraldehyde), each at two levels of presumed efficacy (medium and high) to provide data for assessing the responsiveness of the TSM. Three coupons of each material were evaluated across three replications at each level; three replications of a control were required. Even though all carriers were inoculated with approximately the same number of spores, the observed counts of recovered spores were consistently higher for the nonporous carriers. For control carriers, the mean log densities for the four materials ranged from 6.63 for wood to 7.14 for steel. The pairwise differences between mean log densities, except for glass minus steel, were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The repeatability standard deviations (S-r) for the mean control log density per test were similar for the four materials, ranging from 0.08 for wood to 0.13 for tile. Spore recovery from the carrier materials ranged from approximately 20 to 70%: 20% (pine wood), 40% (ceramic tile), 55% (glass), and 70% (steel). Although the percent spore recovery from pine wood was significantly lower than that from other materials, the performance data indicate that the TSM provides a repeatable and responsive test for determining the efficacy of liquid sporicides on both porous and nonporous materials. C1 [Tomasino, Stephen F.; Pines, Rebecca M.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Microbiol Lab Branch, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Rastogi, Vipin K.; Wallace, Lalena; Smith, Lisa S.] USA, BioDefense Team, R&T Directorate, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Hamilton, Martin A.] Big Sky Stat Analysts LLC, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Tomasino, SF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Microbiol Lab Branch, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM Tomasino.Stephen@epamail.epa.gov RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013 NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 93 IS 1 BP 259 EP 276 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 563AD UT WOS:000275096600032 PM 20334188 ER PT J AU Clayton, JD AF Clayton, J. D. TI Modeling nonlinear electromechanical behavior of shocked silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE brittle fracture; ceramics; compressive strength; dislocation loops; edge dislocations; elastic constants; electrostriction; high-pressure effects; high-temperature effects; piezoelectricity; point defects; silicon compounds; thermal expansion; thermoelasticity; wide band gap semiconductors; yield strength ID X-CUT QUARTZ; SIC SINGLE-CRYSTALS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-PRESSURE; INELASTIC DEFORMATION; PIEZOELECTRIC CURRENT; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; WAVE COMPRESSION AB A model is developed for anisotropic ceramic crystals undergoing potentially large deformations that can occur under significant pressures or high temperatures. The model is applied to describe silicon carbide (SiC), with a focus on alpha-SiC, specifically hexagonal polytype 6H. Incorporated in the description are nonlinear anisotropic thermoelasticity, electrostriction, and piezoelectricity. The response of single crystals of alpha-SiC of various orientations subjected to one-dimensional shock loading is modeled for open- and short-circuit boundary conditions. The influences of elastic and electromechanical nonlinearity and anisotropy on the response to impact are quantified. For elastic axial compressive strains less than 0.1, piezoelectricity, electrostriction, and thermal expansion have a negligible influence on the mechanical (stress) response, but the influences of nonlinear elasticity (third-order elastic constants) and anisotropy are not insignificant. The model is extended to incorporate inelastic deformation and lattice defects. Addressed are Shockley partial dislocations on the basal plane and edge dislocation loops on the prism plane, dilatation from point defects and elastic fields of dislocation lines, and cleavage fracture. The results suggest that electric current generated in shock-loaded alpha-SiC crystals of certain orientations could affect the dislocation mobility and hence the yield strength at high pressure. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Clayton, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jclayton@arl.army.mil RI Clayton, John/C-7760-2009 NR 93 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 1 AR 013520 DI 10.1063/1.3277030 PG 18 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 544WF UT WOS:000273689600035 ER PT J AU Glomski, LM Netherland, MD AF Glomski, Leeann M. Netherland, M. D. TI Response of Eurasian and Hybrid Watermilfoil to Low Use Rates and Extended Exposures of 2,4-D and Triclopyr SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic herbicides; chemical control; Myriophyllum spicatum; Myriophyllum spicatum x Myriophyllum sibiricum ID EFFICACY AB Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) and hybrid watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum x M. sibiricum) are invasive submersed plants that coexist in the Great Lakes and Pacific Northwest regions. The auxin-mimic herbicides triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) are commonly used to control these species at recommended use rates of 1.5 to 2.5 mg L(-1) and 2.0 to 4.0 mg L(-1), respectively. Recent field data suggest that following some early season applications, control of watermilfoil may be related to extended exposures to low concentrations of these herbicides. Two greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of lower concentrations and extended exposures of 2,4-D and triclopyr on both Eurasian and hybrid watermilfoil. Concentrations evaluated included 0, 25, 70, 100 and 250 mu g L(-1) 2,4-D amine or triclopyr. At 7 weeks after treatment, Eurasian watermilfoil biomass was significantly reduced with all rates of 2,4-D and triclopyr in both studies. Triclopyr at rates of 70 to 250 mu g L(-1) controlled hybrid watermilfoil by 88 to 100% in study 1, while all rates of triclopyr resulted in 100% control of hybrid watermilfoil in study 2. The 2,4-D treatments of 25 to 100 mu g L were not different from the untreated control, whereas the 250 mu g L(-1) treatment resulted in a 95% biomass reduction for hybrid milfoil in study 1. In study 2, 2,4-D at 70 mu g L(-1) and higher controlled hybrid watermilfoil by 93 to 100%. Results from these studies indicate that low rates and extended exposures of both triclopyr and 2,4-D can be effective at controlling both Eurasian and hybrid watermilfoil; however, different hybrid watermilfoil accessions may respond differently to low concentrations of the auxin-mimic herbicides. The ability to utilize low concentrations of these compounds in areas with limited water exchange may represent a cost-effective, selective, and large-scale treatment strategy not fully utilized today. C1 [Glomski, Leeann M.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Lewisville, TX 75057 USA. [Netherland, M. D.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Glomski, LM (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 201 E Jones St, Lewisville, TX 75057 USA. EM LeeAnn.M.Glom-ski@usace.army.mil NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 22 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 BP 12 EP 14 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 767DG UT WOS:000290834900003 ER PT J AU Poovey, AG Getsinger, KD AF Poovey, Angela G. Getsinger, K. D. TI Comparative Response of Monoecious and Dioecious Hydrilla to Endothall SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic herbicide; chemical control; shoot fragment; submersed aquatic plant; subterranean turion; tuber ID VERTICILLATA LF ROYLE; NORTH-CAROLINA; TURIONS; TUBERS; WATERMILFOIL; PHOTOPERIODS; MANAGEMENT; BIOTYPES AB Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata Royle) is an aggressive submersed weed that has invaded many United States water-bodies. While both the monoecious and dioecious biotypes are present in the United States, monoecious populations have continued to spread along the eastern seaboard and in the Great Lakes Region. There is limited documentation of this biotype's response to herbicides; therefore, we conducted two laboratory studies to compare the efficacy of endothall against monoecious and dioecious hydrilla under various concentrations and exposure times. In the first experiment, plants were propagated from shoot fragments. In the second experiment, plants were propagated from subterranean turions (tubers). Results showed that endothall is efficacious against both monoecious and dioecious hydrilla, reducing biomass by >85% with concentrations of 2 mg ai L(-1) coupled with exposure times of 48 h for dioecious and 72 h for monoecious plants grown from shoot fragments. Higher concentrations (4 mg ai L(-1)) or extended exposure times (96 h) were required to control hydrilla grown from tubers. Treatment of newly sprouted monoecious tubers may be an effective application strategy because most monoecious tubers sprout during spring and summer. Endothall efficacy against monoecious and dioecious hydrilla grown from tubers requires further study. C1 [Poovey, Angela G.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Poovey, AG (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Angela.G.Poovey@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 767DG UT WOS:000290834900004 ER PT J AU Mudge, CR Haller, WT Netherland, MD Kowalsky, JK AF Mudge, Christopher R. Haller, W. T. Netherland, M. D. Kowalsky, J. K. TI Evaluating the Influence of pH-Dependent Hydrolysis on the Efficacy of Flumioxazin for Hydrilla Control SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hydrolysis; protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor ID OXIDASE-INHIBITING HERBICIDES; DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; PEANUT ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE; WEED MANAGEMENT; VERTICILLATA; ACIFLUORFEN; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION AB Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata [L.f.] Royle) is a submersed aquatic weed that continues to spread and create significant management problems in waters throughout the United States. Management tools are limited, and several new herbicide modes of action are being evaluated for control, including flumioxazin (2-[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro3-oxo-4-(2-propyny1)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione), a rapid-acting contact herbicide that targets the plant enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO). Despite the rapid onset of flumioxazin injury symptoms and activity at low concentrations (<100 mu g L(-1)), regrowth of hydrilla from lateral buds was noted within 5 to 13 d after treatment at all concentrations. The lack of a consistent dose-response relationship in prior laboratory and field trials led to the hypothesis that pH-dependent hydrolysis of flumioxazin likely influenced efficacy. We evaluated the response of hydrilla exposed to an initial flumioxazin treatment of 400 mu g L(-1) in low (6.0 to 6.2), medium (7.0 to 7.2), and high (>8.5) pH water. Water samples were collected and the half-life of flumioxazin in low, medium, and high pH water was 39.0, 18.6, and 1.7 h, respectively. The results from these studies indicate that efficacy of flumioxazin, especially when applied to higher pH water, may be reduced via rapid hydrolysis. C1 [Mudge, Christopher R.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Netherland, M. D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Kowalsky, J. K.] Valent USA Corp, Dublin, CA 94568 USA. Scotts Co, Earthgro Topsoil Registered Trademark, Marysville, OH 43041 USA. RP Mudge, CR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Christo-pher.R.Mudge@usace.army.mil FU Valent U.S.A. Corporation; Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Foundation FX The authors thank Valent U.S.A. Corporation for proving product and partial funding of this research as well as the Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Foundation for providing partial funding. Additionally, appreciation is extended to M. S. Glenn, D. G. Mayo, B. W. Bultemeier, C. Hulon, and L. A. Gettys for plant maintenance and harvest. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. Citation of trade names does not constitute endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 767DG UT WOS:000290834900006 ER PT J AU Mudge, CR Haller, WT AF Mudge, Christopher R. Haller, W. T. TI Effect of pH on Submersed Aquatic Plant Response to Flumioxazin SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ceratophyllum demersum; chemical control; EC(50): Effective Concentration 50; Egeria densa; Hydrilla verticillata; protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; Vallisneria americana ID PREPLANT AB Flumioxazin (2[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-(2-propynyl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione) was applied to the submersed aquatic plant species coontail (Ceratophyllum demeaum L.), egeria (Egeria densa Planch.), hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata [Lf.] Royle), and vallisneria ( Vallisneria americana Michaux) at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mu g active ingredient (a.i.) under high (9.0) and neutral (7.0) pH. Flumioxazin was more efficacious when applied to plants growing in neutral pH conditions than when applied under high pH conditions. Coontail was the only submersed species to be controlled in high pH conditions at the maximum label Experimental Use Permit (EUP) concentration of 400 mu g L(-1) Other species evaluated in this study required concentrations >3194 mu g L(-1) to reduce biomass by 50% when applied to high pH water. In contrast, plants exposed in neutral pH water conditions, were often severely injured following exposure to flumioxazin. Increasing tolerance of species treated in neutral pH water based on dry-weight calculated effective concentration 50% (EC(50)) values were (in pg L(-1)) coontail (34), hydrilla (77), vallisneria (1244), and egeria (3285). Flumioxazin concentrations as low as 50 pg L(-1) initially injured (bleaching, reddening, and defoliation) most plant species at both pHs; however, plants generally began to produce some healthy new growth prior to harvest. Results of these studies demonstrated a differential species tolerance to flumioxazin and a potential for a strong influence of pH to impact treatment efficacy as well as selectivity. C1 [Mudge, Christopher R.] USA, Army Engineer Res & Dev, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Mudge, Christopher R.; Haller, W. T.] Univ Florida, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Scotts Co, Marysville, OH 43041 USA. RP Mudge, CR (reprint author), USA, Army Engineer Res & Dev, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Christo-pher.R.Mudge@usace.army.mil FU Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Foundation; Valent U.S.A. Corporation; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Invasive Plant Management Section FX We thank the Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Foundation, Valent U.S.A. Corporation, and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Invasive Plant Management Section for partial funding of this research. Product was provided by Valent. Additionally, appreciation is extended to B. W. Bultemeier, M. S. Glenn, D. G. Mayo, and T. F. Chiconela for plant maintenance and harvest. M. D. Netherland, A. G. Poovey, and L. M. Glomski kindly provided reviews of this manuscript. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. Citation of trade names does not constitute endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 BP 30 EP 34 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 767DG UT WOS:000290834900007 ER PT J AU Cameron, KL Owens, BD DeBerardino, TM AF Cameron, Kenneth L. Owens, Brett D. DeBerardino, Thomas M. TI Incidence of Ankle Sprains Among Active-Duty Members of the United States Armed Services From 1998 Through 2006 SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Article DE injury epidemiology; injury surveillance; military populations ID RISK-FACTORS; LATERAL ANKLE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; INJURIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SPORTS; WOMEN; MEN; POPULATION; PROPENSITY AB Context: Ankle sprains have been reported as one of the most common injuries sustained by members of the US Armed Services. However, little is known about the incidence rate and injury patterns associated with ankle sprains in this population. Objective: To examine the incidence of ankle sprains among active-duty members of the US Armed Services from 1998 through 2006. A secondary objective was to describe the sex, age, and service-specific injury patterns in this young, physically active population. Design: Cohort study. Patients or Other Participants: All active-duty service members from the day they enter military service until the day they leave military service and US Army Reserve and National Guard service members during periods of active duty and mobilization. Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury data were extracted from the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database from 1998 through 2006. All data for ankle sprains, coded according to the International Classification of Diseases (9th revision), were included. Cases were limited to those injuries reported as first occurrences. Incidence rates (IRs) were calculated per 1000 person-years by sex, age, and service. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the strength of association between the incidence of ankle sprain and the independent variables of sex, age, and service. Results: From 1998 through 2006, 423581 service members sustained ankle sprains and 12 118 863 person-years at risk to injury were documented in this population. The incidence rate was 34.95 (95% CI = 34.85, 35.06) per 1000 person-years at risk. Females were 21% more likely (IRR = 1.21, 95% Cl = 1.21, 1.23) to sustain an ankle sprain than males. Sex-specific IR varied by age and service. Differences in the rate of ankle sprains were also noted by age and service. Conclusions: The incidence of ankle sprains among US service members was 5 times greater than that previously reported in civilian population studies. Sex, age, and branch of military service are important factors related to the incidence of ankle sprains in this population. C1 [Cameron, Kenneth L.; Owens, Brett D.; DeBerardino, Thomas M.] US Mil Acad, Keller Army Hosp, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Cameron, KL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Keller Army Hosp, 900 Washington Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM kenneth.cameron@amedd.army.mil OI DeBerardino, Thomas/0000-0002-7110-8743 NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.4085/1062-6050-45.1.29 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 547UX UT WOS:000273916100004 PM 20064045 ER PT J AU Cameron, KL AF Cameron, Kenneth L. TI TIME FOR A PARADIGM SHIFT IN CONCEPTUALIZING RISK FACTORS IN SPORTS INJURY RESEARCH SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Editorial Material ID CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PREVENTION; ETIOLOGY; PLAYERS; PROGRAM; MODEL; ACL C1 Keller Army Hosp, West Point, NY USA. RP Cameron, KL (reprint author), Keller Army Hosp, West Point, NY USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 58 EP 60 DI 10.4085/1062-6050-45.1.58 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 547UX UT WOS:000273916100008 PM 20064049 ER PT J AU Ruff, AL Dillman, JF AF Ruff, Albert L. Dillman, James F., III TI Sulfur Mustard Induced Cytokine Production and Cell Death: Investigating the Potential Roles of the p38, p53, and NF-kappa B Signaling Pathways with RNA Interference SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sulfur mustard; Inflammation; p38MAPK; NF-kappa B; p53; Cell death ID 2-CHLOROETHYL ETHYL SULFIDE; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; FACTOR-ALPHA; MECHANISM; INJURY; SKIN; ACETYLCYSTEINE; PROLIFERATION; ACTIVATION AB Cutaneous and ocular injuries caused by sulfur mustard (SM; bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide) are characterized by severe inflammation and death of exposed cells. Given the known roles of p38MAPK and NF-kappa B in inflammatory cytokine production, and the known roles of NF-kappa B and p53 in cell fate, these pathways are of particular interest in the study of SM injury. In this study, we utilized inhibitory RNA (RNAi) targeted against p38 alpha(, the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B, or p53 to characterize their role in SM-induced inflammation and cell death in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). Analysis of culture supernatant from 200 mu M SM-exposed cells showed that inflammatory cytokine production was inhibited by p38c alpha RNAi but not by NF-kappa B p50 RNAi. These findings further support a critical role for p38 in SM-induced inflammatory cytokine production in NHEK and suggest that NF-kappa B may not play a role in the SM-induced inflammatory response of this cell type. Inhibition of NF-kappa B by p50 RNAi did, however, partially inhibit SM-induced cell death, suggesting a role for NF-kappa B in SM-induced apoptosis or necrosis. Interestingly, inhibition of p53 by RNAi potentiated SM-induced cell death, suggesting that the role of p53 in SM injury, may be complex and not simply prodeath. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:155-164, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10:1002/jbt.20321 C1 [Ruff, Albert L.; Dillman, James F., III] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Cell & Mol Biol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Dillman, JF (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Cell & Mol Biol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM james.dillman@us.army.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office, Medical ST Division FX Contract Grant Sponsor: Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office, Medical S&T Division. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 3 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1002/jbt.20321 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 615AD UT WOS:000279100300002 PM 20143454 ER PT J AU Hafeman, AE Zienkiewicz, KJ Carney, E Litzner, B Stratton, C Wenke, JC Guelcher, SA AF Hafeman, Andrea E. Zienkiewicz, Katarzyna J. Carney, Erin Litzner, Brandon Stratton, Charles Wenke, Joseph C. Guelcher, Scott A. TI Local Delivery of Tobramycin from Injectable Biodegradable Polyurethane Scaffolds SO JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION LA English DT Article DE Scaffold; polyurethane; biodegradable; sustained release; antibiotic; tobramycin; Staphylococcus aureus; local delivery ID BONE-GRAFT SUBSTITUTES; SOFT-TISSUE APPLICATIONS; IN-VITRO DEGRADATION; OPEN FRACTURES; POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE BEADS; DRUG-DELIVERY; GROWTH-FACTOR; ILIAC CREST; OSTEOMYELITIS; INFECTION AB Infections often compromise the healing of open fractures. While local antibiotic delivery from PMMA beads is an established clinical treatment of infected fractures, surgical removal of the beads is required before implanting a bone graft. A more ideal therapy would comprise a scaffold and antibiotic delivery system administered in one procedure. Biodegradable polyurethane (PUR) scaffolds have been shown in previous studies to promote new bone formation in vivo, but their potential to control infection through release of antibiotics has not been investigated. In this study, injectable PUR scaffolds incorporating tobramycin were prepared by reactive liquid molding. Scaffolds had compressive moduli of 15-115 kPa and porosities ranging from 85-93%. Tobramycin release was characterized by a 45-95% burst (tuned by the addition of PEG), followed by up to 2 weeks of sustained release, with total release 4-5-times greater than equivalent volumes of PMMA beads. Released tobramycin remained biologically active against Staphylococcus aureus, as verified by Kirby-Bauer assays. Similar results were observed for the antibiotics colistin and tigecycline. The versatility of the materials, as well as their potential for injection and controlled release, may present promising opportunities for new therapies for healing of infected wounds. (c) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2010 C1 [Hafeman, Andrea E.; Zienkiewicz, Katarzyna J.; Guelcher, Scott A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Carney, Erin; Litzner, Brandon; Stratton, Charles] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pathol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Wenke, Joseph C.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Guelcher, SA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 2301 Vanderbilt Pl,VU Stn B 351604, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM scott.guelcher@vanderbilt.edu FU US Army Institute for Surgical Research [DOD-W81XWH-06-1-0654]; Orthopaedic Trauma Research Program [DOD-W81XWH-07-1-0211] FX This work was funded by the US Army Institute for Surgical Research (DOD-W81XWH-06-1-0654) and the Orthopaedic Trauma Research Program (DOD-W81XWH-07-1-0211). NR 52 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 13 PU VSP BV PI LEIDEN PA BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5063 J9 J BIOMAT SCI-POLYM E JI J. Biomater. Sci.-Polym. Ed. PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 BP 95 EP 112 DI 10.1163/156856209X410256 PG 18 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 549LN UT WOS:000274050600007 PM 20040156 ER PT J AU Nuss, JE Ruthel, G Tressler, LE Wanner, LM Torres-Melendez, E Hale, ML Bavari, S AF Nuss, Jonathan E. Ruthel, Gordon Tressler, Lyal E. Wanner, Laura M. Torres-Melendez, Edna Hale, Martha L. Bavari, Sina TI Development of Cell-Based Assays to Measure Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Activity Using Cleavage-Sensitive Antibodies SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING LA English DT Article DE botulism; cell-based assay; drug discovery; high-throughput screening; assay development ID INFANT BOTULISM; IDENTIFICATION; HEADACHE; NEURONS; TOXIN; NERVE AB Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are zinc-metalloproteases that cleave components of the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) protein complex, inhibiting acetylcholine release into neuromuscular junctions, resulting in flaccid paralysis and eventual death. The potential for the malicious misuse of these toxins as bioweapons has created an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic countermeasures. Robust cell-based assays will be essential for lead identification and the optimization of therapeutic candidates. In this study, the authors developed novel BoNT serotype A (BoNT/A) cleavage-sensitive (BACS) antibodies that only interact with full-length SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa), the molecular target of the BoNT/A serotype. These antibodies exhibit high specificity for full-length SNAP-25, allowing the BoNT/A-mediated proteolysis of this protein to be measured in diverse assay formats, including several variations of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and multiple immunofluorescence methods. Assays built around the BACS antibodies displayed excellent sensitivity, had excellent reproducibility, and were amenable to multiwell formats. Importantly, these assays provided novel methods for evaluating BoNT/A activity in cellular models of intoxication and allowed for the high-throughput evaluation of experimental compounds. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2010: 42-51) C1 [Nuss, Jonathan E.; Ruthel, Gordon; Tressler, Lyal E.; Wanner, Laura M.; Torres-Melendez, Edna; Hale, Martha L.; Bavari, Sina] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bavari, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM sina.bavari@amedd.army.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [3.10084_09_RD_B] FX This research was supported by a grant awarded to S. B. from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (3.10084_09_RD_B). Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the US Army. We also thank Dr. Jim Burnett for his careful review of the manuscript. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1087-0571 J9 J BIOMOL SCREEN JI J. Biomol. Screen PD JAN PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1177/1087057109354779 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA 544JB UT WOS:000273650900005 PM 19965805 ER PT J AU Sterbis, JR Rice, KR Javitt, MC Schenkman, NS Brassell, SA AF Sterbis, Joseph R. Rice, Kevin R. Javitt, Marcia C. Schenkman, Noah S. Brassell, Stephen A. TI Fusion Imaging: A Novel Staging Modality in Testis Cancer SO JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE Germ Cell; Imaging; Positron Emission Tomography; Staging; Testis Cancer AB Objective: Computed tomography and chest radiographs provide the standard imaging for staging, treatment, and surveillance of testicular germ cell neoplasms. Positron emission tomography has recently been utilized for staging, but is somewhat limited in its ability to provide anatomic localization. Fusion imaging combines the metabolic information provided by positron emission tomography with the anatomic precision of computed tomography. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first study of the effectiveness using fusion imaging in evaluation of patients with testis cancer. Methods: A prospective study of 49 patients presenting to Walter Reed Army Medical Center with testicular cancer from 2003 to 2009 was performed. Fusion imaging was compared with conventional imaging, tumor markers, pathologic results, and clinical follow-up. Results: There were 14 true positives, 33 true negatives, 1 false positive, and 1 false negative. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 93.3, 97.0, 93.3, and 97.0% respectively. In 11 patient scenarios, fusion imaging differed from conventional imaging. Utility was found in superior lesion detection compared to helical computed tomography due to anatomical/functional image co-registration, detection of micrometastasis in lymph nodes (pathologic nodes < 1cm), surveillance for recurrence post-chemotherapy, differentiating fibrosis from active disease in nodes < 2.5cm, and acting as a quality assurance measure to computed tomography alone. Conclusions: In addition to demonstrating a sensitivity and specificity comparable or superior to conventional imaging, fusion imaging shows promise in providing additive data that may assist in clinical decision-making. C1 [Sterbis, Joseph R.; Rice, Kevin R.; Schenkman, Noah S.; Brassell, Stephen A.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Javitt, Marcia C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Brassell, SA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bldg 2,Ward 56,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Stephen.Brassell@amedd.army.mil NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IVYSPRING INT PUBL PI LAKE HAVEN PA PO BOX 4546, LAKE HAVEN, NSW 2263, AUSTRALIA SN 1837-9664 J9 J CANCER JI J. Cancer PY 2010 VL 1 BP 223 EP 229 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V28QL UT WOS:000208695200027 PM 21103077 ER PT J AU Roberts, TM Wang, P Kraus, NC AF Roberts, Tiffany M. Wang, Ping Kraus, Nicholas C. TI Limits of Wave Runup and Corresponding Beach-Profile Change from Large-Scale Laboratory Data SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Beach erosion; nearshore sediment transport; wave breaking; cross-shore sediment transport; physical modeling; surf zone processes ID NATURAL BEACH; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SWASH OSCILLATIONS; SET-UP; FLORIDA AB The dataset from the SUPERTANK laboratory experiment was analyzed to examine wave runup and the corresponding upper limit of beach-profile change. Thirty SUPERTANK runs were investigated that included both erosional and accretionary wave conditions with random and monochromatic waves. The upper limit of beach change U(L) was found to approximately equal the vertical excursion of total wave runup, R(tw). An exception was runs where beach or dune scarps were produced, which substantially limit the uprush of swash motion to produce a much reduced total runup. Based on the SUPERTANK dataset, the vertical extent of wave runup above mean water level on a beach without scarp formation was found to approximately equal the significant breaking wave height, H(bs). Therefore, a new and simple relation R(tw) = H(bs) is proposed. The linear relationship between total runup and breaking wave height is supported by a conceptual derivation. In addition, the relation is extended to U(L) = R(tw) = H(bs) to approximate the upper limit of beach change. This formula accurately reproduced the measured upper limit of beach change from the three-dimensional experiments in the Corps' large-scale sediment transport facility. For the studied laboratory cases, predictions of wave runup were not improved by including a slope-dependent surf-similarity parameter. The limit of wave runup was substantially less for monochromatic waves than for random waves, attributed to absence of low-frequency motion. C1 [Roberts, Tiffany M.; Wang, Ping] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Kraus, Nicholas C.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Roberts, TM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM tmrobert@cas.usf.edu FU U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center; University of South Florida FX This study is jointly funded by the Coastal Inlet Research Program (CIRP) at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center and the University of South Florida. Constructive reviews by Dr. Nicole Elko and two anonymous reviewers are acknowledged. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 184 EP 198 DI 10.2112/08-1097.1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 549IL UT WOS:000274041300018 ER PT J AU Mahajan, A Alexander, LS Seabolt, BS Catrambone, DE McClung, JP Odle, J Pfeiler, TW Loboa, EG Stahl, CH AF Mahajan, A. Alexander, L. S. Seabolt, B. S. Catrambone, D. E. McClung, J. P. Odle, J. Pfeiler, T. W. Loboa, E. G. Stahl, C. H. TI Dietary calcium affects neonatal bone development and mesenchymal stem cell activity. SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE calcium; mesenchymal stem cells; pig C1 [Mahajan, A.; Alexander, L. S.; Seabolt, B. S.; Odle, J.; Stahl, C. H.] N Carolina State Univ, Lab Dev Nutr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Catrambone, D. E.; McClung, J. P.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Pfeiler, T. W.; Loboa, E. G.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC USA. RI McClung, James/A-1989-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PY 2010 VL 93 SU 1 BP 660 EP 661 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 822NU UT WOS:000295056202491 ER PT J AU Ziemer, C Arcidiacano, S Ragauskas, A Morrison, M AF Ziemer, C. Arcidiacano, S. Ragauskas, A. Morrison, M. TI Increased fiber digestion and decreased fecal output in pigs fed fibrolytic bacteria SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pig; fiber digestion; fecal output C1 [Ziemer, C.] USDA, ARS, Nat Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Arcidiacano, S.] USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Ragauskas, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Morrison, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Morrison, M.] CSIRO Livestock Ind, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PY 2010 VL 93 SU 1 BP 814 EP 814 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 822NU UT WOS:000295056203191 ER PT J AU Farrell, S Brill, G Chen, Y Wijewarnasuriya, PS Rao, MV Dhar, N Harris, K AF Farrell, S. Brill, G. Chen, Y. Wijewarnasuriya, P. S. Rao, Mulpuri V. Dhar, N. Harris, K. TI Ex Situ Thermal Cycle Annealing of Molecular Beam Epitaxy Grown HgCdTe/Si Layers SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe); thermal cycle annealing; etch pit density (EPD); dislocations; molecular beam epitaxy (MBE); silicon (Si); composite substrates ID DISLOCATION REDUCTION; GAAS; PHOTODIODES; DENSITY; CDTE AB We present the results of ex situ thermal cycle annealing (TCA) of molecular beam epitaxy grown mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) on Cd(Se)Te/Si(211) composite substrates. We examined the variation in the etch pit density (EPD) and overall crystalline quality with respect to annealing temperature, number of annealing cycles, total annealing time, pre-annealed EPD/crystal quality, buffer layer quality, and buffer layer lattice constant. Using TCA we observed an order of magnitude reduction in the dislocation density of the HgCdTe layers and a corresponding decrease in x-ray full width at half maximum, when the as-grown layer EPD was on the order of 1 x 10(7) cm(-2). Among all the parameters studied, the one with the greatest influence on reducing EPD was the number of annealing cycles. We also noticed a saturation point where the HgCdTe/Si EPD did not decrease below similar to 1 x 10(6) cm(-2), regardless of further TCA treatment or the as-grown EPD value. C1 [Farrell, S.; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Brill, G.; Chen, Y.; Wijewarnasuriya, P. S.] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Dhar, N.] MTO, DARPA, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Harris, K.] Penn State Electroopt Ctr, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. RP Farrell, S (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM priyalal.wijewarnasuriya@us.army.mil RI Brill, Gregory/G-4877-2013 FU George Mason University (GMU); Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-07-2-0055]; Penn State Electro-Optics Center FX The work at George Mason University (GMU) is supported by the Army Research Office (ARO) under grant no. W911NF-07-2-0055 and also by the Penn State Electro-Optics Center. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s11664-009-0956-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 541GG UT WOS:000273402700008 ER PT J AU Maranich, AM Weisse, M AF Maranich, Ashley M. Weisse, Martin TI POSITIVE CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID CULTURES WITH NORMAL CELL COUNT AND GRAM STAIN SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS C1 [Maranich, Ashley M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Maranich, Ashley M.; Weisse, Martin] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Maranich, AM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. OI Langdorf, Mark/0000-0002-9019-2047 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP 60 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.11.032 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 551OK UT WOS:000274218700014 PM 19665336 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Kim, YK Cadenaro, M Bryan, TE Sidow, SJ Loushine, RJ Ling, JQ Pashley, DH Tay, FR AF Zhang, Kai Kim, Young Kyung Cadenaro, Milena Bryan, Thomas E. Sidow, Stephanie J. Loushine, Robert J. Ling, Jun-qi Pashley, David H. Tay, Franklin R. TI Effects of Different Exposure Times and Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite/Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid on the Structural Integrity of Mineralized Dentin SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE Collagen; denaturation; ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; flexural strength; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; irrigation; sodium hypochlorite; three point bending ID ROOT-CANAL IRRIGANTS; SMEAR LAYER REMOVAL; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BACTERIAL POPULATION; ENDODONTIC IRRIGANTS; IRRIGATION REGIMENS; HYPOCHLORITE; INSTRUMENTATION; COLLAGEN; EDTA AB Introduction: This study tested the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the use of 1.3% NaOCl/17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 5.25% NaOCl/17% EDTA irrigation regimens on the collagen degradation and flexural strength reduction in mineralized dentin. Methods: Dentin powder and mineralized dentin sections were immersed in 1.3% or 5.25% NaOCl for 10-240 minutes and then rinsed with 17% EDTA as the final irrigant for 2 minutes. Untreated mineralized dentin powder/sections served as controls in the respective experiments. Dentin powders were examined by using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to analyze their relative subsurface intact collagen content with the apatite/collagen ratio. Hydrated dentin sections were subjected to 3-point flexure under water for determining their flexural strengths. Results: Collagen degradation was significantly increased and the flexural strength of mineralized dentin was significantly reduced after the use of 5.25% NaOCl as the initial irrigant for more than 1 hour (P < .05). Conversely, changes were insignificant when 1.3% NaOCl was used as the initial irrigant for up to 4 hours (Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, n = 10, P < .05). Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected. The deleterious effects attributed to the use of NaOCl on dentin are concentration-dependent and time-dependent and are not associated with the demineralization caused by the use of EDTA as the final active irrigant. (J Endod 2010;36:105-109) C1 [Bryan, Thomas E.; Loushine, Robert J.; Tay, Franklin R.] Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Zhang, Kai; Ling, Jun-qi] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Operat Dent & Endodont, Guanghua Sch Stomatol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Kim, Young Kyung] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Conservat Dent, Sch Dent, Taegu, South Korea. [Cadenaro, Milena] Univ Trieste, Dept Biomed, Trieste, Italy. [Sidow, Stephanie J.] USA, Dent Activ, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. [Pashley, David H.; Tay, Franklin R.] Med Coll Georgia, Dept Oral Biol, Sch Dent, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Tay, FR (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. EM ftay@mail.mcg.edu RI deniz sungur, derya /H-2540-2016; OI Cadenaro, Milena/0000-0002-3755-3181 FU Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia FX This study was supported by the Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia. The authors are grateful to Drs Jongryul Kim and Li-sha Gu for their technical support and Mrs Michelle Barnes for her secretarial support. NR 35 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 36 IS 1 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2009.10.020 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 617KI UT WOS:000279279200017 PM 20003945 ER PT J AU Fang, SF Gertner, GZ Anderson, AB Howard, HR Sullivan, P Otto, C AF Fang, Shoufan Gertner, George Z. Anderson, Alan B. Howard, Heidi R. Sullivan, Patricia Otto, Chris TI Prediction and uncertainty source analysis of the spatial and temporal disturbance from off-road vehicular traffic in a complex ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Disturbance; Error budget; Off-road vehicle traffic; Uncertainty analysis ID IMPACTS; MODELS AB Vehicle use during military training activities results in soil disturbance and vegetation loss. The capacity of lands to sustain training is a function of the sensitivity of lands to vehicle use and the pattern of land use. The sensitivity of land to vehicle use has been extensively studied. Less well understood are the spatial patterns of vehicle disturbance. Since disturbance from off-road vehicular traffic moving through complex landscapes varies spatially, a spatially explicit nonlinear regression model (disturbance model) was used to predict the pattern of vehicle disturbance across a training facility. An uncertainty analysis of the model predictions assessed the spatial distribution of prediction uncertainty and the contribution of different error sources to that uncertainty. For the most part, this analysis showed that mapping and modeling process errors contributed more than 95% of the total uncertainty of predicted disturbance, while satellite imagery error contributed less than 5% of the uncertainty. When the total uncertainty was larger than a threshold, modeling error contributed 60% to 90% of the prediction uncertainty. Otherwise, mapping error contributed about 10% to 50% of the total uncertainty. These uncertainty sources were further partitioned spatially based on other sources of uncertainties associated with vehicle moment, landscape characterization, satellite imagery, etc. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gertner, George Z.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Fang, Shoufan] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Anderson, Alan B.; Howard, Heidi R.] Engineer Res Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL USA. [Sullivan, Patricia] Engineer Res Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Otto, Chris] Integrated Training Area Management Program, Ft Riley, KS USA. RP Gertner, GZ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gertner@illinois.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 91 IS 3 BP 772 EP 780 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.10.008 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556PC UT WOS:000274602300021 PM 19939549 ER PT J AU Rule, AM Geyh, AS Ramos-Bonilla, JP Mihalic, JN Margulies, JD Polyak, LM Kesavan, J Breysse, PN AF Rule, Ana M. Geyh, Alison S. Ramos-Bonilla, Juan P. Mihalic, Jana N. Margulies, Jared D. Polyak, Lisa M. Kesavan, Jana Breysse, Patrick N. TI Design and characterization of a sequential cyclone system for the collection of bulk particulate matter SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID INDUCED AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLE CONCENTRATOR; ACTIVATION; MORTALITY; POLLUTION; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; CELLS; AEROSOLS; COARSE AB In this paper, we describe the design, development and characterization of a high-volume sequential cyclone system for the collection of size-segregated PM in dry bulk form from the ambient environment in sufficient quantity for physical, chemical and toxicological characterization. The first stage of the system consists of a commercially available high volume PM(10) inlet. The second stage cyclone was designed by us to collect inhalable coarse particles (<10 mu m and >2.5 mu m). When tested individually with a challenge aerosol, a D(50) cut-size of this stage was found to be 2.3 mu m at a flow rate of 1 m(3) min(-1). The third stage, a commercially available cyclone designed for surface dust sampling, had a D(50) cut-size of 0.3 mu m when tested at the same flow rate. The purpose of the third stage is to collect the fine particle portion of PM(2.5) or accumulation mode (PM <2.5 mu m and >0.1 mu m). Thus, the sequential cyclone system will collect bulk samples of both the inhalable coarse particles and the fine particle portion of PM(2.5). The operation and maintenance of the new system are straightforward and allow for reliable collection of dry bulk ambient PM at relatively low cost. C1 [Rule, Ana M.; Geyh, Alison S.; Ramos-Bonilla, Juan P.; Mihalic, Jana N.; Breysse, Patrick N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Margulies, Jared D.] Goucher Coll, Baltimore, MD 21204 USA. [Kesavan, Jana] RDECOM, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aerosol Sci Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Polyak, Lisa M.] USA, Publ Hlth Command, Air Qual Surveillance Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21020 USA. RP Rule, AM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St E6628, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM arule@jhsph.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83241701]; US Environmental Protection Agency [R82672401]; National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences [ES09606, ES03819] FX Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through grant/cooperative agreement # RD-83241701 to Dr Patrick Breysse, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. Additional support was provided by grants from the US Environmental Protection Agency (R82672401) and the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences grant numbers (ES09606 and ES03819). NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1807 EP 1814 DI 10.1039/c0em00034e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 659SB UT WOS:000282586100003 PM 20676427 ER PT J AU Schuh, AJ Li, L Tesh, RB Innis, BL Barrett, ADT AF Schuh, Amy J. Li, Li Tesh, Robert B. Innis, Bruce L. Barrett, Alan D. T. TI Genetic characterization of early isolates of Japanese encephalitis virus: genotype II has been circulating since at least 1951 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; INTRODUCTIONS AB Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) consists of five genotypes (GI-V). Phylogenetic characterization of 16 JEV strains isolated from the 'USSR', Japan and Korea during the 1930-1970s revealed that 15 strains fell into GIII, confirming that GIII was the predominant genotype of JEV in Japan and Korea between 1935 (isolation of the prototype strain; a GIII virus) and the 1990s (when GI supplanted GIII). One of the Korean isolates fell into GII, demonstrating that GII has been circulating for at least 19 years longer than previously thought. Formerly, GII was associated with endemic disease and this genotype had never been isolated north of Southern Thailand. Additionally, the northern border of GIII prevalence was extended from Japan to the 'USSR'. C1 [Schuh, Amy J.; Li, Li; Tesh, Robert B.; Barrett, Alan D. T.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Schuh, Amy J.; Li, Li; Barrett, Alan D. T.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Schuh, Amy J.; Li, Li; Barrett, Alan D. T.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immun, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Schuh, Amy J.; Li, Li; Tesh, Robert B.; Barrett, Alan D. T.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Innis, Bruce L.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Barrett, ADT (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM abarrett@utmb.edu FU NIH [AI 067847, N01-AI 30027, AI 60549] FX We thank the WRAIR for donating the older JEV strains. This work was Supported in part by an NIH grant AI 067847 (to A. D. T. B.) and an NIH contract N01-AI 30027 (to R. B. T.). A. J. S. is supported by an NIH T32 training grant AI 60549. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1099/vir.0.013631-0 PN 1 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 546BM UT WOS:000273782200011 PM 19776238 ER PT J AU Thompson, WC AF Thompson, Wiley C. TI Geointerpretative Opportunities Foster Learning Outside the Classroom SO JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE interpretation; geointerpretation; field trip; geography; geology AB Field trips have long been a part of school activities, learning, and curriculum. The application of interpretive techniques or the interpretive approach can further enhance learning and retention in outside the classroom opportunities. This is especially true when exploring geographic or geologic concepts. This article explores the concept of interpretation and provides an example of an interpretive opportunity developed for local schools. Recommendations on how to develop an effective interpretive program are discussed. C1 [Thompson, Wiley C.] US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Thompson, WC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-1341 J9 J GEOGR JI J. Geogr. PY 2010 VL 109 IS 3 BP 124 EP 129 AR PII 923121001 DI 10.1080/00221341.2010.485549 PG 6 WC Geography SC Geography GA 611ZN UT WOS:000278864300004 ER PT J AU Wachman, GS Biolzi, L Labuz, JF AF Wachman, G. S. Biolzi, L. Labuz, J. F. TI Structural Behavior of a Pile-Supported Embankment SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Earth pressure; Embankment stability; Field tests; Geogrids; Load transfer; Piles; Platforms; Stress distribution AB The stress field in a pile-supported 3.9-m-high embankment was interpreted through three-dimensional finite-element modeling, and evaluated by field measurements involving strain gauges on the piles and earth pressure cells at the top and bottom of a 0.9-m-thick geogrid-reinforced platform. Analyses of the numerical results and the experimental data suggest that a vaultlike arch developed within the embankment, such that the vertical stress at the top of the platform was concentrated above the piles and virtually no vertical stress was measured between the piles. A similar situation existed within the platform, where an almost stress-free region between the piles was experimentally detected and numerically verified. From a structural point of view, a supporting skeleton was formed from a pile extension through the platform, a type of stress diffusion problem, and an arching effect appeared mainly in the embankment due to the very large stiffness of the piles in comparison to the surrounding media. C1 [Wachman, G. S.] US Army Corps Engn, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. [Biolzi, L.] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Labuz, J. F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Wachman, GS (reprint author), US Army Corps Engn, 190 5th St E,Suite 401, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. EM greg.wachman@gmail.com OI Biolzi, Luigi/0000-0003-4839-3627; Labuz, Joseph/0000-0002-7549-0644 FU Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) FX Partial support was provided by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT). Special thanks are extended to the Technical Advisory Panel, especially Richard Lamb, Derrick Dasenbrock, Gary Person, and Glenn Engstrom. This paper represents the results of research conducted by the writers and does not necessarily represent the views of MnDOT. Furthermore, products mentioned in the paper are stated for completeness only, and not as an endorsement. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 136 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000180 PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 542VI UT WOS:000273526700004 ER PT J AU Tape, KD Rutter, N Marshall, HP Essery, R Sturm, M AF Tape, Ken D. Rutter, Nick Marshall, Hans-Peter Essery, Richard Sturm, Matthew TI Recording microscale variations in snowpack layering using near-infrared photography SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-MODEL; SEASONAL SNOW; STRATIGRAPHY; UNCERTAINTY; ALASKA; SCALE; COVER; SLOPE AB Deposition of snow from precipitation and wind events creates layering within seasonal snowpacks. The thickness and horizontal continuity of layers within seasonal snowpacks can be highly variable, due to snow blowing around topography and vegetation, and this has important implications for hydrology, remote sensing and avalanche forecasting. In this paper, we present practical field and post-processing protocols for recording lateral variations in snow stratigraphy using near-infrared (NIR) photography. A Fuji S9100 digital camera, modified lobe sensitive to NIR wavelengths, was mounted on a rail system that allowed for rapid imaging of a 10 m long snow trench excavated on the north side of Toolik Lake, Alaska (68 degrees 38'N, 149 degrees 36'W). Post-processing of the images included removal of lens distortion and vignetting. A tape measure running along the base of the trench provided known locations (control points) that permitted scaling and georeferencing. Snow layer heights estimated from the NIR images compared well with manual stratigraphic measurements made at 0.2 m intervals along the trench (n = 357, R(2) = 0.97). Considerably greater stratigraphic detail was captured by the NIR images than in the manually recorded profiles. NIR imaging of snow trenches using the described protocols is an efficient tool for quantifying continuous microscale variations in snow layers and associated properties. C1 [Tape, Ken D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rutter, Nick] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Marshall, Hans-Peter] Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Essery, Richard] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Sturm, Matthew] USA, Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Tape, KD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, 902 N Koyukuk Dr,POB 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fnkdt@uaf.edu RI Marshall, Hans-Peter/A-2374-2010; Rutter, Nick/F-6998-2014 OI Marshall, Hans-Peter/0000-0002-4852-5637; Rutter, Nick/0000-0002-5008-3575 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/E013902/1]; NASA [NNG06GE70G] FX We thank J. Holmgren, K. Elder, D. Cline and the winter crew at the University of Alaska Fairbanks Toolik Lake research facility for technical and logistical support. M. Schneebeli provided valuable insights toward the development of this method. Financial support through UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Fellowship NE/E013902/1 (to N.R.) and NASA THP/NEWS NNG06GE70G (to H.-P.M.) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2010 VL 56 IS 195 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.3189/002214310791190938 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 642YK UT WOS:000281257600008 ER PT J AU Wilk, JE Thomas, JL McGurk, DM Riviere, LA Castro, CA Hoge, CW AF Wilk, Joshua E. Thomas, Jefftey L. McGurk, Dennis M. Riviere, Lyndon A. Castro, Carl A. Hoge, Charles W. TI Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (Concussion) During Combat: Lack of Association of Blast Mechanism With Persistent Postconcussive Symptoms SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE blast injuries; concussion; mild; military personnel; postconcussive symptoms ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; CARE AB Objective: To determine whether screening for a blast mechanism of concussion identifies individuals at higher risk of persistent postconcussive symptoms (PCS). Setting: United States Army post. Participants: 3952 US Army infantry soldiers were administered anonymous surveys 3 to 6 months after returning from a yearlong deployment to Iraq. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported concussion (defined as an injury that resulted in being "dazed, confused, or 'seeing stars'"; "not remembering the injury"; or "losing consciousness [knocked out]): Patient Health Questionnaire 15-item scale for physical symptoms and PCS; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist; and Patient Health Questionnaire depression module. Results: Of the 587 soldiers (14.9% of the total sample) who met criteria for concussion, 201 (34.2%) reported loss of consciousness, and 373 (63.5%) reported only an alteration of consciousness without loss of consciousness; 424 (72.2%) reported a blast mechanism, and 150 (25.6%) reported a nonblast mechanism. Among soldiers who lost consciousness, blast mechanism was significantly associated with headaches and tinnitus 3 to 6 months postdeployment compared with a nonblast mechanism. However, among the larger group of soldiers reporting concussions without loss of consciousness, blast was not associated with adverse health outcomes. Conclusions: Blast mechanism of concussion was inconsistently associated with PCS, depending on the definition of concussion utilized. A self-reported history of blast mechanism was not associated with persistent PCS for the majority of US soldiers with concussions. C1 [Wilk, Joshua E.] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Walter Reed Army Inst Res,Dept Mil Psychiat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [McGurk, Dennis M.] US Army Med Res & Mat Command, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Army Med Res Unit Europe, Heidelberg, Germany. [Castro, Carl A.] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Mil Operat Med Res Program, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Wilk, JE (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Walter Reed Army Inst Res,Dept Mil Psychiat, 503 Robert Giant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM joshua.wilk@amedd.army.mil NR 26 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 4 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 550XC UT WOS:000274165800002 PM 20051900 ER PT J AU Harrison, S Hamzeh, FM Lentz, E Vierling, JM AF Harrison, S. Hamzeh, F. M. Lentz, E. Vierling, J. M. TI VIROLOGIC AND METABOLIC RESPONSES IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C (CHC) PATIENTS WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR) TREATED WITH PIOGLITAZONE AND PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A PLUS RIBAVIRIN SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver CY APR 14-18, 2010 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Assoc Study Liver C1 [Harrison, S.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Houston, TX USA. [Hamzeh, F. M.; Lentz, E.] Genentech Inc, Genentech US Med Affairs, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Vierling, J. M.] Baylor Coll Med, Baylor Liver Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM vierling@bcm.tmc.edu NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 2010 VL 52 SU 1 BP S129 EP S129 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 587UE UT WOS:000277018000309 ER PT J AU Harrison, SA Shiffman, ML Rodriguez-Torres, M Abdurakhmanov, D Silva, GF Stanciu, C Mazur, W Feinman, SV Moreno, C McKenna, M Messinger, D Teitz, A Reddy, KR AF Harrison, S. A. Shiffman, M. L. Rodriguez-Torres, M. Abdurakhmanov, D. Silva, G. F. Stanciu, C. Mazur, W. Feinman, S. V. Moreno, C. McKenna, M. Messinger, D. Teitz, A. Reddy, K. R. CA PROGRESS Study Investigators TI INTENSIFIED DOSES OF PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A AND/OR RIBAVIRIN ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER RATES OF SVR AND LOWER RELAPSE RATES AMONG PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver CY APR 14-18, 2010 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Assoc Study Liver C1 [Harrison, S. A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Shiffman, M. L.] Bon Secours Hlth Syst, Liver Inst Virginia, Newport News, VA USA. [Rodriguez-Torres, M.] Fdn Invest Diego Santurce, Santurce, PR USA. [Abdurakhmanov, D.] Moscow Med Acad, Moscow, Russia. [Silva, G. F.] Botucatu Sch Med, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Stanciu, C.] Gastroenterol & Hepatol Inst, Iasi, Romania. [Mazur, W.] Med Univ Silesia, Chorzow, Poland. [Feinman, S. V.] Mt Sinai Hosp, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. [Moreno, C.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Erasme Hosp, Brussels, Belgium. [Messinger, D.] IST GmbH, Mannheim, Germany. [Teitz, A.] Roche, Basel, Switzerland. [Reddy, K. R.] Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McKenna, M.] Roche, Welwyn Garden City, England. EM stephen.a.harrison@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 2010 VL 52 SU 1 BP S111 EP S111 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 587UE UT WOS:000277018000265 ER PT J AU Reddy, KR Shiffman, ML Rodriguez-Torres, M Bakulin, I Cheinquer, H Horban, A El-Kashab, M Gheohge, L Buggisch, P Rabbia, M McKenna, M Harrison, SA AF Reddy, K. R. Shiffman, M. L. Rodriguez-Torres, M. Bakulin, I. Cheinquer, H. Horban, A. El-Kashab, M. Gheohge, L. Buggisch, P. Rabbia, M. McKenna, M. Harrison, S. A. CA PROGRESS Study Investigators TI PREDICTORS OF RELAPSE AMONG PATIENTS TREATED WITH STANDARD OR INDUCTION DOSE PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A (40KD) COMBINED WITH STANDARD OR HIGHER DOSE RIBAVIRIN IN DIFFICULT-TO-CURE PATIENTS SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver CY APR 14-18, 2010 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Assoc Study Liver C1 [Reddy, K. R.] Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Shiffman, M. L.] Bon Secours Hlth Syst, Liver Inst Virginia, Newport News, VA USA. [Rodriguez-Torres, M.] Puerto Rico & Ponce Sch Med, Fdn Invest Diego Santurce, Santurce, PR USA. [Bakulin, I.] Minist Def Russian Federat, State Postgrad Med Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Cheinquer, H.] Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. [Horban, A.] Med Univ, Clin Infect Dis, Warsaw, Poland. [Gheohge, L.] Fundeni Clin Inst, Bucharest, Romania. [El-Kashab, M.] Toronto Liver Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Buggisch, P.] Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. [Rabbia, M.] Roche, Nutley, NJ USA. [Harrison, S. A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. EM rajender.reddy@uphs.upenn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 2010 VL 52 SU 1 BP S123 EP S123 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 587UE UT WOS:000277018000294 ER PT J AU Reddy, KR Shiffman, ML Rodriguez-Torres, M Abdurakhmanov, D Bakulin, I Silva, GF Cheinquer, H Rabbia, M McKenna, M Tietz, A Harrison, SA AF Reddy, K. R. Shiffman, M. L. Rodriguez-Torres, M. Abdurakhmanov, D. Bakulin, I. Silva, G. F. Cheinquer, H. Rabbia, M. McKenna, M. Tietz, A. Harrison, S. A. CA PROGRESS Study Investigators TI IMPACT OF HIGHER DOSES OF PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A AND RIBAVIRIN ON RVR, CEVR AND SVR IN HCV G1 PATIENTS WITH VIRAL LOADS >= 400,000 IU/ML WEIGHING >= 85 kg SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver CY APR 14-18, 2010 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Assoc Study Liver C1 [Reddy, K. R.] Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Shiffman, M. L.] Bon Secours Hlth Syst, Liver Inst Virginia, Newport News, VA USA. [Rodriguez-Torres, M.] Fdn Invest De Diego Santurce, Santurce, PR, Brazil. [Abdurakhmanov, D.] Moscow Med Acad, Moscow, Russia. [Bakulin, I.] Minist Def Russian Federat, State Postgrad Med Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Silva, G. F.] Botucatu Sch Med, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Cheinquer, H.] Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. [Rabbia, M.] Roche, Nutley, NJ USA. [Tietz, A.] Roche, Basel, Switzerland. [Harrison, S. A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. EM rajender.reddy@uphs.upenn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 2010 VL 52 SU 1 BP S122 EP S122 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 587UE UT WOS:000277018000293 ER PT J AU Sulkowski, MS King, JW Harrison, SA Rossaro, L Hu, KQ Lawitz, EJ Schiffman, ML Muir, AJ Galler, GW McCone, J Nyberg, LM Lee, WM Ghalib, R McHutchison, JG Noviello, S Goteti, VS Albrecht, JK Brass, CA AF Sulkowski, M. S. King, J. W. Harrison, S. A. Rossaro, L. Hu, K. -Q. Lawitz, E. J. Schiffman, M. L. Muir, A. J. Galler, G. W. McCone, J. Nyberg, L. M. Lee, W. M. Ghalib, R. McHutchison, J. G. Noviello, S. Goteti, V. S. Albrecht, J. K. Brass, C. A. TI METABOLIC SYNDROME (MS) IS A NEGATIVE PREDICTOR OF TREATMENT OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: RESULTS FROM THE IDEAL STUDY SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver CY APR 14-18, 2010 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Assoc Study Liver C1 [Sulkowski, M. S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Viral Hepatitis Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [King, J. W.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Shreveport, LA 71105 USA. [Harrison, S. A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Rossaro, L.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Hu, K. -Q.] Univ Calif Irvine, Med Ctr, Irvine, CA USA. [Lawitz, E. J.] Alamo Med Res, San Antonio, TX USA. [Schiffman, M. L.] Liver Inst Virginia, Bon Secours Hlth Syst, Newport News, VA USA. [Muir, A. J.; McHutchison, J. G.] Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. [Galler, G. W.] Kelsey Seybold Res Fdn, Houston, TX USA. [McCone, J.; Nyberg, L. M.] So Calif Permanente Med Grp, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. [Lee, W. M.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Ghalib, R.] Liver Inst Methodist, Dallas, TX USA. [Noviello, S.; Goteti, V. S.; Albrecht, J. K.; Brass, C. A.] Merck & Co Inc, Schering Corp Div, Kenilworth, NJ USA. EM msulkowski@jhmi.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 2010 VL 52 SU 1 BP S127 EP S128 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 587UE UT WOS:000277018000305 ER PT J AU Smith, E AF Smith, Eugene TI Terrorism, Security and the Power of Informal Networks. SO JOURNAL OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 [Smith, Eugene] USA, Installat Management Command Pacific, Ft Shafter, HI 96858 USA. RP Smith, E (reprint author), USA, Installat Management Command Pacific, Ft Shafter, HI 96858 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USA SN 1547-7355 J9 J HOMEL SECUR EMERG JI J. Homel. Secur. Emerg. Manag. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 AR 73 PG 3 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 701ON UT WOS:000285829800005 ER PT J AU Smith, EB AF Smith, Eugene B. TI The New Global Insecurity: How Terrorism, Environmental Collapse, Economic Inequalities and Resource Shortages Are Changing Our World. SO JOURNAL OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 [Smith, Eugene B.] USA, Ft Shafter, HI 96858 USA. [Smith, Eugene B.] Installat Management Command Pacific, Ft Shafter, HI 96858 USA. RP Smith, EB (reprint author), USA, Ft Shafter, HI 96858 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USA SN 1547-7355 J9 J HOMEL SECUR EMERG JI J. Homel. Secur. Emerg. Manag. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 AR 31 PG 3 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 604NB UT WOS:000278284600010 ER PT J AU Terra, JK Cote, CK France, B Jenkins, AL Bozue, JA Welkos, SL LeVine, SM Bradley, KA AF Terra, Jill K. Cote, Christopher K. France, Bryan Jenkins, Amy L. Bozue, Joel A. Welkos, Susan L. LeVine, Steven M. Bradley, Kenneth A. TI Cutting Edge: Resistance to Bacillus anthracis Infection Mediated by a Lethal Toxin Sensitive Allele of Nalp1b/Nlrp1b SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FULLY VIRULENT; STERNE STRAIN; MICE; MACROPHAGES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SPORES; IL-1-BETA; MODEL AB Pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis is associated with the production of lethal toxin (LT), which activates the murine Nalp1b/Nlrp1b inflammasome and induces caspase-1-dependent pyroptotic death in macrophages and dendritic cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of allelic variation of Nlrp1b on the outcome of LT challenge and infection by B. anthracis spores. Nlrp1b allelic variation did not alter the kinetics or pathology of end-stage disease induced by purified LT, suggesting that, in contrast to previous reports, macrophage lysis does not contribute directly to LT-mediated pathology. However, animals expressing a LT-sensitive allele of Nlrp1b showed an early inflammatory response to LT and increased resistance to infection by B. anthracis. Data presented here support a model whereby LT-mediated activation of Nlrp1b and subsequent lysis of macrophages is not a mechanism used by B. anthracis to promote virulence, but rather a protective host-mediated innate immune response. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 184: 17-20. C1 [Terra, Jill K.; France, Bryan; Bradley, Kenneth A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cote, Christopher K.; Jenkins, Amy L.; Bozue, Joel A.; Welkos, Susan L.] USA, Bacteriol Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [LeVine, Steven M.] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Mol & Integrat Physiol, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. [Bradley, Kenneth A.] Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bradley, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, 609 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM kbradley@microbio.ucla.edu FU University of California, Los Angeles; Microbial Pathogenesis Training Grant [T32-AI007323]; National Institutes of Health [AI077791]; Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency [1.1A0010-07-RDB] FX This research was supported by the University of California, Los Angeles, Microbial Pathogenesis Training Grant T32-AI007323 (to J.K.T.), National Institutes of Health Grant AI077791 (to K.A.B. and S.M.L.), and the Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency project 1.1A0010-07-RDB (to S.L.W.). NR 26 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 184 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.0903114 PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 535QL UT WOS:000272985300004 PM 19949100 ER PT J AU Bradfute, SB Swanson, PE Smith, MA Watanabe, E McDunn, JE Hotchkiss, RS Bavari, S AF Bradfute, Steven B. Swanson, Paul E. Smith, Mark A. Watanabe, Eizo McDunn, Jonathan E. Hotchkiss, Richard S. Bavari, Sina TI Mechanisms and Consequences of Ebolavirus-Induced Lymphocyte Apoptosis SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL RESPONSES; VIRUS-INFECTION; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MOUSE MODEL; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; DENDRITIC CELLS; MARBURG VIRUSES; TRANSGENIC MICE; IN-VITRO AB Ebolavirus (EBOV) is a member of the filovirus family and causes severe hemorrhagic fever, resulting in death in up to 90% of infected humans. EBOV infection induces massive bystander lymphocyte apoptosis; however, neither the cellular apoptotic pathway (s) nor the systemic implications of lymphocyte apoptosis in EBOV infection are known. In this study, we show data suggesting that EBOV-induced lymphocyte apoptosis in vivo occurs via both the death receptor (extrinsic) and mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathways, as both Fas-associated death domain dominant negative transgenic mice and mice overexpressing bcl-2 were resistant to EBOV-induced lymphocyte apoptosis. Surprisingly, inhibiting lymphocyte apoptosis during EBOV infection did not result in improved animal survival. Furthermore, we show for the first time that hepatocyte apoptosis likely occurs in EBOV infection, and that mice lacking the proapoptotic genes Bint and Bid had reduced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver enzyme levels postinfection. Collectively, these data suggest that EBOV induces multiple proapoptotic stimuli and that blocking lymphocyte apoptosis is not sufficient to improve survival in EBOV infection. These data suggest that hepatocyte apoptosis may play a role in the pathogenesis of EBOV infection, whereas lymphocyte apoptosis appears to be nonessential for EBOV disease progression. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 184: 327-335. C1 [Bradfute, Steven B.; Smith, Mark A.; Bavari, Sina] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Swanson, Paul E.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Watanabe, Eizo; McDunn, Jonathan E.; Hotchkiss, Richard S.] Washington Univ, Dept Anesthesiol, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Bavari, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM hotch@wustl.edu; sina.bavari@amedd.army.mil OI McDunn, Jonathan/0000-0001-8792-828X FU U.S. Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [1-06-C-0037, 4.1002209RDB] FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (to S.B.B.). This research was supported in part by Defense Threat Reduction Agency Grants 1-06-C-0037 (to R.S.H.) and 4.1002209RDB (to S.B.). NR 51 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 184 IS 1 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.0901231 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 535QL UT WOS:000272985300037 PM 20028660 ER PT J AU Garcia, R Barnes, L AF Garcia, Richard Barnes, Laura TI Multi-UAV Simulator Utilizing X-Plane SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Unmanned air vehicles; Simulator; X-Plane AB This paper describes the development of a simulator for multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) utilizing the commercially available simulator X-Plane and Matlab. Coordinated control of unmanned systems is currently being researched for a wide range of applications, including search and rescue, convoy protection, and building clearing to name a few. Although coordination and control of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) has been a heavily researched area, the extension towards controlling multiple UAVs has seen minimal attention. This lack of development is due to numerous issues including the difficulty in realistically modeling and simulating multiple UAVs. This work attempts to overcome these limitations by creating an environment that can simultaneously simulate multiple air vehicles as well as provide state data and control input for the individual vehicles using a heavily developed and commercially available flight simulator (X-Plane). This framework will allow researchers to study multi-UAV control algorithms using realistic unmanned and manned aircraft models in real-world modeled environments. Validation of the system's ability is shown through the demonstration of formation control algorithms implemented on four UAV helicopters with formation and navigation controllers built in Matlab/Simulink. C1 [Garcia, Richard] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Barnes, Laura] Univ Texas Arlington, Automat & Robot Res Inst, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Garcia, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM richard.d.garcia@arl.army.mil NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0296 J9 J INTELL ROBOT SYST JI J. Intell. Robot. Syst. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 57 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 393 EP 406 DI 10.1007/s10846-009-9372-4 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 527IM UT WOS:000272360700020 ER PT J AU Li, LA Wang, YP Yan, FD Samuelson, LA Kumar, J AF Li, Lian Wang, Yanping Yan, Fadong Samuelson, Lynne A. Kumar, Jayant TI Photosensitized Solid-state Polymerization of Diacetylenes in Nanoporous TiO2 Structures SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Technical Symposium on Sukant Tripathy Annual Memorial CY DEC 04, 2009 CL Lowell, MA DE Polydiacetylene; nanocomposite; photosensitization; TiO2 structures ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; IN-SITU POLYMERIZATION; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; THIN-FILM; LOW-COST; PHOTOCATALYSIS; FABRICATION; INITIATION; PHENAZINE; CRYSTAL AB In situ topochemical polymerization of two diacetylene monomers within nanoporous TiO2 thin films was carried out under visible light irradiation. One of the monomers used contains a carboxylic acid group, which could help to link the monomer onto the TiO2 surface covalently. UV-Vis absorption and Raman studies showed that both monomers were successfully photopolymerized. These results suggest that the covalent linkage of the diacetylene to the nanoparticle through the carboxylic acid group is not needed. Since photopolymerization of diacetylene is typically induced by excitation of the monomer at 300 nm, the observed red shift of the photopolymerization wavelength is attributed to the photosensitization effect of TiO2. The morphological study of the polydiacetylene/TiO2 nanocomposite revealed that the diacetylene monomers were polymerized in the vicinity of the TiO2 nanoparticles. This is attributed to the fact that the electron-transfer process occurs at the interface of nanocrystalline TiO2 (nc-TiO2) and the diacetylene monomer and the polymerization is expected to be initiated near the nc-TiO2 surface. Photopolymerization of the carboxylated diacetylene monomer with other oxides nanoparticles, such as ZnO and SiO2 was also investigated. C1 [Wang, Yanping; Yan, Fadong; Kumar, Jayant] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Li, Lian; Samuelson, Lynne A.] US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Jayant_Kumar@uml.edu NR 34 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI A JI J. Macromol. Sci. Part A-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2010 VL 47 IS 12 BP 1161 EP 1166 AR PII 927980507 DI 10.1080/10601325.2010.518813 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 664OQ UT WOS:000282972000004 ER PT J AU Satapathi, S Yan, FD Anandakathir, R Yang, K Li, LA Mosurkal, R Samuelson, LA Kumar, J AF Satapathi, Soumitra Yan, Fadong Anandakathir, Robinson Yang, Ke Li, Lian Mosurkal, Ravi Samuelson, Lynne A. Kumar, Jayant TI Fabrication of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells and Fluorescence Quenching Study Using Thiophene Based Copolymers SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Technical Symposium on Sukant Tripathy Annual Memorial CY DEC 04, 2009 CL Lowell, MA DE Thiophene copolymers; fluorescence quenching; solar cells; IPCE ID NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; LIGHT AB Photovoltaic performance of dye sensitized solar cells fabricated with a commercially available thiophene based copolymer was investigated. Poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(bithiophene)], a highly soluble polythiophene, was used as a sensitizer. An open-circuit voltage of 0.64 V and a short-circuit current density of 0.36 mA/cm2 were measured. The incident photon to current conversion efficiency for the polymer was measured. Fluorescence from the other polythiophene, poly(3,3'-didodecyl quarter thiophene) was found to be quenched when blended with phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) (1:1 wt ratio), indicating the charge transfer from the conjugated polymer to PCBM. C1 [Satapathi, Soumitra; Yan, Fadong; Anandakathir, Robinson; Yang, Ke; Kumar, Jayant] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Satapathi, Soumitra; Yan, Fadong; Yang, Ke; Kumar, Jayant] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Li, Lian; Mosurkal, Ravi; Samuelson, Lynne A.] US Army Natick Solider Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Jayant_Kumar@uml.edu RI MOSURKAL, RAVI/P-6981-2015 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI A JI J. Macromol. Sci. Part A-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2010 VL 47 IS 12 BP 1180 EP 1183 AR PII 927985438 DI 10.1080/10601325.2010.518864 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 664OQ UT WOS:000282972000008 ER PT J AU Bruno, FF Trotta, A Fossey, S Nagarajan, S Nagarajan, R Samuelson, LA Kumar, J AF Bruno, Ferdinando F. Trotta, Adam Fossey, Stephen Nagarajan, Subhalakshmi Nagarajan, Ramaswamy Samuelson, Lynne A. Kumar, Jayant TI Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of PolyQuercetin SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Technical Symposium on Sukant Tripathy Annual Memorial CY DEC 04, 2009 CL Lowell, MA DE Quercetin; Green Chemistry; enzymatic polymerization; horseradish peroxidase ID RED WINE; FLAVONOID QUERCETIN; MAMMARY-CANCER; FRENCH PARADOX; POLYMERS; POLYMERIZATION; INHIBITION; POLYPHENOLS; OXIDATION; LACCASE AB Quercetin is a flavonol found in fruits, onions and wine. Recently, quercetin has been extensively investigated for its antioxidant behavior in food such as poultry and fish. While quercetin has been shown to be a good stabilizer for several oils, the thermal stability and solubility at neutral and slightly alkaline conditions continue to be an area of huge concern. However, increasing the stability and the antioxidant potency of this flavonol would be beneficial to the food industry. We utilized horseradish peroxidase, a phytochemical enzyme, to polymerize quercetin in biocompatible water/ethanol mixtures. This unique, one pot procedure has provided a method to synthesize polyquercetin under mild conditions. The final polymer is soluble in a water/ethanol mixture. Preliminary data were presented in the Material Research Society fall meeting in Boston on December 3, 2008. However, in this article, enzymatically synthesized polyquercetin has also been characterized by a variety of techniques. Using UV-Vis FTIR, GPC, NMR and TGA we have deduced certain aspects of the structure. Structural elucidation was further refined by results from molecular modeling. Density functional theory calculations predict that the UV-Vis spectra of polyquercetin can show high conjugation relative to those of quercetin monomer. This was confirmed by the experimental results. This novel thermally stable polymer, synthesized using Green Chemistry principles, can be used as a potent antioxidant in the highly regulated food industry. C1 [Bruno, Ferdinando F.; Fossey, Stephen; Samuelson, Lynne A.] US Army Natick Soldier Res, Dev & Engn Ctr RDECOM, Natick, MA 01854 USA. [Trotta, Adam; Nagarajan, Subhalakshmi] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA USA. [Kumar, Jayant] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA USA. RP Bruno, FF (reprint author), US Army Natick Soldier Res, Dev & Engn Ctr RDECOM, Natick, MA 01854 USA. EM Ferdinando_Bruno@uml.edu RI Trotta, Adam/G-5208-2011 OI Trotta, Adam/0000-0001-9108-9917 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI A JI J. Macromol. Sci. Part A-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2010 VL 47 IS 12 BP 1191 EP 1196 AR PII 927980236 DI 10.1080/10601325.2010.518839 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 664OQ UT WOS:000282972000010 ER PT J AU Johnson, SH Johnson, CL May, SJ Hirsch, S Cole, MW Spanier, JE AF Johnson, Stephanie H. Johnson, Craig L. May, Steven J. Hirsch, Samuel Cole, M. W. Spanier, Jonathan E. TI Co@CoO@Au core-multi-shell nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; EXCHANGE BIAS; FE OXIDE; COBALT; PHASE; COALESCENCE; GROWTH; SHAPE; RAMAN AB We report on the chemical synthesis, structural and compositional characterization, and hierarchical organization of Co-core, concentric CoO-Au multi-shell nanocrystals (Co@CoO@Au). Based on electron microscopy, magnetometry and spectroscopy experiments, we present compelling evidence for the formation of the Au outer shell on CoO, challenging the common assumption that the reduction reaction to form Au shells can only occur if the cobalt surface has not oxidized. Our findings suggest that the presence of a metal shell surrounding a transition-metal core nanocrystal following such a reduction reaction cannot be taken as evidence that the transition metal oxide is absent from the surface of the nanocrystal core. We find that Au shell growth can produce Co@CoO@Au nanocrystals possessing five-fold twinning symmetry and we suggest that their growth is facilitated through self nucleation and coalescence of Au particles. C1 [Johnson, Stephanie H.; Johnson, Craig L.; May, Steven J.; Spanier, Jonathan E.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hirsch, Samuel; Cole, M. W.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [May, Steven J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Johnson, SH (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI May, Steven/D-8563-2011; OI May, Steven/0000-0002-8097-1549; Spanier, Jonathan/0000-0002-3096-2644 FU GAANN Fellowship in Material Science at Drexel University; U.S. Army Research Office [W911-NF-08-1-0067] FX The authors thank Peter Finkel for assistance with additional magnetic measurements and Zhorro Nikolov and Dominic Bruzzese for collecting Raman scattering spectra. We would also like to thank Fredrick Beyer for helping coordinate access to the JEOL 2100F at ARL-APG. S.H.J. is supported by a GAANN Fellowship in Material Science at Drexel University. J.E.S. gratefully acknowledges the U.S. Army Research Office for support under W911-NF-08-1-0067. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 3 BP 439 EP 443 DI 10.1039/b919610b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 536IL UT WOS:000273038000004 ER PT J AU Maass, JR AF Maass, John R. TI Long, Obstinate, and Bloody: The Battle of Guilford Courthouse. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Maass, John R.] USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Maass, JR (reprint author), USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 227 EP 228 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 543OP UT WOS:000273588300024 ER PT J AU Epstein, RM AF Epstein, Robert M. TI Napoleon's Apogee: Pascal Bressonnet's Tactical Studies 1806. Saalfeld, Jena and Auerstadt SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Epstein, Robert M.] USA, Sch Adv Mil Studies, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Epstein, RM (reprint author), USA, Sch Adv Mil Studies, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 233 EP 234 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 543OP UT WOS:000273588300028 ER PT J AU Epley, WW AF Epley, William W. TI The 7th Infantry Regiment, Combat in an Age of Terror-the Korean War through the Present SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Epley, William W.] USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Epley, WW (reprint author), USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 237 EP 238 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 543OP UT WOS:000273588300031 ER PT J AU Beckenbaugh, T AF Beckenbaugh, Terry TI Unfurl Those Colors! McClellan, Sumner, & The Second Army Corps in the Antietam Campaign SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Beckenbaugh, Terry] USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Beckenbaugh, T (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 248 EP 249 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 543OP UT WOS:000273588300039 ER PT J AU Hull, MM AF Hull, Mark M. TI Ernst Rohm: Hitler's SA Chief of Staff SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hull, Mark M.] USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. RP Hull, MM (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 262 EP 263 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 543OP UT WOS:000273588300051 ER PT J AU Calhoun, M AF Calhoun, Mark TI Mobility, Shock, and Firepower: The Emergence of the US Army's Armor Branch, 1917-1945 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Calhoun, Mark] USA, Sch Adv Mil Studies, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. RP Calhoun, M (reprint author), USA, Sch Adv Mil Studies, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 276 EP 277 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 543OP UT WOS:000273588300062 ER PT J AU Kiesling, E AF Kiesling, Eugenia TI Future Tense: The Culture of Anticipation in France Between the Wars SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Kiesling, Eugenia] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Kiesling, E (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 280 EP 282 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 543OP UT WOS:000273588300065 ER PT J AU Bjorge, GJ AF Bjorge, Gary J. TI The Third Chinese Revolutionary Civil War, 1945-49: An Analysis of Communist Strategy and Leadership SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Bjorge, Gary J.] USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66207 USA. RP Bjorge, GJ (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66207 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 297 EP 299 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 543OP UT WOS:000273588300079 ER PT J AU Yoshitani, G AF Yoshitani, Gail TI The Hawk and the Dove: Paul Nitze, George Kennan, and the History of the Cold SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Yoshitani, Gail] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Yoshitani, G (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 306 EP 307 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 543OP UT WOS:000273588300084 ER PT J AU Grau, LW AF Grau, Lester W. TI The Accidental Guerrilla: Fighting Small Wars in the Midst of a Big One SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Grau, Lester W.] Foreign Mil Studies Off, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66207 USA. RP Grau, LW (reprint author), Foreign Mil Studies Off, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66207 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 323 EP 324 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 543OP UT WOS:000273588300097 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, Howard E. TI Geodesic derivative in quantum circuit complexity analysis SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE quantum computing; quantum circuits; quantum complexity; Jacobi fields; geodesics AB Detailed analysis is given of the geodesic derivative, a useful tool in the Riemannian geometry of quantum computation. The geodesic derivative facilitates numerical evaluation of geodesics describing minimum complexity quantum circuits in which more than two-body interactions are prohibited. C1 [Brandt, Howard E.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM hbrandt@arl.army.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2010 VL 57 IS 19 SI SI BP 1972 EP 1978 AR PII 923713791 DI 10.1080/09500340.2010.493245 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 682NO UT WOS:000284410500023 ER PT J AU Cole, WP Zacherl, WD Delong, JS AF Cole, Walter P. Zacherl, Walter D. Delong, John S. TI Measured statistics of retroreflected 1064 nm laser light in atmospheric turbulence SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE scintillation; turbulence; propagation ID PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTION; TO-STRONG TURBULENCE; SCINTILLATION; PATH; IRRADIANCE; INTENSITY; FLUCTUATIONS; SYSTEM; SIGNAL AB Detection of optical targets using laser illumination has become an increasingly valuable military tool. In order to better understand typical detection scenarios for a laser illumination system and to improve target detection performance, intensity probability density functions of retroreflected near-infrared laser light were experimentally measured over a near-ground line-of-sight optical path. Returns from a corner cube and a simple lens-mirror system were recorded under a variety of atmospheric conditions, as measured by changes in the refractive-index structure parameter [image omitted]. In addition to its applicability to target detection, this work is relevant to atmospheric propagation research and to free-space laser communication studies. C1 [Cole, Walter P.; Zacherl, Walter D.; Delong, John S.] US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Cole, WP (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, Bldg 753,Rm B21, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM walter.p.cole@us.army.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX) at WPAFB FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX) at WPAFB. The authors would like to thank Shawn Davidson from General Dynamics for providing extensive support during the experimental testing and Dr Michael Marciniak for his valuable insight and suggestions. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Army, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2010 VL 57 IS 20 BP 2054 EP 2059 AR PII 927690268 DI 10.1080/09500340.2010.519829 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 689VT UT WOS:000284959300006 ER PT J AU Skovira, JW McDonough, JH Shih, TM AF Skovira, Jacob W. McDonough, John H. Shih, Tsung-Ming TI Protection Against Sarin-Induced Seizures in Rats by Direct Brain Microinjection of Scopolamine, Midazolam or MK-801 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms CY 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL DE Sarin; Seizures; Microinjection; Anticonvulsant; Lateral ventricle; Anterior piriform cortex; Basolateral amygdala; Area tempestas ID AGENT-INDUCED SEIZURES; SOMAN-INDUCED SEIZURES; PIRIFORM CORTEX; AREA TEMPESTAS; NERVE; ANTICONVULSANTS; NEUROPATHOLOGY; CONVULSIONS; MECHANISMS; ATROPINE AB Control of seizure activity is critical to survival and neuroprotection following nerve agent exposure. Extensive research has shown that three classes of drugs, muscarinic antagonists, benzodiazepines, and N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists, are capable of moderating these seizures. This study began to map the neural areas in rat brain that respond to these three drug classes resulting in anticonvulsant effects. Drugs of each class (scopolamine, midazolam, MK-801) were evaluated for their ability to prevent sarin-induced seizures when injected into specific brain areas (lateral ventricle, anterior piriform cortex, basolateral amygdala, area tempestas). Animals were pretreated by microinjection with saline or a dose of drug from one of the three classes 30 min prior to receiving 150 mu g/kg sarin, subcutaneously, followed by 2.0 mg/kg atropine methylnitrate, intramuscularly. Animals were then returned to their cages, where electroencephalographic activity was monitored for seizures. Anticonvulsant effective doses (ED(50)) were determined using an up-down dosing procedure over successive animals. Scopolamine provided anticonvulsant effects in each area tested, while midazolam was effective in each area except the lateral ventricle. MK-801 was only effective at preventing seizures when injected into the basolateral amygdala or area tempestas. The results show a unique neuroanatomical and pharmacological specificity for control of nerve agent-induced seizures. C1 [McDonough, John H.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, ATTN MCMR CDR P, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Skovira, Jacob W.; McDonough, John H.; Shih, Tsung-Ming] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Pharmacol Branch, Div Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP McDonough, JH (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, ATTN MCMR CDR P, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM John.Mcdonough1@us.army.mil NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0895-8696 J9 J MOL NEUROSCI JI J. Mol. Neurosci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s12031-009-9253-0 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 545RG UT WOS:000273753500009 PM 19690985 ER PT J AU Shih, TM Skovira, JW O'Donnell, JC McDonough, JH AF Shih, Tsung-Ming Skovira, Jacob W. O'Donnell, John C. McDonough, John H. TI Treatment with Tertiary Oximes Prevents Seizures and Improves Survival Following Sarin Intoxication SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms CY 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL DE Sarin; Acetylcholinesterase; Oxime reactivator; Tertiary oxime; Anticonvulsant; Seizures ID NERVE AGENTS; SOMAN; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; PROTECTION; TOXICITY; ATROPINE AB The capability of the tertiary oximes, monoisonitrosoacetone (MINA) and diacetylmonoxime (DAM), to reactivate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by sarin (GB) in the blood, brain, and peripheral tissues of guinea pigs was compared with that of the quaternary oximes 2-PAM, HLo7, and MMB-4. Animals were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with 1.0 Au LD(50) of GB and treated intramuscularly (i.m.) 5 min later with one of these oximes. Sixty minutes after GB exposure, tissues were collected for AChE analysis. At low doses, MINA and DAM produced significant increases in AChE activity in all brain areas examined, but no significant AChE reactivation in peripheral tissues or blood. At higher doses, MINA and DAM increased AChE activity in the brain, peripheral tissues, and blood. In contrast, the quaternary oximes produced significant reactivation in peripheral tissues and blood AChE, but no significant reactivation of brain AChE. In another study, animals were pretreated i.m. with pyridostigmine 30 min prior to s.c. challenge with 2.0 Au LD(50) of GB and treated i.m. 1 min later with atropine sulfate (2.0 mg/kg), plus a varied dose of oximes. MINA and DAM prevented or terminated GB-induced seizure activity and protected against GB lethality in a dose-dependent fashion. In contrast, none of the quaternary oximes prevented or stopped GB-induced seizures. Thus, tertiary oximes reactivated AChE in the brain, improved survival, and terminated seizures following GB intoxication. C1 [Shih, Tsung-Ming; Skovira, Jacob W.; O'Donnell, John C.; McDonough, John H.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Pharmacol Branch,ATTN MCMR CDR P, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Shih, TM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Pharmacol Branch,ATTN MCMR CDR P, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM tsungming.a.shih@us.army.mil NR 22 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0895-8696 J9 J MOL NEUROSCI JI J. Mol. Neurosci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s12031-009-9259-7 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 545RG UT WOS:000273753500010 PM 19680820 ER PT J AU Patrician, PA Loan, L McCarthy, M Brosch, LR Davey, KS AF Patrician, Patricia A. Loan, Lori McCarthy, Mary Brosch, Laura R. Davey, Kimberly S. TI Towards Evidence-based Management: Creating an Informative Database of Nursing-Sensitive Indicators SO JOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP LA English DT Article DE Nursing-sensitive indicators; outcomes database; nurse staffing; adverse events ID PATIENT MORTALITY; STAFFING LEVELS; OUTCOMES; CARE; ENVIRONMENT; HOSPITALS; QUALITY AB Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the creation, evolution, and implementation of a database of nursing-sensitive and potentially nursing-sensitive indicators, the Military Nursing Outcomes Database (MilNOD). It discusses data quality, utility, and lessons learned. Design/Methods: Prospective data collected each shift include direct staff hours by levels (i.e., registered nurse, other licensed and unlicensed providers), staff categories (i.e., military, civilian, contract, and reservist), patient census, acuity, and admissions, discharges, and transfers. Retrospective adverse event data (falls, medication errors, and needle-stick injuries) were collected from existing records. Annual patient satisfaction, nurse work environment, and pressure ulcer and restraint prevalence surveys were conducted. Findings and Conclusions: The MilNOD contains shift level data from 56 units in 13 military hospitals and is used to target areas for managerial and clinical performance improvement. This methodology can be modified for use in other healthcare systems. C1 [Patrician, Patricia A.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Nursing, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Loan, Lori] USA, Nurse Corps, Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA USA. [McCarthy, Mary] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Nursing Res Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Brosch, Laura R.] USA, ORP, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Brosch, Laura R.] USA, ORP Human Res Protect Off, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Patrician, PA (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Nursing, NB 324,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM ppatrici@uab.edu FU Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences [N02-P06, N03-P07] FX This project was funded by the TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (Grants #N02-P06 and N03-P07); however, the information or content and conclusions do not necessarily represent the official position or policy of, nor should any official endorsement be inferred by, the TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1527-6546 J9 J NURS SCHOLARSHIP JI J. Nurs. Scholarsh. PY 2010 VL 42 IS 4 BP 358 EP 366 DI 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2010.01364.x PG 9 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 682TN UT WOS:000284426000002 PM 21091618 ER PT J AU Srinivas, PR Philbert, M Vu, TQ Huang, QR Kokini, JL Saos, E Chen, HD Peterson, CM Friedl, KE McDade-Ngutter, C Hubbard, V Starke-Reed, P Miller, N Betz, JM Dwyer, J Milner, J Ross, SA AF Srinivas, Pothur R. Philbert, Martin Vu, Tania Q. Huang, Qingrong Kokini, Josef L. Saos, Etta Chen, Hongda Peterson, Charles M. Friedl, Karl E. McDade-Ngutter, Crystal Hubbard, Van Starke-Reed, Pamela Miller, Nancy Betz, Joseph M. Dwyer, Johanna Milner, John Ross, Sharon A. TI Nanotechnology Research: Applications in Nutritional Sciences SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD; CELLS AB The tantalizing potential of nanotechnology is to fabricate and combine nanoscale approaches and building blocks to make useful tools and, ultimately, interventions for medical science, including nutritional science, at the scale of similar to 1-100 nm. In the past few years, tools and techniques that facilitate studies and interventions in the nanoscale range have become widely available and have drawn widespread attention. Recently, investigators in the food and nutrition sciences have been applying the tools of nanotechnology in their research. The Experimental Biology 2009 symposium entitled "Nanotechnology Research: Applications in Nutritional Sciences" was organized to highlight emerging applications of nanotechnology to the food and nutrition sciences, as well as to suggest ways for further integration of these emerging technologies into nutrition research. Speakers focused on topics that included the problems and possibilities of introducing nanoparticles in clinical or nutrition settings, nanotechnology applications for increasing bioavailability of bioactive food components in new food products, nanotechnology opportunities in food science, as well as emerging safety and regulatory issues in this area, and the basic research applications such as the use of quantum dots to visualize cellular processes and protein-protein interactions. The session highlighted several emerging areas of potential utility in nutrition research. Nutrition scientists are encouraged to leverage ongoing efforts in nanomedicine through collaborations. These efforts could facilitate exploration of previously inaccessible cellular compartments and intracellular pathways and thus uncover strategies for new prevention and therapeutic modalities. J. Nutr. 140: 119-124, 2010. C1 [Milner, John; Ross, Sharon A.] NCI, Canc Prevent Div, Nutr Sci Res Grp, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Srinivas, Pothur R.] NHLBI, Atherothrombosis & Coronary Artery Dis Branch, Div Cardiovasc Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [McDade-Ngutter, Crystal; Hubbard, Van; Starke-Reed, Pamela] NIH, Div Nutr Res Coordinat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Miller, Nancy] NIH, Off Sci Policy Anal, Off Sci Policy, Off Director, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Betz, Joseph M.; Dwyer, Johanna] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Off Director, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Philbert, Martin] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Vu, Tania Q.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Huang, Qingrong] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Kokini, Josef L.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Saos, Etta; Chen, Hongda] USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Peterson, Charles M.; Friedl, Karl E.] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ross, SA (reprint author), NCI, Canc Prevent Div, Nutr Sci Res Grp, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rosssha@mail.nih.gov OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769; Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES008846] NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 140 IS 1 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.3945/jn.109.115048 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 535EH UT WOS:000272949100020 PM 19939997 ER PT J AU Duarte, FJ Taylor, TS Clark, AB Davenport, WE AF Duarte, F. J. Taylor, T. S. Clark, A. B. Davenport, W. E. TI The N-slit interferometer: an extended configuration SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS LA English DT Article DE aviation; beam expansion; clear air turbulence; Dirac notation; free-space propagation; N-slit interference; N-slit interferometer; N-slit interferometry; interferometric character; interferometric imaging AB An N-slit interferometer is demonstrated with an intra-interferometric propagation path of up to 35 m. The configuration of the N-slit interferometer was extended to its maximum as allowed by the available grating, laser wavelength, and dimensions of the digital detector. Interferometric computations, based on the application of Dirac's notation, were successfully used to predict the structure and divergence of the propagating interferograms. The high sensitivity of the interferometric signal to intra-path perturbations renders this instrument particularly suitable for detecting and registering clear air turbulence, and variations in the refractive index, in the propagation path. C1 [Duarte, F. J.] Interferometr Opt, Rochester, NY USA. [Duarte, F. J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Davenport, W. E.] US Army Aviat & Missile Command, Weap Sci Directorate, Huntsville, AL USA. [Taylor, T. S.; Clark, A. B.] US Army Space & Missile Def Command, Ctr Tech, Technol Directorate, Directed Energy Div, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Duarte, FJ (reprint author), Interferometr Opt, Rochester, NY USA. FU US Army High Energy Laser Laboratory FX This was a US Army High Energy Laser Laboratory project funded through a subcontract to BAE Systems. We thank P G Varmette for assistance during these experiments and F J Duarte (Jr) for software support. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2040-8978 J9 J OPTICS-UK JI J. Opt. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 12 IS 1 AR 015705 DI 10.1088/2040-8978/12/1/015705 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 540PD UT WOS:000273346100042 ER PT J AU Roppo, V Cojocaru, C D'Aguanno, G Raineri, F Trull, J Halioua, Y Vilaseca, R Raj, R Scalora, M AF Roppo, V. Cojocaru, C. D'Aguanno, G. Raineri, F. Trull, J. Halioua, Y. Vilaseca, R. Raj, R. Scalora, M. TI Phase locked second and third harmonic localization in semiconductor cavities SO JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear optics; Harmonics generation; Semiconductor ID MISMATCHED 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; OPTICAL HARMONICS; LIGHT WAVES; MODULATION; DISPERSION; VELOCITY AB We study the enhancement of ultra short pulses second and third harmonic generation in a cavity environment, focusing on the role of the phase locking phenomena. Despite the fact that the cavity is only resonant at the fundamental frequency and the harmonics are tuned in a spectral range of huge nominal absorption, we predict and experimentally observe the harmonics become localized inside the cavity leading to relatively large conversion efficiencies. This unique behavior reveals new optical phenomena and new applications for opaque nonlinear materials (i.e. semiconductors) in the visible and UV ranges. C1 [Roppo, V.; Cojocaru, C.; Trull, J.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Fis & Eng Nucl, Terrassa 08222, Spain. [Roppo, V.; D'Aguanno, G.; Vilaseca, R.] USA, CM Bowden Res Facil, RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35803 USA. [Raineri, F.] Univ Paris Diderot, F-75205 Paris, France. [Halioua, Y.] Univ Ghent, IMEC, Dept Informat Technol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Raineri, F.; Halioua, Y.; Raj, R.; Scalora, M.] CNRS, Lab Photon & Nanostruct, Marcoussis, France. RP Cojocaru, C (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Fis & Eng Nucl, Colom 11, Terrassa 08222, Spain. EM crina.maria.cojocaru@upc.edu RI roppo, vito/D-9639-2012; Trull, Jose/L-9054-2014; Raineri, Fabrice/B-2386-2016; OI roppo, vito/0000-0003-0928-4209; Trull, Jose/0000-0002-5850-088X; Vilaseca, Ramon/0000-0002-3736-5789; D'Aguanno, Giuseppe/0000-0002-7132-0103 FU U.S. Army European Research office [W91INF]; National Research Council; Spanish government [FIS2008-06024-C03-02/FIS] FX We thank the U.S. Army European Research office for partial financial (support project W91INF). G.D. thanks the National Research Council for financial support. VR., C.C., IT. and R.V. acknowledge support from the Spanish government through Project No. FIS2008-06024-C03-02/FIS. We also thank Nadia Mattiucci and Mark J. Bloemer for helpful discussions and suggestions. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST OPTOELECTRONICS PI BUCHAREST-MAGURELE PA 1 ATOMISTILOR ST, PO BOX MG-5, BUCHAREST-MAGURELE 76900, ROMANIA SN 1454-4164 J9 J OPTOELECTRON ADV M JI J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 12 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 558HX UT WOS:000274733200012 ER PT J AU Lew, TA Walker, JA Wenke, JC Blackbourne, LH Hale, RG AF Lew, Timothy A. Walker, John A. Wenke, Joseph C. Blackbourne, Lorne H. Hale, Robert G. TI Characterization of Craniomaxillofacial Battle Injuries Sustained by United States Service Members in the Current Conflicts of Iraq and Afghanistan SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID COMBAT CASUALTIES; NECK INJURIES; FREEDOM; EXPERIENCE; FACE; HEAD AB Purpose: To characterize and describe the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) battlefield injuries sustained by US Service Members in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. Patients and Methods: The Joint Theater Trauma Registry was queried from October 19, 2001, to December 11, 2007, for CMF battlefield injuries. The CMF injuries were identified using the "International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification" codes and the data compiled for battlefield injury service members. Nonbattlefield injuries, killed in action, and return to duty cases were excluded. Results: CMF battlefield injuries were found in 2,014 of the 7,770 battlefield-injured US service members. In the 2,014 injured service members were 4,783 CMF injuries (2.4 injuries per soldier). The incidence of CMF battlefield injuries by branch of service was Army, 72%; Marines, 24%; Navy, 2%; and Air Force, 1%. The incidence of penetrating soft-tissue injuries and fractures was 58% and 27%, respectively. Of the fractures, 76% were open. The location of the facial fractures was the mandible in 36%, maxilla/zygoma in 19%, nasal in 14%, and orbit in 11%. The remaining 20% were not otherwise specified. The primary mechanism of injury involved explosive devices (84%). Conclusions: Of the injured US service members, 26% had injuries to the CMF region in the Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom conflicts during a 6-year period. Multiple penetrating soft-tissue injuries and fractures caused by explosive devices were frequently seen. Increased survivability because of body armor, advanced battlefield medicine, and the increased use of explosive devices is probably related to the elevated incidence of CMF battlefield injuries. The current use of "International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification" codes with the Joint Theater Trauma Registry failed to characterize the severity of facial wounds. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use. Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 68:3-7, 2010 C1 [Lew, Timothy A.; Walker, John A.; Wenke, Joseph C.; Blackbourne, Lorne H.; Hale, Robert G.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Lew, Timothy A.; Hale, Robert G.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Hale, RG (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3851 Rodger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM robert.hale2@amedd.army.mil NR 16 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 68 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.joms.2009.06.006 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 617KV UT WOS:000279280500002 PM 20006147 ER PT J AU Sliozberg, YR Andzelm, JW Brennan, JK Vanlandingham, MR Pryamitsyn, V Ganesan, V AF Sliozberg, Yelena R. Andzelm, Jan W. Brennan, John K. Vanlandingham, Mark R. Pryamitsyn, Victor Ganesan, Venkat TI Modeling Viscoelastic Properties of Triblock Copolymers: A DPD Simulation Study SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE block copolymers; DPD simulation; gels; morphology; viscoelastic properties ID DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS; SELECTIVE SOLVENT; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MESOSCOPIC SIMULATION; ASSOCIATING POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; POLYSTYRENE; GELS; MICELLIZATION AB Gel systems based on self-assembled, amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymers in midblock-selective solvent form stable, spatially extended networks with controllable morphology and tunable viscoelastic behavior. In this work, we systematically evaluate the mechanical properties of these gels using morphology calculations, and a nonequilibrium oscillatory shear technique based on the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method. Our simulations demonstrate that low molecular weight triblock copolymers with incompatible blocks self-assemble into micelles connected with bridges and loop-like chains comprised of the solvent-selective polymer midblocks. The fraction of bridges, phi(b), generally increases with increasing relative volume of the midblock, x, defined as the ratio of midblock and endblock volumes (x = V(B)/V(A)). For our model, phi(b) reaches a plateau at approximately x > 9 for a strongly selective solvent. At this limit, the value Of phi(b) increases from 0.40 to about 0.66 as the copolymer concentration, c, increases from 0.2 to 0.5; however, this increase is less significant at higher concentrations. The elastic response of the gel studied here is comparable with the Rouse modulus. The elastic modulus increases with polymer concentration, and it exhibits a broad peak within 6 < x < 12. Finally, we present an approximate method to predict the elastic modulus of unentangled ABA triblock copolymers based solely on the morphology of the micellar gel, which can be gleaned from equilibrium DPD simulations. We demonstrate that our simulation results are in good qualitative agreement with other theoretical predictions and experimental data. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 15-25,2010 C1 [Sliozberg, Yelena R.; Andzelm, Jan W.; Vanlandingham, Mark R.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL WMM A, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Brennan, John K.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL WMB D, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Pryamitsyn, Victor; Ganesan, Venkat] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Sliozberg, YR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL WMM A, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM yelena.r.sliozberg@arl.army.mil RI Pryamitsyn, Victor/J-4540-2013; Ganesan, Venkat/B-9912-2011 OI Pryamitsyn, Victor/0000-0003-2128-7461; FU U.S. Department of Energy and USARL; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-07-1-0268] FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (USARL) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education through an inter-agency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USARL. V. Ganesan and V. Pryamitsyn acknowledge support from the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF-07-1-0268. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 36 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1002/polb.21839 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 539KB UT WOS:000273251700002 ER PT J AU Reiber, GE McFarland, LV Hubbard, S Maynard, C Blough, DK Gambel, JM Smith, DG AF Reiber, Gayle E. McFarland, Lynne V. Hubbard, Sharon Maynard, Charles Blough, David K. Gambel, Jeffrey M. Smith, Douglas G. TI Servicemembers and veterans with major traumatic limb loss from Vietnam war and OIF/OEF conflicts: Survey methods, participants, and summary findings SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE benefits; combat; limb loss; OIF/OEF; prosthetic devices; traumatic amputation; veterans; Vietnam war; wounded servicemembers; wounded warriors ID LOWER-EXTREMITY AMPUTATION; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; OPERATIONS ENDURING FREEDOM; HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SKIN PROBLEMS; PSYCHOSOCIAL ADJUSTMENT; TRANSFEMORAL AMPUTATION; PROSTHETIC DEVICES; COMBAT AMPUTEES AB Care of veterans and servicemembers with major traumatic limb loss from combat theaters is one of the highest priorities of the Department of Veteran Affairs. We achieved a 62% response rate in our Survey for Prosthetic Use from 298 Vietnam war veterans and 283 servicemembers/veterans from Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) who sustained major traumatic limb loss. Participants reported their combat injuries; health status; quality of life; and prosthetic device use, function, rejection, and satisfaction. Despite the serious injuries experienced, health status was rated excellent, very good, or good by 70.7% of Vietnam war and 85.5% of OIF/OEF survey participants. However, many health issues persist for Vietnam war and OIF/OEF survey participants (respectively): phantom limb pain (72.2%/76.0%), chronic back pain (36.2%/42.1%), residual-limb pain (48.3%/62.9%), prosthesis-related skin problems (51.0%/58.0%), hearing loss (47.0%/47.0%), traumatic brain injury (3.4%/33.9%), depression (24.5%/24.0%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (37.6%/58.7%). Prosthetic devices are currently used by 78.2% of Vietnam war and 90.5% of OIF/OEF survey participants to improve function and mobility. On average, the annual rate for prosthetic device receipt is 10.7-fold higher for OIF/OEF than for Vietnam war survey participants. Findings from this cross-conflict survey identify many strengths in prosthetic rehabilitation for those with limb loss and several areas for future attention. C1 [Reiber, Gayle E.; McFarland, Lynne V.; Maynard, Charles] Hlth Serv Res & Dev, Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Reiber, Gayle E.] Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Reiber, Gayle E.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McFarland, Lynne V.] Univ Washington, Dept Med Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hubbard, Sharon] Prosthet Res Study, Seattle, WA USA. [Blough, David K.] Univ Washington, Dept Pharm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gambel, Jeffrey M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Amputee Patient Care Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Smith, Douglas G.] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Smith, Douglas G.] Univ Washington, Dept Orthoped, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Reiber, GE (reprint author), Hlth Serv Res & Dev, Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, 1100 Olive Way,Suite 1400, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM Gayle.Reiber@va.gov RI Maynard, Charles/N-3906-2015 OI Maynard, Charles/0000-0002-1644-7814 FU VA Health Services Research and Development [IIR 05-244]; Senior Career Scientist Award [RCS 98-353] FX This material is based on work supported by VA Health Services Research and Development (grant IIR 05-244) and a Senior Career Scientist Award to Dr. Reiber (grant RCS 98-353). NR 91 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 18 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 275 EP 297 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2010.01.0009 PG 23 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 623ZK UT WOS:000279785700006 PM 20803399 ER PT J AU McFarland, LV Winkler, SLH Heinemann, AW Jones, M Esquenazi, A AF McFarland, Lynne V. Winkler, Sandra L. Hubbard Heinemann, Allen W. Jones, Melissa Esquenazi, Alberto TI Unilateral upper-limb loss: Satisfaction and prosthetic-device use in veterans and servicemembers from Vietnam and OIF/OEF conflicts SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE abandonment; activity measure; limb loss; OIF/OEF; prosthetic device; rehabilitation; satisfaction; upper-limb loss; veterans; Vietnam conflict ID EXTREMITY VASCULAR INJURY; ARMY-MEDICAL-CENTER; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; RISK-FACTORS; COMBAT AMPUTEES; WARTIME REPORT; AMPUTATION; CARE; DEFICIENCY; WAR AB Prosthetic use and satisfaction in wounded servicemembers and veterans with unilateral upper-limb loss has not been thoroughly explored. Through a national survey, we enrolled 47 participants from the Vietnam conflict and 50 from Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) with combat-associated major unilateral upper-limb loss. Upper-limb prosthetic devices were used by 70% of the Vietnam group and 76% of the OIF/OEF group. Mechanical/body-powered upper-limb devices were favored by the Vietnam group, while a combination of myoelectric/hybrid and mechanical/body-powered devices were favored by the OIF/OEF group. Upper-limb devices were completely abandoned in 30% of the Vietnam and 22% of the OIF/OEF groups. Abandonment was more frequent for transhumeral and more proximal levels (42% of Vietnam and 40% of OIF/OEF) than more distal limb-loss levels. Upper-limb prostheses were rejected because of dissatisfaction with the device by significantly fewer (23%) members of the Vietnam group than the OIF/OEF group (45%) (p < 0.001). Most common reasons for rejection included pain, poor comfort, and lack of functionality. A significant paradigm shift has been noted in the OIF/OEF group, who use a greater number and diversity of upper-limb prostheses than the Vietnam group. C1 [McFarland, Lynne V.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Winkler, Sandra L. Hubbard] N Florida S Georgia Vet Hlth Syst, Rehabil Outcomes Res Ctr, Res Enhancement Award Program, Gainesville, FL USA. [Winkler, Sandra L. Hubbard] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Heinemann, Allen W.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Heinemann, Allen W.] Rehabil Inst Chicago, Ctr Rehabil Outcomes Res, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Jones, Melissa] USA, Manhattan, KS USA. [Esquenazi, Alberto] MossRehab & Albert Einstein Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Elkins Pk, PA USA. [McFarland, Lynne V.] Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA USA. RP McFarland, LV (reprint author), VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Hlth Serv Res & Dev, 1100 Olive Way,Suite 1400, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM Lynne.McFarland@va.gov RI Heinemann, Allen /K-6283-2012 OI Heinemann, Allen /0000-0003-2782-7326 FU VA Health Services Research and Development Service [IIR 05-244]; Career Scientist Award [RCS 98-353] FX This material was based on work supported by VA Health Services Research and Development Service (grant IIR 05-244) and a Career Scientist Award to Dr. Reiber (grant RCS 98-353). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the VA or DOD. NR 57 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 16 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 299 EP 316 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2009.03.0027 PG 18 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 623ZK UT WOS:000279785700007 PM 20803400 ER PT J AU Gailey, R McFarland, LV Cooper, RA Czerniecki, J Gambel, JM Hubbard, S Maynard, C Smith, DG Raya, M Reiber, GE AF Gailey, Robert McFarland, Lynne V. Cooper, Rory A. Czerniecki, Joseph Gambel, Jeffrey M. Hubbard, Sharon Maynard, Charles Smith, Douglas G. Raya, Michele Reiber, Gayle E. TI Unilateral lower-limb loss: Prosthetic device use and functional outcomes in servicemembers from Vietnam war and OIF/OEF conflicts SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE abandonment; amputation; limb loss; lower-limb loss; OIF/OEF; prostheses; prosthetic device; rehabilitation; satisfaction; Vietnam ID PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; TRAUMA-RELATED AMPUTATIONS; ARMY-MEDICAL-CENTER; LONG-TERM; VASCULAR INJURY; CARE; REHABILITATION; SATISFACTION; AMPUTEES; POPULATION AB Rehabilitation goals following major combat-associated limb loss in World War 11 and the Vietnam war focused on treatment of the injury and a return to civilian life. The goal for Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) servicemembers is to restore function to the greatest possible degree and, if they desire, return them to Active Duty, by providing them with extensive rehabilitation services and a variety of prosthetic devices. Our study determines the usefulness of these diverse types of prosthetic devices for restoring functional capability and documents prosthesis use and satisfaction. We compare servicemembers and veterans with major combat-associated unilateral lower-limb loss: 178 from the Vietnam war and 172 from OIF/OEF conflicts. Of survey participants with unilateral lower-limb loss, 84% of the Vietnam group and 94% of the OIF/OEF group currently use at least one prosthetic device. Reasons for rejection varied by type of device, but common reasons were pain, prosthesis too heavy, and poor fit. Abandonment is infrequent (11% Vietnam group, 4% OIF/OEF group). Future efforts should aim to improve prosthetic-device design, decrease pain, and improve quality of life for these veterans and servicemembers. C1 [McFarland, Lynne V.; Reiber, Gayle E.] Hlth Serv Res & Dev Serv, VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Gailey, Robert] Dept Vet Affairs VA Miami Healthcare Syst, Miami, FL USA. [Gailey, Robert] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Phys Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Cooper, Rory A.] VA Rehabil Res & Dev Serv, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Cooper, Rory A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Cooper, Rory A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Bioengn, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Cooper, Rory A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Rehabil Sci & Technol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Gambel, Jeffrey M.] Rehabil Care Serv, VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA USA. [Czerniecki, Joseph] Univ Washington, Dept Rehabil Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gambel, Jeffrey M.] USA, Med Corps, Washington, DC USA. [Gambel, Jeffrey M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Amputee Patient Care Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Hubbard, Sharon] Prosthet Res Study, Seattle, WA USA. [Smith, Douglas G.] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Raya, Michele] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Phys Therapy, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP McFarland, LV (reprint author), Hlth Serv Res & Dev Serv, VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, 1100 Olive Way,Suite 1400, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM Lynne.McFarland@va.gov RI Maynard, Charles/N-3906-2015 OI Maynard, Charles/0000-0002-1644-7814 FU VA Health Services Research and Development Service [IIR 05-244]; Career Scientist Award [RCS 98-353] FX This material was based on work supported in part by VA Health Services Research and Development Service (IIR 05-244) and a Career Scientist Award (RCS 98-353) to Dr. Reiber. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the VA or DOD. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 11 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 317 EP 331 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2009.04.0039 PG 15 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 623ZK UT WOS:000279785700008 PM 20803401 ER PT J AU Berke, GM Fergason, J Milani, JR Hattingh, J McDowell, M Nguyen, V Reiber, GE AF Berke, Gary M. Fergason, John Milani, John R. Hattingh, John McDowell, Martin Nguyen, Viet Reiber, Gayle E. TI Comparison of satisfaction with current prosthetic care in veterans and servicemembers from Vietnam and OIF/OEF conflicts with major traumatic limb loss SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE amputation site; OIF/OEF; prosthesis; prosthetic care; prosthetic device; rehabilitation; satisfaction; traumatic limb loss; veteran; Vietnam; wounded servicemember ID AMPUTEES; AMPUTATIONS; PAIN; DEVICES AB Prosthetic care is a vital aspect of healthcare and rehabilitation for veterans and servicemembers with major traumatic limb loss. Our survey queried 581 veterans and servicemembers with limb loss from the Vietnam and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)/Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) conflicts. Among survey participants, 78.2% from the Vietnam conflict and 90.5% from the OIF/OEF conflict currently use prosthetic devices. In Vietnam respondents, 78% received prosthetic care From private sources, 16% from Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) prosthetic laboratories, 0.9% from Department of Defense (DOD), and 5% from multiple sources. In OIF/OEF respondents, 42% received prosthetic care from private sources, 9% percent from VA, 39% from DOD, and 10% from multiple sources. Participants identified their satisfaction with current prosthetic devices and prosthetic services. Reports of pain, sweating, skin irritation, and problems with socket fit continue to be significant issues for participants from both conflicts regardless of level of amputation or site of service. In those with upper-limb loss who used myoelectric prostheses, minimal effect on prosthesis use and satisfaction was noted. Among lower-limb loss participants from both conflicts, notable differences existed in prosthesis satisfaction by source of care. C1 [Fergason, John] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Prosthet Orthot Clin, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Milani, John R.] Prosthet & Clin Logist Off, Dept Vet Affairs Cent Off, Washington, DC USA. [Hattingh, John] NW Prosthet & Orthot Clin, Seattle, WA USA. [McDowell, Martin] VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Prosthet Orthot Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Nguyen, Viet; Reiber, Gayle E.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Reiber, Gayle E.] VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Hlth Serv Res & Dev Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Berke, GM (reprint author), 801 Brewster Ave,Suite 270, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. EM gmberke@gmail.com FU VA Health Services Research and Development Service [IIR 05-244]; Career Scientist Award [RCS 98-353] FX This material was based on work supported by the VA Health Services Research and Development Service (grant IIR 05-244) and a Career Scientist Award to Dr. Reiber (grant RCS 98-353). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of VA or DOD. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 14 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 361 EP 371 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2009.12.0193 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 623ZK UT WOS:000279785700011 PM 20803404 ER PT J AU Blough, DK Hubbard, S McFarland, LV Smith, DG Gambel, JM Reiber, GE AF Blough, David K. Hubbard, Sharon McFarland, Lynne V. Smith, Douglas G. Gambel, Jeffrey M. Reiber, Gayle E. TI Prosthetic cost projections for servicemembers with major limb loss from Vietnam and OIF/OEF SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE amputation; assistive device; cost projection; costs; limb loss; Markov model; OIF/OEF; prosthetics; rehabilitation; Vietnam ID MEDICAL DECISION-ANALYSIS; PRIMER; AMPUTATION; RECONSTRUCTION; LEG AB This study projects prosthetic- and assistive-device costs for veterans with limb loss from Vietnam and injured servicemembers returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OFF) to inform the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) for these veterans' future care. The 2005 Medicare prosthetic device component prices were applied to current prosthetic and assistive-device use obtained from a national survey of 581 veterans and servicemembers with major traumatic amputations. Projections were made for 5-year, 10-year, 20-year, and lifetime costs based on eight Markov models. Average 5-year projected costs for prosthetic and assistive-device replacement for the Vietnam group are lower than for the OIF/OEF cohort due in part to use of fewer and less technologically advanced prosthetic devices and higher frequency of prosthetic abandonment. By limb-loss level, for the Vietnam group and OIF/OEF cohort, 5-year projected unilateral upper limb average costs are $31,129 and $117,440, unilateral lower limb costs are $82,251 and $228,665, and multiple limb costs are $130,890 and 5453,696, respectively. These figures provide the VA with a funding estimate for technologically advanced prosthetic and assistive devices within the framework of ongoing rehabilitation for veterans with traumatic limb loss from the Vietnam and OIF/OEF conflicts. C1 [Blough, David K.] Univ Washington, Dept Pharm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McFarland, Lynne V.; Reiber, Gayle E.] Hlth Serv Res & Dev Serv, Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA USA. [Hubbard, Sharon] Prosthet Res Study, Seattle, WA USA. [Smith, Douglas G.] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Gambel, Jeffrey M.] USA, Med Corps, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Amputee Patient Care Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Blough, DK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pharm, Box 357630, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dkblough@u.washington.edu FU VA Health Services Research and Development Service [IIR 05-244]; Career Scientist Award [RCS 98-353] FX This material is based upon work supported by VA Health Services Research and Development Service (grant IIR 05-244) and a Career Scientist Award to Dr. Reiber (grant RCS 98-353). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the VA or the DOD. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 387 EP 402 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2009.04.0037 PG 16 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 623ZK UT WOS:000279785700013 PM 20803406 ER PT J AU Plackett, TP Gamelli, RL Kovacs, EJ AF Plackett, Timothy P. Gamelli, Richard L. Kovacs, Elizabeth J. TI Gender-Based Differences in Cytokine Production after Burn Injury: A Role of Interleukin-6 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID ACUTE ETHANOL EXPOSURE; THERMAL-INJURY; TRAUMA-HEMORRHAGE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; MURINE MODEL; RISK-FACTORS; AGED MICE; MORTALITY; IL-6 AB BACKGROUND: Gender-specific differences have been found in the survival of patients after a burn injury. Using a murine model of burn injury, suppression of cell-mediated immunity occurs in a gender-specific manner. Immunosuppression correlated with elevated circulating interleukin-6. This study examines gender differences in cytokine production after injury and the role of interleukin-6. STUDY DESIGN: A murine model of dorsal scald injury was used to examine differences in splenocyte production of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, and interferon-gamma in male versus female mice, and cytokine production in interleukin-6-deficient male mice. RESULTS: At 24 hours after burn injury, there was substantially greater suppression of T-helper 1 cytokine production in male mice than in female mice. Interleukin-6-deficient male mice had improved cytokine production relative to wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS: Suppression of the cell-mediated immune response in male mice correlated with lower T-helper 1 cytokine production, compared with female mice. Additionally, immune response and cytokine production is improved by interleukin-6 deficiency. (J Am Coll Surg 2010;210:73-78. (C) 2010 by the American College of Surgeons) C1 [Kovacs, Elizabeth J.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Burn & Shock Trauma Inst, Maywood, IL 60513 USA. [Plackett, Timothy P.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Kovacs, EJ (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Burn & Shock Trauma Inst, Bldg 110,Room 4232,2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60513 USA. EM ekovacs@lumc.edu FU NIH [R01 AG 18859, R01 AA 012034,]; Department of Defense [W81XWH-07-1-0673]; Illinois Excellence in Academic Medicine; Dr Ralph and Marian C Falk Medical Research Trust FX This work was supported, in part, by NIH R01 AG 18859, NIH R01 AA 012034, Department of Defense W81XWH-07-1-0673, Illinois Excellence in Academic Medicine Grant, and the Dr Ralph and Marian C Falk Medical Research Trust. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 210 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.09.019 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 617KO UT WOS:000279279800012 PM 20123335 ER PT J AU Yeo, H Sinsay, JD Acree, CW AF Yeo, Hyeonsoo Sinsay, Jeffrey D. Acree, C. W., Jr. TI Selection of Rotor Solidity for Heavy Lift Tiltrotor Design SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The process of rotor blade area sizing during conceptual design was explored for the design of military and civil heavy lift tiltrotors. The use of the comprehensive rotorcraft analysis CAMRAD II was investigated as an aid to aircraft sizing, performed in the RC design code. Hover, cruise, and turn performance calculations were conducted on a initial design from RC with CAMRAD II. The results of this were then fed back into RC and the designs updated. A sustained, level-altitude, 45-deg bank angle, coordinated turn capability at 80 kt was chosen as the critical maneuver condition. This quasi-steady-state condition was modeled in CAMRAD II. Three different ways, appropriate for conceptual design, to quantify the necessary rotor solidity for the maneuver were examined: (I) total power required, (2) a rotor stall boundary as defined by the slope of aircraft power, and (3) a rotor stall boundary defined by the rise in rotor profile power. Stall boundary, defined by a rise in rotor profile power, was identified as the preferred way to select rotor solidity in maneuver. The method developed shows promise as a reasonable approach to accessing rotor solidity requirements during conceptual design. C1 [Yeo, Hyeonsoo; Sinsay, Jeffrey D.] USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate AMRDEC, Ames Res Ctr, Res Dev & Engn Command, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Acree, C. W., Jr.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Aeromech Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Yeo, H (reprint author), USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate AMRDEC, Ames Res Ctr, Res Dev & Engn Command, Moffett Field, CA USA. EM hyeonsoo.yeo@us.army.mil NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 AR 012010 DI 10.4050/JAHS.55.012010 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 745CN UT WOS:000289141600011 ER PT J AU Andrei, P Zheng, JP Hendrickson, M Plichta, EJ AF Andrei, P. Zheng, J. P. Hendrickson, M. Plichta, E. J. TI Some Possible Approaches for Improving the Energy Density of Li-Air Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM/OXYGEN BATTERY; ORGANIC ELECTROLYTE; CELL AB A physics-based model is proposed for the simulation of Li-air batteries. The model is carefully calibrated against published data and is used to simulate standard Li-air batteries with a nonaqueous (organic) electrolyte. The specific capacity is mainly limited by the oxygen diffusion length, which is a function of the oxygen diffusivity in the electrolyte and the discharge current density. Various approaches to increase the specific capacity of the cathode electrode and the energy density of Li-air batteries are discussed. To increase the specific capacity and energy density, it is more efficient to use a nonuniform catalyst that enhances the reaction rate only at the separator-cathode interface than a catalyst uniformly distributed. Using uniformly distributed catalysts enhances the current and power density of the cell but does not increase significantly the specific capacity and energy density. The specific capacity and energy density can be increased by suppressing the reaction rate at the oxygen-entrance interface to delay the pinch-off of the conduction channel in this region. Other possibilities to enhance the energy density such as using solvents with high oxygen solubility and diffusivity and partly wetted electrodes are discussed. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3486114] All rights reserved. C1 [Andrei, P.; Zheng, J. P.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Zheng, J. P.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Hendrickson, M.; Plichta, E. J.] USA, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Andrei, P (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM zheng@eng.fsu.edu FU U.S. Army-CERDEC; National Sciences Foundation under Engineering Research Center [EEC-0812121] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army-CERDEC and the National Sciences Foundation under Engineering Research Center Program no. EEC-0812121. NR 21 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 66 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 12 BP A1287 EP A1295 DI 10.1149/1.3486114 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 676SH UT WOS:000283938300002 ER PT J AU Moss, PL Au, G Plichta, EJ Zheng, JP AF Moss, P. L. Au, G. Plichta, E. J. Zheng, J. P. TI Study of Capacity Fade of Lithium-Ion Polymer Rechargeable Batteries with Continuous Cycling SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; GRAPHITE ANODES; INTERFACE; LICOO2; DECOMPOSITION; MECHANISMS; CARBONATE; IMPEDANCE; CATHODES; CELLS AB A cycle life study was done on commercial lithium-ion polymer batteries to quantify contributions to capacity fade with continuous charge-discharge cycling. The cell consists of graphite (meso-carbon microbeads) as an anode material and lithium cobalt oxide (LixCoO(2)) as a cathode material. Analyses were done using ac impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that contributions to capacity fade with continuous charge/discharge cycling included solvent-salt deposition on the anode surface; however, instability and cation disorder in the cathode electrode were identified as the main reasons for capacity fade with continuous charge/discharge cycling. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3246001] All rights reserved. C1 [Moss, P. L.; Zheng, J. P.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Zheng, J. P.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Au, G.; Plichta, E. J.] USA, Power Div, Army Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Moss, PL (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM zheng@eng.fsu.edu FU US Army CERDEC; National Science Foundation under Engineering Research Center [EEC-0812121] FX This work was supported by US Army CERDEC and National Science Foundation under Engineering Research Center program no. EEC-0812121. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 1 BP A1 EP A7 DI 10.1149/1.3246001 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 527SQ UT WOS:000272387200001 ER PT J AU Zhang, GQ Zheng, JP Liang, R Zhang, C Wang, B Hendrickson, M Plichta, EJ AF Zhang, G. Q. Zheng, J. P. Liang, R. Zhang, C. Wang, B. Hendrickson, M. Plichta, E. J. TI Lithium-Air Batteries Using SWNT/CNF Buckypapers as Air Electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC ELECTROLYTE; ENERGY DENSITY AB Li-air cells based on Li foil as an anode electrode, freestanding carbon nanotube/nanofiber mixed buckypaper as an air (cathode) electrode, and organic electrolyte were assembled. The air electrode was made with single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) without any binder. The discharge capacity was strongly dependent on both the discharge current density and the thickness of the air electrode. A discharge capacity as high as 2500 mAh/g was obtained for an air electrode at a thickness of 20 mu m with a discharge current density of 0.1 mA/cm(2); however, it was reduced to 400 mAh/g when the thickness of the air electrode was increased to 220 mu m. For a 66 mu m thick air electrode, the discharge capacity decreased from 1600 to 340 mAh/g when the discharge current density increased from 0.1 to 0.5 mA/cm(2). The scanning electron microscope images on surfaces of the air electrode from a fully discharged cell showed that the voids at the air side were almost fully filled by the solid deposition; however, the voids at the membrane side were still wide open. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3446852] All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, G. Q.; Zheng, J. P.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Liang, R.; Zhang, C.; Wang, B.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Zheng, J. P.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Liang, R.; Zhang, C.; Wang, B.] Florida State Univ, High Performance Mat Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Hendrickson, M.; Plichta, E. J.] USA, Power Div, Army CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Zhang, GQ (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM zheng@eng.fsu.edu RI zhang, guoqing/G-7798-2011 OI zhang, guoqing/0000-0001-5896-0483 FU U.S. Army-CERDEC FX This work was supported by U.S. Army-CERDEC. NR 14 TC 138 Z9 147 U1 12 U2 115 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 8 BP A953 EP A956 DI 10.1149/1.3446852 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 622OP UT WOS:000279673400008 ER PT J AU Grew, KN Chu, D Chiu, WKS AF Grew, Kyle N. Chu, Deryn Chiu, Wilson K. S. TI Ionic Equilibrium and Transport in the Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE dissociation; ionic conductivity; membranes; polymers; solvation ID TEMPERATURE FUEL-CELLS; SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS; ACIDITY FUNCTIONS; PROTON TRANSPORT; PEMFC SCIENCE; QUANTUM JUMPS; CONDUCTIVITY; NAFION; THERMODYNAMICS; DEGRADATION AB Several groups have demonstrated alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs) with promising hydroxyl anion conductivity and stability without a supporting metal hydroxide solution. This work examines the equilibrium dissociation and solvation processes associated with the AAEM's quaternary ammonium side chains and its impact on the membrane's ionic conductivity. This is undertaken using an analogy to acidity functions for solutions containing a strong base of similar chemical structure to the AAEM's functional groups. The AAEM has a lower base dissociation constant, relative to the acid dissociation constant for DuPont's Nafion. The lower dissociation constant results in a smaller degree of dissociation and thus availability of ionic charge carriers. An ionic transport model is then used to predict membrane conductivities. The dissociation and solvation models are used to prescribe the concentration of the available charge carriers. The dissociation and solvation models permit a consistent description of the AAEM and Nafion to predict ionic conductivity. This model is validated with experimental ionic conductivity data. The dissociation and solvation processes are recognized as a prominent factor influencing membrane conductivity.(C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3368728] All rights reserved. C1 [Grew, Kyle N.; Chiu, Wilson K. S.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Grew, Kyle N.; Chu, Deryn] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Grew, KN (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM wchiu@engr.uconn.edu RI Grew, Kyle/K-3982-2013 OI Grew, Kyle/0000-0002-1645-3835 FU National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge that these efforts were completed under the direction of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory STEP summer student internship program. Special thanks to Dr. Cynthia Lundgren of the U. S. Army Research Laboratory for her help with facilitating this opportunity. The authors also acknowledge support from the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) fellowship program, administered by the American Society of Engineering Educators (ASEE). NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 7 BP B1024 EP B1032 DI 10.1149/1.3368728 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 603BJ UT WOS:000278182600032 ER PT J AU Grapes, MD Morris, CJ AF Grapes, Michael D. Morris, Christopher J. TI Improving the CoNiMnP Electrodeposition Process Using Taguchi Design of Experiments SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PERMANENT-MAGNET ARRAYS; THIN-FILMS; NICKEL; MEDIA; FIELD AB Thin film magnetic materials with out-of-plane anisotropy are important for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuation and other applications requiring forces at a distance. Electrodeposited magnetic alloys are the most easily integrated option because they do not require high temperature processing or exotic seed layers. However, electrodeposition processes can be inconsistent and optimizing such processes is difficult because of the large number of factors typically involved: seed layer, bath chemistry, physical bath parameters, and current density. Such problems are well-suited to Taguchi design of experiments, which we used to determine and optimize factors with the largest influence on residual stress and out-of-plane magnetic properties of CoNiMnP films. A new process recipe resulted which yielded a maximum energy density of 5.3 kJ/m(3), a remanence of 220 mT, and a coercivity of 93 kA/m. These results provide improved properties for immediate application in magnetic MEMS and should guide future work in the optimization of CoNiMnP and other electroplated cobalt alloys. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3499355] All rights reserved. C1 [Grapes, Michael D.; Morris, Christopher J.] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Grapes, MD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM christopher.morris17@us.army.mil NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 12 BP D642 EP D647 DI 10.1149/1.3499355 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 676SH UT WOS:000283938300058 ER PT J AU Gougousi, T Hackley, JC Demaree, JD Lacis, JW AF Gougousi, Theodosia Hackley, Justin C. Demaree, J. Derek Lacis, John W. TI Growth and Interface Evolution of HfO2 Films on GaAs(100) Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ammonia; atomic layer deposition; gallium arsenide; gallium compounds; hafnium compounds; III-V semiconductors; Rutherford backscattering; thin films; water; X-ray photoelectron spectra ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; RAY-PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; GAAS 100 SURFACES; OXIDES; DECOMPOSITION; DIELECTRICS; SI; MICROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY; HAFNIUM AB The initial film growth (2-100 cycles) and the interface evolution of HfO2 thin films on GaAs surfaces were investigated for an atomic layer deposition chemistry that utilizes tetrakis(ethylmethyl) amino hafnium and H2O at 250 degrees C. Starting surfaces include native oxide and HF or NH4OH-etched substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that deposition on native oxide GaAs surfaces results in the gradual consumption of the arsenic and gallium oxides. Arsenic oxides are easier to remove, leaving some metallic arsenic-arsenic suboxide at the interface. The removal of the gallium oxides is slower, and some residual Ga2O3 and Ga2O are detected after 100 process cycles. High resolution transmission electron microscopy confirms the presence of an almost sharp interface for the 100 cycle (12 nm) film and indicates that the as-deposited film is polycrystalline. The depositions on either HF or NH4OH-etched substrates result in a sharp interface with very little residual gallium oxide and arsenic suboxide present. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy shows that steady-state growth comparable to that achieved on SiO2 is reached after similar to 20 ALD cycles for all GaAs surfaces; however, high initial surface activity is detected for the etched surfaces. C1 [Gougousi, Theodosia; Hackley, Justin C.; Lacis, John W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Demaree, J. Derek] USA, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gougousi, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM gougousi@umbc.edu RI Gougousi, Theodosia/C-8156-2014 FU American Chemical Society; NSF [DMR-0846445] FX Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund and the NSF (DMR-0846445) for partial support of this research. The authors also acknowledge Karen G. Gaskell from the XPS facility of the University of Maryland for taking the data and many helpful discussions. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 5 BP H551 EP H556 DI 10.1149/1.3353166 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 581WF UT WOS:000276555300068 ER PT J AU Belanger, HG Kretzmer, T Vanderploeg, RD French, LM AF Belanger, Heather G. Kretzmer, Tracy Vanderploeg, Rodney D. French, Louis M. TI Symptom complaints following combat-related traumatic brain injury: Relationship to traumatic brain injury severity and posttraumatic stress disorder SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE TBI; Mild TBI; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Postconcussion syndrome; Brain concussion; Brain injuries ID MILD HEAD-INJURY; POSTCONCUSSION-SYNDROME; CHRONIC PAIN; DISABILITIES; IMPAIRMENTS; ADJUSTMENT; PREVALENCE AB Patients with a history of mild (n = 134) or moderate-to-severe (n = 91) TBI were asked to complete the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist. Consistent with prior research, significantly more postconcussion symptoms were endorsed by the mild group. After controlling for age, time since injury, and mechanism of injury, TBI severity continued to be significantly related to postconcussion complaints on the NSI. However, after controlling for these same variables, along with posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity, there no longer were differences between the TBI severity groups. That is, patients with mild TBI did not endorse significantly more complaints (adjusted mean = 22.4) than the moderate-to-severe group (ad Listed mean = 21.8). These findings suggest that much of the symptom complaints in mildly injured patients may be due to emotional distress. (JINS, 2010, 16, 194-199.) C1 [Belanger, Heather G.; Kretzmer, Tracy; Vanderploeg, Rodney D.] James A Haley VA, Dept Mental Hlth & Behav Sci, Tampa, FL USA. [Belanger, Heather G.; Vanderploeg, Rodney D.] Univ S Florida, Dept Psychol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Belanger, Heather G.; Vanderploeg, Rodney D.; French, Louis M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Vanderploeg, Rodney D.] Univ S Florida, Dept Psychiat, Tampa, FL USA. [French, Louis M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [French, Louis M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Belanger, HG (reprint author), James A Haley Vet Hosp, MHBS 116B,13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM heather.belanger@va.gov FU Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration (VHA); Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC); James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital FX The research reported here was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration (VHA), and the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC). Further support was provided by the James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or the official policy of the Department of Army. Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs. or U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1355-6177 J9 J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC JI J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 194 EP 199 DI 10.1017/S1355617709990841 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 543LR UT WOS:000273579600021 PM 19758488 ER PT J AU White, PW Gillespie, DL Feurstein, I Aidinian, G Phinney, S Cox, MW Adams, E Fox, CJ AF White, Paul W. Gillespie, David L. Feurstein, Irwin Aidinian, Gilbert Phinney, Samuel Cox, Mitchell W. Adams, Eric Fox, Charles J. TI Sixty-Four Slice Multidetector Computed Tomographic Angiography in the Evaluation of Vascular Trauma SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Vascular-Society CY SEP 27-29, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Eastern Vasc Soc DE Vascular trauma; Penetrating; Vascular injury; CTA; MDCTA ID PENETRATING EXTREMITY TRAUMA; CT ANGIOGRAPHY; PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION; ARTERIAL INJURIES; ARTERIOGRAPHY; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; BLUNT AB Background: Artifacts produced by metallic fragments and orthopedic hardware limit the usefulness of conventional computed tomography in many military trauma patients. Contemporary literature suggests that multidetector computed tomographic angiography (MDCTA) by resolving these limitations may provide a useful noninvasive alternative to invasive arteriography. The objective of this study is to review the utility of MDCTA in the evaluation of recent combat casualties with vascular injuries. Methods: Data on all vascular trauma patients seen by our service has been collected prospectively and entered into a database. A retrospective review was conducted of patients seen from August through December 2006 who Underwent MDCTA. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, modality of evaluation, and findings were recorded. Results: Twenty patients underwent MDCTA. Thirteen patients were injured by blast fragments. Seven patients were injured by gunshot wounds. Nineteen of 20 studies were diagnostic and one was judged to be indeterminate. Studies in nine patients identified arterial injuries. Multiple extremities were evaluated with a single study in 16 patients. Fifteen studies assessed the lower extremities, four the tipper extremities and two the neck. Fourteen patients in this series had retained fragments, 10 had external fixators or intramedullary rods, and only 4 had neither retained fragments nor orthopedic hardware. MDCTA allowed for assessment of the arterial runoff despite hardware or fragments in 15 of 16 (94%) patients. Comparative studies were available in four patients in addition to MDCTA. There were no missed injuries in these four patients. Conclusions: MDCTA yielded high resolution images that were very useful for the delayed evaluation of combat casualties. The presence of metallic fragments or orthopedic hardware did not significantly interfere with MDCTA. It is a reliable and promising alternative to traditional arteriography for evaluating clinically occult vascular trauma. C1 [White, Paul W.; Gillespie, David L.; Aidinian, Gilbert; Phinney, Samuel; Cox, Mitchell W.; Adams, Eric; Fox, Charles J.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vasc Surg Serv, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [White, Paul W.; Gillespie, David L.; Aidinian, Gilbert; Cox, Mitchell W.; Adams, Eric; Fox, Charles J.] Uniformed Univ Hlth Sci, Div Vasc Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. [Feurstein, Irwin] Uniformed Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. [Feurstein, Irwin] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP White, PW (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 300 Hosp Rd, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. EM paul.william.white@us.army.mil OI Gillespie, David/0000-0002-4378-9465 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2010 VL 68 IS 1 BP 96 EP 102 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e318190c4ca PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 543NR UT WOS:000273585800019 PM 19779310 ER PT J AU Aidinian, G Fox, CJ Rasmussen, TE Gillespie, DL AF Aidinian, Gilbert Fox, Charles J. Rasmussen, Todd E. Gillespie, David L. TI Varied presentations of missile emboli in military combat SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID VENOUS BULLET EMBOLISM; EXTRACTION; WARTIME; TRAUMA AB Fragment embolization is a rare phenomenon in trauma patients. Although surgical and endovascular management of vascular injuries have evolved significantly, the detection and management of fragment emboli remain a formidable challenge. We reviewed our experience with this entity from December 2001 to March 2008. During this time period, four (1.1%) of 346 US soldiers evacuated to Walter Reed with arterial or venous injuries were discovered to have suffered missile emboli. Venous emboli were treated with anticoagulation and arterial emboli were treated with standard embolectomy techniques with good result. The presentation, diagnosis, and surgical management of these cases are described. (J Vasc Surg 2010;51:214-7.) C1 [Aidinian, Gilbert; Fox, Charles J.; Gillespie, David L.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Peripheral Vasc Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Fox, Charles J.; Rasmussen, Todd E.; Gillespie, David L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Norman Rich Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Vasc Surg Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Gillespie, David L.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Div Vasc Surg, Rochester, NY USA. RP Aidinian, G (reprint author), Dept Surg, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. EM gilbert.aidinian@us.army.mil OI Gillespie, David/0000-0002-4378-9465 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 51 IS 1 BP 214 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.06.054 PG 4 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 545BX UT WOS:000273708500037 PM 19703749 ER PT J AU Kim, HC Yang, YC Chong, ST Ko, SJ Lee, SE Klein, TA Chae, JS AF Kim, Heung-Chul Yang, Young-Cheol Chong, Sung-Tae Ko, Sung-Jin Lee, Sang-Eun Klein, Terry A. Chae, Joon-Seok TI DETECTION OF RICKETTSIA TYPHI AND SEASONAL PREVALENCE OF FLEAS COLLECTED FROM SMALL MAMMALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ctenophthalmus congeneroides; flea; Korea; Rickettsia typhi; Stenoponia sidimi ID CTENOCEPHALIDES-FELIS; BORNE; BARTONELLA; EXPOSURE; MURINE AB Fleas were collected from live-captured small mammals to identify potential flea-borne pathogens, seasonal prevalence of flea species, and host preference as part of the US military rodent-borne diseases surveillance program conducted at one US military installation and 10 military training sites, northern Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea. During 2003-04, 948 fleas (563 females and 385 males) were recovered from 2,742 small mammals (seven rodent mid one insectivore species). Apodemus agrarius (striped field mouse) accounted for 88.9% (2,439/2,742) of the small mammals, followed by Crocidura lasiura (4.2%), Mus musculus (2.9%), Microtus fortis (2.2%), Myodes regulus (0.6%), Micromys minutus (0.5%), Tscherskia triton (0.5%), and Rattus norvegicus (0.3%). Small mammal infestation rates (number with fleas/number captured) ranged from 7.7% (M. minutus and T. triton) to 31.3% (M. regulus). Flea indices were highest for M. regulus (0.69/captured rodent), followed by C. lasiura (0.54), M. fortis (0.41), A. agrarius (0.34), and R. norvegicus (0.33). Overall, Ctenophthalmus congeneroides (51.3%) was more frequently collected, followed by Stenoponia sidimi (42.6%), Rhadinopsylla insolita (5.5%), Neopsylla bidentatiformis (0.4%), Rhadinopsylla concava (0.1%), and Doratopsylla coreana (0.1%). Ctenophthalmus congeneroides was more frequently collected from small mammals during the spring and summer, while S. sidimi was more frequently collected during the winter season. Rickettsia typhi, the causative agent of murine typhus, was detected in 3.2% of specimens (7/220 pools from 654 fleas; minimum field infection rate [number of positive pools/total number of fleas] was 1.1%). C1 [Ko, Sung-Jin; Chae, Joon-Seok] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Ko, Sung-Jin; Chae, Joon-Seok] Seoul Natl Univ, Program Vet Sci BK21, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Kim, Heung-Chul; Chong, Sung-Tae] USA, MEDDAC Korea, Unit 15247, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Yang, Young-Cheol] Eulji Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Songnam 461713, South Korea. [Lee, Sang-Eun] Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Seoul 122701, South Korea. [Klein, Terry A.] USA, MEDDAC Korea, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. RP Chae, JS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM jschae@snu.ac.kr RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU Center for Health Promotion mid Preventive Medicine, Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Silver Spring, Maryland; National Center for Medical Intelligence, Ft. Detrick, Maryland; BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University FX We thank Ms. Suk-Hee Yi for analysis of data and geographic information system (GIS) mapping. We thank the commanders and their personnel of the 5th mid 38th Medical Detachments, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, for their support ill conducting small mammal surveillance. We especially thank Major General Phillip Volpe, Commander 18th Medical Command, Seoul, Korea, Lieutenant Colonel Hee-Chom Lee, Force Health Protection, 18th Medical Command, Seoul, Korea, and Joel Gaydos, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Silver Spring, Maryland, for their support and constructive criticism. Funding for portions of this work was provided by the Center for Health Promotion mid Preventive Medicine, Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Silver Spring, Maryland, the National Center for Medical Intelligence, Ft. Detrick, Maryland, mid the BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect official policy or positions of the US Department of Defense, the US Department of the Army, or the US government. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 165 EP 172 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 548JE UT WOS:000273957100017 PM 20090029 ER PT J AU Blank, S AF Blank, Stephen BE Freire, MR Kanet, RE TI International Rivalries in Eurasia SO KEY PLAYERS AND REGIONAL DYNAMICS IN EURASIA: THE RETURN OF THE GREAT GAME LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Blank, Stephen] USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. [Blank, Stephen] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. [Blank, Stephen] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Blank, S (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 134 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-29075-4 PY 2010 BP 29 EP 54 D2 10.1057/9780230290754 PG 26 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVJ22 UT WOS:000291639100004 ER PT J AU Piruska, A Branagan, SP Minnis, AB Wang, Z Cropek, DM Sweedler, JV Bohn, PW AF Piruska, Aigars Branagan, Sean P. Minnis, Alexandra B. Wang, Zhen Cropek, Donald M. Sweedler, Jonathan V. Bohn, Paul W. TI Electrokinetic control of fluid transport in gold-coated nanocapillary array membranes in hybrid nanofluidic-microfluidic devices SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID MASS-LIMITED SAMPLES; IMMOBILIZATION; CHANNELS; SURFACE; AU; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); FABRICATION; DESORPTION; MONOLAYERS; SEPARATION AB The introduction of metallic elements into microfluidic devices that support electrokinetic transport creates several fundamental issues relative to the high conductivity of the metal, which can act as a current shunt, causing profound effects on the transport process. Here we examine the use of Au-coated nanocapillary array membranes (Au NCAMs) as electrically addressable fluid control elements in multi-layer microfluidic architectures. Three alternative methods for fluid injection across Au NCAMs are presented: electrokinetic injection across NCAMs with Au coated on one side (asymmetric NCAM), electrokinetic injection across NCAMs with an embedded Au layer (symmetric NCAM), and field-free electroosmotic flow (EOF) pumping across either type of Au NCAM. Injection efficiency across asymmetric NCAMs depends on the orientation of the asymmetric membrane relative to the driving potential. Efficient injections are enabled when the Au coating is on the receiving side of the membrane, however, some distortion of the injected volume element is observed, especially with large injection potentials. These results for asymmetric membranes agree qualitatively with two-dimensional numerical simulations of injections across a single slit pore, which suggest that the direction-selective transport behavior is related to electrophoretic transport of the anionic fluorescein probe. Reproducible, high quality injections are also achieved in symmetric Au NCAMs having an embedded gold nanoband region within the nanopores. Nanoband Au NCAMs are excellent candidates for a range of applications, including high efficiency electrochemical sensing, electrochemically catalyzed conversion or pretreatment and label free sensing utilizing extraordinary optical transmission. EOF pumping could be an alternative to electrokinetic injections in some applications, however, this approach is only useful for relatively large pore sizes (>400 nm) and presents considerably worse sample spreading via Taylor dispersion. C1 [Piruska, Aigars; Branagan, Sean P.; Minnis, Alexandra B.; Wang, Zhen; Bohn, Paul W.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bohn, Paul W.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Cropek, Donald M.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. [Sweedler, Jonathan V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bohn, PW (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM pbohn@nd.edu RI Sweedler, Jonathan/A-9405-2009 OI Sweedler, Jonathan/0000-0003-3107-9922 FU Department of Energy [DE FG02 07ER15851]; National Science Foundation [DMI-0328162] FX Funding by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, the Department of Energy grant DE FG02 07ER15851 and by the National Science Foundation under Award No. DMI-0328162 is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Greg Janowiak for carrying out computational simulations. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1237 EP 1244 DI 10.1039/b924164g PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 592EP UT WOS:000277359600003 PM 20445875 ER PT S AU Stann, BL Dammann, JF Giza, MM Jian, PS Lawler, WB Nguyen, HM Sadler, LC AF Stann, Barry L. Dammann, John F. Giza, Mark M. Jian, Pey-Schuan Lawler, William B. Nguyen, Hung M. Sadler, Laurel C. BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI MEMS-scanned ladar sensor for small ground robots SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XV CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE ladar; laser radar; three-dimensional imaging; ground robots AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is researching a short-range ladar imager for small unmanned ground vehicles for navigation, obstacle/collision avoidance, and target detection and identification. To date, commercial ladars for this application have been flawed by one or more factors including, low pixelization, insufficient range or range resolution, image artifacts, no daylight operation, large size, high power consumption, and high cost. In the prior year we conceived a scanned ladar design based on a newly developed but commercial MEMS mirror and a pulsed Erbium fiber laser. We initiated construction, and performed in-lab tests that validated the basic ladar architecture. This year we improved the transmitter and receiver modules and successfully tested a new low-cost and compact Erbium laser candidate. We further developed the existing software to allow adjustment of operating parameters on-the-fly and display of the imaged data in real-time. For our most significant achievement we mounted the ladar on an iRobot PackBot and wrote software to integrate PackBot and ladar control signals and ladar imagery on the PackBot's computer network. We recently remotely drove the PackBot over an inlab obstacle course while displaying the ladar data real-time over a wireless link. The ladar has a 5-6 Hz frame rate, an image size of 256 (h) x 128 (v) pixels, a 60 degrees x 30 degrees field of regard, 20 m range, eyesafe operation, and 40 cm range resolution (with provisions for super-resolution or accuracy). This paper will describe the ladar design and update progress in its development and performance. C1 [Stann, Barry L.; Dammann, John F.; Giza, Mark M.; Lawler, William B.; Nguyen, Hung M.; Sadler, Laurel C.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Stann, BL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8148-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7684 AR 76841E DI 10.1117/12.850388 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSM51 UT WOS:000284940500045 ER PT S AU Sanamyan, T Dubinskii, M AF Sanamyan, T. Dubinskii, M. BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Cryogenically cooled operation of diode-pumped 3-mu m Er(3+):Y(2)O(3) ceramic laser SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security VI CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Lasers; diode-pumped; laser materials; lasers; erbium; ceramic; cryogenic ID YAG AB Reported here is cryogenically-cooled performance of Er(3+)-doped Y(2)O(3) laser at 2.7 mu m based on (4)I(11/2) double right arrow (4)I(13/2) transitions and diode-pumped at 974 nm directly into an upper laser manifold 4I11/2. Efficiency of cryogenically cooled performance is getting close to its quantum defect limited value of similar to 30%. C1 [Sanamyan, T.; Dubinskii, M.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dubinskii, M (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM mdubinskiy@arl.army.mil; mdubinskiy@arl.army.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8150-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7686 AR 76860H DI 10.1117/12.853946 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSS86 UT WOS:000285717900013 ER PT S AU Word-Daniels, A Newburgh, A Michael, A Merkle, L Dubinskii, M AF Word-Daniels, Akil Newburgh, Alex Michael, Arockiasamy Merkle, Larry Dubinskii, Mark BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Comparative study of Ho(3+) doped Yttria (Yttrium oxide), LuAG and YAG as gain media for eye-safe resonantly pumped lasers SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security VI CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Holmium; Yttria; LuAG; YAG; absorption cross section; emission cross section ID EMISSION CROSS-SECTIONS; ENERGY-LEVELS; ABSORPTION; IONS AB We present spectroscopic properties and lasing results of Ho(3+)-doped Yttria (Y(2)O(3)), LuAG (Lu(3)Al(5)O(12)), and YAG (Y(3)Al(5)O(12)) at wavelengths beyond 1.6 mu m. High resolution measurements of absorption and stimulated emission cross sections of Ho(3+) in these hosts from 77K to 300K are reported. Laser operation based on (5)I(7) to (5)I(8) transitions of Ho(3+) in these hosts is demonstrated. C1 [Word-Daniels, Akil; Newburgh, Alex; Michael, Arockiasamy; Merkle, Larry; Dubinskii, Mark] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Word-Daniels, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8150-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7686 AR 76860F DI 10.1117/12.853922 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSS86 UT WOS:000285717900011 ER PT J AU Joseph, C Yaroslavsky, A Goyette, T Giles, R Nixon, W AF Joseph, Cecil Yaroslavsky, Anna Goyette, Thomas Giles, Robert Nixon, William TI REFRACTIVE INDICES OF HUMAN AND MOUSE SKIN CANCERS IN TERAHERTZ WAVELENGTH RANGE SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine and Surgery CY APR 16-18, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Submillimeter Wave Technol Lab, Lowell, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Wellman Ctr Photomed, Boston, MA USA. USA, Natl Ground Intelligence Ctr, Charlottesville, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2010 SU 22 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 578LL UT WOS:000276295000047 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, Edwin B. TI Hell in An Loc: The 1972 Easter Invasion and the Battle That Saved South Viet Nam SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Burgess, Edwin B.] USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 135 IS 1 BP 121 EP 121 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 545BA UT WOS:000273705600233 ER PT S AU Das, NC Change, W AF Das, Naresh C. Change, W. BE Streubel, KP Joen, H Tu, LW Linder, N TI Grating coupled enhancement of light emission from IR Light emitting diode devices SO LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS FOR SOLID STATE LIGHTING XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Light - Emitting Diodes - Materials, Devices, and Applications for Solid State Lighting XIV CY JAN 26-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Surface emitting devices; IR scene projection; 2-D LED array ID INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS; QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; WAVE-GUIDE; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE AB We report here the electroluminescence in the range of 3-4.5 mu m and 6-10 mu m from Sb-based type II interband quantum cascade structure LED devices. We measured the light emission from the top surface of the device with different grating structures. We used different etch depths for the grating formation. The light-current-voltage (LIV) characteristics measured at both room and cryogenic temperatures show that the device with 45 degree angle grating and 1.0 mu m deep etch onto the GaSb surface has the highest emission power. C1 [Das, Naresh C.; Change, W.] USA, Res Lab, Microphoton Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Das, NC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Microphoton Branch, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8013-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7617 AR 76171W DI 10.1117/12.847990 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSG18 UT WOS:000284355700030 ER PT B AU Muinonen, K Tyynela, J Zubko, E Videen, G AF Muinonen, Karri Tyynela, Jani Zubko, Evgenij Videen, Gorden BE Kokhanovsky, AA TI Coherent backscattering in planetary regoliths SO LIGHT SCATTERING REVIEWS 5: SINGLE LIGHT SCATTERING AND RADIATIVE TRANSFER SE Springer-Praxis Books in Environmental Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GAUSSIAN RANDOM PARTICLES; DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; INTERNAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; RAY OPTICS APPROXIMATION; SOLAR-SYSTEM OBJECTS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; NEGATIVE POLARIZATION; SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; DUST PARTICLES; MINOR PLANETS C1 [Muinonen, Karri; Tyynela, Jani] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Videen, Gorden] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Muinonen, K (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64,Gustaf Hallstromin Katu 2A, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM muinonen@cc.helsinki.fi; jani.tyynela@helsinki.fi; evgenij.zubko@helsinki.fi; gorden.videen@arl.army.mil NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-10335-3 J9 S-P B ENVIRON SCI PY 2010 BP 477 EP 518 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-10336-0_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-10336-0 PG 42 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BQX91 UT WOS:000282079700011 ER PT J AU Jones-Kellogg, R AF Jones-Kellogg, Rebecca TI The Anthology in Portugal: A New Approach to the History of Portuguese Literature in the Twentieth Century SO LUSO-BRAZILIAN REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Jones-Kellogg, Rebecca] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. RP Jones-Kellogg, R (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 1930 MONROE ST, 3RD FL, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0024-7413 J9 LUSO-BRAZ REV JI Luso-Braz. Rev. PY 2010 VL 47 IS 2 BP 197 EP 199 PG 3 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 705ZU UT WOS:000286180800011 ER PT S AU Mathaudhu, SN Nyberg, EA AF Mathaudhu, Suveen N. Nyberg, Eric A. BE Agnew, SR Neelameggham, NR Nyberg, EA Sillekens, WH TI MAGNESIUM ALLOYS IN U.S. MILITARY APPLICATIONS: PAST, CURRENT AND FUTURE SOLUTIONS SO MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2010 SE Magnesium Technology Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Magnesium Technology Symposium 2010 CY FEB 14-18, 2010 CL Seattle, WA DE Magnesium; Military; Army; Aircraft; Vehicle ID STRENGTH AB Since the 1940's Mg-alloys have been used for military applications, from aircraft components to ground vehicles. The drive for usage was primarily availability and lightweighting of military systems. But the promise of widespread military usage was not met largely based on corrosion and flammability concerns, poor mechanical behavior and inferior ballistic response. This review paper will cover historical, current and potential future applications with a focus on scientific, engineering and social barriers relevant to integration of Mg-alloy. It will also present mechanical and physical property improvements solutions which are currently being developed to address these issues. C1 [Mathaudhu, Suveen N.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Attn RDRL WMM B, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Mathaudhu, SN (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Attn RDRL WMM B, Bldg 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Mathaudhu, Suveen/B-4192-2009 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 1545-4150 BN 978-0-87339-746-9 J9 MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY PY 2010 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQO35 UT WOS:000281445500006 ER PT J AU Brevett, CAS Sumpter, KB AF Brevett, Carol A. S. Sumpter, Kenneth B. TI Degradation of the chemical warfare agents HD, GD, thickened GD, and VX on ambient and moist environmental substrates SO MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sensing and Destroying Chemical Weapons and Pesticides CY AUG 18-19, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Army Res Off, Defense Threat Reduct Agcy, Edgewood Chem & Biolog Ctr DE VX; sulfur mustard; Soman; GD; sulfonium ion; thickened GD ID SULFUR MUSTARD; BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) SULFIDE; MAS NMR; CONCRETE; HYDROLYSIS; FATE; SAND AB The rates, products, and mechanisms of the degradation of the chemical warfare agents GD, thickened GD, HD and VX on environmental substrates were determined using Solid State Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SSMAS NMR). Increases in temperature were found to increase the rates of the reactions. The addition of water affected both the rate of the reactions and the products formed. The alkalinity or acidity of the substrate was also observed to affect the products formed and the mechanism of the reaction. C1 [Brevett, Carol A. S.] SAIC, Edgewood, MD 21040 USA. [Sumpter, Kenneth B.] USA, Res & Technol Directorate, ECBC, Edgewood, MD USA. RP Brevett, CAS (reprint author), SAIC, Edgewood, MD 21040 USA. EM carol.brevett@us.army.mil NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-1221 J9 MAIN GROUP CHEM JI Main Group Chem. PY 2010 VL 9 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 205 EP 219 DI 10.3233/MGC-2010-00024 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 717OK UT WOS:000287057100002 ER PT J AU Wagner, GW AF Wagner, George W. TI Hydrogen peroxide-based decontamination of chemical warfare agents SO MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sensing and Destroying Chemical Weapons and Pesticides CY AUG 18-19, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Army Res Ofc, Defense Threat Reduct Agcy, Edgewood Chem & Biolog Ctr DE VX; GD; HD; decontamination; perhydrolysis; oxidation; surface decontamination; Decon Green (R) ID DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; VX; OXIDATION; EFFLUENTS; MUSTARD; SARIN AB Chemical warfare agents (CWA) are rapidly decontaminated using a hydrogen peroxide-based decontamination solution. In the weakly-basic decontaminant (pH 8) - activated and buffered with bicarbonate, molybdate, and citrate - nerve agents such as VX and GD undergo perhydrolysis (OOH(-)) whereas the blister agent HD is catalytically oxidized, primarily, by tetraperoxomolybclate [Mo(OO)(4)(2-)] to the non-vesicant sulfoxide. The decontaminant, once mixed, exhibits remarkable stability, maintaining efficacy (pot-life) for at least 12 h. On non-sorptive, non-porous surfaces such as aluminum, the decontaminant decontaminates VX, GD, and HD to below acceptable levels (i.e., <0.078, 1.67, and 10.0 mu g/cm(2), respectively). C1 USA, Army Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Attn RDCB DRP F, Edgewood, MD 21010 USA. RP Wagner, GW (reprint author), USA, Army Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Attn RDCB DRP F, Edgewood, MD 21010 USA. EM george.wagner@us.army.mil NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-1221 J9 MAIN GROUP CHEM JI Main Group Chem. PY 2010 VL 9 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.3233/MGC-2010-0028 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 717OK UT WOS:000287057100005 ER PT J AU Griffith, DW Peery, CA Daigle, WR Keefer, ML Wright, N AF Griffith, David W. Peery, Christopher A. Daigle, William R. Keefer, Matthew L. Wright, Nancy TI Development of a Multipurpose Telemetry and Habitat Survey Instrument Platform for Small Boats SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB We developed a telemetry and remote-sensing instrument platform for a small vessel (6.1-m inboard jetboat) to collect fish telemetry and environmental data in real time as well as to collect data during habitat surveys in the Columbia River estuary. The instrumentation consisted of two acoustic telemetry hydrophones, an acoustic telemetry receiver, a conductivity-temperature-depth probe, an acoustic Doppler current profiler, a differential Global Positioning System, and a side-scan sonar integrated with an onboard portable computer. The system can be used on other vessels, has the flexibility to adapt to a range of telemetry and small oceanographic instrument systems, and allows for deployment and data collection from all instruments simultaneously. C1 [Griffith, David W.; Peery, Christopher A.; Daigle, William R.; Keefer, Matthew L.; Wright, Nancy] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Fish Ecol Res Lab, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Griffith, DW (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, 333 SW 1st Ave, Portland, OR 97204 USA. EM david.w.griffith@usace.army.mil FU NOAA Costal Services Center; University of Idaho FX We thank Pace Wilber and Katherine Nielsen of the NOAA Costal Services Center for funding. We also thank Antonio Baptista and Michael Wilkin of the Oregon Graduate Institute, Gene Bock and the crew of the RV Forerunner in Astoria, Oregon, Jeff Monyak (for help with boat operations), and members of the University of Idaho Fish Ecology Research Laboratory (for their expertise and help). Kirk Steinhorst, James Nagler, and James Congleton of the University of Idaho provided guidance and support. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1577/C09-016.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900021 ER PT J AU Hosur, M Barua, R Zainuddin, S Jeelani, S Kumar, A Trovillion, J Pereza, Y AF Hosur, Mahesh Barua, Rajib Zainuddin, Shaik Jeelani, Shaik Kumar, Ashok Trovillion, Jonathan Pereza, Yadira TI Processing and characterization of epoxy nanocomposites with MWCNT'S/CNF's using thinky and 3-roll shear mixing techniques SO MATERIA-RIO DE JANEIRO LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposites; Carbon Nanotubes/Nanofibers; Flexure; Thermo-mechanical properties ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; REINFORCED EPOXY; COMPOSITES; MATRIX; FABRICATION; DISPERSION AB In this work, thinky mixing method was used to disperse multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT's) and carbon nanofibers (CNF's) in SC-1 epoxy either in isolation or in combination with 3-roll shear mixing. To achieve better dispersion, MWCNT mixing with SC-1 resin directly or pre-mixed with a solvent and then mixed with SC-1 resin after evaporating the solvent. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), flexural tests, electrical conductivity tests and micrographic analysis were performed on neat, 0.2 and 0.4wt% MWCNT/CNF infused SC-1 epoxy to observe the loading effect on thermo-mechanical properties of composites. DMA results indicated improvement on storage modulus and glass transition temperature, Tg, while flexural results exhibited enhanced flexural strength and modulus with up to 0.4wt% MWCNT/CNF infused epoxy resin over neat. TGA results revealed improved residue content but almost constant decomposition temperature for nanophased resin compared to neat. However, these enhancements were observed only up to 0.2 wt. % loading after which the properties were seen to either reduce or not significantly improve. These results indicate that the methods used for dispersion is suitable for low weight percent loading only. C1 [Barua, Rajib; Zainuddin, Shaik; Jeelani, Shaik] Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Kumar, Ashok; Trovillion, Jonathan; Pereza, Yadira] USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. EM mhosur@gmail.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO, LAB HIDROGENIO PI RIO DE JANEIRO RJ PA CIDADE UNIV, ILHA DO FUNDAO, BLOCO I 2000, S L I 146, RIO DE JANEIRO RJ, CEP21941-972, BRAZIL SN 1517-7076 J9 MATERIA-BRAZIL JI Materia PY 2010 VL 15 IS 2 BP 278 EP 285 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 653BS UT WOS:000282059100025 ER PT J AU Nosker, TJ Lampo, R AF Nosker, Thomas J. Lampo, Richard TI Corrosion-Resistant Thermoplastic Timber Is Constructed of Recycled Milk Jugs and Automobile Bumpers SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article C1 [Nosker, Thomas J.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Lampo, Richard] USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC USA. RP Nosker, TJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM tjnosker@rci.rutgers.edu; Richard.G.Lampo@usace.army.mil FU Army Chief of Staff for Installation Management's (ACSIM's) Installation Technology Transition Program (ITTP); Deputy Under Secretary of Defense's Corrosion Prevention and Control (CPC) Program FX Project design and construction for the Fort Bragg bridge project were paid for by the Army Chief of Staff for Installation Management's (ACSIM's) Installation Technology Transition Program (ITTP) and structural performance monitoring was funded by the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense's Corrosion Prevention and Control (CPC) Program. Both of these programs focus on validating emerging technologies and processes that demonstrate a potential for cost savings to the Army and the rest of the DoD through the use of more durable and cost-effective materials and processes. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 49 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 545YW UT WOS:000273774300006 ER PT J AU Stephenson, LD Kumar, A AF Stephenson, L. D. Kumar, Ashok TI Advanced Coating Approaches for Outdoor-Exposed Steel Structures SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers preserves and maintains many steel-based structures and infrastructure components. Several new approaches for the maintenance of coated steel are commercially available or in the development stages. This article describes three approaches that have been evaluated in the laboratory and are now into field and long-term stability verification studies. C1 [Stephenson, L. D.; Kumar, Ashok] USA, ERDC, CERL, Corps Engineers, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. [Kumar, Ashok] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Stephenson, LD (reprint author), USA, ERDC, CERL, Corps Engineers, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. FU USACERL [DACA8899-C-0004] FX Part of the self-heating coatings effort is the result of a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I Study performed by S. Sarangapani, et al. under USACERL Contract No. DACA8899-C-0004. The application of the field-test coatings described in this article was performed by Manta Industrial, Inc., Hammond, Indiana, under Program Managers Steve Williams and Anthony J. Bochniak. Verification of the economic calculations and independent coating inspections of the hangers, deluge tanks, and flight control tower were performed by the Mark 10 Resource Group, Inc., Richmond, Virginia. The QA testing of the inlet pipe coating system was performed by Corrosion Control Consultants & Labs, Inc., Elmhurst, Ilinols. The authors also wish to recognize the sponsors of the Department of Defense (DoD) Corrosion Prevention and Control Program: Office of Under Secretary of Defense, Office of Corrosion Policy and Oversight (Director, Daniel Dunmire); Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army Acquisition Policy and Logistics (Army Corrosion Control Prevention Executive Wimpy D. Pybus); Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management (David Purcel); and Headquarters, U.S. Army Installation Management Command (Paul Volkman). NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 49 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 545YW UT WOS:000273774300010 ER PT J AU Huang, LH Xie, J Chen, RR Chu, D Hsu, AT AF Huang, Lihong Xie, Jian Chen, Rongrong Chu, Deryn Hsu, Andrew T. TI Nanorod alumina-supported Ni-Zr-Fe/Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogen production in auto-thermal reforming of ethanol SO MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Nanostructures; Electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction; Catalytic properties ID NI-BASED CATALYSTS; REACTION-MECHANISM; BIO-ETHANOL; METHANE; DECOMPOSITION; NANOPARTICLES; ZIRCONIA AB Nanorod alumina-supported Ni-Zr-Fe/Al2O3 Catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation, characterized by TEM, TIPR, XRD, XPS, and TPD-pyridine, and tested in auto-thermal reforming of ethanol. The characterization results indicate that, with iron and zirconia promotion, the NixFe1-xAl2O4 mixture spinel forms, the valence of the surface Ni species is modified, and the acidity decreases. As a result, during a 30-h test over the Ni-Zr-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst, sintering is restrained, and the selectivity to hydrogen remains around 85.79% without obvious loss, while the un-promoted Ni/Al2O3 shows poor stability and selectivity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hsu, Andrew T.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Purdue Sch Engn & Technol, Lugar Ctr Renewable Energy, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Chu, Deryn] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hsu, AT (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Purdue Sch Engn & Technol, Lugar Ctr Renewable Energy, 799 W Michigan St,ET 215, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM anhsu@iupui.edu FU U.S. Army Research Lab [W911NF-07-2-0036] FX This work is partially supported by the U.S. Army Research Lab (Grant No. W911NF-07-2-0036). NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-5408 J9 MATER RES BULL JI Mater. Res. Bull. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 92 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.materresbull.2009.08.022 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 530HJ UT WOS:000272579700018 ER PT J AU Krakauer, T Buckley, MJ Fisher, D AF Krakauer, Teresa Buckley, Marilyn J. Fisher, Diana TI Proinflammatory Mediators of Toxic Shock and Their Correlation to Lethality SO MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; BACTERIAL SUPERANTIGENS; CYTOKINE RELEASE; T-CELLS; MICE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ACTIVATION; MECHANISMS; ENDOTOXIN; DISEASE AB Bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins both stimulate proinflammatory mediators but the contribution of each individual toxin in the release of mediators causing lethal shock is incompletely understood. This study examines the cytokine response and lethality of mice exposed to varying doses of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and their combinations. In vivo, SEB alone induced moderate levels of IL-2 and MCP-1 and all mice survived even with a high dose of SEB (100 mu g/mouse). LPS (80 mu g/mouse) caused 48% lethality and induced high levels of IL-6 and MCP-1. SEB induced low levels of TNF alpha, IL-1, IFN gamma, MIP-2, and LPS synergized with SEB in the expression of these cytokines and that of IL-6 andMCP-1. Importantly, the synergistic action of SEB and LPS resulted in lethal shock and hypothermia. ANOVA of cytokine levels by survival status of SEB-plus-LPS groups revealed significantly higher levels of TNF alpha, IL-6, MIP-2, and MCP-1 in nonsurvivors measured at 8 hours. Significantly higher levels of IFN gamma and IL-2 were observed at 21 hours in nonsurvivors of toxic shock compared to those in survivors. Overall, synergistic action of SEB and LPS resulted in higher and prolonged levels of these key cytokines leading to toxic shock. C1 [Krakauer, Teresa; Buckley, Marilyn J.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Integrated Toxicol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Fisher, Diana] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Stat, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Krakauer, T (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Integrated Toxicol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM teresa.krakauer@amedd.army.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The opinions, interpretations, as well as conclusions represent those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the Department of Defense. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0962-9351 J9 MEDIAT INFLAMM JI Mediat. Inflamm. PY 2010 AR 517594 DI 10.1155/2010/517594 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 625TB UT WOS:000279916900001 ER PT S AU Tahmoush, D AF Tahmoush, Dave BE Liu, BJ Boonn, WW TI CBIR for mammograms using medical image similarity SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2010: ADVANCED PACS-BASED IMAGING INFORMATICS AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced PACS-based Imaging Informatics and Therapeutic Applications CY FEB 17-18, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Medtronic Inc, Aeroflex Inc, Tungsten Heavy Powder Inc DE CBIR; mammogram; similarity ID COMPUTER-AIDED DETECTION; RETRIEVAL AB One fundamental problem remains in the area of medical image analysis and retrieval: how to measure radiologist's perception of similarity between two images. This paper develops a similarity function that is learned from medical annotations and built upon extracted medical features in order to capture the perception of similarity between images with cancer. The technique first extracts high-level medical features from the images to determine a local contextual similarity, but these are unordered and unregistered from one image to the next. Second, the feature sets of the images are fed into the learned similarity function to determine the overall similarity for retrieval. This technique avoids arbitrary spatial constraints and is robust in the presence of noise, outliers, and imaging artifacts. We demonstrate that utilizing unordered and noisy higher-level cancer detection features is both possible and productive in measuring image similarity and developing CBIR techniques. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tahmoush, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8029-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7628 AR 76280A DI 10.1117/12.844247 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BSK56 UT WOS:000284752500008 ER PT J AU Nindl, BC AF Nindl, Bradley C. TI Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, Physical Activity, and Control of Cellular Anabolism SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE IGF-I; CYTOKINES; BIOMARKER; EXERCISE ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE ADAPTATION; IGF-I; BODY-COMPOSITION; HUMAN SERUM; EXERCISE; ENERGY; DIFFERENTIATION; MICRODIALYSIS; TESTOSTERONE; SUPPRESSORS AB NINDL, B. C. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, Physical Activity, and Control of Cellular Anabolism. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 35-38, 2010. The underlying mechanisms responsible for mediating the beneficial outcomes of exercise undoubtedly are many, but the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) system is emerging as an important and central hormonal axis that plays a significant role concerning cellular anabolism. This introductory article summarizes the intent and the content for papers presented as part of a 2008 American College of Sports Medicine national symposium entitled "Insulin-like Growth Factor-I, Physical Activity, and Control of Cellular Anabolism." The individual authors and their papers are as follows: Jan Frystyk authoring "The relationship between exercise and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I axis," Greg Adams authoring "IGF-I signaling in skeletal muscle and the potential for cytokine interactions," and Brad Nindl authoring "Insulin-like growth factor-I as a biomarker of health, fitness, and training status." These papers focus on 1) different assay methodologies for IGF-I within the paradigm of exercise studies, 2) research demonstrating that intracellular signaling components associated with several proinflammatory cytokines have the potential to interact with anabolic signaling processes in skeletal muscle, and 3) an overview of IGF-I as a biomarker related to exercise training, Muscle and bone remodeling, body composition, cognition, and cancer. When summed in total, the contribution that these papers will make will undoubtedly involve bringing attention to the vast regulatory complexity of the IGF-I system and will hopefully convince the reader that the IGF-I system warrants further detailed scientific inquiry to resolve many unanswered questions and paradoxical experimental findings. The IGF-I system remains one of the most intriguing and captivating marvels of human physiology that seems central in mediating numerous adaptations from physical activity. C1 USA, Mil Performance Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Nindl, BC (reprint author), USA, Mil Performance Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM bradley.nindl@na.amedd.army.mil NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 42 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b07c39 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 538RH UT WOS:000273201200006 PM 20010132 ER PT J AU Nindl, BC Pierce, JR AF Nindl, Bradley C. Pierce, Joseph R. TI Insulin-Like Growth Factor I as a Biomarker of Health, Fitness, and Training Status SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE BIOCOMPARTMENTS; MICRODIALYSIS; BINDING PROTEINS; EXERCISE ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; HEAVY-RESISTANCE EXERCISE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE ADAPTATION; IGF-BINDING PROTEIN-3; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-COMPOSITION; ELDERLY-MEN; ENERGY-BALANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES AB NINDL, B. C., and I. R. PIERCE. Insulin-Like Growth Factor I as a Biomarker of Health, Fitness, and Training Status. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 39-49, 2010. Whereas there are many varied roles of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and it exists in different biocompartments, there is abundant scientific evidence demonstrating that IGF-I is an important metabolic biomarker associated with a variety of health- and exercise-related outcomes. In most cases (muscle, bone, tendon, body composition, and cognitive function), elevated IGF-I concentrations are considered beneficial; however, cancer remains a notable exception. Although the fact that both increased and decreased IGF-I concentrations can be considered as reflective of favorable and beneficial health outcomes and may seem as a paradox and even contradictory, it is important to emphasize that, in both cases, measured IGF-I concentrations do offer important insight into physiological processes. The precise and relative role of systemic versus locally produced IGF-I in mediating the outcomes of physical activity is still not clearly delineated, but it does seem as though local IGF-I is consistently upregulated with both acute and chronic exercises; whereas in certain situations, circulating IGF-I may actually decrease. Although perhaps counterintuitive to the known anabolic role that IGF-I exerts, positive neuromuscular training adaptations can occur in the presence of decreases or no changes in circulating IGF-I. These observations, however, should not be interpreted to conclude that the role of circulating IGF-I lacks importance or relevance in contributing to enhanced musculoskeletal health as evidenced by the liver IGF-I-deficient mouse model. Because of the ubiquitous nature of IGF-I, prospective experimental approaches involving physical activity that can sample and measure IGF-I in the body's various biocompartments (i.e., blood, interstitial fluid, muscle) with the most biologically relevant assays are encouraged. We believe that such endeavors will provide greater understanding in the complex role that IGF-I possesses in mediating exercise-induced adaptations. C1 [Nindl, Bradley C.; Pierce, Joseph R.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Nindl, BC (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Bradley.nindl@us.army.mil NR 87 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 42 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b07c4d PG 11 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 538RH UT WOS:000273201200007 PM 20010131 ER PT J AU Ely, BR Cheuvront, SN Kenefick, RW Sawka, MN AF Ely, Brett R. Cheuvront, Samuel N. Kenefick, Robert W. Sawka, Michael N. TI Aerobic Performance Is Degraded, Despite Modest Hyperthermia, in Hot Environments SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE CORE TFMPERATURE; HEAT STRAIN; PACING; END SPURT ID TIME TRIAL PERFORMANCE; HEAT-STRESS; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; ANTICIPATORY REDUCTION; PACING STRATEGY; END-SPURT; EXERCISE; MOVEMENT; CAPACITY AB ELY, B, R.. S. N. CHEUVRONT, R. W. KENEFICK. and M. N. SAWKA. Aerobic Performance Is Degraded, Despite Modest Hyperthermia, in I-lot Environments. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 42, No. 1. pp. 135-141, 2010. Environmental heat stress degrades aerobic performance however, little research has focused on performance when the selected task elicits modest elevations in core body I a temperature (<38.5 degrees C). Purpose: To determine the effect of environmental beat stress. with modest hyperthermia, on aerobic performance and pacing strategies. Methods: After a 30-min cycling preload at 50% (V)over dotO(2peak) eight euhydrated men performed a 15-min time trial on a cycle ergometer in temperate (TEMP. 21 degrees C. 50% RH) and hot (HOT 40 degrees C, 25% RH) environments. Core and skin temperature (T(c) and T(sk), respectively) and HR were continuously monitored. Performance was assessed by the total work (H) completed in 15 min. Pacing was quantified by comparing the percent difference in actual work performed in each of five 3-min blocks normalized to the mean work performed per 3-min block. Pace over the final 2 ruin was compared with the average pace front minutes 0 to 13 for end spurt analysis. Results: T(c) and HR rose continually throughout both time trials. Peak T, remained modestly elevated in both environments [mean (range): HOT = 38.20 degrees C (37.97-38.42 degrees C): TEMP = 38.11 degrees C (38.07-38.24 degrees C)], whereas T(sk) was higher in HOT (36.19 +/- 0.40 degrees C vs 31.14 +/- 1.14 degrees C), and final HR reached similar to 95% of age-predicted maximum in both environments. Total work performed in HOT (147.7 +/- 23.9 kJ) was similar to 17% less (P < 0.05) than TEMP (177.0 +/- 25.0 kJ). Pace was evenly maintained in TEMP, but in HOT, volunteers were unable to maintain initial pace. slowing progressively over time. A significant end sport was produced in both environments. Conclusions: During a brief aerobic exercise time trial where excessive hyperthermia is avoided, total work is significantly reduced by beat stress because of a gradual slowing of pace C1 [Ely, Brett R.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Ely, BR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM brett.ely@us.army.mil NR 36 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 42 IS 1 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181adb9fb PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 538RH UT WOS:000273201200018 PM 20010120 ER PT S AU Becker, JJ AF Becker, Jennifer J. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Opportunities in Basic Research for Battlefield Sensing (Overview) SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE chemical sensing; surface chemistry; molecular recognition AB Battlefield sensing is a complex, crucial tool that allows the soldier to sense/detect potential threats in order to maintain a safe environment. Its technological development is typically driven by a myriad of field requirements. A variety of chemical sensing technologies currently exist, and there are also many prospects for the development of new, revolutionary technologies. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Becker, JJ (reprint author), USA, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8143-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7679 BP XVII EP XVII PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS26 UT WOS:000285623300001 ER PT S AU Beekman, DW AF Beekman, Daniel W. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Micro Air Vehicle Endurance vs Battery Size SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Micro Air Vehicle; MAV; rotorcraft; crawler; endurance; battery AB Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) operate with many inter-related constraints, including size, weight, power, processing, and communications bandwidth. Basic equations can be used to provide initial estimates of subsystem parameters that are consistent with the targeted size and related parameters. For most current MAVs, the power source of choice is batteries, and the choice of battery type and size will determine the maximum duration of a flight. In this study, first order models for both rotary wing MAVs and crawling ground platforms are used to determine the optimum battery size for maximum endurance, given typical parameter values for a 15-cm scale robotic platform. Results indicate that most micro robotic platforms use battery sizes significantly different than optimum. C1 USA, Res Lab, RDRL SEE I, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Beekman, DW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL SEE I, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8143-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7679 AR 767910 DI 10.1117/12.849564 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS26 UT WOS:000285623300031 ER PT S AU Fountain, AW Guicheteau, JA Pearman, WF Chyba, TH Christesen, SD AF Fountain, Augustus Way, III Guicheteau, Jason A. Pearman, William F. Chyba, Thomas H. Christesen, Steven D. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Long Range Standoff Detection of Chemical, Biological and Explosive Hazards on Surfaces SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Standoff Detection; Raman; Fluorescence; LIBS; Ultra-violet ID UV RESONANCE RAMAN; WARFARE AGENTS; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; NERVE AGENTS; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; LASER; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETER; EXCITATION AB Fielded surface detection systems rely on contact with either the liquid contamination itself or the associated chemical vapor above the contaminated surface and do not provide a standoff or remote detection capability. Conversely, standoff chemical vapor sensing techniques have not shown efficacy in detecting those contaminants as liquids or solids on surfaces. There are a number of optical or spectroscopic techniques that could be applied to this problem of standoff chemical detection on surfaces. The three techniques that have received the most interest and development are laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy. Details will be presented on the development of these techniques and their applicability to detecting CBRNE contamination on surfaces. C1 [Fountain, Augustus Way, III; Guicheteau, Jason A.; Christesen, Steven D.] USA, RDECOM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Fountain, AW (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM augustus.w.fountain@us.army.mil NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8143-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7679 AR 76790H DI 10.1117/12.851785 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS26 UT WOS:000285623300014 ER PT S AU Morgan, B Bedair, S Pulskamp, JS Polcawich, RG Meyer, C Dougherty, C Lin, X Arnold, D Bashirullah, R Miller, R Roosz, M AF Morgan, Brian Bedair, Sarah Pulskamp, Jeffrey S. Polcawich, Ronald G. Meyer, Christopher Dougherty, Christopher Lin, Xue Arnold, David Bashirullah, Rizwan Miller, Ryan Roosz, Mark BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Power Considerations for MAST Platforms SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE autonomous systems; UAV; mobility; power sources; power conversion; MEMS passives ID DC-DC CONVERTERS; TECHNOLOGY; INDUCTORS; CELLS AB Scaling down autonomous robotic systems introduces numerous challenges in mechanical design, electrical/sensor subsystems, and autonomous control. One particularly daunting task is the design of the power system, since this will ultimately limit all microrobot or micro-UAV's operations. Power sources like lithium polymer batteries possess sufficient power density for basic mobility (walking, fixed wing flight, flapping/hovering), but improved power sources are needed that offer increased energy density in order to extend mission lifetimes - preferably pushing from minutes to multiple hours or days. Additionally, the source power must be efficiently converted and distributed to the various microrobot subsystems. Each system may require a different voltage, current, and duty cycle. This paper will review some of the power-specific challenges related to developing small, mobile autonomous systems. C1 [Morgan, Brian; Bedair, Sarah; Pulskamp, Jeffrey S.; Polcawich, Ronald G.; Meyer, Christopher] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Morgan, B (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM brian.morgan6@arl.army.mil RI Bedair, Sarah/D-9130-2013; OI Dougherty, Christopher/0000-0001-7302-5573 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8143-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7679 AR 76790V DI 10.1117/12.849515 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS26 UT WOS:000285623300026 ER PT J AU Moody, KL Driks, A Rother, GL Cote, CK Brueggemann, EE Hines, HB Friedlander, AM Bozue, J AF Moody, K. L. Driks, A. Rother, G. L. Cote, C. K. Brueggemann, E. E. Hines, H. B. Friedlander, A. M. Bozue, J. TI Processing, assembly and localization of a Bacillus anthracis spore protein SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID COAT PROTEIN; IMMUNODOMINANT PROTEIN; BACTERIAL ENDOSPORE; SUBTILIS SPORES; GUINEA-PIGS; EXOSPORIUM; CEREUS; GENE; SURFACE; BCLA AB All Bacillus spores are encased in macromolecular shells. One of these is a proteinacious shell called the coat that, in Bacillus subtilis, provides critical protective functions. The Bacillus anthracis spore is the infectious particle for the disease anthrax. Therefore, the coat is of particular interest because it may provide essential protective functions required for the appearance of anthrax. Here, we analyse a protein component of the spore outer layers that was previously designated BxpA. Our data indicate that a significant amount of BxpA is located below the spore coat and associated with the cortex. By SDS-PAGE, BxpA migrates as a 9 kDa species when extracted from Sterne strain spores, and as 11 and 14 kDa species from Ames strain spores, even though it has predicted masses of 27 and 29 kDa, respectively, in these two strains. We investigated the possibility that BxpA is subject to post-translational processing as previously suggested. In B. subtilis, a subset of coat proteins is proteolysed or cross-linked by the spore proteins YabG or TgI, respectively. To investigate the possibility that similar processing occurs in B. anthracis, we generated mutations in the yabG or tgl genes in the Sterne and Ames strains and analysed the consequences for BxpA assembly by SDS-PAGE. We found that in a tgl mutant of B. anthracis, the apparent mass of BxpA increased. This is consistent with the possibility that TgI directs the cross-linking of BxpA into a form that normally does not enter the gel. Unexpectedly, the apparent mass of BxpA also increased in a yabG mutant, suggesting a relatively complex role for proteolysis in spore protein maturation in B. anthracis. These data reveal a previously unobserved event in spore protein maturation in B. anthracis. We speculate that proteolysis and cross-linking are ubiquitous spore assembly mechanisms throughout the genus Bacillus. C1 [Moody, K. L.; Rother, G. L.; Cote, C. K.; Bozue, J.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Driks, A.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Brueggemann, E. E.; Hines, H. B.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Integrated Toxicol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Friedlander, A. M.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bozue, J (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM joel.a.bozue@us.army.mil FU In-House Laboratory Innovative Research Award from the Department of the Al-Ill ' V under [92490] FX We thank Heather Schmadel and George Rush for their technical assistance, Robert Pope and Kathy Kuehl foradvice and preparing the EM samples, and Lorraine Farinick for assistance Nvith the figures. The research described herein was sponsored by all In-House Laboratory Innovative Research Award from the Department of the Al-Ill ' V under Project # 92490. Research was conducted in compliance Nvith the Animal Welfare Act and other federal statute,; and regulations relating to animals and experiments involving animals and adheres to the principles stated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, National Research Council, 1996. The facility where this research Nvas conducted is fully accredited by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recorninendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the US Army. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD JAN PY 2010 VL 156 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1099/mic.0.033407-0 PN 1 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 553LP UT WOS:000274368500019 PM 19833771 ER PT S AU Cirincione, G Krishnamurthy, S La Porta, TF Govindan, R Mohapatra, P AF Cirincione, Greg Krishnamurthy, Srikanth La Porta, Thomas F. Govindan, Ramesh Mohapatra, Prasant GP IEEE TI Impact of Security Properties on the Quality of Information in Tactical Military Networks SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE security; quality of information; capacity; provenance; credibility AB The goal of a tactical military network is to provide information superiority over an opposing force. This information superiority increases mission tempo if the information can be used to make correct decisions within time constraints. To achieve this goal, a sufficient amount of information must be received with a required quality. The information quality implicitly accounts for the level of security provided. In this paper we examine the dependencies between security and other factors that affect the information quality. We incorporate the notion of the amount of information of sufficient quality received over time as the operational information content capacity. We discuss the complex tradeoffs that arise while providing security properties: the decision maker may require certain security properties to use information, but the provision of such properties may degrade the ability of the network to deliver the required amount of information in time, thus lowering the operational information content capacity of the network. C1 [Cirincione, Greg] USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. [Govindan, Ramesh] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Krishnamurthy, Srikanth] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA. [La Porta, Thomas F.] Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA USA. [Mohapatra, Prasant] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. RP Cirincione, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. EM cirincione@arl.army.mil; krish@cs.ucr.edu; tlp@cse.psu.edu; ramesh@usc.edu; prasant@cs.ucdavis.edu FU Army Research Laboratory and was accomplished [W911NF-09-2-0053] FX Research was sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-09-2-0053. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation here on. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200327 ER PT S AU Caruso, F Chen, T Fiuk, M Kaul, V Hokelek, I Parmeswaran, K Sultan, F Samtani, S Shur, D Bowcock, J Thomas, S AF Caruso, Francesco Chen, Ta Fiuk, Marek Kaul, Vikram Hokelek, Ibrahim Parmeswaran, Kirthika Sultan, Florin Samtani, Sunil Shur, David Bowcock, Jeff Thomas, Shery GP IEEE TI Intelligent Content Transformation in Tactical Wireless Networks SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE filtering; QoS; situational awareness; bandwidth; persistence; replay; XMPP Chat; SOA; transcoding; priority AB Mobile tactical MANETs are interconnected via a quasi-static backbone network (QSN) that is relatively stationary and has substantial radio bandwidth capability. Because of high mobility and terrain sensitivity, the bandwidth available to mobile nodes within the MANET may vary significantly over time. During the periods where the bandwidth available is reduced, MANET nodes may be unable to handle the information load sourced from or distributed via the QSN. Furthermore, end-user devices and end-users themselves may have limited capability to receive/process data. Thus, the data delivered to tactical MANETs needs to be carefully managed. In previous work, we proposed Heterogeneous Intelligent Filtering (HIF) in multi-domain heterogeneous networks, for intelligent active filtering and transformation of the data to match network and end-user capacity. In this work(2), we report on extending HIF to militarily important applications such as XMPP-based chat, SOA Web-services, and VOIP applications. We also provide experimental results based on outdoor testing of the filtering and content adaptation capabilities of HIF agents deployed in an HMS radio inter-network at Ft. Monmouth, NJ. C1 [Caruso, Francesco; Chen, Ta; Fiuk, Marek; Kaul, Vikram; Hokelek, Ibrahim; Parmeswaran, Kirthika; Sultan, Florin; Samtani, Sunil; Shur, David] Telcordia Technol Inc, Appl Res, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Bowcock, Jeff; Thomas, Shery] US Army, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Shur, D (reprint author), Telcordia Technol Inc, Appl Res, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680403 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200087 ER PT S AU Chen, T Kaul, V Sultan, F Parmeswaran, K Samtani, S Shur, D Kiernan, T Thomas, S Zimmerman, W AF Chen, Ta Kaul, Vikram Sultan, Florin Parmeswaran, Kirthika Samtani, Sunil Shur, David Kiernan, Thomas Thomas, Shery Zimmerman, Will GP IEEE TI Intelligent Application Persistence in Tactical Wireless Networks SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE delay tolerant; disruption; situational awareness; bandwidth; persistence; replay; VOIP; Android AB Mobile tactical MANETs are subject to periods of intermittent connectivity and transient events of significant packet loss. Because of such disruptions, protocols and technologies have been proposed that are disruption and delay tolerant. One class of such systems works by storing messages/packets in the network. If connectivity to neighbors is lost, missing messages may be delivered when connectivity to neighbors is restored. This delay tolerant networking (DTN) technology aims to reliably deliver all the data that a source directs towards a receiver node. We suggest that in some cases it is of little utility and may even be counter-productive to persist and deliver all packets lost during a disruption episode. For example, in situational awareness applications, retransmitting many seconds or minutes of lost GPS tracks is not appropriate. Instead a snapshot of the current position of all tracked entities is preferable. Similarly in a multimedia stream or VOIP call, just the key missing information should be replayed. Not only does full retransmission of all missing packets introduce delays during retransmission, but also the bandwidth consumed during retransmission is wasted. Note that each application may have different semantics. Therefore determining what data is appropriate to deliver for a given application in order to recover from a temporary disconnection requires knowledge of the application semantics. In previous work, we proposed Heterogeneous Intelligent Filtering (HIF), a technology that intelligently filters and transforms data to match network capacity and end-user capability. In HIF, extraneous information not needed by the end-user is filtered by HIF agents. In this work(2), we show how the HIF concept can be extended to the data and information persisted during disruptions. The information stored for later retransmission to previously disconnected receivers may consist of application state snapshots, summaries or transcripts of the missing data, or just those portions of a media stream judged to be relevant to the user at a given point in time. We describe our work on application aware persistence for real-time multimedia and tactical situational awareness applications. The middleware infrastructure of the HIF systems reported on in previous work is extended to support application aware persistence. We analyze the performance benefit of application persistence on a tactical situational awareness scenario. Application persistence is particularly useful when the end-device may be limited in its processing power and ability to render data, since it reduces the demands on the client application. Accordingly, we also illustrate the usefulness of our application aware persistence middleware in supporting multimedia and situational awareness applications implemented on handheld Android devices. C1 [Chen, Ta; Kaul, Vikram; Sultan, Florin; Parmeswaran, Kirthika; Samtani, Sunil; Shur, David] Telcordia Technol, Appl Res, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kiernan, Thomas; Thomas, Shery; Zimmerman, Will] US Army, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Shur, D (reprint author), Telcordia Technol, Appl Res, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM dshur@research.telcordia.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200112 ER PT S AU Moran, T Heide, D Shah, S AF Moran, Thomas Heide, David Shah, Swati GP IEEE TI An Overview of the Tactical Secure Voice Cryptographic Interoperability Specification SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB The Tactical Secure Voice Working Group was formed by the National Security Agency in 2008 to ensure that modernized tactical secure voice devices will be interoperable across the Department of Defense. The Naval Research Laboratory was tasked by the working group to develop the Tactical Secure Voice Cryptographic Interoperability Specification (TSVCIS), which became an official National Security Agency (NSA) document in July of 2009. The TSVCIS consists of two documents, one classified and the other unclassified. These documents define the voice encoding, encryption, framing, synchronization, key management, and other functions for tactical secure voice and data radio communications. This paper describes the unclassified portion of the TSVCIS and explains some of the improvements over the legacy tactical secure voice systems. It also describes how the modernized secure voice modes can provide even wider benefits in the future. C1 [Moran, Thomas; Heide, David; Shah, Swati] USN, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Moran, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680482 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200153 ER PT S AU Torrieri, D AF Torrieri, Don GP IEEE TI The Radiometer and Its Practical Implementation SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID ENERGY DETECTION; SIGNAL-DETECTION; COGNITIVE RADIO; SPECTRUM; NOISE AB The radiometer or energy detector is useful in detecting target signals about which little is known. A practical radiometer is described and analyzed for the AWGN and Rayleigh channels with and without diversity combining. The practical implications of bandwidth, the number of samples processed, and imperfect noise-power estimation are examined. The radiometer has been criticized because of its alleged sensitivity to imperfect noise-power estimates. Conditions under which the noise-power estimation error is small are discussed. It is shown that the effects of this error on the probability of detection of the target signal can be kept small. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Torrieri, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM dtorr@arl.army.mil NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680312 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200022 ER PT S AU Ouyang, F Hampton, J Suoto, H Nichols, R AF Ouyang, Feng Hampton, Jerry Suoto, Henry Nichols, Robert GP IEEE TI Robust Cognitive Networks Interfacing with Cognitive Antennas SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Cognitive Radios (CRs) are able to operate in a large attribute space and operational parameters are chosen from this space, depending on the sensed environment, to achieve best performance. In this paper we demonstrate that such choice of parameters and the attribute space impact robustness of the network under electronic and information attacks. Such impact results in various tradeoffs to be considered when designing a policy-based CR system. More specifically, we discuss two of the design issues: attribute space size and network cluster size based on these tradeoff considerations. Discussions in the paper show that security and robustness should become an integral part of CR design considerations.(1) C1 [Ouyang, Feng; Hampton, Jerry; Nichols, Robert] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Suoto, Henry] US Army, Space & Terrestrial Commun Directorate, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Ouyang, F (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Feng.Ouyang@jhuapl.edu; Jerry.Hampton@jhuapl.edu; Hien.Suoto@us.army.mil; Robert.Nichols@jhuapl.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 429 EP 434 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200021 ER PT S AU Hamilton, S Imsand, E Hamilton, JA AF Hamilton, Stephen Imsand, Eric Hamilton, John A., Jr. GP IEEE TI Increasing Organization Efficiency Through Software Architecture Case Study of the JTF-GNO SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE Software architecture; web collaboration; software components; communication management; software model AB The Joint Task Force Global Network Operations (JTF-GNO) center is a subset of the Defense Information Systems Agency that is directly in charge of the security and architecture of the Department of Defense Global Information Grid. Since the inception of the JTF-GNO, the architecture has continually changed due to technical advances and increasing security concerns. Although many new systems have been added to increase efficiency, ad-hoc processes remain that should be automated and added to the overall architecture. Many new software technologies can be utilized in order to streamline current processes. The first part of this paper will lay out the architecture that is currently in place. This will include the systems in place that process machine and human generated reports from all subordinate units and agencies, and the systems used to present this data and report it to the Strategic Command. Once this architecture is presented, pieces found that are manual or ad-hoc will be examined to determine if they can be automated. Finally, an architecture will be presented as a "way ahead" for the JTF-GNO that will aid in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the JTF-GNO center. C1 [Hamilton, Stephen] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Imsand, Eric; Hamilton, John A., Jr.] Auburn Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Software, Auburn, AL USA. RP Hamilton, S (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM stephen.hamilton@us.army.mil; hamilton@auburn.edu; imsanes@auburn.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 464 EP 469 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680366 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200017 ER PT S AU Yu, PL Sadler, BM AF Yu, Paul L. Sadler, Brian M. GP IEEE TI Received Signal Strength Gradient Estimation for Mobile Networks SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB This paper considers the question: As a receiver moves along a trajectory, is its received signal strength (RSS) increasing or decreasing? This is an important question for mobile receivers to answer in order to maintain or improve connectivity within the network. When signal strength maps are unavailable a priori, a receiver decides the answer based on its observations. We derive the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of signal strength at a particular location in Rayleigh/Rician fading and additive Gaussian noise. We estimate the slope of the gradient by making RSS estimates at multiple locations. By making estimates of the MLE variance, we can derive confidence in the gradient, which can be used to decide future movements. C1 [Yu, Paul L.; Sadler, Brian M.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yu, PL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 519 EP 523 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680357 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200145 ER PT S AU Sheng, ZG Ko, BJ Swami, A Lee, KW Leung, KK AF Sheng, Zhengguo Ko, Bong Jun Swami, Ananthram Lee, Kang-Won Leung, Kin K. GP IEEE TI Power Efficiency of Decode-And-Forward Cooperative Relaying SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID AD-HOC NETWORKS; WIRELESS NETWORKS; DIVERSITY; ERROR AB We investigate fundamental characteristics of cooperative transmission in terms of power efficiency. By introducing the concept of "cooperative region", we evaluate the average power efficiency which is defined as the ratio of total consumed transmit power with cooperation to that of direct transmission and show how the average performance depends upon the QoS requirement, distance between source and destination and on node density. Further, we propose a dynamic cooperation scheme that combines both cooperative and direct transmission. Analytical results are supplemented by simulation results to demonstrate the energy saving of cooperation transmission. C1 [Sheng, Zhengguo; Leung, Kin K.] Imperial Coll, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Ko, Bong Jun; Lee, Kang-Won] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. [Swami, Ananthram] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Sheng, ZG (reprint author), Imperial Coll, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM zhengguo.sheng06@imperial.ac.uk; bongjun_ko@us.ibm.com; ananthram.swami@us.army.mil; kangwon@us.ibm.com; kin.leung@imperial.ac.uk FU US Army Research laboratory; UK Ministry of Defence [W911NF-06-3-0001] FX This research was sponsored by US Army Research laboratory and the UK Ministry of Defence and was accomplished under Agreement Number W911NF-06-3-0001. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Army Research Laboratory, the U.S. Government, the UK Ministry of Defense, or the UK Government. The US and UK Governments are authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 543 EP 548 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200257 ER PT S AU Chan, KV Swami, A Zhao, Q Scaglione, A AF Chan, Kevin Swami, Ananthram Zhao, Qing Scaglione, Anna GP IEEE TI CONSENSUS ALGORITHMS OVER FADING CHANNELS SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID DISTRIBUTED CONSENSUS; SENSOR NETWORKS AB Consensus algorithms permit the computation of global statistics via local communications and without centralized control. We extend previous results by taking into account fading and unidirectional links in ring and random 2-D topologies. We study conditions for convergence and present simulation results to verify the analytical results in this paper. We compare the performance of consensus algorithms with a tree-based (centralized) approach. Additionally, we implement a slotted ALOHA protocol and compare its performance to that under the initial assumption of perfect scheduling. C1 [Chan, Kevin; Swami, Ananthram] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Zhao, Qing; Scaglione, Anna] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chan, KV (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM kevin.s.chan@us.army.mil; ananthram.swami@us.army.mil; qzhao@ucdavis.edu; ascaglione@ucdavis.edu NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 549 EP 554 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680428 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200356 ER PT S AU Kleider, JE Steenhoek, C Morris, D Lai, HQ Zannetti, B Chin, T Ma, XL Hamilton, B AF Kleider, John E. Steenhoek, Chris Morris, Derek Lai, Hung-Quoc Zannetti, Bruce Chin, Tony Ma, Xiaoli Hamilton, Benjamin GP IEEE TI Achieving MIMO Performance with Single-Antenna Radios SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE Distributed MIMO; OFDM; antenna; measurements ID SYNCHRONIZATION AB Multiple-antenna systems have been shown to provide significant performance improvements over single-antenna systems. Theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental testing corroborate improvements in capacity and transmit power/energy savings. Unfortunately, co-located MIMO radios have numerous disadvantages compared to single-antenna radios; such as more complex RF and modem signal processing, inability to provide sufficient antenna spacing for soldier communication frequencies, increased radio size form factors and higher digital hardware power requirements. In this work, we propose to use simple and low cost single-antenna radios in "distributed groups" to form MIMO virtual arrays. Virtual arrays are created by "clusters" of single-antenna transmitters and receivers, respectively, each of which work cooperatively together and can be shown to provide many of the benefits of co-located MIMO systems. We used a 2X2 USRP-based MIMO OFDM system to perform field measurements with the objective to determine throughput and capacity performance compared to SISO OFDM. We compared performance by changing channel propagation environment, antenna spacing, RF frequency and propagation distance. In some channel environments, throughput gains (TPG) of 2X were found with range gain (RNG) of 2X compared to the same SISO OFDM system. We found that optimal antenna spacing may be environment dependent, which motivated us to develop a more general distributed MIMO system approach that could be utilized for field measurements in nearly any configuration desired. Subsequently, we developed a 2-transmit and (1-4)-receive distributed OFDM MIMO model suitable for single-antenna radios, with simulations that support a RNG of between 2.25X and 5.5X. C1 [Kleider, John E.] Gen Dynam C4 Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. [Steenhoek, Chris] Gen Dynam C4 Syst, Scottsdale, AZ USA. [Morris, Derek; Lai, Hung-Quoc; Zannetti, Bruce; Chin, Tony] US Army, CERDEC, S&TCD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Ma, Xiaoli; Hamilton, Benjamin] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kleider, JE (reprint author), Gen Dynam C4 Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. FU U. S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance Program [DAAD19-01-2-0011] FX Prepared through collaborative participation in the Communications and Networks Consortium sponsored by the U. S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance Program, Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-01-2-0011. The U. S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 814 EP 819 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680266 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200319 ER PT S AU Clark, A Hardy, R Poovendran, R AF Clark, Andrew Hardy, Rommie Poovendran, Radha GP IEEE TI A Joint Performance-Vulnerability Metric Framework for Designing Ad Hoc Routing Protocols SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB When a network is deployed in a hostile environment, different paths between nodes may provide varying levels of resilience to adversarial attack. Therefore, in order to ensure that network services are both timely and secure, both the vulnerability and performance of the path must be taken into account during route selection. However, current routing protocols do not take resilience of intermediate links into account, instead focusing on optimizing use of network resources. In this work, we propose a new class of resilience-enhanced routing protocols that incorporate the security of individual communication links when selecting a routing path. To enable resilient path selection, we introduce a joint performance-vulnerability metric, which quantifies the cost of a link based on both performance and vulnerability characteristics, so that shortest paths chosen using this metric will be both efficient and resilient to attack. We give an example that measures resilience to key exposure in ad hoc networks and demonstrate the feasibility of our scheme through analysis and simulation. C1 [Clark, Andrew; Poovendran, Radha] Univ Washington, EE Dept, NSL, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hardy, Rommie] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Clark, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, EE Dept, NSL, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI McLean, Laurence /C-7367-2014 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 930 EP 935 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5679587 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200155 ER PT S AU Manousakis, K Sterne, D Lawler, G Ivanic, N AF Manousakis, Kyriakos Sterne, Dan Lawler, Geoff Ivanic, Natalie GP IEEE TI Distributed Active Maintenance for Intrusion Detection Structures SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE intrusion detection structures; distributed maintenance; mobile ad-hoc networks; robustness AB Intrusion detection (ID) effectiveness (low latency, low overhead, high accuracy) depends also on the collection of the corresponding data. In this paper we introduce an active maintenance mechanism that is distributed utilizing one hop information. This mechanism focuses on the maintenance of optimally formed tree ID structures, utilized for the collection and processing of ID data. The maintenance is called active, as opposed to the existing passive maintenance mechanisms, which are triggered only when the feasibility (e.g. connectivity) of the ID structures is violated, because continuously the participating nodes monitor their neighborhood characteristics that are related to the ID structures design objectives and take restructuring decisions so that the quality (design objectives) of the ID structures is maintained. We evaluate and present the effectiveness of active maintenance mechanism by implementing it in ARL's Wireless Emulation Lab (WEL) Testbed and comparing its optimality with respect to the optimality of tree ID structures formed utilizing a previously proposed global optimization mechanism based on simulated annealing (SA). C1 [Manousakis, Kyriakos] Telcordia Technol, Appl Res, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Sterne, Dan; Lawler, Geoff] Cobham Anal Solut, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Ivanic, Natalie] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Manousakis, K (reprint author), Telcordia Technol, Appl Res, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM kyriakos@research.telcordia.com; Dan.Sterne@cobham.com; Geoff.Lawler@cobham.com; nivanic@us.army.mil FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance (CTA) Program [DAAD19-2-01-0011] FX Prepared through collaborative participation in the Communications and Networks Consortium sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance (CTA) Program, Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-2-01-0011. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1038 EP 1043 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5679876 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200267 ER PT S AU Rittenbach, T Satake, H Redding, E Perry, K Thawani, M Dietrich, C Thandee, R AF Rittenbach, Tom Satake, Hiroshi Redding, Eric Perry, Karen Thawani, Mahendra Dietrich, Carl Thandee, Rithrong GP IEEE TI GRA Model Driven Design Process SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB The purpose of the Government Reference Architecture (GRA) was to define a modular, open systems architecture that fostered reuse and technology insertion refresh with modular components and product line variants. A graphical model-driven development (MDD) approach was chosen to support rapid design and development of work products that could be quickly leveraged by radio developers within existing development processes with commercial modeling tools. The GRA has matured its model driven methodology through recent efforts transforming the OSSIE-based GRA testbed from an executable UML (TM) Platform Independent Model (PIM) to an executable Software Communications Architecture (SCA) Platform Specific Model (PSM). In GRA Phase 2, IBM (R) Rational (R) Rhapsody (R) was used to develop the UML PIM model for the purpose of GRA interface validation. The third step in GRA Phase 3 was to demonstrate an executable PSM implementation by combining the PSM work in Rhapsody with additional tool capability for the SCA CORBA (R) model using the SCA domain specific MDD tool, PrismTech Spectra CX. Although gaps were identified in the path to an integrated, standards-based, automated GRA modeling tool chain, productivity gains around improved collaboration and code development accelerations were realized. Evolving the GRA through model-driven PIM and PSM development tools, including the tool chain integration process, will be described in detail in this paper, along with analysis of MDD productivity gains achieved with this integrated tool chain approach. C1 [Rittenbach, Tom] USA, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 02001 USA. [Satake, Hiroshi] SAIC, San Francisco, CA USA. [Redding, Eric] Rockwell Collins Inc, Richardson, TX USA. [Perry, Karen] Prism Tech, Woburn, MA USA. [Thawani, Mahendra] XPRTSol, Eatontown, NJ USA. [Dietrich, Carl; Thandee, Rithrong] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Rittenbach, T (reprint author), USA, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 02001 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1151 EP 1156 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680100 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200072 ER PT S AU Fink, J Ribeiro, A Kumar, V Sadler, BM AF Fink, Jonathan Ribeiro, Alejandro Kumar, Vijay Sadler, Brian M. GP IEEE TI Optimal Robust Multihop Routing for Wireless Networks of Mobile Micro Autonomous Systems SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID CONNECTIVITY AB This paper develops algorithms to ensure that agents of a mobile micro autonomous system (MMAS) maintain integrity of communication flows as they move to accomplish their task. Due to inherent uncertainties in estimation of wireless channels, we advocate a stochastic approach whereby achievable communication rates of point-to-point links are regarded as random variables with known means and variances. To achieve reliable end-to-end communication flows, terminals route their traffic through various alternative paths to reduce the effect of uncertainty in individual link rates. The proposed algorithms are optimal and robust in that routes are obtained as solutions of optimization problems subject to constraints on minimum required rates and maximum acceptable variances. Algorithms are tested in an event-based simulator that uses an accurate data-driven model of radio communications to model both the structure of code running independently on multiple robots as well as the transmission of messages via a real radio. Simulation results corroborate that rates of end-to-end flows are maintained at target levels despite variations in the rates of individual links. C1 [Fink, Jonathan; Ribeiro, Alejandro; Kumar, Vijay] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sadler, Brian M.] Army Res Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Fink, J (reprint author), Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1268 EP 1273 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680122 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200202 ER PT S AU Kusyk, J Urrea, E Sahin, CS Uyar, MU Bertoli, G Pizzo, C AF Kusyk, Janusz Urrea, Elkin Sahin, Cem Safak Uyar, M. Uemit Bertoli, Giorgio Pizzo, Christian GP IEEE TI RESILIENT NODE SELF-POSITIONING METHODS FOR MANETS BASED ON GAME THEORY AND GENETIC ALGORITHMS SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE Cognitive networks; topology control; node spreading; game theory; genetic algorithm; MANETs ID AGENTS AB We present a distributed and scalable game participated by autonomous MANET nodes to place themselves uniformly over a dynamically changing environment. A node spreading potential game, called Rel-NSPG, run at each node, autonomously makes movement decisions based on localized data while the best next location to move is selected by a genetic algorithm (GA). Since it requires only a limited synchronization among the closest neighbors of a player, and does not require a priori knowledge of the environment, Rel-NSPG is a good candidate for node spreading class of applications used in military tasks. The performance of Rel-NSPG degrades gracefully when the number of MANET nodes decrease either due to equipment malfunction or hostile activities. We show that this resilience to loss of nodes is inherent in Rel-NSPG. Simulation experiments demonstrate that, after a subset of the MANET nodes arbitrarily become unavailable, the remaining nodes recover and offset lost nodes. Similarly, when there are losses concentrated in a given region, remaining nodes reconfigure their positions to compensate for the missing area coverage. The simulation experiments with arbitrarily placed obstacles, in addition to lost assests, produce promising results. C1 [Kusyk, Janusz] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Urrea, Elkin; Sahin, Cem Safak; Uyar, M. Uemit] CUNY City Coll, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Bertoli, Giorgio; Pizzo, Christian] US Army, Elect Commun Res, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Kusyk, J (reprint author), CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. FU U.S. Army CommunicationsElectronics RDE Center; National Science Foundation [ECS-0421159, CNS-0619577] FX This work has been supported by U.S. Army CommunicationsElectronics RD&E Center. The contents of this document represent the views of the authors and are not necessarily the official views of, or are endorsed by, the U.S. Government, Department of Defense, Department of the Army, or the U.S. Army Communications-Electronics RD&E Center. This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation grants ECS-0421159 and CNS-0619577. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1399 EP 1404 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680141 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200211 ER PT S AU Beljour, H Hoffmann, R Michael, G Schoonveld, W Shields, J Sumit, I Swenson, C Willson, A Curtis, T Weerackody, V AF Beljour, Herald Hoffmann, Rich Michael, Gerald Schoonveld, Wayne Shields, Joseph Sumit, Imrul Swenson, Carl Willson, Andrew Curtis, Thomas Weerackody, Vijitha GP IEEE TI Proof of Concept Effort for Demonstrating an All-Digital Satellite Communications Earth Terminal SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB The Space and Terrestrial Communication Directorate of the U.S. Army's Communications- Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center is executing a proof of concept program to develop and demonstrate an All-digital Satellite Communications Earth Terminal. The Future Advanced Satellite Terminal (FAST) program initially focuses on the satellite terminal's receive component of the satellite link. The two main efforts under FAST are a multi-carrier wideband digital downconverter and a wideband multi-carrier advanced signal processor. The downconverter is designed to simultaneously capture at L-band intermediate Frequency (IF) all of the signals in a selectable 125 MHz-wide transponder bandwidth of the Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) satellite and convert them into a digital in-phage and quadrature signal. This digitized signal is then passed over an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) VMEBUS International Trade Association (VITA) 49 interface to the wideband multi-carrier advanced signal processor, which will simultaneously process at least eight communications signals. Future plans for a complete transmit and receive terminal capability and a potential migration path from fixed frequency division multiple access (FDMA) carriers to a more dynamic process for allocating bandwidth, decentralized power monitoring and control, and remote terminal control are also discussed. C1 [Beljour, Herald; Hoffmann, Rich; Michael, Gerald; Schoonveld, Wayne; Shields, Joseph; Sumit, Imrul; Swenson, Carl; Willson, Andrew] USA, CERDEC S&TCD, Satellite Commun Syst Div, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. [Curtis, Thomas; Weerackody, Vijitha] Johns Hopkins Univ Appl Phys Lab, Appl Informat Sci Div, New Jersey Off, Red Bank, NJ USA. RP Beljour, H (reprint author), USA, CERDEC S&TCD, Satellite Commun Syst Div, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1547 EP 1551 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680172 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200108 ER PT S AU He, QF Xu, ZY Sadler, BM AF He, Qunfeng Xu, Zhengyuan Sadler, Brian M. GP IEEE TI Non-line-of-sight Serial Relayed Link for Optical Wireless Communications SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ULTRAVIOLET COMMUNICATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB Ultraviolet (UV) is a promising enabling technology for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) optical wireless communication. However, the communication range is limited due to large path loss and low transmitted power from the light source. We thus consider end-to-end communication through a serial relayed link. Each pair of the relay nodes shares information via a NLOS UV channel whose path loss was measured through a test campaign. Considering possible interference from neighboring nodes and spatial reuse, we propose cooperative reception at the relay node to achieve performance close to the quantum limited case. The benefits in range extension and power savings of the UV relay network are demonstrated through error performance and data rate analysis, as well as numerical simulation. Light weight nodes with low power consumption are shown to be feasible to implement and deploy. C1 [He, Qunfeng; Xu, Zhengyuan] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Sadler, Brian M.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP He, QF (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM dxu@ee.ucr.edu; bsadler@arl.army.mil NR 17 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1588 EP 1593 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200304 ER PT S AU He, T Bisdikian, C Kaplan, L Wei, W Towsley, D AF He, Ting Bisdikian, Chatschik Kaplan, Lance Wei, Wei Towsley, Don GP IEEE TI Multi-Target Tracking Using Proximity Sensors SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE Multi-target tracking; Bayesian filtering AB We consider the problem of tracking multiple moving targets in a continuous field using proximity sensors, which are binary sensors that can sense target presence by performing local energy detection subject to noise. Compared with more sophisticated sensors, proximity sensors have the advantage of having lower costs and lower energy consumption, but also the disadvantage of being less accurate. In this paper, we propose a hybrid tracking scheme where a coarse-scale tracking is first performed by proximity sensors to narrow down the areas of interest, and then a fine-scale tracking is performed by high-end sensors to estimate the exact target locations, with our focus on the former. In contrast to classic multi-target tracking which assumes 1-1 association between measurements and targets, we show that proximity measurements do not have such association and thus require a different objective. Formulating the coarse-scale tracking as a problem of tracking the histograms of targets in a cell-partitioned field, we develop both an optimal and two approximate solutions via Bayesian Filtering (BF). In particular, one of our approximate solutions decouples the tracking of different targets and thus reduces the dimensionality of BF by relaxing the likelihood function, and the other further reduces the problem into discrete space by quantizing the target mobility model and the relaxed likelihood function. Together with the optimal solution, they provide flexible tradeoffs between accuracy and complexity. Simulations show that the proposed solutions can effectively track targets to the accuracy of a cell and thus reduce uncertainty for the fine-scale tracking. C1 [He, Ting; Bisdikian, Chatschik] IBM Res, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA. [Kaplan, Lance] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Wei, Wei; Towsley, Don] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP He, T (reprint author), IBM Res, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA. EM the@us.ibm.com; bisdik@us.ibm.com; lance.m.kaplan@us.army.mil; weiwei@cs.umass.edu; towsley@cs.umass.edu FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.K. Ministry of Defence [W911NF-06-3-0001] FX Research was sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.K. Ministry of Defence and was accomplished under Agreement Number W911NF-06-3-0001. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author(s) and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, the U.S. Government, the U.K. Ministry of Defence or the U.K. Government. The U.S. and U.K. Governments are authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1777 EP 1782 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200260 ER PT S AU Lu, Z Lu, XA Wang, WY Wang, C AF Lu, Zhuo Lu, Xiang Wang, Wenye Wang, Cliff GP IEEE TI Review and Evaluation of Security Threats on the Communication Networks in the Smart Grid SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB The smart grid, generally referred to as the next-generation power electric system, relies on robust communication networks to provide efficient, secure, and reliable information delivery. Thus, the network security is of critical importance in the smart grid. In this paper, we aim at classifying and evaluating the security threats on the communication networks in the smart grid. Based on a top-down analysis, we categorize the goals of potential attacks against the smart grid communication networks into three types: network availability, data integrity and information privacy. We then qualitatively analyze both the impact and feasibility of the three types of attacks. Moreover, since network availability is the top priority in the security objectives for the smart grid, we use experiments to quantitatively evaluate the impact of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks on a power substation network. Our work provides initial experimental data of DoS attacks against a power network and shows that the network performance degrades dramatically only when the DoS attack intensity approaches to the maximum. C1 [Lu, Zhuo; Lu, Xiang; Wang, Wenye] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Wang, Cliff] Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM zlu3@ncsu.edu; xlu6@ncsu.edu; wwang@ncsu.edu; cliff.wang@us.army.mil FU Army Research Office (ARO) [53435-CS-SR] FX The work was supported by Army Research Office (ARO) under Grant Number 53435-CS-SR NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1830 EP 1835 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200379 ER PT S AU Gottlieb, YM Chiang, CJ Chadha, R Ohel, H Moeltner, K Ali, S Kumar, Y Bauer, R AF Gottlieb, Yitzchak M. Chiang, C. Jason Chadha, Ritu Ohel, Hagai Moeltner, Kim Ali, Syeed Kumar, Yogeeta Bauer, Rocio GP IEEE TI Policy-Controlled Dynamic Spectrum Access in Multitiered Mobile Networks SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Managed mobile ad hoc networks, such as tactical networks, are frequently implemented using multiple subnets, or tiers, so that nodes in one tier can communicate to nodes in another tier only through gateways that can communicate in both tiers. This structure imposes an extra burden on network planning personnel to plan and configure appropriate nodes as gateways between tiers taking into account the connectivity between tiers required to meet communication needs and the robustness required to deal with failures and mobility. This paper presents Net Communication Goals-a policy for specifying connectivity between tiers-and an implementation of a system for enforcing these policies. Using Net Communication Goals, or net goals, network planning personnel need only specify the required number of connections between tiers. These policies are then dynamically enforced within each tier, reconfiguring the frequencies used by network nodes to provide dynamic access to different parts of the available spectrum, thereby automatically maintaining the needed connectivity without manual intervention. C1 [Gottlieb, Yitzchak M.; Chiang, C. Jason; Chadha, Ritu] Telcordia Technol Inc, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ohel, Hagai] Gen Dynam C4 Syst, Sunrise, FL USA. [Moeltner, Kim; Ali, Syeed; Kumar, Yogeeta; Bauer, Rocio] US Army, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Gottlieb, YM (reprint author), Telcordia Technol Inc, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU U. S. Army Communications Electronics Research and Development Engineering Center (CERDEC) [W15P7T-08-C-P213] FX The research reported in this document/presentation was performed in connection with contract number W15P7T-08-C-P213 with the U. S. Army Communications Electronics Research and Development Engineering Center (CERDEC). The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as presenting the official policies or position, either expressed or implied, of the U. S. Army CERDEC, or the U. S. Government unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of manufacturers or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof. The U. S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1881 EP 1886 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5679567 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200089 ER PT S AU Ferrett, T Valenti, MC Torrieri, D AF Ferrett, Terry Valenti, Matthew C. Torrieri, Don GP IEEE TI Receiver Design for Noncoherent Digital Network Coding SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID FADING CHANNELS; SIGNALS; FSK AB Physical-layer network coding is considered for the two-way relay network with realistic assumptions on the coherence of the channel. In contrast to analog network coding, which relays received analog signals plus noise, our system relays digital network codewords, obtained by digital demodulation and channel decoding. By using binary frequency-shift keying and noncoherent reception, the relay may operate without knowledge of the phases of the signals transmitted simultaneously by the two sources. The channels between the end nodes and the relay are modeled as noncoherent block fading channels, and an outer turbo code is used. A noncoherent receiver is formulated for the relay, which estimates the fading amplitudes but not the phases. Several block sizes are considered, and the effect of block size on error-rate performance is investigated. As a baseline for performance comparison, the system is also simulated using perfect knowledge of the fading amplitudes, and it is observed that the performance lost to channel estimation is negligible for sufficiently large blocks. An example realization of the proposed system demonstrates a 32.4% throughput improvement compared to a similar system that performs network coding at the link layer. C1 [Ferrett, Terry; Valenti, Matthew C.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Torrieri, Don] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Ferrett, T (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. OI Ferrett, Terry/0000-0002-9919-9544; Valenti, Matthew/0000-0001-6089-0509 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 2096 EP 2101 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680474 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200282 ER PT S AU Lai, HQ Zannetti, B Chin, T Morris, D Koshy, J Macre, W Liberti, J Martin, C AF Lai, Hung-Quoc Zannetti, Bruce Chin, Tony Morris, Derek Koshy, John Macre, William Liberti, Joseph Martin, Carol GP IEEE TI Measurements of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Performance under Army Operational Conditions SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE MIMO; field experiments; military conditions; throughput gain; range extension; antenna separation ID CAPACITY AB This paper presents the results from a field measurement campaign that was conducted to provide an understanding of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) performance relative to that of a Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) system in military-type environments. The Space & Terrestrial Communications Directorate (STCD) MIMO system was used to conduct these experiments. The system has two antennas and operates at transmit frequencies of 430 and 1380MHz, which fall within military frequency bands. A variety of operational environments with many scenarios were considered. The experiments were conducted at C4ISR OTM testing facility, Fort Dix, New Jersey for transmissions along a wide road, a narrow road and through heavy foliage. These experiments measured the throughput gain of MIMO over SISO given the same transmit power and channel usage. The gain in throughput was corroborated by information-theoretic capacity calculations using channel estimates collected during the experimental campaign. In addition, the impact of the antenna spacing on throughput gain was also studied. Depending on the multipath-richness of the environment, the experimental results show that the 2-antenna system provides a throughput of 1.3 to 2.0 times that of a SISO system. On average, a range extension of 1.5 times could be realized for all the considered scenarios and transmit frequencies. The results suggest that antennas in MIMO systems should be placed at least a half of carrier wavelength apart, as indicated in open literature. C1 [Lai, Hung-Quoc; Zannetti, Bruce; Chin, Tony; Morris, Derek] US Army, CERDEC S&TCD, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. [Koshy, John; Macre, William; Liberti, Joseph; Martin, Carol] Telcordia Technol, Red Bank, NJ USA. RP Lai, HQ (reprint author), US Army, CERDEC S&TCD, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. FU U. S Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance Program Cooperative Agreement [DAAD19-01-2-0011] FX Prepared through collaborative participation in the Communications and Networks Consortium sponsored by the U. S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance Program, Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-01-2-0011. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 2119 EP 2124 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200050 ER PT S AU Mody, AN Sherman, M Trojan, A Yau, K Farkas, J Sputz, S McElwain, T Bauer, R Boksiner, J Fiuza, A AF Mody, Apurva N. Sherman, Matthew Trojan, Alan Yau, Kwok Farkas, Joe Sputz, Sharon McElwain, Tom Bauer, Rosie Boksiner, Jeff Fiuza, Antonio GP IEEE TI On Making the Current Military Radios Cognitive without Hardware or Firmware Modifications SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE cognitive radio; dynamic sectrum access; WIN-T LAW; external sensing AB Cognitive Radio (CR) using Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) provides the military radios, an ability to operate in un-predictable interference environments. CRs are capable of sensing their environment and autonomously changing the radio parameters such as frequency, bandwidth and power, to avoid interference. Large amount of resources have been invested by the Department of Defense (DoD) on building these radio systems which are currently not DSA enabled. This paper provides a way to make current military radios DSA capable without making any hardware or firmware modifications to them. Radios are made DSA capable by using an external sensor as compared to an embedded sensor containing advanced feature based sensing algorithms, application level messaging and a cognitive engine, which is written in a high level language that resides outside the radios. A real-time over-the-air demonstration for such a cognitive radio test-bed using a network of three Warfighter Information Network - Tactical (WIN-T) Local Area Waveform (LAW) nodes in friendly and un-friendly interference was carried out at the Ft. Dix facility of US Army CERDEC. This paper provides a brief overview of the system, operation of this test-bed and some field demonstration results. C1 [Mody, Apurva N.; Sherman, Matthew; Trojan, Alan; Yau, Kwok; Farkas, Joe; Sputz, Sharon; McElwain, Tom] BAE Syst, Technol Solut, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. [Bauer, Rosie; Boksiner, Jeff; Fiuza, Antonio] US Army, CERDEC, S&TCD SEAMS, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Mody, AN (reprint author), BAE Syst, Technol Solut, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. EM apurva.mody@baesystems.com; rocio.bauer@us.army.mil FU US Army - CERDEC [W15P7T-06-C-P426, 0006] FX The Authors would like to thank US Army - CERDEC for sponsoring this program (W15P7T-06-C-P426, CLIN 0006). The authors would like to acknowledge BAE Systems Communications and Network Solutions group for providing the WIN-T LAW radios and personnel for the demonstration purposes of this program. Special thanks go to Ron Buell and Rick Temkin for making the WIN-T LAW radios available and all their technical help and guidance. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 2327 EP 2332 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680354 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200030 ER PT S AU Kant, L McAuley, A Manousakis, K Shallcross, D Sinkar, K Tauil, M Younis, O Young, K Graff, C Patel, M Yee, D Mizan, S AF Kant, L. McAuley, A. Manousakis, K. Shallcross, D. Sinkar, K. Tauil, M. Younis, O. Young, K. Graff, C. Patel, M. Yee, D. Mizan, S. GP IEEE TI C-NEDAT: A Cognitive Network Engineering Design Analytic Toolset for MANETs SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE Cogntive Networking; MANET Design; Software Defined Radio. Reinforcement Learning; Simulated Annealing AB Future force networks of the types envisioned for the network centric warfare (NCW) paradigm will be highly diverse, with the diversity spanning a wide range of (a) requirements (e.g., need for capacity, connectivity, survivability), (b) resources (e.g., radios with widely different capabilities and 'smart' (e.g., Software Defined Radios (SDRs)), and (c) environments (e.g., urban, rural). The need to facilitate robust and adaptable communications in such networks has in turn triggered research in the area of cognitive networks that have the ability to 'learn' and generate real-time control actions to adapt to the wide diversity of requirements, resources and environments. However, the combination of diversity and "smart" networking exacerbates the problem of generating reliable and robust network designs. We present in this paper, our work on the use of cognitive mechanisms to assist with the design and analysis of robust NCW-like networks. Based on formal network-science based approaches, our Cognitive Network Engineering Design Analytic Toolset (C-NEDAT) provides for a systematic way to design, analyze and maintain robustness of future force MANETs. We provide in this paper an overview of the key functional modules and design capabilities of C-NEDAT and present example results. C1 [Kant, L.; McAuley, A.; Manousakis, K.; Shallcross, D.; Sinkar, K.; Tauil, M.; Younis, O.; Young, K.] Telcordia Technol Inc, Appl Res, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Graff, C.; Yee, D.] US Army, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. [Patel, M.; Mizan, S.] US Army, CERDEC, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Kant, L (reprint author), Telcordia Technol Inc, Appl Res, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU U.S. Army CERDEC [DAAD-10-01-C-0062] FX This work was sponsored by U.S. Army CERDEC under contract DAAD-10-01-C-0062. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 2333 EP 2338 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680350 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200028 ER PT S AU Chrysanthou, C Boksiner, J Scott, J Garner, TJ AF Chrysanthou, Chrys Boksiner, Jeffrey Scott, Jeremy Garner, Timothy J. GP IEEE TI Effects of Nearby Objects on Fading and Coupling in Line-Of-Sight environments SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE channel modeling; fading channel; DSA ID PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS; RADIO PROPAGATION AB Frequency-agile wideband radios may be susceptible to non-linear effects from strong electromagnetic signals coupled from co-site or nearby emitters. Also, such signals can impact spectrum sensing capability of Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) systems. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of the coupling channel between nearby systems due to Line-of-Sight (LOS) propagation and reflections from nearby objects, such as buildings in the urban environment or hills in the rural environment. The presence of nearby objects can cause significant variations in the strength of the coupling leading to enhancement or fading of the coupled signal. Significant fading or variation in coupling may inadvertently cause DSA radios or other systems that have spectrum sensing capability to make erroneous decision on the selection of the operating frequency. In this paper we define a channel model for coupling among nearby systems. Our analysis considers two-ray and six-ray propagation models to define the nearby LOS coupling channel. We investigate the variation of the coupling as a function of frequency and the arrangement of the surrounding obstructions. We aggregate this data to provide a comprehensive channel model that can be used by radio designers and system integrators to help analyze the electromagnetic environment caused by nearby emitters. C1 [Chrysanthou, Chrys; Boksiner, Jeffrey; Scott, Jeremy; Garner, Timothy J.] USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Chrysanthou, C (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 2393 EP 2399 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680332 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200223 ER PT J AU Peirce, KP Wood, MDC AF Peirce, Karen P. Wood, Major David C. BE Higbee, D TI Teaching English at West Point: A Dialogic Narrative SO MILITARY CULTURE AND EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Peirce, Karen P.] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Peirce, Karen P.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. RP Peirce, KP (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-0758-4 PY 2010 BP 105 EP 118 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5IY UT WOS:000336717600009 ER PT J AU Carter, BL AF Carter, Bradley L. BE Higbee, D TI No "Holidays from History": Adult Learning, Professional Military Education, and Teaching History SO MILITARY CULTURE AND EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carter, Bradley L.] US Armys Command, Ft Bragg, NC USA. [Carter, Bradley L.] Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. [Carter, Bradley L.] St Paul Sch Theol, St Paul, MN USA. RP Carter, BL (reprint author), CGSC Satellite, Ft Gordon, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-0758-4 PY 2010 BP 167 EP 182 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5IY UT WOS:000336717600013 ER PT J AU Slim, AM Zacher, LL AF Slim, Ahmad M. Zacher, Lisa L. TI Untitled SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Slim, Ahmad M.; Zacher, Lisa L.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Slim, AM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 175 IS 1 BP III EP III PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GN UT WOS:000276584800001 PM 20108831 ER PT J AU Stephenson, MR Byrne, DC Ohin, DW Murphy, WJ Chandler, DW Davis, RR Allen, JR Danielson, RW AF Stephenson, Mark R. Byrne, David C. Ohin, Douglas W. Murphy, William J. Chandler, David W. Davis, Rickie R. Allen, John R. Danielson, Richard W. TI Perspectives on "Efficacy of the US Army Policy on Hearing Conservation Programs" SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Stephenson, Mark R.; Murphy, William J.; Davis, Rickie R.] NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Ohin, Douglas W.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Bel Air, MD 21014 USA. [Chandler, David W.] Dept Vet Affairs, Rehabil Serv, Washington, DC 20420 USA. [Allen, John R.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Danielson, Richard W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Stephenson, MR (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop C-27, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 175 IS 1 BP XII EP XVI PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GN UT WOS:000276584800004 PM 20108834 ER PT J AU Sell, TC Chu, YC Abt, JP Nagai, T Deluzio, J McGrail, MA Rowe, RS Lephart, SM AF Sell, Timothy C. Chu, Yungchien Abt, John P. Nagai, Takashi Deluzio, Jennifer McGrail, Mark A. Rowe, Russell S. Lephart, Scott M. TI Minimal Additional Weight of Combat Equipment Alters Air Assault Soldiers' Landing Biomechanics SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; LOWER-EXTREMITY KINEMATICS; VERTICAL STOP-JUMP; LOAD CARRIAGE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; DROP-LANDINGS; INJURY; MILITARY; FORCES; KINETICS AB The additional weight of combat and protective equipment carried by soldiers on the battlefield and insufficient adaptations to this weight may increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the additional weight of equipment on knee kinematics and vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) during two-legged drop landings. We tested kinematics and VGRF of 70 air assault soldiers performing drop landings with and without wearing the equipment. Maximum knee flexion angles, maximum vertical ground reaction forces, and the time from initial contact to these maximum values all increased with the additional weight of equipment. Proper landing technique, additional weight (perhaps in the form of combat and protective equipment), and eccentric strengthening of the hips and knees should be integrated into soldiers' training to induce musculoskeletal and biomechanical adaptations to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injury during two-legged drop landing maneuvers. C1 [Sell, Timothy C.; Chu, Yungchien; Abt, John P.; Nagai, Takashi; Deluzio, Jennifer; Lephart, Scott M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Neuromuscular Res Lab, Dept Sports Med & Nutr, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. [Nagai, Takashi; Deluzio, Jennifer] Univ Pittsburgh, Human Performance Res Lab, Ft Campbell, KY 42223 USA. [McGrail, Mark A.] Dept Army, Airborne Div Air Assault 101, Div Surg Off, Ft Campbell, KY 42223 USA. [Rowe, Russell S.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sell, TC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Neuromuscular Res Lab, Dept Sports Med & Nutr, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. FU U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command [W81XWH-06-2-0070] FX This study is supported by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command under Award No. W81XWH-06-2-0070, as a part of the 101st Airborne (Air Assault) Injury Prevention and Performance Optimization Program. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 175 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GN UT WOS:000276584800011 PM 20108841 ER PT J AU Smith, JM Fox, CJ Brazaitis, MP Via, K Garcia, R Feuerstein, IM AF Smith, Jennifer M. Fox, Charles J. Brazaitis, Michael P. Via, Kathy Garcia, Roman Feuerstein, Irwin M. TI Sixty-Four-Slice CT Angiography to Determine the Three Dimensional Relationships of Vascular and Soft Tissue Wounds in Lower Extremity War Time Injuries SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ARTERIAL EVALUATION; MULTIDETECTOR CT; DIAGNOSIS; TRAUMA AB This article analyzes the use and benefits of the 64-slice CT scanner in determining the 3D relationships of vascular and soft tissue wounds in lower extremity war time injuries. A brief overview of CT scanning is given as well as the techniques used to produce the images needed for diagnosis. The series follows two similar cases of war time injury patients at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The first case is a 30-year-old active duty male, who presented with multiple trauma from a motor vehicle accident because of an improvised explosive device (LED) blast, sustaining substantial lower extremity injuries. The second case is a 34-year-old active duty male, who presented with multiple trauma blast injuries. Both cases were of interest because the vasculature was found to be very close to the surface of the wound, which put the arteries at risk for rupture and for iatrogenic injury during repeated debridements. C1 [Smith, Jennifer M.] Calif Univ Penn, California, PA 15419 USA. [Fox, Charles J.; Brazaitis, Michael P.; Via, Kathy; Garcia, Roman; Feuerstein, Irwin M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Smith, JM (reprint author), Calif Univ Penn, 401 Green St, California, PA 15419 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 175 IS 1 BP 65 EP 67 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GN UT WOS:000276584800015 PM 20108845 ER PT J AU Andrews, CM Singh, NN Stewart, RW AF Andrews, Christopher M. Singh, Nicklesh N. Stewart, Robert W. TI Bullet Aspiration and Spontaneous Expectoration After Gunshot Wound to Trachea SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB A young adult male suffered a combat gunshot wound to his anterior trachea, which resulted in bullet migration, via aspiration, to the point of lodgment in the right upper lobe bronchus. He subsequently spontaneously expectorated the intact bullet, a first report of such events. A bronchoscopy was then performed confirming the site of entry, position of previous lodgment, and lack of further pathology. A brief discussion of expected findings, management, and complications are discussed. C1 [Andrews, Christopher M.; Singh, Nicklesh N.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Andrews, CM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 175 IS 1 BP 72 EP 73 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GN UT WOS:000276584800017 PM 20108847 ER PT J AU Sommerville, DR Bray, JJ Reutter-Christy, SA Jablonski, RE Shelly, EE AF Sommerville, Douglas R. Bray, John J. Reutter-Christy, Sharon A. Jablonski, Raymond E. Shelly, Erin E. TI Review and Assessment of Chlorine Mammalian Lethality Data and the Development of a Human Estimate SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID ACUTE INHALATION TOXICITY; RATIO VARIABLES; MAJOR HAZARDS; SPURIOUS CORRELATION; PROBIT EXPRESSIONS; USERS GUIDE; MORTALITY; IMPACT; MODEL; ARTIFACT AB New human estimates for chlorine inhalation lethality as a function of exposure duration were derived via a review and statistical analysis of existing mammalian lethality data Such estimates are needed to support risk assessments and casualty predictions involving airborne releases of chlorine At present, casualty predictions for such releases are at odds with what has been observed historically, the predicted downwind hazard area has often been much larger than what was actually observed Either the present estimates for median lethal dosages (LCT(50)) are too low, the currently popular atmospheric transport and dispersion (ATD) models cannot adequately model chlorine releases, or both LCT(50) and quantal response data were analyzed for eight species (mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, dog, goat and sheep), for exposure durations from 8 to 235 minutes The base 10 probit slope (concentration) was estimated via the weighted average of experimentally measured slopes in mammalian lethality studies Resulting human lethality (military) estimates as a function of exposure duration were expressed via the toxic load model General population estimates were derived from the military estimates using the mathematical method of Crosier (2007) Previous human estimates were reviewed and compared to the new general population estimate The impact of the new estimate was evaluated through a series of transport and dispersion modeling runs for the catastrophic accidental release of 50 tons of chlorine from a tanker car The sensitivity of downwind hazard distances was also investigated as a function of median lethal toxic load (TL), toxic load exponent and probit slope values C1 [Sommerville, Douglas R.; Reutter-Christy, Sharon A.; Shelly, Erin E.] USA, ECBC, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Sommerville, DR (reprint author), USA, ECBC, Washington, DC 20310 USA. FU Department of Homeland Security, Chemical Security Analysis Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD [SP0700-00-D-3180] FX This study was funded by the Department of Homeland Security, Chemical Security Analysis Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, under Contract SP0700-00-D-3180 The study is documented in the following technical report; Sommerville DR, Bray JJ, Reutter-Christy SA, Jablonski RE and Shelly EE, Review and Assessment of Chlorine Mammalian Lethality Data and the Development of a Human Estimate, CBRNIAC-SS3-628 Department of Homeland Security, Chemical Security Analysis Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 23 January 2008 NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2010 VL 15 IS 3 BP 59 EP 86 PG 28 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 684MY UT WOS:000284555200005 ER PT J AU Scharine, AA Letowski, TR Mermagen, T Henry, PP AF Scharine, Angelique A. Letowski, Tomasz R. Mermagen, Timothy Henry, Paula P. TI Learning to Detect and Identify Acoustic Environments From Reflected Sound SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERCEPTION; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; LISTENERS; BLIND; BALLS; ROOMS; SIZE AB Reflected sounds are often treated as an acoustic problem because they produce false localization cues and decrease speech intelligibility. However, their properties are shaped by the acoustic properties of the environment and therefore are a potential source of information about that environment. The objective of this study was to determine whether information carried by reflected sounds can be used by listeners to enhance their awareness of their auditory environment. Twelve listeners participated in two auditory training tasks in which they learned to identify three environments based on a limited subset of sounds and then were tested to determine whether they could transfer that learning to new, unfamiliar sounds. Results showed that significant learning occurred despite the task difficulty. An analysis of stimulus attributes suggests that it is easiest to learn to identify reflected sound when it occurs in sounds with longer decay times and broadly distributed dominant spectral components. C1 [Scharine, Angelique A.; Letowski, Tomasz R.; Mermagen, Timothy; Henry, Paula P.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Scharine, AA (reprint author), RDRL HRS D, Bldg 520, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM ascharine@arl.army.mil NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 BP 24 EP 40 DI 10.1080/08995600903206461 PG 17 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 557AS UT WOS:000274640500003 ER PT J AU Cabrera, OA Bliese, PD Hoge, CW Castro, CA Messer, SC AF Cabrera, Oscar A. Bliese, Paul D. Hoge, Charles W. Castro, Carl A. Messer, Stephen C. TI Aggressiveness and Perceived Marital Quality: The Moderating Role of a Family-Supportive Work Climate SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILEVEL MODELS; LIFE-COURSE; SATISFACTION; VARIABLES; CONFLICT; CONTEXT; MARRIAGE; ECOLOGY; STRESS; IMPACT AB We examined the role of contextualized, group-level ratings of a family-supportive work climate on the link between individuals' aggressiveness and marital quality in a sample of 1,604 married male active duty soldiers from brigades in the southeastern United States. Results of multilevel analyses showed that group-level ratings of a family-supportive work climate moderated the negative individual-level link between aggressiveness and marital quality. Findings suggest that the negative association between aggressiveness and perceived marital quality may be influenced by how well the organization fosters a climate that is supportive of married soldiers' family responsibilities. Implications for work climate research and organizational policy in the military are discussed. C1 [Cabrera, Oscar A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Castro, Carl A.] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Messer, Stephen C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cabrera, OA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM oscar.cabrera@us.army.mil RI Messer, Stephen/B-6198-2012 OI Messer, Stephen/0000-0003-0503-9695 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1080/08995600903417159 PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 557AS UT WOS:000274640500005 ER PT J AU Durlach, PJ Bowens, LD AF Durlach, Paula J. Bowens, Laticia D. TI Effect of Icon Affiliation and Distance Moved on Detection of Icon Position Change on a Situation Awareness Display SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY AB Continuous gradual change is often difficult to detect, although it may be easy to detect the difference between the initial and end state if directly compared. Two experiments examined people's ability to detect gradual changes in icon position on a situation awareness map. People observed sequences of icon moves that consisted of ten .9-mm colinear moves or five 8.75-mm colinear moves and reported when they noticed a change. The relatively small moves were less likely to be detected than the relatively large moves; however, an entire sequence of the .9 mm moves was rarely missed. Green icon moves were significantly less likely to be detected than blue or yellow icon moves. This may have been due to the stimulus features of the icons or those features in interaction with the map background. Various methods that might assist icon change detection are discussed. C1 [Durlach, Paula J.] USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Bowens, Laticia D.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Durlach, PJ (reprint author), USA, Res Inst, ATTN DAPE ARI I F Durlach, 12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM Paula.Durlach@us.army.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 2 BP 98 EP 109 AR PII 920992322 DI 10.1080/08995601003638926 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 595ZT UT WOS:000277653700002 ER PT J AU Orvis, KA Moore, JC Belanich, J Murphy, JS Horn, DB AF Orvis, Karin A. Moore, Jennifer C. Belanich, James Murphy, Jennifer S. Horn, Daniel B. TI Are Soldiers Gamers? Videogame Usage among Soldiers and Implications for the Effective Use of Serious Videogames for Military Training SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOTIVATION AB Videogames are increasingly being used for military training. One assumption is that the majority of soldiers play videogames regularly; however, research by Orvis, Horn, and Belanich (2009) found that only approximately 40% of U.S. Military Academy cadets reported moderate to heavy game-play. Given that cadets may be a special population, this research examines the frequency of videogame usage across the U.S. Army. Results indicate that fewer than 43% of over 10,000 soldiers surveyed play videogames at least weekly. Junior enlisted soldiers report the highest frequency (51-59%), whereas senior enlisted/officer ranks play much less (11-37%). Implications for utilizing serious videogames for military training are discussed. C1 [Orvis, Karin A.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Psychol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Moore, Jennifer C.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Belanich, James; Murphy, Jennifer S.] USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Arlington, VA USA. [Horn, Daniel B.] Booz Allen Hamilton, Mclean, VA USA. RP Orvis, KA (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Psychol, 250 Mills Godwin Bldg, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM korvis@odu.edu RI Orvis, Karin/A-2523-2009 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 2 BP 143 EP 157 AR PII 920987526 DI 10.1080/08995600903417225 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 595ZT UT WOS:000277653700005 ER PT J AU Griffith, J AF Griffith, James TI Citizens Coping as Soldiers: A Review of Deployment Stress Symptoms Among Reservists SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; OPERATION DESERT-STORM; COMPONENT SOLDIERS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; FULL-TIME; COMBAT; DISORDER; IRAQ; MOBILIZATION AB The present study provides a summary of studies examining the prevalence of posttraumatic stress (PTSD) and related symptoms among reserve personnel deployed during Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. The few extant studies showed that in-theater and shortly after returning from deployment, reserve and active duty personnel had similar rates of PTSD and related symptoms. Sometime after deployment, reserve personnel reported higher rates of PTSD and related symptoms than active duty personnel. A work stress model is used to develop several possible explanations of findings, having implications for practices to reduce stress symptoms among reservists and for improving research and theory of future studies examining PTSD and related symptoms among reservists. C1 [Griffith, James] USA, Natl Guard, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Griffith, J (reprint author), 10956 Bellehaven Blvd, Damascus, MD 20872 USA. EM GriffithJH@verizon.net NR 65 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 2 BP 176 EP 206 AR PII 920991512 DI 10.1080/08995601003638967 PG 31 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 595ZT UT WOS:000277653700007 ER PT J AU Picchioni, D Cabrera, OA McGurk, D Thomas, JL Castro, CA Balkin, TJ Bliese, PD Hoge, CW AF Picchioni, Dante Cabrera, Oscar A. McGurk, Dennis Thomas, Jeffrey L. Castro, Carl A. Balkin, Thomas J. Bliese, Paul D. Hoge, Charles W. TI Sleep Symptoms as a Partial Mediator Between Combat Stressors and Other Mental Health Symptoms in Iraq War Veterans SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMAGERY REHEARSAL THERAPY; POSTTRAUMATIC NIGHTMARES; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PRIMARY INSOMNIA; DEPRESSION; DISTURBANCES; PTSD; CHECKLIST; FREQUENCY; SECONDARY AB Sleep symptoms are a prominent feature of mental health disorders like PTSD and depression. However, it is unknown whether sleep symptoms mediate the relationship between combat stress and these disorders. We examined the mediating role of sleep symptoms on the relationship between combat stress and PTSD; and the relationship between combat stress and depression using data from 576 Army veterans of the Iraq War surveyed in 2004. Correlational analyses revealed that when insomnia was included in the model, the correlation between combat stressors and other depression symptoms decreased by 65%; and when nightmares were included in the model, the correlation between combat stressors and other PTSD symptoms decreased by 69%. We replicated these analyses using individual items assessing PTSD and depression and found that the insomnia and nightmare items had the largest and second largest mediation effect between combat stressors and PTSD and depression symptoms. Our result support the theory that sleep symptoms contribute to the development and/or maintenance of other mental health symptoms and that early treatment of sleep symptoms may mitigate the other mental health consequences of combat stress. C1 [Picchioni, Dante; Cabrera, Oscar A.; McGurk, Dennis; Thomas, Jeffrey L.; Castro, Carl A.; Balkin, Thomas J.; Bliese, Paul D.; Hoge, Charles W.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Dept Behav Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Picchioni, D (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Dept Behav Biol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dante.picchioni@amedd.army.mil NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 3 BP 340 EP 355 AR PII 924299363 DI 10.1080/08995605.2010.491844 PG 16 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 624UV UT WOS:000279848100006 ER PT J AU Hammermeister, J Pickering, MA McGraw, L Ohlson, C AF Hammermeister, Jon Pickering, Michael A. McGraw, Leigh Ohlson, Carl TI Relationship Between Psychological Skill Profiles and Soldier Physical Fitness Performance SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OLYMPIC PERFORMANCE; SPORT; MILITARY; INTERVENTIONS; PERCEPTIONS; STRATEGIES; CHAMPIONS; ATLANTA AB We examine the structure of soldier's psychological skills and assess the relationship between psychological skills profiles and physical performance with data from 427 soldiers from a Stryker Brigade. Exploratory factor analyses results provided empirical support for a three-factor structure that included foundation skills, psychosomatic skills, and cognitive skills. Cluster analysis revealed three emergent psychological skills profile groups: (a) strong skills, (b) weak skills, and (c) fearful focus clusters. Soldiers in the strong psychological skill profile group performed better than their peers in the other profile groups on the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) performance measure. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory, research, and practice. C1 [Hammermeister, Jon; Pickering, Michael A.; Ohlson, Carl] USA, Ctr Enhanced Performance, US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [McGraw, Leigh] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Nursing Res Serv, Ft Lewis, WA USA. RP Hammermeister, J (reprint author), USA, Ctr Enhanced Performance, US Mil Acad, 745A Brewerton Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Jon.Hammermeister@us.army.mil NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 399 EP 411 AR PII 927982044 DI 10.1080/08995605.2010.513238 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 664PY UT WOS:000282975700003 ER PT J AU Hannah, ST Jennings, PL Nobel, OBY AF Hannah, Sean T. Jennings, Peter L. Nobel, Orly Ben-Yoav TI Tactical Military Leader Requisite Complexity: Toward a Referent Structure SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL COMPLEXITY; ADAPTIVE PERFORMANCE; TRANSACTIVE MEMORY; SELF-COMPLEXITY; IDENTITY; MODEL; ADAPTABILITY; KNOWLEDGE; SKILL; MOTIVATION AB The U.S. Army has focused on developing leader competencies in order to promote adaptability for asymmetric warfare. Expanding leader adaptive capacity, however, requires integrating competencies with deeper knowledge structures and leader identity. We conduct a three-stage exploratory study using semistructured interviews and three separate samples of experienced combat leaders to assess the organization of tactical leader functional roles. We identify the breadth of roles, tasks, skills, and attributes representative of expert tactical military leaders. We hope to take a first step in circumscribing the requisite cognitive and behavioral complexity required of tactical leaders and thereby provide a referent structure for future research on what constitutes requisite complexity for tactical military leaders. C1 [Hannah, Sean T.] US Mil Acad, USA, Ctr Army Profess & Eth, Training & Doctrine Command, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Jennings, Peter L.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Management, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Nobel, Orly Ben-Yoav] US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Hannah, ST (reprint author), US Mil Acad, USA, Ctr Army Profess & Eth, Training & Doctrine Command, 646 Swift Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Sean.Hannah@usma.edu NR 125 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 412 EP 449 AR PII 927982112 DI 10.1080/08995605.2010.513253 PG 38 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 664PY UT WOS:000282975700004 ER PT B AU Bilchik, AJ Gonzalez, MM Stojadinovic, A AF Bilchik, Anton J. Gonzalez, Maria M. Stojadinovic, Alexander BE Greene, FL Heniford, T TI The Applications of Sentinel Lymph Node to Cancer SO MINIMALLY INVASIVE CANCER MANAGEMENT, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CELL LUNG-CANCER; EARLY-STAGE MELANOMA; ROUTINE AXILLARY DISSECTION; SURGICAL ADJUVANT BREAST; RESECTABLE COLON-CANCER; GASTRIC-CANCER; MULTICENTER TRIAL; NECK-CANCER; ORAL-CAVITY; NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY C1 [Bilchik, Anton J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bilchik, Anton J.] Calif Oncol Res Inst, Santa Monica, CA 90403 USA. [Gonzalez, Maria M.] St Joseph Hosp, Ctr Canc Prevent & Treatment, Orange, CA 92868 USA. [Stojadinovic, Alexander] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bilchik, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 137 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-1237-4 PY 2010 BP 343 EP 358 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1238-1_25 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1238-1 PG 16 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA BRB23 UT WOS:000282298500025 ER PT S AU Deaver, DM Kang, R Tran, V Oxford, D AF Deaver, Dawne M. Kang, Robin Tran, Vinh Oxford, David BE Kelmelis, EJ TI PerSEval phase I: development of a 3D urban terrain model for evaluation of persistent surveillance sensors and video-based tracking algorithms SO MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR DEFENSE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Defence Systems and Applications V CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Persistent Surveillance; Infrared Simulation; Traffic Modeling; Airborne Sensor; Test Bed AB PerSEval is a modeling and simulation tool being developed for end-to-end evaluation of airborne persistent surveillance imaging sensor systems. This class of sensor systems is characterized by having a wide coverage area over an extended period of time and operating in either visible or thermal infrared wavebands. Current operational systems are heavily used by image analysts for tracking vehicles or dismounted personnel, with an emphasis in urban areas of interest. Future persistent surveillance systems will include automated ground target tracking algorithms to alleviate analyst workload. As a system evaluation tool, PerSEval will include dependencies on the scenario, platform, sensor, processing, and tracking algorithm. This paper describes the overall PerSEval architecture as well as the first phase of development which focuses on the creation of a three-dimensional urban terrain simulation appropriate for the evaluation of automated tracking algorithms. C1 [Deaver, Dawne M.] USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Deaver, DM (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Dr, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8169-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7705 AR 770508 DI 10.1117/12.850421 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSU89 UT WOS:000285842000005 ER PT S AU Schleper, R Gaughan, C Kierzewski, MO Dunmire, C Salvi, L Fann, J Kellihan, B AF Schleper, Roger Gaughan, Chris Kierzewski, Michael O. Dunmire, Carolyn Salvi, Luci Fann, Joey Kellihan, Bret BE Kelmelis, EJ TI Individual Warfighter Effectiveness and Survivability in a CBRN Threat Environment SO MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR DEFENSE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Modeling and Simulation for Defence Systems and Applications V CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE CBRN; Dismounted Infantry; C3; Human Performance; MATREX AB The effort described in this paper attempts to enhance the state-of-the-art to model high-fidelity (hi-fi) dismounted infantry interactions with a realistic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) hazard. There is limited CBRN Modeling & Simulation (M&S) capability for research, training and doctrine development. Although numerous ground and plume hazards simulations exist, few model the entire problem space. To this end, the following three hi-fi simulations were federated: 1) The Infantry Warrior Simulation (IWARS); 2) The Command Control, and Communications Human Performance Model (C3HPM); and, 3) The CBRN Simulation Suite via High Level Architecture (HLA) using the Modeling Architecture for Technology, Research and EXperimentation (MATREX) architecture. The goal of this federation is to provide an integrated capability that will allow analysis of CBRN sensors and Warfighter protective equipment in the context of a complex battlefield environment with dismounted infantry missions/tactics. The IWARS provides representation of dismounted entities and their decisions/physical tasks in a battlefield environment. The C3HPM provides task degradation data due to presence of various CBRN threats and due to wearing of CBRN protective equipment. The CBRN Sim Suite provides dynamic threat events/propagation, high fidelity CBRN sensor representations with tactical message output, CBRN injury based on exposure dosage/concentration and entity protection. C1 [Schleper, Roger] USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Schleper, R (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8169-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7705 AR 77050M DI 10.1117/12.851903 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSU89 UT WOS:000285842000017 ER PT J AU Marian, J Venturini, G Hansen, BL Knap, J Ortiz, M Campbell, GH AF Marian, J. Venturini, G. Hansen, B. L. Knap, J. Ortiz, M. Campbell, G. H. TI Finite-temperature extension of the quasicontinuum method using Langevin dynamics: entropy losses and analysis of errors SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; VARIATIONAL INTEGRATORS; NUMERICAL-INTEGRATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; THERMAL-EXPANSION; FREE-ENERGY; SOLIDS; SIMULATIONS; ALGORITHMS AB The concurrent bridging of molecular dynamics and continuum thermodynamics presents a number of challenges, mostly associated with energy transmission and changes in the constitutive description of a material across domain boundaries. In this paper, we propose a framework for simulating coarse dynamic systems in the canonical ensemble using the quasicontinuum method (QC). The equations of motion are expressed in reduced QC coordinates and are strictly derived from dissipative Lagrangian mechanics. The derivation naturally leads to a classical Langevin implementation where the timescale is governed by vibrations emanating from the finest length scale occurring in the computational cell. The equations of motion are integrated explicitly via Newmark's (beta = 0; gamma = 1/2) method, which is parametrized to ensure overdamped dynamics. In this fashion, spurious heating due to reflected vibrations is suppressed, leading to stable canonical trajectories. To estimate the errors introduced by the QC reduction in the resulting dynamics, we have quantified the vibrational entropy losses in Al uniform meshes by calculating the thermal expansion coefficient for a number of conditions. We find that the entropic depletion introduced by coarsening varies linearly with the element size and is independent of the nodal cluster diameter. We rationalize the results in terms of the system, mesh and cluster sizes within the framework of the quasiharmonic approximation. The limitations of the method and alternatives to mitigate the errors introduced by coarsening are discussed. This work represents the first of a series of studies aimed at developing a fully non-equilibrium finite-temperature extension of QC. C1 [Marian, J.; Campbell, G. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Venturini, G.; Hansen, B. L.; Ortiz, M.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Knap, J.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Marian, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM marian1@llnl.gov RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010 NR 70 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 AR 015003 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/18/1/015003 PG 31 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 532ZX UT WOS:000272791800003 ER PT B AU Leberg, PL Athrey, GNR Barr, KR Lindsay, DL Lance, RF Etterson, JR Holmstrom, RM AF Leberg, Paul L. Athrey, Giridhar N. R. Barr, Kelly R. Lindsay, Denise L. Lance, Richard F. Etterson, Julie R. Holmstrom, Rebecca M. BE DeWoody, JA Bickham, JW Michler, CH Nichols, KM Rhodes, OE Woeste, KE TI Implications of landscape alteration for the conservation of genetic diversity of endangered species SO MOLECULAR APPROACHES IN NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GOLDEN-CHEEKED WARBLER; BLACK-CAPPED VIREO; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; RESTRICTED DISPERSAL; MICROSATELLITE DNA; FLOW; CONSEQUENCES; DIFFERENTIATION; EXTINCTION C1 [Leberg, Paul L.; Athrey, Giridhar N. R.; Barr, Kelly R.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Lindsay, Denise L.; Lance, Richard F.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Etterson, Julie R.; Holmstrom, Rebecca M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Leberg, PL (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. NR 107 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA BN 978-0-521-51564-1 PY 2010 BP 212 EP 238 PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTP04 UT WOS:000287675400010 ER PT J AU Kehn-Hall, K Bavari, S AF Kehn-Hall, Kylene Bavari, Sina BE Patrinos, GP Ansorge, WJ TI Detection of Highly Pathogenic Viral Agents: Implications for Therapeutics, Vaccines and Biodefense SO MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; TIME RT-PCR; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE-PCR; FLUOROGENIC 5'-NUCLEASE ASSAY; PRIMER-TEMPLATE MISMATCHES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FILOVIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; MARBURG VIRUS-INFECTION; EBOLA-VIRUS; RENAL-SYNDROME C1 [Kehn-Hall, Kylene] George Washington Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Trop Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Bavari, Sina] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Kehn-Hall, K (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Trop Med, 2300 I St NW,Ross Hall,Room 551, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RI Kehn-Hall, Kylene/I-5752-2013 NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092318-5 PY 2010 BP 417 EP 429 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374537-8.00028-6 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BCO38 UT WOS:000310852300031 ER PT J AU Li, QG Weina, PJ AF Li, Qigui Weina, Peter J. TI Severe Embryotoxicity of Artemisinin Derivatives in Experimental Animals, but Possibly Safe in Pregnant Women SO MOLECULES LA English DT Review DE Artemisinins; artesunate; dihydroartemisinin; embryotoxicity; pharmacokinetics; pregnant animals; pregnant women ID UNCOMPLICATED FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; RESISTANT PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; DRUG DIHYDROARTEMISININ DHA; ARTESUNATE-ATOVAQUONE-PROGUANIL; IN-VITRO; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; PREVENTION PROGRAMS; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; RESCUE TREATMENT AB Preclinical studies in rodents have demonstrated that artemisinins, especially injectable artesunate, can induce fetal death and congenital malformations at a low dose range. The embryotoxicity can be induced in those animals only within a narrow window in early embryogenesis. Evidence was presented that the mechanism by which embryotoxicity of artemisinins occurs seems to be limited to fetal erythropoiesis and vasculogenesis/angiogenesis on the very earliest developing red blood cells, causing severe anemia in the embryos with higher drug peak concentrations. However, this embryotoxicity has not been convincingly observed in clinical trials from 1,837 pregnant women, including 176 patients in the first trimester exposed to an artemisinin agent or artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) from 1989 to 2009. In the rodent, the sensitive early red cells are produced synchronously over one day with single or multiple exposures to the drug can result in a high proportion of cell deaths. In contrast, primates required a longer period of treatment of 12 days to induce such embryonic loss. In humans only limited information is available about this stage of red cell development; however, it is known to take place over a longer time period, and it may well be that a limited period of treatment of 2 to 3 days for malaria would not produce serious toxic effects. In addition, current oral intake, the most commonly used route of administration in pregnant women with an ACT, results in lower peak concentration and shorter exposure time of artemisinins that demonstrated that such a concentration-course profile is unlikely to induce the embryotoxicity. When relating the animal and human toxicity of artemisinins, the different drug sensitive period and pharmacokinetic profiles as reviewed in the present report may provide a great margin of safety in the pregnant women. C1 [Li, Qigui; Weina, Peter J.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Li, QG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM qigui.li@amedd.army.mil FU United States Army Research and Materiel Command FX This study was supported by the United States Army Research and Materiel Command. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the author and are not to be construed as official, or as reflecting true views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-3049 J9 MOLECULES JI Molecules PD JAN PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 40 EP 57 DI 10.3390/molecules15010040 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 548WK UT WOS:000274000000004 PM 20110870 ER PT B AU Hakami, RM Alves, DA AF Hakami, Ramin Mollaaghababa Alves, Derron A. BE Tyring, SK Moore, AY Lupi, O TI Filoviruses: Pathology and Effects on the Innate Immune Response SO MUCOCUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF VIRAL DISEASES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; VIRUS-INFECTED PATIENTS; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; MARBURG VIRUS; DENDRITIC CELLS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; PATHOGENESIS; GLYCOPROTEINS; VACCINE; KIKWIT C1 [Hakami, Ramin Mollaaghababa] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Fac Res Participat Program, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. [Hakami, Ramin Mollaaghababa; Alves, Derron A.] US Army, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. RP Hakami, RM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Fac Res Participat Program, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL ST, LONDON, EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4200-7313-3; 978-1-4200-7312-6 PY 2010 BP 368 EP 374 D2 10.3109/9781420073133 PG 7 WC Dermatology; Virology SC Dermatology; Virology GA BD6NE UT WOS:000362405300018 ER PT S AU Burks, SD Doe, JM AF Burks, Stephen D. Doe, Joshua M. BE Braun, JJ TI Dynamic image fusion and general observer preference SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms and Applications 2010 CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Recent developments in image fusion give the user community many options for ways of presenting the imagery to an end-user. Individuals at the US Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate have developed an electronic system that allows users to quickly and efficiently determine optimal image fusion algorithms and color parameters based upon collected imagery and videos from environments that are typical to observers in a military environment. After performing multiple multi-band data collections in a variety of military-like scenarios, different waveband, fusion algorithm, image post-processing, and color choices are presented to observers as an output of the fusion system. The observer preferences can give guidelines as to how specific scenarios should affect the presentation of fused imagery. C1 [Burks, Stephen D.; Doe, Joshua M.] USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Burks, SD (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RI Doe, Jane/B-8500-2015 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8174-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7710 AR 77100N DI 10.1117/12.850885 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSO05 UT WOS:000285049500018 ER PT S AU Kelley, TD Avery, E AF Kelley, Troy Dale Avery, Eric BE Braun, JJ TI A Cognitive Robotics System: The Symbolic and Subsymbolic Robotics Intelligence Control System (SS-RICS) SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms and Applications 2010 CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE cognitive architectures; robotics; cognition; working memory; context ID NEURAL NETWORK AB This paper will detail the progress on the development of the Symbolic and Subsymbolic Robotics Intelligence Control System (SS-RICS). The system is a goal oriented production system, based loosely on the cognitive architecture, the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) some additions and changes. We have found that in order to simulate complex cognition on a robot, many aspects of cognition (long term memory (LTM), perception) needed to be in place before any generalized intelligent behavior can be produced. In working with ACT-R, we found that it was a good instantiation of working memory, but that we needed to add other aspects of cognition including LTM and perception to have a complete cognitive system. Our progress to date will be noted and the challenges that remain will be addressed. C1 [Kelley, Troy Dale; Avery, Eric] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. RP Kelley, TD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. EM troy.kelley@us.army.mil; eric.s.avery@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8174-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7710 AR 77100I DI 10.1117/12.853349 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSO05 UT WOS:000285049500014 ER PT J AU Chiang, LY Anandakathir, R Hauck, TS Lee, L Canteenwala, T Padmawar, PA Pritzker, K Bruno, FF Samuelson, LA AF Chiang, Long Y. Anandakathir, Robinson Hauck, Tanya S. Lee, Lawrence Canteenwala, Taizoon Padmawar, Prashant A. Pritzker, Kenneth Bruno, Ferdinando F. Samuelson, Lynne A. TI Synthesis of covalently attached hexadecaanilines on carbon nanotubes: toward electronic nanocarbon preparation SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID DIAZONIUM SALTS; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; POLYANILINE; COMPOSITE; SUPERCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS; POLYMERIZATION; PERFORMANCE; FUNCTIONALIZATION AB We describe the direct covalent-grafting synthesis of well-defined aniline oligomers, such as tetraaniline (A(4)) and hexadecaaniline (A(16), major)/eicosaaniline (A(20), minor), on the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), via dediazonization reaction, for achieving highly soluble nanomaterials suitable for printing purposes, with long-term physical stability. Chemically grafting a layer of electroactive hexadecaanilines on CNTs resembles semiconductive encapsulation of functionalized CNTs. The resulting covalent nanoconjugates SWNT-(A(4))(x), MWNT-(A(4))(x), SWNT-(A(16/20))(x), and MWNT-(A(16/20))(x) were characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic mapping methods. The combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analyses provided direct evidence for A(16/20) attachment to the CNTs, giving confirmation of the presence of heteroatoms surrounding the CNTs that was absent in the parent CNTs. Subsequent atom mapping in the vicinity of the tube structure allowed us to illustrate the 3D distribution of heteroatoms along the CNT surface. C1 [Chiang, Long Y.; Anandakathir, Robinson; Canteenwala, Taizoon; Padmawar, Prashant A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Hauck, Tanya S.; Lee, Lawrence; Pritzker, Kenneth] Univ Toronto, Pathol & Lab Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bruno, Ferdinando F.; Samuelson, Lynne A.] USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Chiang, LY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Long_Chiang@uml.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0380, FA9550-09-1-0183]; U.S. Army Soldier Command [DAAD16-01-C-0011] FX The authors at UML thank the support of Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the grant numbers FA9550-09-1-0380 and FA9550-09-1-0183 and U.S. Army Soldier Command under the contract number DAAD16-01-C-0011. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2010 VL 2 IS 4 BP 535 EP 541 DI 10.1039/b9nr00255c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 580SK UT WOS:000276469800011 PM 20644756 ER PT S AU Wagner, GW AF Wagner, George W. BE Erickson, LE Koodali, RT Richards, RM TI Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents with Nanosize Metal Oxides SO NANOSCALE MATERIALS IN CHEMISTRY : ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 237th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Chem Soc ID VX; HD; GD; AL2O3; MAS AB Chemical warfare agents (CWA) VX, GD, and HD react with nanosize metal oxides to form non-toxic product, thus affording their decontamination. Reactions of these CWA with several nanocrystalline reactive sorbents of varied particle size and surface area are examined with regard to both reaction kinetics and their ability to decontaminate Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC) paint, used on military vehicles. The results are compared to the currently-fielded Sorbent Decon System (SDS) A-200 sorbent. For VX the best sorbent was nTiO(2) which exhibited a half-life for sorbed VX of less than 2 min. Half-lives of tens-of-minutes were observed for GD on nTiO(2), nMgO, and the commercial FAST-ACT (R) sorbent. Half-lives of a few to many hours were observed for HD on nAl(2)O(3), nTiO(2), FAST-ACT (R), and A-200, but only with sufficient surface hydration. With regard to reactivity only, A-200 did not perform as well as the nanocrystalline sorbents, especially for VX and GD. However, all of the sorbents, A-200 included, provided for the comparable removal/decontamination of HD and GD from CARC panels, ca. 75 % and 87 %, respectively. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Attn RDCB DRP R, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Wagner, GW (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Attn RDCB DRP R, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM george.wagner@us.army.mil NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2555-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1045 BP 125 EP 136 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVJ54 UT WOS:000291666300007 ER PT S AU Ruffin, PB Edwards, E Brantley, C McDonald, B AF Ruffin, Paul B. Edwards, Eugene Brantley, Christina McDonald, Brian BE Varadan, VK TI Exploratory Procedures with Carbon Nanotube-based Sensors for Propellant Degradation Determinations SO NANOSENSORS, BIOSENSORS, AND INFO-TECH SENSORS AND SYSTEMS 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanosensors, Biosensors, and Info-Tech Sensors and Systems CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mechan Engn DE Propellant; rocket motor; off-gassing; automated testing; shelf-life; degradation; weaponry ID SOLID-PROPELLANT AB Exploratory research is conducted at the US Army Aviation & Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) in order to perform assessments of the degradation of solid propellant used in rocket motors. Efforts are made to discontinue and/or minimize destructive methods and utilize nondestructive techniques to assure the quality and reliability of the weaponry's propulsion system. Collaborative efforts were successfully made between AMRDEC and NASA-Ames for potential add-on configurations to a previously designed sensor that AMRDEC plan to use for preliminary detection of off-gassing. Evaluations were made in order to use the design as the introductory component for the determination of shelf-life degradation rate of rocket motors. Previous and subsequent sensor designs utilize functionalized single-walled carbon nano-tubes (SWCNTs) as the key sensing element. On-going research is conducted to consider key changes that can be implemented (for the existing sensor design) such that a complete wireless sensor system design can be realized. Results should be a cost-saving and timely approach to enhance the Army's ability to develop methodologies for measuring weaponry off-gassing and simultaneously detecting explosives. Expectations are for the resulting sensors to enhance the warfighters' ability to simultaneously detect a greater variety of analytes. Outlined in this paper are the preliminary results that have been accomplished for this research. The behavior of the SWCNT sensor at storage temperatures is outlined, along with the initial sensor response to propellant related analytes. Preparatory computer-based programming routines and computer controlled instrumentation scenarios have been developed in order to subsequently minimize subjective interpretation of test results and provide a means for obtaining data that is reasonable and repetitively quantitative. Typical laboratory evaluation methods are likewise presented, and program limitations/barriers are outlined. C1 [Ruffin, Paul B.; Edwards, Eugene; Brantley, Christina; McDonald, Brian] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, ATTN AMSRD RDMR, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Ruffin, PB (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, ATTN AMSRD RDMR, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM paul.ruffin@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8061-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7646 AR 764602 DI 10.1117/12.849558 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSQ85 UT WOS:000285502000001 ER PT S AU Zunino, JL Iqbal, Z AF Zunino, James L., III Iqbal, Zafar BE Varadan, VK TI Thermal indicating paints for ammunition health monitoring SO NANOSENSORS, BIOSENSORS, AND INFO-TECH SENSORS AND SYSTEMS 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanosensors, Biosensors, and Info-Tech Sensors and Systems CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers (ASME) DE Army; thermal paints; thermochromic; ammunition; PDAs ID POLYDIACETYLENE; TRANSITIONS AB Thermochromic semiconductive polymers that change color in response to external stimuli, such as heat and radiation, can be utilized to monitor the temperature range and elapsed time profiles of stored and prepositioned munitions. These polymers are being tailored to create paints and coatings that will alert Army logistic staff of dangerous temperature exposures. Irreversible indication via color change in multiple thermal bands, 145 F - 164 F (63 degrees-73 degrees C), 165 F - 184 F (74 degrees - 84 degrees C) and over 185 F (> 85 degrees C) are possible with these thermochromic polymers. The resulting active coating can be visually inspected to determine if safe temperatures were exceeded. More detailed information, including cumulative time of exposure in certain temperature bands through changes in optical chromaticity describing the vividness or dullness of a color, can be assessed using a hand-held optical densitometer. C1 [Zunino, James L., III] USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, RDAR MEE M, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Zunino, JL (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, RDAR MEE M, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8061-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7646 AR 76461K DI 10.1117/12.847654 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSQ85 UT WOS:000285502000040 ER PT J AU Alexander, D Rummler, D Mohtashamian, A Robinson, G Zahzah, M Farr, CT Poole, GE AF Alexander, Dwight Rummler, David Mohtashamian, Aydin Robinson, George Zahzah, Mohamad Farr, Christopher T. Poole, Gregory E. TI Hybrid Electric Drive Evaluation for CG 47 Class Guided Missile Cruisers SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The hybrid electric drive (HED) topology has been studied and reported on for application to the DDG 51 class guided missile destroyers. The Navy tasked an industry team comprised of Northrop Grumman and L-3 Power Paragon to complete a sizing and concept study to apply the HED concept to the CG 47 class guided missile cruisers. This paper reports on the results of this study, including system architecture and sizing, impact on fuel use and emissions and technical hurdles. Additionally, key component developments are reported, including an electric machine topology and sizing study completed by Curtiss Wright Electro-Mechanical Division. C1 [Zahzah, Mohamad] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Elect Engn, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Mohtashamian, Aydin] USA, Washington, DC USA. RP Alexander, D (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Marine Syst, Sunnyvale, CA USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2010 VL 122 IS 2 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2010.00269.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 703SE UT WOS:000286000800003 ER PT J AU Weeks, SR Tsao, JW AF Weeks, Sharon R. Tsao, Jack W. TI Incorporation of another person's limb into body image relieves phantom limb pain: A case study SO NEUROCASE LA English DT Article DE Amputation; Phantom limb pain; Body image; Observation; Sensory mirror neurons ID PREMOTOR CORTEX; STUMP PAIN; AMPUTEES; PERCEPTION AB Phantom limb phenomena are well characterized, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report a patient who relieves his phantom sensations and pain, experienced as itching and cramping, through scratching or massaging his prosthesis or the leg of another person. This pain relief occurs only when phantom limb sensations are present. We hypothesize that symptom relief results from incorporation of the foreign limb into the patient's body image, mediated by the sensory mirror neuron system, relieving pain by restoring concordance between sensory systems. C1 [Weeks, Sharon R.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Tsao, Jack W.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Weeks, SR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, Bldg 2,Room 2J51,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM sharon.weeks1@us.army.mil OI Weeks, Sharon/0000-0002-9952-9136 FU Military Amputee Research Program FX We are thankful to Mr Joseph Yetto, Ms Victoria Anderson-Barnes, and Ms Caitlin McAuliffe for their thoughtful comments on the manuscript. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. Support was received from the Military Amputee Research Program. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1355-4794 J9 NEUROCASE JI Neurocase PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 461 EP 465 AR PII 921668417 DI 10.1080/13554791003730592 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 685LE UT WOS:000284629400001 PM 20425663 ER PT B AU Bernstein, JGW AF Bernstein, Joshua G. W. BE LopezPoveda, EA Palmer, AR TI Why Do Hearing-Impaired Listeners Fail to Benefit from Masker Fluctuations? SO NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL BASES OF AUDITORY PERCEPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Hearing CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL Salamanca, SPAIN SP Med Elect, Hear Life DE Speech intelligibility; Intensity importance function; Masking release; Modulated noise; Interfering talker ID TEMPORAL FINE-STRUCTURE; SPEECH-RECEPTION THRESHOLD; MASKING RELEASE; INTERFERING SPEECH; MODULATED NOISE; INTELLIGIBILITY; ABILITY; BACKGROUNDS; RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION AB Hearing-impaired (HI) listeners do not receive as much benefit to speech intelligibility from fluctuating maskers, relative to stationary noise, as normal-hearing (NH) listeners. Investigators have focused on reduced audibility, deficits in spectral or temporal resolution, or limited cues for target-source separation as possible underlying causes of the reduced FMB. An alternative possibility is that the FMB differences may arise as a consequence of differences in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at which HI and NH listeners are tested. The Extended Speech Intelligibility Index (ESII) was fit to NH data, and then used to make FMB predictions for a variety of results in the literature. Using this approach, reduced FMB for HI listeners and NH listeners presented with distorted speech was accounted for by SNR differences in many cases. HI listeners may retain more of an ability to listen in the gaps of a fluctuating masker than previously thought. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bernstein, JGW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM joshua.g.bernstein@us.army.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-5685-9 PY 2010 BP 609 EP 619 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5686-6_55 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Neurosciences SC Acoustics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BVA26 UT WOS:000290883800055 ER PT J AU Moore, DF Jaffee, MS AF Moore, David F. Jaffee, Michael S. TI Military traumatic brain injury and blast SO NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Editorial Material AB The effects of blast on biological tissue are documented for some organ systems such as the lung. In the central nervous system (CNS) the mechanism of CNS injury following blast wave is unclear. For example is there a selective effect of blast on varying brain region or white matter bundles. The effect of blast on traumatic brain injury (TBI) has come into particular focus with the Global War on Terror and Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom where TBI has become known as the signature injury of these conflicts. The reason for the prominence of TBI in these particular conflicts as opposed to others is unclear but may result from the increased survivability of blast due to improvements in body armor. In the current series of articles in the Journal some developments of current research concepts in relation to military traumatic brain injury (TBI) are highlighted together with many remaining unsolved questions. C1 [Moore, David F.; Jaffee, Michael S.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20309 USA. [Moore, David F.] MIT, Inst Soldier Nanotechnol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Moore, DF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Bldg 1,Room B207,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20309 USA. EM david.f.moore@amedd.army.mil NR 5 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1053-8135 J9 NEUROREHABILITATION JI Neurorehabilitation PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 179 EP 181 DI 10.3233/NRE-2010-0553 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 603OQ UT WOS:000278218300001 PM 20448307 ER PT J AU Drake, AI Meyer, KS Cessante, LM Cheung, CR Cullen, MA McDonald, EC Holland, MC AF Drake, Angela I. Meyer, Kimberly S. Cessante, Lynne M. Cheung, Catherine R. Cullen, Maren A. McDonald, Eric C. Holland, Martin C. TI Routine TBI screening following combat deployments SO NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Blast; combat veteran; injury mechanism; Iraq; Afghanistan; Marines; military; post-deployment; prevalence; screening; traumatic brain injury ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; WAR; IRAQ; VETERANS; CARE AB A precise estimate of the rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in returning combat troops is difficult to establish given the challenges of screening large numbers of military personnel returning from combat deployments. The Brief Traumatic Brain Injury Screen (BTBIS) was implemented in the First Marine Expeditionary Force between 2004 and 2006. Nine percent of the 7909 marines who completed the BTBIS were considered having a positive screen; that is, they endorsed at least one injury mechanism and indicated a change in mental status at the time of injury. The majority of combat-related TBI's were due to multiple injury agents with the next largest group related to blast exposure only. Most importantly, of those who screened positive for TBI 70.5% (n = 500) were first identified by the screen. Service members who endorsed items on the BTBIS were contacted for follow-up assessment of persistent symptoms related to TBI and clinical referrals were made as needed. Given the rate of positive TBI screens in this non-referred sample of military personnel returning from a combat deployment, routine TBI screening appears valuable in screening individuals who might not be identified otherwise. Furthermore, this study appears to refute the contention that routine TBI screening will result in an over-identification of TBI in this population. C1 [Drake, Angela I.; Meyer, Kimberly S.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Cessante, Lynne M.; Cheung, Catherine R.; Cullen, Maren A.] USN, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Drake, AI (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Bldg 1,Room B209,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM adrake@dvbic.org NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1053-8135 J9 NEUROREHABILITATION JI Neurorehabilitation PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.3233/NRE-2010-0554 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 603OQ UT WOS:000278218300002 PM 20448308 ER PT J AU Cooper, DB Mercado-Couch, JM Critchfield, E Kennedy, J Vanderploeg, RD DeVillibis, C Gaylord, KM AF Cooper, Douglas B. Mercado-Couch, Janyna M. Critchfield, Edan Kennedy, Jan Vanderploeg, Rodney D. DeVillibis, Carita Gaylord, Kathryn M. TI Factors influencing cognitive functioning following mild traumatic brain injury in OIF/OEF burn patients SO NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Mild traumatic brain injury; blast injury; cognitive dysfunction ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS RBANS; REPEATABLE BATTERY; POSTCONCUSSIVE SYMPTOMS; BASE RATES; IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; MECHANISMS; DIAGNOSIS; VALIDITY AB Objective: To examine the relationship between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), psychiatric conditions, pain medications, and injury severity on cognitive functioning in service members admitted to a burn unit. We hypothesize that psychiatric co-morbidity and pain medications will have a stronger relationship with cognitive dysfunction than mTBI diagnosis in this population. Method: Retrospective review of clinical evaluations (n = 194) completed between September 2005-October 2007 on service members with burn injuries secondary to explosive munitions. Evaluations were completed during the acute stage of recovery (mean = 7.87 weeks). mTBI diagnosis (n = 50) was made through a clinical interview using ACRM criteria [1]. Exclusion criteria included duration of posttraumatic amnesia > 24 hours (n = 10); and inability to complete neurocognitive measures due to severe bimanual burns and/or amputations (n = 17). Cognitive functioning was evaluated using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Results: Subjects who sustained mTBI demonstrated significantly greater difficulty on the RBANS visuospatial and attention/processing speed indices. A hierarchical linear regression, using mTBI diagnosis, psychiatric diagnosis, time since injury, presence of pain medications, and measures of trauma severity as predictive factors, found that mTBI diagnosis had a significant, but small unique effect on cognitive functioning. Contrary to our hypothesis, psychiatric co-morbidity was not shown to have a significant effect on this population of acutely injured service members. Conclusions: While the relationship between severe TBI and cognitive functioning is well established, the relationship between mTBI and its effects on cognitive and behavioral abilities is less clear. The current study demonstrates that mTBI and analgesic medications have a small effect neurocognitive functioning in this population. Continued examination of this relationship is warranted. C1 [Cooper, Douglas B.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, Traumat Brain Injury Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Cooper, Douglas B.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Rehabil, Traumat Brain Injury Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Mercado-Couch, Janyna M.; Critchfield, Edan] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Behav Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Kennedy, Jan; Vanderploeg, Rodney D.] DVBIC, Washington, DC USA. [Vanderploeg, Rodney D.] James A Haley Vet Adm Med Ctr, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Vanderploeg, Rodney D.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. [DeVillibis, Carita] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Gaylord, Kathryn M.] US Inst Surg Res USAISR, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Cooper, DB (reprint author), MCHE DOR TBI, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, Traumat Brain Injury Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM douglas.cooper2@amedd.army.mil FU NIA NIH HHS [AG P30-12300-10] NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1053-8135 J9 NEUROREHABILITATION JI Neurorehabilitation PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.3233/NRE-2010-0559 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 603OQ UT WOS:000278218300007 PM 20448313 ER PT J AU Martin, EM French, L Janos, A AF Martin, Elisabeth Moy French, Louis Janos, Alicia TI Home/community monitoring using telephonic follow-up SO NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Telephonic follow-up; traumatic brain injury ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; BLAST; SYMPTOMS; REHABILITATION; WAR; MECHANISMS; SOLDIERS; IMPACT; PAIN AB Service members who have had a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a war theatre [ Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)] may have associated injuries far different and/or more complex (i.e., polytrauma) than injuries obtained outside the theatre of operation. This article expands on what has been learned from monitoring patients injured during peacetime to the newly injured war veterans being monitored in the home setting via routine telephonic follow-up. As Tanielian et al. state TBI, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression may occur during and following deployment/s which then pose a significant health risk to these veterans. This is particularly important as veterans of these two conflicts may incur these "invisible wounds of war." Thus, safe and effective monitoring of these veterans by nurses/case managers in the home/community setting becomes important in the recovery process. C1 [Martin, Elisabeth Moy; French, Louis; Janos, Alicia] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, DVBIC, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Martin, EM (reprint author), 6709 Tomlinson Terrace, Cabin John, MD 20818 USA. EM Elisabeth.martin@amedd.army.mil NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1053-8135 J9 NEUROREHABILITATION JI Neurorehabilitation PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 279 EP 283 DI 10.3233/NRE-2010-0563 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 603OQ UT WOS:000278218300011 PM 20448317 ER PT J AU Doncevic, S Boerman, HL AF Doncevic, Selina Boerman, Heidi L. TI Continuum of care: Military health care providers and the traumatic brain injured service members SO NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; IRAQ; METAANALYSIS; AFGHANISTAN; DEPLOYMENT; PERSONNEL; ADULTS; RISK; WAR AB This article will address and describe the military continuum of care and its implications for the health care providers intimately involved in the treatment of service members who sustain traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Clinical Practice Guidelines have been created and distributed for treatment of TBI sustained by service members in both the deployed setting and in the continental United States (CONUS). The military has established specific levels of care each with specific purpose in the treatment continuum that extends from the battlefield to the most advanced military treatment facility (MTF). The health care providers who care for this particular patient population can also face unique opportunities, challenges and rewards. C1 [Doncevic, Selina; Boerman, Heidi L.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20012 USA. RP Doncevic, S (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, POB 59181, Washington, DC 20012 USA. EM selina.doncevic@us.army.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1053-8135 J9 NEUROREHABILITATION JI Neurorehabilitation PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.3233/NRE-2010-0564 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 603OQ UT WOS:000278218300012 PM 20448318 ER PT J AU Bell, RS Vo, AH Roberts, R Wanebo, J Armonda, RA AF Bell, Randy S. Vo, Alexander H. Roberts, Ryan Wanebo, John Armonda, Rocco A. TI Wartime Traumatic Aneurysms: Acute Presentation, Diagnosis, and Multimodal Treatment of 64 Craniocervical Arterial Injuries SO NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE Endovascular occlusion; Pseudoaneurysm; Traumatic intracranial aneurysms; Vascular complications of traumatic brain injury ID INTERNAL CAROTID-ARTERY; INFERIOR CEREBELLAR ARTERY; MISSILE HEAD WOUNDS; INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS; INTRACAVERNOUS ANEURYSM; VERTEBRAL ARTERY; CEREBRAL-ARTERIES; MANAGEMENT; EPISTAXIS; RUPTURE AB OBJECTIVE: Operation Iraqi Freedom has resulted in a significant number of closed and penetrating head injuries, and a consequence of both has been the accompanying neurovascular injuries. Here we review the largest reported population of patients with traumatic neurovascular disease and offer our experience with both endovascular and surgical management. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all military casualties returning to the Walter Reed Army Medical Center and the National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, from April 2003 until April 2008 was performed. All patients undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiography during their inpatient stay were included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 513 war trauma-related consults were performed from April 2003 to April 2008, resulting in the evaluation of 408 patients with closed and penetrating head injuries. In this population, 279 angiographic studies were performed in 187 patients (25 closed craniocervical injuries, 162 penetrating craniocervical injuries), resulting in the detection of 64 vascular injuries in 48 patients (26.2% of those studied, 34% prevalence). Vascular injuries were characterized by traumatic intracranial aneurysms (TICAS) (n = 31), traumatic extracalvarial aneurysms (TECAs) (n = 19), arterial dissections (n = 11), and arteriovenous fistulae (n = 3). The average TICA size on admission was 4.1 mm, with an observed increase in aneurysm size in 11 cases. In the TICA/TECA group, 24 aneurysms in 23 patients were treated endovascularly with either coiling or stent-assisted coiling, resulting in preservation of the parent artery in 12 of 24 vessels (50%). The injuries in 3 patients in this group progressed despite endovascular treatment and required definitive clip exclusion. Thirteen additional aneurysms in 8 patients were treated surgically, resulting in parent artery preservation in 4 cases (30.8%). Eleven of the 13 remaining TICAs/TECAs resolved spontaneously without treatment. A total of 6 aneurysm ruptures (average size, 8.25 mm) occurred, resulting in 3 deaths. Four of 6 ruptures occurred in TICAs in which the interval size increase was noted angiographically. CONCLUSION: The management of traumatic vascular injury has evolved with technological advancement and the willingness of the neurosurgeon to intervene. Although open surgical intervention remains a viable solution, endovascular options are available and safe and can effectively temporize a patient while acute sequelae of serious head injury resolve. C1 [Bell, Randy S.; Roberts, Ryan; Armonda, Rocco A.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Bell, Randy S.; Roberts, Ryan; Wanebo, John; Armonda, Rocco A.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Vo, Alexander H.] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Bell, RS (reprint author), 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM Randy.bell@amedd.army.mil NR 57 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-396X J9 NEUROSURGERY JI Neurosurgery PD JAN PY 2010 VL 66 IS 1 BP 66 EP 79 DI 10.1227/01.NEU.0000361285.50218.A8 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 535KP UT WOS:000272967400013 PM 20023539 ER PT J AU Mamczarz, J Pereira, EFR Aracava, Y Adler, M Albuquerque, EX AF Mamczarz, Jacek Pereira, Edna F. R. Aracava, Yasco Adler, Michael Albuquerque, Edson X. TI An acute exposure to a sub-lethal dose of soman triggers anxiety-related behavior in guinea pigs: Interactions with acute restraint SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anxiety; Locomotion; Open field; Elevated plus maze; Organophosphorus compounds ID SUBWAY SARIN ATTACK; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES; ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; NOVELTY STRESS; OPEN-FIELD; RATS; TOXICITY; RELEASE; CORTEX AB In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a single exposure of guinea pigs to sub-lethal doses of soman triggers anxiety-related behavior that is modifiable by acute stress. Prepubertal male guinea pigs were subjected to one of the following treatments: (i) saline (0.5 ml/kg, sc), (ii) soman (0.6x or 0.8 x LD50, sc), (iii) saline followed 30 min later by 2-h restraint, or (iv) soman followed 30 min later by 2-h restraint. Behavior of the animals was examined 2 and 3 months later in a large open field and in the elevated plus maze. Animals that had been exposed to restraint stress alone or soman alone showed decreased exploratory activity when tested in the open field with bare floor at light intensity of 20-30 lx. Total distance traveled and distance traveled in the center of the field were shorter for animals that were exposed to either restraint stress or soman than for saline-injected animals. In addition, animals challenged with soman or restraint stress remained immobile for a longer time in the open field than did saline-injected guinea pigs. Performance in the elevated plus maze test revealed that exposure of guinea pigs to soman or restraint Stress decreased their number of entries and the time spent in the open arms of the maze (measures of anxiety) and reduced their overall locomotor activity. Soman exposure and restraint stress cancelled out each other's effect on locomotion, while only attenuating one another's effect on anxiety-related behavior. It is concluded that a single exposure to sub-lethal doses of soman triggers long-lasting anxiogenesis and decreased locomotor activity and that acute restraint stress modifies the magnitude of these effects. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mamczarz, Jacek; Pereira, Edna F. R.; Aracava, Yasco; Albuquerque, Edson X.] Univ Maryland, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Adler, Michael] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurobehav & Toxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Albuquerque, EX (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Sch Med, 655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM ealbuque@umaryland.edu FU National Institutes of Health [UO1NS059344] FX This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health CounterACT Program through the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (award #UO1NS059344). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the federal government. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2009.10.012 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 556SE UT WOS:000274611000008 PM 19883683 ER PT B AU Viswanath, DS Reinig, M Ghosh, TK Boddu, VM AF Viswanath, Dabir S. Reinig, Mike Ghosh, Tushar K. Boddu, Veera M. BE Selesovsky, J Pachman, J Matyas, R TI Vapor Pressure of Nitro Compounds SO NEW TRENDS IN RESEARCH OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS, PTS I & II, 13TH SEMINAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Seminar on New Trends in Research of Energetic Materials CY APR 21-23, 2010 CL Univ Pardubice, Pardubiece, CZECH REPUBLIC SP US Army Int Technol Ctr, US Off Naval Res Global, USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Austin Detonator, Ezplosia, Indet Safety Syst, STV Grp, Policske strojirny Ltd, OZM Res, BORGATA HO Univ Pardubice DE vapour pressure; detection AB Vapor pressure is an important thermodynamic property useful in several areas of science and technology. The detection of explosives such as RDX, CL-20, etc require very sensitive sensors, and such sensors need very accurate vapor pressure data. In most cases the very low vapor pressure of these compounds makes it very difficult to measure the data accurately. Limited amount of data exists in the literature for some substance such as RDX but the data differ from author to author. Even in some cases such as TATP which has higher vapor pressures, the data even from a single source varies between multiple measurements. We have undertaken to measure the vapor pressure of some explosives and also correlating the data for predictive purposes. C1 [Viswanath, Dabir S.; Reinig, Mike; Ghosh, Tushar K.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Boddu, Veera M.] US Army, Erdc, Champaign, IL USA. RP Viswanath, DS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PARDUBICE PI PARDUBICE PA STUDENTSKA 95, PARDUBICE 532 10, CZECH REPUBLIC BN 978-80-7395-249-5 PY 2010 BP 306 EP 309 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG9KA UT WOS:000393356400031 ER PT J AU Britzke, ER Sewell, P Hohmann, MG Smith, R Darling, SR AF Britzke, Eric R. Sewell, Price Hohmann, Matthew G. Smith, Ryan Darling, Scott R. TI Use of Temperature-sensitive Transmitters to Monitor the Temperature Profiles of Hibernating Bats Affected with White-Nose Syndrome SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB In temperate ecosystems, hibernation allows bats to survive long periods of limited prey and water availability during colder months. Despite the extended amount of time some bats spend in hibernation, researchers have only recently been able to study the hibernation ecology of bats under natural conditions. With the emergence of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a mysterious disease presently killing large numbers of bats during the hibernation period in the northeastern United States, expanding our knowledge of hibernation ecology and natural history has become more crucial. To collect such data, we used temperature-sensitive radio transmitters and data loggers to monitor the skin temperatures (T-sk) of 6 bats (5 Myotis lucifugus [Little Brown Bat], and 1 Myotis septentrionalis [Northern Long-eared Bat]) hibernating in Mount Aeolus Cave, VT in late winter 2008. We recorded T-sk every 14 minutes for the life of the transmitters. We were able to monitor T-sk from near ambient temperatures to above 30 degrees C. Arousals occurred immediately before the signals were lost and at a time of increased numbers of bats observed on the landscape, thereby suggesting the emergence (and subsequent death) of bats. Our observations provide first data on the hibernating ecology of WNS-affected bats under natural conditions. C1 [Britzke, Eric R.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Sewell, Price] Copperhead Environm Consulting, Paint Lick, KY 40461 USA. [Hohmann, Matthew G.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. [Smith, Ryan; Darling, Scott R.] Vermont Fish & Wildlife Dept, Rutland, VT 05701 USA. RP Britzke, ER (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Eric.R.Britzke@usace.army.mil NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 31 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1656/045.017.0207 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V22RH UT WOS:000208291800007 ER PT J AU Bingham, M Ashley, J De Jong, M Swift, C AF Bingham, Mona Ashley, Jeffrey De Jong, Marla Swift, Caren TI Implementing a Unit-Level Intervention to Reduce the Probability of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia SO NURSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE compliance; evidence-based practice; infection control; ventilator-associated or ventilator-acquired pneumonia ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; RECEIVING MECHANICAL VENTILATION; NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA; DENTAL PLAQUE; COLONIZATION; INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; GUIDELINE AB Background. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common hospital-acquired infection and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates for mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. Routine nursing interventions have been shown to reduce VAP rates. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a unit-specific education intervention that emphasized hand hygiene, head-of-the-bed elevation, and oral care. The goals were to improve staff compliance with hand washing, head-of-the-bed elevation, and oral care; to decrease VAP rates, and to decrease number of ventilator days. Methods: Two-hour observations were conducted on a convenience sample of 100 ventilated patients not diagnosed with VAP and the clinical staff that interacted with them. Instrumentation included a compliance checklist, a demographic patient survey, and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation AE IV (R) tool. Unit-specific educational interventions were designed and implemented on each participating unit. Results: The VAP and the ventilator day rates did not improve significantly. There were no significant changes in clinician adherence to hand hygiene, provision of oral care, or patient positioning. Discussion: Despite implementation of both structured and creative education, team-based approach, and frequent staff reminders, patient outcomes and staff compliance did not improve significantly. Unit-based education interventions may not be the best strategy to facilitate change. Organizations with frequent changes in personnel and leadership may not have the unit-level infrastructure necessary to attain and sustain change. C1 [Bingham, Mona; Ashley, Jeffrey] USA, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Bingham, Mona] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Nursing Res Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [De Jong, Marla] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Triserv Nursing Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Ashley, Jeffrey] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Crit Care Nursing Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [De Jong, Marla] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bingham, M (reprint author), USA, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Mona.bingham@us.army.mil FU TriService Nursing Research Program [N03-P18] FX This project was funded by an award from the TriService Nursing Research Program, grant no. N03-P18 by Principal Investigator, CAPT Patricia Kelley. The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, is the awarding and administering office. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-6562 J9 NURS RES JI Nurs. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP S40 EP S47 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 538VP UT WOS:000273212600007 PM 20010277 ER PT J AU Kenny, DJ Goodman, P AF Kenny, Deborah J. Goodman, Petra TI Care of the Patient With Enteral Tube Feeding An Evidence-Based Practice Protocol SO NURSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE enteral feeding; practice protocol; quality assessment ID CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; CONTROLLED-TRIALS; RESIDUAL VOLUME; ASPIRATION; NUTRITION; COMPLICATIONS; PLACEMENT; RISK; PH AB Background: Care of patients with enteral feeding tubes often is based on tradition and textbook guidance rather than best evidence. Care practices can vary widely both between and within institutions, and this was the case at a northeastern military medical center that served as the site for this evidence-based protocol development and implementation project. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the development and implementation of an evidence-based clinical protocol for care of patients with enteral feeding tubes. Methods: This was an evidence-based implementation project with pretest-posttest measures. Protocol data collection occurred both before and after implementation of the protocol. Data collection tools were based on the literature review and included three domains: (a) documentation of patient procedures, (b) nursing knowledge of each of the specific procedures, and (c) environment of care. Descriptive statistics and data were analyzed using independent samples t tests. Results: Overall staff knowledge of enteral feedings and methods used to unclog both large- and small-bore feeding tubes differed significantly before and after implementation (p < .05). Staff knowledge regarding the danger of using blue dye in feeding solution was significant (p < .001). There was improvement also in administration of medications separately rather than mixed together and in head of bed elevation of patients with feeding tubes. There was a 10% improvement in documentation of patient family education and a 15% improvement in recording fluid flushes during medication administration. After implementation, environment of care data collection showed 100% of patients with head of bed elevated and with functioning suction available, an improvement over levels before implementation. Discussion: Care must be taken in the interpretation of these findings because it was generally not the same nurses who answered both surveys. High staff turnover within this military hospital also affected sustainment of the protocol implementation. Maintenance activities must be constant and visible within the organization. A champion for evidence-based practice greatly enhances uptake and maintenance of nursing practice change. C1 [Kenny, Deborah J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, TriServ Nursing Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Goodman, Petra] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Nursing Res Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kenny, DJ (reprint author), 350 S Clinton St Apt 1D, Denver, CO 80247 USA. EM deb.kenny@us.army.mil FU Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences [MDA905-02-1-TS16, N02-P18] FX This project was sponsored by the TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; however, the information or content and conclusions do not necessarily represent the official position or policy of, nor should any official endorsement be inferred by, the TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-6562 J9 NURS RES JI Nurs. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP S22 EP S31 PG 10 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 538VP UT WOS:000273212600005 PM 20010275 ER PT J AU Yackel, EE McKennan, MS Fox-Deise, A AF Yackel, Edward E. McKennan, Madelyn S. Fox-Deise, Adrianna TI A Nurse-Facilitated Depression Screening Program in an Army Primary Care Clinic An Evidence-Based Project SO NURSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE decision algorithm; depression screening; evidence-based practice; military primary care clinic ID DISEASE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS; SUICIDAL IDEATION; HEALTH; VALIDITY; RISK; METAANALYSIS; DISORDERS; RATIONALE; PROVIDERS; MILITARY AB Background: Depression, sometimes with suicidal manifestations, is a medical condition commonly seen in primary care clinics. Routine screening for depression and suicidal ideation is recommended of all adult patients in the primary care setting because it offers depressed patients a greater chance of recovery and response to treatment, yet such screening often is overlooked or omitted. Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop, to implement, and to test the efficacy of a systematic depression screening process to increase the identification of depression in family members of active duty soldiers older than 18 years at a military family practice clinic located on an Army infantry post in the Pacific. Methods: The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care was used to develop a practice guideline incorporating a decision algorithm for nurses to screen for depression. A pilot project to institute this change in practice was conducted, and outcomes were measured. Results: Before implementation, approximately 100 patients were diagnosed with depression in each of the 3 months preceding the practice change. Approximately 130 patients a month were assigned a 311.0 Code 3 months after the practice change, and 140 patients per month received screenings and were assigned the correct International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Code 311.0 at 1 year. The improved screening and coding for depression and suicidality added approximately 3 minutes to the patient screening process. The education of staff in the process of screening for depression and correct coding coupled with monitoring and staff feedback improved compliance with the identification and the documentation of patients with depression. Nurses were more likely than primary care providers to agree strongly that screening for depression enhances quality of care. Discussion: Data gathered during this project support the integration of military and civilian nurse-facilitated screening for depression in the military primary care setting. The decision algorithm should be adapted and tested in other primary care environments. C1 [Yackel, Edward E.] US Army Nurse Corps, McDonald Army Hlth Ctr, Ft Eustis, VA 23604 USA. [McKennan, Madelyn S.] US Army Nurse Corps, Schofield Barracks Army Hlth Clin, Honolulu, HI USA. [Fox-Deise, Adrianna] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Nursing & Dent Hyg, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Yackel, EE (reprint author), US Army Nurse Corps, McDonald Army Hlth Ctr, Ft Eustis, VA 23604 USA. EM Ed.yackel@us.army.mil FU Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences [N03-P18] FX This project was sponsored by the TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; however, the information or content and conclusions do not necessarily represent the official position or policy of, nor should any official endorsement be inferred by, the TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-6562 J9 NURS RES JI Nurs. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP S58 EP S65 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 538VP UT WOS:000273212600009 PM 20010279 ER PT J AU Demirbilek, Z AF Demirbilek, Zeki TI Hurricane Katrina and Ocean Engineering lessons learned SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Engineer R&D Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Demirbilek, Z (reprint author), USA, Engineer R&D Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM zeki.demirbilek@usace.army.mil NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.12.002 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 556QS UT WOS:000274606800001 ER PT J AU Levinson, DH Vickery, PJ Resio, DT AF Levinson, D. H. Vickery, P. J. Resio, D. T. TI A review of the climatological characteristics of landfalling Gulf hurricanes for wind, wave, and surge hazard estimation SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE Hurricane; Katrina; Ocean response models; Hurricane winds; Hazard and risks; Hurricane central pressures ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; HIGH SEA WINDS; GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES; PARAMETRIC REPRESENTATION; SURFACE WINDS; FIELD MODEL; PRESSURE; SPACE AB The climatological characteristics of landfalling Gulf of Mexico hurricanes are presented, focusing on the basic parameters needed for accurately determining the structure and intensity of hurricanes for ocean response models. These include the maximum sustained wind, radius of maximum winds, the Holland-B parameter, the peripheral or far-field pressure, the surface roughness and coefficient of drag, and the central pressure for historical hurricanes in the Gulf. Despite evidence of a slight increase in the annual number of named storms over the past 50 years, presently there is no statistically significant trend in tropical storms, hurricanes, or major hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, the long-term variability of tropical cyclones in the Gulf reflects the observed variability in the Atlantic basin as a whole. Analyses of hurricane winds from multiple sources suggest the presence of a bias toward overestimating the strength of winds in the HURDAT dataset from 7% to 15%. Results presented comparing HURDAT with other sources also show an overestimation of intensity at landfall, with an estimated bias of similar to 10%. Finally, a review of recent studies has shown that hurricane frequencies and intensities appear to vary on a much more localized scale than previously believed. This exacerbates the sampling problem for accurate characterization of hurricane parameters for design and operational applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Levinson, D. H.] NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Vickery, P. J.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. [Resio, D. T.] USACE, ERDC, Coastal Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Levinson, DH (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. EM David.Levinson@noaa.gov RI Vickery, Peter/D-2708-2012 NR 71 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.07.014 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 556QS UT WOS:000274606800003 ER PT J AU Smith, JM Cialone, MA Wamsley, TV McAlpin, TO AF Smith, Jane McKee Cialone, Mary A. Wamsley, Ty V. McAlpin, Tate O. TI Potential impact of sea level rise on coastal surges in southeast Louisiana SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hurricane; Katrina; Sea level rise; Southeast Louisiana; Storm surge; Waves; ADCIRC; STWAVE; IPET ID HURRICANE STORM-SURGE; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; GULF AB Potential impacts of 0.5 and 1.0m of relative sea level rise (RSLR) on hurricane surge and waves in southeast Louisiana are investigated using the numerical storm surge model ADCIRC and the nearshore spectral wave model STWAVE. The models were applied for six hypothetic hurricanes that produce approximately 100yr water levels in southeastern Louisiana. In areas of maximum surge, the impact of RSLR on surge was generally linear (equal to the RSLR). In wetland or wetland-fronted areas of moderate peak surges (2-3 m), the surge levels were increased by as much as 1-3 m (in addition to the RSLR). The surge increase is as much as double and triple the RSLR over broad areas and as much as five times the RSLR in isolated areas. Waves increase significantly in shallow areas due to the combined increases in water depth due to RSLR and surge increases. Maximum increases in wave height for the modeled storms were 1-1.5 m. Surge propagation over broad, shallow, wetland areas is highly sensitive to RSLR. Wave heights also generally increased for all RSLR cases. These increases were significant (0.5-1.5 m for 1 m RSLR), but less dramatic than the surge increases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smith, Jane McKee; Cialone, Mary A.; Wamsley, Ty V.; McAlpin, Tate O.] USA, Egineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Smith, JM (reprint author), USA, Egineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Jane.M.Smith@usace.army.mil FU Office, Chief of Engineers; US Army Corps of Engineers FX Permission to publish this paper was granted by the Office, Chief of Engineers, US Army Corps of Engineers. This research was conducted under the Wave Computations for Ecosystem Modeling under the System-Wide Water Resources Research Program of the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center. NR 21 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.07.008 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 556QS UT WOS:000274606800005 ER PT J AU Seabergh, WC AF Seabergh, W. C. TI Physical model study of wave and current conditions at 17th Street Canal breach due to Hurricane Katrina SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hurricane; Katrina; Hurricane waves; Lake Pontchartrain; Floodwall breach; Debris accumulation; Head loss; 17th Street Canal; Physical model AB A 1:50 scale physical model was constructed for the 17th Street Canal region, New Orleans, on the southern coast of Lake Pontchartrain, as part of the Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force (IPET) study of Hurricane Katrina. The purpose of the 1350 m(2) physical model that represented about 3.4 km(2) of the local area was to aid in defining wave and water velocity conditions in the 17th Street Canal during the time period leading up to the breaching of the floodwall within the Canal. In the immediate period following this disaster, there were many hypothesis of failure put forth in the media. Some of these hypothesis indicated wave action may have been the underlying cause of the failure of the 17th Street Canal floodwall. Some performed numerical work with inappropriate boundary conditions, which indicated strong wave-generated currents may have caused erosion along the floodwalls. This physical model study indicated a number of wave-attenuating processes occurring as waves approached the location of the breach. Wave height reduction resulted due to: (1) refraction of wave energy over the shallower submerged land areas surrounding the harbor away from the canal; (2) reflection of energy off vertical walls in the region between the entrance to the canal near the Coast Guard Harbor and the bridge; and (3) interaction of the wave with the Hammond Highway bridge, including reflection and transmission loss. Wave heights near the lakeside of the bridge were 0.3-0.9 m in height, reduced from 1.8 to 2.7 m wave heights in the open lake. Waves on the south side of the bridge, near the breach, were further reduced to heights below 0.3 m. These results supported the conclusion that waves were not a significant factor for the 17th Street Canal floodwall failure. Other IPET investigations determined floodwall failure was of a geotechnical nature due to the high surge water level. The physical model also provided calibration information for numerical wave models. The effects of debris on flow and waves after the breach was formed were also investigated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Seabergh, WC (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM william.c.seabergh@usace.army.mil FU US Army Corps of Engineers FX Due to the short deadline for the Report to the United States Congress by IPET, an accelerated construction and operation schedule was necessitated. Thanks are due to the Engineering and Research Development Center's Department of Public Works for their part in model construction. Also, special thanks are due to the engineers, especially Dr. Michael Briggs, who provided expertise in directional wave generator programming, and technicians who worked on the study and are part of the Harbors, Entrances and Structures Branch of the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory. Directors of IPET Task 4 were Drs. Donald Resio and Robert Dean. Comments of anonymous reviewers are recognized and appreciated. Permission to publish this paper has been granted by the Chief, US Army Corps of Engineers. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 48 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.08.012 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 556QS UT WOS:000274606800006 ER PT J AU Wamsley, TV Cialone, MA Smith, JM Atkinson, JH Rosati, JD AF Wamsley, Ty V. Cialone, Mary A. Smith, Jane M. Atkinson, John H. Rosati, Julie D. TI The potential of wetlands in reducing storm surge SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hurricane; Katrina; Marsh; Restoration; Degradation; Coastal protection ID VEGETATION; LOUISIANA; MARSH AB A critical component of flood protection in some coastal areas is expected to be the potential contribution of wetlands to the lowering of surges as they propagate inland from the coast. Consequently, an accurate method to quantify the effect of wetlands on coastal surge levels is required. The degree to which wetlands attenuate surge is the subject of debate and difficult to assess. The potential of wetlands to reduce storm surge has typically been expressed as a constant attenuation rate, but the relationship is much more complex. A numerical storm surge model was applied to assess the sensitivity of surge response to specified wetland loss. Results suggest that wetlands do have the potential to reduce surges but the magnitude of attenuation is dependent on the surrounding coastal landscape and the strength and duration of the storm forcing. Numerical models that simulate the relevant physical processes can provide valuable information on how to best integrate wetlands into coastal protection plans. However, while the model applied for this study has displayed skill in estimating surges over wetlands, the formulations are missing key processes and model advancements are necessary. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wamsley, Ty V.; Cialone, Mary A.; Smith, Jane M.; Rosati, Julie D.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Atkinson, John H.] Arcadis US, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wamsley, TV (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Ty.V.Wamsley@usace.army.mil FU Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology Program; US Army Engineer MOdeling of Relevant PHysics Of Storms (MORPHOS) Program FX This work was performed as part of a study commissioned by the US Army Engineer District, New Orleans, with additional support provided by the Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology Program and the US Army Engineer MOdeling of Relevant PHysics Of Storms (MORPHOS) Program. NR 28 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 9 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.07.018 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 556QS UT WOS:000274606800007 ER PT J AU Irish, JL Resio, DT AF Irish, Jennifer L. Resio, Donald T. TI A hydrodynamics-based surge scale for hurricanes SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hurricane; Katrina; Surge; Flood warning; Hurricane evacuation; Tropical cyclones ID STORM-SURGE; WIND; MODEL AB Record hurricane surges over the last several years have demonstrated the need for an improved surge hazard warning scale for hurricanes. Here, a simple hydrodynamics-based surge scale for hurricane surge hazard is presented. This surge scale incorporates readily available meteorological information along with regional-scale bathymetry into a single measure of expected surge levels at the coast. We further outline an approach for estimating expected flood inundation and damages based on the alongshore extent of high surges during hurricanes. Comparisons between this new surge scale and historical hurricane observations show a measurable improvement over existing surge indices, including the Saffir-Simpson scale. It is anticipated that the proposed surge scale will improve public awareness of surge hazard and assist governments in communicating critical decisions regarding evacuation and emergency response. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Irish, Jennifer L.] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Resio, Donald T.] USA, Ctr Res & Dev, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Irish, JL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jirish@civil.tamu.edu; donald.t.resio@usace.army.mil OI Irish, Jennifer/0000-0002-2429-5953 FU US Army Engineer Research and Development Center; Texas General Land Office Coastal Management Program [08-009-000] FX The research presented here was funded by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center and in part by the Texas General Land Office Coastal Management Program through Grant no. 08-009-000. The authors wish to thank Dr. Mark Powell for his review of this manuscript. The use of trade names does not constitute an endorsement in the use of these products by the US Government. NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.07.012 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 556QS UT WOS:000274606800008 ER PT J AU Niedoroda, AW Resio, DT Toro, GR Divoky, D Das, HS Reed, CW AF Niedoroda, A. W. Resio, D. T. Toro, G. R. Divoky, D. Das, H. S. Reed, C. W. TI Analysis of the coastal Mississippi storm surge hazard SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hurricane; Katrina; Hurricane storm surge; Coastal flood hazard; Surge modeling AB Following the extreme flooding caused by Hurricane Katrina, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) commissioned a study to update the Mississippi coastal flood hazard maps. The project included development and application of new methods incorporating the most recent advances in numerical modeling of storms and coastal hydrodynamics, analysis of the storm climatology, and flood hazard evaluation. This paper discusses the methods that were used and how they were applied to the coast of the State of Mississippi. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Niedoroda, A. W.; Reed, C. W.] URS Corp, Tallahassee, FL 32317 USA. [Resio, D. T.] USA, Corps Engineers, ERDC, CHL, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Toro, G. R.] Risk Engn Inc, William Lettis & Associates, Acton, MA 01720 USA. [Divoky, D.] Watershed Concepts, AECOM Water, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. [Das, H. S.] Jackson State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Niedoroda, AW (reprint author), URS Corp, 1625 Summit Lake Dr,Suite 200, Tallahassee, FL 32317 USA. EM alan_niedoroda@urscorp.com FU FEMA [HSFEHQ-06-J-0018] FX The authors express their appreciation for the extensive discussions and technical exchanges with other members of the URS/FEMA and USACE teams, particularly the late Leon Borgman, Vince Carclone, Robert Dean, Donald Slinn, Todd Walton, Joannes Westerink, John Atkinson, Lyle Zevenbergen, Andrew Cox, David Levinson, Stephen Baig, Ty Wamsley, Jane Smith, Norm Scheffner, Peter Vickery, and Lynda Charles. The URS project team included not only staff from its Tallahassee FL and Gaithersburg MD offices, but also, as subcontractors, Watershed Concepts (AECOM Water), Dewberry, Risk Engineering, Oceanweather Inc (OWI), and Ayres Associates. Essential project support was provided by Dr. Shabbar Saifee and Mr. Robert Lowe of FEMA. Special appreciation is expressed to Richard Sanborn for his technical assistance and documentation efforts, including preparation of this manuscript. This work was sponsored by FEMA under Contract HSFEHQ-06-J-0018. The opinions expressed here are not necessarily those of the US Government or the sponsoring agency. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.08.019 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 556QS UT WOS:000274606800009 ER PT J AU Ebersole, BA Westerink, JJ Bunya, S Dietrich, JC Cialone, MA AF Ebersole, B. A. Westerink, J. J. Bunya, S. Dietrich, J. C. Cialone, M. A. TI Development of storm surge which led to flooding in St. Bernard Polder during Hurricane Katrina SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hurricane; Katrina; Louisiana; Storm; Surge; Inundation; Flooding; ADCIRC ID MODEL AB Hurricane Katrina caused devastating flooding in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana. Storm surge surrounded the polder that comprises heavily populated sections of the Parish in addition to the Lower 9th Ward section of Orleans Parish. Surge propagated along several pathways to reach levees and walls around the polder's periphery. Extreme water levels led to breaches in the levee/wall system which, along with wave overtopping and steady overflow, led to considerable flood water entering the polder. Generation and evolution of the storm surge as it propagated into the region is examined using results from the SL15 regional application of the ADCIRC storm surge model. Fluxes of water into the region through navigation channels are compared to fluxes which entered through Lake Borgne and over inundated wetlands surrounding the lake. Fluxes through Lake Borgne and adjacent wetlands were found to be the predominant source of water reaching the region. Various sources of flood water along the polder periphery are examined. Flood water primarily entered through the east and west sides of the polder. Different peak surges and hydrograph shapes were experienced along the polder boundaries, and reasons for the spatial variability in surge conditions are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ebersole, B. A.; Cialone, M. A.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Westerink, J. J.; Dietrich, J. C.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bunya, S.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Syst Innovat, Tokyo, Japan. RP Ebersole, BA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Bruce.A.Ebersole@usace.army.mil RI Dietrich, Joel/E-5161-2011 OI Dietrich, Joel/0000-0001-5294-2874 FU Office, Chief of Engineers, US Army Corps of Engineers FX The dedication and hard work of all those who contributed to the work embodied in Volume IV of the IPET report, and to all those who have contributed to advancing the hurricane storm surge and wave modeling technology for southeast Louisiana through both the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Study, the Mississippi Coastal Improvements Project, and the work done in support of FEMA Region VI, and the contributions of those involved in the Corps' MORPHOS R&D project to improve hurricane models, are recognized and greatly valued. Permission to publish this paper was granted by the Office, Chief of Engineers, US Army Corps of Engineers. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.08.013 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 556QS UT WOS:000274606800010 ER PT J AU Dean, RG Rosati, JD Walton, TL Edge, BL AF Dean, R. G. Rosati, J. D. Walton, T. L. Edge, B. L. TI Erosional equivalences of levees: Steady and intermittent wave overtopping SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hurricane; Katrina; Levees; Levee failure; Wave overtopping; Wave-induced erosion; Overtopping duration AB Present criteria for acceptable grass covered levee overtopping are based on average overtopping values but do not include the effect of overtopping duration. This paper applies experimental steady state results for acceptable overtopping to the case of intermittent wave overtopping. Laboratory results consisting of velocities and durations for acceptable land side levee erosion due to steady flows are examined to determine the physical basis for the erosion. Three bases are examined: (1) velocity above a threshold value, (2) shear stress above a threshold value, and (3) work above a threshold value. The work basis provides the best agreement with the data and a threshold work value and a work index representing the summation of the product of work above the threshold and time are developed. The governing equations for flow down the land side of a levee establish that the flows near the land side levee toe will be supercritical. Wave runup is considered to be Rayleigh distributed with the runup above the levee crest serving as a surrogate for overtopping. Two examples illustrating application of the methodology are presented. Example I considers three qualities of grass cover: good, average, and poor. The required levee elevations for these three covers differ by 1.8 m. The results for Example I are compared with the empirical criteria of 0.1 liters per second per meter (I/s per m), 1.0 I/s per m, and 10.0 I/s per m. It is found that the required crest elevation by the methodology recommended herein for the "poor" cover is only slightly lower than for the criterion for average overtopping of q = 10.0 I/s per m but significantly lower than for the overtopping criterion of 1.0 and 0.1 m/s per m. Example 2 considers two durations of the peak surge with the result that the longer duration peak surge requires a levee that is higher by approximately 0.8 m. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Edge, B. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dean, R. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rosati, J. D.] Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Walton, T. L.] Florida State Univ, Beaches & Shores Resource Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Edge, BL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM b-edge@tamu.edu OI Edge, Billy/0000-0001-9291-3920 FU New Orleans District of the US Army Corps of Engineers FX Financial support provided by the New Orleans District of the US Army Corps of Engineers for the effort leading to this paper is gratefully acknowledged. Review of earlier versions of this paper by Dr. Steve Hughes of the US Army Engineer Development and Research Center and Dr. Mathijs van Ledden of Haskoning were quite beneficial; however, the Authors are responsible for any shortcomings of the paper. The Authors are appreciative of the comments and suggestions by three anonymous Reviewers which contributed to the quality of this final paper. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 104 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.07.016 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 556QS UT WOS:000274606800011 ER PT J AU Toro, GR Resio, DT Divoky, D Niedoroda, AW Reed, C AF Toro, Gabriel R. Resio, Donald T. Divoky, David Niedoroda, Alan Wm. Reed, Chris TI Efficient joint-probability methods for hurricane surge frequency analysis SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hurricane; Katrina; Storm surge; Joint-probability method; Probabilistic methods; Flood insurance maps; Numerical methods ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MODEL AB The Joint-Probability Method (JPM) was adopted by federal agencies for critical post-Katrina determinations of hurricane surge frequencies. In standard JPM implementations, it is necessary to consider a very large number of combinations of storm parameters, and each such combination (or synthetic storm) requires the simulation of wind, waves, and surge. The tools used to model the wave and surge phenomena have improved greatly in recent years, but this improvement and the use of very large high-resolution grids have made the computations both time-consuming and expensive. In order to ease the Computational burden, two independent approaches have been developed to reduce the number of storm surge Simulations that are required. Both of these so-called JPM-OS (J PM-Optimal Sampling) methods seek to accurately cover the entire storm parameter space through optimum selection of a small number of parameter values so as to minimize the number of required storm simulations. Tests done for the Mississippi coast showed that the accuracy of the two methods is comparable to that of a full JPM analysis, with a reduction of an order of magnitude or more in the computational effort. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Toro, Gabriel R.] Risk Engn Inc, William Lettis & Associates, Acton, MA 01720 USA. [Resio, Donald T.] USA, Corps Engineers, ERDC, CHL, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Divoky, David] Watershed Concepts, AECOM Water, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. [Niedoroda, Alan Wm.; Reed, Chris] URS Corp, Tallahassee, FL 32317 USA. RP Toro, GR (reprint author), Risk Engn Inc, William Lettis & Associates, 3 Farmers Row, Acton, MA 01720 USA. EM g.toro@fugro.com FU FEMA [HSFEHQ-06-D-0162]; US Army Corps of Engineers FX The authors express their appreciation for extensive discussions with the many other members of the FEMA and USACE study teams. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration provided their SLOSH model configured for the Biloxi basin. Appreciation is also expressed to Richard Sanborn for his technical assistance and help in manuscript preparation. The work was sponsored by FEMA under Contract HSFEHQ-06-D-0162 (Task Order 06-J-0018), and by the US Army Corps of Engineers under Purchase Order numbers W912HZ-06-P-0266, W912HZ-08-P-0095 and W912BU-07-P-0211. The opinions expressed here are not those of the US Government or the sponsoring agencies. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.09.004 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 556QS UT WOS:000274606800013 ER PT J AU Lynett, PJ Melby, JA Kim, DH AF Lynett, Patrick J. Melby, Jeffrey A. Kim, Dae-Hong TI An application of Boussinesq modeling to Hurricane wave overtopping and inundation SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hurricane; Katrina; Overtopping; Numerical modeling; Boussinesq ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; COASTAL STRUCTURES; NUMERICAL-MODEL; SOLITARY WAVES; RUN-UP; TURBULENT; OVERFLOW; SIMULATION AB Wave and combined wave-and-surge overtopping was significant across a large portion of the hurricane protection system of New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina. In particular, along the east-facing levees of the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet (MRGO), the overtopping caused numerous levee breaches. This paper will focus on the MRGO levees, and will attempt to recreate the hydrodynamic conditions during Katrina to provide an estimate of the experienced overtopping rates. Due to the irregular beach profiles leading up to the levees and the general hydrodynamic complexity of the overtopping in this area, a Boussinesq wave model is employed. This model is shown to be accurate for the prediction of waves shoaling and breaking over irregular beach profiles, as well as for the overtopping of levees. With surge levels provided by ADCIRC and nearshore wave heights by STWAVE, the Boussinesq model is used to predict conditions at the MRGO levees for 10 h near the peak of Katrina. The peak simulated overtopping rates correlate well with expected levee damage thresholds and observations of damage in the levee system. Finally, the predicted overtopping rates are utilized to estimate a volumetric flooding rate as a function of time for the entire 20 km stretch of east-facing MRGO levees. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lynett, Patrick J.; Kim, Dae-Hong] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Melby, Jeffrey A.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Lynett, PJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM plynett@civil.tamu.edu RI Lynett, Patrick/A-1458-2011; Kim, Dae-Hong/L-9233-2013; Lynett, Patrick/B-5932-2014 OI Lynett, Patrick/0000-0002-2856-9405 NR 32 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 135 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.08.021 PG 19 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 556QS UT WOS:000274606800014 ER PT J AU Roschewski, M Wilson, WH AF Roschewski, Mark Wilson, Wyndham H. TI Biology and Management of Rare Primary Extranodal T-cell Lymphomas SO ONCOLOGY-NEW YORK LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-DELTA; CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL ENTITY; CELIAC-DISEASE; PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; CLINICAL-OUTCOMES; FEATURES; TRANSPLANTATION; CLASSIFICATION AB Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are uncommonly encountered malignancies in the United States, and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL), subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL), and enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma (ETTCL) are rare subtypes of PTCLs that often present with primarily extranodal disease. Despite the fact that these tumors have distinct clinical and pathologic features, they are often diagnosed after significant delay. The combination of delay in diagnosis with ineffective therapies has resulted in a poor prognosis in most cases. Techniques that identify T-cell receptor gene rearrangements and flow cytometry that can identify characteristic immunophenotypes have guided our understanding of the underlying cell of origin of these rare PTCLs. As knowledge regarding the biology of these lymphomas increases alongside the development of newer therapeutics with novel mechanisms, clinicians must accordingly improve their familiarity with the clinical settings in which these rare malignancies arise as well as the pathologic features that make them unique C1 [Wilson, Wyndham H.] NCI, Lymphoma Therapeut Sect, Metab Branch, Ctr Canc Res,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Roschewski, Mark] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wilson, WH (reprint author), NCI, Lymphoma Therapeut Sect, Metab Branch, Ctr Canc Res,NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike,Bldg 10,Room 4N115, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM wilsonw@mail.nih.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UBM MEDICA PI NORWALK PA 535 CONNECTICUT AVE, STE 300, NORWALK, CT 06854 USA SN 0890-9091 J9 ONCOLOGY-NY JI Oncology-NY PD JAN PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 94 EP 100 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 800AZ UT WOS:000293330700011 PM 20187328 ER PT S AU Mentzer, MA Herr, DA Brewer, KJ Ojason, N Tarpine, HA AF Mentzer, M. A. Herr, D. A. Brewer, K. J. Ojason, N. Tarpine, H. A. BE Jiang, S Digonnet, MJF Glesener, JW Dries, JC TI Detector Development for X-ray Imaging SO OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Components and Materials VII CY JAN 26-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE flash x-ray cineradiography; flash x-ray; x-ray imaging; scintillator screen; x-ray detector AB X-ray imaging requires unique optical detector system configuration for optimization of image quality, resolution, and contrast ratio. A system is described whereby x-ray photons from multiple anode sources create a series of repetitive images on fast-decay scintillator screens, from which an intensified image is transferred to a fast phosphor on a GEN II image intensifier and collected as a cineradiographic video with high speed digital imagery. The work addresses scintillator material formulation, flash x-ray implementation, image intensification, and high speed video processing and display. Novel determination of optimal scintillator absorption, x-ray energy and dose relationships, contrast ratio determination, and test results are presented. C1 [Mentzer, M. A.; Brewer, K. J.] USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Mentzer, MA (reprint author), USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, 400 Colleran Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7994-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7598 AR 759822 DI 10.1117/12.855873 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BSN21 UT WOS:000284997500059 ER PT S AU Churaman, WA Becker, CR Metcalfe, GD Hanrahan, BM Currano, LJ Stoldt, CR AF Churaman, Wayne A. Becker, Collin R. Metcalfe, Grace D. Hanrahan, Brendan M. Currano, Luke J. Stoldt, Conrad R. BE Dickey, FM Beyer, RA TI Optical Initiation of Nanoporous Energetic Silicon for Safing and Arming Technologies SO OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR ARMING, SAFING, FUZING, AND FIRING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Technologies for Arming, Safing, Fuzing, and Firing VI CY AUG 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Raman spectroscopy; metastable intermolecular composite; nanoenergetic; porous silicon; explosive ID EMITTING POROUS SILICON; SPECTROSCOPY; STRESS; SHIFT AB Nanoporous silicon, commonly recognized for its photoluminescent properties, has gained attention as a new energetic material capable of energy density more than twice that of TNT. The addition of an oxidizer solution to inert nanoporous silicon results in an exothermic reaction when heat, friction, or focused light is supplied to the system. The energetic material can be integrated alongside microelectronics and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) for on-chip applications. This integration capability, along with the potential for large energetic yield, makes nanoporous energetic silicon a viable material for developing novel MEMS Safing and Arming (S&A) technologies. While ignition of nanoporous energetic silicon has been demonstrated for the purpose of propagation velocity measurements using a YAG laser, in this paper we show optical ignition for potential integration of the energetic with a miniaturized S&A device. Ignition is demonstrated using a 514nm laser at 37.7mW and a power density of 2.7kW/cm(2) at a stand-off distance of 23cm. Raman spectroscopy verifies that significant stress in porous silicon is produced by a laser operating near the power density observed to ignite porous silicon. Lastly, we integrate the nanoporous energetic silicon with a MEMS S&A, and demonstrate transfer to a firetrain consisting of one primary and one secondary explosive using a thermal initiator to ignite the nanoporous energetic silicon. C1 [Churaman, Wayne A.; Becker, Collin R.; Metcalfe, Grace D.; Hanrahan, Brendan M.; Currano, Luke J.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Churaman, WA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM wayne.churaman@arl.army.mil NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8291-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7795 AR 779506 DI 10.1117/12.860778 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BTQ32 UT WOS:000287761900003 ER PT J AU Wang, HZ Zhou, WM Zheng, JP AF Wang, H. Z. Zhou, W. M. Zheng, J. P. TI A 2D rods-in-air square-lattice photonic crystal optical switch SO OPTIK LA English DT Article DE Photonic crystal; Optical switches ID WAVE-GUIDES; CROSS-TALK AB A 2D photonic crystal optical switch is proposed based on a rods-in-air square-lattice photonic crystal by removing two cross-lines of rods from a 2D square-lattice photonic crystal to form four optical channels. The simulation results show that, when inserting a single rod along the diagonal line of the intersection area of two removed cross-lines of rods, the position of the single inserted rod determines how much incident energy goes into different channels. In the case of transverse magnetic (TM) Gaussian point source, time domain simulation shows that up to 87.3% of the incident energy can be switched into a channel, which is vertical to the source channel. Because there are two diagonal lines in the intersection area of two removed cross-lines of rods, the optical switch feature is achieved by shifting the inserted rod between two diagonal lines. It is also found that the magnitude of the reflected wave in the source channel varies greatly with spatial position of the single inserted rod. The larger the magnitude of the reflected wave in the source channel, the less the energy that goes into the switched channel. The time delay between the incident wave and the reflected wave in the source channel is also related to the position of the single inserted rod. In addition, the large time delay between the incident wave and the reflected wave in the source channel shows that the reflected wave encounters many reflections with the walls of the source channel, instead of waves reflected back from the single inserted rod. (C) 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, H. Z.; Zheng, J. P.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Wang, H. Z.; Zheng, J. P.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Zhou, W. M.] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zheng, JP (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM zheng@eng.fsu.edu FU US Army Research Laboratory [DAAD19-01-2-0014] FX This research was supported by the US Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-01-2-0014. The authors would like to thank Dr. Pedro Moss for his valuable suggestions and discussions. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0030-4026 J9 OPTIK JI Optik PY 2010 VL 121 IS 21 BP 1988 EP 1993 DI 10.1016/j.ijleo.2009.06.002 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 690EX UT WOS:000284986400017 ER PT S AU Hoffman, RC Pritchett, TM Orlicki, JA Dougherty, JM Lambeth, RH Rawlett, AM Herman, WN Park, DH AF Hoffman, Robert C. Pritchett, Timothy M. Orlicki, Joshua A. Dougherty, Joseph M. Lambeth, Robert H. Rawlett, Adam M. Herman, Warren N. Park, Dong Hun BE Herman, WN Flom, SR Foulger, SH TI High-Voltage Poling of Bulk Guest-Host Polymers SO ORGANIC THIN FILMS FOR PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc ID FILMS; ORIENTATION; GENERATION AB We describe for the first time the fabrication and poling of a 700 mu m thick bulk piece of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) doped with various concentrations of Disperse Red 1 (DR1). Maker fringe analysis demonstrates that poling fields of 57 Wpm to 71 V/mu m induce substantial ordering of the DR1 chromophores, resulting in birefringence and significant d(33) and r(33) values. The poling of thick sections of guest-host polymers will have applications for a range of electro-optic applications, including modulators and terahertz generation and detection. C1 [Hoffman, Robert C.; Pritchett, Timothy M.] USA, Res Lab, Attn AMSRD ARL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hoffman, RC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Attn AMSRD ARL SE EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM robert.c.hoffman@us.army.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2563-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1039 BP 97 EP 109 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BXR36 UT WOS:000296820200007 ER PT S AU Soares, JW Steeves, DM Singh, J Im, J Whitten, JE AF Soares, Jason W. Steeves, Diane M. Singh, Jagdeep Im, Jisun Whitten, James E. BE Teherani, FH Look, DC Litton, CW Rogers, DJ TI Effect of Surface Modification on the Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide Materials SO OXIDE-BASED MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Oxide-based Materials and Devices CY JAN 24-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA DE metal oxide; nanocrystalline; photoelectron spectroscopy; photoluminescence; silanes; zinc oxide ID ZNO THIN-FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLES; NANORODS AB The wide band gap and unique photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of nanocrystalline zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) make it useful for a variety of photonics and sensor applications. Toward the goal of modifying the electronic structure and optical properties of nano-ZnO, nanorods were functionalized with electron withdrawing organosilanes, 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDS) and pentafluorophenyltriethoxysilane (PFS), and a partially conjugated heterobifunctional molecule, p-maleimidophenyl isothiocyanate (PMPI). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of the modifiers on the nano-ZnO surface and verified covalent attachment. PL spectroscopy was performed to evaluate the influence of the modifiers on the nano-ZnO inherent optical behavior. An increase in the nano-ZnO near-band edge emission (UV) was evident for the organosilane modifiers, despite their differing electronic structures, while the defect emission (visible) remained unchanged. However, surface modification with the non-silane modifier PMPI resulted in unaltered UV and visible emission intensity. The varying influence of the modifiers may be due to the absence of a silane group in the PMPI, allowing for more efficient electron transport to the modifier. The influence of size/shape of the nanocrystalline ZnO was also examined by reacting spherical nanoparticles with PFDS. Preliminary results indicate that PFDS modification of the nanospheres resulted in similar PL behavior as the nanorods; although, the inherent PL of the spheres differs from the nanorods. These studies will elucidate the role of modifier structure on surface-modified nano-ZnO optical behavior, so that optical tailoring of the nano-ZnO inherent PL can be realized. C1 [Soares, Jason W.; Steeves, Diane M.] USA, Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Soares, JW (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM diane.steeves@us.army.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7999-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7603 AR 76031K DI 10.1117/12.842322 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BSA65 UT WOS:000284035700032 ER PT J AU Buckenmaier, CC Kwon, KH Howard, RS McKnight, GM Shriver, CD Fritz, WT Garguilo, GA Joltes, KH Stojadinovic, A AF Buckenmaier, Chester C., III Kwon, Kyung H. Howard, Robin S. McKnight, Geselle M. Shriver, Craig D. Fritz, William T. Garguilo, Gerard A. Joltes, Kristin H. Stojadinovic, Alexander TI Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Prospective Randomized Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Paravertebral Block with and Without Continuous Paravertebral Block Analgesia in Outpatient Breast Cancer Surgery SO PAIN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Regional Anesthesia; Paravertebral Nerve Block; Continuous Peripheral Nerve Block; Outcomes ID SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; AMBULATORY SURGERY; ANESTHESIA; INFUSION; HOME; PAIN AB Background. Paravertebral block (PVB) is an effective alternative to general anesthesia for breast cancer surgery. Continuous paravertebral block (CPVB) anesthesia may extend postoperative analgesia at home and improve quality of early postoperative recovery of breast cancer patients. Purpose. This double-blinded randomized trial was conducted to compare degree of pain, nausea, mood, level of symptom distress, and time to return to normal daily activity between PVB and PVB + CPVB in patients undergoing outpatient breast cancer surgery. Patients and Methods. Between July 2003 and April 2008 we randomly assigned 94 (73 evaluable) patients in a 1:1:1 ratio with early breast cancer to single injection PVB followed by CPVB infusion of 0.1% or 0.2% ropivacaine vs placebo (saline) for 48 hours postoperatively for unilateral breast cancer surgery without reconstruction. The primary study endpoint was the degree of pain, nausea, mood state, level of symptom distress, and recovery time. Results. Of the 468 patients assessed for eligibility, 94 consented and 21 with incomplete data or follow-up were excluded, leaving 73 subjects for analysis. There was no clinically significant difference in degree of postoperative pain, nausea, mood state, level of symptom distress, or return to normal activity among the three study groups. Conclusion. The current study does not support the routine use of continuous paravertebral catheter anesthesia in patients undergoing operative treatment for breast cancer. C1 [Buckenmaier, Chester C., III; Kwon, Kyung H.; McKnight, Geselle M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Anesthesia & Operat Serv, Def & Vet Pain Management Initiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Howard, Robin S.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Biostat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Shriver, Craig D.; Stojadinovic, Alexander] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Clin Breast Care Project, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Shriver, Craig D.; Stojadinovic, Alexander] US Mil Canc Inst, Clin Trials Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Fritz, William T.] Conemaugh Mem Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Johnstown, PA USA. [Garguilo, Gerard A.] Conemaugh Mem Med Ctr, Johnstown Breast Ctr, Johnstown, PA USA. [Joltes, Kristin H.] Conemaugh Mem Med Ctr, Acute Pain Serv, Johnstown, PA USA. RP Buckenmaier, CC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Anesthesia & Operat Serv, Def & Vet Pain Management Initiat, Bldg 2,Ward 44,Room 4418,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM chester.buckenmaier@amedd.army.mil FU Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine; DVPMI; John P. Murtha Neuroscience and Pain Institute FX We acknowledge Tiffany Felix for her invaluable assistance supported in part by the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine. We are grateful to the members and staff of the United States Military Cancer Institute and the Clinical Breast Care Project for their consistent support of this collaborative research effort. This clinical research effort was supported by the DVPMI and the John P. Murtha Neuroscience and Pain Institute. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-2375 J9 PAIN MED JI Pain Med. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 5 BP 790 EP 799 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 590EE UT WOS:000277206200019 PM 20546516 ER PT J AU Allcock, E Spencer, E Frazer, R Applegate, G Buckenmaier, C AF Allcock, Edward Spencer, Eliot Frazer, R. Applegate, Gregory Buckenmaier, Chester, III TI Continuous Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block Catheters in a Combat Surgical Environment SO PAIN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Transversus Abdominis Plane Analgesia; Continuous Peripheral Nerve Block; Postoperative Regional Anesthesia; Neuraxial Anesthesia and Coagulopathy; Combat Anesthesia ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; REGIONAL ANESTHESIA; ANALGESIC EFFICACY AB Objectives. The ongoing conflict in Afghanistan continues to generate a large number of complex trauma injuries and provides unique challenges to military anesthetists working in forward field hospitals. We report successful use of ultrasound-guided continuous transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in two Afghan war casualties who sustained major trauma with coagulopathy. The use of bilateral continuous TAP blocks following major thoracoabdominal trauma in a combat environment is unique in the literature. Design. Case report. Results. The acute perioperative outcomes of two Afghan civilian patients were improved with bilateral continuous TAP blocks. Multiple benefits shared by both patients included early extubation, excellent analgesia, and minimal post-operative morphine requirements despite the setting of a massive blood transfusion and coagulopathy. Conclusions. A continuous TAP block technique can be utilized to provide excellent analgesia following major abdominal surgery when neuraxial anesthesia is contraindicated. The TAP block's ease of placement under ultrasound guidance makes this technique particularly useful in the austere battlefield hospital environment. C1 [Spencer, Eliot] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Applegate, Gregory; Buckenmaier, Chester, III] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Anesthesia Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Applegate, Gregory; Buckenmaier, Chester, III] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Operat Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Buckenmaier, C (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Surg Anesthesia Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM chester.buckenmaier@amedd.army.mil OI Buckenmaier III, Chester/0000-0003-3623-5525 NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-2375 J9 PAIN MED JI Pain Med. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1426 EP 1429 DI 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00894.x PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 647SA UT WOS:000281638100016 PM 21050380 ER PT J AU Gallo, AC Codispoti, VT AF Gallo, Andrew C. Codispoti, Vincent T. TI Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type II Associated with Lumbosacral Plexopathy: A Case Report SO PAIN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Causalgia; Lumbosacral Plexopathy; Complex Regional Pain; Syndrome ID NEUROPATHIC PAIN; GABAPENTIN; CAUSALGIA AB Introduction. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a well-known clinical entity, first described in the 1800s, consisting of pain, hyperalgesia, edema, and sudomotor changes either without (Type I) or with (Type II) a definable nerve injury. CRPS Type II is most commonly caused by high velocity missile injuries, mononeuropathies, and partial nerve transections. Case Report. In this case, a 25-year-old soldier who sustained a blast injury causing multiple spinal compression fractures, extremity fractures, and pelvic and sacral fractures was transferred to a U.S. Army medical center for surgical management and rehabilitation. He complained of weakness, sensory changes, and pain in his left lower extremity. The patient also demonstrated swelling and hyperesthesia of the left foot and ankle. Undiagnosed soft tissue injury, fracture, and deep venous thrombosis were ruled out by imaging studies. The patient had an electromyogram/nerve conduction study (EMG/NCS) that showed widespread left sided lumbosacral plexopathy as well as possible cauda equina injury. Triple phase bone scan demonstrated findings consistent with CRPS of the left foot and ankle. He was started on a tricyclic antidepressant and an anticonvulsant. Physical and occupational therapy were quickly engaged to incorporate range of motion exercises, mirror therapy, and physical modalities. The patient continued conservative management and rehabilitation and eventually was discharged with significantly improved function and decreased pain. Conclusion. Although many causes of CRPS Type II have been described, this is only the second reported case of CRPS Type II secondary to lumbosacral plexopathy in the literature. C1 [Gallo, Andrew C.; Codispoti, Vincent T.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gallo, AC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM andrew.gallo@gmail.com NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-2375 J9 PAIN MED JI Pain Med. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1834 EP 1836 DI 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00996.x PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 691FQ UT WOS:000285066100015 PM 21134122 ER PT B AU Wright, WC Hendricks, MD Brockhaus, J AF Wright, William C. Hendricks, Michael D. Brockhaus, John BE Lee, J TI DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ELEVATION PROFILES AND SLOPE MAPPING METHODS SO PAPERS OF THE APPLIED GEOGRAPHY CONFERENCES, VOL 33 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Applied Geography Conference CY OCT 20-23, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Texas Christian Univ, Texas State Univ San Marcos, Binghamton Univ, George Mason Univ, E Carolina Univ C1 [Wright, William C.; Hendricks, Michael D.; Brockhaus, John] US Mil Acad, 525A Merritt Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Wright, WC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, 525A Merritt Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM williams.charles.wright@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUNY BINGHAMTON DEPT GEOGRAPHY PI BINGHAMTON PA BINGHAMTON, NY 13901 USA PY 2010 BP 230 EP 236 PG 7 WC Geography; Geography, Physical SC Geography; Physical Geography GA BG8OR UT WOS:000392561300026 ER PT S AU Suzuki, SM Stevens, RC Richter, RJ Cole, TB Park, S Otto, TC Cerasoli, DM Lenz, DE Furlong, CE AF Suzuki, Stephanie M. Stevens, Richard C. Richter, Rebecca J. Cole, Toby B. Park, Sarah Otto, Tamara C. Cerasoli, Douglas M. Lenz, David E. Furlong, Clement E. BE Reddy, ST TI Engineering Human PON1 in an E. coli Expression System SO PARAOXONASES IN INFLAMMATION, INFECTION, AND TOXICOLOGY SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Paraoxonases CY SEP 07-10, 2008 CL Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA SP US Def Dept, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Bristol Myers Squibb HO Univ Calif Los Angeles DE Recombinant PON1; Nerve agents; Diazoxon; OP therapy; Engineered PON1; E. coli expression; PON1 knockout mice ID HUMAN SERUM PARAOXONASE; PURIFICATION; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; ARYLESTERASE; PROTECTION; EVOLUTION; TOXICITY; PROTEIN; RABBIT; SOMAN AB Expression and purification of recombinant human paraoxonase-1 (rHuPON1) from bacterial systems have proven elusive. Most systems for successful production of recombinant PON1 have relied on either eukaryotic expression in baculovirus or prokaryotic expression of synthetic, gene-shuffled rabbit-mouse-human PON1 hybrid molecules. We review here methods and protocols for the production of pure, native rHuPON1 using an E. coli expression system followed by conventional column chromatographic purification. The resulting rHuPON1 is stable, active, and capable of protecting PON1 knockout mice (PON1(-/-)) from exposure to high levels of the organophosphorus (OP) compound diazoxon. Bacterially-derived rHuPON1 can be produced in large quantities and lacks the glycosylation of eukaryotic systems that produces immunogenic complications when used as a therapeutic. The rHuPON1 should be useful for treating insecticide OP exposures and reducing risks of other diseases resulting from low PON1 status. The ease of mutagenesis in bacterial systems will also allow for the generation and screening of rHuPON1 variants with enhanced catalytic efficiencies against nerve agents and other OP compounds. C1 [Suzuki, Stephanie M.; Richter, Rebecca J.; Cole, Toby B.; Furlong, Clement E.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Suzuki, Stephanie M.; Richter, Rebecca J.; Furlong, Clement E.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stevens, Richard C.] Univ Washington, Dept Med & Genome Sci, Div Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cole, Toby B.; Park, Sarah] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Park, Sarah] Dept Med, Div Med Genet, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Park, Sarah] Dept Genome Sci, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Otto, Tamara C.; Cerasoli, Douglas M.; Lenz, David E.] US Army Med Res, Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Suzuki, SM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM stephis@u.washington.edu; rstevensboston@gmail.com; rrichter@u.washington.edu; tobycole@u.washington.edu; ssp29@u.washington.edu; tamara.c.otto@us.army.mil; douglas.cerasoli@us.army.mil; david.lenz@us.army.mil; clem@u.washington.edu FU National Institutes of Health [E509883, ES04696, ES07033, ES09601/EPA: RD-83170901]; University of Washington Center for Process Analytical Chemistry [CFO1]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants E509883, ES04696, ES07033, and ES09601/EPA: RD-83170901, and a grant from the University of Washington Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CFO1). This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DEL, DMC and TCO). Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the US Army. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-60761-349-7 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2010 VL 660 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-350-3_5 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BOB96 UT WOS:000276140000005 PM 20221869 ER PT J AU Nguyen, CT Moreno-Cabral, CE Mahnke, CB AF Nguyen, Charles T. Moreno-Cabral, Carlos E. Mahnke, C. Becket TI Pacemaker Upgrade Causing New-Onset Heart Failure in a Patient with Complete Congenital Atrioventricular Block SO PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biventricular pacing; Congenital complete atrioventricular block; Dual-chamber pacing; Ventricular pacing AB For infants with congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB), the choice of pacing modalities is limited. Due to their size and surgical limitations, neonates typically start with an epicardial right ventricular pacing system, then upgrade to right-sided dual-chamber pacing once appropriate size is achieved. These modes are generally well tolerated. However, the reported case involved a patient with CCAVB who paradoxically experienced congestive heart failure after upgrading to a dual-chamber system, a theoretically superior pacing modality. With conversion to biventricular pacing, a relatively new modality for adults with very little pediatric experience to date, the patient's symptoms dramatically improved. C1 [Nguyen, Charles T.; Mahnke, C. Becket] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. [Moreno-Cabral, Carlos E.] Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Kapiolani Med Ctr Women & Children, Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. RP Nguyen, CT (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM charles.nguyen@amedd.army.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-0643 J9 PEDIATR CARDIOL JI Pediatr. Cardiol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 1 BP 106 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s00246-009-9525-z PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pediatrics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pediatrics GA 544RA UT WOS:000273675400019 PM 19768488 ER PT J AU Myers, TM Sun, W Saxena, A Doctor, BP Bonvillain, AJ Clark, MG AF Myers, Todd M. Sun, Wei Saxena, Ashima Doctor, Bhupendra P. Bonvillain, Andrew J. Clark, Matthew G. TI Systemic administration of the potential countermeasure huperzine reversibly inhibits central and peripheral acetylcholinesterase activity without adverse cognitive-behavioral effects SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Operant behavior; Visual recognition memory; Drug pharmacology; Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; Chemical warfare nerve agent therapy; Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta); Touch screen response ID CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE; ADJUNCT PRETREATMENT; COMPARED EFFICACY; WORKING-MEMORY; SOMAN TOXICITY; NERVE AGENTS; GUINEA-PIGS; PHYSOSTIGMINE; EXPOSURE AB Huperzine A is potentially superior to pyridostigmine bromide as a pretreatment for nerve agent intoxication because it inhibits acetylcholinesterase both peripherally and centrally, unlike pyridostigmine. which acts only peripherally. Using rhesus monkeys, we evaluated the time course of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition following four different doses of -(-)huperzine A: 5, 10, 20, and 40 mu g/kg. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition peaked 30 min after intramuscular injection and varied dose dependently, ranging from about 30% to 75%. Subsequently, cognitive-behavioral functioning was also evaluated at each dose of huperzine A using a six-item serial-probe recognition task that assessed attention, motivation. and working memory. Huperzine did not impair performance, but physostigmine did. The results demonstrate that huperzine A can selectively and reversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase without cognitive-behavioral side effects, thus warranting further study. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Myers, Todd M.; Bonvillain, Andrew J.; Clark, Matthew G.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Sun, Wei; Saxena, Ashima; Doctor, Bhupendra P.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Myers, TM (reprint author), 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen, MD 21010 USA. EM todd.myers2@us.army.mil NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 94 IS 3 BP 477 EP 481 DI 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.10.011 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 551RK UT WOS:000274226500021 PM 19909771 ER PT S AU Aranda, FJ Perry, J Archambault, D Belton, L Carlson, J Ziegler, D Kimball, B AF Aranda, Francisco J. Perry, Jeffrey Archambault, Deana Belton, Lauren Carlson, Joel Ziegler, David Kimball, Brian BE Yin, S Guo, R TI Optical properties of a retro-reflection fiber cross section formed via tri-component fiber extrusion SO PHOTONIC FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND INNOVATIONS IN DEVICE APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices - Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV CY AUG 01-02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Tri-component fiber; retro-reflection fiber; extrusion; refraction; diffraction; optical properties AB A retro-reflection, polymer fiber cross section is fabricated using a tri-component fiber extruder. The fiber cross section is comprised of a series of right angles. The right angles are retro-reflection features that run the entire length of the fiber. The retro-reflective features are formed by an extrusion process where the polymer fiber material is forced through a series of plates resulting in the cross section having the desired shape. Because the fiber cross sectional features form naturally by intersecting chords, the features scale naturally and have a tendency to maintain their form when the fiber is drawn to the desired diameter. Alternating the indices of refraction of the cross-sectional features allows for the realization of a number of unique and useful optical effects. The fiber cross section exhibits refraction and diffraction qualities as well as retro-reflection properties. As such, it exhibits prismatic and multiple-order diffraction interference. Hence, the fiber appears colorful when illuminated with white light. The colors can be controlled by a number of means: for example by the inclusion of dyes, nanoparticles, and by post-processing applications of thin films. C1 [Aranda, Francisco J.; Perry, Jeffrey; Archambault, Deana; Belton, Lauren; Carlson, Joel; Ziegler, David; Kimball, Brian] USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Fiber & Mat Phys Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Aranda, FJ (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Fiber & Mat Phys Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8277-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7781 AR 778107 DI 10.1117/12.859298 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTS02 UT WOS:000287926000005 ER PT S AU Gee, D Liu, HJ Currano, L Yu, MA AF Gee, Danny Liu, Haijun Currano, Luke Yu, Miao BE Fan, X Xiao, H Wang, A TI Enhanced directional sensitivity of a biomimetic MEMS acoustic localization sensor SO PHOTONIC MICRODEVICES/MICROSTRUCTURES FOR SENSING II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Microdevices/Microstructures for Sensing II CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Ormia ochracea; MEMS; directional microphone; acoustic; sound source localization ID FLY ORMIA-OCHRACEA; EARS AB We present an improved microfabricated sound localization sensor for unobtrusive surveillance systems inspired by the tympanic membranes of the parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea. The device consists of two silicon diaphragms mechanically coupled by a suspended beam that amplifies the difference in time response, dependent on the incident angle of the sound source. Fabrication techniques were modified to reduce residual stresses and improve device uniformity. Enhanced acoustic cues for devices with central pivoting anchors were measured with laser Doppler vibrometry. Device responses to weak excitations demonstrated good sensitivity over environmental noise. An order of magnitude in time difference amplification was measured at 90 incident angles with a directional sensitivity of .39 mu s/ degree. These results provide a foundation for realizing an accurate bio-inspired MEMS directional microphone. C1 [Gee, Danny; Currano, Luke] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gee, D (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM danny.gee@us.army.mil RI Liu, Haijun/A-5060-2016; Yu, Miao/M-6252-2013 OI Yu, Miao/0000-0003-4180-5094 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8146-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7682 AR 76820N DI 10.1117/12.850418 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS21 UT WOS:000285622100015 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, Howard E. TI Riemannian curvature in the differential geometry of quantum computation SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Quantum and Mesoscopic Thermodynamics (FQMT '08) CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 2008 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE Quantum computing; Quantum circuits; Riemannian geometry AB in recent developments in the differential geometry of quantum computation, the quantum evolution is described in terms of the special unitary group SU(2(n)) of n-qubit unitary operators with unit determinant. To elaborate on one aspect of the methodology, the Riemann curvature and sectional curvature are explicitly derived using the Lie algebra su(2(n)). This is germane to investigations of the global characteristics of geodesic paths and minimal complexity quantum circuits. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM hbrandt@arl.army.mil NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 BP 449 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2009.06.016 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 561DA UT WOS:000274954500042 ER PT S AU Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Shen, H Wraback, M Sun, W Shatalov, M Hu, X Yang, J Bilenko, Y Lunev, A Shur, MS Gaska, R Grandusky, JR Schowalter, LJ AF Garrett, G. A. Sampath, A. V. Shen, H. Wraback, M. Sun, W. Shatalov, M. Hu, X. Yang, J. Bilenko, Y. Lunev, A. Shur, M. S. Gaska, R. Grandusky, J. R. Schowalter, L. J. BE Bhattacharya, P Mishra, UK Keller, S Dora, Y TI Evaluation of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet emitter active regions by temperature dependent time-resolved photoluminescence SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 7, NO 10 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors (ISCS) CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL Santa Barbara, CA DE AlGaN; MBE; nanostructures; dislocations; defects; time-resolved photoluminescence AB Temperature dependent time-resolved photoluminescence is used to study the development of active regions for optoelectronic devices employing AlGaN nanostructures for deep-UV emission. The changing importance of dislocation versus point defects and their relationship to different forms of carrier localization are discussed. The results presented suggest that AlGaN nanostructure development for deep-UV emitters require both point defect/impurity suppression for improved efficiency and lower dislocation density for improved interface quality. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Garrett, G. A.; Sampath, A. V.; Shen, H.; Wraback, M.] USA, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Sun, W.; Shatalov, M.; Hu, X.; Yang, J.; Bilenko, Y.; Lunev, A.; Shur, M. S.; Gaska, R.] Sensor Elect Technol Inc, Columbia, SC 29209 USA. [Grandusky, J. R.; Schowalter, L. J.] Crystal IS Inc, Green Island, NY 12183 USA. RP Garrett, GA (reprint author), USA, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM gregory.a.garrett@us.army.mil RI Shur, Michael/A-4374-2016 OI Shur, Michael/0000-0003-0976-6232 NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2010 VL 7 IS 10 DI 10.1002/pssc.200983906 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BZG63 UT WOS:000301542300009 ER PT S AU Metcalfe, GD Shen, HE Wraback, M Hirai, A Koblmuller, G Gallinat, CS Speck, JS AF Metcalfe, Grace D. Shen, Hongen Wraback, Michael Hirai, Asako Koblmueller, Gregor Gallinat, Chad S. Speck, James S. BE Bhattacharya, P Mishra, UK Keller, S Dora, Y TI Nitride semiconductors as terahertz sources based on spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 7, NO 10 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors (ISCS) CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL Santa Barbara, CA DE InN/InGaN; quantum wells; MBE; THz radiation; strain-induced piezoelectric fields ID FIELD AB We investigate the effects of internal polarization-related drift and diffusion on the emitted THz radiation from m-plane (1 (1) over bar 00), a-plane (11 (2) over bar0), and c-plane (0001) nitride semiconductors. Enhanced THz radiation is observed from c-plane InN/InGaN multiple quantum wells as compared to c-plane bulk InN at 800 nm excitation wavelength. THz generation in the quantum well structure is due to surface normal transport in electric fields due to the termination of spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization at the well/barrier interfaces. From high stacking fault density nonpolar GaN, we observe further enhanced THz emission as compared to stacking fault free m-plane GaN. THz generation from the high stacking fault density m-plane GaN is attributed to in-plane transport in built-in fields due to stacking fault-terminated internal polarization. A similar effect is observed in m-plane as well as a-plane InN. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Metcalfe, Grace D.; Shen, Hongen; Wraback, Michael] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, RDRL SEE M, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Hirai, Asako; Koblmueller, Gregor; Gallinat, Chad S.; Speck, James S.] Univ Calif, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Koblmueller, Gregor] Tech Univ, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Metcalfe, GD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, RDRL SEE M, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM grace.metcalfe@us.army.mil; pshen@arl.army.mil RI Speck, James/H-5646-2011 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2010 VL 7 IS 10 DI 10.1002/pssc.200983855 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BZG63 UT WOS:000301542300025 ER PT S AU Shen, H Garrett, GA Wraback, M Zhong, H Tyagi, A DenBaars, SP Nakamura, S Speck, JS AF Shen, H. Garrett, G. A. Wraback, M. Zhong, H. Tyagi, A. DenBaars, S. P. Nakamura, S. Speck, J. S. BE Bhattacharya, P Mishra, UK Keller, S Dora, Y TI Polarization field crossover in semi-polar InGaN/GaN single quantum wells SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 7, NO 10 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors (ISCS) CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL Santa Barbara, CA DE InGaN/GaN; quantum wells; electroreflectance; polarization field ID PIEZOELECTRIC COEFFICIENTS; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; GALLIUM NITRIDE; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We present an electroreflectance study of the polarization field in semi-polar (10 (1) over bar(1) over bar) and (11 (2) over bar2) oriented InGaN quantum wells (QW). For the (10 (1) over bar(1) over bar) sample, the flat-QW condition (the electric field in the QW is zero) is at a reverse bias voltage. For the (11 (2) over bar2) sample, the flat-QW condition is at a forward bias voltage larger than the turn on voltage of the diode. However, the flat-barrier condition (the electric field in the barrier region is zero) is at a forward bias voltage less than the turn on voltage of the diode. The flat-QW condition and the flat-barrier condition are determined by examining the zero-crossing and the Franz-Keldysh oscillations in the electroreflectance signal for (10 (1) over bar(1) over bar) and (11 (2) over bar2) InGaN QWs, respectively. From the corresponding bias voltages, we deduce the polarization field in the QWs and conclude that in the semi-polar InGaN/GaN QW there is a crossover angle between the polar and non-polar orientations where the polarization field vanishes. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Shen, H.; Garrett, G. A.; Wraback, M.] USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Zhong, H.; Tyagi, A.; DenBaars, S. P.; Nakamura, S.; Speck, J. S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Zhong, H.; Tyagi, A.; DenBaars, S. P.; Nakamura, S.; Speck, J. S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Shen, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM pshen@arl.army.mil RI Speck, James/H-5646-2011 FU Solid State Lighting and Energy Center (SSLEC); DARPA VIGIL program FX The work at UCSB was supported by the Solid State Lighting and Energy Center (SSLEC) and by the DARPA VIGIL program. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2010 VL 7 IS 10 DI 10.1002/pssc.200983893 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BZG63 UT WOS:000301542300006 ER PT J AU Vanadit-Ellis, W Davis, L Sharp, M AF Vanadit-Ellis, W. Davis, L. Sharp, M. BE Springman, S Laue, J Seward, L TI Physical modelling of embankment vulnerability SO PHYSICAL MODELLING IN GEOTECHNICS, VOLS. 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics (ICPMG) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2010 CL ETH Zurich, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Int Soc Soil Mech & Geotechnical Engn, Tech Comm 2 Phys Modelling Geotech, Actidyn, Broadbent, Solexperts, Tekscan, Kanton Zurich, Stadt Zurich HO ETH Zurich AB Water-retaining embankment structures, such as earthen dams, rockfill dams, and river levees, are important components of any country's infrastructure. The breaching of one of these structures when water levels are high could conceivably lead to their complete collapse by erosion from water flow through the breach. Possible consequences could be catastrophic flooding of farmlands and urban areas, extensive casualties due to the lack of warning, and in some locations a long-term loss of hydroelectric power and river navigation. Previous centrifuge studies of cratering effects indicated that many issues related to this phenomenon could be addressed. The Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) performed a series of tests with the goal of developing an improved damage prediction model for embankments subjected to explosive attacks. C1 [Vanadit-Ellis, W.; Davis, L.; Sharp, M.] Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Vanadit-Ellis, W (reprint author), Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-84262-1 PY 2010 BP 1215 EP 1220 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BB7LF UT WOS:000345701300186 ER PT S AU Liu, ZJ Liu, LB Barrowes, B AF Liu, Zijian Liu, Lanbo Barrowes, Benjamin GP Electromagnet Acad TI Application of Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) Algorithm to Staggered-grid PSTD Modeling of Electromagnetic Waves SO PIERS 2010 CAMBRIDGE: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium CY JUL 05-08, 2010 CL Cambridge, MA SP Schlumberger-Doll Res, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat/Res Lab Elect, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad ID MAXWELLS EQUATIONS AB By applying the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse transform to represent the spatial derivatives, the pseudo-spectral time-domain (PSTD) method has achieved a spatial grid of only two points per wavelength while maintaining a high accuracy. Its computational speed can be further accelerated by applying alternating-direction implicit (ADI), which makes PSTD works even when the time step exceeds the maximum time step allowed under the Courant-Friedrich-Levy (CFL) condition. However, due to the unsuitability of FFT on non-continuou condition, conventional ADI-PSTD turns to be unstable in media with high property contrast. We have expanded current ADI-PSTD into staggered-grid ADI-PSTD. After applying the staggered-grid approach into our algorithm by shifting the spatial derivatives halfway between 2 adjacent nodes, the stability of the differentiation operators is enhanced. We will discuss the staggered-grid ADI-PSTD method in detail and apply it to the simulation of a half-space model. The analysis and discussion of the results show its advantages and further potential. C1 [Liu, Zijian; Liu, Lanbo] Univ Connecticut, Dept Biomed Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Liu, Lanbo; Barrowes, Benjamin] USACE Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Biomed Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-14-1 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2010 BP 125 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BAT93 UT WOS:000305490800024 ER PT S AU Liu, ZJ Liu, LB Barrowes, B AF Liu, Zijian Liu, Lanbo Barrowes, Benjamin GP Electromagnet Acad TI The Application of the Hilbert-Huang Transform in Through-wall Life Detection with UWB Impulse Radar SO PIERS 2010 CAMBRIDGE: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium CY JUL 05-08, 2010 CL Cambridge, MA SP Schlumberger-Doll Res, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat/Res Lab Elect, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad AB Hilbert-Huang Transformation (HHT) is a powerful tool for nonlinear and non-stationary data analysis. In this paper, a dataset using an ultra-wide (UWB) impulse radar system with central frequency of 1 GHz was collected for life motion detection behind a cinder block wall. To extract the information of life motions such as breathing and heartbeats from the raw data, we first applied the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the first step of HHT to decompose the signal (background signal included) into a family of the intrinsic mode functions (IMF's). We then apply Hilbert spectral analysis (HSA) to get the frequency spectra of different IMF's. After dividing by the spectrum of the background radar record (equivalent to de-convolving the background record in the time domain), we found that breathing appear as a spectral peak at 0.2-0.4 Hz and heart beating appears as 1.0-1.2 Hz. This is coinciding with real condition. Our preliminary results show that the HHT technique provides significant assistance in signal processing for the detection of human targets behind opaque obstacles. C1 [Liu, Zijian; Liu, Lanbo] Univ Connecticut, Sch Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Liu, Lanbo; Barrowes, Benjamin] USACE Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-14-1 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2010 BP 937 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BAT93 UT WOS:000305490800200 ER PT S AU Osgood, R Giardini, S Carlson, J Kimball, B Hoey, M Fernandes, GE Liu, ZJ Kim, JH Xu, JM Buchwald, W AF Osgood, Richard, III Giardini, Stephen Carlson, Joel Kimball, Brian Hoey, Megan Fernandes, Gustavo E. Liu, Zhijun Kim, Jin Ho Xu, Jimmy Buchwald, Walter BE Stockman, MI TI Coupled, large-area gold nanowire arrays for nanorectenna energy conversion SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics: Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties VIII CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Nanoantennas; nanodiodes; periodic metallic nanostructures; energy conversion; rectification; NIR/visible spectrum; optical properties AB Arrays of "nanorectennas", consisting of nanodiode-coupled nanoantennas, are of interest for converting visible/near-infrared (vis/nir) light into useful direct current. For efficient energy conversion, the nanoantenna array must have a high absorbance (for different polarizations and angles of incidence) and a large fill factor; i.e., the nanoantennas must be tightly packed together. We fabricate hexagonal, close-packed (similar to 100 nm nearest neighbor separation), large area (similar to 1 cm(2)) arrays of vertical (e. g., perpendicular to the substrate) Au nanowires (length < 1 mu m) on Si, by electrochemically depositing gold into a porous aluminum oxide template (a potentially inexpensive process scalable to large dimensions). Coupling of these nanowires causes a considerable blue-shift of the plasmonic resonance of a single Au nanowire when illuminated by p-polarized light from the infrared to the blue-green portion of the visible spectrum (similar to the s polarization resonance), enabling a nanorectenna with tuned response in the vis/nir regime, whose absorption is roughly polarization-independent and relatively insensitive to angle of incidence. We measure the off-normal reflectivity of these arrays, compare with simulations, and present experimental data on rectification and power generation in the attached Au-Si Schottky nanodiodes. C1 [Osgood, Richard, III; Giardini, Stephen; Carlson, Joel; Kimball, Brian; Hoey, Megan] USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Nanomat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Osgood, R (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Nanomat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-253-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7757 AR 775715 DI 10.1117/12.860174 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSU51 UT WOS:000285828300012 ER PT J AU Pyo, J Pasquina, PF DeMarco, M Wallach, R Teodorski, E Cooper, RA AF Pyo, Jay Pasquina, Paul F. DeMarco, Michael Wallach, Robert Teodorski, Emily Cooper, Rory A. TI Upper Limb Nerve Entrapment Syndromes in Veterans With Lower Limb Amputations SO PM&R LA English DT Article AB Objective: To examine the prevalence and severity of upper limb entrapment syndromes in a sample of veterans with lower limb amputations. Design: A descriptive survey, pilot study. Setting: 2008 National Disabled Veterans Winter Sports Clinic. Participants: Twenty participants with various lower limb amputations. Methods: All study participants completed a questionnaire that included symptoms of both upper limbs, medical history, time since amputation, medication history, use of assistive technology, and wheelchair characteristics. A physical examination and electrodiagnostic testing were then performed on each participant. The physical examination included an assessment of bilateral upper limb weakness or sensory abnormalities, thenar/hypothenar atrophy, deep tendon reflexes, Tinel test of the wrist and elbow, and the Phalen maneuver. All nerve conduction studies were performed by an American Board of Electrodiagnostic Medicine-certified physiatrist. Outcome Measures: Correlation between symptoms, examination findings, and electrodiagnostic findings with the participant's demographic data in the questionnaire. Results: Twenty participants (19 men and 1 woman) were enrolled in the study, with a total of 38 upper limbs evaluated. The mean age of the study population was 59 +/- 13 years, with an average of 23 years since the amputation. Sixteen (80%) of 20 participants had electrodiagnostic findings consistent with median neuropathy across the wrist (26/38 affected limbs, 6 participants with unilateral and 10 with bilateral findings), and 14 (70%) of 20 participants had ulnar entrapment neuropathy across the elbow (22/38 affected limbs, 6 participants with unilateral and 8 with bilateral findings). Several participants (6 of 20, 30%) were found to have electrodiagnostic evidence of ulnar entrapment neuropathy across the wrist (10 of 38 affected limbs, 2 participants unilateral and 4 bilateral findings). Conclusion: A high number of veterans with lower limb amputations presented with upper limb nerve entrapment syndromes. Careful attention to these nerve entrapment syndromes in lower limb amputees is necessary because the symptoms may be confounded by other chronic pain-related disorders. PM R 2010;2:14-22 C1 [Pyo, Jay; Pasquina, Paul F.; DeMarco, Michael] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Wallach, Robert] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Teodorski, Emily; Cooper, Rory A.] Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Dept Vet Affairs, Human Engn Res Labs, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Teodorski, Emily; Cooper, Rory A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Rehabil Sci & Technol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Pyo, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM pyoj78@gmail.com FU U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAMRAA) [W81XWH-08-1-0302]; Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare FX This research was funded by the U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAMRAA), Grant# W81XWH-08-1-0302 and was supported by resources at the Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1934-1482 J9 PM&R JI PM&R PD JAN PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.10.002 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA V23RE UT WOS:000208359100004 PM 20129508 ER PT S AU Felton, M Gurton, KP Pezzaniti, JL Chenault, DB Roth, LE AF Felton, M. Gurton, K. P. Pezzaniti, J. L. Chenault, D. B. Roth, L. E. BE Chenault, DB Goldstein, DH TI Comparison of the inversion periods for MidIR and LWIR polarimetric and conventional thermal imagery SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing IX CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Polarimetric imaging; thermal imaging; microbolometer; target contrast; inversion periods AB We report the results of a diurnal study in which radiometrically calibrated polarimetric and conventional thermal imagery are recorded in the MidIR and LWIR to identify and compare the respective time periods in which minimum target contrast is achieved. The MidIR polarimetric sensor is based on a division-of-aperture approach and has a 640x512 InSb focal-plane array, while the LWIR polarimetric sensor uses a spinning achromatic retarder to perform the polarimetric filtering and has a 324x256 microbolometer focal-plane array. The images used in this study include the S(0) and S(1) Stokes images of a scene containing a military vehicle and the natural background. In addition, relevant meteorological parameters measured during the test period include air temperature, ambient loading in the LWIR, relative humidity, cloud cover, height, and density. The data shows that the chief factors affecting polarimetric contrast in both wavebands are the amount of thermal emission from the objects in the scene and the abundance of MidIR and LWIR sources in the optical background. In particular, it has been observed that the MidIR polarimetric contrast was positively correlated to the presence of MidIR sources in the optical background, while the LWIR polarimetric contrast was negatively correlated to the presence of LWIR sources in the optical background. C1 [Felton, M.; Gurton, K. P.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Felton, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM mfelton@arl.army.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8136-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7672 AR 76720R DI 10.1117/12.850264 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS36 UT WOS:000285627100021 ER PT S AU Gurton, K Felton, M Mack, R LeMaster, D Farlow, C Kudenov, M Pezzaniti, L AF Gurton, Kristan Felton, Melvin Mack, Robert LeMaster, Daniel Farlow, Craig Kudenov, Michael Pezzaniti, Larry BE Chenault, DB Goldstein, DH TI MidIR and LWIR polarimetric sensor comparison study SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing IX CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID MUELLER MATRIX; ROC ANALYSIS AB We present a comparative study involving five distinctly different polarimetric imaging platforms that are designed to record calibrated Stokes images (and associated polarimetric products) in either the MidIR or LWIR spectral regions. The data set used in this study was recorded during April 14-18, 2008, at the Russell Tower Measurement Facility, Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, AL. Four of the five camera systems were designed to operate in the LWIR (approx. 8-12 mu m), and used either cooled mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) focal-plane-arrays (FPA), or a near-room temperature microbolometer. The lone MidIR polarimetric sensor was based on a liquid nitrogen (LN2) cooled indium antimonide (InSb) FPA, resulting in an approximate wavelength response of 3-5 mu m. The selection of cameras was comprised of the following optical designs: a LWIR "super-pixel," or division-of-focal plane (DoFP) sensor; two LWIR spinning-achromatic-retarder (SAR) based sensors; one LWIR division-of-amplitude (DoAM) sensor; and one MidIR division-of-aperture (DoA) sensor. Cross-sensor comparisons were conducted by examining calibrated Stokes images (e. g., S0, S1, S2, and degree-of-linear polarization (DOLP)) recorded by each sensor for a given target at approximately the same test periods to ensure that data sets were recorded under similar atmospheric conditions. Target detections are applied to the image set for each polarimetric sensor for further comparison, i.e., conventional receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and an effective contrast ratio are considered. C1 [Gurton, Kristan; Felton, Melvin] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gurton, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8136-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7672 AR 767205 DI 10.1117/12.850341 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS36 UT WOS:000285627100005 ER PT B AU Blank, S AF Blank, Stephen BE Galeotti, M TI Russia's Unending Quest for Security SO POLITICS OF SECURITY IN MODERN RUSSIA SE Post-Soviet Politics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Army War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Blank, S (reprint author), US Army War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9172-3; 978-0-7546-7408-5 J9 POST SOV POLIT PY 2010 BP 171 EP 193 PG 23 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BA2UT UT WOS:000333923500010 ER PT S AU Luo, Y Guo, J Wang, C Choi, KY Chu, D AF Luo, Y. Guo, J. Wang, C. Choi, K. Y. Chu, D. BE Gasteiger, HA Weber, A Strasser, P Edmundson, M Lamy, C Darling, R Uchida, H Schmidt, TJ Shirvanian, P Buchi, FN Mantz, R Zawodzinski, T Ramani, V Fuller, T Inaba, M Jones, D Narayanan, SR TI High Molecular Weight Copolymer Alkaline Fuel Cell Membrane via Miniemulsion Polymerization SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 10, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Symposium (PEFC) Conducted Under the Auspices of the 218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Energy Technol (ETD), Phys & Analyt Electrochem (PAED), Battery (BATT), Ind Electrochem & Electrochem Engn, Asahi Kasei E-Mat Corp, Ion Power Inc, UTC Power Corp, Umicore, Tokuyama Corp, Toyota Motor Eng & Mfg N Amer, Pine Res Instruments, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K K ID EXCHANGE MEMBRANES AB A novel copolymer, named QPMBV (quaternized poly (methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate-co-vinyl benzylchloride) (PMBV)) has been synthesized as the solid electrolyte for alkaline fuel cells. Miniemulsion polymerization has been used to achieve high molecular weight of PMBV (1,020,580 g/mol) to enhance mechanical property. GPC (Gel permeation chromatography), H-1-NMR (Proton nuclear magnetic resonance), and DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry) techniques were employed to characterize the copolymer. Fuel cell performance tests showed that a peak power of 25mW/cm(2) at the current of 40mA/cm(2) can be achieved in the relative humidity of 80% at 60 degrees C. C1 [Luo, Y.; Guo, J.; Wang, C.; Choi, K. Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chu, D.] US Army Res Lab, Ade Iphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Luo, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N000140810717]; Army Research Lab [W911NF0920007]; Army Research Office [W911NF0910028] FX The authors are grateful for the supports of this project by Office of Naval Research (N000140810717), Army Research Lab(W911NF0920007), and Army Research Office (W911NF0910028). NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-820-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1893 EP + DI 10.1149/1.3484681 PG 2 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science GA BDH94 UT WOS:000313331100186 ER PT S AU Morefield, SW Weiss, CA Malone, PG Hock, VF AF Morefield, Sean W. Weiss, Charles A., Jr. Malone, Philip G. Hock, Vincent F. BE Vafai, K TI Infilling of Pore Spaces in Mortar Using Electrically-Driven Solution Transport Systems SO POROUS MEDIA AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Porous Media and its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry CY JUN 20-25, 2010 CL Montecatini, ITALY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Engn Conferences Int DE electrophoresis; calcite; vaterite; aragonite; cement paste ID COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; POROSITY; CEMENT AB It has been widely established that all types of conventional concrete can be strengthened by reducing the porosity of the concrete matrix. Attempts to infill the pores by converting reactive phases such as calcium hydroxide into calcium carbonate have been partly successful, but the success of this approach has been limited by the amount of Ca(OH)(2) produced in the hydration of the concrete and by the positions of the new crystalline phases that are formed. These limitations can be overcome by using a combination of electrophoresis to move particles into concrete pores and the use of ion transport to move new dissolved reactants into the concrete mass. Bench scale experiments have demonstrated that significant density and strength increases can be obtained by electrophoretically moving seed crystals of selected mineral phases such as calcite, aragonite, or vaterite into the larger pores in concrete and then using a low-voltage DC current to migrate in calcium and carbonate ions to grow the selected crystalline phases in masses sufficient to fill up both large and small pores. This can be done in such a way as to leave even the reactive phases such as Ca(OH)(2) unaltered. The bulk pH of the concrete is not reduced in the mineralization process as it would be in simple carbonation. Pore in-filling using electrophoretic and electro-transport systems can potentially be of use in creating very high-density concrete for concrete pipes, and panels with lower porosity than can be obtained using carbonation or pressure infiltration. C1 [Morefield, Sean W.; Weiss, Charles A., Jr.; Malone, Philip G.; Hock, Vincent F.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Morefield, SW (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0803-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1254 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1063/1.3453822 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRL12 UT WOS:000282998600043 ER PT B AU Murin, S Bilello, K Moores, L Holley, A AF Murin, Susan Bilello, Kathryn Moores, Lisa Holley, Aaron BE Legato, MJ TI Gender Issues in Venous Thromboembolism SO PRINCIPLES OF GENDER-SPECIFIC MEDICINE, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; FACTOR-V-LEIDEN; SUSPECTED PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN; ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN; 3RD-GENERATION ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; MULTIPLE THROMBOPHILIC DEFECTS; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS C1 [Murin, Susan] Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Sacramento, CA USA. [Murin, Susan] Univ Calif Davis Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Sacramento, CA USA. [Bilello, Kathryn] Cent Calif Fac Med Grp, Fresno, CA USA. [Bilello, Kathryn] Univ Calif San Francisco, Fresno Program, Fresno, CA USA. [Moores, Lisa] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Holley, Aaron] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Dept Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Murin, S (reprint author), Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Sacramento, CA USA. NR 175 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-092150-1; 978-0-12-374271-1 PY 2010 BP 225 EP 243 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374271-1.00020-4 PG 19 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA BEO92 UT WOS:000317610700026 ER PT J AU Grantham, MAM Gaston, JR Letowski, TR AF Grantham, Marjorie A. M. Gaston, Jeremy R. Letowski, Tomasz R. GP Int Inst Acoust & Vibrat TI AUDITORY RECOGNITION OF THE DIRECTION OF WALKING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV) CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Cairo, EGYPT SP Int Inst Acoust & Vibrat, Acoust Soc Egypt, Ain Shams Univ, Nile Univ, Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Amer Soc MechEngineers Int, Inst Mech Engineers ID AUDIBLE MOVEMENT ANGLE; HORIZONTAL PLANE; SOUND SOURCES; PERCEPTION; MOTION; DISCRIMINATION; FREQUENCY; VELOCITY; CUES AB The ability to hear an enemy is a matter of battlefield survivability for a Soldier. Soldiers must often listen for the enemy in environments where there is little or no visual information available, for example, at night or in inclement weather. Important signatures of an approaching enemy include footsteps. The goal of the present study was to investigate how well listeners can auditorily identify the direction of approaching footsteps moving toward them. The main difficulty of this listening task is that both direction and distance information change continuously and are confounded by a continuously changing environmental background. The results of this study will be used to discuss listener performance limits, in addition to future research to support training for listeners with poor auditory motion recognition skills. C1 [Grantham, Marjorie A. M.; Gaston, Jeremy R.; Letowski, Tomasz R.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grantham, MAM (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM tom.letowski@us.army.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST ACOUSTICS & VIBRATION PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT, 270 ROSS HALL, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA PY 2010 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BG8NB UT WOS:000392489200124 ER PT J AU Letowski, T Amrein, B Ericson, M AF Letowski, Tomasz Amrein, Bruce Ericson, Mark GP Int Inst Acoust & Vibrat TI ENVIRONMENT FOR AUDITORY RESEARCH: DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND CAPABILITIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV) CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Cairo, EGYPT SP Int Inst Acoust & Vibrat, Acoust Soc Egypt, Ain Shams Univ, Nile Univ, Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Amer Soc MechEngineers Int, Inst Mech Engineers AB The Environment for Auditory Research (EAR) is a new U.S. Army research facility dedicated to spatial perception and speech communication research. The EAR is comprised of four indoor research spaces (Sphere Room, Dome Room, Distance Hall, and Listening Laboratory), one outdoor research space (OpenEAR), and one common control center (Control Room) that permits concurrent execution of three independent studies. The facility offers various acoustic test environments ranging from anechoic, through various simulated, to real field environments. The acoustic and audio capabilities of the EAR support a wide range of experimental studies, and the facility is available to both government and non-government researchers to conduct their own and joint research studies. This paper presents the design principles used in developing the EAR and the physical properties of the completed EAR facility. The goal of the paper is to present basic technical information about the facility to the research community that may consider conducting research studies in the EAR. C1 [Letowski, Tomasz; Amrein, Bruce; Ericson, Mark] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Letowski, T (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM tom.letowski@us.army.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST ACOUSTICS & VIBRATION PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT, 270 ROSS HALL, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA PY 2010 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BG8NB UT WOS:000392489200093 ER PT J AU Scanlon, MV AF Scanlon, Michael V. GP Int Inst Acoust & Vibrat TI ACOUSTIC LOCALIZATION USING A SINGLE MICROPHONE WITH MULTIPLE INLET CHANNELS FORMING A COMPOSITE WAVEFORM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV) CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Cairo, EGYPT SP Int Inst Acoust & Vibrat, Acoust Soc Egypt, Ain Shams Univ, Nile Univ, Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Amer Soc MechEngineers Int, Inst Mech Engineers AB A unique electromechanical system has been developed for determining the direction of arrival of acoustic waves using a single microphone within a multiple-channel inlet structure. This sensor configuration enables the approach direction of an acoustic wave to be determined by using multiple inlet channels of incrementally increasing lengths, which are also separated uniformly by angle. Each inlet channel's port samples the incoming acoustic planar wave-front as it passes over the device to produce individually-sampled waveforms that travel through their respective channels. These multiple channels containing the spatially sampled waveforms combine within a mechanical summation chamber through superposition to create a composite waveform that is sensed by the single microphone. This composite waveform is then analyzed using resulting timing features to determine the approach direction of the acoustic wave relative to the channel-array orientation. A two-microphone approach to this system has also been tested to allow comparisons between a passively sampled composite waveform and an unmodified originating waveform. Experimental results from a weapon's muzzle-blast will be presented. By using this described sensing method, system complexity and cost may be reduced when compared to conventional multi-channel sensor systems used to detect and localize on sniper shock waves, muzzle blasts, mortar/missile launches, and explosions. These systems typically use time-difference-of-arrival from multiple distributed acoustic sensors to determine azimuthal arrival direction. Systems with many microphones can result in increased cost and power requirements, precise inter-channel sample alignment, matched phase and amplitude specs for reduced signal correlation variations, and accurate placement of the microphones. C1 [Scanlon, Michael V.] US Army Res Lab, RDRL SES P, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Scanlon, MV (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, RDRL SES P, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM michael.scanlon@us.army.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST ACOUSTICS & VIBRATION PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT, 270 ROSS HALL, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA PY 2010 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BG8NB UT WOS:000392489200125 ER PT J AU Bash, M Pekarek, S Sudhoff, S Whitmore, J Frantzen, M AF Bash, Michelle Pekarek, Steve Sudhoff, Scott Whitmore, Jennifer Frantzen, Michelle GP IEEE TI A Comparison of Permanent Magnet and Wound Rotor Synchronous Machines for Portable Power Generation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 POWER AND ENERGY CONFERENCE AT ILLINOIS (PECI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI) CY FEB 12-13, 2010 CL Urbana, IL SP IEEE DE permanent magnet synchronous machine; wound rotor synchronous machine; design; efficiency; mass; rectifier; converter ID DESIGN; MODEL AB Permanent magnet and wound rotor synchronous machines (PMSMs and WRSMs) are often used in diesel engine-based portable power generation systems. In these applications, there is a growing desire to improve machine efficiency in order to reduce fossil fuel requirements. In addition, there is a desire to reduce mass to improve mobility. To attempt to address these competing performance objectives, a system analyst is confronted with numerous choices, including machine type (PM or WR), converter architecture (active/passive), and control. Herein, to assist the analyst, design tools capable of performing automated multi-objective optimization of PMSMs and WRSMs connected to both active and passive rectifiers are described. The tools are then used to derive tradeoffs between mass and efficiency for a 3 kW application. C1 [Bash, Michelle; Pekarek, Steve; Sudhoff, Scott] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Whitmore, Jennifer; Frantzen, Michelle] US Army, Power & Environm Control Engn, Support Branch, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bash, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mbash@purdue.edu; spekarek@purdue.edu; sudhoff@ecn.purdue.edu FU U.S. Army [DAAB07-03-D-B009/0083] FX This work was supported under contract DAAB07-03-D-B009/0083 with the U.S. Army. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5903-2 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1109/PECI.2010.5437165 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOZ83 UT WOS:000278193100001 ER PT S AU Arney, C Arney, K Peterson, E AF Arney, Chris Arney, Kristin Peterson, Elisha BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI MODELS AND METRICS OF GEOMETRIC COOPERATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS AB A basic way that entities can cooperate with one another is by sharing of tasks through synchronized movement to balance their geometric load. For example, players of a team defending a goal may be assigned equal-spaced zones to defend or units in a military force may be assigned equal-spaced sectors to control. As the dynamics of the situation unfold and as entities move, withdraw, or enter the space; the other entities cooperate by adjusting their positions to retain load balance. Various ways that this geometric cooperation can be accomplished, both from the perspectives of central and local control, are developed, analyzed, and simulated. This problem is related to other geometric cooperation problems such as movements in multi-player pursuit-evasion games and balancing loads for other generally non-geometric algorithms. The authors use the metrics to establish a framework for a theory of geometric cooperation. Simulations, metrics, and results of the algorithms' performance in various scenarios are presented. C1 [Arney, Chris; Arney, Kristin; Peterson, Elisha] US Mil Acad, Dept Math, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Arney, C (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM david.arney@usma.edu; kristin.arney@usma.edu; elisha.peterson@usma.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 1383 EP 1394 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5679054 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976701059 ER PT S AU Kaczynski, W Leemis, L Drew, J AF Kaczynski, William Leemis, Lawrence Drew, John BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI MODELING AND ANALYZING TRANSIENT MILITARY AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS ID STEADY-STATE SIMULATION; M/M/1 QUEUE; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB A theoretical application of transient queueing analysis is provided for military air traffic control. The exact distribution of the nth arriving or departing flight's sojourn time in an M/M/s queue with k flights initially present is reviewed. Algorithms previously developed for computing the covariance between sojourn times for an M/M/1 queue with k >= 0 flights present at time zero are provided and utilized. Maple computer code is utilized for practical applications in air traffic control of transient queue analysis for many system measures of performance without regard to traffic intensity (i.e., the system may be unstable with traffic intensity greater than one), thus negating the need for simulation. C1 [Kaczynski, William] US Mil Acad, 646 Swift Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Leemis, Lawrence; Drew, John] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Kaczynski, W (reprint author), US Mil Acad, 646 Swift Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM william.kaczynski@usma.edu; leemis@math.wm.edu; jhdrew@math.wm.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 1395 EP 1406 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5679051 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976701060 ER PT S AU Dabkowski, MF Huddleston, SH Kucik, P Lyle, D AF Dabkowski, Matthew F. Huddleston, Samuel H. Kucik, Paul Lyle, David BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI SHAPING SENIOR LEADER OFFICER TALENT: HOW PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT DECISIONS AND ATTRITION IMPACT THE FLOW OF ARMY OFFICER TALENT THROUGHOUT THE OFFICER CAREER MODEL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS AB Army Officers play a critical role in our nation's security strategy. Throughout a career of service, officers develop talents through a unique and rare set of experiences, education, and formal training. The demand by corporations for these talents, coupled with a distinct feature of the Officer Career Model, limited lateral entry, create significant retention challenges for the U. S. Army. Understanding how personnel policies, resources, and organizational decisions affect the flow of officer talent through the Officer Career Model is a first step in addressing these retention challenges. This analysis employs discrete event simulation to quantify the probable impacts of attrition on the distribution of talent available for service across the Army's officer ranks. C1 [Dabkowski, Matthew F.; Huddleston, Samuel H.; Kucik, Paul] US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Lyle, David] US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Dabkowski, MF (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM matthew.dabkowski@us.army.mil; samuel.huddleston@usma.edu; paul.kucik@usma.edu; da-vid.lyle@usma.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 1407 EP 1418 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5679052 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976701061 ER PT S AU Arney, C Peterson, E AF Arney, Chris Peterson, Elisha BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI PARTIAL LEADING IN PURSUIT AND EVASION GAMES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS ID MOTION CAMOUFLAGE AB Pursuit and evasion games encompass a large class of games in which one or more "pursuers" attempt to find and/or capture one or more "evaders". These games have immense practical importance, yet their mathematics is not fully-understood outside of a limited number of simple cases. This paper introduces PursuitSim, a simulation platform for pursuit and evasion games in which the user interactively explores these games by dynamically adjusting algorithm parameters. The dynamic and exploratory nature of the platform allows the user to quickly ascertain broad patterns and test hypotheses. We discuss insights gained using the platform on the efficacy of "leading" strategies in situations where the pursuer can make reasonable assumptions about the path of the evader. C1 [Arney, Chris; Peterson, Elisha] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Arney, C (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM david.arney@usma.edu; triathematician@gmail.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 1419 EP 1430 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5679049 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976701062 ER PT S AU Gallant, S Gaughan, C AF Gallant, Scott Gaughan, Chris BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI SYSTEMS ENGINEERING FOR DISTRIBUTED LIVE, VIRTUAL, AND CONSTRUCTIVE (LVC) SIMULATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS AB Designing a distributed simulation environment across multiple domains that typically have disparate middleware transport protocols, data exchange formats and applications increases the difficulty of capturing and linking system design decisions to the resultant implementation. Systems engineering efforts for distributed simulation environments are typically based on the middleware transport used, the applications available and the constraints placed on the technical team including network, computer and personnel limitations. To facilitate community re-use, systems engineering should focus on integrated operational function decomposition. This links data elements produced within the simulation to the functional capabilities required by the user. The system design should be captured at a functional level and subsequently linked to the technical design. Doing this within a data-driven systems engineering infrastructure allows generative programming techniques to assist accurate, flexible and rapid architecture development. This paper describes the MATREX program systems engineering process, infrastructure and path forward. C1 [Gallant, Scott] Effect Applicat Corp, 318 Osprey Lakes Circle, Chuluota, FL 32766 USA. [Gaughan, Chris] US Army Res Dev & Engn Command, Simulat & Training Technol Ctr STTC, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Gallant, S (reprint author), Effect Applicat Corp, 318 Osprey Lakes Circle, Chuluota, FL 32766 USA. EM Scott@EffectiveApplications.com; Chris.Gaughan@us.army.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 1501 EP 1511 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5679044 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976701069 ER PT J AU Fuselier, JC AF Fuselier, Jenny C. TI HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OVER F-p AND RELATIONS TO ELLIPTIC CURVES AND MODULAR FORMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FINITE-FIELDS; SERIES; VALUES AB For primes p equivalent to 1 (mod 12), we present an explicit relation between the traces of Frobenius on a family of elliptic curves with j-invariant 1728/t and values of a particular F-2(1)-hypergeometric function over F-p. We also give a formula for traces of Hecke operators on spaces of cusp forms of weight k and level 1 in terms of the same traces of Frobenius. This leads to formulas for Ramanujan's tau-function in terms of hypergeometric functions. C1 [Fuselier, Jenny C.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Fuselier, JC (reprint author), High Point Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Drawer 31, High Point, NC 27262 USA. EM jfuselie@highpoint.edu NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0002-9939 J9 P AM MATH SOC JI Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 138 IS 1 BP 109 EP 123 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 543XO UT WOS:000273614200012 ER PT B AU Rogers, J Rabb, R AF Rogers, John Rabb, Robert GP ASME TI CONTROL THEORY IN PRACTICE: MAGNETIC LEVITATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH BIENNIAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING SYSTEMS DESIGN AND ANALYSIS, 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th ASME Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis CY JUL 12-24, 2010 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP ASME, Petroleum Div AB A device that levitates a steel ball beneath an electromagnet is used for educational purposes at the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York. Students in the course "Mechatronics" engage in a set of laboratory exercises with the device to reinforce classroom learning. Mechatronics is a senior-level course that introduces the interdisciplinary design of smart systems. Students in the electrical engineering and mechanical engineering programs take the course together, and the material is taught by a team of instructors from both academic departments. The Magnetic Levitation experiments are the primary means of teaching the classical analog control portion of the course. Other aspects of the course involve interfacing microcontrollers with sensors and actuators, and digital control. The magnetic levitation device fits easily on a two-person workbench and requires a power supply and oscilloscope. An infra-red emitter / detector pair is used to sense ball position for a feedback compensator. Students first learn classical control theory in a co-requisite course, "Dynamic Modeling and Control." Modeling principles are introduced in the context of the magnetic levitation system as an unstable plant to be controlled. The system can be simulated by models ranging from simply linear to more complex to teach the trade-off between model fidelity and model development effort. The students derive the nonlinear governing equations and then linearize the equations and develop the transfer function of the plant. Students design a compensator and simulate the resulting stabilized system with Matlab and Simulink software. Students build their compensator on a solderless project board to levitate the steel ball. A proven lead-type compensator using two resistors and a capacitor is readily provided to students that struggle with their own compensator design so that all teams may enjoy the fruit of a successful experiment. As a laboratory aid, the magnetic levitation system allows for basic and advanced approaches to both theoretical study and practical investigation of a nonlinear, unstable system control. The comparison of measured results to predicted behavior leads to insight about how the physical system is modeled by mathematics. Students write a case study describing the system in detail including characterization of the sensors and actuators. Instructors report that the hands-on nature motivates students to excel. Surveyed students cite the hands-on activities as relevant applications that help develop deeper understanding and greater appreciation for the concepts learned in the classroom. The students are motivated to learn by the fascination of defying gravity. C1 [Rogers, John; Rabb, Robert] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rogers, J (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4916-3 PY 2010 BP 823 EP 829 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BVB69 UT WOS:000290977200100 ER PT B AU Lux, S Nelson, A Josefik, N Holcomb, F AF Lux, Scott Nelson, Arif Josefik, Nicholas Holcomb, Franklin GP ASME TI COMPONENT FAILURE ANALYSIS FROM A FLEET OF PEM FUEL CELLS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology CY JUN 14-16, 2010 CL Brooklyn, NY SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div ID SYSTEMS; POWER AB The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) managed the Residential Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Demonstration. The U.S. Congress funded this project for fiscal years 2001-2004. A fleet of 91 residential-scale PEM fuel cells, ranging in size from 1-5 kW, was demonstrated at various U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) facilities worldwide. This detailed analysis looks into the most prevalent means of failure in the PEM fuel cell systems as categorized from the stack, reformer, and power-conditioning systems as well as the subsequent subsystems. Also evaluated are the lifespan and failure modes of selected fuel cell components, based on component type, age, and usage. The analysis shows while the fuel cell stack components had the single highest number of outages, the balance of plant made for 60.6% of the total outages. The hydrogen cartridges were the most prevalent component replaced during the entire program. The natural gas fuel cell stacks had the highest average operational lifetime; one stack reached a total of 10,250 hours. C1 [Lux, Scott; Nelson, Arif; Josefik, Nicholas; Holcomb, Franklin] USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Lux, S (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4405-2 PY 2010 BP 489 EP 495 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BVC14 UT WOS:000291011500058 ER PT B AU O'Brien, DJ Baechle, DM Wetzel, ED AF O'Brien, Daniel J. Baechle, Daniel M. Wetzel, Eric D. GP ASME TI PERFORMANCE METRICS FOR STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE CAPACITORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures, and Intelligent Systems Conference CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2010 CL Philadelphia, PA SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst ID RAILGUN AB In previous efforts, structural composite capacitors were developed using off-the-shelf starting materials and conventional composites processing techniques [1]. Assuming a stiffness-driven design we showed that while these devices may not perform individual structural or energy storage functions as well as their conventional monofunctional counterparts, on a system level they perform these functions efficiently enough to save mass. In this work we examine the efficacy of these structural capacitors in saving mass for a strength-based design. We also consider the multifunctional performance assuming a stiffness-driven design in which the goal is to save overall system volume. Experiments and analysis show that the best-performing structural capacitors simultaneously reduce overall system mass and volume. C1 [O'Brien, Daniel J.; Baechle, Daniel M.; Wetzel, Eric D.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP O'Brien, DJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4416-8 PY 2010 BP 215 EP 221 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BVA74 UT WOS:000290916200030 ER PT B AU Clark, DA Owen, AK Kascak, AF Porter, BJ AF Clark, David A. Owen, Albert K. Kascak, Albert F. Porter, Brian J. GP ASME TI INVESTIGATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF A SMALL INTERMITTENT INTERNAL COMBUSTION HEAVY-FUELED ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div HO SW Res Inst AB Since 2004, the Department of Defense (DoD) has had the stated goal of transitioning all engine systems to use a single fuel - JP-8. This "one fuel forward" initiative simplifies logistical issues, improves safety, and increases combat effectiveness. To improve technologies required to run Intermittent Internal Combustion (IIC) engines on lower volatility heavy fuels, the US Army Vehicle Technology Directorate (VTD) acquired and tested a small IIC engine and developed procedures allowing the operation of this engine on JP-8. The program consisted of engine simulation, engine testing and flight demonstration. Several strategies are presented to enhance the engine operation based on thermal management techniques and fuel injection. C1 [Clark, David A.; Owen, Albert K.; Kascak, Albert F.] USA, Army Res Lab, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Clark, DA (reprint author), USA, Army Res Lab, VTD, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4944-6 PY 2010 BP 215 EP 224 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUW37 UT WOS:000290505600023 ER PT B AU Pereira, CM Rastegar, J AF Pereira, Carlos M. Rastegar, Jahangir GP ASME TI HIGH-G HARDENED SENSORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internationl Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 15-18, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Design Engn Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB The state of the art in shock resistant accelerometer and gyro design is to use smaller proof mass, thereby reducing the related forces that are generated as a result of high acceleration levels. Physical stops are also provided to limit the maximum proof mass displacement/rotation. The introduction of MEMS technology has made it possible to significantly reduce the proof mass. However, all existing accelerometer/gyro designs for high shock resistance suffer from low sensitivity at the very low acceleration levels required for guidance and control purposes, and from long settling time. The basic method of design and the concepts described in this patent provide the means to alleviate these shortcomings. The novelty in these designs is in the provision of the means to lock the proof mass in its "null" position during the high accelerations, such as during shock (impact) loading, and release it afterwards. The locking mechanism may be passive or active. As a result, the settling time of the proof mass is minimized and the precision with which the sensor can make its measurements is significantly increased. C1 [Pereira, Carlos M.] USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Pereira, CM (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4410-6 PY 2010 BP 1219 EP 1220 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BFJ16 UT WOS:000320068900128 ER PT B AU Consuegra, B Flowers, GT AF Consuegra, Brittany Flowers, George T. GP ASME TI SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS STRATEGIES FOR FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION IN HIGH SPEED TURBOMACHINERY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 1, PT B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Info Engn Div ID CONTROL VALVE; FLOW AB High pressure seals are usually mounted between the rotating and stationary components in high-pressure turbomachinery and often experience intense vibration. These vibrations can interact with the fluid to produce unsteady flows, which can in turn induce structural vibrations that result in machine failure. The reduction of the adverse effects of these vibrations is considered one of the most challenging problems for turbopump design. However, detailed analyses of such fluid-structure interaction problems can be extremely time-consuming and inefficient. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of simplified, lumped-parameter techniques in analyzing and predicting such behavior, as compared to more sophisticated techniques, with the goal of defining the range of validity for such techniques. A fluid-structure driven vibration is evaluated using a lumped parameter analysis for a wide range of parametric configurations and the results are validated and compared using a bench-top laboratory test rig. C1 [Consuegra, Brittany] USA, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. RP Consuegra, B (reprint author), USA, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4898-2 PY 2010 BP 839 EP 843 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BUV65 UT WOS:000290466700007 ER PT B AU Jankowski, NR McCluskey, FP AF Jankowski, Nicholas R. McCluskey, F. Patrick GP ASME TI ELECTRICAL SUPERCOOLING MITIGATION IN ERYTHRITOL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2010, VOL 7: NATURAL CONVECTION, NATURAL/MIXED CONVECTION, NUCLEAR, PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS, SOLAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Washington, DC ID THERMAL-ENERGY-STORAGE; PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS; FREEZE CONTROL; ICE CRYSTALS; HEAT-STORAGE; WATER; TEMPERATURE; NUCLEATION; LIQUID; NUCLEUS AB This report describes an experimental investigation into the effect of electric current in reducing the supercooling of erythritol. Previous studies have identified crythritol as a prime material candidate for moderate temperature thermal energy storage (TES) systems due to its high latent heat of fusion and melting temperature (118 degrees C), but it has also shown excessive supercooling, sometimes exceeding 65 degrees C [1]. Various methods for controlling or reducing supercooling are reviewed, including work by Shichiri and Hozumi showing that a small electric current passed through supercooled water is highly effective in initiating nucleation [2,3]. In the present study, the authors demonstrate a similar effect with erythritol by subjecting a sample to repeated thermal cycles with and without the application of a direct electric current. The control cases without electric current showed a highly variable recrystallization temperature ranging from 67 degrees C to 109 degrees C (or supercooling magnitudes from 9 to 51 degrees C). Passing a direct current through the sample using silver wire electrodes significantly shifted the material's nucleation behavior. The local nucleation temperature only varied from 108 degrees C to 112 degrees C (or 6-10 degrees C of supercooling), and nucleation always occurred on the positive electrode surface. Control cases both before and after the electrical trials indicated no noticeable change in sample crystallization behavior. C1 [Jankowski, Nicholas R.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Jankowski, NR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM nicholas.jankowski@us.army.mil; mcclupa@umd.edu NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4942-2 PY 2010 BP 409 EP 416 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BBK62 UT WOS:000307209200048 ER PT B AU Troiano, E Underwood, JH Parker, AP Mossey, C AF Troiano, E. Underwood, J. H. Parker, A. P. Mossey, C. GP ASME TI POST AUTOFRETTAGE THERMAL TREATMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON RE-YIELDING OF HIGH STRENGTH PRESSURE VESSEL STEELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2009, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The autofrettage process of a thick walled pressure vessel involves applying tensile plastic strain at the bore of the vessel which reverses during unloading and results in favorable compressive residual stresses at the bore and prolongs the fatigue life of the component. In thick walled pressure vessels this process can be accomplished with either a hydraulic or mechanical overloading process. The Bauschinger effect, which is observed in many of the materials used in thick walled pressure vessels, is a phenomenon which results in lower compressive residual stresses than those predicted with classic ideal isotropic hardening. The phenomenon is a strong function of the amount of prior tensile plastic strain. A novel idea which involves a multiple autofrettage process has been proposed by the present authors. This process requires a low temperature post autofrettage thermal treatment which effectively returns the material to its original yield conditions without affecting its residual stress state. Details of this low temperature thermal treatment are proprietary. A subsequent second autofrettage process generates a significantly lower amount of plastic strain during the tensile re-loading and results in higher compressive residual stresses. This paper reports the details of exploratory tests involving tensile and compressive loading of a test coupon, followed by a low temperature post plastic straining thermal treatment, and subsequent re-loading in tension and compression. Finally results of a full scale Safe Maximum Pressure (SMP) test of pressure vessels are presented; these tests indicate a significant increase (11%) in SMP. C1 [Troiano, E.; Underwood, J. H.; Mossey, C.] USA, RDT&E Ctr, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Troiano, E (reprint author), USA, RDT&E Ctr, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4368-0 PY 2010 BP 131 EP 135 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BQZ37 UT WOS:000282195600015 ER PT B AU Underwood, JH Carter, RH Troiano, E Parker, AP AF Underwood, John H. Carter, Robert H. Troiano, Edward Parker, Anthony P. BE Stang, D Keltjens, J Springer, WT Cory, JF Dixon, RD Simpson, K Morgan, C Rodriguez, EA Minichiello, J Leishear, R TI MECHANICS DESIGN MODELS FOR ADVANCED PRESSURE VESSELS: AUTOFRETTAGE WITH HIGHER STRENGTH STEEL; STEEL LINER - COMPOSITE JACKET CONFIGURATIONS; ALTERNATIVE THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 5 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID CANNONS AB Solid mechanics models are described of mechanical and thermal stresses in 1000-1400 MPa yield strength, autofrettaged, steel pressure vessels. Modeling results describe idealized advanced vessel configurations with improved resistance to mechanical damage from internal pressure and thermal damage from transient internal heating. [i] Calculations of autofrettage hoop residual stresses are based on the classic Hill elastic-plastic results for thick-wall tubes, with modifications to account for the Bauschinger-reduced compressive strength of the tube steel near the bore. [ii] Stresses in metal liner - composite jacket tubes are calculated using the Parker layered-tube model, which gives applied and residual elastic stresses for two-layer tubes with specified properties and interference between layers. [iii] Transient thermal stresses in bore barrier coatings are calculated using the finite difference methods of Witherell, describing one-dimensional, convection-conduction heat flow, focusing on near-bore temperatures using time-dependent combustion gas temperatures and convection coefficient data from interior ballistic codes. Temperatures are obtained for various thicknesses of metallic and ceramic coatings on steel substrate, using temperature-dependent conductivity and diffusivity data for the coatings and substrate. In-situ verification of calculated temperature profiles is done by comparing with metallographic observation of depths of the steel phase transformation and the known characteristic transformation temperature. When the transient shear stress near the interface exceeds the reduced elevated-temperature strength of the interface, coating segments are modeled to be lost by shear failure, which in turn would lead to rapid hot-gas erosion of the steel substrate. Results of the model calculations are used to identify potential improvements in advanced pressure vessels, using idealized configurations as examples. [i] Autofrettage of higher strength steel vessels shows significant increase in both yield pressure and fatigue life, but poorer resistance to both hydrogen cracking and yield-before-break final failure, compared to traditional lower strength designs of equivalent weight. [ii] Vessels with steel liner and either high strength carbon/epoxy or unidirectional Al(2)O(3)/Al jacket and high liner-jacket interference show similar fatigue life to that of all-steel designs of equivalent weight. However radial compressive crushing of composite materials in transverse orientation limits composite jacketed vessels to lower applied pressure than all-steel designs. [iii] Metal thermal barrier coatings generally suffer from compressive yielding at elevated temperatures near the bore, leading to tensile residual stress, cracking, and erosion failure. The higher hot strength of a Si(3)N(4) ceramic provides significant improvement in yielding and cracking resistance and thus erosion resistance, compared with metal coatings subjected to the same thermal conditions. C1 [Underwood, John H.] USA, Benet Labs, Battelle Sci Serv, Watervliet, NY USA. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), USA, Benet Labs, Battelle Sci Serv, Watervliet, NY USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4924-8 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG83 UT WOS:000291502300001 ER PT B AU Carter, RH Gray, DM AF Carter, Robert H. Gray, David M. BE Stang, D Keltjens, J Springer, WT Cory, JF Dixon, RD Simpson, K Morgan, C Rodriguez, EA Minichiello, J Leishear, R TI GUN LINER EMPLACEMENT USING ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 5 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The development of a process to emplace a refractory metal liner inside a gun tube is described. The process consists of filling the liner with an elastomeric material and then slipping this arrangement into the gun tube whose inner diameter is close to the outer diameter of the liner. The ends of the liner are plugged with plastic disks and pressure is applied to the elastomeric material by a load frame. This pressure can produce a residual internal stress within the steel gun tube that produces a frictional bond between the liner and gun tube. Initial efforts have resulted in bond strengths over 3 ksi (21 MPa). In addition, by tailoring the degree of lubrication between the elastomeric material and the liner, a graded autofrettage can be produced in the steel gun tube. C1 [Carter, Robert H.; Gray, David M.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Carter, RH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4924-8 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG83 UT WOS:000291502300015 ER PT B AU Kraft, R AF Kraft, Reuben GP ASME TI MECHANISMS OF HEAD INJURY DURING HIGH-RATE BLAST AND BLUNT IMPACT EVENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2010 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference CY JUN 16-19, 2010 CL Naples, FL SP ASME, Bioengineer Div, Natl Inst Health, Natl Sci Fdn C1 USA, High Rate Mech & Failure Branch, Protect Div, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kraft, R (reprint author), USA, High Rate Mech & Failure Branch, Protect Div, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4403-8 PY 2010 BP 809 EP 810 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BUY47 UT WOS:000290705300405 ER PT J AU Haridim, M Bank, M Levin, B Rechels, T Levy, Y AF Haridim, M. Bank, M. Levin, B. Rechels, T. Levy, Y. GP IEEE TI Near Region Field of Antennas in Piecewise-Homogeneous Media SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 12-16, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP esa, CST, FEKO, TICRA, ANSOFT, ANSYS, speag, fractus, IET, WILEY-BLACKWELL, EPFL, EUREL, UPC DE Antenna theory; Compensation; Electromagnetic compatibility; Mobile antennas; Mutual coupling AB The mutual effect of electric dipoles located in the near region of each other is considered. The problem is solved with due account of that the space is a heterogeneous medium with an equivalent permittivity. Calculations are based on the theory of folded dipoles. It is shown that by means of a compensation method one can produce a weak field in a given area and diminish a user's irradiation. The calculation and experimental results are presented and validate the high efficiency of the compensation method. C1 [Haridim, M.; Bank, M.; Levin, B.; Rechels, T.] HIT Holon Inst Technol, Golomb St 52, Holon, Israel. [Levy, Y.] US Army, CERDEC S&TCD, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Haridim, M (reprint author), HIT Holon Inst Technol, Golomb St 52, Holon, Israel. EM levinpaker@gmail.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-84-7653-472-4 PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXN69 UT WOS:000296541700022 ER PT J AU Wang, X Zaghloul, AI AF Wang, Xiao Zaghloul, Amir I. GP IEEE TI Near-Isotropic Negative Refraction Simulation in Metamaterials Using Geometrical Optics and Scattering Matrix Parameters SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 12-16, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP esa, CST, FEKO, TICRA, ANSOFT, ANSYS, speag, fractus, IET, WILEY-BLACKWELL, EPFL, EUREL, UPC AB This paper presents a simulation of the negative refraction of a metamaterial structure that shows near-isotropic characteristics. The calculation of the negative refractive index is done using geometrical optics based on Snell's law, and using the constitutive parameters that are derived from scattering matrix simulation. The unit cell is a cross arrangement of two planes that contain a capacitively-loaded loop plus post (CLL-P) pattern in each of the planes. The agreement between the two computation methods and the incidence-angle-independent results show that the structure is nearly isotropic. C1 [Wang, Xiao] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zaghloul, Amir I.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM xwang@vt.edu; amir.zaghloul@us.army.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-84-7653-472-4 PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXN69 UT WOS:000296541704080 ER PT S AU McMillan, RW AF McMillan, R. W. GP IEEE TI Atmospheric Turbulence Effects on Radar Systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE angle-of-arrival; AOA; diffraction limited; microwave beams; turbulent atmosphere; signal-to-clutter-and-noise; ultrawideband; detection probability ID SCINTILLATION; FLUCTUATIONS; PROPAGATION AB Atmospheric turbulence has been shown to have measurable effects on several aspects of radar performance. In this paper we discuss the perturbation of the angle-of-arrival (AOA) of radar beams caused by the atmosphere, the effects of lognormal- and Weibull-distributed clutter on detection performance, and the detection probability of ultrawideband pulses propagated through the atmosphere in the presence of turbulence and Gaussian noise. We find that AOA effects are on the order of a few microradians, which is a negligible level for most applications, but that clutter and noise, when combined with turbulent fluctuations, give some surprising results when the ratio of signal to clutter and noise is calculated. The detection of ultrawideband pulses is analogous to the "needle in a haystack" problem. In this paper, we present theories describing each of these phenomena, together with calculated results. For AOA, we have made measurements for one-way propagation that agree well with this theory, but the other phenomena have yet to be measured. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP McMillan, RW (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. EM bob.mcmillan@us.army.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 181 EP 196 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712944 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100030 ER PT J AU Grujicic, M He, T Arakere, G Yalavarthy, HV Yen, CF Cheeseman, BA AF Grujicic, M. He, T. Arakere, G. Yalavarthy, H. V. Yen, C-F Cheeseman, B. A. TI Fully coupled thermomechanical finite element analysis of material evolution during friction-stir welding of AA5083 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE fully coupled thermomechanical finite element analysis; friction-stir welding; welding plates; Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; 6061-T6 ALUMINUM; WELDED-JOINTS; MATERIAL FLOW; MICROSTRUCTURE; PARAMETERS; SIMULATION; SPEED; MODEL AB Interactions between the rotating and advancing pin-shaped tool (terminated at one end with a circular cylindrical shoulder) with the clamped welding plates and the associated material and heat transport during a friction-stir welding (FSW) process are studied computationally using a fully coupled thermomechanical finite element analysis. To surmount potential numerical problems associated with extensive mesh distortions/entanglement, an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation was used, which enabled adaptive remeshing (to ensure the continuing presence of a high-quality mesh) while allowing full tracking of the material-free surfaces. To demonstrate the utility of the present computational approach, the analysis is applied to the case of FSW of AA5083 (a solid-solution strengthened and strain-hardened/stabilized Al-Mg wrought alloy). To account for the competition between plastic deformation-controlled strengthening and dynamic recrystallization-induced softening phenomena during the FSW process, the original Johnson Cook strain and strain-rate hardening and temperature-softening material strength model is modified using the available recrystallization kinetics experimental data. Lastly, the computational results obtained in the present work are compared with their experimental counterparts available in the open literature. This comparison revealed that general trends regarding spatial distribution and temporal evolutions of various material-state quantities and their dependence on the FSW process parameters are reasonably well predicted by the present computational approach. C1 [Grujicic, M.; He, T.; Arakere, G.; Yalavarthy, H. V.] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Yen, C-F; Cheeseman, B. A.] USA, Res Lab, Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Grujicic, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 241 EIB, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mica@ces.clemson.edu FU US Army/Clemson University [W911NF-04-2-0024, W911NF-06-2-0042] FX The material presented in this paper is based on work supported by the US Army/Clemson University Cooperative Agreements W911NF-04-2-0024 and W911NF-06-2-0042. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 16 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4054 J9 P I MECH ENG B-J ENG JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part B-J. Eng. Manuf. PY 2010 VL 224 IS B4 BP 609 EP 625 DI 10.1243/09544054JEM1750 PG 17 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 594IH UT WOS:000277529600007 ER PT J AU Fresconi, F Plostins, P AF Fresconi, F. Plostins, P. TI Control mechanism strategies for spin-stabilized projectiles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE precision munition; spin-stabilized projectile; flight dynamics; guidance and control AB Spin-stabilized artillery munitions were originally designed to provide precise ballistic fire on long-range targets. Today, the challenge is to use these ballistic munitions in urban operations where significantly higher levels of precision are required to minimize collateral damage. One strategy is to retrofit these munitions with some level of low-cost precision. Unique challenges arise when munitions designed to be ballistically precise are guided. Projectile flight is often stabilized by a high spin rate, which induces complex dynamics. Flight mechanics are further aggravated by adding a control mechanism. The goal of this study was to provide a fundamental understanding of various control mechanism strategies for spin-stabilized projectiles. Flight control systems were developed and executed in a six-degree-of-freedom simulation. Formulating a generalized model of a control mechanism allowed us to investigate parameters such as control force magnitude, control axial location, control lift-to-drag ratio, and control force duration for a spin-stabilized projectile. Results show that control authority linearly relates to control force magnitude. Maximal control authority was obtained by placing the control mechanism at the rear of the projectile. The variation with axial location was also determined since these results are valuable, for instance, when the control is unable to be located near the projectile base. A lower lift-to-drag ratio of the control mechanism decreased control authority and maximum range. Lastly, the trade-offs associated with continuous and pulsed flight control systems were quantified. Physical explanations for the simulation results are provided. C1 [Fresconi, F.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21015 USA. RP Fresconi, F (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, B4600,R2042, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21015 USA. EM frank.fresconi@arl.army.mil NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PY 2010 VL 224 IS G9 BP 979 EP 991 DI 10.1243/09544100JAERO705 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 642JQ UT WOS:000281209100003 ER PT J AU Lee, TK Kramer, D Filipi, Z AF Lee, T-K Kramer, D. Filipi, Z. TI High-degree-of-freedom engine modelling for control design using a crank-angle-resolved flame propagation simulation and artificial neural network surrogate models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART I-JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND CONTROL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE control-oriented model; engine; simulation; control; combustion model; artificial neural network AB Non-linearity of the engine system creates a challenge in building a reliable control-oriented model (COM). The main source of non-linearity is the complex nature of the combustion process. Modern engine system configurations are increasingly complex and predicting their transient response poses additional difficulty. In the present paper, a COM is developed to address the challenges and capture the behaviour of a high-degree-of-freedom engine system. Engine combustion models are created by utilizing the high-fidelity engine cycle simulation to characterize the effects of main parameters, such as turbulence, air fuel ratio, and residual fraction, and subsequently capturing the interrelationships with artificial neural networks. Then, system dynamics are accounted for by adding manifold and actuator dynamics models. The capabilities of the proposed COM are demonstrated using a spark-ignition engine with a dual-independent cam phasing as a test case. The results indicate the model's ability to accurately predict engine responses to an arbitrary schedule of engine control inputs over the feasible operating range. C1 [Filipi, Z.] Univ Michigan, Automot Res Ctr, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kramer, D.] USA, RDECOM TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. RP Filipi, Z (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Automot Res Ctr, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0959-6518 J9 P I MECH ENG I-J SYS JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part I-J Syst Control Eng. PY 2010 VL 224 IS I6 BP 747 EP 761 DI 10.1243/09596518JSCE908 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 665IA UT WOS:000283027400012 ER PT J AU Russell, K Shen, Q Lee, WT Sodhi, RS AF Russell, K. Shen, Q. Lee, W-T Sodhi, R. S. TI On the synthesis of spatial revolute-revolute-spherical-cylindrical motion generators with prescribed coupler loads SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART K-JOURNAL OF MULTI-BODY DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE motion generation; revolute-revolute-spherical-cylindrical mechanism; static torque; coupler load ID KINEMATIC SYNTHESIS; MECHANISMS; LINKAGES; PLANAR; FORCE AB This work extends the concepts and methodologies of Shen et al. for the synthesis of spherical four-bar motion generators to the synthesis of spatial revolute-revolute-spherical-cylindrical (RRSC) motion generators with applied coupler loads. A constraint that includes coupler loads and driver static torques for the RRSC mechanism is formulated using the principle of virtual work. This constraint is combined with the conventional constraints for the R-R and C-S dyads to forma non-linear optimization problem from which RRSC mechanism solutions are calculated that approximate prescribed coupler poses and satisfy prescribed driver static torques for given coupler loads. The formulated RRSC coupler load and driver static torque constraint are also incorporated in a simplified RRSC motion generation model to forma simplified non-linear optimization problem for calculating RRSC mechanism solutions. This work demonstrates both the conventional and simplified non-linear optimization problems. C1 [Russell, K.] USA, Armaments Engn & Technol Ctr, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [Shen, Q.; Sodhi, R. S.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Lee, W-T] Leader Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Applicat, Tainan, Taiwan. RP Russell, K (reprint author), USA, Armaments Engn & Technol Ctr, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM kevruss@comcast.net NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1464-4193 J9 P I MECH ENG K-J MUL JI Proc. Inst. Mech Eng Pt K-J Multi-Body Dyn. PY 2010 VL 224 IS K2 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1243/14644193JMBD231 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 611HZ UT WOS:000278807000005 ER PT S AU Cheng, HP Cheng, JRC Hunter, RM Campbell, T Lin, HC AF Cheng, H. -P. Cheng, J. -R. C. Hunter, R. M. Campbell, T. Lin, H. -C. BE Topping, BHV Adam, JM Pallares, FJ Bru, R Romero, ML TI COSM: A Parallel Coupled Ocean Watershed Model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SE Civil-Comp Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology CY SEP 14-17, 2010 CL Valencia, SPAIN DE ESMF; DBuilder; model coupling; high performance computing; ADCIRC; pWASH123D AB This paper describes the development of a parallel, unstructured-mesh, coupled ocean-watershed model (COSM) designed for high resolution modelling within a high performance computing environment. The COSM model couples the pWASH123D model for simulation of water flow on the land with the ADCIRC model for storm induced ocean circulation and surge. These two models are coupled in a concurrent mode with time lagging using the Earth System Modelling Framework and the DBuilder toolkits. New techniques developed in this research include the coupling methodology and element searching algorithms used to combine the models. A simplified simulation of Biloxi Bay is used to demonstrate the capabilities and performance of COSM. C1 [Cheng, H. -P.; Cheng, J. -R. C.; Hunter, R. M.; Lin, H. -C.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Campbell, T.] Naval Res Lab, Bay St Louis, MS USA. RP Cheng, HP (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. FU DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP); System wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP); US Army Corps of Engineers FX This work was supported in part by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) and in part by the System wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP) of the US Army Corps of Engineers. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CIVIL COMP PRESS PI EDINBURGH PA 10 SAXE-COBURG PLACE, EDINBURGH EH3 5BR, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1759-3433 BN 978-1-905088-41-6 J9 CIVIL-COMP PROCEED PY 2010 VL 94 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BG8LP UT WOS:000392420200014 ER PT S AU Cheng, JRC Cheng, HP Farthing, MW AF Cheng, J. R. C. Cheng, H. P. Farthing, M. W. BE Topping, BHV Adam, JM Pallares, FJ Bru, R Romero, ML TI Computation of Locally Mass-Conservative Flow Flux in Multidimensions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SE Civil-Comp Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology CY SEP 14-17, 2010 CL Valencia, SPAIN DE locally conservative flux; finite element; parallel computing; software toolkit; and face/edge library AB This paper presents a parallel software toolkit for calculating locally conservative flux in parallel computing. The toolkit includes two approaches for conservative flux computation, where both approaches were derived based on the Larson-Niklasson method. The two-dimensional (2-D) formulation and the software toolkit development are described. A San Diego Bay example was used to test the developed software toolkit. C1 [Cheng, J. R. C.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Def Supercomputing Resource Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Cheng, H. P.; Farthing, M. W.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Cheng, JRC (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Def Supercomputing Resource Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. FU U.S. Army Corps System-Wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP); U.S. Army Corps of Engineers allows presentation; DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX This study was supported by the U.S. Army Corps System-Wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP), and the chief of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers allows presentation of it. It was also supported in part by an allocation of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CIVIL COMP PRESS PI EDINBURGH PA 10 SAXE-COBURG PLACE, EDINBURGH EH3 5BR, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1759-3433 BN 978-1-905088-41-6 J9 CIVIL-COMP PROCEED PY 2010 VL 94 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BG8LP UT WOS:000392420200012 ER PT J AU Buller, MJ Tharion, WJ Hoyt, RW Jenkins, OC AF Buller, Mark J. Tharion, William J. Hoyt, Reed W. Jenkins, Odest Chadwicke GP AAAI TI Estimation of Human Internal Temperature from Wearable Physiological Sensors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FOURTH AAAI CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AAAI-10) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) CY JUL 11-15, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Assoc Advancement Artificial Intelligence ID CORE TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; PROGRESS; MODEL AB We evaluated a Kalman filter (KF) approach to modeling the physiology of internal temperature viewed through "noisy" non-invasive observations of heart rate. Human core body temperature (Tcore) is an important measure of thermal state, e.g., hypo-or hyperthermia, but is difficult to measure using non-invasive wearable sensors. We estimated parameters for a discrete KF model from data collected during several Military training events and from distance runners (n=38). Model performance was evaluated in 25 physically-active subjects who participated in various laboratory and field studies involving exercise of 2-to-8 h duration at ambient temperatures of 20 to 40 degrees C. Overall, the KF model's estimate of Tcore had a root mean square error of 0.30 +/- 0.13 degrees C from the observed Tcore, and was within +/- 0.5 degrees C over 85% of the time. The benefit of the KF approach is that it requires only one input while current state of the art models typically require multiple inputs including individual anthropometrics, metabolic rate, clothing characteristics, and environmental conditions. This state estimation problem in computational physiology illustrates the potential for collaboration between the artificial intelligence and ambulatory physiological monitoring communities. C1 [Buller, Mark J.; Jenkins, Odest Chadwicke] Brown Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Buller, Mark J.; Tharion, William J.; Hoyt, Reed W.] US Army, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Buller, MJ (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM mbuller@cs.brown.edu; william.tharion@us.army.mil; reed.hoyt@us.army.mil; cjenkins@cs.brown.edu NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC ADVANCEMENT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PI PALO ALTO PA 2275 E BAYSHORE RD, STE 160, PALO ALTO, CA 94303 USA BN 978-1-57735-463-5 PY 2010 BP 1763 EP 1768 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BG7ZA UT WOS:000392059700282 ER PT J AU Tracy, FT AF Tracy, Fred T. BE Carrera, J SanchezVila, X FernandezGarcia, D Bolster, D TI A DESCRIPTION OF LINEAR AND NONLINEAR SOLVER FAILURES AND CURES FOR UNSATURATED FLOW CALCULATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XVIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES (CMWR 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources (CMWR) CY JUN 21-24, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE Numerical methods; unsaturated flow; linear and nonlinear solvers AB This breakdown of the linear system of equations observed in a three-dimensional (3-D) parallel finite element solution of unsaturated flow using Newton's method is illustrated using the one-dimensional (1-D) solution of the Green-Ampt infiltration problem. Causes and cures are then described. C1 DoD Supercomp Resource Ctr, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tracy, FT (reprint author), DoD Supercomp Resource Ctr, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Fred.T.Tracy@usace.army.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-96736-93-1 PY 2010 BP 200 EP 207 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Water Resources GA BXU68 UT WOS:000297163600018 ER PT J AU Kees, CE Farthing, MW Akkerman, I Bazilevs, Y AF Kees, C. E. Farthing, M. W. Akkerman, I. Bazilevs, Y. BE Carrera, J SanchezVila, X FernandezGarcia, D Bolster, D TI A HYBRID LEVEL-SET METHOD FOR FREE-SURFACE FLOWS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XVIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES (CMWR 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources (CMWR) CY JUN 21-24, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE level-set methods; two-phase Navier-Stokes models; mass conservation ID 2-PHASE FLOWS; SIMULATION; EQUATIONS AB Two-phase Navier-Stokes models are becoming increasingly popular for modeling free-surface flows and hydrodynamic processes. They hold particular appeal for problems where full vertical resolution is required in velocity and pressure, (e. g., short-wave phenomena, flow around coastal structures and levees, and extreme erosion processes). Level-set and volume-of-fluid formulations are the two most common approaches for modeling two-phase flows and both can be used across many flow regimes. Both share an advantage over front-tracking methods in that they are robust through changes in connectivity of the phases such as during bubble formation and wave breaking. However, standard level-set methods do not conserve mass. The conservation errors are the result of describing interface dynamics using a level-set formulation and are not specific to the discrete approximation. Since conservation errors accumulate to produce qualitatively incorrect solutions, several researchers have attempted to address this issue by using hybrid level-set/volume-of-fluid and hybrid level-set/particle-tracking approaches. In this work we present a method for correcting the level set in order to control mass conservation error. The correction is defined as the solution of a nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation and can be applied to higher order finite element methods on unstructured meshes. Numerical results are presented for linear and quadratic approximations of incompressible air/water flows. C1 [Kees, C. E.; Farthing, M. W.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kees, CE (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM christopher.e.kees@usace.army.mil; matthew.w.farthing@usace.army.mil; iakkerman@ucsd.edu; yuri@ucsd.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-96736-93-1 PY 2010 BP 1181 EP 1188 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Water Resources GA BXU68 UT WOS:000297163600130 ER PT J AU Kees, CE Farthing, MW Mattis, SA Dawson, CN AF Kees, Christopher E. Farthing, Matthew W. Mattis, Steven A. Dawson, Clint N. BE Carrera, J SanchezVila, X FernandezGarcia, D Bolster, D TI HOMOGENIZATION AND UPSCALING OF FLOW THROUGH VEGETATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XVIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES (CMWR 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources (CMWR) CY JUN 21-24, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE Computational hydraulics; homogenization; upscaling; vegetation AB Vegetated marshes and wetlands are complex hydrological systems. Due primarily to computational constraints, the effects of vegetation must be incorporated into depth-integrated flow models through empirical or theoretical resistance parameterizations that are closely related to the classical Chezy, Manning, and Darcy laws for surface roughness and porous media. In this work we investigate the use of homogenization techniques and multi-scale numerical modeling to represent the effect of vegetation on shallow water flow. In particular, we use highly resolved two-and three-dimensional numerical models of flow through computer-generated vegetated, flow domains along with modern volume averaging and homogenization techniques to better understand flow resistance in various flow regimes. The numerical models use unstructured meshes to resolve complex geometry, and the variational multi-scale (finite element) method to resolve steady and unsteady, low and high Reynolds number flows. C1 [Kees, Christopher E.; Farthing, Matthew W.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kees, CE (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM christopher.e.kees@usace.army.mil; matthew.w.farthing@usace.army.mil; steven@ices.utexas.edu; clint@ices.utexas.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-96736-93-1 PY 2010 BP 1189 EP 1196 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Water Resources GA BXU68 UT WOS:000297163600131 ER PT S AU French, LM AF French, Louis M. BE Barchas, JD Difede, J TI Military traumatic brain injury: an examination of important differences SO PSYCHIATRIC AND NEUROLOGIC ASPECTS OF WAR SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 89th Annual Conference of the Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease CY DEC 16, 2009 CL Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY HO Rockefeller Univ DE military TBI; mild TBI; blast injury; war trauma ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; PENETRATING HEAD-INJURY; POLYTRAUMA REHABILITATION; SERVICE MEMBERS; BLAST EXPOSURE; MENTAL-HEALTH; COMBAT DUTY; US; SOLDIERS AB Traumatic brain injury, especially mild traumatic brain injury, is a common consequence of modern warfare. In the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, much attention has been devoted to blast as a "new" mechanism of brain injury. While the evidence for primary blast effects upon the central nervous system is limited and controversial, there are a number of aspects of blast-induced brain injury that may be different. These include high rates of sensory impairment, pain issues, and polytrauma. In addition, the emotional context in which the injury occurred must also be considered in understanding the clinical presentation of these patients. Successful treatment of these individuals must use a multidisciplinary approach focused on the varied conditions that occur in those injured. C1 [French, Louis M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [French, Louis M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [French, Louis M.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [French, Louis M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP French, LM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, MATC Bldg 2A,Room 203,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM louis.french@us.army.mil NR 70 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-804-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2010 VL 1208 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05696.x PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA BSK28 UT WOS:000284742000006 PM 20955324 ER PT S AU Roy, MJ Francis, J Friedlander, J Banks-Williams, L Lande, RG Taylor, P Blair, J McLellan, J Law, W Tarpley, V Patt, I Yu, H Mallinger, A Difede, J Rizzo, A Rothbaum, B AF Roy, Michael J. Francis, Jennifer Friedlander, Joshua Banks-Williams, Lisa Lande, Raymond G. Taylor, Patricia Blair, James McLellan, Jennifer Law, Wendy Tarpley, Vanita Patt, Ivy Yu, Henry Mallinger, Alan Difede, Joann Rizzo, Albert Rothbaum, Barbara BE Barchas, JD Difede, J TI Improvement in cerebral function with treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder SO PSYCHIATRIC AND NEUROLOGIC ASPECTS OF WAR SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 89th Annual Conference of the Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease CY DEC 16, 2009 CL Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY HO Rockefeller Univ DE posttraumatic stress disorder; traumatic brain injury; combat stress; functional magnetic resonance imaging; virtual reality; exposure therapy ID DEPRESSION INVENTORY-II; REALITY EXPOSURE THERAPY; ADMINISTERED PTSD SCALE; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; BECK DEPRESSION; NEURAL RESPONSES; PHYSICAL HEALTH; FEARFUL FACES; PRIMARY-CARE; IRAQ AB Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are signature illnesses of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, but current diagnostic and therapeutic measures for these conditions are suboptimal. In our study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to try to differentiate military service members with: PTSD and mTBI, PTSD alone, mTBI alone, and neither PTSD nor mTBI. Those with PTSD are then randomized to virtual reality exposure therapy or imaginal exposure. fMRI is repeated after treatment and along with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores to compare with baseline. Twenty subjects have completed baseline fMRI scans, including four controls and one mTBI only; of 15 treated for PTSD, eight completed posttreatment scans. Most subjects have been male (93%) and Caucasian (83%), with a mean age of 34. Significant improvements are evident on fMRI scans, and corroborated by CGI scores, but CAPS scores improvements are modest. In conclusion, CGI scores and fMRI scans indicate significant improvement in PTSD in both treatment arms, though CAPS score improvements are less robust. C1 [Roy, Michael J.; Francis, Jennifer; Friedlander, Joshua; Banks-Williams, Lisa; Lande, Raymond G.; Taylor, Patricia; Law, Wendy; Tarpley, Vanita; Patt, Ivy] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. [Roy, Michael J.; Francis, Jennifer; Friedlander, Joshua; Banks-Williams, Lisa; Lande, Raymond G.; Taylor, Patricia; Law, Wendy; Tarpley, Vanita; Patt, Ivy] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Blair, James; McLellan, Jennifer; Yu, Henry; Mallinger, Alan] NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Difede, Joann] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Rizzo, Albert] Univ So Calif, Inst Creat Technol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Rothbaum, Barbara] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Roy, MJ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Room A3062,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mroy@usuhs.mil NR 38 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-804-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2010 VL 1208 BP 142 EP 149 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05689.x PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA BSK28 UT WOS:000284742000018 PM 20955336 ER PT J AU de Leon, J Wynn, G Sandson, NB AF de Leon, Jose Wynn, Gary Sandson, Neil B. TI The Pharmacokinetics of Paliperidone Versus Risperidone SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article ID EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS; LONG-ACTING RISPERIDONE; DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; ANTIPSYCHOTIC-DRUGS; IN-VITRO; DOUBLE-BLIND; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS; METABOLIZER PHENOTYPE; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS AB Background: Several new atypical antipsychotics have become available for use, but knowledge about their pharmacology may not be widespread. Objective: This review aims to increase awareness and knowledge about risperidone (R) and paliperidone (9-hydroxyrisperidone [9-OHR]), their pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Method: The authors present a review of the literature on R and 9-OHR. Results: Oral R may be approximately twice as potent as oral 9-OHR. Levels of R and 9-OHR in R-treated patients may help clinicians prescribe 9-OHR. In R-treated patients, the R/9-OHR concentration ratio is an index of CYP2D6 activity; an inverted ratio (> 1) indicates a CYP2D6 poor metabolizer (PM) or the presence of a powerful CYP2D6 inhibitor. The concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratio, where C includes R + 9-OHR, is an index of total clearance from the body. A C/D ratio decreased by half is associated with CYP3A inducers or a lack of compliance, whereas an increased C/D ratio may indicate CYP2D6 PM phenotype, use of CYP2D6 and/or CYP3A4 inhibitors, or, possibly, renal insufficiency. In in-vitro studies, R and 9-OHR have similar receptor binding (except for blocking alpha(1)). 9-OHR may have less ability to enter the brain because of greater affinity for the transporter P-glycoprotein. The limited available paliperidone pharmacokinetic information suggests that there are four minor metabolic pathways. In contrast to R treatment, being a CYP2D6 PM may not be clinically relevant for paliperidone treatment. Information on paliperidone drug-drug interactions is limited. Renal excretion may be the major route of paliperidone elimination. Conclusion: Clinicians can use R/9-OHR and the C/D ratios to interpret plasma R levels and guide treatment. (Psychosomatics 2010; 51: 80-88) C1 [de Leon, Jose] Eastern State Hosp, Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Lexington, KY 40508 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP de Leon, J (reprint author), Eastern State Hosp, Mental Hlth Res Ctr, 627 W 4th St, Lexington, KY 40508 USA. EM jdeleon@uky.edu RI Wynn, Gary/B-3618-2011; de Leon, Jose/F-2709-2013 OI de Leon, Jose/0000-0002-7756-2314 NR 88 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 51 IS 1 BP 80 EP 88 PG 9 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 550SC UT WOS:000274148500013 PM 20118446 ER PT J AU Reed, NG AF Reed, Nicholas G. TI The History of Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation for Air Disinfection SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID UPPER-ROOM AIR; ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT; RURAL CENTRAL SCHOOLS; AIRBORNE MICROORGANISMS; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; BACTERICIDAL ACTION; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; BORNE INFECTION; OPERATING-ROOM; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS AB Public health concerns such as multi- and extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis, bioterrorism, pandemic influenza, and severe acute respiratory syndrome have intensified efforts to prevent transmission of infections that are completely or partially airborne using environmental controls. One such control, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), has received renewed interest after decades of underutilization and neglect. With renewed interest, however, come renewed questions, especially regarding efficacy and safety. There is a long history of investigations concluding that, if used properly, UVGI can be safe and highly effective in disinfecting the air, thereby preventing transmission of a variety of airborne infections. Despite this long history, many infection control professionals are not familiar with the history of UVGI and how it has, and has not, been used safely and effectively. This article reviews that history of UVGI for air disinfection, starting with its biological basis, moving to its application in the real world, and ending with its current status. C1 [Reed, Nicholas G.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Reed, NG (reprint author), MCHB TS OLO, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM nick.g.reed@us.army.mil NR 158 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 125 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 535IN UT WOS:000272961100005 PM 20402193 ER PT S AU Meyers, RE Shih, YH Deacon, KS AF Meyers, Ronald E. Shih, Yanhua Deacon, Keith S. BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI Introduction SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging VIII CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Meyers, Ronald E.; Deacon, Keith S.] USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Meyers, RE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-311-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7815 BP IX EP X PG 2 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSU47 UT WOS:000285827100001 ER PT S AU Meyers, RE Deacon, KS Shih, YH AF Meyers, Ronald E. Deacon, Keith S. Shih, Yanhua BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI Quantum Ghost Imaging SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging VIII CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Quantum Ghost Imaging(QGI) has proven to be both a scientifically interesting field as well as one with many potential practical applications. In this paper we will review some of the scientifically fundamental aspects of Quantum Ghost Imaging and the supporting experiments including some recent results from the Army Research Laboratory. C1 [Meyers, Ronald E.; Deacon, Keith S.] USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Meyers, RE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-311-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7815 AR 781506 DI 10.1117/12.864269 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSU47 UT WOS:000285827100004 ER PT S AU Meyers, RE Deacon, KS AF Meyers, Ronald E. Deacon, Keith S. BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI Quantum Ghost Imaging Experiments at ARL SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging VIII CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The first ghost image (GI) of an opaque object by Meyers et al.(1,2) demonstrated that GI has practical applications and inspired a series of variations used in reflective ghost imaging research. Here we report on some recent Ghost Imaging experiments using Compressive Imaging (CI) and Compressive Sensing (CS) conducted at the Army Research Laboratory. These experiments covered phenomena such as Compressive Turbulence-Free Ghost Imaging (CTFGI), and Compressive Ghost-Imaging-Inspired Imaging (CGIII). C1 [Meyers, Ronald E.; Deacon, Keith S.] USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Meyers, RE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-311-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7815 AR 78150I DI 10.1117/12.864270 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSU47 UT WOS:000285827100012 ER PT S AU Tunick, A Moore, T Deacon, K Meyers, R AF Tunick, Arnold Moore, Tyrnita Deacon, Keith Meyers, Ronald BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI Review of Representative Free-Space Quantum Communications Experiments SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging VIII CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE entangled photons; Quantum Key Distribution; secure communications ID KEY DISTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; SINGLE PHOTONS; ENTANGLEMENT; CHANNEL; SYNCHRONIZATION; TELEPORTATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; PROPAGATION; LIGHT AB Worldwide free-space quantum communications (QC) experiments over the past decade are reviewed and discussed with attention to technological QC trends. Experiments reported in the open literature have included those conducted along horizontal propagation paths of varying distances, as well as communication paths from ground-to-aircraft, ground-to-space, and demonstrations in the laboratory. Available data characterize propagation distances, transmission speeds, quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, and quantum bit error rates (QBER). While fiber optic implementations of quantum communications technologies are currently being tested for communications infrastructure it is important to also consider that free-space quantum communications will play an important role in securing such applications as earth-to-satellite, end of line connects, and defense implementations. C1 [Tunick, Arnold; Moore, Tyrnita; Deacon, Keith; Meyers, Ronald] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Tunick, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD USA. EM ronald.meyers1@us.army.mil NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-311-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7815 AR 781512 DI 10.1117/12.864271 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSU47 UT WOS:000285827100023 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, Howard E. BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Jacobi fields in the Riemannian geometry of quantum computation SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation VIII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Riemannian geometry; geodesics; Jacobi fields AB In the Riemannian geometry of quantum computation, the quantum evolution is described in terms of the special unitary group of n-qubit unitary operators with unit determinat. To elaborate on some aspects of the methodology, the generic Jacobi equation and lifted Jacobi equation, together with solutions on the group manifold, are explicitly derived. This is important for investigations of the global characteristics of geodesic paths in the group manifold, and the determination of optimal quantum circuits for carrying out a quantum computation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM hbrandt@arl.army.mil; hbrandt@arl.army.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8166-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7702 AR 770208 DI 10.1117/12.849648 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BSO06 UT WOS:000285050700007 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, Howard E. BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Lifted Jacobi equation for varying penalty parameter in the Riemannian geometry of quantum computation SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation VIII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum computing; quantum circuits; quantum complexity; Jacobi fields; geodesics; geodesic derivative AB Recent developments in the differential geometry of quantum computation are exposited. The quantum evolution is described in terms of the special unitary group of n-qubit unitary operators with unit determinant. The group manifold is taken to be Riemannian. In the present work, the lifted Jacobi equation for varying penalty parameter and geodesic derivative are reviewed. This is applicable to investigations of conjugate optimal quantum circuits for carrying out a quantum computation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM hbrandt@arl.army.mil; hbrandt@arl.army.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8166-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7702 AR 770205 DI 10.1117/12.849650 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BSO06 UT WOS:000285050700004 ER PT S AU Yepez, J Vahala, G Vahala, L Soe, M AF Yepez, Jeffrey Vahala, George Vahala, Linda Soe, Min BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Quantum lattice-gas model of spinor superfluids SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation VIII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID CONDENSATE AB Spinor Bose Einstein Condensates are intriguing because of their vast range of different topological vortices. These states occur when a BEC gas is trapped in an optical lattice rather than in a magnetic well (which would result in scalar BEC vortices). A spinor BEC states also occur in a quantum gas when several hyperfine states of the atom co-exist in the same trap. A unitary quantum lattice algorithm that is ideally parallelized to all available processors is used to solve the evolution of non-eigenstate Skyrmions in a coupled BEC system. The incompressible kinetic energy spectrum of the inner quantum vortex ring core rapidly deviates from the k(-3) spectrum found in the evolution of scalar BECs. C1 [Yepez, Jeffrey] USA, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8166-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7702 AR 770209 DI 10.1117/12.850556 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BSO06 UT WOS:000285050700008 ER PT B AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, Howard E. BE Lomonaco, SJ TI Riemannian Geometry of Quantum Computation SO QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ITS CONTRIBUTIONS TO MATHEMATICS SE Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Mathematical-Society Short Course on Quantum Information Science/Annual Meeting of the American-Mathematical-Society CY JAN 03-04, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Math Soc DE quantum computing; quantum circuits; quantum complexity; differential geometry; Riemannian geometry; geodesics; Lax equation; Jacobi fields AB An introduction is given to some recent; developments in the differential geometry of quantum computation for which the quantum evolution is described by the special unitary unimodular group SU(2(n)). Using the Lie algebra su(2(n)), detailed derivations are given of a useful Riemannian geometry of SU(2(n)), including the connection, curvature, the geodesic equation for minimal complexity quantum computations, and the lifted Jacobi equation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM hbrandt@arl.army.mil NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA BN 978-0-8218-4828-9 J9 PROC SYM AP PY 2010 VL 68 BP 61 EP 101 PG 41 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BUK17 UT WOS:000289580300003 ER PT S AU Bandara, SV AF Bandara, Sumith V. BE Razeghi, M Sudharasanan, R Brown, GJ TI Performance Analysis of InAs/Ga(In)Sb Strained Layer Superlattice Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VII CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Long wavelength; Infrared; Focal Plane Arrays; Strained Layer Superlattice AB InAS/GaSb-based Type-II Strained-Layer Superlattice detectors (T2SLS) attract increasing interest for the development of high sensitivity large format mid-and long-wavelength infrared focal plane arrays. This paper will discuss the T2SLS detector performance requirements and readout integrated circuit (ROIC) noise levels for several staring array long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) imaging applications at various background levels. It will show a calculation of the dark current originated by various mechanisms and dependence on the minority carrier lifetime. Advanced heterojunction-based designs in T2SLS detector material have already demonstrated LWIR detectors with sufficient performance for tactical applications and potential for strategic applications. However, significant research is needed to suppress surface leakage current in order to reproduce performances at pixel levels of T2SLS focal plane arrays. C1 USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bandara, SV (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8004-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7608 AR 76081M DI 10.1117/12.835430 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BRR35 UT WOS:000283489000052 ER PT S AU Blakely, JN Reed, BR Corron, NJ Stahl, MT Myneni, K AF Blakely, Jonathan N. Reed, Billy R. Corron, Ned J. Stahl, Mark T. Myneni, Krishna BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Demonstration of shifter-less beam steering in an ultra-wide bandwidth array antenna using synchronized chaos SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIV CY APR 05-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE phased array; chaos; synchronization; antenna ID COLPITTS OSCILLATOR; AMBIGUITY FUNCTIONS; RADAR; SIGNALS AB We demonstrate a new method for electronic beam steering in ultra-wide bandwidth array antennas based on synchronized chaos. Chaotic oscillators generate random-like waveforms that may be well-suited for highly unconventional ultra-wideband radar and spread-spectrum communication applications. The broadband and non-repeating nature of chaos provides an ideal combination of high range resolution with no range ambiguity. Unlike true random sources, coupled chaotic oscillators can synchronize for coherent power combining. To steer the array, a small detuning is applied to each oscillator to slightly shift its natural frequency. Oscillators that are tuned to run faster will lead those tuned slower, providing a small time shift between the waveforms produced by each oscillator. The approach avoids the need for costly phase shifters or tunable true time delay elements. Our demonstration system consists of a linear array of four directionally coupled radio frequency chaotic oscillators, each of which produces a broadband waveform centered at 137 MHz. Each individual oscillator feeds one of four discone-type antennas spaced a third of a wavelength apart. We present far-field power level measurements characterizing beam formation and steering recorded on an outdoor test range. Our results suggest chaotic arrays could enable a new generation of low-cost, high-performance, ultra-wide bandwidth applications. C1 [Blakely, Jonathan N.; Corron, Ned J.; Stahl, Mark T.; Myneni, Krishna] USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, RDMR WSS, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Blakely, JN (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, RDMR WSS, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM jonathan.blakely@us.army.mil OI Blakely, Jonathan/0000-0002-9772-582X; Corron, Ned/0000-0002-3232-5024 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8133-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7669 AR 76690Q DI 10.1117/12.850153 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BSP49 UT WOS:000285291000023 ER PT S AU Govoni, MA Li, HB AF Govoni, Mark A. Li, Hongbin BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Complex, Aperiodic Random Signal Modulation(1) on Pulse-LFM Chirp Radar Waveform SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIV CY APR 05-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE random signal; pulse-LFM; ECCM; EW ID RANDOM NOISE RADAR; ECCM AB In an effort to enhance the security of radar, the plausibility of using a complex, aperiodic random signal to modulate a pulse linear frequency modulation (LFM) or "chirp" radar waveform across both its fast-time and slow-time samples is investigated. A non-conventional threat is considered when illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed waveform as an electronic counter-countermeasure (ECCM). Results are derived using stretch processing and are assessed using the receiver cross-correlation function with a consideration for the unmodulated case as a basis for comparison. A tailored radar ambiguity function is also included in the analysis, and is used to demonstrate how the proposed waveform possesses an ideal characteristic suitable for combating today's electronic warfare (EW) threats while preserving its inherent functionality to detect targets. C1 [Govoni, Mark A.] USA, CERDEC I2WD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Govoni, MA (reprint author), USA, CERDEC I2WD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mark.anthony.govoni@us.army.mil; hli@stevens.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8133-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7669 AR 76690S DI 10.1117/12.849136 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BSP49 UT WOS:000285291000025 ER PT S AU Kirose, G Dogaru, T AF Kirose, Getachew Dogaru, Traian BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Study of the human body radar signature variability based on computer models SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIV CY APR 05-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Radar; human body signature; computational electromagnetics AB This paper investigates the variability of the human body radar signature, for both stationary targets (where we are interested in the radar cross section) and moving targets (where we are interested in the Doppler response). The approach in this paper introduces both mesh distortions and variable walking patterns, in order to predict changes in the radar signature induced by morphological changes in the human meshes. The study is based entirely on computer simulations. We start with a basic human mesh and use the Maya software package to articulate or distort the model. Realistic human motion animation is obtained by using spatial coordinates from real motion capture data. The radar signature is obtained by running a Finite Difference Time Domain-based electromagnetic solver. Results are presented as radar cross section for stationary targets or Doppler spectrograms for moving targets. C1 [Kirose, Getachew; Dogaru, Traian] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kirose, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM gkirose@arl.army.mil NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8133-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7669 AR 766915 DI 10.1117/12.849395 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BSP49 UT WOS:000285291000036 ER PT S AU Martone, A Ranney, K Innocenti, R AF Martone, Anthony Ranney, Kenneth Innocenti, Roberto BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI CLUSTERING ANALYSIS OF MOVING TARGET SIGNATURES SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIV CY APR 05-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE moving target indication; sensing through the wall; impulse radar; target tracking; change detection; clutter cancelation AB Previously, we developed a moving target indication (MTI) processing approach to detect and track slow-moving targets inside buildings, which successfully detected moving targets (MTs) from data collected by a low-frequency, ultrawideband radar. Our MTI algorithms include change detection, automatic target detection (ATD), clustering, and tracking. The MTI algorithms can be implemented in a real-time or near-real-time system; however, a person-in-the-loop is needed to select input parameters for the clustering algorithm. Specifically, the number of clusters to input into the cluster algorithm is unknown and requires manual selection. A critical need exists to automate all aspects of the MTI processing formulation. In this paper, we investigate two techniques that automatically determine the number of clusters: the adaptive knee-point (KP) algorithm and the recursive pixel finding (RPF) algorithm. The KP algorithm is based on a well-known heuristic approach for determining the number of clusters. The RPF algorithm is analogous to the image processing, pixel labeling procedure. Both algorithms are used to analyze the false alarm and detection rates of three operational scenarios of personnel walking inside wood and cinderblock buildings. C1 [Martone, Anthony; Ranney, Kenneth; Innocenti, Roberto] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Martone, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8133-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7669 AR 766912 DI 10.1117/12.852549 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BSP49 UT WOS:000285291000034 ER PT S AU Mazzaro, GJ Ranney, KI AF Mazzaro, Gregory J. Ranney, Kenneth I. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Characterization of RF Front-Ends by Long-Tail Pulse Response SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIV CY APR 05-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE bandpass filters; resonance; transient response; time-frequency analysis; stepped-frequency radar AB The recognition of unauthorized communications devices at the entry-point of a secure location is one way to guard against the compromise of sensitive information by wireless transmission. Such recognition may be achieved by backscatter x-ray and millimeter-wave imaging; however, implementation of these systems is expensive, and the ability to image the contours of the human body has raised privacy concerns. In this paper, we present a cheaper and less-invasive radio-frequency (RF) alternative for recognizing wireless communications devices. Characterization of the device-under-test (DUT) is accomplished using a stepped-frequency radar waveform. Single-frequency pulses excite resonance in the device's RF front-end. Microsecond periods of zero-signal are placed between each frequency transition to listen for the resonance. The stepped-frequency transmission is swept through known communications bands. Reception of a long-tail decay response between active pulses indicates the presence of a narrowband filter and implies the presence of a front-end circuit. The frequency of the received resonance identifies its communications band. In this work, cellular-band and handheld-radio filters are characterized. C1 [Mazzaro, Gregory J.; Ranney, Kenneth I.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mazzaro, GJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8133-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7669 AR 76690X DI 10.1117/12.862696 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BSP49 UT WOS:000285291000030 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Tran, TD AF Nguyen, Lam Tran, Trac D. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Model-Based Sub-Nyquist Sampling and Reconstruction Technique for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Radar SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIV CY APR 05-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar (UWB); compressed sensing; sparse recovery; Sub-Nyquist sampling ID SIGNAL RECOVERY AB The Army Research Lab has recently developed an ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The radar has been employed to support proof-of-concept demonstration for several concealed target detection programs. The radar transmits and receives short impulses to achieve a wide-bandwidth from 300 MHz to 3000 MHz. Since the radar directly digitizes the wide-bandwidth receive signals, the challenges is to how to employ relatively slow and inexpensive analog-to-digital (A/D) converters to sample the signals with a rate that is greater than the minimum Nyquist rate. ARL has developed a sampling technique that allows us to employ inexpensive A/D converters (ADC) to digitize the wide-bandwidth signals. However, this technique still has a major drawback due to the longer time required to complete a data acquisition cycle. This in turn translates to lower average power and lower effective pulse repetition frequency (PRF). Compressed Sensing (CS) theory offers a new approach in data acquisition. From the CS framework, we can reconstruct certain signals or images from much fewer samples than the traditional sampling methods, provided that the signals are sparse in certain domains. However, while the CS framework offers the data compression feature, it still does not address the above mentioned drawback, that is the data acquisition must be operated in equivalent time since many global measurements (obtained from global random projections) are required as depicted by the sensing matrix F in the CS framework. In this paper, we propose a new technique that allows the sub-Nyquist sampling and the reconstruction of the wide-bandwidth data. In this technique, each wide-bandwidth radar data record is modeled as a superposition of many backscatter signals from reflective point targets. The technique is based on direct sparse recovery using a special dictionary containing many time-delayed versions of the transmitted probing signal. We demonstrate via simulated as well as collected data that our design offers real-time (with single observation as oppose to equivalent-time with many observations) data acquisition of the wide-bandwidth radar signals using the sub-Nyquist sampling rate. C1 [Nguyen, Lam] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM lnguyen@arl.army.mil; trac@jhu.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8133-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7669 AR 76690H DI 10.1117/12.850276 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BSP49 UT WOS:000285291000014 ER PT S AU Silvious, J Wellman, R Tahmoush, D Clark, J AF Silvious, Jerry Wellman, Ron Tahmoush, Dave Clark, John BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Radar system on a large autonomous vehicle for personnel avoidance SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIV CY APR 05-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE personnel avoidance; autonomous vehicle; radar AB The US Army Research Laboratory designed, developed and tested a novel switched beam radar system operating at 76 GHz for use in a large autonomous vehicle to detect and identify roadway obstructions including slowly-moving personnel. This paper discusses the performance requirements for the system to operate in an early collision avoidance mode to a range of 150 meters and at speeds of over 20 m/s. We report the measured capabilities of the system to operate in these modes under various conditions, such as rural and urban environments, and on various terrains, such as asphalt and grass. Finally, we discuss the range-Doppler map processing capabilities that were developed to correct for platform motion and identify roadway vehicles and personnel moving at 1 m/s or more along the path of the system. C1 [Silvious, Jerry; Tahmoush, Dave; Clark, John] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Silvious, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8133-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7669 AR 766905 DI 10.1117/12.850420 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BSP49 UT WOS:000285291000004 ER PT S AU Tahmoush, D Silvious, J Clark, J AF Tahmoush, Dave Silvious, Jerry Clark, John BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI An UGS Radar with Micro-Doppler Capabilities for Wide Area Persistent Surveillance SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIV CY APR 05-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Radar; micro-Doppler; UGS ID FEATURE-EXTRACTION; GAIT AB Detecting humans and distinguishing them from natural fauna is an important issue in security applications to reduce false alarm rates. In particular, it is important to detect and classify people who are walking in remote locations and transmit back detections over extended periods at a low cost and with minimal maintenance. The ability to discriminate men versus animals and vehicles at long range would give a distinct sensor advantage. The reduction in false positive detections due to animals would increase the usefulness of detections, while dismount identification could reduce friendly-fire. We developed and demonstrate a compact radar technology that is scalable to a variety of ultra-lightweight and low-power platforms for wide area persistent surveillance as an unattended, unmanned, and man-portable ground sensor. The radar uses micro-Doppler processing to characterize the tracks of moving targets and to then eliminate unimportant detections due to animals or civilian activity. This paper presents the system and data on humans, vehicles, and animals at multiple angles and directions of motion, demonstrates the signal processing approach that makes the targets visually recognizable, and verifies that the UGS radar has enough micro-Doppler capability to distinguish between humans, vehicles, and animals. C1 [Tahmoush, Dave; Silvious, Jerry; Clark, John] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tahmoush, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8133-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7669 AR 766904 DI 10.1117/12.848233 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BSP49 UT WOS:000285291000003 ER PT J AU Ziemian, C Ziemian, R Barker, E AF Ziemian, Constance Ziemian, Ronald Barker, Eric TI Shake-table simulation study of small scale layered models SO RAPID PROTOTYPING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Manufacturing systems; Earthquakes; Steel; Plastics; Simulation; Prototypes ID ABS; STRENGTH AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlation between the dynamic behavior of a full-scale steel prototype and a small-scale plastic model fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM). Design/methodology/approach - Based on the use of a known input excitation, the small-scale model is tested on a shake-table. Experimental results are compared with results of a full prototype study and with computational models in an effort to assess the feasibility of testing small-scale FDM models. Findings - Time History Records present strong correlation with prototype data and are reproducible using computational methods. Matching the first natural frequency of the studied structure proved to be a large part of achieving the desired response. Research limitations/implications - including the direct measurement of floor displacements will potentially highlight different aspects of model behavior not observed by recording accelerations only. Further investigation into the damping properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic is recommended towards further understanding the model response. Practical implications - Although this paper is based on a simple structure, the benefits of layered manufacturing (LM) methods include speed and ease of generating geometrically complex solids. The implications of the success of this pilot study include the ease in which the dynamic response of complex structures can be assessed using small-scale LM models. Originality/value - This project obtained baseline information on the dynamic behavior of FDM plastic parts. It provides assessment of the value of using small-scale LM models to accurately predict the dynamic response of structures subjected to earthquake excitation. C1 [Ziemian, Constance] Bucknell Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Ziemian, Ronald] Bucknell Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Barker, Eric] USA, ARDEC, Maneuver Support Div, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Ziemian, C (reprint author), Bucknell Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM cziemian@bucknell.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1355-2546 J9 RAPID PROTOTYPING J JI Rapid Prototyping J. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 4 EP 11 DI 10.1108/13552541011011659 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 557KS UT WOS:000274668600002 ER PT S AU Jow, TR Allen, JL Marx, M Nechev, K Deveney, B Rickman, S AF Jow, T. R. Allen, J. L. Marx, M. Nechev, K. Deveney, B. Rickman, S. BE Winter, M Doughty, DH Zaghib, K Abraham, KM Ogumi, Z Dudney, NJ TI Electrolytes, SEI and Charge Discharge Kinetics of Li-ion Batteries SO RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rechargeable Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries Held During the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Battery (BATT) ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; GRAPHITE/ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES; SOLVATION SHEATH; LIBOB AB Charge discharge kinetics of Li-ion batteries is dominated by the lithium ion (Li+) charge transfer kinetics, which involves the process of transporting the solvated Li+ in the electrolyte to the insertion of Li+ and the accepting of an electron at the same time in the electrode active materials. The importance of electrolytes and recent studies of Li+ charge transfer kinetics were briefly reviewed. Using 3-electrode cells and a DC Pulse Current Impedance method, we examined the charge discharge kinetics of the anode and the cathode in the same electrolyte at the same time. We observed a slower kinetics at the graphitic carbon anode as indicated by higher activation energy than that at the lithium nickel cobalt aluminum mixed oxide (LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2) cathode. While desolvation is a dominating step as concluded in recent studies on the Li+ charge transfer kinetics, this study suggests that the nature of SEIs and electrode materials play crucial roles on Li+ charge discharge kinetics. C1 [Jow, T. R.; Allen, J. L.; Marx, M.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Nechev, K.; Deveney, B.; Rickman, S.] Saft Amer Inc, Cockeysville, MD 21030 USA. RP Jow, TR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 FU Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, Applied Battery Research for Transportation Program FX Partial financial support from the Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, Applied Battery Research for Transportation Program, for ARL is greatly appreciated. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-810-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 25 IS 36 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1149/1.3393833 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BDI59 UT WOS:000313480900001 ER PT J AU Cohen, SP Van Zundert, J AF Cohen, Steven P. Van Zundert, Jan TI Pulsed Radiofrequency: Rebel Without Cause SO REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DORSAL-ROOT GANGLION; EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL; SCIATIC-NERVE; DOUBLE-BLIND; PAIN; RAT; EXPOSURE; ADJACENT; NEURONS; LESIONS C1 [Cohen, Steven P.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Cohen, Steven P.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Van Zundert, Jan] Univ Med Ctr Maastricht, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Management, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Van Zundert, Jan] Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Dept Anesthesiol, Genk, Belgium. [Van Zundert, Jan] Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Ctr Multidisciplinary Pain, Genk, Belgium. RP Cohen, SP (reprint author), 550 N Broadway,Suite 301, Baltimore, MD 21029 USA. EM scohen40@jhmi.edu NR 24 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-7339 J9 REGION ANESTH PAIN M JI Region. Anesth. Pain Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 8 EP 10 DI 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181c7705f PG 3 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 545EY UT WOS:000273716500003 PM 20048652 ER PT J AU King, CS Moores, LK Epstein, SK AF King, Christopher S. Moores, Lisa K. Epstein, Scott K. TI Should Patients Be Able to Follow Commands Prior to Extubation? SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Article DE mechanical ventilation; extubation; weaning ID SPONTANEOUS BREATHING TRIAL; MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENTS; RISK-FACTORS; NEUROSURGICAL PATIENTS; UNPLANNED EXTUBATION; FAILURE; REINTUBATION; SEDATION; PREDICTORS; CRITERIA AB The determination of optimal timing of liberation from mechanical ventilation requires a thorough assessment of multiple variables that can result in extubation failure. It is estimated that 5-20% of extubations fail. Traditional weaning parameters fail to predict extubation failure accurately, and attention has thus turned to improvements in extubation decision making through assessment of elements that may result in inability to protect the airway, such as excessive respiratory secretions, inadequate cough, and depressed mental status. Extubation is particularly controversial in patients with depressed mental status and inability to follow commands. When looking at univariate analyses, the reported studies are relatively evenly divided among those that did and did not rind that inability to follow commands (ie, abnormal mental status) increases the risk of extubation failure. In addition, although extubation failure is a risk factor for poor overall outcome in heterogeneous populations, its impact on the patient failing with neurologic dysfunction has not been adequately determined. One limiting factor in all reported studies is how "inability to follow commands" is defined. The majority of studies use the Glasgow coma score, but this is difficult to determine in the intubated patient. Moreover, using the cutoff of Glasgow coma score >= 8, favored by many authors, is questionable, as some patients with higher scores may be unable to follow commands. Currently it is agreed that many patients who are unable to follow commands, but have the ability to clear pulmonary secretions, can be safely extubated. A prospective, randomized trial using a more specific definition of "following commands" would certainly help remove some of the uncertainty in this patient population. C1 [King, Christopher S.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med Div, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Moores, Lisa K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Epstein, Scott K.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts Med Ctr, Off Educ Affairs, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Moores, LK (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM lmoores@usuhs.mil NR 31 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESP CARE JI Respir. Care PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 SI SI BP 56 EP 62 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 548IS UT WOS:000273955400007 PM 20040124 ER PT J AU Durbin, CG Perkins, MP Moores, LK AF Durbin, Charles G., Jr. Perkins, Michael P. Moores, Lisa K. TI Should Tracheostomy Be Performed as Early as 72 Hours in Patients Requiring Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation? SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Article DE respiratory failure; tracheostomy; intubation; mechanical ventilation; weaning; critical care; timing ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; CARE-UNIT PATIENTS; TRANSLARYNGEAL INTUBATION; ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION; TRACHEOTOMY; METAANALYSIS; INJURY AB Advances in treating the critically ill have resulted in more patients requiring prolonged airway intubation and respiratory support. If intubation is projected to be longer than several weeks, tracheostomy is often recommended. Tracheostomy offers the potential benefits of improved patient comfort, the ability to communicate, opportunity for oral feeding, and easier, safer nursing care. In addition, less need for sedation and lower airway resistance (than through an endotracheal tube) may facilitate the weaning process and shorten intensive care unit and hospital stay. By preventing microaspiration of secretions, tracheostomy might reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia. There is controversy, however, over the optimal timing of the procedure. While there have been many randomized controlled trials on tracheostomy timing, most were insufficiently powered to detect important differences, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses are limited by the heterogeneity of the primary studies. Based on the available data, we think it is reasonable to perform early tracheostomy in all patients projected to require prolonged mechanical ventilation. Unfortunately, identifying those patients can be difficult, and for many patient populations we lack the necessary tools to predict prolonged ventilation. We propose an early-tracheostomy decision algorithm. C1 [Durbin, Charles G., Jr.] Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Dept Anesthesiol, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Perkins, Michael P.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Moores, Lisa K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Durbin, CG (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, POB 800710, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM cgd8v@virginia.edu NR 22 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESP CARE JI Respir. Care PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 SI SI BP 76 EP 83 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 548IS UT WOS:000273955400011 PM 20040126 ER PT J AU Yeh, S Forooghian, F Faia, LJ Weichel, ED Wong, WT Sen, HN Chan-Kai, BT Witherspoon, SR Lauer, AK Chew, EY Nussenblatt, RB AF Yeh, Steven Forooghian, Farzin Faia, Lisa J. Weichel, Eric D. Wong, Wai T. Sen, Hatice N. Chan-Kai, Brian T. Witherspoon, Scott R. Lauer, Andreas K. Chew, Emily Y. Nussenblatt, Robert B. TI FUNDUS AUTOFLUORESCENCE CHANGES IN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS SO RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE fundus autofluorescence; retinal pigment epithelium; retinitis; cytomegalovirus retinitis; human immunodeficiency virus; ophthalmic imaging ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LIPOFUSCIN; ACCUMULATION; GANCICLOVIR; DIAGNOSIS; UVEITIS; TRIAL AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe fundus autofluorescence imaging features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and to correlate fundus autofluorescence features with clinical activity. Methods: A retrospective case series was undertaken to evaluate nine eyes of six patients with active CMV retinitis. Patients were evaluated with a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, fundus autofluorescence imaging, and fundus photography. Oral valganciclovir, intravitreal ganciclovir, intravitreal foscarnet, or an ganciclovir implant was administered as clinically indicated. Results: In all nine eyes with active CMV retinitis, a hyperautofluorescent signal on fundus autofluorescence imaging was correlated spatially with the border of advancing CMV retinitis. Stippled areas of alternating hyperautofluorescence and hypoautofluorescence were observed in regions of retinal pigment epithelium atrophy from prior CMV retinitis. In three eyes with subtle CMV reactivation, a hyperautofluorescent border was helpful in the detection and localization of active CMV retinitis. In another patient, diffuse, punctate hyperautofluorescence after intravitreal ganciclovir and foscarnet was a concern for medication-related toxicity. Conclusion: Fundus autofluorescence imaging was valuable in highlighting areas of active CMV retinitis in all patients in this series, including two patients with subtle clinical features. Fundus autofluorescence may be useful as an adjunctive imaging modality for the detection of CMV activity and aid in our understanding of the structural changes during episodes of CMV retinitis. RETINA 30:42-50,2010 C1 [Yeh, Steven; Forooghian, Farzin; Wong, Wai T.; Sen, Hatice N.; Chew, Emily Y.; Nussenblatt, Robert B.] NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Faia, Lisa J.; Weichel, Eric D.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Yeh, Steven; Chan-Kai, Brian T.; Witherspoon, Scott R.; Lauer, Andreas K.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Casey Eye Inst, Retina Serv, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Nussenblatt, RB (reprint author), NEI, NIH, Bldg 10,10N-112,10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM DrBob@nei.nih.gov RI Wong, Wai/B-6118-2017 OI Wong, Wai/0000-0003-0681-4016 FU National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health; Heed Ophthalmic Foundation FX Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health. Dr. Steven Yeh has received support from the Heed Ophthalmic Foundation. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0275-004X J9 RETINA-J RET VIT DIS JI Retin.-J. Retin. Vitr. Dis. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181bfbdb2 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 607ZX UT WOS:000278547300006 PM 19996825 ER PT S AU Brennan, RE Green, WH Sands, JM AF Brennan, R. E. Green, W. H. Sands, J. M. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI ULTRASOUND AND X-RAY CHARACTERIZATION OF DAMAGE IN ALUMINA STRUCTURAL CERAMICS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Nondestructive Evaluation; Ultrasound; Digital Radiography; Imaging; Impact Damage AB A combination of destructive and nondestructive testing methods was utilized to evaluate the impact velocity and energy conditions that caused fracture in alumina structural ceramics. Incremental damage was produced in aluminum-backed Al(2)O(3) tiles using drop tower testing for low velocity impact with a high mass indenter. The majority of damage in the fractured samples consisted of radial and cone cracking. The samples were nondestructively evaluated using digital radiography, x-ray computed tomography, and ultrasound C-scan imaging. Bulk damage detected by these techniques was compared to surface damage observed by visual inspection. Qualitative evaluation of surface and bulk cracks and quantitative percent damage assessment were used to compare the integrity of the nondestructive techniques. While all three methods were able to detect surface cracks, C-scan imaging was more effective at detecting internal damage in the alumina samples and x-ray computed tomography was more effective at producing three-dimensional images of the crack patterns. C1 [Brennan, R. E.; Green, W. H.; Sands, J. M.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Brennan, RE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 4600 Deer Creek Loop, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 1233 EP 1240 DI 10.1063/1.3362204 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038501019 ER PT S AU Schmidt, KF Little, JR Ellingson, WA Green, W AF Schmidt, K. F., Jr. Little, J. R., Jr. Ellingson, W. A. Green, W. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI OPTIMIZING A PORTABLE MICROWAVE INTERFERENCE SCANNING SYSTEM FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF MULTI-LAYERED DIELECTRIC MATERIALS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Microwave; NDT; Ceramics; Composites; Armor AB The projected microwave energy pattern, wave guide geometry, positioning methods and process variables have been optimized for use of a portable, non-contact, lap-top computer-controlled microwave interference scanning system on multi-layered dielectric materials. The system can be used in situ with one-sided access and has demonstrated capability of damage detection on composite ceramic armor. Specimens used for validation included specially fabricated surrogates, and ballistic impact-damaged specimens. Microwave data results were corroborated with high resolution direct-digital x-ray imaging. Microwave interference scanning detects cracks, laminar features and material properties variations. This paper presents the details of the system, the optimization steps and discusses results obtained. C1 [Schmidt, K. F., Jr.; Little, J. R., Jr.] Evisive Inc, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Ellingson, W. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. [Green, W.] Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Schmidt, KF (reprint author), Evisive Inc, Baton Rouge, LA USA. FU US Army RDECOM ARL; US Army RDECOM TARDEC FX This work is supported by the US Army RDECOM ARL and US Army RDECOM TARDEC whose staffs insight and technical contribution is much appreciated NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 1249 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3362209 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038501021 ER PT S AU Xiang, D Zhao, G Raju, BB AF Xiang, Dan Zhao, George Raju, Basavaraju B. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI AUTOMATED ULTRASONIC DISBOND INSPECTION OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE TANK TRACK SHOES SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Metal Matrix Composite; Disbond; Ultrasonic; Automated Inspection AB An automated disbond inspection system using an ultrasonic array for Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) tank track shoes has been developed. To ensure a reliable inspection, we investigated the test procedures and disbond identification criteria. A standard specimen was designed and fabricated for calibration of the transducer array. This specimen was also used to study the variables that affect the system performance, such as the repeatability and reproducibility with respect to acoustic coupling, and contact conditions, etc. Based on the statistic data analysis, an automated test procedure and criteria for detection and classification of MMC disbond have been established. By applying the inspection procedure to a set of track shoes, we have achieved more reproducible and reliable inspection results than previous tests. The inspection results were confirmed by ultrasonic C-scans. C1 [Xiang, Dan; Zhao, George] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Raju, Basavaraju B.] US Army, RDECOM TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Xiang, D (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. FU U.S. Army RDECOM - TARDEC [W56HZV-04-C-0692] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army RDECOM - TARDEC through the Contract No. W56HZV-04-C-0692. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 1265 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038501023 ER PT S AU Champagne, V Sincebaugh, P Pepi, M Tackitt, K AF Champagne, Victor Sincebaugh, Patrick Pepi, Marc Tackitt, Kirk BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI DETECTION OF THERMAL DAMAGE IN X2M GEARS STEEL USING BARKHAUSEN NOISE ANALYSIS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Barkhausen Noise Analysis; Nondestructive Testing; Grinding Burns; Shot Peening; Vasco X2M Steel ID STRESS; EMISSION AB This paper describes the development and implementation of the Barkhausen Noise Analysis (BNA) technique for detecting thermal damage and to differentiate between two heat treatments for X2M steel. BNA is a nondestructive inspection method that has been shown to be sensitive to microstructural and residual stress variations in ferromagnetic materials. BNA data will be presented for X2M samples with various degrees of thermal damage, prior to and subsequent to shot peening. Microstructural analysis results will also be presented. The microstructural feature that was the distinguishing variable between the two heat treatments was the percentage of carbides present. The results clearly demonstrated that it is feasible to use BNA methods to differentiate between the two heat treatments used for the X2M steel prior to shot peening. C1 [Champagne, Victor; Sincebaugh, Patrick; Pepi, Marc; Tackitt, Kirk] USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. RP Champagne, V (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 1452 EP 1459 DI 10.1063/1.3362239 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038501047 ER PT S AU Hinders, MK Fehlman, WL AF Hinders, M. K. Fehlman, W. L. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI PASSIVE INFRARED THERMOGRAPHIC IMAGING FOR MOBILE ROBOT OBJECT IDENTIFICATION SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Robotics; Thermography; Pattern Recognition AB The usefulness of thermal infrared imaging as a mobile robot sensing modality is explored, and a set of thermal-physical features used to characterize passive thermal objects in outdoor environments is described. Objects that extend laterally beyond the thermal camera's field of view, such as brick walls, hedges, picket fences, and wood walls as well as compact objects that are laterally within the thermal camera's field of view, such as metal poles and tree trunks, are considered. Classification of passive thermal objects is a subtle process since they are not a source for their own emission of thermal energy. A detailed analysis is included of the acquisition and preprocessing of thermal images, as well as the generation and selection of thermal-physical features from these objects within thermal images. Classification performance using these features is discussed, as a precursor to the design of a physics-based model to automatically classify these objects. C1 [Hinders, M. K.] Coll William & Mary, NDE Lab, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Fehlman, W. L.] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY USA. RP Hinders, MK (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, NDE Lab, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 2076 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3362383 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038501125 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Nestler, JM Johnson, GE Goodwin, RA AF Smith, David L. Nestler, John M. Johnson, Gary E. Goodwin, R. Andrew TI Species-Specific Spatial and Temporal Distribution Patterns of Emigrating Juvenile Salmonids in the Pacific Northwest SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE salmon; Columbia River; dams; emigration; behavior ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; FALL CHINOOK SALMON; FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION SONAR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TO-ADULT SURVIVAL; STEELHEAD TROUT; COLUMBIA RIVER; COHO SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CUTTHROAT TROUT AB The vertical and horizontal distribution of juvenile salmonid migrants on approach to the dams influences bypass success in rivers. Accordingly, fish distributions have been studied for nearly three decades. These studies, however, have not been integrated and summarized in a single body of work to determine overall patterns in the spatial distribution of emigrants. We reviewed peer-reviewed and gray literature to summarize species-specific trends in the horizontal and vertical distributions of emigrating salmonids as measured by several different methods. We found that there were no species-specific differences in horizontal distributions and that fish were often oriented with the river thalweg. There were weak differences between species in vertical distributions, e.g., juvenile yearling steelhead were shallower during the day than yearling Chinook salmon. For sockeye, coho, and subyearling Chinook salmon, the data were limited or conflicting. Studies were purposefully designed to measure distributions at certain dams under particular environmental conditions for specific, local purposes. The non-standard sampling design has hampered the development of testable hypothesis on fish distributions in the Snake and Columbia rivers. Recent advances in individual-based models are offering the potential to forecast fish distributions near dams and facilitate improved bypass system design. C1 [Smith, David L.] USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD EP W, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Nestler, John M.] USA, Environm Modeling & Syst Wide Assessment Ctr, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD IV Z, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Johnson, Gary E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Portland, OR USA. [Goodwin, R. Andrew] USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CENWP EC HD, Portland, OR USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD EP W, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM David.L.Smith@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Army Engineer Districts Walla Walla and Portland; Grant County Public Utility District; System-Wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP); U.S. Army Corps of Engineers research and development initiative FX The tests described and the resulting data presented herein, unless otherwise noted, were obtained from research conducted under the sponsorship of the U.S. Army Engineer Districts Walla Walla and Portland, the Grant County Public Utility District, and the System-Wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP), a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers research and development initiative. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Richard Zabel during manuscript preparation. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this paper. NR 174 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 EI 1547-6553 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 40 EP 64 AR PII 917640225 DI 10.1080/10641260903304487 PG 25 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 596BG UT WOS:000277657700004 ER PT J AU Parnell, GS Smith, CM Moxley, FI AF Parnell, Gregory S. Smith, Christopher M. Moxley, Frederick I. TI Intelligent Adversary Risk Analysis: A Bioterrorism Risk Management Model SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Bioterrorism; defender-attacker-defender; intelligent adversary risk analysis; risk management; terrorism risk analysis ID TERRORISM AB The tragic events of 9/11 and the concerns about the potential for a terrorist or hostile state attack with weapons of mass destruction have led to an increased emphasis on risk analysis for homeland security. Uncertain hazards (natural and engineering) have been successfully analyzed using probabilistic risk analysis (PRA). Unlike uncertain hazards, terrorists and hostile states are intelligent adversaries who can observe our vulnerabilities and dynamically adapt their plans and actions to achieve their objectives. This article compares uncertain hazard risk analysis with intelligent adversary risk analysis, describes the intelligent adversary risk analysis challenges, and presents a probabilistic defender-attacker-defender model to evaluate the baseline risk and the potential risk reduction provided by defender investments. The model includes defender decisions prior to an attack; attacker decisions during the attack; defender actions after an attack; and the uncertainties of attack implementation, detection, and consequences. The risk management model is demonstrated with an illustrative bioterrorism problem with notional data. C1 [Parnell, Gregory S.] US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Parnell, Gregory S.] Innovat Decis Inc, Vienna, VA USA. [Smith, Christopher M.] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Moxley, Frederick I.] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Parnell, GS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM gregory.parnell@usma.edu NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 32 EP 48 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01319.x PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 538FR UT WOS:000273170400005 PM 20002893 ER PT J AU Enslen, JA AF Enslen, Joshua Alma TI DEATH OF A CARNIVAL: JOAO GRILO AND THE SOCIAL SPACE IN AUTO DA COMPADECIDA SO ROMANCE NOTES LA Portuguese DT Article C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, PA USA. RP Enslen, JA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, PA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA DEPT OF ROMANCE LANGUAGES, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA SN 0035-7995 J9 ROMANCE NOTES JI Roman. Notes PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 345 EP 353 PG 9 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA V23HQ UT WOS:000208334300011 ER PT J AU Wright, DP AF Wright, Donald P. TI Stalin's Guerillas: Soviet Partisans in World War II SO RUSSIAN REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Wright, Donald P.] USA, Combat Studies Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Wright, DP (reprint author), USA, Combat Studies Inst, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0036-0341 J9 RUSS REV JI Russ. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 69 IS 1 BP 171 EP 172 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 544OZ UT WOS:000273669100037 ER PT J AU Ulrich, MP AF Ulrich, Marybeth Peterson TI Inside the Soviet Alternate Universe: The Cold War's End and the Soviet Union's Fall Reappraised SO RUSSIAN REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Ulrich, Marybeth Peterson] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Ulrich, MP (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0036-0341 EI 1467-9434 J9 RUSS REV JI Russ. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 69 IS 1 BP 180 EP 181 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 544OZ UT WOS:000273669100045 ER PT J AU Blank, S AF Blank, Stephen TI Russian Energy Power and Foreign Relations: Implications for Conflict and Cooperation SO RUSSIAN REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Blank, Stephen] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Blank, S (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0036-0341 J9 RUSS REV JI Russ. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 69 IS 1 BP 182 EP 182 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 544OZ UT WOS:000273669100047 ER PT J AU Sandhu, JS Popek, W Pergantis, C AF Sandhu, J. S. Popek, W. Pergantis, C. TI Next Generation Acoustography Ultrasonic NDI for Advanced Composite Materials and Structures SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Acoustography differs from conventional ultrasonic testing in that test objects are inspected in full field, analogously to real time x-ray imaging. The approach uses a novel, super high resolution large area acousto-optic (A 0) sensor which allows image formation through simple ultrasound shadow casting, analogous to x-ray image formation. Recent improvements in A 0 sensor technology have greatly expanded acoustography nondestructive inspection (NDI) abilities. These recent developments offers significant advantages over conventional point-by-point ultrasonic scanning methods, such as wide area inspection, high resolution, circumvention of bulky mechanical scanning apparatuses, very user friendly allowing use and interpretation of data by low skill level operators and simple set-up, thus making acoustography very efficient and a powerful inspection tool during manufacturing. In addition, acoustography is also being developed so that it can be adapted for field inspection use. Composite materials are widely used in aerospace structures for their exceptionally high specific strength to weight ratios. A coustography was used to inspect a variety of impact damaged carbon/epoxy composite coupon samples, typically used in aerospace structures. In addition, US Army helicopter main rotor blade sections with induced field damage were also inspected These structures include a variety of materials, such as a primary metal inner load carrying beam structure (spar), a Nomex honeycomb core region sandwiched between thin glass/epoxy skins and all components adhesively bonded Induced damage to the blade sections simulated typical field threats, such as, low velocity ballistic impacts from projectiles, fragments or debt-is, as well as, simulated maintenance tool drops causing localized crush core damage to the honeycomb region. Acoustography inspection results will be presented side-by-side with conventional ultrasonic inspection results. C1 [Sandhu, J. S.; Popek, W.] Santec Syst Inc, Wheeling, IL 60090 USA. [Pergantis, C.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Sandhu, JS (reprint author), Santec Syst Inc, Wheeling, IL 60090 USA. FU US Army [W911QX-04-C-0030] FX This material is based upon work supported in part by the US Army, under contract number W911QX-04-C-0030. The authors would like to thank NASA Glenn Research Center (Dr. Don Roth and Rich Martin) for their assistance with the C-scan results. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 6 EP 12 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 535SP UT WOS:000272991300003 ER PT J AU Basak, SC Mills, D Hawkins, DM Bhattacharjee, AK AF Basak, S. C. Mills, D. Hawkins, D. M. Bhattacharjee, A. K. TI Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of antimalarial compounds from their calculated mathematical descriptors SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase; 4(1H)-quinolones; antimalarial activity; Plasmodium falciparum; pharmacophore; quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR); mathematical descriptors ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; NONORTHOGONAL PROBLEMS; MALARIA PARASITES; RIDGE REGRESSION; INDEX; 4(1H)-QUINOLONES; VALIDATION; INVITRO; GROWTH AB A wide range of mathematical descriptors that can be calculated without the use of any other experimental data except molecular structure were used to develop models to predict binary (+/-) antimalarial activity of a set of 86 4(1H)-quinolones in two strains of parasite: D6 and TM90-C2B (chloroquine and atovaquone susceptible). The quantitative structure-activity relationship for each strain was of high quality and showed good ability in predicting activity versus inactivity when applied to a data set containing well-known antimalarial drugs. C1 [Basak, S. C.; Mills, D.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Hawkins, D. M.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Sch Stat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Bhattacharjee, A. K.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Regulated Lab, Div Regulated Act, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Basak, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM sbasak@nrri.umn.edu NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1062-936X EI 1029-046X J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res. PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 125 AR PII 920009912 DI 10.1080/10629360903568614 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA 596BB UT WOS:000277657200006 PM 20373216 ER PT J AU Resio, D Fowler, J AF Resio, Don Fowler, Jimmy TI Ship-to-Shore Causeway System For Military and Emergency Operations SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Resio, Don; Fowler, Jimmy] USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Resio, D (reprint author), USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 51 IS 1 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 552VD UT WOS:000274320800006 ER PT B AU Clark, JA Tapiador, JE McDermid, J Cheng, PC Agrawal, D Ivanic, N Slogget, D AF Clark, John A. Tapiador, Juan E. McDermid, John Cheng, Pau-Chen Agrawal, Dakshi Ivanic, Natalie Slogget, Dave BE Katsikas, S Samarati, P TI RISK BASED ACCESS CONTROL WITH UNCERTAIN AND TIME-DEPENDENT SENSITIVITY SO SECRYPT 2010: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Security and Cryptography (SECRYPT 2010) CY JUL 26-28, 2010 CL Univ Piraeus, Athens, GREECE SP Inst Syst & Technol Informat Control & Commun, Univ Piraeus, Univ Piraeus, Res Ctr, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc HO Univ Piraeus DE Information sharing; Multi-level security; Risk-based access control AB In traditional multi-level security (MLS) models, object labels are fixed assessments of sensitivity. In practice there will inevitably be some uncertainty about the damage that might be caused if a document falls into the wrong hands. Furthermore, unless specific management action is taken to regrade the label on an object, it does not change. This does not reflect the operational reality of many modern systems where there is clearly a temporal element to the actual sensitivity of information. Tactical information may be highly sensitive right now but comparatively irrelevant tomorrow whilst strategic secrets may need to be maintained for many years, decades, or even longer. In this paper we propose to model both security labels and clearances as probability distributions. We provide practical templates to model both uncertainty and temporally characterized dependencies, and show how these features can be naturally integrated into a recently proposed access control framework based on quantified risk. C1 [Clark, John A.; Tapiador, Juan E.; McDermid, John] Univ York, Dept Comp Sci, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Cheng, Pau-Chen; Agrawal, Dakshi] IBM Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Ivanic, Natalie] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Slogget, Dave] LogicaCMG, London, England. RP Clark, JA (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Comp Sci, York, N Yorkshire, England. EM jac@cs.york.ac.uk; jet@cs.york.ac.uk; jam@cs.york.ac.uk; pau@us.ibm.com; agrawal@us.ibm.com; nivanic@arl.army.mil; dave.sloggett@logicacmg.com FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.K. Ministry of Defence FX This research was sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.K. Ministry of Defence and was accomplished under Agreement Number W911NF-06-3-0001. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, the U.S. Government, the U.K. Ministry of Defence or the U.K. Government. The U.S. and U.K. Governments are authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCITEPRESS PI SETUBAL PA AV D MANUELL, 27A 2 ESQ, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 978-989-8425-18-8 PY 2010 BP 5 EP 13 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG9DF UT WOS:000393085700001 ER PT J AU Ratwani, KL Zaccaro, SJ Garven, S Geller, DS AF Ratwani, Krista Langkamer Zaccaro, Stephen J. Garven, Sena Geller, David S. BE Rothstein, MG Burke, RJ TI The role of developmental social networks in effective leader self-learning processes SO SELF-MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT SE New Horizons in Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERFORMANCE; WORK; TIES; ORGANIZATIONS; COMMUNICATION; PERSPECTIVE; PSYCHOLOGY; MOTIVATION C1 [Zaccaro, Stephen J.; Geller, David S.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Garven, Sena] USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Washington, DC USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84844-323-5 J9 NEW HORIZ MANAG PY 2010 BP 395 EP 426 PG 32 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA BST43 UT WOS:000285742600015 ER PT S AU Buller, M Welles, A Jenkins, OC Hoyt, R AF Buller, Mark Welles, Alexander Jenkins, Odest Chadwicke Hoyt, Reed BE Carapezza, EM TI Extreme health sensing: the challenges, technologies, and strategies for active health sustainment of military personnel during training and combat missions SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IX CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE physiological status monitoring; estimating health state; situational awareness; thermal work strain assessment ID HEAT CASUALTIES; SYSTEM; PREVENTION; HUMANS; STRAIN AB Military personnel are often asked to accomplish rigorous missions in extremes of climate, terrain, and terrestrial altitude. Personal protective clothing and individual equipment such as body armor or chemical biological suits and excessive equipment loads, exacerbate the physiological strain. Health, over even short mission durations, can easily be compromised. Measuring and acting upon health information can provide a means to dynamically manage both health and mission goals. However, the measurement of health state in austere military environments is challenging; (1) body worn sensors must be of minimal weight and size, consume little power, and be comfortable and unobtrusive enough for prolonged wear; (2) health states are not directly measureable and must be estimated; (3) sensor measurements are prone to noise, artifact, and failure. Given these constraints we examine current successful ambulatory physiological status monitoring technologies, review maturing sensors that may provide key health state insights in the future, and discuss unconventional analytical techniques that optimize health, mission goals, and doctrine from the perspective of thermal work strain assessment and management. C1 [Buller, Mark; Welles, Alexander; Hoyt, Reed] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Buller, M (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM mark.j.buller@us.army.mil NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8130-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7666 AR 766610 DI 10.1117/12.853101 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS37 UT WOS:000285627900019 ER PT S AU Damarla, T AF Damarla, Thyagaraju BE Carapezza, EM TI Minimizing the Search Space in Sniper Localization using Sensor Configuration SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IX CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Sniper localization; time difference of arrival; muzzle blast; shock wave ID SYSTEM AB In this paper an algorithm for sniper localization using disparate single microphone sensors that uses only the time difference of arrival (TDOA) between muzzle blast and shock wave is presented. Just as in any algorithm that looks for optimal solution this algorithm also faces the local minima (possible sniper locations) problem. In order to find the global or near global solution one has to perform search over a large area. In order to reduce the computational burden, the search space needs to be small. In this paper, an upper and lower bound on the range for the search space are estimated using the sensor configuration. Based on this, the area around the bullets path is searched with the bounds on range to determine the exact or near global solution for the sniper location. The results of sniper localization algorithm applied to real data collected in a field test will be presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, ATTN RDRL SES A, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Damarla, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ATTN RDRL SES A, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM thyagaraju.damarla@us.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8130-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7666 AR 76662D DI 10.1117/12.850718 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS37 UT WOS:000285627900050 ER PT J AU Lee, SE Nauschuetz, W Jordan, N Lindler, L Steece, R Pfau, E Gaydos, J AF Lee, Seung-eun Nauschuetz, William Jordan, Nikki Lindler, Luther Steece, Richard Pfau, Esther Gaydos, Joel TI Survey of Sexually Transmitted Disease Laboratory Methods in US Army Laboratories SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; PUBLIC-HEALTH LABORATORIES; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; RECRUITS; COST; UPDATE AB Background: Sexually transmitted diseases, in particular Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, are ranked as the top 2 most commonly notified disease in the US Army. Although surveillance programs are in place to capture event data, no routine STD surveillance program captures laboratory test information. Methods: To evaluate laboratory testing practices/methodologies in US Army laboratories in 2007, a questionnaire was distributed to all 38 US Army laboratories. The results of the survey were compared across Army installations to US civilian public health laboratories. Results: Of 38 survey recipients, 35 (92.1%) completed the survey. Overall, 78.6% of C. trachomatis and 77.2% of N. gonorrhoeae specimens were tested by nucleic acid amplification tests. In addition, 48.6% used culture as a method of N. gonorrhoeae testing. Testing for genital herpes, trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis, syphilis, human papillomavirus, and/or premalignant/malignant cervical cells was performed by 33 of the 35 laboratories. Conclusions: A high proportion of US Army laboratories are using NAAT technology for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae testing. A more comprehensive questionnaire may be needed to accurately describe the type and volume of other STD tests. Despite the difference in survey data acquisition between the US civilian public health laboratory survey and the US Army laboratory survey, broad comparisons such as test types were able to be made. Future surveys should be extended to other US military services and should include both civilian and military laboratories. C1 [Lee, Seung-eun; Lindler, Luther] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lee, Seung-eun] Adv Mil Med Inc, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. [Nauschuetz, William] USA, Med Command, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Jordan, Nikki; Pfau, Esther] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Steece, Richard] Natl Infertil Prevent Project, Pierre, SD USA. [Pfau, Esther] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Lee, SE (reprint author), Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM seungeun.lee@us.army.mil NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181b66dd6 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 538BP UT WOS:000273159400009 PM 19734822 ER PT J AU de Bejar, LA AF de Bejar, Luis A. TI Probability of local liquefaction of saturated sands in half-space domains under a train of surface point explosions SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB The probability of liquefaction in saturated sand deposits subjected to a train of shear stress pulses propagating from a point blast source applied at the boundary surface of the elastic medium is investigated. The load effect is evaluated in approximate closed form using three-dimensional tensorial mathematical physics in polar cylindrical coordinates. The adopted criterion of liquefaction has been experimentally verified both in the laboratory and in the field when continua of saturated sands were subjected to equivalent cyclic shear stress due to earthquake excitation. A first-order second-moment technique for the probabilistic assessment of the liquefaction potential in practical situations is developed and implemented in a computer program. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the sensitivity of results to the second-moment characterization of intervening key physical quantities. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, ATTN CEERD GS M, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP de Bejar, LA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, ATTN CEERD GS M, Bldg 5008,3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Luis.A.DeBejar@erdc.usace.army.mil FU US Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Headquarters FX This investigation was sponsored by the US Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Headquarters, under the Asymmetric Terrorist Threat Reduction Research Program. The author gratefully acknowledges this support. Permission to publish was granted by the Director of the Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory of the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.3233/SAV-2010-0494 PG 19 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 550OZ UT WOS:000274139000001 ER PT J AU Chen, MM AF Chen, Michael M. TI Projectile balloting attributable to gun tube curvature SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE Projectile balloting; barrel centerline variations; gun tube curvature modeling; design of experiments ID MOTION AB Transverse motion of a projectile during launch is detrimental to firing accuracy, structural integrity, and/or on-board electronics performance of the projectile. One manifest contributing factor to the undesired motion is imperfect bore centerline straightness. This paper starts with the presentation of a deterministic barrel model that possesses both vertical and lateral deviations from centerline in accordance with measurement data, followed by a novel approach to simulating comprehensive barrel centerline variations for the investigation of projectile balloting(1) motions. A modern projectile was adopted for this study. In-bore projectile responses at various locations of the projectile while traveling through the simulated gun tubes were obtained. The balloting was evaluated in both time and frequency domains. Some statistical quantities and the significance were outlined. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chen, MM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM michael.m.chen@arl.army.mil FU US Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization FX The measured centerline variation data provided by Dr. Mark Bundy, my colleague at the US Army Research Laboratory, are greatly appreciated. This work was supported in part by a grant of high-performance computing time from the US Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization program at the ARL Major Shared Resource Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 BP 39 EP 53 DI 10.3233/SAV-2010-0496 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 550OZ UT WOS:000274139000003 ER PT J AU Fitz-Coy, N Nagabhushan, V Hale, MT AF Fitz-Coy, Norman Nagabhushan, Vivek Hale, Michael T. TI Benefits and challenges of over-actuated excitation systems SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB This paper provides a comprehensive discussion on the benefits and technical challenges of controlling over-determined and over-actuated excitation systems ranging from 1-DOF to 6-DOF. The primary challenges of over-actuated systems result from the physical constraints imposed when the number of exciters exceeds the number of mechanical degree-of-freedom. This issue is less critical for electro-dynamic exciters which tend to be more compliant than servo-hydraulic exciters. To facilitate the technical challenges discussion, generalized methods for determining the drive output commands and the actuator input transform is presented. To further provide insights into the problem, over-actuated 1-DOF and 6-DOF examples are provided. Results are presented to support the discussions. C1 [Hale, Michael T.] USA, Dynam Test Branch, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, Dev Test Command, Washington, DC 20310 USA. [Fitz-Coy, Norman; Nagabhushan, Vivek] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hale, MT (reprint author), USA, Dynam Test Branch, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, Dev Test Command, Washington, DC 20310 USA. EM mike.hale@conus.army.mil NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2010 VL 17 IS 3 BP 285 EP 303 DI 10.3233/SAV-2010-0513 PG 19 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 597QQ UT WOS:000277775100005 ER PT J AU Pasour, VB Ellner, SP AF Pasour, V. B. Ellner, S. P. TI Computational and Analytic Perspectives on the Drift Paradox SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE population dynamics; hydrodynamics; individual-based model; particle tracking; residence time; advection-diffusion equation ID VERTICAL MIGRATION; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; FLOW REFUGIA; STREAM; RETENTION; MODEL; LAKE; PERSISTENCE; PATCHINESS; ESTUARIES AB The fact that many small aquatic and marine organisms manage to persist in their native environments in the presence of constant advection into unfavorable habitat is known as the "drift paradox." Although advection may determine large scale biological patterns, individual behavior such as predation or vertical/horizontal migration can dominate at smaller scales. Using both computational and analytical methods to model flow in an idealized channel, we explore the extent to which biological processes can counteract physical drivers. In particular, we investigate how different zooplankton migration behaviors affect biological retention time under a variety of flow regimes and whether a combination of physical/biological regimes exists that can resolve the drift paradox, i.e., allow the zooplankton to avoid washout for time periods much greater than the hydrologic retention time. The computational model is a three-dimensional semi-implicit hydrodynamic model which is coupled with an individual-based model for zooplankton behavior, while the analytical model is a simple partial differential equation containing both advective and behavioral components. The only behavior exhibited by the zooplankton is diel vertical migration. Our studies show that the interaction of zooplankton behavior and exchange flow can significantly influence zooplankton residence time. For a channel without vegetation, the analytical methods give biological residence times that vary by at most a day from the computational results. C1 [Ellner, S. P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pasour, V. B.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Pasour, VB (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM virginia.pasour@us.army.mil; spe2@cornell.edu NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1536-0040 J9 SIAM J APPL DYN SYST JI SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. PY 2010 VL 9 IS 2 BP 333 EP U67 DI 10.1137/09075500X PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 607SS UT WOS:000278527500003 ER PT J AU Velo, AP Gazonas, GA Ameya, T AF Velo, Ani P. Gazonas, George A. Ameya, Takanobu TI z-TRANSFORM METHODS FOR THE OPTIMAL DESIGN OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL LAYERED ELASTIC MEDIA (vol 70, pg 762, 2009) SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Correction AB In this erratum, we modify the system of equations (2) including the sentence above and below it on page 764, as well as Figure 1 displayed on page 765 of the article [A. P. Velo, G. A. Gazonas, and T. Ameya, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 70 (2009), pp. 762-788]. C1 [Velo, Ani P.; Ameya, Takanobu] Univ San Diego, Dept Math & Comp Sci, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Gazonas, George A.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Velo, AP (reprint author), Univ San Diego, Dept Math & Comp Sci, 5998 Alcala Pk, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM avelo@sandiego.edu; gazonas@arl.army.mil; tameya@sandiego.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2010 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1736 EP 1737 DI 10.1137/090773416 PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 595AS UT WOS:000277583700008 ER PT S AU Rao, RM Slamani, MA Chyba, TH Emge, DK AF Rao, Raghuveer M. Slamani, Mohamed-Adel Chyba, Thomas H. Emge, Darren K. BE Drummond, OE TI Wavelet-based denoising and baseline correction for enhancing chemical detection SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2010 CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Chemical detection; Raman spectra; Wavelet Processing; Denoising; Baseline Correction AB Various chemical agents have been known to provide unique Raman spectrum signatures. Practical methods for chemical detection have to deal with cluttered data where the desired agent's signature is mixed with those of other chemicals in the immediate environment. It has been found that unmixing is affected by strong background signatures, such as those from the substrate, and noise. This work investigates use of wavelet transform based techniques for denoising and baseline correction for the purpose of enhancing the probability of detection of a desired agent. C1 [Rao, Raghuveer M.] USA, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Rao, RM (reprint author), USA, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8162-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7698 AR 769808 DI 10.1117/12.850307 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSO08 UT WOS:000285051900008 ER PT S AU Klett, KK AF Klett, Karl K., Jr. BE Kadar, I TI Signal-to-solar clutter calculations of AK-47 muzzle flash at various spectral bandpasses near the Potassium D1/D2 doublet SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIX CY APR 05-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE small arms muzzle flash; AK-47; threat detection; potassium doublet; atmospheric radiance ID OPTICAL FILTER AB An analysis was performed, using MODTRAN, to determine the best filters to use for detecting the muzzle flash of an AK-47 in daylight conditions in the desert. Filters with bandwidths of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 nanometers (nm) were analyzed to understand how the optical bandwidth affects the signal-to-solar clutter ratio. These filters were evaluated near the potassium D1 and D2 doublet emission lines that occur at 769.89 and 766.49 nm respectively that are observed where projectile propellants are used. The maximum spectral radiance, from the AK-47 muzzle flash, is 1.88 x 10(-2) W/cm(2) str micron, and is approximately equal to the daytime atmospheric spectral radiance. The increased emission, due to the potassium doublet lines, and decreased atmospheric transmission, due to oxygen absorption, combine to create a condition where the signal-to-solar clutter ratio is greater than 1. The 3 nm filter, has a signal-to-solar clutter ratio of 2.09 when centered at 765.37 nm and provides the best combination of both cost and signal sensitivity. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Klett, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM karl.klett@arl.army.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8161-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7697 AR 76971I DI 10.1117/12.851049 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSN17 UT WOS:000284995500051 ER PT S AU Zhang, QC Agarwal, A Burk, A O'Loughlin, M Palmour, J Stahlbush, R Scozzie, C AF Zhang, Qingchun (Jon) Agarwal, Anant Burk, Albert O'Loughlin, Michael Palmour, John Stahlbush, Robert Scozzie, Charles BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Influence of Shockley Stacking Fault Generation on Electrical Behavior of 4H-SiC 10 kV MPS diodes SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE SiC; Stacking fault; Basal plane dislocation; MPS diode; Secondary diode AB The influence of stacking fault (SF) generation on the reverse blocking characteristics has been investigated on SiC 10 kV, 5 A Merged PiN (MPS) diodes. For the first time, we have observed that the generation of SFs under forward biased stress increases the reverse leakage current. In addition, the presence of a secondary diode formed by the electrical stress was observed and attributed to the breakdown voltage failure on certain devices. C1 [Zhang, Qingchun (Jon); Agarwal, Anant; Burk, Albert; O'Loughlin, Michael; Palmour, John] Cree Inc, 3026 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Stahlbush, Robert] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Scozzie, Charles] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, QC (reprint author), Cree Inc, 3026 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Jon_Zhang@cree.com FU Army Research Laboratory Adelphi, Md [W911NF-04-2-0022] FX This research was funded through the Cooperative Research Agreement W911NF-04-2-0022 program supported by the Army Research Laboratory Adelphi, Md. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 331 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.331 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600078 ER PT S AU Cochrane, CJ Bittel, BC Lenahan, PM Fronheiser, J Matocha, K Lelis, A AF Cochrane, C. J. Bittel, B. C. Lenahan, P. M. Fronheiser, J. Matocha, K. Lelis, A. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI EDMR and EPR Studies of 4H SiC MOSFETs and Capacitors SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE magnetic resonance; interface traps; ESR; EPR; SDR; EDMR AB We have extended a magnetic resonance based study of MOS devices to include electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) measurements of fully processed MOSFETs from three facilities as well as conventional electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) resonance measurements on simple SiC/SiO2 structures. We find close similarity between the conventional EPR and the EDMR spectra. C1 [Cochrane, C. J.; Bittel, B. C.; Lenahan, P. M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fronheiser, J.; Matocha, K.] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Lelis, A.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Cochrane, CJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bcb183@psu.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 527 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.527 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600126 ER PT S AU Veliadis, V Hearne, H Stewart, EJ Howell, R Lelis, A Scozzie, C AF Veliadis, V. Hearne, H. Stewart, E. J. Howell, R. Lelis, A. Scozzie, C. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Feasibility of efficient power switching using short-channel 1200-V Normally-Off SiC VJFETs; experimental analysis and simulations SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE SiC; JFET; vertical channel; normally-off (N-OFF); enhancement mode; 1200 V; current gain ID OPERATION; JFET AB A recessed implanted-gate short-channel 1290-V normally-OFF 4H-SiC vertical-channel JFET (VJFET), fabricated in seven photolithographic-levels, with a single masked ion-implantation and no epitaxial regrowth, is evaluated for efficient power conditioning. Under unipolar high-current-gain operation, which is required for efficient power switching, the 1200-V N-OFF (enhancement mode) VJFET exhibits prohibitively high on-state resistance. Comparison with 1200-V normally-ON VJFETs, fabricated on the same wafer, confirms experimentally that the strong gate-depletion-region overlap required for 1200-V normally-OFF blocking is the principal contributor to the prohibitively high specific on-state resistance observed under high current-gain VJFET operation. Recessed-implanted-gate VJFET channel-region optimization simulations (assuming a single commercial implantation and no epitaxial-regrowth) revealed that although aggressively increasing channel doping lowers resistance, the corresponding reduction in source mesa-width can prohibitively limit manufacturability. C1 [Veliadis, V.; Hearne, H.; Stewart, E. J.; Howell, R.] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. [Lelis, A.; Scozzie, C.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Veliadis, V (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. EM victor.veliadis@yahoo.com; harold.hearne@ngc.com; eric.j.stewart@ngc.com; rs.howell@ngc.com; alelis@arl.army.mil; sscozzie@arl.army.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 929 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.929 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600221 ER PT S AU Ryu, S Hull, B Dhar, S Cheng, L Zhang, Q Richmond, J Das, M Agarwal, A Palmour, J Lelis, A Geil, B Scozzie, C AF Ryu, S. Hull, B. Dhar, S. Cheng, L. Zhang, Q. Richmond, J. Das, M. Agarwal, A. Palmour, J. Lelis, A. Geil, B. Scozzie, C. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Performance, Reliability, and Robustness of 4H-SiC Power DMOSFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE Power DMOSFET; Short Circuit capability; Avalanche power; MOS reliability ID DEPENDENCE AB In this paper, we review the performance, reliability, and robustness of the current 4H-SiC power DMOSFETs. Due to advances in device and materials technology, high power, large area 4H-SiC power DMOSFETs (1200 V, 67 A and 3000 V, 30 A) can be fabricated with reasonable yields. The availability of large area devices has enabled the demonstration of the first MW class, all SiC power modules. Evaluations of 1200 V 4H-SiC DMOSFETs showed that the devices offer avalanche power exceeding those of commercially available silicon power MOSFETs, and have the sufficient short circuit robustness required in most motor drive applications. A recent TDDB study showed that the gate oxides in 4H-SiC MOSFETs have good reliability, with a 100-year lifetime at 375 degrees C if E-ox is limited to 3.9 MV/cm. Future work on MOS reliability should be focused on V-th shifts, instead of catastrophic failures of gate oxides. C1 [Ryu, S.; Hull, B.; Dhar, S.; Cheng, L.; Zhang, Q.; Richmond, J.; Das, M.; Agarwal, A.; Palmour, J.] Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Lelis, A.; Geil, B.; Scozzie, C.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ryu, S (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM sei-hyung_ryu@cree.com FU Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-04-02-0021]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-C-0495] FX The works on 1.2 kV power DMOSFETs, high power Modules, and MOSFET reliability and robustness were supported by Army Research Laboratory (W911NF-04-02-0021), monitored by Dr. C. J. Scozzie. The module development was performed by Powerex under this program. The work on 3 kV power DMOSFETs was supported by Office of Naval Research (N00014-08-C-0495), monitored by Dr. P. Maki. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 969 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.969 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600231 ER PT S AU Potbhare, S Akturk, A Goldsman, N Lelis, A Dhar, S Agarwal, A AF Potbhare, Siddharth Akturk, Akin Goldsman, Neil Lelis, Aivars Dhar, Sarit Agarwal, Anant BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Effect of Band-edge Interface Traps and Transition Region Mobility on Transport in 4H-SiC MOSFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE Transition Region; Surface Roughness; Mobility; Interface Traps; Device Modeling; SiC MOSFETs AB We present physics based models for the occupation of interface traps and the mobility of the transition layer found in 4H-SiC MOSFETs and extract values for the same using combined numerical simulation and experimental characterization. The Si-C-O transition layer found in 4H-SiC MOS devices is electrically modeled as having a doping dependent mobility that is different from the regular bulk 4H-SiC bulk mobility. Compared to the high intrinsic bulk mobility of 4H-SiC, the transition layer intrinsic mobility was extracted to be approximately 165cm(2)/Vs. The occurrence of the excessive high density of interface traps near the conduction band edge led us to develop a new model for the occupation of traps lying inside the conduction band itself. Due to the conduction band trap densities being comparable to the conduction band electron states, a non-zero probability exists for their occupation, which causes the occupied trap densities to be very high in strong inversion. Detailed numerical simulations and corroboration with experiment have been performed to calibrate the models and extract physical parameter values. C1 [Potbhare, Siddharth; Akturk, Akin; Goldsman, Neil] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lelis, Aivars] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20742 USA. [Dhar, Sarit; Agarwal, Anant] Cree Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Potbhare, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM potbhare@umd.edu; akturka@umd.edu; neil@umd.edu; alelis@arl.army.mil; Sarit_Dhar@cree.com; Anant_Agarwal@cree.com NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 975 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.975 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600232 ER PT S AU Lelis, AJ Green, R Habersat, D Goldsman, N AF Lelis, A. J. Green, R. Habersat, D. Goldsman, N. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Effect of ON-state Stress on SiC DMOSFET Subthreshold I-V Characteristics SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE DMOSFET; leakage current; current stress; charge traps ID THRESHOLD-VOLTAGE INSTABILITY; RELIABILITY; DEVICES AB We have observed a noticeable increase in the instability of the I-V characteristics following an ON-state current stress, especially in the subthreshold region. An increased stretch-out and negative shift can give rise to increased leakage current in the OFF-state if proper precautions are not met to provide a proper margin for the threshold voltage. State-of-the-art 50-A MOSFETs exhibit less instability than previous 20-A devices, and devices that run hotter show a larger degradation. C1 [Lelis, A. J.; Green, R.; Habersat, D.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Goldsman, N.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lelis, AJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM alelis@arl.army.mil; rgreen@arl.army.mil; dhabersat@arl.army.mil; neil@umd.edu NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 983 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.983 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600234 ER PT S AU Agarwal, A Zhang, QC Callanan, R Capell, C Burk, A O'Loughlin, M Palmour, J Temple, V Stahlbush, R Caldwell, J O'Brien, H Scozzie, C AF Agarwal, Anant Zhang, Qingchun (Jon) Callanan, Robert Capell, Craig Burk, Albert O'Loughlin, Michael Palmour, John Temple, Victor Stahlbush, Robert Caldwell, Joshua O'Brien, Heather Scozzie, Charles BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI 9 kV, 1 cm(2) SiC Gate Turn-Off Thyristors SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE SiC; GTO; High power; High Voltage; BPD; Stability AB In this paper, for the first time, we report a large area (1 cm(2)) SiC GTO with 9 kV blocking voltage fabricated on 100-mm 4H-SiC substrates with much reduced Basal Plane Dislocation (BPD) density. The static and dynamic characteristics are described. A forward drop of 3.7 V at 100 A (100 A/cm(2)) is measured at 25 degrees C. A slight positive temperature coefficient of the forward drop is present at 300 A/cm(2), indicating the possibility of paralleling multiple devices for higher current capability. The device exhibits extremely low leakage currents at high temperatures. The device has shown fast turn-on time of 53.9 nsec, and similar to 3.5 mu s of turn-off time, respectively. A stable forward voltage drop after electrical stress for >1000 hours has been achieved. C1 [Agarwal, Anant; Zhang, Qingchun (Jon); Callanan, Robert; Capell, Craig; Burk, Albert; O'Loughlin, Michael; Palmour, John] Cree Inc, 3026 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Temple, Victor] Silicon Power Corp, Washington, DC 12065 USA. [Stahlbush, Robert; Caldwell, Joshua] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [O'Brien, Heather; Scozzie, Charles] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Agarwal, A (reprint author), Cree Inc, 3026 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Anant_Agarwal@cree.com RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 FU Mr. Charles Scozzie of Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland for the work on SiC GTO FX The authors would like to acknowledge the funding support from Mr. Charles Scozzie of Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland for the work on SiC GTO. The authors are indebted to Dr. Victor Temple of Silicon Power Corporation (SPCO) for the design and packaging of SiC GTOs NR 2 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 1017 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.1017 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600242 ER PT S AU Zhang, QC Callanan, R Agarwal, A Burk, A O'Loughlin, M Palmour, J Scozzie, C AF Zhang, Qingchun (Jon) Callanan, Robert Agarwal, Anant Burk, Albert O'Loughlin, Michael Palmour, John Scozzie, Charles BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI 10 kV, 10 A Bipolar Junction Transistors and Darlington Transistors on 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE SiC; BJT; Darlington transistor; Current gain AB 4H-SiC Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and hybrid Darlington Transistors with 10 kV/10 A capability have beep for the first time. The SiC BJT (chip size: 0.75 cm(2) with an active area of 0.336 cm(2)) conducts a collector current of 10 A (similar to 30 A/cm(2)) with a forward voltage drop of 4.0 V (forced current gain beta(forced): 20) corresponding to a specific on-resistance of 130 m Omega center dot cm(2) at 25 C. The DC current gain, [3, at a collector voltage of 15 V is measured to be 28 at a base current of 1 A. Both open emitter breakdown voltage (BVCBO) and open base breakdown voltage (BVCEO) of similar to 10 kV have been achieved. The 10 kV SiC Darlington transistor pair consists of a 10 A SiC BJT as the output device and a 1 A SiC BJT as the driver. The forward voltage drop of 4.5 V is measured at 10 A of collector current. The DC forced current gain at the collector voltage of 5.0 V was measured to be 440 at room temperature. C1 [Zhang, Qingchun (Jon); Callanan, Robert; Agarwal, Anant; Burk, Albert; O'Loughlin, Michael; Palmour, John] Cree Inc, 3026 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Scozzie, Charles] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, QC (reprint author), Cree Inc, 3026 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Jon_Zhang@cree.com FU Cooperative Agreement [W911NF-04-2-0022]; Army Research Laboratory in Adelphi, Md FX This research was funded through the Cooperative Agreement W911NF-04-2-0022 program supported by the Army Research Laboratory in Adelphi, Md. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 1025 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.1025 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600244 ER PT S AU Zhang, QC Richmond, J Capell, C Agarwal, A Palmour, J O'Brian, H Scozzie, C AF Zhang, Qingchun (Jon) Richmond, Jim Capell, Craig Agarwal, Anant Palmour, John O'Brian, Heather Scozzie, Charles BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI A 10 kV 4H-SiC Bipolar Turn Off Thyristor (BTO) with Positive Temperature Coefficient of V-F, Current Saturation Capability and Fast Switching Speed SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE SiC; GTO; BJT; BTO; thyristor; temperature coefficient; current saturation AB A novel power device configuration, the Bipolar Turn Off thyristor (BTO), was proposed and demonstrated in SiC. The BTO operates in anode switch configuration consisting of a 9 kV SiC p-type Gate Turn Off thyristor (GTO) and a 1600 V SiC n-type Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT). Compared with SiC GTOs, several new features have been accomplished in the BTO: (1) A positive temperature coefficient of forward voltage drop, (2) Anode current saturation capability, and (3) A simple gate driver and fast switching speed. C1 [Zhang, Qingchun (Jon); Richmond, Jim; Capell, Craig; Agarwal, Anant; Palmour, John] Cree Inc, 3026 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [O'Brian, Heather; Scozzie, Charles] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, QC (reprint author), Cree Inc, 3026 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Jon_Zhang@cree.com FU Army Research Laboratory Adelphi, Maryland for the work on SiC GTOs FX The authors would like to acknowledge the funding support from Army Research Laboratory Adelphi, Maryland for the work on SiC GTOs. Reference: NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 1045 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.1045 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600249 ER PT S AU Veliadis, V Urciuoli, D Hearne, H Ha, HC Howell, R Scozzie, C AF Veliadis, V. Urciuoli, D. Hearne, H. Ha, H. C. Howell, R. Scozzie, C. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI 600-V/2-A symmetrical bi-directional power flow using vertical-channel JFETs connected in common source configuration SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE SiC; JFET; bi-directional; circuit breaker; normally-on; depletion mode; 1200-V AB Bi-directional solid-state-circuit-breakers (SSCBs) are highly desirable in power-electronic fault-protection applications due to their high actuation speed and repeated fault isolation capability. Normally-on SiC vertical-channel JFETs (VJFETs) are excellent candidates for high power/temperature scalable SSCB applications as majority carrier devices with low conduction losses and stable +300 degrees C thermal characteristics. 600-V/2-A bi-directional power flow was demonstrated using two VJFETs connected back-to-back with their sources in common. The low VJFET pre-breakdown leakage currents and sharp onset of breakdown are critical in enabling bi-directional power flow. 0.1-cm(2) low conduction-loss VJFETs were designed for efficient and reliable SSCB applications. C1 [Veliadis, V.; Hearne, H.; Ha, H. C.; Howell, R.] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. [Urciuoli, D.; Scozzie, C.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Veliadis, V (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. EM victor.veliadis@ngc.com NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 1147 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.1147 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600274 ER PT S AU Potbhare, S Goldsmant, N Akturk, A Lelis, A AF Potbhare, Siddharth Goldsmant, Neil Akturk, Akin Lelis, Aivars BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Mixed Mode Modeling and Characterization of a 4H-SiC Power DMOSFET Based DC-DC Power Converter SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE 4H-SiC DMOSFET; Mixed Mode Modeling; DC-DC converter; inductive load; switching characteristics ID MOSFETS AB We present detailed mixed-mode simulations of a DC-DC converter based on 4H-SiC DMOSFETs. The mixed-mode modeling enables the use of complex physics based models for the interface trap occupation and surface mobility that are typical for 4H-SiC devices, and apply them to a practical circuit application such as a DC-DC boost converter. The mixed mode simulations are performed for a reduced DC-DC converter circuit to evaluate the performance of the DMOSFET when it has an inductive load. The current inside the device and its power dissipation during switching are evaluated numerically. Further, the mixed-mode device simulation shows that the majority carriers (electrons) inside the 4H-SiC DMOSFET require a finite time to go from the ON (strongly inverted) to the OFF (depleted) state, thereby causing power dissipation and heating during the turn-off period. The peak power is dissipated in the JFET region of the device which indicates that maximum heat and therefore maximum temperature may be generated there. C1 [Potbhare, Siddharth; Goldsmant, Neil; Akturk, Akin] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lelis, Aivars] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Potbhare, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM potbhare@umd.edu; neil@umd.edu; akturka@umd.edu; alelis@arl.army.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 1163 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.1163 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600278 ER PT J AU Capaldi, VF Guerrero, ML Killgore, WD AF Capaldi, V. F. Guerrero, M. L. Killgore, W. D. TI SLEEP DISORDERS AMONG OIF AND OEF SOLDIERS SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Capaldi, V. F.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Guerrero, M. L.; Killgore, W. D.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2010 VL 33 SU S MA 0693 BP A233 EP A233 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V21LB UT WOS:000208208001179 ER PT J AU Carter, KA Lettieri, C AF Carter, K. A. Lettieri, C. TI TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY INDUCED HYPERSOMNIA FOLLOWING REPETITIVE BLAST INJURIES IN IRAQ SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carter, K. A.; Lettieri, C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Lettieri, C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2010 VL 33 SU S MA 0798 BP A267 EP A267 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V21LB UT WOS:000208208001283 ER PT J AU Carter, KA Lettieri, C Lettieri, C Hoffman, M Nassar, P AF Carter, K. A. Lettieri, C. Lettieri, C. Hoffman, M. Nassar, P. TI DOES HOME SLEEP TESTING IMPAIR CPAP COMPLIANCE IN PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA? SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carter, K. A.; Lettieri, C.; Hoffman, M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Lettieri, C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Lettieri, C.] DeWitt Army Community Hosp, Dept Family Med, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. [Lettieri, C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Nassar, P.] Jacksonville Heart Ctr, Jacksonville Heart Sleep Ctr, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2010 VL 33 SU S MA 0509 BP A172 EP A172 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V21LB UT WOS:000208208000512 ER PT J AU Eliasson, A Kashani, M Mayhew, M Vernalis, M AF Eliasson, A. Kashani, M. Mayhew, M. Vernalis, M. TI IMPROVING SLEEP QUALITY CORRELATES WITH LOWER WEIGHT-A LONGITUDINAL OUTCOMES STUDY SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Eliasson, A.; Kashani, M.; Mayhew, M.; Vernalis, M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Eliasson, A.; Kashani, M.; Mayhew, M.; Vernalis, M.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Integrat Cardiac Hlth Project, Washington, DC USA. [Eliasson, A.; Vernalis, M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2010 VL 33 SU S MA 1132 BP A378 EP A378 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V21LB UT WOS:000208208001615 ER PT J AU Hoffman, M Lettieri, C AF Hoffman, M. Lettieri, C. TI ADHERENCE TO CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE TREATMENT OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN PATIENTS WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hoffman, M.; Lettieri, C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2010 VL 33 SU S MA 0707 BP A237 EP A237 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V21LB UT WOS:000208208001193 ER PT J AU Killgore, DB Killgore, WD Grugle, NL Balkin, T AF Killgore, D. B. Killgore, W. D. Grugle, N. L. Balkin, T. TI SUBJECTIVE SLEEPINESS AND OBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE: DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF STIMULANTS DURING SLEEP DEPRIVATION SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Killgore, D. B.; Killgore, W. D.; Grugle, N. L.; Balkin, T.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Killgore, W. D.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2010 VL 33 SU S MA 0276 BP A96 EP A96 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V21LB UT WOS:000208208000279 ER PT J AU Killgore, DB Killgore, WD Grugle, NL Balkin, T AF Killgore, D. B. Killgore, W. D. Grugle, N. L. Balkin, T. TI RESISTANCE TO SLEEP LOSS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO DECISION MAKING DURING SLEEP DEPRIVATION SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Killgore, D. B.; Killgore, W. D.; Grugle, N. L.; Balkin, T.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Killgore, W. D.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2010 VL 33 SU S MA 0260 BP A91 EP A91 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V21LB UT WOS:000208208000263 ER PT J AU Killgore, WD Grugle, NL Balkin, T AF Killgore, W. D. Grugle, N. L. Balkin, T. TI JUDGMENT OF OBJECTIVE VIGILANCE PERFORMANCE IS AFFECTED BY SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND STIMULANTS SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Killgore, W. D.; Grugle, N. L.; Balkin, T.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Killgore, W. D.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2010 VL 33 SU S MA 0273 BP A95 EP A95 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V21LB UT WOS:000208208000276 ER PT J AU Killgore, WD Conrad, TA Grugle, NL Balkin, T AF Killgore, W. D. Conrad, T. A. Grugle, N. L. Balkin, T. TI BASELINE EXECUTIVE FUNCTION ABILITIES PREDICT RISKY BEHAVIOR FOLLOWING SLEEP DEPRIVATION SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Killgore, W. D.; Grugle, N. L.; Balkin, T.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Killgore, W. D.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. [Conrad, T. A.] McDaniel Coll, Westminster, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2010 VL 33 SU S MA 0261 BP A91 EP A91 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V21LB UT WOS:000208208000264 ER PT S AU Nagaraj, S Quoraishee, S Chan, G Short, KR AF Nagaraj, Sheela Quoraishee, Shafik Chan, Gabriel Short, Kenneth R. BE Cullum, BM Porterfield, DM Booksh, KS TI Biometric Study Using Hyperspectral Imaging During Stress SO SMART BIOMEDICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technologies VII CY APR 08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral Imaging; Biometrics; Stress; Psychological; Physiological; Skin; VNIR; Near Infrared; Non-invasive ID FACE RECOGNITION; IMAGES AB To the casual observer, transient stress results in a variety of physiological changes that can be seen in the face. Although the conditions can be seen visibly, the conditions affect the emissivity and absorption properties of the skin, which imaging spectrometers, commonly referred to as Hyperspectral (HS) cameras, can quantify at every image pixel. The study reported on in this paper, using Hyperspectral cameras, provides a basis for continued study of HS imaging to eventually quantify biometric stress. This study was limited to the visible to near infrared (VNIR) spectral range. Signal processing tools and algorithms have been developed and are described for using HS face data from human subjects. The subjects were placed in psychologically stressful situations and the camera data were analyzed to detect stress through changes in dermal reflectance and emissivity. Results indicate that hyperspectral imaging may potentially serve as a non-invasive tool to measure changes in skin emissivity indicative of a stressful incident. Particular narrow spectral bands in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum seem especially important. Further studies need to be performed to determine the optimal spectral bands and to generalize the conclusions. The enormous information available in hyperspectral imaging needs further analysis and more spectral regions need to be exploited. Non-invasive stress detection is a prominent area of research with countless applications for both military and commercial use including border patrol, stand-off interrogation, access control, surveillance, and non-invasive and un-attended patient monitoring. C1 [Nagaraj, Sheela; Quoraishee, Shafik; Chan, Gabriel] USA, RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Nagaraj, S (reprint author), USA, RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM sheela.nagaraj@us.army.mil; shafik.quoraishee@us.army.mil; gabriel.chan@us.army.mil; kenneth.short3@us.army.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8138-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7674 AR 76740K DI 10.1117/12.850282 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS32 UT WOS:000285624800018 ER PT J AU Nyakatawa, EZ Mays, DA Howard, HR Svendsen, NG Britton, R Pacumbaba, RO AF Nyakatawa, E. Z. Mays, D. A. Howard, H. R. Svendsen, N. G. Britton, R. Pacumbaba, R. O., Jr. TI Runoff and Sediment Transport from Compost Mulch Berms on a Simulated Military Training Landscape SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE carbon; environmental risk; military ranges; nitrogen; sediment transport; soil erosion ID ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SOIL-EROSION; LAND-USE; DISTURBANCE; RESIDUES; RAINFALL; DECOMPOSITION; TERRESTRIAL; ENVIRONMENT AB Soil erosion and runoff due to mechanical disturbances on military training ranges can cause problems such as land degradation and environmental pollution of downstream ecosystems. This paper discusses runoff and sediment transport from compost mulch berms on a simulated military training landscape. The berms were constructed using mixtures of municipal yard waste (YW), wood chips (WC), pine bark fines (PB), and sub-soil (SL) in eight different proportions at Hazel Green, North Alabama, in Fall 2006. Bermsmade from 100% soil, which had over 140 000 L ha(-1) of runoff and 13.3 kg ha(-1) of sediment transport over the study period, had the greatest risk of causing off-site negative environmental effects. Berms made from 100% PB and 100% WC or combinations of compost materials without soil had the lowest risk of causing environmental pollution from runoff and sediment transport. Compared to soil, compost mulches can significantly reduce negative environmental effects to downstream ecosystems when used for berm construction on military training ranges. However, measures to minimize transport of C and N in runoff sediment, such as planting grass cover crops, need to be evaluated to make the technology more environmentally sustainable. C1 [Nyakatawa, E. Z.; Mays, D. A.; Britton, R.; Pacumbaba, R. O., Jr.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Howard, H. R.; Svendsen, N. G.] USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Nyakatawa, EZ (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, POB 1208, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM ermson.nyakatawa@aamu.edu FU U. S. Army, Engineering Research and Development Center-Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL), Champaign, Illinois, USA, FX The authors wish to extend their appreciation and acknowledgement to the U. S. Army, Engineering Research and Development Center-Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL), Champaign, Illinois, USA, for providing the financial support for this research project. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 307 EP 321 DI 10.1080/15320381003695231 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 596CA UT WOS:000277660100004 ER PT J AU Semendy, F Singh, S Litz, M Wijewarnasuriya, P Blaine, K Dhar, N AF Semendy, F. Singh, S. Litz, M. Wijewarnasuriya, P. Blaine, K. Dhar, N. TI Front and back side processed unintentionally doped GaAs Schottky detectors for X-ray detection SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE SI GaAs; Schottky detectors; I-V characteristics; X-ray detection ID PERFORMANCE AB This paper details the processing steps used to fabricate front and back side processed, unintentionally doped bulk GaAs Schottky detectors and presents the results of current-voltage (I-V) and X-ray characterization of the detectors. GaAs detectors with large enough thickness and low enough doping could be used for X-ray imaging, especially for medical applications. For this experiment, we fabricated GaAs Schottky wafers using front and back side photolithographic processing with Ti/Au for the Schottky contacts and Ge/Au/Ni/Au for the ohmic contacts. We then tested a number of 2 mm(2) detectors. The breakdown voltage reached 600-800 V reverse bias in these GaAs Schottky detectors and the dark current was found to be between 2 and 90 nA. These detectors were also characterized using 150 keV, 3 mA X-ray radiation and the response indicated more than a hundredfold increase in photocurrent. These detectors with their high breakdown voltage will enhance the charge collection efficiency. In addition, thicker samples with high breakdown voltage can be used. which will provide even higher stopping power, thus making these detectors suitable for high energy X-ray detection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Semendy, F.; Litz, M.; Wijewarnasuriya, P.; Blaine, K.; Dhar, N.] US Army, SEDD, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Singh, S.] Prime Circuits, Glendale, MD 20769 USA. RP Semendy, F (reprint author), US Army, SEDD, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM fsemendy@arl.army.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 EI 1879-2405 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 54 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2009.09.011 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 535LR UT WOS:000272970300001 ER PT S AU Cole, B Lei, J DiLazaro, T Schilling, B Trussell, W Goldberg, L AF Cole, Brian Lei, Jonathan DiLazaro, Tom Schilling, Brad Trussell, Ward Goldberg, Lew BE Clarkson, WA Hodgson, N Shori, RK TI Reduction in timing jitter for a Cr:YAG Q-switched Nd:YAG laser SO SOLID STATE LASERS XIX: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XIX - Technology and Devices CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Solid state lasers; Nd:YAG; passively Q-switched ID NDYAG LASER; SATURABLE ABSORBER AB To address the issue of pulse-to-pulse timing jitter in a passively Q-switched Cr:YAG/Nd:YAG laser, we have developed a technique for optical triggering, where the energy from a single bar diode was used to bleach a thin sheet within the Cr: YAG saturable absorber from a direction orthogonal to the lasing axis. A strong anisotropy for bleaching effect was observed; with appropriate polarization of the bleaching light the transmission through the saturable absorber was increased from 45% to 63%. This technique was applied to a monolithic Cr:YAG/Nd:YAG laser operating under steady state conditions. By placing the Q-switched pulse at the time corresponding to the steepest slope for change in transmission during bleaching, which occurs similar to 1 mu s after the bleaching diode trigger, we measured an 12.5X reduction in the pulse-to-pulse timing jitter, from 100ns for free running operation to 8ns with optical triggering. C1 [Cole, Brian; Lei, Jonathan; DiLazaro, Tom; Schilling, Brad; Trussell, Ward; Goldberg, Lew] USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, RDECOM CERDEC, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Cole, B (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, RDECOM CERDEC, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7974-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7578 AR 75781Q DI 10.1117/12.843247 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSM47 UT WOS:000284936100051 ER PT J AU Aramaki, M Silachamroon, U Desakorn, V Maek-A-Nantawat, W Waiwaruwut, J Jutiwarakun, K Kim, JH Pitisuttithum, P AF Aramaki, Maie Silachamroon, Udomsak Desakorn, Varunee Maek-a-nantawat, Wirach Waiwaruwut, Jirachai Jutiwarakun, Kamonwan Kim, Jerome Hahn Pitisuttithum, Punnee TI IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN ADULT HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED PATIENTS IN THAILAND SO SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE IRIS; HIV-infected patients; HAART; Thailand ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RESTORATION DISEASE; ADVANCED AIDS; RISK-FACTORS; TUBERCULOSIS; HIV; PREVALENCE; INITIATION AB Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an important ad verse event among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The epidemiology of IRIS in Thailand has not been well examined, especially among adult HIV-infected patients. In the present Study, we reviewed the medical records of 174 HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy-naive patients older than 15 years (the median CD4 count at commencement of HAART was 37 cells/mm(3)) and compared characteristics of patients with and without IRIS. During a 12-month follow-up period after commencement of HAART, 11 cases (6.3%) of IRIS were identified (4.2/100 patient years HAART). The cases included nine cases with mycobacterial infection, one with cytomegalovirus retinitis and one with cryptococcal meningitis. The patients with IRIS were significantly Younger than those without IRIS (29 vs 36 on medians, p=0.022). The median interval between commencement of HAART and the onset of IRIS was 22 days. Although all patients with IRIS improved with or without corticosteroids, the were more frequently hospitalized during a 12-month folllow-up period while taking HAART (1 vs 0 on medians, p<0.001). The incidence of IRIS in advanced adult HIV-infected patients in Thailand was lower than that reported from Europe and the United States, which may be attributable to deferment of HAART after diagnosing opportunistic infections. C1 [Aramaki, Maie; Silachamroon, Udomsak; Desakorn, Varunee; Maek-a-nantawat, Wirach; Pitisuttithum, Punnee] Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Clin Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Waiwaruwut, Jirachai; Jutiwarakun, Kamonwan] Chou Buri Reg Hosp, Chon Buri, Thailand. [Kim, Jerome Hahn] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Silachamroon, U (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Clin Trop Med, 420-6 Ratchawithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM tmusl@mahidol.ac.th NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEAST ASIAN MINISTERS EDUC ORGANIZATION PI BANGKOK PA SEAMEO-TROPMED, 420-6 RAJVITHI RD,, BANGKOK 10400, THAILAND SN 0125-1562 J9 SE ASIAN J TROP MED JI Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health PD JAN PY 2010 VL 41 IS 1 BP 138 EP 145 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine GA 552GY UT WOS:000274277900018 PM 20578492 ER PT J AU Srisurapanon, S Sukwit, S Chuenchitra, T Santiwattanakul, S AF Srisurapanon, Surangrat Sukwit, Suchitra Chuenchitra, Thippawan Santiwattanakul, Somchai TI ZAP-70 POSITIVE CELLS IN TREATED AND UNTREATED HIV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS SO SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; ZAP-70; mean fluorescence intensity ID TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; T-CELLS; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HIV-INFECTION; VIRAL LOAD; VIRUS; KINASE; CD4; LYMPHOCYTES AB ZAP-70 is a critical protein tyrosine kinase in T-cell activation and proliferation processes. Defective recruitment of ZAP-70 molecules results in termination of the T-cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction pathway. Impairment of this pathway is one of the early markers of disease progression in HIV-1 infected individuals. T-cell dysfunction in HIV infected patients may be connected to a defect in the proximal TCR signaling cascade. To evaluate this presumption, the numbers and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of ZAP-70 positive cells in patients with treated and untreated HIV-1 infection and healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry. A correlation between the MFI in ZAP 70 molecules and the viral load was evaluated. A total of 41 HIV-1 infected patients, 30 patients oil HAART and 11 untreated patients, and 11 healthy controls were enrolled. The data show ZAP-70+/CD4+ cells in treated and Untreated HIV-1 infected individuals had a greater MFI of ZAP-70 molecules than those from healthy controls (p<0.001). The inverse correlation between the percentage of CD4+cells and the MFI of ZAP-70+/CD4+ T-cells was significant (r =-0.5; p <0.01). A stronger correlation between the percentage of CD4+/CD25+ cells and the MFI of ZAP-70+/CD4+ cells was observed (r =-0.6; p<0.01). However, no significant correlation was seen between the MFI of the ZAP-70+/CD4+cells and the viral load in patients with untreated HIV-1 infection (r =-0.4, p = 0.16). For HIV-1 treated patients, the viral loads were too low to detect so it was not possible to calculate the correlation. Elevated MFI levels of ZAP-70 molecules in CD4+cells in HIV infected patients may be associated with an inability to further activate T-cells. C1 [Srisurapanon, Surangrat; Santiwattanakul, Somchai] Srinakharinwirot Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. [Sukwit, Suchitra] Army Inst Pathol, Bangkok, Thailand. [Chuenchitra, Thippawan] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Srisurapanon, S (reprint author), Srinakharinwirot Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Sukumwit 23,Sukumvit Rd, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. EM surangra@swu.ac.th FU Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand FX We are indebted to all the patients who enrolled in this study. This work was funded by the Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHEAST ASIAN MINISTERS EDUC ORGANIZATION PI BANGKOK PA SEAMEO-TROPMED, 420-6 RAJVITHI RD,, BANGKOK 10400, THAILAND SN 0125-1562 J9 SE ASIAN J TROP MED JI Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health PD JAN PY 2010 VL 41 IS 1 BP 146 EP 152 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine GA 552GY UT WOS:000274277900019 PM 20578493 ER PT B AU Noyes, JM Haas, E AF Noyes, Jan M. Haas, Ellen BE Chen, F Jokinen, K TI Military Applications: Human Factors Aspects of Speech-Based Systems SO SPEECH TECHNOLOGY: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RECOGNITION; VOICE; STRESS C1 [Noyes, Jan M.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Haas, Ellen] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Noyes, JM (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. EM j.noyes@bristol.ac.uk; ehaas@arl.army.mil NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-73818-5 PY 2010 BP 251 EP 270 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-73819-2_13 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-73819-2 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQC24 UT WOS:000280656100013 ER PT B AU Powell, HL Frost, FS AF Powell, Heather Lynn Frost, Fredrick S. BE Lin, VW TI Nutrition in Spinal Cord Injury SO SPINAL CORD MEDICINE: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESTING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; BODY-MASS INDEX; METABOLIC RESPONSE; VITAMIN-D; PARAPLEGIC PATIENTS; VETERANS; MEN; HYPONATREMIA; PREALBUMIN; DIETARY C1 [Frost, Fredrick S.] Cleveland Clin, Lerner Coll Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Powell, Heather Lynn] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Integrated Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Powell, HL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Integrated Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DEMOS MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS PI NEW YORK PA 11 WEST 42ND STREET, 15TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA BN 978-1-933864-19-8 PY 2010 BP 310 EP 322 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA BOJ93 UT WOS:000276871800025 ER PT J AU Tis, JE O'Brien, MF Newton, PO Lenke, LG Clements, DH Harms, J Betz, RR AF Tis, John E. O'Brien, Michael F. Newton, Peter O. Lenke, Lawrence G. Clements, David H. Harms, Juergen Betz, Randal R. TI Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Treated With Open Instrumented Anterior Spinal Fusion Five-Year Follow-up SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; open instrumented anterior spinal fusion; primary thoracic (Lenke 1); pulmonary function; radiographic results; complications ID PEDICLE SCREW FIXATION; VENTRAL DEROTATION SPONDYLODESIS; HALM-ZIELKE INSTRUMENTATION; DUAL ROD INSTRUMENTATION; THORACIC SCOLIOSIS; POSTERIOR INSTRUMENTATION; VERTEBRAL ROTATION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; OPEN THORACOTOMY; CURVE CORRECTION AB Study Design. A multicenter prospective database was queried for patients who underwent open instrumented anterior spinal fusion (OASF) for treatment of primary thoracic (Lenke 1) adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Objectives. To present the intermediate radiographic and pulmonary function testing (PFT) data from patients who underwent OASF using modern, rigid instrumentation. Summary of Background Data. Anterior spinal fusion is an excellent method to correct the 3-dimensional deformity produced by AIS. Modern instrumentation consisting of stronger metals, unthreaded rods, and dual rod systems should theoretically decrease the incidence of rod breakage, pseudarthrosis, and loss of correction seen in earlier OASF studies. The paucity of intermediate and long-term data prevents surgeons and patients from making an informed decision regarding the true incidence of these complications. Methods. Of 101 potential patients who underwent OASF with a minimum 5-year follow-up, 85 (85%) were studied. Standing radiographs were analyzed before surgery and at first standing erect, 2-year, and 5-year follow-up. PFT data were collected before surgery and at 5 years after surgery. Results. Complete 5-year follow-up was obtained in 85 patients. Five years after surgery, the mean coronal correction was 26 (51%; P < 0.05) and the thoracolumbar/lumbar curve improved 16 ( 51%). There was a 9-degree ( P < 0.001) increase in kyphosis, and there were 9 patients (11%) in whom the C7 plumb line translated > 2 cm. There was a 6.7% decrease in predicted FEV(1) over the 5-year period, from 75.5% +/- 13% before surgery to 68.8% +/- 2% at 5-year follow-up ( P = 0.007); however, there was no significant change in FVC. There were 3 significant adverse events: 1 implant breakage requiring reoperation and 2 cases of progression of the main thoracic curve requiring reoperation. Conclusion. OASF is a reproducible and safe method to treat thoracic AIS. It provides good coronal and sagittal correction of the main thoracic and compensatory thoracolumbar/lumbar curves that is maintained with intermediate term follow-up. In skeletally immature children, this technique can cause an increase in kyphosis beyond normal values, and less correction of kyphosis should be considered during instrumentation. As with any procedure that employs a thoracotomy, pulmonary function is mildly decreased at final follow-up. C1 [Clements, David H.; Betz, Randal R.] Shriners Hosp Children, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. [Tis, John E.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Wa, DC USA. [O'Brien, Michael F.] Miami Childrens Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, Miami, FL USA. [Newton, Peter O.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Lenke, Lawrence G.] WA Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, St Louis, MO USA. [Clements, David H.] Cooper Bone & Joint Inst, Camden, NJ USA. [Harms, Juergen] SRH Klinikum Karlsbad Langensteinbach, Karlsbad, Germany. RP Betz, RR (reprint author), Shriners Hosp Children, 3551 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. EM randalbetz@aol.com NR 47 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c4af52 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 551WX UT WOS:000274245200011 PM 20042957 ER PT J AU Dmitriev, AE Farhang, S Lehman, RA Ling, GSF Symes, AJ AF Dmitriev, Anton E. Farhang, Suzanne Lehman, Ronald A., Jr. Ling, Geoffrey S. F. Symes, Aviva J. TI Bone morphogenetic protein-2 used in spinal fusion with spinal cord injury penetrates intrathecally and elicits a functional signaling cascade SO SPINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Bone morphogenetic protein-2; Spinal arthrodesis; Spinal cord injury; Complications; Animal model AB BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and its indications for spinal fusion continue to be expanded with recent reports citing spinal trauma application. However, there are no data establishing the effects of rhBMP-2 on the injured spinal cord. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-specific intrathecal signaling after application to the spine at various time points after a spinal cord injury (SCI). STUDY DESIGN: This is an in vivo rat study using a combination of the dorsal hemisection SCI and the posterolateral arthrodesis animal models. METHODS: Sixty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either a T9-T10 dorsal hemisection SCI (n=52) or laminectomy only (n=13). Spinal cord injury animals were further subdivided into four follow-up groups (n=13/group): 30 minutes, 24 hours, 7 days, and 21 days, at which time one of two secondary surgeries were performed: Eight rats per time point received either 43 mu g of rhBMP-2 per side or sterile water control over T9-T11 on absorbable collagen sponges (ACSs). Animals were perfused after 24 hours, and spinal cords were immunohistochemically analyzed. Sections of the lesion were stained with BMP-specific pSmad 1, 5, 8 antibody and costained with cell-specific markers. pSmad-positive cells were then counted around the lesion. The remaining five rats (n=5/time point) had luciferase (blood spinal cord barrier [BSCB] permeability marker) injected through the jugular vein. Subsequently, spinal cords were collected and luciferase activity was quantified around the lesion and in the cervical samples (controls) using a luminometer. RESULTS: After injury, a significant increase in the number of pSmad-positive cells was observed when rhBMP-2 was implanted at the 30-minute, 24-hour, and 7-day time points (p<.05). Costaining revealed BMP-specific signaling activation in neurons, glial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Spinal cord permeability to luciferase was significantly increased at 30 minutes, 24 hours, and 7 days post lesion (p<.05). A significant linear regression was established between the extent of BSCB permeability and pSmad signaling (r(2) = 0.66, p=.000). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that rhBMP-2 use around a spinal cord lesion elicits a robust signaling response within the spinal cord parenchyma. All CNS cell types and the invading fibroblasts are activated to the extent dependent on the integrity of the meningeal and BSCB barriers. Therefore, in the presence of a SCI and/or dural tear, rhBMP-2 diffuses intrathecally and activates a signaling cascade in all major CNS cell types, which may increase glial scarring and impact neurologic recovery. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dmitriev, Anton E.; Farhang, Suzanne; Symes, Aviva J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Dmitriev, Anton E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Program Neurosci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Dmitriev, Anton E.; Lehman, Ronald A., Jr.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Integrated Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Ling, Geoffrey S. F.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Symes, AJ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM asymes@usuhs.mil RI Symes, Aviva/S-7471-2016 OI Symes, Aviva/0000-0003-2557-9939 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1529-9430 J9 SPINE J JI Spine Journal PD JAN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.10.003 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA V22OM UT WOS:000208284500003 PM 19914878 ER PT J AU Kyrolainen, H Santtila, M Nindl, BC Vasankari, T AF Kyrolainen, Heikki Santtila, Matti Nindl, Bradley C. Vasankari, Tommi TI Physical Fitness Profiles of Young Men Associations Between Physical Fitness, Obesity and Health SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; LIFE-STYLE; FOLLOW-UP; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AB Obesity in youth has increased during the last 10 years in Western countries Several studies have investigated physical activity and its effects on obesity and health, showing that regular physical activity combined with improved physical fitness reduces the risk of obesity and several metabolic problems (e g diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, heart disease) and also improves overall health However, there is only limited scientific information available concerning the changes in the physical fitness profiles of youth It is obvious that only slight changes observed in endurance-type physical activity can also be observed in aerobic capacity Today and in the future, a major public health concern for teenage and young adults is the combination of increasing body fatness together with decreasing physical fitness In order to evaluate overall fitness level it is particularly essential to examine both aerobic and neuromuscular fitness Therefore, in clinical practice work and health behaviour education, a person's physical fitness should be measured more frequently with various measures Furthermore, population-based surveys should be combined with regular measurement of physical fitness to study sedentary lifestyles, particularly in young people This article presents a review of current physical fitness profiles of male children, adolescents and young adults, which hopefully initiates further studies in this relevant scientific field In addition, the importance of physical fitness level is evaluated in relation to obesity and health Collectively, studies examining physical fitness profiles of young men suggest a disturbing worldwide trend of decreased aerobic fitness and increased obesity Continued efforts to foster improved physical fitness and healthy lifestyles should be encouraged to combat these trends Such efforts should include frequent and objective assessment of physical fitness rather than solely relying on subjective assessment of physical activity C1 [Kyrolainen, Heikki] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol Phys Act, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland. [Kyrolainen, Heikki] Natl Def Univ, Helsinki, Finland. [Santtila, Matti] Personnel Div Def Command, Helsinki, Finland. [Nindl, Bradley C.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Vasankari, Tommi] UKK Inst Hlth Promot Res, Tampere, Finland. [Vasankari, Tommi] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Helsinki, Finland. RP Kyrolainen, H (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol Phys Act, POB 35, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland. NR 87 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 11 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PY 2010 VL 40 IS 11 BP 907 EP 920 PG 14 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 681HI UT WOS:000284301600002 PM 20942508 ER PT S AU Blair, J Manne, F Mihai, R AF Blair, Jean Manne, Fredrik Mihai, Rodica BE Dolev, S Cobb, J Fischer, M Yung, M TI Efficient Self-stabilizing Graph Searching in Tree Networks SO STABILIZATION, SAFETY, AND SECURITY OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems CY SEP 20-22, 2010 CL Columbia Univ, New York, NY HO Columbia Univ ID VERTEX SEPARATION; PATH-WIDTH; ALGORITHM; NUMBER AB The graph search problem asks for a strategy that enables a minimum sized team of searchers to capture a "fugitive" while it evades and potentially multiplies through a network. It is motivated by the need to eliminate fast spreading viruses and other malicious software agents in computer networks. The current work improves on previous results with a self-stabilizing algorithm that clears an n node tree network using only 1+log n searchers and O(n log n) moves after initialization. Since circle minus(log n) searchers are required to clear some tree networks even in the sequential case, this is the best that any self-stabilizing algorithm can do. The algorithm is based on a novel multi-layer traversal of the network. C1 [Blair, Jean] US Mil Acad, Dept EE & CS, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Manne, Fredrik; Mihai, Rodica] Univ Bergen, Dept Informat, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Blair, J (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept EE & CS, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Jean.Blair@usma.edu; fredrikm@ii.uib.no; rodica@ii.uib.no NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-16022-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6366 BP 111 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUF43 UT WOS:000289123400011 ER PT S AU Bodenhamer, A Pettijohn, B Pezzaniti, JL Edmondson, R Vaden, J Hyatt, B Morris, J Chenault, D Tchon, J Barnidge, T Kaufman, S Kingston, D Newell, S AF Bodenhamer, Andrew Pettijohn, Bradley Pezzaniti, J. Larry Edmondson, Richard Vaden, Justin Hyatt, Brian Morris, James Chenault, David Tchon, Joe Barnidge, Tracy Kaufman, Seth Kingston, David Newell, Scott BE Woods, AJ Holliman, NS Dodgson, NA TI 3D vision upgrade kit for the TALON robot system SO STEREOSCOPIC DISPLAYS AND APPLICATIONS XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXI CY JAN 18-20, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, IS & T- The Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, IMAX Corp, NVIDIA Corp DE TALON; Army; manipulation; tele-operation; SUGV AB In September 2009 the Fort Leonard Wood Field Element of the US Army Research Laboratory - Human Research and Engineering Directorate, in conjunction with Polaris Sensor Technologies and Concurrent Technologies Corporation, evaluated the objective performance benefits of Polaris' 3D vision upgrade kit for the TALON small unmanned ground vehicle (SUGV). This upgrade kit is a field-upgradable set of two stereo-cameras and a flat panel display, using only standard hardware, data and electrical connections existing on the TALON robot. Using both the 3D vision system and a standard 2D camera and display, ten active-duty Army Soldiers completed seven scenarios designed to be representative of missions performed by military SUGV operators. Mission time savings (6.5% to 32%) were found for six of the seven scenarios when using the 3D vision system. Operators were not only able to complete tasks quicker but, for six of seven scenarios, made fewer mistakes in their task execution. Subjective Soldier feedback was overwhelmingly in support of pursuing 3D vision systems, such as the one evaluated, for fielding to combat units. C1 [Bodenhamer, Andrew; Pettijohn, Bradley] USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Ft Leonard Wood, MO 65473 USA. RP Bodenhamer, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, 320 Manscen Loop,Suite 115, Ft Leonard Wood, MO 65473 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7917-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7524 AR 752405 DI 10.1117/12.840512 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSL67 UT WOS:000284868500005 ER PT B AU Herrera, RA AF Herrera, Ricardo A. BE Stoker, D Hagan, KJ McMaster, MT TI The King's Friends Loyalists in British strategy SO STRATEGY IN THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Herrera, Ricardo A.] USA, Combined Arms Ctr, Combat Studies Inst, Staff Ride Team, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Herrera, RA (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Ctr, Combat Studies Inst, Staff Ride Team, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01970-2 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2010 BP 100 EP 119 PG 20 WC History SC History GA BMV23 UT WOS:000273642100007 ER PT S AU Blair, J Manne, F AF Blair, Jean Manne, Fredrik BE Kutten, S Zerovnik, J TI An Efficient Self-stabilizing Distance-2 Coloring Algorithm SO STRUCTURAL INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION COMPLEXITY SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Colloquium on Structural Information and Communication Complexity CY MAY 25-27, 2009 CL Piran, SLOVENIA ID PLANAR GRAPHS AB We present a self-stabilizing algorithm for the distance-2 coloring problem that uses a constant number of variables on each node and that stabilizes in O(Delta(2)m) moves using at most Delta(2) + 1 colors, where Delta is the maximum degree in the graph and in is the number of edges in the graph. The analysis holds true both for the sequential and the distributed adversarial daemon model. This should be compared with the previous best self-stabilizing algorithm for this problem which stabilizes in O(nm) moves under the sequential adversarial daemon and in O(n(3)m) time steps for the distributed adversarial daemon and which uses O(delta(i)) variables on each node i(10) where delta(i) is the degree of node i. C1 [Blair, Jean] US Mil Acad, Dept EE & CS, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Manne, Fredrik] Univ Bergen, Dept Informat, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Blair, J (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept EE & CS, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Jean.Blair@usma.edu; fredrikm@ii.uib.no NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-11475-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 5869 BP 237 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPV59 UT WOS:000280108000018 ER PT S AU Hampton, RD Li, TH Byers, LK AF Hampton, R. D. Li, T. H. Byers, L. K. BE Jones, N Brebbia, CA Mander, U TI Scaling of the modal response of a simply-supported rectangular plate SO STRUCTURES UNDER SHOCK AND IMPACT XI SE WIT Transactions on the Built Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Structures Under Shock and Impact CY JUL, 2010 CL Tallinn, ESTONIA DE shock response; rectangular plates; modal analysis; model scaling AB Actual military transports (such as ground vehicles or ships) are often not acceptable for shock-response testing, for such reasons as cost, vehicle availability, personnel availability, or time. If testing can be conducted on scaled-down models, whether of the actual transports or of critical subsections, the results might be usable to approximate the shock response of the full-scale hardware, provided that appropriate scaling relationships can be developed. Since many military vehicles and vessels have large structural portions consisting of homogeneous flat plates, these elements serve as a logical starting point for shock-response scaling efforts. This paper develops scaling relationships for thin rectangular plates in simple support, subject to transverse point-shock loads, under the assumptions of linearity, homogeneity, and geometric similarity of the plate faces. The plates are also assumed to have the same respective modal damping ratios, for corresponding modes. It is found that simple scaling factors exist, between corresponding modal frequencies, and between corresponding damped modeshapes. Further, via suitable discretization, these factors can be used to provide simple scaling relationships between the shock response of points on a scaled-down plate and that of corresponding (scaled) points on the scaled-up plate. C1 [Hampton, R. D.; Byers, L. K.] US Mil Acad, Civil & Mech Engn Dept, West Point, NY USA. RP Hampton, RD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Civil & Mech Engn Dept, West Point, NY USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1746-4498 BN 978-1-84564-466-6 J9 WIT TRANS BUILT ENV PY 2010 VL 113 BP 297 EP 311 DI 10.2495/SU100261 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mathematics; Materials Science GA BUF41 UT WOS:000289122200026 ER PT J AU Harris, JL AF Harris, Jef L. TI Disturbed: Terrorist Behavioral Profiles SO STUDIES IN CONFLICT & TERRORISM LA English DT Book Review C1 [Harris, Jef L.] USA, Support Command CBRNE 20, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Harris, JL (reprint author), USA, Support Command CBRNE 20, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1057-610X J9 STUD CONFL TERROR JI Stud. Confl. Terror. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 5 BP 464 EP 465 DI 10.1080/10576101003691572 PG 2 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 594WS UT WOS:000277571000005 ER PT S AU Clements, J Robinson, J Robinson, RM AF Clements, Jim Robinson, Joe Robinson, Richard M. BE Buford Jr, JA Murrer Jr, RL TI Non-destructive Missile Seeker Flight Testing: HWIL in the Sky SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE flight testing; HWIL; missiles; captive carry; airframe transfer function; seeker testing AB Surface to air missile development programs typically utilize hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulations when available to provide a non-destructive high volume test environment for what are typically very expensive guidance sections. The HWIL, while invaluable, hasn't been able to obviate the need for missile flight tests. Because of the great expense of these missiles the designers are only allowed to perform a fraction of the desired tests. Missile Airframe Simulation Testbed (MAST) is a program conceived by US Army Aviation and Missile Research Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) that blends the non-destructive nature of HWIL with the confidence gained from flight tests to expand the knowledge gained while reducing the development schedule of new missile programs. C1 [Clements, Jim] USA, Army Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. RP Clements, J (reprint author), USA, Army Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. EM jim.clements@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8127-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7663 AR 76630E DI 10.1117/12.851870 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSP41 UT WOS:000285288600013 ER PT S AU Curry, DM Ricks, G Thomas, TL AF Curry, David M. Ricks, Gayle Thomas, Tony L. BE Buford Jr, JA Murrer Jr, RL TI The Synergistic Roles of Test and Simulation In the Life Cycle of the Army TACMS Missile System SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Hardware-in-the-loop-simulation; inertially guided missile; validation; verification; accreditation AB The Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) has been fielded with the US Army for almost 20 years as a deep strike precision weapon, capable of engaging time critical targets at high precision under all weather conditions. This paper will describe the use of the HWIL simulation in the design of the missile, validation of the simulation, the role of the simulation in the production and test process, how the simulation is used to support system shelf life and obsolescence issues and how the simulation is used to answer critical user questions on the performance of the system. C1 [Curry, David M.] USA, RDECOM, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Curry, DM (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8127-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7663 AR 76630F DI 10.1117/12.851897 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSP41 UT WOS:000285288600014 ER PT S AU Das, NC Towner, F AF Das, Naresh C. Towner, Fred BE Buford Jr, JA Murrer Jr, RL TI Two color IR LED array SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Surface emitting devices; IR scene projection; 2-D LED array AB We report the IR electroluminescence in two wavelength bands, 3-4 micron (MWIR) and 8-9 micron (LWIR) regions. The epitaxial structure was grown on an n-type GaSb substrate with the MWIR quantum well (QW) region on top of LWIR QW region and a 0.5 mu m contact layer grown in between the two QW regions. We measured the light emission from the top surface of the device with different grating structures. We fabricated square mesas varying from 50 to 200 microns on a side. Both room temperature and cryogenic temperature results show emission in the wavelength regions as designed. C1 [Das, Naresh C.] USA, Res Lab, Microphoton Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Das, NC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Microphoton Branch, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8127-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7663 AR 766308 DI 10.1117/12.852343 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSP41 UT WOS:000285288600008 ER PT S AU Kim, HJ Moss, SG AF Kim, Hajin J. Moss, Stephen G. BE Buford Jr, JA Murrer Jr, RL TI Common hardware-in-the-loop development SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hardware-in-the-loop; network; architecture; latency; FPGA; modular; interface AB An approach to streamline the Hardware-In-the-Loop (HWIL) simulation development process is under evaluation. This Common HWIL technique will attempt to provide a more flexible, scalable system. The overall goal of the Common HWIL system will be to reduce cost by minimizing redundant development, operational labor and equipment expense. This paper will present current results and future plans of the development. C1 [Kim, Hajin J.] USA, RDECOM, Aviat & Missile RDEC, RDMR SSE H, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Aviat & Missile RDEC, RDMR SSE H, Bldg 5400, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM hajin.j.kim@us.army.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8127-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7663 AR 76630G DI 10.1117/12.852449 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSP41 UT WOS:000285288600015 ER PT S AU Morris, JW Ballard, GH Trimble, DE Bunfield, DH Mayhall, AJ AF Morris, Joseph W. Ballard, Gary H. Trimble, Darian E. Bunfield, Dennis H. Mayhall, Anthony J. BE Buford Jr, JA Murrer Jr, RL TI A Unification Framework for Best-of-Breed Real-Time Scene Generation SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Real-time Scene Generation; Real-Time Scene Compositing; InfiniBand; PCI Express 2.0; Joint Signature Image Generator (JSIG); DMA / RDMA; CUDA / OpenCL; Message Passing Interface (MPI); Neutral Messaging Language (NML) / Real-time Control Systems (RCS) AB AMRDEC sought out an improved framework for real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) scene generation to provide the flexibility needed to adapt to rapidly changing hardware advancements and provide the ability to more seamlessly integrate external third party codes for Best-of-Breed real-time scene generation. As such, AMRDEC has developed Continuum, a new software architecture foundation to allow for the integration of these codes into a HWIL lab facility while enhancing existing AMRDEC HWIL scene generation codes such as the Joint Signature Image Generator (JSIG). This new real-time framework is a minimalistic modular approach based on the National Institute of Standards (NIST) Neutral Messaging Language (NML) that provides the basis for common HWIL scene generation. High speed interconnects and protocols were examined to support distributed scene generation whereby the scene graph, associated phenomenology, and resulting scene can be designed around the data rather than a framework, and the scene elements can be dynamically distributed across multiple high performance computing assets. Because of this open architecture approach, the framework facilitates scaling from a single GPU "traditional" PC scene generation system to a multi-node distributed system requiring load distribution and scene compositing across multiple high performance computing platforms. This takes advantage of the latest advancements in GPU hardware, such as NVIDIA's Tesla and Fermi architectures, providing an increased benefit in both fidelity and performance of the associated scene's phenomenology. Other features of the Continuum easily extend the use of this framework to include visualization, diagnostic, analysis, configuration, and other HWIL and all digital simulation tools. C1 [Morris, Joseph W.; Ballard, Gary H.] USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr AMRDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35808 USA. RP Morris, JW (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr AMRDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35808 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8127-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7663 AR 76630R DI 10.1117/12.851924 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSP41 UT WOS:000285288600026 ER PT S AU Olson, RF Reynolds, TM Satterfield, HD AF Olson, Richard F. Reynolds, Terry M. Satterfield, H. Dewayne BE Buford Jr, JA Murrer Jr, RL TI FAST METHODS FOR COMPUTING SCENE RAW SIGNALS IN MILLIMETER WAVE SENSOR SIMULATIONS SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Radar Simulation; Doppler Beam Sharpening; Spotlight SAR; Point Scatterer Modeling; Radar Scene Generation; Hardware-in-the-Loop; Vector Signal Processing AB Modern millimeter wave (mmW) radar sensor systems employ wideband transmit waveforms and efficient receiver signal processing methods for resolving accurate measurements of targets embedded in complex backgrounds. Fast Fourier Transform processing of pulse return signal samples is used to resolve range and Doppler locations, and amplitudes of scattered RF energy. Angle glint from RF scattering centers can be measured by performing monopulse arithmetic on signals resolved in both delta and sum antenna channels. Environment simulations for these sensors - including all-digital and hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) scene generators - require fast, efficient methods for computing radar receiver input signals to support accurate simulations with acceptable execution time and computer cost. Although all-digital and HWIL simulations differ in their representations of the radar sensor (which is itself a simulation in the all-digital case), the signal computations for mmW scene modeling are closely related for both types. Engineers at the U. S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) have developed various fast methods for computing mmW scene raw signals to support both HWIL scene projection and all-digital receiver model input signal synthesis. These methods range from high level methods of decomposing radar scenes for accurate application of spatially-dependent nonlinear scatterer phase history, to low-level methods of efficiently computing individual scatterer complex signals and single precision transcendental functions. The efficiencies of these computations are intimately tied to math and memory resources provided by computer architectures. The paper concludes with a summary of radar scene computing performance on available computer architectures, and an estimate of future growth potential for this computational performance. C1 [Olson, Richard F.] USA, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. RP Olson, RF (reprint author), USA, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8127-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7663 AR 76630L DI 10.1117/12.853466 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSP41 UT WOS:000285288600020 ER PT J AU Ackerman, MJ Filart, R Burgess, LP Lee, I Poropatich, RK AF Ackerman, Michael J. Filart, Rosemarie Burgess, Lawrence P. Lee, Insup Poropatich, Ronald K. TI Developing Next-Generation Telehealth Tools and Technologies: Patients, Systems, and Data Perspectives SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material DE business administration/economics; telehealth tools; technology; National Institutes of Health ID CLINICAL-DECISION-SUPPORT AB The major goals of telemedicine today are to develop next-generation telehealth tools and technologies to enhance healthcare delivery to medically underserved populations using telecommunication technology, to increase access to medical specialty services while decreasing healthcare costs, and to provide training of healthcare providers, clinical trainees, and students in health-related fields. Key drivers for these tools and technologies are the need and interest to collaborate among telehealth stakeholders, including patients, patient communities, research funders, researchers, healthcare services providers, professional societies, industry, healthcare management/economists, and healthcare policy makers. In the development, marketing, adoption, and implementation of these tools and technologies, communication, training, cultural sensitivity, and end-user customization are critical pieces to the process. Next-generation tools and technologies are vehicles toward personalized medicine, extending the telemedicine model to include cell phones and Internet-based telecommunications tools for remote and home health management with video assessment, remote bedside monitoring, and patient-specific care tools with event logs, patient electronic profile, and physician note-writing capability. Telehealth is ultimately a system of systems in scale and complexity. To cover the full spectrum of dynamic and evolving needs of end-users, we must appreciate system complexity as telehealth moves toward increasing functionality, integration, inter-operability, outreach, and quality of service. Toward that end, our group addressed three overarching questions: (1) What are the high-impact topics? (2) What are the barriers to progress? and (3) What roles can the National Institutes of Health and its various institutes and centers play in fostering the future development of telehealth? C1 [Ackerman, Michael J.] NIH, Natl Lib Med, Off High Performance Comp & Commun, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. [Filart, Rosemarie] NIH, Natl Ctr Res Resources, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. [Burgess, Lawrence P.] Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Telehlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lee, Insup] Univ Penn, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Poropatich, Ronald K.] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Ackerman, MJ (reprint author), NIH, Natl Lib Med, Off High Performance Comp & Commun, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. EM mackerman@mail.nih.gov NR 6 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 93 EP 95 DI 10.1089/tmj.2009.0153 PG 3 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 551BV UT WOS:000274181600015 PM 20043711 ER PT S AU Woolard, D Recine, G Bykhovski, A Zhang, WD AF Woolard, Dwight Recine, Greg Bykhovski, Alexei Zhang, Weidong BE Lampin, JF Decoster, DJ Razeghi, M TI Molecular-level engineering of THz/IR-sensitive materials for future biological sensing application SO TERAHERTZ EMITTERS, RECEIVERS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications CY AUG 01-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE molecular; terahertz; infrared; sensing; engineered materials; biological sensing AB While the unique spectral information associated with chemical and biological molecules within the terahertz frequency regime (similar to 3.0-3.0 millimeters) motivates its use for practical sensing applications, limiting factors at the macroscale (weak spectral absorption, broad line widths and masking geometrical effects introduced by the samples) provides motivation for man-engineered sensing materials that allow for the transduction of the spectral information about target molecules from the nanoscale. This brief letter will overview work being performed by our research group to define molecular-level functionality that will be useful for realizing "THz/IR-sensitive" materials. Here the goal is to define switchable molecular components that when incorporated into larger DNA-based nanoscaffolds lead to THz and/or IR regime electronic and/or photonic material properties that are dictated in a predictable manner by novel functionality paradigms. In particular, theoretical modeling and design studies are being performed to engineer organic and biological switches that can be incorporated into DNA-based architectures that enable the precise extraction of nanoscale information (e. g., composition, dynamics, conformation) through electronic/photonic transformations to the macroscale. Hence, these studies seek to define new spectral-based sensing modalities useful for characterizing bio-molecules C1 [Woolard, Dwight] USA, Res Off, Durham, NC 27709 USA. RP Woolard, D (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Durham, NC 27709 USA. EM dwight.woolard@us.army.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8259-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7763 AR 77630D DI 10.1117/12.865580 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU90 UT WOS:000285842400011 ER PT S AU Dandekar, DP AF Dandekar, Dattatraya P. BE Chandra, T Wanderka, N Reimers, W Ionescu, M TI Shear Strength of Titanium Diboride Under Shock Wave And Static Compressions SO THERMEC 2009, PTS 1-4 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE Shear strength; shock compression; static compression; equation of state; plasticity; titanium diboride ID YIELD STRENGTH; DYNAMIC YIELD AB The mechanical behavior of ceramics under high pressures and temperatures is a subject of considerable interest. Since high pressures can be generated under static or dynamic conditions, it is necessary to measure mechanical properties of the materials under both. In the present work, compression and shear strength of titanium diboride measured under plane shock wave compression is revealingly compared with the recent measurement of compression and shear strength of titanium diboride obtained under static high pressures. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dandekar, DP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 638-642 BP 1023 EP 1028 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.638-642.1023 PN 1-4 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQH93 UT WOS:000281043800167 ER PT J AU Langston, T AF Langston, Tye TI Photoluminescent Detection of Dissolved Underwater Trace Explosives SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article DE explosives; explosive detection; nitroglycerin; europium; thenoyltrifluoroacetone; 1,10-phenanthroline; lanthanide; coastal security ID FIBER-OPTIC BIOSENSOR; WATER; TNT; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE AB A portable, rapid, and economical method for in situ trace explosive detection in aqueous solutions was demonstrated using photoluminescence. Using europium/thenoyltrifluoroacetone as the reagent, dissolved nitroglycerin was fluorescently tagged and detected in seawater solutions without sample preparation, drying, or preconcentration. The chemical method was developed in a laboratory setting and demonstrated in a flow-through configuration using lightweight, inexpensive, commercial components by directly injecting the reagents into a continually flowing seawater stream using a small amount of organic solvent (approximately 8% of the total solution). Europium's vulnerability to vibrational fluorescence quenching by water provided the mode of detection. Without nitroglycerin in the seawater solution, the reagent's fluorescence was quenched, but when dissolved nitroglycerin was present, it displaced the water molecules from the europium/thenoyltrifluoroacetone compound and restored fluorescence. This effort focused on developing a seawater sensor, but performance comparisons were made to freshwater. The method was found to perform better in freshwater and it was shown that certain seawater constituents (such as calcium) have an adverse impact. However, the concentrations of these constituents are not expected to vary significantly from the natural seawater used herein. C1 [Langston, Tye] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Ocean Engn, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Langston, T (reprint author), USA, Ctr Surface Warfare, Sci & Technol Dept, Panama City, FL USA. EM tye.langston@navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research, Center for Coastline Security Technology [N00014-05-C-0031] FX The author would like to express sincere gratitude to Prof. Richard Granata for his advice and support. The support provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, Center for Coastline Security Technology, contract/PR No. N00014-05-C-0031 is also greatly appreciated. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PY 2010 VL 10 BP 546 EP 562 DI 10.1100/tsw.2010.41 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 578EZ UT WOS:000276277600005 PM 20364240 ER PT S AU Milhorn, D Hamilton, T Nelson, M McNutt, P AF Milhorn, Denise Hamilton, Tracey Nelson, Marian McNutt, Patrick BE Garaci, E Goldstein, AL TI Progression of ocular sulfur mustard injury: development of a model system SO THYMOSINS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Thymosins in Health and Disease CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2009 CL Catania, ITALY DE thymosin-beta 4; sulfur mustard; rabbit ocular injury ID IN-VIVO; ALKALI INJURY; THYMOSIN-BETA-4; GAS AB Exposure of tissues to sulfur mustard (SM) results in the formation of protein and nucleotide adducts that disrupt cellular metabolism and cause cell death. Subsequent pathologies involve a significant proinflammatory response, disrupted healing, and long-term defects in tissue architecture. Following ocular exposure, acute corneal sequelae include epithelial erosions, necrosis, and corneal inflammation. Longer term, a progressive injury becomes distributed throughout the anterior chamber, which ultimately causes a profound remodeling of corneal tissues. In many cases, debilitating and vision-threatening injuries reoccur months to years after the initial exposure. Preliminary data in humans suffering from chronic epithelial lesions suggest that thymosin beta 4 (T beta 4) may be a viable candidate to mitigate acute or long-term ocular SM injury. To evaluate therapeutic candidates, we have developed a rabbit ocular exposure model system. In this paper, we report molecular, histological, ultrastructural, and clinical consequences of rabbit ocular SM injury, which can be used to assess T beta 4 efficacy, including timepoints at which T beta 4 will be assessed for therapeutic utility. C1 [Hamilton, Tracey; Nelson, Marian; McNutt, Patrick] USA, Div Res, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Milhorn, Denise] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP McNutt, P (reprint author), USA, Div Res, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM patrick.mcnutt@us.army.mil OI McNutt, Patrick/0000-0002-5703-4565 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-801-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2010 VL 1194 BP 72 EP 80 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05491.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BRJ57 UT WOS:000282838000010 PM 20536452 ER PT B AU Chinella, JF AF Chinella, John F. GP TMS TI MODELING PROCESSING AND PERFORMANCE OF AN Al-Zn-Mg ALLOY SO TMS 2010 139TH ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION - SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1: MATERIALS PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TMS 2010 Annual Meeting Supplemental Proceedings on Materials Processing and Properties CY FEB 14-18, 2010 CL Seattle, WA DE aluminum; armor; modeling; phase transformation; thermodynamics; 7020 AB This study evaluates Al-4.5Zn-1.2Mg alloy 7020. Microstructures of alloys 7039 and 7020 are shown. Computational thermodynamic modeling predicts: phase structures, equilibrium states, process temperatures, and manufacturing advantages. An artificial age study was conducted to overage the initial 1651 condition and to determine the hardness levels in response to holding periods of time-temperature. Aging parameters can help establish alloy 7020 processing factors to optimize and meet requirements for resistance to penetration by projectiles, or fragments, and fracture from stress corrosion cracking (SCC) or blast. The 7020-1651 ballistic test results versus armor piercing projectiles reveal protection levels superior to 5083-H131 aluminum and equivalent to Class 1, penetration-resistant rolled homogeneous armor (RHA). Results suggest a 7020-T7 material may be optimized to resist blast fracture and SCC. C1 USA, Res Lab, RDRL WMM D, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chinella, JF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL WMM D, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-751-3 PY 2010 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BUA95 UT WOS:000288693100005 ER PT J AU Dham, M Rushing, TS Helferich, R Marth, T Sengupta, S Revur, R Weiss, CA Cummins, TK AF Dham, Mahir Rushing, Todd S. Helferich, Richard Marth, Tim Sengupta, Suvankar Revur, Rao Weiss, Charles A. Cummins, Toney K. TI Enhancement of Reactive Powder Concrete via Nanocement Integration SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID CEMENT AB Reactive powder concretes (RPCs) were developed through careful design and control of the composite microstructure. Enhanced properties were achieved through optimization of the gradation and arrangement of the inert particles, as well as through designing the reactive components (e.g., coarse-ground oil-well cement and silica fume) to govern the hydration product morphology. Recently, a process has been developed for synthesis of cement with nanometer-scale particle sizes with tailorable chemical compositions. The addition of nanocements to RPCs is unique because it influences the early hydration reaction of the cement in RPC for nano-sized hydration products. The replacement of a small fraction of the conventional cement with these nano-sized reactive particles reduces the induction period in cement hydration and initiates a faster conversion to the hydration products. Integration of nanocements may also lead to a denser product microstructure with higher ultimate compressive and tensile strengths. Potential also exists to reduce the permeability of the RPC and to strengthen the interfacial transition zones within the material. With such improvements, nanocement can serve as a means to optimize RPC systems for enhanced properties and may further enhance the durability of RPC. C1 [Rushing, Todd S.; Weiss, Charles A.; Cummins, Toney K.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Dham, Mahir; Helferich, Richard; Marth, Tim; Sengupta, Suvankar; Revur, Rao] NanoDynamics Inc, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Rushing, TS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Bldg 6000,3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM todd.s.rushing@usace.army.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2010 IS 2142 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.3141/2142-03 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 596GP UT WOS:000277673400004 ER PT J AU Priddy, LP Jersey, SR Reese, CM AF Priddy, Lucy P. Jersey, Sarah R. Reese, Cody M. TI Full-Scale Field Testing for Injected Foam Stabilization of Portland Cement Concrete Repairs SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB A series of foam-injected repairs was performed on a portland cement concrete (PCC) test section at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. Repairs consisted of uncompacted backfill overlaid by a 9-in, rapid-setting cementitious cap. A series of injection tubes was inserted through the cap into the uncompacted debris backfill, and a two-component rigid polyurethane foam was injected into this backfill. The test matrix compared the performance of three different repairs using various volumes of injected foam. A fourth repair was constructed without injected foam as a control item. Three hours after cap construction, the repairs underwent simulated aircraft traffic with an F-15E load cart. The performance of the four repairs was measured by passes to failure. The results of traffic testing were used to evaluate foam-injection technology for rapid repair of PCC pavements. The performances of foam-injected repairs were also compared with poured foam and traditional full-depth backfill repairs, each capped with rapid-setting materials. Comparisons were made about pavement performance, costs, and total duration required for installing the repair. Results showed that injection of excessive foam was detrimental to the repair surface, because it induced cracking before traffic application, and could lead to premature development of foreign object damage. However, repairs using moderate amounts of foam and pure backfill sustained the required traffic levels, defined by the research sponsor, of 200 passes within 4 h of initiating the pavement repair. For cost and repair duration, those repairs that did not include foam were more effective. C1 [Priddy, Lucy P.; Jersey, Sarah R.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Reese, Cody M.] USN, Facil Engn Command, Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Priddy, LP (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM lucy.p.priddy@usace.army.mil FU Headquarters, Air Combat Command and Headquarters, Department of the Navy by the Office of Naval Research, Rapid Technology Transition Office FX The tests described and the resulting data presented in this paper were obtained from research sponsored by Headquarters, Air Combat Command and Headquarters, Department of the Navy by the Office of Naval Research, Rapid Technology Transition Office. This work was conducted at the U.S. Army Engineering Research and Development Center, Waterways Experiment Station. Permission was granted by the laboratory director to publish this information. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2010 IS 2155 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.3141/2155-03 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 691JB UT WOS:000285075000003 ER PT J AU Peters, SJ Rushing, TS Landis, EN Cummins, TK AF Peters, Sarah J. Rushing, Todd S. Landis, Eric N. Cummins, Toney K. TI Nanocellulose and Microcellulose Fibers for Concrete SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID REINFORCED CEMENT COMPOSITES; DURABILITY AB A study was conducted in which a reactive powder concrete was reinforced with a combination of nanocellulose and microcellulose fibers to increase the toughness of an otherwise brittle material. These fibers could provide the benefit of other micro- and nanofiber reinforcement systems at a fraction of the cost. An empirical investigation into the effects of several different reinforcement schemes on processing parameters and mechanical properties of a reactive powder concrete mixture was conducted. In particular, notched-beam tests were performed under crack-mouth opening displacement control to measure fracture energy under stable crack-growth conditions. Preliminary results show that the addition of up to 3% micro- and nanofibers in combination increased the fracture energy by more than 50% relative to the unreinforced material, with little change in processing procedure. Splitting tensile tests were also performed for comparison with beam-bending tests. Current work focuses on applying high-resolution three-dimensional imaging techniques to better quantify the physical microstructures and the corresponding shifts in damage mechanisms that lead to higher toughness. C1 [Rushing, Todd S.; Cummins, Toney K.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Peters, Sarah J.; Landis, Eric N.] Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Rushing, TS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Todd.S.Rushing@usace.army.mil NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 29 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2010 IS 2142 BP 25 EP 28 DI 10.3141/2142-04 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 596GP UT WOS:000277673400005 ER PT J AU Chandler, MQ Peters, JF Pelessone, D AF Chandler, Mei Qiang Peters, J. F. Pelessone, D. TI Modeling Nanoindentation of Calcium Silicate Hydrate SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID C-S-H; DISCRETE-ELEMENT METHOD; CEMENT PASTE; COHESION; FORCES; CONCRETE AB The discrete element method (DEM) was used to model nanoindentation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). The interparticle forces consisted of the traditional friction and contact forces that operate in granular materials, with the addition of nanometer-scale forces between gels, including van der Waals and electric double-layer forces. The contact normal forces were based on Hertz contact law. The van der Weals attractive forces were calculated on the basis of Hamaker's equation. The electric double-layer forces, generated from the negative charges on the C-S-H gel surface and the ion species in the pore solution, were calculated by using Monte Carlo simulations. The particles are spherical with diameters of approximately 5 nm. Both elastic modulus and hardness, calculated from the DEM, were much smaller than the results from nanoindentation experiments. The effects of interparticle forces on the elastic modulus and hardness were studied to explore possible reasons for the differences. The simulations give insight into the morphology of C-S-H nanoparticles and the interparticle forces between C-S-H nanoparticles. C1 [Chandler, Mei Qiang; Peters, J. F.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Pelessone, D.] Engn & Software Syst Solut Inc, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Chandler, MQ (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Mei.Q.Chandler@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center FX The authors thank the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center for funding this work. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2010 IS 2142 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.3141/2142-10 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 596GP UT WOS:000277673400011 ER PT J AU Chiarito, VP Walker, RE Minor, JK Ray, JC Coleman, TG AF Chiarito, Vincent P. Walker, Robert E. Minor, Jared K. Ray, James C. Coleman, Thomas G. TI Economical and Consistent Test Methodology for Energy-Absorbing Materials Used for Mitigation of Explosive Effects on Structures SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses the use of an economical ballistic pendulum device to study the effectiveness of energy-absorbing materials to mitigate explosive detonation effects. Besides closing a structure, engineers must develop innovative measures to mitigate the effects of the extreme blast environments expected from very close-in (near-contact) detonations against key structural components. Beyond conventional structural hardening, using energy-absorbing materials to protect structures from blast effects is an option considered but not fully understood. As new materials have evolved in recent years, interest has increased in their potential use as energy absorbers for near-contact blast mitigation. For these new materials, constitutive models are either nonexistent or not well developed for predicting high-pressure and high-strain rate responses. Experiments using the ballistic pendulum were conducted rapidly and with little logistical burden; for one series of tests, over 30 experiments were conducted in 1 week. This fundamental experimental setup produced a wealth of previously nonexistent data on a variety of energy-absorbing materials, such as an elastomer (rubberlike compound), dense foams, a dilatant compound, and liquids. The ballistic pendulum was used to measure the total momentum imparted to the bob from a close-in detonation as a function of absorber materials and distance from the bob. These results provided a comparison of impulse delivered to the bob among the absorber materials with the control measurement of no absorber. Results indicate that, for near-contact detonations, the addition of energy-absorbing materials increased the impulse loading to the pendulum for selected scaled ranges of simulated threats. C1 [Chiarito, Vincent P.; Walker, Robert E.; Minor, Jared K.; Ray, James C.] USA, Geotech & Struct Lab, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Coleman, Thomas G.] Atlantic City Int Airport, Dept Homeland Secur, Transportat Secur Lab, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. RP Chiarito, VP (reprint author), USA, Geotech & Struct Lab, ERDC, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Vincent.P.Chiarito@usace.army.mil FU Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security FX This research was supported by the Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security. Permission to publish was granted by the Department of Homeland Security and the Director, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2010 IS 2202 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.3141/2202-11 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 705XY UT WOS:000286175200011 ER PT J AU Arellano, D Tatum, JB Stark, TD Horvath, JS Leshchinsky, D AF Arellano, David Tatum, John Benjamin Stark, Timothy D. Horvath, John S. Leshchinsky, Dov TI Framework for Design Guideline for Expanded Polystyrene Block Geofoam in Slope Stabilization and Repair SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB This paper presents the framework for the interim design guideline for the use of expanded polystyrene (EPS) block geofoam for slope stabilization and repair based on the findings of the NCHRP Project 24 11(02) Phase I study The overall objective of this research is to develop a design guideline as well as an appropriate material and construction standard for the use of EPS block geofoam for the function of lightweight fill in slope stability applications The recommended design methodology included in the framework is based on an assessment of the existing technology and literature The Phase II work will refine the interim design guideline framework and address some uncertainties in the current state of the practice of analyzing various failure mechanisms Included in the design procedure The completed research will consist of the following five primary research products (a) a summary of the relevant engineering properties (b) a comprehensive design guideline (c) a material and construction standard (d) economic data and (e) a detailed numerical exam pie No formal design guidelines on the use of any type of lightweight fill for slope stabilization by reducing the driving forces are available Therefore the proposed interim design guideline for EPS block geofoam can serve as a blueprint for the use of other types of lightweight fills in slope stability applications The NCHRP Project 24 11(01) and the Project 24 11(02) Phase I research confirmed that EPS block geofoam is a unique lightweight fill material and can provide a safe and economical solution for slope stabilization and repair C1 [Arellano, David] Univ Memphis, Dept Civil Engn, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Tatum, John Benjamin] US Army Corps Engn, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. [Stark, Timothy D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Horvath, John S.] Manhattan Coll, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Bronx, NY 10471 USA. [Leshchinsky, Dov] Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Arellano, D (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Civil Engn, 104 Engn Sci Bldg, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. FU NCHRP [NCHRP 24 11(02)] FX The authors acknowledge the support provided by NCHRP under Project NCHRP 24 11(02) Guidelines for Geofoam Applications in Slope Stability Projects NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2010 IS 2170 BP 100 EP 108 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 703CW UT WOS:000285952700012 ER PT S AU Grasing, D Ellwood, B AF Grasing, David Ellwood, Benjamin BE Carapezza, EM TI Development of Acoustic Sniper Localization Methods and Models SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XII CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Sniper Detection; Localization; Shockwave; Muzzle Blast; Array; TDOA; Ballistics; Acoustic; Gunfire Detection Systems AB A novel examination of a method capable of providing situational awareness of sniper fire from small arms fire is presented. Situational Awareness (SA) information is extracted by exploiting two distinct sounds created by small arms discharge: the muzzle blast (created when the bullet leaves the barrel of the gun) and the shockwave (sound created by a supersonic bullet). The direction of arrival associated with the muzzle blast will always point in the direction of the shooter. Range can be estimated from the muzzle blast alone, however at greater distances geometric dilution of precision will make obtaining accurate range estimates difficult. To address this issue, additional information obtained from the shockwave is utilized in order to estimate range to shooter. The focus of the paper is the development of a shockwave propagation model, the development of ballistics models (based off empirical measurements), and the subsequent application towards methods of determining shooter position. Knowledge of the rounds ballistics is required to estimate range to shooter. Many existing methods rely on extracting information from the shockwave in an attempt to identify the round type and thus the ballistic model to use ([1]). It has been our experience that this information becomes unreliable at greater distances or in high noise environments. Our method differs from existing solutions in that classification of the round type is not required, thus making the proposed solution more robust. Additionally, we demonstrate that sufficient accuracy can be achieved without the need to classify the round. C1 [Grasing, David; Ellwood, Benjamin] USA, RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Grasing, D (reprint author), USA, RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM david.grasing@us.army.mil; benjamin.ellwood@us.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8157-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7693 AR 769312 DI 10.1117/12.850119 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSN18 UT WOS:000284996500019 ER PT S AU Scanlon, MV Ludwig, WD AF Scanlon, Michael V. Ludwig, William D. BE Carapezza, EM TI Sensor and Information Fusion for Improved Hostile Fire Situational Awareness SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XII CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Sniper; sensor; hostile; threat; detection; mortar; acoustic; IR AB A research-oriented Army Technology Objective (ATO) named Sensor and Information Fusion for Improved Hostile Fire Situational Awareness uniquely focuses on the underpinning technologies to detect and defeat any hostile threat; before, during, and after its occurrence. This is a joint effort led by the Army Research Laboratory, with the Armaments and the Communications and Electronics Research, Development, and Engineering Centers (CERDEC and ARDEC) partners. It addresses distributed sensor fusion and collaborative situational awareness enhancements, focusing on the underpinning technologies to detect/identify potential hostile shooters prior to firing a shot and to detect/classify/locate the firing point of hostile small arms, mortars, rockets, RPGs, and missiles after the first shot. A field experiment conducted addressed not only diverse modality sensor performance and sensor fusion benefits, but gathered useful data to develop and demonstrate the ad hoc networking and dissemination of relevant data and actionable intelligence. Represented at this field experiment were various sensor platforms such as UGS, soldier-worn, manned ground vehicles, UGVs, UAVs, and helicopters. This ATO continues to evaluate applicable technologies to include retro-reflection, UV, IR, visible, glint, LADAR, radar, acoustic, seismic, E-field, narrow-band emission and image processing techniques to detect the threats with very high confidence. Networked fusion of multi-modal data will reduce false alarms and improve actionable intelligence by distributing grid coordinates, detection report features, and imagery of threats. C1 [Scanlon, Michael V.; Ludwig, William D.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL SES P, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Scanlon, MV (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL SES P, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM michael.scanlon@us.army.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8157-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7693 AR 76930H DI 10.1117/12.850406 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSN18 UT WOS:000284996500006 ER PT S AU Schumer, S AF Schumer, Sean BE Carapezza, EM TI Time-Domain Classification of Humans using Seismic Sensors SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XII CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Seismic Sensing; Intrusion Detection; Classification; Walker Detection; Animal Discrimination AB Methods of human classification and direction of travel are developed for the purpose of being embedded in low-power, low-cost microprocessors. Techniques are explored for classifying an impulsive set of events in a seismic field as being either human or non-human based on information extrapolated from time-domain data of geophones. Additionally, a method of time domain direction of travel determination is explored. As a target is traversing the field of detection, simple impulse detection techniques determine seismic activities that are of interest. By recreating the time-domain signal as an average energy over time, the frequency of footstep of the target can be determined after a human has left the field by using post processing techniques, even when multiple targets are present. An autocorrelation of the energy averaged signal will yield an output that can be used to easily determine the most dominant frequency of the observed series of impulsive events. This method is capable of classifying humans under certain conditions at a rate of up to 98% with a varying rate of rejection for different types of animals and environmental factors. The technique can be easily integrated to work in conjunction with other modalities for an increase in classifier confidence. C1 USA, RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Schumer, S (reprint author), USA, RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM sean.schumer@us.army.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8157-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7693 AR 769311 DI 10.1117/12.850092 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSN18 UT WOS:000284996500018 ER PT S AU Snell, MA AF Snell, Mark A. BE Symonds, CL TI "Very Crude Notions on the Subject": William B. Franklin's Amphibious Assault at Eltham's Landing SO UNION COMBINED OPERATIONS IN THE CIVIL WAR SE Norths Civil War LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Snell, Mark A.] Shepherdstown Univ, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Snell, Mark A.] George Tyler Moore Ctr Study Civil War, Shepherdstown, WV USA. [Snell, Mark A.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. RP Snell, MA (reprint author), Shepherdstown Univ, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FORDHAM UNIV PRESS PI BRONX PA UNIV BOX L, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 1089-8719 BN 978-0-8232-3286-4 J9 N CIVIL WAR PY 2010 BP 32 EP 43 D2 10.5422/fso/9780823232864.001.0001 PG 12 WC History SC History GA BYP11 UT WOS:000299545900004 ER PT S AU Bodt, BA Camden, R AF Bodt, Barry A. Camden, Richard BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI A final evaluation of pedestrian detection and tracking from a moving platform SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XII CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE unmanned ground vehicle; experimental design; pedestrian tracking; perception; safety; planning AB This work represents the fifth in a series of studies on safe operations of unmanned ground vehicles in the proximity of pedestrians. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and the Robotics Collaborative Technology Alliance (RCTA) conducted the study on the campus of NIST in Gaithersburg, MD in 2009, the final year of the RCTA. The experiment was to assess the performance of six RCTA algorithms to detect and track moving pedestrians from sensors mounted on a moving platform. Sensors include 2-D and 3-D LADAR, 2-D SICK, and stereovision. Algorithms reported only detected human tracks. NIST ground truth methodology was used to assess the algorithm-reported detections as to true positive, misclassification, or false positive as well as distance to first detection and elapsed tracking time. A NIST-developed viewer facilitated real-time data checking and subsequent analysis. Factors of the study include platform speed, pedestrian speed, and clutter density in the environment. Pedestrian motion was choreographed to ensure similar perspective from the platform regardless of experimental conditions. Pedestrians were upright in the principal study, but excursions examined group movement, nonlinear paths, occluded paths, and alternative postures. We will present the findings of this study and benchmark detection and tracking for subsequent robotic research in this program. We also address the impact of this work on pedestrian avoidance. C1 [Bodt, Barry A.] USA, Res Lab, ATTN RDRL CII C, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Bodt, BA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ATTN RDRL CII C, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8156-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7692 AR 76920H DI 10.1117/12.850490 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BSM43 UT WOS:000284932200016 ER PT S AU Cosenzo, KA Barnes, MJ AF Cosenzo, Keryl A. Barnes, Michael J. BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Human Robot Interaction Research For Current and Future Military Applications: From the Laboratory to the Field SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XII CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Human Robot Interaction; Military; Modeling; Simulation; Experimentation ID MULTITASKING ENVIRONMENT; CONCURRENT PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; TASKS AB Unmanned air and ground vehicles are an integral part of military operations. However, the use of the robot goes beyond moving the platform from point A to point B. The operator who is responsible for the robots will have a multitude of tasks to complete; route planning for the robot, monitoring the robot during the mission, monitoring and interpreting the sensor information received by the robot, and communicating that information with others. As a result, the addition of robotics can be considered a burden on the operator if not integrated appropriately into the system. The goal of the US Army Research Laboratory's Human Robotic Interaction (HRI) Program is to enable the Soldier to use robotic systems in a way that increases performance, that is, to facilitate effective collaboration between unmanned systems and the Soldier. The program uses multiple research approaches; modeling, simulation, laboratory experimentation, and field experimentation to achieve this overall goal. We have basic and applied research in HRI to include supervisory control, mounted and dismounted robotic control, and mitigation strategies for the HRI environment. This paper describes our HRI program across these various domains and how our research is supporting both current and future military operations. C1 [Cosenzo, Keryl A.; Barnes, Michael J.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cosenzo, KA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8156-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7692 AR 769204 DI 10.1117/12.850038 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BSM43 UT WOS:000284932200003 ER PT S AU Edge, HL Brown, A Collins, J AF Edge, Harris L. Brown, Ainsmar Collins, Jason BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Pressurized Structures-Based Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicles SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XII CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE unmanned aerial vehicle; UAV; lighter than air; pressurized structure; hybrid vehicle AB This paper describes the initial results of an investigation into building unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with pressurized structures-based (PSB) technologies. Basically, the UAV will be constructed in such a way that a considerable percentage of its weight will be supported by or composed of inflatable structures containing air or helium. PSB technologies can be employed in any number of UAV designs. The goals of this research are to ascertain feasibility of UAV construction using PSB technology and finding methods and designs employing PSB technology to increase vehicle performance for missions of interest to the military. C1 [Edge, Harris L.; Brown, Ainsmar] USA, Res Lab, RDRL VTU, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Edge, HL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL VTU, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM edge@arl.army.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8156-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7692 AR 76921M DI 10.1117/12.850719 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BSM43 UT WOS:000284932200046 ER PT S AU Hudas, G Lewis, FL Vamvoudakis, KG AF Hudas, Greg Lewis, F. L. Vamvoudakis, K. G. BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Online Gaming for Learning Optimal Team Strategies in Real Time SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XII CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Online gaming; Optimal team behaviors; Multi-player games; Optimal team strategies ID FEEDBACK-CONTROL; EQUATION; SYSTEMS AB This paper first presents an overall view for dynamical decision-making in teams, both cooperative and competitive. Strategies for team decision problems, including optimal control, zero-sum 2-player games (H-infinity control) and so on are normally solved for off-line by solving associated matrix equations such as the Riccati equation. However, using that approach, players cannot change their objectives online in real time without calling for a completely new off-line solution for the new strategies. Therefore, in this paper we give a method for learning optimal team strategies online in real time as team dynamical play unfolds. In the linear quadratic regulator case, for instance, the method learns the Riccati equation solution online without ever solving the Riccati equation. This allows for truly dynamical team decisions where objective functions can change in real time and the system dynamics can be time-varying. C1 [Hudas, Greg] USA, RDECOM TARDEC, JCR, Warren, MI USA. RP Hudas, G (reprint author), USA, RDECOM TARDEC, JCR, Warren, MI USA. EM lewis@arri.uta.edu; kyriakos@arri.uta.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8156-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7692 AR 76920W DI 10.1117/12.850231 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BSM43 UT WOS:000284932200030 ER PT S AU Hutchison, J Klager, G McCoy, E Fite, D Frederick, B AF Hutchison, John Klager, Gene McCoy, Edward Fite, David Frederick, Brian BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Robotic-Mounted Detection System, robotics for route clearance SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XII CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Robotics; NVESD; assisted tele-operation; route clearance; semi-autonomous; unmanned AB Robotic Mounted Detection System (RMDS) is a government program to enable robotic control of a Husky route clearance vehicle with a mine detection sensor payload. The goal is for the operator to control the Husky and mine detection sensor from another vehicle. This program will provide the user with standard tele-operation control of the vehicle as well as semi-autonomous modes including cruise control, precision waypoint navigation with operator error correction and a visual mode allowing the operator to enter way points in the current video feed. The use of autonomy will be tailored to give the operator maximum control of the robotic vehicle's path while minimizing the effort required to maintain the desired route. Autonomous alterations of the path would conflict with the goal of route clearance, so waypoint navigation will allow the operator to supply offsets to counteract location errors. While following a waypoint path, the Husky will be capable of controlling its speed to maintain an operator specified distance from the control vehicle. Obstacle avoidance will be limited to protecting the mine detection sensor, leaving any decision to leave the path up to the operator. Video will be the primary navigational sensor feed to the operator, who will use an augmented steering wheel controller and computer display to control the Husky. A LADAR system will be used to detect obstacles that could damage the mine sensor and to maintain the optimal sensor orientation while the vehicle is moving. Practical issues and lessons learned during integration will be presented. C1 [Hutchison, John; Klager, Gene] USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Washington, DC USA. RP Hutchison, J (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8156-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7692 AR 76921G DI 10.1117/12.852447 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BSM43 UT WOS:000284932200043 ER PT S AU Milojkovic, P Gill, J Frattin, D Coyle, K Haack, K Myhr, S Rajan, D Douglas, S Papamichalis, P Somayaji, M Christensen, M Krapels, K AF Milojkovic, Predrag Gill, John Frattin, Dan Coyle, Kevin Haack, Karl Myhr, Scot Rajan, Dinesh Douglas, Scott Papamichalis, Panos Somayaji, Manjunath Christensen, Marc Krapels, Keith BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Multi-channel, Agile, Computationally Enhanced Camera Based on the PANOPTES Architecture SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XII CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE imaging; computational; multi-field-of-view; super-resolution ID MULTIPLEXED IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; OPTICAL-SYSTEM DIVERSITY AB A multi-channel, agile, computationally enhanced camera based on the PANOPTES architecture is presented. Details of camera operational concepts are outlined. Preliminary image acquisition results and an example of super-resolution enhancement of captured data are given. C1 [Milojkovic, Predrag] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Milojkovic, P (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM Predrag.Milojkovic@us.army.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8156-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7692 AR 76921Z DI 10.1117/12.864995 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BSM43 UT WOS:000284932200053 ER PT S AU Muench, P Bednarz, D Czerniak, GP Cheok, KC AF Muench, Paul Bednarz, David Czerniak, Gregory P. Cheok, Ka C. BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI OPTIMAL POWERING SCHEMES FOR LEGGED ROBOTICS SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XII CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Legged Robots have tremendous mobility, but they can also be very inefficient. These inefficiencies can be due to suboptimal control schemes, among other things. If your goal is to get from point A to point B in the least amount of time, your control scheme will be different from if your goal is to get there using the least amount of energy. In this paper, we seek a balance between these extremes by looking at both efficiency and speed. We model a walking robot as a rimless wheel, and, using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle (PMP), we find an "on-off" control for the model, and describe the switching curve between these control extremes. C1 [Muench, Paul; Bednarz, David; Czerniak, Gregory P.] USA, RDECOM TARDEC, Washington, DC USA. RP Muench, P (reprint author), USA, RDECOM TARDEC, Washington, DC USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8156-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7692 AR 769214 DI 10.1117/12.851156 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BSM43 UT WOS:000284932200035 ER PT S AU Tahmoush, D Silvious, J Burke, E AF Tahmoush, Dave Silvious, Jerry Burke, Ed BE Carapezza, EM TI A Radar Unattended Ground Sensor with Micro-Doppler Capabilities for False Alarm Reduction SO UNMANNED-UNATTENDED SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks VII CY SEP 20-22, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE, Electro Magnet Remote Sensing Defence Technol Ctr, SFO DE Radar; micro-Doppler; UGS ID FEATURE-EXTRACTION; GAIT AB Unattended ground sensors (UGS) provide the capability to inexpensively secure remote borders and other areas of interest. However, the presence of normal animal activity can often trigger a false alarm. Accurately detecting humans and distinguishing them from natural fauna is an important issue in security applications to reduce false alarm rates and improve the probability of detection. In particular, it is important to detect and classify people who are moving in remote locations and transmit back detections and analysis over extended periods at a low cost and with minimal maintenance. We developed and demonstrate a compact radar technology that is scalable to a variety of ultra-lightweight and low-power platforms for wide area persistent surveillance as an unattended, unmanned, and man-portable ground sensor. The radar uses micro-Doppler processing to characterize the tracks of moving targets and to then eliminate unimportant detections due to animals as well as characterize the activity of human detections. False alarms from sensors are a major liability that hinders widespread use. Incorporating rudimentary intelligence into sensors can reduce false alarms but can also result in a reduced probability of detection. Allowing an initial classification that can be updated with new observations and tracked over time provides a more robust framework for false alarm reduction at the cost of additional sensor observations. This paper explores these tradeoffs with a small radar sensor for border security. Multiple measurements were done to try to characterize the micro-Doppler of human versus animal and vehicular motion across a range of activities. Measurements were taken at the multiple sites with realistic but low levels of clutter. Animals move with a quadrupedal motion, which can be distinguished from the bipedal human motion. The micro-Doppler of a vehicle with rotating parts is also shown, along with ground truth images. Comparisons show large variations for different types of motion by the same type of animal. This paper presents the system and data on humans, vehicles, and animals at multiple angles and directions of motion, demonstrates the signal processing approach that makes the targets visually recognizable, verifies that the UGS radar has enough micro-Doppler capability to distinguish between humans, vehicles, and animals, and analyzes the probability of correct classification. C1 [Tahmoush, Dave; Silvious, Jerry; Burke, Ed] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tahmoush, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8351-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7833 AR 78330I DI 10.1117/12.864959 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTQ35 UT WOS:000287764000013 ER PT B AU Grabenstein, JD AF Grabenstein, John D. BE Artenstein, AW TI Toxoid Vaccines SO VACCINES: A BIOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMBINED PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; WHOOPING-COUGH VACCINE; FORMER SOVIET-UNION; ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; UNITED-STATES; DIPHTHERIA IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIC DIPHTHERIA; BENEFITS DEBATE; TOXIN-ANTITOXIN; SCHICK TEST C1 [Grabenstein, John D.] Merck Vaccines & Infect Dis, Med Affairs & Policy, West Point, PA USA. [Grabenstein, John D.] USA, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Washington, DC USA. RP Grabenstein, JD (reprint author), Merck Vaccines & Infect Dis, Med Affairs & Policy, West Point, PA USA. EM john_grabenstein@merck.com NR 140 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-1107-0 PY 2010 BP 105 EP 124 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1108-7_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1108-7 PG 20 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Immunology; Microbiology SC History & Philosophy of Science; Immunology; Microbiology GA BNC81 UT WOS:000274169300007 ER PT B AU Binn, LN Lemon, SM AF Binn, Leonard N. Lemon, Stanley M. BE Artenstein, AW TI Hepatitis A SO VACCINES: A BIOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CELL-CULTURE; VIRUS-VACCINE; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; AOTUS-TRIVIRGATUS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; SERIAL PASSAGE; MRC-5 CELLS; LIVE; CHIMPANZEES C1 [Binn, Leonard N.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lemon, Stanley M.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immun, Ctr Hepatitis Res, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Lemon, Stanley M.] US FDA, Advisory Comm Vaccines & Related Biol, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Binn, LN (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM leonard.binn@us.army.mil; smlemon@utmb.edu NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-1107-0 PY 2010 BP 335 EP 346 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1108-7_19 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1108-7 PG 12 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Immunology; Microbiology SC History & Philosophy of Science; Immunology; Microbiology GA BNC81 UT WOS:000274169300019 ER PT B AU Linthicum, KJ Anyamba, A Chretien, JP Small, J Tucker, CJ Britch, SC AF Linthicum, Kenneth J. Anyamba, Assaf Chretien, Jean-Paul Small, Jennifer Tucker, Compton J. Britch, Seth C. BE Atkinson, PW TI The Role of Global Climate Patterns in the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Vector-Borne Disease SO VECTOR BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND CONTROL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Climate change; ENSO; Disease; Vectors ID RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; MALARIA; VIRUS; KENYA; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; EPIDEMICS; WEATHER AB Global climate variability patterns, such as those associated with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena, have been shown to have an impact on vector-borne infectious disease outbreaks. Evidence of the links between ENSO driven climate anomalies and infectious diseases, particularly those transmitted by insects, can allow us to provide improved long range forecasts of an epidemic or epizootic. Using satellite generated data developing climate anomalies suggested potential disease risks for 2006 and 2007. Sea surface temperatures in the equatorial east Pacific Ocean anomalously increased significantly during July-October 2006 indicating the typical development of El Nino conditions. The persistence of these conditions led to extremes in global-scale climate anomalies comparable to what has been observed during similar conditions in the past. The 2006 development of El Nino conditions had significant implications for global public health. Extremes in climate events with above normal rainfall and flooding in some regions and extended drought periods in other regions occurred. Forecasting disease is critical for timely and effective planning of operational control programs. Here we describe global climate anomalies that led to forecasts of elevated disease risks that gave decision makers additional tools to make rational judgments concerning implementation of disease prevention and mitigation strategies. C1 [Linthicum, Kenneth J.; Britch, Seth C.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Anyamba, Assaf; Small, Jennifer; Tucker, Compton J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chretien, Jean-Paul] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Linthicum, KJ (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM Kenneth.Linthicum@ars.usda.gov; Assaf@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov; Jean-Paul.Chretien@na.amedd.army.mil; jsmall@pop900.gsfc.nasa.gov; compton@ltpmailx.gsfc.nasa.gov; Seth.Britch@ars.usda.gov OI Chretien, Jean-Paul/0000-0001-8143-6823 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-2457-2 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2458-9_1 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-2458-9 PG 11 WC Entomology; Infectious Diseases SC Entomology; Infectious Diseases GA BNH47 UT WOS:000274565700001 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, TP Scott, DP Schulman, FY AF Lipscomb, Thomas P. Scott, Dana P. Schulman, F. Yvonne TI Primary Site of Sea Lion Carcinomas SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS C1 [Lipscomb, Thomas P.; Schulman, F. Yvonne] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Scott, Dana P.] USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Lipscomb, TP (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 SI SI BP 184 EP 184 DI 10.1177/0300985809354348 PG 1 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 551OJ UT WOS:000274218600026 PM 20080501 ER PT J AU Chawla, JK Khepar, SD Sondhi, SK Yadav, AK AF Chawla, J. K. Khepar, S. D. Sondhi, S. K. Yadav, A. K. TI Assessment of long-term groundwater behaviour in Punjab, India SO WATER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Punjab; water balance; groundwater; groundwater management; rise and fall of water tables AB Analyses of water table data for Punjab from 1979-98 revealed that the declining water table area in the northeast decreased by 28% and increased by 8% in the southwest; it remained almost constant in the central zone. Net groundwater balance was positive in the northeast and southwest zones but was negative in the central zone. From the point of view of the future use of groundwater, the northeast and southwest zones are relatively safe while the central zone is the worst hit and needs immediate remedial measures to control the fast-receding water levels. C1 [Chawla, J. K.] Aman Inst Engn & Technol, Kotli, Pathankot, India. [Yadav, A. K.] Govt Arunanchal Pradesh, Water Resources Dept, Itanagar, Arunachal Prade, India. [Khepar, S. D.] USA, Washington, DC USA. RP Chawla, JK (reprint author), Aman Inst Engn & Technol, Kotli, Pathankot, India. EM drjkchawla@yahoo.com NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0250-8060 J9 WATER INT JI Water Int. PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.1080/02508060903513502 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 550XG UT WOS:000274166400007 ER PT J AU Hooper, B AF Hooper, Bruce TI River basin organization performance indicators: application to the Delaware River basin commission SO WATER POLICY LA English DT Article DE Integrated river basin management; Integrated water resources management; Performance indicators; River basin organizations ID WATER-RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT; AFRICA AB This paper reports the development of performance indicators of a river basin management organization's ability to undertake integrated water resources management, and applies them to a US basin organization: a river basin commission. Integrated water resources management (IWRM) and integrated river basin management (IRBM) are defined, in the context of international and US advances in IWRM and IRBM. A suite of good governance factors was assembled from the reviews of consultants' practical experiences in river basin management, peer-reviewed literature, government reports and policy statements, and reports of river basin management practice. A list of impediments to the implementation of IRBM was also assembled. These sources were used as the data set to develop 115 indicators of best practice in IRBM; these indicators were grouped into ten categories: coordinated decision-making, responsive decision-making, goals and goal shift, financial sustainability, organizational design, role of law, training and capacity building, information and research, accountability and monitoring, private and public sector roles. This paper reports the results of a facilitated workshop with the Delaware River Basin Commission's staff and stakeholders to apply the indicators to their setting. The outcome of the workshop was a self-assessment tool for performance evaluation, involving triaging the basin organization situation, checking performance against 20 performance benchmarks and using 63 performance indicators for basin commission settings. The paper concludes with a discussion of the issues surrounding the application of the performance indicators to other US basins and commissions. C1 [Hooper, Bruce] DHI, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Hooper, Bruce] USA Corps Engineers, IWR, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Hooper, B (reprint author), DHI, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. EM bph@dhigroup.com FU US Army Corps of Engineers; Institute of Water Resources, Alexandria, Virginia, USA; US Corps of Engineers Institute of Water Resources (Hooper) [2006] FX The author wishes to thank anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of this paper. The comments and opinions presented here remain solely those of the author. The author wishes to acknowledge the staff of the Delaware River Basin Commission for their input in field testing the indicators reported in this paper. Funding for the research reported in this paper was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers, Institute of Water Resources, Alexandria, Virginia, USA, under a Universities' Council on Water Resources Water Studies Fellowship. The work reported in this paper is derived from a fellowship with the US Corps of Engineers Institute of Water Resources (Hooper, 2006). NR 91 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 17 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1366-7017 J9 WATER POLICY JI Water Policy PY 2010 VL 12 IS 4 BP 461 EP 478 DI 10.2166/wp.2010.111 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 638GR UT WOS:000280882100001 ER PT B AU Harmon, RS Lyons, WB Goldsmith, ST Carey, A Welch, S Welch, K Forizs, I Long, D Mitasova, H AF Harmon, R. S. Lyons, W. B. Goldsmith, S. T. Carey, A. Welch, S. Welch, K. Forizs, I. Long, D. Mitasova, H. BE Birkle, P TorresAlvarado, IS TI Geochemistry of rivers in Panama SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION (WRI-13) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Centro Investigac Cientifica Educac Super Ensenada, Int Assoc GeoChemistry, WRI 7 USGS, Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Agua, Schlumberger Water Serv, Univ Guanajuato, Deutsche Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst ID NEW-ZEALAND; LOADS AB From 2005-09, 103 rivers, 92 streams, and 15 soil seeps were sampled across a transect of similar to 500 km in Panama from the Lago Bayano area to the Costa Rica border. Measured ranges of temperature, TDS and pH are: 12.7 to 34.0 degrees C, 6 to 1901 mg/l, and 5.3 to 8.7. Average dissolved constituent contents (in mu mol/liter) are: Si = 506, Ca2+ = 265, Mg2+ = 220, Na+ = 357, K+ = 43, Cl-= 224, NO3-= 31, SO42-= 55. Average surface water TDS is low (TDS = 143 +/- 145 mg/l), suggesting a short residence time in the weathering zone for infiltrating precipitation. Compositional variability reflects both the nature of the terrain from which drainage is occurring and time since the last strong precipitation event. Calculated long-term chemical weathering yields range from 1.7 to 284 tons/km(2)/yr, lying toward the high end of the ranges reported in the literature. CO2 consumption rates range from 188 to 3951 x 10(3) mol/km(2)/yr, again falling toward the upper end of the ranges observed in other studies. C1 [Harmon, R. S.] US Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Lyons, W. B.; Goldsmith, S. T.; Carey, A.; Welch, S.; Welch, K.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Forizs, I.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Geochem Res, Budapest, Hungary. [Long, D.] Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI USA. [Mitasova, H.] North Carolina State Univ, Deptartment Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. OI Mitasova, Helena/0000-0002-6906-3398 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6299-5; 978-0-415-60426-0 PY 2010 BP 253 EP 256 PG 4 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BG7YG UT WOS:000392008600059 ER PT J AU Roppo, V Cojocaru, C Trull, J Vilaseca, R Scalora, M AF Roppo, V. Cojocaru, C. Trull, J. Vilaseca, R. Scalora, M. TI Cavity behavior of second and third harmonic inhomogeneous solutions of Maxwell's equations SO WAVES IN RANDOM AND COMPLEX MEDIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Summer CRI Workshop on Optical Waves in Metamaterials and their Applications CY MAY 27-30, 2009 CL Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC SP Charlotte Res Inst HO Univ N Carolina ID MISMATCHED 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; OPTICAL HARMONICS; PHASE MODULATION; LIGHT WAVES; DISPERSION; VELOCITY AB We study second and third harmonic generation of ultrashort pulses in a cavity environment and focus on the role of a phase locking phenomenon that causes the pump to trap and drag the generated harmonic fields. The results reveal strong field localisation and resonance conditions for the phase locked components, which are tuned in a spectral region of huge nominal material absorption. This unique behavior suggests the possibility of new optical phenomena and new applications for opaque materials (i.e. semiconductors) in the visible and UV ranges, such as new laser sources with relatively high conversion efficiencies. C1 [Roppo, V.; Cojocaru, C.; Trull, J.; Vilaseca, R.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Fis & Engn Nucl, Terrassa 08222, Spain. [Roppo, V.; Scalora, M.] USA, CM Bowden Res Facil, RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35803 USA. RP Roppo, V (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Fis & Engn Nucl, Colom 11, Terrassa 08222, Spain. EM vito.roppo@upc.edu RI roppo, vito/D-9639-2012; Trull, Jose/L-9054-2014; OI roppo, vito/0000-0003-0928-4209; Trull, Jose/0000-0002-5850-088X; Vilaseca, Ramon/0000-0002-3736-5789 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-5030 J9 WAVE RANDOM COMPLEX JI Waves Random Complex Media PY 2010 VL 20 IS 2 BP 319 EP 331 AR PII 922986660 DI 10.1080/17455030.2010.484842 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 610HH UT WOS:000278721800009 ER PT J AU Dubick, MA Kheirabadi, BS AF Dubick, Michael A. Kheirabadi, Bijan S. TI Hemostyptic wound bandages: are there any differences? SO WIENER KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT LA English DT Article C1 [Dubick, Michael A.; Kheirabadi, Bijan S.] USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Dubick, MA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0043-5325 J9 WIEN KLIN WOCHENSCHR JI Wien. Klin. Wochen. PY 2010 VL 122 SU 5 BP S18 EP S18 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 727WX UT WOS:000287834800007 PM 21598442 ER PT J AU Martini, WZ AF Martini, Wenjun Zhou TI Trauma associated coagulation disorders: acidosis, hypothermia and coagulopathy SO WIENER KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT LA English DT Editorial Material ID TEMPERATURE; SWINE; PIGS C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Martini, WZ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0043-5325 J9 WIEN KLIN WOCHENSCHR JI Wien. Klin. Wochen. PY 2010 VL 122 SU 5 BP S4 EP S5 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 727WX UT WOS:000287834800001 PM 21598436 ER PT J AU Geirhofer, S Tong, L Sadler, BM AF Geirhofer, Stefan Tong, Lang Sadler, Brian M. TI A sensing-based cognitive coexistence method for interfering infrastructure and ad hoc systems SO WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE cognitive radio; resource allocation and interference management; standards coexistence; dynamic spectrum access ID POWER ALLOCATION; SPECTRUM ACCESS; SUBCARRIER AB The rapid proliferation of wireless systems makes interference management more and more important. This paper presents a novel cognitive coexistence framework, which enables an infrastructure system to reduce interference to ad hoc or peer-to-peer communication links in close proximity. Motivated by the superior resources of the infrastructure system, we study how its centralized resource allocation can accommodate the ad hoc links based on sensing and predicting their interference patterns. Based on an ON/OFF continuous-time Markov chain model, the optimal allocation of power and transmission time is formulated as a convex optimization problem and structured solutions are derived. The optimal scheduling is extended to the case where the infrastructure channel is random and rate constraints need only be met in the long-term average. Finally, the multi-terminal case is addressed and the problem of optimal sub-channel allocation is discussed. Numerical performance analysis illustrates that utilizing the superior flexibility of the infrastructure links can effectively mitigate interference. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Geirhofer, Stefan; Tong, Lang] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14583 USA. [Sadler, Brian M.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tong, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14583 USA. EM ltong@ece.cornell.edu FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory [DAAD19-01-2-0011]; National Science Foundation [CCF-0635070] FX This work is supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Agreement DAAD19-01-2-0011 and the National Science Foundation under Contract CCF-0635070. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. This work has been presented in part at the IEEE Military Communications Conference, San Diego, CA, November 2008. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1530-8669 J9 WIREL COMMUN MOB COM JI Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 SI SI BP 16 EP 30 DI 10.1002/wcm.896 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 544SI UT WOS:000273679200003 ER PT S AU Rao, RM Nasrabadi, NM Dianat, SA AF Rao, Raghuveer M. Nasrabadi, Nasser M. Dianat, Sohail A. BE Dianat, SA Zoltowski, MD TI Sparsity based interferometric imaging SO WIRELESS SENSING, LOCALIZATION, AND PROCESSING V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wireless Sensing, Localization, and Processing V CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Interferometric imaging; l(1) regularization AB Correlative interferometric imaging relies on reconstructing object intensity by using the cross-correlation across distant sensor measurements. While Fourier inversion is commonly used, the problem can also be cast as a constrained optimization problem involving positivity and boundary constraints. This paper replaces the boundary constraint with a l(1) norm constraint that is known to induce sparsity under certain conditions. An experimental example demonstrates that such constrained optimization can potentially provide reconstruction whose extent conforms closely to that of the source. C1 [Rao, Raghuveer M.; Nasrabadi, Nasser M.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Rao, RM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8170-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7706 AR 77060H DI 10.1117/12.851776 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS87 UT WOS:000285718100013 ER PT B AU Connor, TJ Sangster, B AF Connor, T. J. Sangster, Ben GP ACM TI honeyM: A Framework for Implementing Virtual Honeyclients for Mobile Devices SO WISEC 10: PROCEEDINGS ON THE THIRD ACM CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS NETWORK SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ACM Conference on Wireless Network Security CY MAR 22-24, 2010 CL Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ SP ACM SIGSAC HO Stevens Inst Technol DE Mobile Device Security; Information Assurance; Bluetooth; WiFi; GPS; Wireless Security AB This paper presents honeyM, a framework for deploying virtual mobile device honeyclients. Honeyclients provide the ability discover early warnings about novel attacks and exploitations and are typically deployed to protect wired infrastructure. In a wireless environment, honeyclients usually record attacks against the wireless access point. To identify attacks targeted specifically against mobile device users on wireless networks, we present honeyM. honeyM is a framework for virtual mobile honeyclients and contains a library of simulated mobile devices. honeyM emulates the wireless, Bluetooth, and GPS stacks of an actual mobile device in order to deceive mobile device fingerprinting tools. This paper discusses the design and framework for honeyM and demonstrates the necessity to provide a system to protect mobile users. In this paper, we implemented and evaluated the use of virtual honeyclients for mobile devices in two high risk environments, including a wireless security course and the DEFCON hacker conference. C1 [Connor, T. J.] US Mil Acad, Informat Technol & Operat Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Connor, TJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Informat Technol & Operat Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-60558-923-7 PY 2010 BP 129 EP 138 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPC74 UT WOS:000278534300017 ER PT B AU Arney, D AF Arney, David BE Baralt, J Callaos, N Chu, HW Jastroch, N Lesso, W TI Communication Modeling: Geometric Model of Mindspace or a Romance Language of Many Dimensions SO WMSCI 2010: 14TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst DE Mind; Cognition; Communication; Language; Model; Mathematics; Geometry AB This paper describes a geometric model (called MSM) for the structures and processes of thinking, learning, deciding, and communicating by constructing and describing a virtual geometric space (mathematical model) of a notional mind. Mindspaces, like the one described, can be understood as workspaces of the mind and, therefore, this paper provides a glimpse of a hypothetical (virtual model of the) mind at work. C1 [Arney, David] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, PA 10996 USA. RP Arney, D (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, PA 10996 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-00-9 PY 2010 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG7LA UT WOS:000391417500015 ER PT B AU Barrows, A Kucik, P Skimmyhorn, W Straigis, J AF Barrows, Anne Kucik, Paul Skimmyhorn, William Straigis, John BE Baralt, J Callaos, N Chu, HW Jastroch, N Lesso, W TI A Systems Analysis of the AQ Khan Network SO WMSCI 2010: 14TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst AB In this study, we apply the methods of engineering risk analysis to understand the structure of a nuclear proliferation network in order to defeat it. These methods are typically applied to engineering systems in order to assess the weaknesses in a system and determine the most cost-effective way to improve that system; instead, this analysis turns risk analysis on its head, as we seek to understand the uncertainties, dependencies, and redundancies that exist in the system in order to induce failure (or degradation). In order to accomplish this goal, our team modeled the A.Q. Khan network as a supply chain in order to determine its weak points and possible ways to defeat the network. We then attempted to generalize our findings in order to apply them to future networks. Our report is based completely on our analysis of open source information. C1 [Barrows, Anne] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Syst Deployments, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kucik, Paul] US Mil Acad, Ctr Operat Res, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Skimmyhorn, William] US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Straigis, John] Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Syst Engn, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. RP Barrows, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Syst Deployments, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-00-9 PY 2010 BP 306 EP 309 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG7LA UT WOS:000391417500057 ER PT S AU Wilcox, P Guicheteau, J Christesen, S AF Wilcox, Phillip Guicheteau, Jason Christesen, Steven BE Champion, PM Ziegler, LD TI Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy for Chemical Detection in Porous Surfaces SO XXII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP NE Univ, Boston Univ & Photon Ctr, Horiba Sci, Thermo Sci, Bruker Opt ID MEDIA C1 [Wilcox, Phillip; Guicheteau, Jason; Christesen, Steven] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Wilcox, P (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0818-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1267 BP 551 EP 552 DI 10.1063/1.3482671 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQK65 UT WOS:000281210900294 ER PT J AU Poore, C Clark, P Emanuel, PA AF Poore, Carrie Clark, Paul Emanuel, Peter A. TI An evaluation of suspicious powder screening tools for first responders SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Detection; Suspicious powders; Bio-threat agents; Biological weapons; Field screening AB Field screening tools are required which would allow first responders to quickly ascertain if a suspicious powder poses a potential threat necessitating additional testing for biological pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis. In this study, three commercially available generic screening technologies were evaluated for the effectiveness to accurately differentiate between a hoax powder and a true biological threat. The BioCheck(R) Kit was able to detect the following biological agents 1 x 10(8) CFU of B. anthracis Sterne (washed 4 times), 1 x 10(7) CFU of B. anthracis Delta Sterne (washed 2 times), 1 x 10(7) CFU of Yersinia pestis All 122, and 100 mu g of ricin. The PrimeAlert(TM) kit was able to detect 2 x 10(10) CFU of B. anthracis Delta Sterne 4x. 1 x 109 CFU of B. anthracis Delta Sterne 2 x, and 1 x 10(8) CFU of Y. pestis A1122. The Prime Alert(TM) kit was not able to detect ricin. The Profile(R)-1 kit was able to detect 1 x 10(4) CFU of B. anthracis Delta Sterne 4x and B. anthracis Delta Sterne 2x, and 1 x 10(6) CFU of Y. pestis A1122. The Profile(R)-1 kit was not able to detect ricin. All of the kits showed positive results for powders containing components specifically targeted by the particular technology being used. Each technology assessed in this evaluation employs a different mechanism for the detection of biological materials and it is important that first responders are aware of the strengths and the limitations of each system so that they can effectively employ the technology to protect the homeland. C1 [Poore, Carrie; Clark, Paul; Emanuel, Peter A.] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Poore, C (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Carrie.Poore@us.army.mil FU Department of Homeland Security FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of Mary Wade for technical consultations, and Todd Sickler, Jerry Pfarr, and Andrew Beck for technical assistance. We would also like to acknowledge the Department of Homeland Security for providing the funding to complete this study. The Department of Homeland Security sponsored the production of this material under an Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC 30 PY 2009 VL 172 IS 2-3 BP 559 EP 565 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.142 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522EO UT WOS:000271980800004 PM 19592160 ER PT J AU Moore, EW Lee, S Hickman, SA Wright, SJ Harrell, LE Borbat, PP Freed, JH Marohn, JA AF Moore, Eric W. Lee, SangGap Hickman, Steven A. Wright, Sarah J. Harrell, Lee E. Borbat, Peter P. Freed, Jack H. Marohn, John A. TI Scanned-probe detection of electron spin resonance from a nitroxide spin probe SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE MRFM; ESR; TEMPAMINE; mechanically detected magnetic resonance; molecular structure imaging ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LATTICE-RELAXATION RATES; FORCE MICROSCOPY; CANTILEVERS; FLUCTUATIONS; PROTEINS; GRADIENT; DISTANCES; FRICTION; SOLIDS AB We report an approach that extends the applicability of ultrasensitive force-gradient detection of magnetic resonance to samples with spin-lattice relaxation times (T(1)) as short as a single cantilever period. To demonstrate the generality of the approach, which relies on detecting either cantilever frequency or phase, we used it to detect electron spin resonance from a T(1) = 1 ms nitroxide spin probe in a thin film at 4.2 K and 0.6 T. By using a custom-fabricated cantilever with a 4 mu m-diameter nickel tip, we achieve a magnetic resonance sensitivity of 400 Bohr magnetons in a 1 Hz bandwidth. A theory is presented that quantitatively predicts both the line-shape and the magnitude of the observed cantilever frequency shift as a function of field and cantilever-sample separation. Good agreement was found between nitroxide T(1)'s measured mechanically and inductively, indicating that the cantilever magnet is not an appreciable source of spin-lattice relaxation here. We suggest that the new approach has a number of advantages that make it well suited to push magnetic resonance detection and imaging of nitroxide spin labels in an individual macromolecule to single-spin sensitivity. C1 [Moore, Eric W.; Lee, SangGap; Hickman, Steven A.; Wright, Sarah J.; Borbat, Peter P.; Freed, Jack H.; Marohn, John A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Harrell, Lee E.] US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Marohn, JA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jam99@cornell.edu RI Borbat, Petr/A-8658-2014; borbat, peter/B-1616-2016 FU National Institutes of Health [5R01GM-070012]; National Center for Research Resources Center [P41RR016292]; Army Research Office MultiUniversity [W911NF-05-1-0403]; National Science Foundation [ECS-0335765] FX We acknowledge Doran Smith and the U. S. Army Research Laboratory (Adelphi, MD) for their generous loan of the microwave source and amplifier used here. We acknowledge Brian Crane and Barbara Baird for helpful discussions on spin-labeling biomacromolecules. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant 5R01GM-070012 (to J. A. M), National Center for Research Resources Center Grant P41RR016292 (to J. H. F.), and the Army Research Office MultiUniversity Research Initiative Grant W911NF-05-1-0403 (to J. A. M.). This work was performed in part at the Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant ECS-0335765. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 29 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 52 BP 22251 EP 22256 DI 10.1073/pnas.0908120106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 538IV UT WOS:000273178700040 PM 20018707 ER PT J AU Tiberkevich, V Slavin, A Bankowski, E Gerhart, G AF Tiberkevich, Vasil Slavin, Andrei Bankowski, Elena Gerhart, Grant TI Phase-locking and frustration in an array of nonlinear spin-torque nano-oscillators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE frustration; microwave oscillators; microwave phase shifters; phase locked oscillators ID MAGNETIC MULTILAYER; POLARIZED CURRENT; EXCITATION; DRIVEN AB We demonstrate that the cooperative dynamics of an array of coupled spin-torque nano-oscillators (STNO) can be controlled by introduction of an additional external phase shift beta(c) between microwave current, which couples STNOs, and microwave voltage on the array. When this external phase shift beta(c) compensates the intrinsic phase shift beta(0), caused by the STNO nonlinearity, a phase-locking regime with increased output power and vanishing inhomogeneous linewidth broadening is achieved. In the opposite case, when external and intrinsic phase shifts are added, the STNO array demonstrates a frustration regime with low output power and wide and noisy frequency spectrum. C1 [Tiberkevich, Vasil; Slavin, Andrei] Oakland Univ, Dept Phys, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. [Bankowski, Elena; Gerhart, Grant] USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Tiberkevich, V (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Phys, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. EM tyberkev@oakland.edu RI Tiberkevich, Vasil/A-8697-2008 OI Tiberkevich, Vasil/0000-0002-8374-2565 FU National Science Foundation of the USA [ECCS 0653901]; U.S. Army TARDEC, RDECOM [W56HZW-09-P-L564] FX We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation of the USA (Grant No. ECCS 0653901) and from the U.S. Army TARDEC, RDECOM (Contract No. W56HZW-09-P-L564). NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 26 AR 262505 DI 10.1063/1.3278602 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 538XF UT WOS:000273216900041 ER PT J AU Lemasson, BH Anderson, JJ Goodwin, RA AF Lemasson, B. H. Anderson, J. J. Goodwin, R. A. TI Collective motion in animal groups from a neurobiological perspective: The adaptive benefits of dynamic sensory loads and selective attention SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Collective behavior; Information; Decision-making; Retina; Vision; Trafalgar effect ID FISH SCHOOLS; DECISION-MAKING; EMERGENT PROPERTIES; SELFISH HERD; RETINA; BEHAVIOR; INFORMATION; EVOLUTION; SIGNALS; SIMULATION AB We explore mechanisms associated with collective animal motion by drawing on the neurobiological bases of sensory information processing and decision-making. The model uses simplified retinal processes to translate neighbor movement patterns into information through spatial signal integration and threshold responses. The structure provides a mechanism by which individuals can vary their sets of influential neighbors, a measure of an individual's sensory load. Sensory loads are correlated with group order and density, and we discuss their adaptive values in an ecological context. The model also provides a mechanism by which group members can identify, and rapidly respond to, novel visual stimuli. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lemasson, B. H.; Anderson, J. J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Goodwin, R. A.] USA, Engineer R&D Ctr, Environm Lab, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Lemasson, BH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 358218, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lemasson@u.washington.edu FU U.S. Army's Network Science research initiative through the U. S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center (ERDC) Environmental Quality & Installations (EQ/I) Basic Research Program FX The tests described and the resulting data presented here in, unless otherwise noted, were obtained from research sponsored by the U.S. Army's Network Science research initiative through the U. S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center (ERDC) Environmental Quality & Installations (EQ/I) Basic Research Program. We are grateful to James Buchholz, Kevin Warburton, J.A.'s students, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and questions. Co-PIs, Goodwin and Anderson, would especially like to thank Todd Bridges and John Cullinane of ERDC for the opportunity and support. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 EI 1095-8541 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD DEC 21 PY 2009 VL 261 IS 4 BP 501 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.08.013 PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 559CW UT WOS:000274799100001 PM 19699212 ER PT J AU Skyllingstad, ED Paulson, CA Perovich, DK AF Skyllingstad, Eric D. Paulson, Clayton A. Perovich, Donald K. TI Simulation of melt pond evolution on level ice SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; UPPER OCEAN; ALBEDO; GREENLAND; SUMMER AB A melt pond model is presented that predicts pond size and depth changes, given an initial ice thickness field and representative surface fluxes. The model is based on the assumption that as sea ice melts, fresh water builds up in the ice pore space and eventually saturates the ice. Under these conditions, a water table is defined equal to the draft of the ice or sea level, and ponds are produced in ice surface depressions, much like lakes in a watershed. Pond evolution is forced by applying fluxes of heat at the pond surface and a radiative transfer model for solar radiation that penetrates the pond. Results from the model using forcing data from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment and representative pond parameters indicate that the model accurately simulates pond depth and fractional area over the summer melt season, with fractional area increasing linearly. Overall, ice albedo is affected primarily by the increase in pond coverage. Decrease in pond albedo from pond deepening has a much lower influence on the total albedo. Cases with predominately sunny conditions are shown to produce more rapid pond expansion than overcast cases. In both sunny and cloudy cases the fractional area increases linearly. C1 [Skyllingstad, Eric D.; Paulson, Clayton A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Perovich, Donald K.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Skyllingstad, ED (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM skylling@coas.oregonstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [ARC-0454867] FX We are pleased to acknowledge the supercomputer time provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is funded by the National Science Foundation. We thank Scott Pegau for assistance with the surface meteorological and flux data. We also thank the reviewers for their very useful comments. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation under grant ARC-0454867. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 18 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C12019 DI 10.1029/2009JC005363 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 535CV UT WOS:000272945100001 ER PT J AU Saini, J Kovatich, A Li, X Bekash, A Hooke, J Mural, RJ Shriver, CD Hu, H AF Saini, J. Kovatich, A. Li, X. Bekash, A. Hooke, J. Mural, R. J. Shriver, C. D. Hu, H. TI Association of Clinicopathologic Characteristics with IHC-Based Breast Cancer Subtypes SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 09-13, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. MDR Global Syst, Windber, PA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 69 IS 24 SU 3 BP 635S EP 636S PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 534TR UT WOS:000272920701165 ER PT J AU Li, X Hu, H Shriver, CD Mural, RJ AF Li, X. Hu, H. Shriver, C. D. Mural, R. J. TI Microarray Data Analysis Using Peripheral Blood Samples Suggests Differential Enrichment of Signaling Pathways between Breast Cancer Patients and Normal Subjects. SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 09-13, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 69 IS 24 SU 3 BP 654S EP 654S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 534TR UT WOS:000272920701221 ER PT J AU Bekash, A Saini, J Fan, X Hooke, J Mural, RJ Shriver, CD Hu, H AF Bekash, A. Saini, J. Fan, X. Hooke, J. Mural, R. J. Shriver, C. D. Hu, H. TI Differential Benign Breast Disease Co-Occurrence with Cancer in Caucasian and African American Women SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 09-13, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 69 IS 24 SU 3 BP 667S EP 667S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 534TR UT WOS:000272920701263 ER PT J AU Kvecher, L Wu, W Hooke, J Shriver, CD Mural, RJ Hu, H AF Kvecher, L. Wu, W. Hooke, J. Shriver, C. D. Mural, R. J. Hu, H. TI An Approach To Correlate the Temporal Information To Facilitate Specimen Selection in the Breast Cancer Research Project SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 09-13, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 69 IS 24 SU 3 BP 763S EP 764S PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 534TR UT WOS:000272920701546 ER PT J AU Clifton, GT Holmes, JP Perez, SA Lorentz, D Georgakopoulou, K Benavides, LC Gates, JD Mittendorf, MA Ardavanis, A Gritzapis, AD Ponniah, S Papamichail, M Peoples, GE AF Clifton, G. T. Holmes, J. P. Perez, S. A. Lorentz, D. Georgakopoulou, K. Benavides, L. C. Gates, J. D. Mittendorf, M. A. Ardavanis, A. Gritzapis, A. D. Ponniah, S. Papamichail, M. Peoples, G. E. TI Interim Analysis of a Randomized Phase II Study of the Novel HER2/Neu Peptide (GP2) Vaccine To Prevent Breast Cancer Recurrence: United States Military Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Group Study I-05 SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 09-13, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. St Savas Canc Hosp, Athens, Greece. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 69 IS 24 SU 3 BP 802S EP 802S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 534TR UT WOS:000272920702069 ER PT J AU Shay, M Duman, J Eberly, S Christiansen, R Hu, H Shriver, CD AF Shay, M. Duman, J. Eberly, S. Christiansen, R. Hu, H. Shriver, C. D. TI Converting Paper Medical Records to Electronic Version To Support Breast Cancer Translational Research and Clinical Practice. SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 09-13, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX C1 CTC, Johnstown, PA USA. Natl Interest Secur Co LLC, Fairfax, VA USA. Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 69 IS 24 SU 3 BP 806S EP 807S PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 534TR UT WOS:000272920702082 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, RE Weyandt, JD Fantacone-Campbell, JL Deyarmin, B Ellsworth, DL Hooke, JA Shriver, CD AF Ellsworth, R. E. Weyandt, J. D. Fantacone-Campbell, J. L. Deyarmin, B. Ellsworth, D. L. Hooke, J. A. Shriver, C. D. TI Genetic Characterization of Columnar Cellular Lesions and Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia of the Breast SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 09-13, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn, Windber, PA USA. Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 69 IS 24 SU 3 BP 817S EP 817S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 534TR UT WOS:000272920702115 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, RE Seeley, EH Ellsworth, DL Deyarmin, B Hooke, JA Sanders, M Caprioli, R Shriver, CD Henry, M AF Ellsworth, R. E. Seeley, E. H. Ellsworth, D. L. Deyarmin, B. Hooke, J. A. Sanders, M. Caprioli, R. Shriver, C. D. Henry, M. TI Proteomic Discrimination of Well- from Poorly-Differentiated Breast Carcinomas. SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 09-13, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Windber, PA USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 69 IS 24 SU 3 BP 865S EP 865S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 534TR UT WOS:000272920702249 ER PT J AU Iida, J Nesbella, M Lehman, J Mural, RJ Shriver, CD AF Iida, J. Nesbella, M. Lehman, J. Mural, R. J. Shriver, C. D. TI Role for CD44 in Enhancing Invasion, Migration, and Growth of Triple Negative (TN) Breast Cancer Cells SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 09-13, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 69 IS 24 SU 3 BP 876S EP 876S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 534TR UT WOS:000272920702282 ER PT J AU Bannon, DI Drexler, JW Fent, GM Casteel, SW Hunter, PJ Brattin, WJ Major, MA AF Bannon, Desmond I. Drexler, John W. Fent, Genevieve M. Casteel, Stan W. Hunter, Penelope J. Brattin, William J. Major, Michael A. TI Evaluation of Small Arms Range Soils for Metal Contamination and Lead Bioavailability SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY; SHOOTING RANGE; BULLETS; SWINE; RISK; SITE AB Although small arms ranges are known to be contaminated with lead, the full extent of metal contamination has not been described, nor has the oral bioavailability of lead in these soils. In this work, soil samples from ranges with diverse geochemical backgrounds were sieved to <250 mu m and analyzed for total metal content. Soils had consistently high levels of lead and copper, ranging from 4549 to 24 484 mu g/g and 223 to 2936 mu g/g, respectively, while arsenic, antimony, nickel, and zinc concentrations were 100-fold lower. For lead bioavailability measurements, two widely accepted methods were used: an in vivo juvenile swine relative bioavailability method measuring lead absorption from ingested soils relative to equivalent lead acetate concentrations and an in vitro bioaccessibility procedure which measured acid-extractable lead as a percent of total lead in the soil. For eight samples, the mean relative bioavailability and bioaccessibility of lead for the eight soils was about 100% (108 +/- 18% and 95 +/- 6%, respectively) showing good agreement between both methods. Risk assessment and/or remediation of small arms ranges should therefore assume high bioavailability of lead. C1 [Bannon, Desmond I.; Drexler, John W.; Fent, Genevieve M.; Casteel, Stan W.; Hunter, Penelope J.; Brattin, William J.; Major, Michael A.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Toxicol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Bannon, DI (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Toxicol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM desmond.bannon@us.army.mil FU Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) FX Funding for this work was provided by the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP), a DoD program that promotes innovative cost-effective technologies at DoD sites. D.B. acknowledges Andrea Leeson (ESTCP), Gunda Reddy, Mark Johnson, Larry Tannenbaum, and Keith Hoddinott (all DoD) for helpful advice and comments. The comments of three anonymous reviewers improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 26 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 24 BP 9071 EP 9076 DI 10.1021/es901834h PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528QU UT WOS:000272462500008 PM 20000496 ER PT J AU Kholod, YA Muratov, EN Gorb, LG Hill, FC Artemenko, AG Kuz'min, VE Qasim, M Leszczynski, J AF Kholod, Yana A. Muratov, Eugene N. Gorb, Leonid G. Hill, Frances C. Artemenko, Anatoly G. Kuz'min, Victor E. Qasim, Mohammad Leszczynski, Jerzy TI Application of Quantum Chemical Approximations to Environmental Problems: Prediction of Water Solubility for Nitro Compounds SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY; ALKALINE-HYDROLYSIS; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; SCREENING MODEL; REAL SOLVENTS; ATOMS LI; COSMO-RS; CL-20; EXPLOSIVES AB Water solubility values for 27 nitro compounds with experimentally measured values were computed using the conductor-like screening model for real solvent (COSMO-RS) based on the density functional theory and COSMO technique. We have found that the accuracy of the COSMO-RS approach for prediction of water solubility of liquid nitro compounds is impressively high (the errors are lower than 0.1 LU). However, for some solid nitro compounds, especially nitramines, there is sufficient disagreement between calculated and experimental values. In order to increase the accuracy of predictions the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) part of the COSMO-RS by the modified COSMO-RS method have shown much better agreement with the experimental values (the mean absolute errors are lower than 0.5 LU). Furthermore, this technique has been used for prediction of water solubility for an expanded set of 23 nitro compounds including nitroaromatic, nitramines, nitroanisoles, nitrogen rich compounds, and some their nitroso and amino derivatives with unknown experimental values. The solubility values predicted using the proposed computational technique could be useful for the determination of the environmental fate of military and industrial wastes and the development of remediation strategies for contaminated soils and waters. This predictive capability is especially important for unstable compounds and for compounds that have yet to be synthesized. C1 [Kholod, Yana A.; Muratov, Eugene N.; Leszczynski, Jerzy] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Interdisciplinary Ctr Nanotox, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Hill, Frances C.; Qasim, Mohammad; Leszczynski, Jerzy] USA, Erdc, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Muratov, Eugene N.; Artemenko, Anatoly G.; Kuz'min, Victor E.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Lab Theoret Chem, Dept Mol Struct, AV Bogatsky Phys & Chem Inst, Odessa, Ukraine. SpecPro Inc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Leszczynski, J (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Interdisciplinary Ctr Nanotox, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. EM jerzy@ccmsi.us RI Muratov, Eugene/C-4454-2014 OI Muratov, Eugene/0000-0003-4616-7036 FU U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) [BT25-08-41] FX The support by the Basic Research Project BT25-08-41 grant from the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is acknowledged. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. We are thankful to Dr. Andreas Klarnt and Dr. Frank Eckert from COSMOlogic GmbH & Co KG for providing the information for the training set compounds and enlightening discussions of the COSMO-RS theory. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 24 BP 9208 EP 9215 DI 10.1021/es902566b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528QU UT WOS:000272462500029 PM 20000511 ER PT J AU Weintrob, AC Grandits, GA Agan, BK Ganesan, A Landrum, ML Crum-Cianflone, NF Johnson, EN Ordonez, CE Wortmann, GW Marconi, VC AF Weintrob, Amy C. Grandits, Greg A. Agan, Brian K. Ganesan, Anuradha Landrum, Michael L. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Johnson, Erica N. Ordonez, Claudia E. Wortmann, Glenn W. Marconi, Vincent C. CA IDCRP HIV Working Grp TI Virologic Response Differences Between African Americans and European Americans Initiating Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy With Equal Access to care SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE virologic response; HIV HAART; ethnicity; African Americans; European Americans ID SELF-REPORTED ADHERENCE; HIV-1 INFECTION; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS; MILITARY COHORT; REGIMENS; EFAVIRENZ; FAILURE; RISK; PHARMACOGENETICS AB Objective: Studies comparing virologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) between African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) have been confounded by differences in duration of HIV infection and access to health care. We evaluated virologic response to HAART between ethnicities in a large cohort with fewer confounders. Methods: The odds of attaining viral suppression at 6- and 12-months post-HAART were determined by multivariate logistic regression for HIV infected AA and EA prospectively followed in a large US military cohort. Time-to-event methods were used to compare maintenance of suppression. Results: A total of 1363 subjects (51% AA, 92% men) with viral load results available 6 months after HAART initiation were included. There was no difference. between ethnicities in time from seroconversion to HIV diagnosis or HAART initiation or in HAART regimens. Adjusted for multiple demographic and HIV-related factors, AA had significantly lower odds of obtaining undetectable viral loads after 6 (odds ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.4-0.8, P < 0.001) and 12 months (odds ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.4-0.8, P = 0.002) of HAART Once undetectable, there was no difference in time to virologic failure between AA and EA. Conclusions: Despite similar durations of HIV infection and equal access to health care, AAs were significantly less likely to achieve viral suppression compared with EA. C1 [Weintrob, Amy C.; Wortmann, Glenn W.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Weintrob, Amy C.; Grandits, Greg A.; Agan, Brian K.; Ganesan, Anuradha; Landrum, Michael L.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Johnson, Erica N.; Wortmann, Glenn W.; Marconi, Vincent C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Grandits, Greg A.] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. [Landrum, Michael L.; Johnson, Erica N.; Marconi, Vincent C.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Weintrob, AC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Ward 63,Room 6312, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Amy.Weintrob@amedd.army.mil RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; IDCRP; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine; HHS/NIH/NIAID/DCR [HU0001-05-2-0011] FX Supported by Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. The IDCRP is a Department of Defense tri-service program executed through Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, in collaboration with HHS/NIH/NIAID/DCR through Interagency Agreement HU0001-05-2-0011. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors, and are not to be construed as official, or as reflecting the views of the Departments of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or the Department of Defense. The authors have no commercial or other association that might pose a conflict of interest. NR 30 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 574 EP 580 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 526SO UT WOS:000272314100007 PM 19755913 ER PT J AU Severson, KM Mallozzi, M Bozue, J Welkos, SL Cote, CK Knight, KL Driks, A AF Severson, Kari M. Mallozzi, Michael Bozue, Joel Welkos, Susan L. Cote, Christopher K. Knight, Katherine L. Driks, Adam TI Roles of the Bacillus anthracis Spore Protein ExsK in Exosporium Maturation and Germination SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODOMINANT PROTEIN; CEREUS SPORES; L-ALANINE; SUBTILIS; COAT; TRANSGLUTAMINASE; ENDOSPORES; SURFACE; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION AB The Bacillus anthracis spore is the causative agent of the disease anthrax. The outermost structure of the B. anthracis spore, the exosporium, is a shell composed of approximately 20 proteins. The function of the exosporium remains poorly understood and is an area of active investigation. In this study, we analyzed the previously identified but uncharacterized exosporium protein ExsK. We found that, in contrast to other exosporium proteins, ExsK is present in at least two distinct locations, i.e., the spore surface as well as a more interior location underneath the exosporium. In spores that lack the exosporium basal layer protein ExsFA/BxpB, ExsK fails to encircle the spore and instead is present at only one spore pole, indicating that ExsK assembly to the spore is partially dependent on ExsFA/BxpB. In spores lacking the exosporium surface protein BclA, ExsK fails to mature into high-molecular-mass species observed in wild-type spores. These data suggest that the assembly and maturation of ExsK within the exosporium are dependent on ExsFA/BxpB and BclA. We also found that ExsK is not required for virulence in murine and guinea pig models but that it does inhibit germination. Based on these data, we propose a revised model of exosporium maturation and assembly and suggest a novel role for the exosporium in germination. C1 [Severson, Kari M.; Mallozzi, Michael; Knight, Katherine L.; Driks, Adam] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Bozue, Joel; Welkos, Susan L.; Cote, Christopher K.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Driks, A (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 2160 S 1st Ave,Bldg 105,Rm 3820, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. EM adriks@lumc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AI050260]; U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command [1.1A0010-07.RDB]; RDB; Department of the Army [92489] FX This work was supported by grant AI050260 from the National Institutes of Health (K. L. K.); by the Medical Biological Defense Research Program, U. S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, project 1.1A0010-07. RDB (USAMRIID) (S. L. W.); and by an in-house laboratory innovative research award from the Department of the Army under project 92489 (J.B.). NR 54 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 191 IS 24 BP 7587 EP 7596 DI 10.1128/JB.01110-09 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 522WI UT WOS:000272030400022 PM 19837802 ER PT J AU Bock, CW Larkin, JD Hirsch, SS Wright, JB AF Bock, Charles W. Larkin, Joseph D. Hirsch, Stephen S. Wright, J. B. TI Nucleophilic destruction of organophosphate toxins: A computational investigation SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE Organophosphorus (OP) compounds; Sarin; Wright-type reaction mechanism; Density functional theory; o-Iodosobenzoic acid (IBA); Thermochemistry ID PHOSPHORUS ACID DERIVATIVES; BASIS-SET; ALKALINE-HYDROLYSIS; REACTION PATHWAYS; ENERGY BARRIERS; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; SUBSTITUTION; PHOSPHATES; CLEAVAGE; KINETICS AB Computed reaction enthalpies, free energies, and activation barriers in vacua are presented for the nucleophilic detoxification of the organophosphorus compounds (H)(H-O)P(=O)F, (H)(H3C-O)P(=O)F and (H3C)(CH(CH3)(2)-O)P(=O)F via the reaction R-1-OH + (R-2)(R-3-O)P(=O)F -> (R-2)(R-3-O)P(=O)(O-R-1) + H-F for a wide variety of R-1-OH nucleophiles. Density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) computational level was employed for all the calculations. A multi-step Wright-type reaction mechanism [J. B. Wright, W.E. White, J. Mol. Struct. (THEOCHEM) 454 (1998) 259], which proceeds via a proton transfer from the nucleophile to the fluorine atom through the phosphinyl oxygen atom, was consistently found to have a lower activation barrier in the gas-phase than for the corresponding mechanism that operates via a proton transfer from the nucleophile directly to the fluorine atom. Of the nucleophilic agents investigated, peroxybenzoic acid and o-iodosobenzoic acid had the lowest classical activation barrier for the Wright-type mechanism. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bock, Charles W.] Philadelphia Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, LEHP, Philadelphia, PA 19144 USA. [Bock, Charles W.] Philadelphia Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Sch Sci & Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19144 USA. [Larkin, Joseph D.] Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. [Wright, J. B.] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Bock, CW (reprint author), Philadelphia Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, LEHP, Philadelphia, PA 19144 USA. EM bockc@philau.edu FU Department of Defense, Philadelphia University [W911QY-04-1-0001]; Laboratory for Engineered Human Protection (LEHP) FX This work was supported by the Department of Defense under Contract No. W911QY-04-1-0001 with Philadelphia University, the Laboratory for Engineered Human Protection (LEHP) and was administered by the U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC), Natick, MA, USA. The authors also thank Dr. John Walker (NSRDEC) for useful discussions. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 915 IS 1-3 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.07.048 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 522AI UT WOS:000271968400002 ER PT J AU Beck, Z Brown, BK Wieczorek, L Peachman, KK Matyas, GR Polonis, VR Rao, M Alving, CR AF Beck, Zoltan Brown, Bruce K. Wieczorek, Lindsay Peachman, Kristina K. Matyas, Gary R. Polonis, Victoria R. Rao, Mangala Alving, Carl R. TI Human Erythrocytes Selectively Bind and Enrich Infectious HIV-1 Virions SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; DUFFY ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; T-CELLS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; AIDS SUSCEPTIBILITY; DISEASE PROGRESSION; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; HEPARAN-SULFATE AB Although CD4(+) cells represent the major target for HIV infection in blood, claims of complement-independent binding of HIV-1 to erythrocytes and the possible role of Duffy blood group antigen, have generated controversy. To examine the question of binding to erythrocytes, HIV-1 was incubated in vitro with erythrocytes from 30 healthy leukapheresis donors, and binding was determined by p24 analysis and adsorption of HIV-1 with reduction of infectivity for CD4(+) target cells. All of the cells, regardless of blood group type, bound HIV-1 p24. A typical preparation of erythrocytes bound <2.4% of the added p24, but erythrocytes selectively removed essentially all of the viral infectivity as determined by decreased infection of CD4(+) target cells; however, cell-associated HIV-1 was approximately 100-fold more efficient, via trans infection, than unadsorbed virus for infection of CD4(+) cells. All of the bound HIV-1 p24 was released by treatment of the cells with EDTA, and binding was optimized by adding Ca2+ and Mg2+ during the washing of erythrocytes containing bound HIV-1. Although the small number of contaminating leukocytes in the erythrocyte preparation also bound HIV-1 p24, there was no significant binding to CD4, and it thus appears that the binding occurred on leukocytes at non-CD4 sites. Furthermore, binding occurred to erythrocyte ghosts from which contaminating leukocytes had been previously removed. The results demonstrate that erythrocytes incubated in vitro with HIV-1 differentially adsorb all of the infectious HIV-1 virions (as opposed to non-infectious or degraded virions) in the absence of complement and independent of blood group, and binding is dependent on divalent cations. By analogy with HIV-1 bound to DC-SIGN on dendritic cells, erythrocyte-bound HIV-1 might comprise an important surface reservoir for trans infection of permissive cells. C1 [Beck, Zoltan; Brown, Bruce K.; Wieczorek, Lindsay; Peachman, Kristina K.; Matyas, Gary R.; Polonis, Victoria R.; Rao, Mangala; Alving, Carl R.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. [Beck, Zoltan; Brown, Bruce K.; Wieczorek, Lindsay; Peachman, Kristina K.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. RP Beck, Z (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. EM calving@hivresearch.org OI Matyas, Gabor/0000-0002-3212-9963 FU Henry M. Jackson Foundation [W81XWH-07-2-0067]; U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command [W81XWH-07-2-0067] FX This work was supported through Cooperative Agreement contract no. W81XWH-07-2-0067 between the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine and the U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 14 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 12 AR e8297 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008297 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 533NI UT WOS:000272830300045 PM 20011536 ER PT J AU Hooper, JW Ferro, AM Golden, JW Silvera, P Dudek, J Alterson, K Custer, M Rivers, B Morris, J Owens, G Smith, JF Kamrud, KI AF Hooper, Jay W. Ferro, Anthony M. Golden, Joseph W. Silvera, Peter Dudek, Jeanne Alterson, Kim Custer, Max Rivers, Bryan Morris, John Owens, Gary Smith, Jonathan F. Kamrud, Kurt I. TI Molecular smallpox vaccine delivered by alphavirus replicons elicits protective immunity in mice and non-human primates SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinia; Smallpox; Vaccine; Non-human primate; Alphavirus replicon; Neutralizing antibodies; Monkeypox ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; INTRANASAL POXVIRUS CHALLENGE; MAJOR ENVELOPE PROTEINS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; 2 INFECTIOUS FORMS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; DNA VACCINE; GUINEA-PIGS; RESPIRATORY CHALLENGE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB Naturally occurring smallpox was eradicated as a result of successful vaccination campaigns during the 1960s and 1970s. Because of its highly contagious nature and high mortality rate, smallpox has significant potential as a biological weapon. Unfortunately, the current vaccine for orthopoxviruses is contraindicated for large portions of the population. Thus, there is a need for new, safe, and effective orthopoxvirus vaccines. Alphavirus replicon vectors, derived from strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, are being used to develop alternatives to the current smallpox vaccine. Here, we demonstrated that virus-like replicon particles (VRPs) expressing the vaccinia virus A33R, B5R, A27L, and L1R genes elicited protective immunity in mice comparable to vaccination with live-vaccinia virus. Furthermore, cynomolgus macaques vaccinated with a combination of the four poxvirus VRPs (4pox-VRP) developed antibody responses to each antigen. These antibody responses were able to neutralize and inhibit the spread of both vaccinia virus and monkeypox virus. Macaques vaccinated with 4pox-VRP, flu HA VRP (negative control), or live-vaccinia virus (positive control) were challenged intravenously with 5 x 10(6) pfu of monkeypox virus 1 month after the second VRP vaccination. Four of the six negative control animals succumbed to monkeypox and the remaining two animals demonstrated either severe or grave disease. Importantly, all 10 macaques vaccinated with the 4pox-VRP vaccine survived without developing severe disease. These findings revealed that a single-boost VRP smallpox vaccine shows promise as a safe alternative to the currently licensed live-vaccinia virus smallpox vaccine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hooper, Jay W.; Ferro, Anthony M.; Golden, Joseph W.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Silvera, Peter] So Res Inst, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Dudek, Jeanne] Life Technl Corp, Cellular Syst Div, Madison, WI USA. [Alterson, Kim; Custer, Max; Rivers, Bryan; Morris, John; Owens, Gary; Smith, Jonathan F.; Kamrud, Kurt I.] Alphavax Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hooper, JW (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM jay.hooper@amedd.army.mil OI Hooper, Jay/0000-0002-4475-0415 FU NIH [5-UC1-AI067183-02]; DTRA [YY0001_07_RD_PP_B]; [1UC1-AI067183-02]; [Y1-AI-2663-01] FX We thank Neil Coffield, Christin Kiesner, Matthew Joselyn, and Andrew Wells for expert technical assistance. We also thank Diana Fisher for help with the statistical analysis. Housing and care of animals was carried out in accordance with the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animals Animal Care standards. The research described herein was supported by NIH grant 5-UC1-AI067183-02, DTRA project YY0001_07_RD_PP_B, and 1UC1-AI067183-02 Interagency Agreement Amendment Y1-AI-2663-01. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the U.S. Army or the Department of Defense. NR 71 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 11 PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 494 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.133 PG 18 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 559YS UT WOS:000274869300028 PM 19833247 ER PT J AU Salerno-Goncalves, R Hepburn, MJ Bavari, S Sztein, MB AF Salerno-Goncalves, Rosangela Hepburn, Matthew J. Bavari, Sina Sztein, Marcelo B. TI Generation of heterogeneous memory T cells by live attenuated tularemia vaccine in humans SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE T cells; Bacteria; Vaccination ID FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; TYPHOID VACCINE; MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; VIRAL-INFECTION; CUTTING EDGE; IN-VIVO; EFFECTOR; RESPONSES; EXPRESSION; ANTIGEN AB There is very limited evidence concerning the phenotype, function. and homing characteristics of memory T (T(M)) cells elicited by vaccination against intracellular bacteria in humans Here we studied T(M) subsets elicited by exposure to Francisella tularensis in humans as a model of immunity to intracellular. bacteria. To this end. T(M) cells were evaluated in two groups (1) subjects immunized with live attenuated tularemia vaccine by skin scarification and (2) tularemia naturally infected subjects In both groups the immune responses were mediated by CD4(+) and CD8(+) effector T(M) cells, mostly CD45RA(-)CD62L(-) and CD45RA(+)CD62L(-) Based on the expression of CD27. integrins alpha(4)/beta(1). and alpha(4)/beta(1), it is likely that some of these T(M) cells have lytic potential and the ability to enter both mucosal and non-mucosal sites Thus, regardless of whether by immunization or natural exposure. tularemia antigens elicited a broad spectrum of specific T(M) subsets with diverse homing characteristics (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Salerno-Goncalves, Rosangela; Sztein, Marcelo B.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Hepburn, Matthew J.; Bavari, Sina] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Hepburn, Matthew J.; Bavari, Sina] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Salerno-Goncalves, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, 685 W Baltimore St,HSF 1,Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU NIAID; NIH; DHHS [NO1 A130028] FX This work was Supported, in part, by NIAID. NIH, DHHS federal research contract NO1 A130028 (Immunology Research Unit (IRU) of the Food and Water Borne Diseases Integrated Research Network (FWD-IRN)) to M. Sztein. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 195 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.100 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 559YR UT WOS:000274869200025 PM 19799845 ER PT J AU Emelie, PY Phillips, JD Velicu, S Wijewarnasuriya, PS AF Emelie, P. Y. Phillips, J. D. Velicu, S. Wijewarnasuriya, P. S. TI Parameter extraction of HgCdTe infrared photodiodes exhibiting Auger suppression SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Frontiers in Semiconductor-Based Devices Symposium held in Honor of Pallab Bhattacharya CY DEC 06-07, 2009 CL Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI HO Univ Michigan ID NONEQUILIBRIUM OPERATION; HG1-XCDXTE; TEMPERATURE; DETECTORS AB In this work, finite element methods are used to obtain self-consistent, steady-state solutions of Poisson's equation and the carrier continuity equations. Experimental dark current-voltage characteristics between 120 and 300 K of HgCdTe Auger-suppressed photodiodes with cutoff wavelength of lambda(c) = 10 mu m at 120 K are fitted using numerical simulations. Fitting parameters used include the overlap integral |F(1)F(2)| found to vary from 0.29 at 120 K down to 0.20 at 300 K and the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) characteristic lifetime found to be of the order of 10(-7) s at all temperatures. Based on this fitting, negative differential resistance observed in the experimental data is attributed to full suppression of Auger-1 processes and partial suppression of Auger-7 processes. Leakage current induced by traps and impurities in the material causing SRH recombination is found to limit the saturation current after Auger suppression. C1 [Emelie, P. Y.; Phillips, J. D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Velicu, S.] EPIR Technol, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. [Wijewarnasuriya, P. S.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Emelie, PY (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM pyemelie@umich.edu RI Phillips, Jamie/E-9394-2010 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 23 AR 234003 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/42/23/234003 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 520ON UT WOS:000271855000007 ER PT J AU Kudenov, MW Jungwirth, MEL Dereniak, EL Gerhart, GR AF Kudenov, Michael W. Jungwirth, Matthew E. L. Dereniak, Eustace L. Gerhart, Grant R. TI White light Sagnac interferometer for snapshot linear polarimetric imaging SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID COMPACT AB The theoretical and experimental demonstration of a dispersion-compensated polarization Sagnac interferometer (DCPSI) is presented. An application of the system is demonstrated by substituting the uniaxial crystal-based Savart plate (SP) in K. Oka's original snapshot polarimeter implementation with a DCPSI. The DCPSI enables the generation of an achromatic fringe field in white-light, yielding significantly more radiative throughput than the original quasi-monochromatic SP polarimeter. Additionally, this interferometric approach offers an alternative to the crystal SP, enabling the use of standard reflective or transmissive materials. Advantages are anticipated to be greatest in the thermal infrared, where uniaxial crystals are rare and the at-sensor radiance is often low when compared to the visible spectrum. First, the theoretical operating principles of the Savart plate polarimeter and a standard polarization Sagnac interferometer polarimeter are provided. This is followed by the theoretical and experimental development of the DCPSI, created through the use of two blazed diffraction gratings. Outdoor testing of the DCPSI is also performed, demonstrating the ability to detect either the S-2 and S-3, or the S-1 and S-2 Stokes parameters in white-light. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Kudenov, Michael W.; Jungwirth, Matthew E. L.; Dereniak, Eustace L.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Kudenov, MW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, 1630 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 7 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 25 BP 22520 EP 22534 DI 10.1364/OE.17.022520 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 532PG UT WOS:000272761300028 PM 20052177 ER PT J AU Chen, RR Li, HX Chu, D Wang, GF AF Chen, Rongrong Li, Haixia Chu, Deryn Wang, Guofeng TI Unraveling Oxygen Reduction Reaction Mechanisms on Carbon-Supported Fe-Phthalocyanine and Co-Phthalocyanine Catalysts in Alkaline Solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; FUEL-CELLS; GRAPHITE-ELECTRODES; PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; IRON PHTHALOCYANINE; O-2 REDUCTION; ELECTROREDUCTION; SURFACE; COBALT AB In this work, we combine electrochemical measurements, such as the rotating disk electrode (RDE) and the rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) techniques, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the mechanisms of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on carbon-supported Fe-phthalocyanine (FePc/C) and Co-phthalocyanine (CoPc/C) catalysts in 0.1 M NaOH solutions. The onset potential for ORR on FePc/C catalyst is found to be around 0.05 V vs. Hg/HgO in 0.1 M NaOH solutions, which is 100 mV more positive than that on CoPc/C. RDE and RRDE measurements show that the ORR mechanism is via a 4e(-) pathway on the FePc/C while it is through a 2e(-) pathway on the CoPc/C catalyst. The catalyst stability tests reveal that FePc is much less stable than CoPc under fuel cell cathode working conditions. Moreover, DFT calculations were performed to study the adsorption of O(2), H(2)O, OH, HOOH, and H(2)OO molecules on FePc and CoPc molecule catalysts. We conclude the following from Our theoretical and experimental results for the ORR on FePc/C and CoPc/C catalysts: (1) the lower the 0, adsorption energy, the higher the kinetics of the ORR will be; (2) the ORR pathways, 2e(-) or 4e(-), are mainly determined by the H(2)O(2) adsorption configurations; and (3) OH adsorption on the catalysts is considered to be an important factor to affect the catalyst stability. C1 [Chen, Rongrong; Li, Haixia; Wang, Guofeng] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis, Richard G Lugar Ctr Renewable Energy, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Chu, Deryn] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Wang, Guofeng] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis, Dept Mech Engn, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Chen, RR (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis, Richard G Lugar Ctr Renewable Energy, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rochen@iupui.edu; wang83@iupui.edu RI dong, guofa/D-5248-2011; li, Haixia/B-9937-2012 FU U.S. Army Research Lab [W911NF-07-2-0036] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Lab (Grant No: W911NF-07-2-0036). NR 45 TC 175 Z9 175 U1 37 U2 201 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 3 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 48 BP 20689 EP 20697 DI 10.1021/jp906408y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 522ZJ UT WOS:000272038600025 ER PT J AU Rerks-Ngarm, S Pitisuttithum, P Nitayaphan, S Kaewkungwal, J Chiu, J Paris, R Premsri, N Namwat, C de Souza, M Adams, E Benenson, M Gurunathan, S Tartaglia, J McNeil, JG Francis, DP Stablein, D Birx, DL Chunsuttiwat, S Khamboonruang, C Thongcharoen, P Robb, ML Michael, NL Kunasol, P Kim, JH AF Rerks-Ngarm, Supachai Pitisuttithum, Punnee Nitayaphan, Sorachai Kaewkungwal, Jaranit Chiu, Joseph Paris, Robert Premsri, Nakorn Namwat, Chawetsan de Souza, Mark Adams, Elizabeth Benenson, Michael Gurunathan, Sanjay Tartaglia, Jim McNeil, John G. Francis, Donald P. Stablein, Donald Birx, Deborah L. Chunsuttiwat, Supamit Khamboonruang, Chirasak Thongcharoen, Prasert Robb, Merlin L. Michael, Nelson L. Kunasol, Prayura Kim, Jerome H. CA MOPH-TAVEG Investigators TI Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to Prevent HIV-1 Infection in Thailand SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; RECOMBINANT GLYCOPROTEIN-120 VACCINE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CANARYPOX VACCINE; PHASE-I/II; SUBTYPE-E; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY; HIV-1-UNINFECTED ADULTS; CANDIDATE VACCINE AB BACKGROUND The development of a safe and effective vaccine against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is critical to pandemic control. METHODS In a community-based, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial, we evaluated four priming injections of a recombinant canarypox vector vaccine (ALVAC-HIV [vCP1521]) plus two booster injections of a recombinant glycoprotein 120 subunit vaccine (AIDSVAX B/E). The vaccine and placebo injections were administered to 16,402 healthy men and women between the ages of 18 and 30 years in Rayong and Chon Buri provinces in Thailand. The volunteers, primarily at heterosexual risk for HIV infection, were monitored for the coprimary end points: HIV-1 infection and early HIV-1 viremia, at the end of the 6-month vaccination series and every 6 months thereafter for 3 years. RESULTS In the intention-to-treat analysis involving 16,402 subjects, there was a trend toward the prevention of HIV-1 infection among the vaccine recipients, with a vaccine efficacy of 26.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], -4.0 to 47.9; P = 0.08). In the per-protocol analysis involving 12,542 subjects, the vaccine efficacy was 26.2% (95% CI, -13.3 to 51.9; P = 0.16). In the modified intention-to-treat analysis involving 16,395 subjects (with the exclusion of 7 subjects who were found to have had HIV-1 infection at baseline), the vaccine efficacy was 31.2% (95% CI, 1.1 to 52.1; P = 0.04). Vaccination did not affect the degree of viremia or the CD4+ T-cell count in subjects in whom HIV-1 infection was subsequently diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS This ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E vaccine regimen may reduce the risk of HIV infection in a community-based population with largely heterosexual risk. Vaccination did not affect the viral load or CD4+ count in subjects with HIV infection. Although the results show only a modest benefit, they offer insight for future research. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00223080.) C1 [Robb, Merlin L.; Michael, Nelson L.; Kim, Jerome H.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Rerks-Ngarm, Supachai; Paris, Robert; Namwat, Chawetsan; Chunsuttiwat, Supamit; Khamboonruang, Chirasak; Thongcharoen, Prasert; Kunasol, Prayura] Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Pitisuttithum, Punnee] Mahidol Univ, Vaccine Trials Ctr, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Kaewkungwal, Jaranit] Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Data Management Unit, Bangkok, Thailand. [Chiu, Joseph; Paris, Robert; de Souza, Mark; Benenson, Michael] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, US Army Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Adams, Elizabeth] NIAID, Div Aids, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gurunathan, Sanjay; Tartaglia, Jim; McNeil, John G.] Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA USA. [Francis, Donald P.] Global Solut Infect Dis, San Francisco, CA USA. [Stablein, Donald] Emmes Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [Birx, Deborah L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kim, Jerome H.] US Army Med Mat Dev Act, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM jkim@hivresearch.org FU U. S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command [Y1-AI-2642-12]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Y1-AI-2642-12]; Henry M. Jackson Foundation [W81XWH-07-2-0067]; U. S. Department of Defense [W81XWH-07-2-0067] FX Supported in part by an Interagency Agreement (Y1-AI-2642-12) between the U. S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and by a cooperative agreement (W81XWH-07-2-0067) between the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine and the U. S. Department of Defense. Sanofi Pasteur provided the ALVAC-HIV vaccine, and Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases (VaxGen) provided the reagents for the immunogenicity assays. NR 48 TC 1472 Z9 1500 U1 20 U2 137 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 3 PY 2009 VL 361 IS 23 BP 2209 EP 2220 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0908492 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 525ZM UT WOS:000272257100004 PM 19843557 ER PT J AU Dutta, S Sullivan, JS Grady, KK Haynes, JD Komisar, J Batchelor, AH Soisson, L Diggs, CL Heppner, DG Lanar, DE Collins, WE Barnwell, JW AF Dutta, Sheetij Sullivan, JoAnn S. Grady, Katharine K. Haynes, J. David Komisar, Jack Batchelor, Adrian H. Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter L. Heppner, D. Gray Lanar, David E. Collins, William E. Barnwell, John W. TI High Antibody Titer against Apical Membrane Antigen-1 Is Required to Protect against Malaria in the Aotus Model SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INSTITUTE-OF-RESEARCH; BLOOD-STAGE MALARIA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; VACCINE CANDIDATE; MONKEYS; IMMUNOGENICITY; INVASION; SAFETY; AMA-1; CHILDREN AB A Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain Apical Membrane Antigen-1 (AMA1) vaccine, formulated with AS02A adjuvant, slowed parasite growth in a recent Phase 1/2a trial, however sterile protection was not observed. We tested this AS02A, and a Montanide ISA720 (ISA) formulation of 3D7 AMA1 in Aotus monkeys. The 3D7 parasite does not invade Aotus erythrocytes, hence two heterologous strains, FCH/4 and FVO, were used for challenge, FCH/4 AMA1 being more homologous to 3D7 than FVO AMA1. Following three vaccinations, the monkeys were challenged with 50,000 FCH/4 or 10,000 FVO parasites. Three of the six animals in the AMA+ISA group were protected against FCH/4 challenge. One monkey did not become parasitemic, another showed only a short period of low level parasitemia that self-cured, and a third animal showed a delay before exhibiting its parasitemic phase. This is the first protection shown in primates with a recombinant P. falciparum AMA1 without formulation in Freund's complete adjuvant. No animals in the AMA+AS02(A) group were protected, but this group exhibited a trend towards reduced growth rate. A second group of monkeys vaccinated with AMA+ISA vaccine was not protected against FVO challenge, suggesting strain-specificity of AMA1-based protection. Protection against FCH/4 strain correlated with the quantity of induced antibodies, as the protected animals were the only ones to have in vitro parasite growth inhibitory activity of > 70% at 1:10 serum dilution; immuno-fluorescence titers.8,000; ELISA titers against full-length AMA1 > 300,000 and ELISA titer against AMA1 domains1+2 > 100,000. A negative correlation between log ELISA titer and day 11 cumulative parasitemia (Spearman rank r = 20.780, p value = 0.0001), further confirmed the relationship between antibody titer and protection. High titers of cross-strain inhibitory antibodies against AMA1 are therefore critical to confer solid protection, and the Aotus model can be used to down-select future AMA1 formulations, prior to advanced human trials. C1 [Dutta, Sheetij; Batchelor, Adrian H.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Epitope Mapping, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sullivan, JoAnn S.; Grady, Katharine K.; Collins, William E.; Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Haynes, J. David; Komisar, Jack; Heppner, D. Gray; Lanar, David E.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Dutta, S (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Epitope Mapping, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM sheetij.dutta@us.army.mil; wzb3@cdc.gov RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 FU U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) FX Funding for this work was provided by U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Malaria Vaccine Development Program. Two of the authors on the paper, CLD and LS, are USAID representatives and were involved in the planning phase of this study. NR 37 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 3 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 12 AR e8138 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008138 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 533MW UT WOS:000272829000002 PM 19997632 ER PT J AU Lighthart, B Shaffer, BT Frisch, AS Paterno, D AF Lighthart, Bruce Shaffer, Brenda T. Frisch, A. Shelby Paterno, Dorothea TI Atmospheric culturable bacteria associated with meteorological conditions at a summer-time site in the mid-Willamette Valley, Oregon SO AEROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Airborne; Bacteria; Atmospheric; Concentration; Principal component analysis; Cluster analysis ID AIRBORNE BACTERIA; DIVERSE; URBAN AB A set of simultaneously collected quantitative measurements of 12 meteorological and 6 culturable atmospheric bacterial (CAB) variables was made over a grass seed field during several early, mid, and late summer days. The observation site was located between the Cascade and Coastal Mountain Ranges near Corvallis in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Principal component analysis identified those meteorological variables that had the highest loadings in six eigenvectors that account for 95.9% of variation in the data factors, i.e., temperature @ 6.3 m above ground level (AGL), wind velocity @ 10.0 m AGL, wind velocity difference @ 1.7-10.0 m, barometric pressure, wind direction standard deviation, and wind direction. When these variables were used in a cluster analysis, they formed three statistically distinct meteorological variable clusters with means at ca. "midnight'', ca. "midday'', and ca. "evening.'' The highest mean density of CAB (i.e., 153.4 +/- 162.5 CFU/m(3)) was associated with the "midday'' meteorological Cluster-1 that had warm, dry "gentle breezes'' from the southeast, in the relatively bacteria loaded Willamette Valley air. The lowest mean density of CAB (i.e., 35.5 +/- 24.1 CFU/m(3)) was associated with meteorological Cluster-3 in the late afternoon and "evening'' occurring during the hottest and driest part of the day with "fresh breezes'' coming from the north northwest in air off the Pacific Ocean. Finally, the last cluster, Cluster-2 occurred about midnight and had an intermediate density of CAB (74.2 +/- 76.2 CFU/m(3)) in "light air'' coming from the northwest, perhaps off the Pacific Ocean. The CAB associated with each of the three meteorological clusters was only partially statistically distinct. Partially because the CAB in both the Pacific Ocean derived air masses of the "evening'' Cluster-3 and "midnight'' Cluster-2 were not statically separable, though both were statistically separable from the midday, Willamette Valley derived Cluster-1. Further indicating their common source, both Pacific Ocean derived air masses had very similar percentages of pigmented bacteria, which were dissimilar to the pigmented bacterial population density in the Willamette Valley air masses. In short, it is speculated that "midnight'' atmosphere may simply contain the settling concentrated residual bacterial particles in the abated fresh Pacific Ocean breezes after sundown. It is clearly shown that with the methods employed, it is possible to associate the uniqueness of the quantity, and to a lesser extent the quality, of the CAB population with the atmospheric conditions reported herein. From this project comes speculation that the strategies relating the quasi-conservative bacterial populations associated with distinct but nonconservative air mass properties can help to better understand more of the bacterial dynamics found in such situations. And to a further extent, molecular biological methods could be applied to identify bacterial taxa in specific air masses. C1 [Shaffer, Brenda T.] US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Frisch, A. Shelby] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Paterno, Dorothea] R&T US ARMY, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Lighthart, B (reprint author), 10975 Doll Rd, Monmouth, OR 97361 USA. EM Bruce@Lighthart.us NR 24 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-5965 J9 AEROBIOLOGIA JI Aerobiologia PD DEC PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1007/s10453-009-9133-7 PG 11 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511UW UT WOS:000271197300009 ER PT J AU Lentine, KL Xiao, HL Brennan, DC Schnitzler, MA Villines, TC Abbott, KC Axelrod, D Snyder, JJ Hauptman, PJ AF Lentine, Krista L. Xiao, Huiling Brennan, Daniel C. Schnitzler, Mark A. Villines, Todd C. Abbott, Kevin C. Axelrod, David Snyder, Jon J. Hauptman, Paul J. TI The impact of kidney transplantation on heart failure risk varies with candidate body mass index SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; LEFT-VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT; SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION; DIALYSIS PATIENTS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; OBESITY; OUTCOMES; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background The relationship of body mass index (BMI) with heart failure (HF) risk before and after kidney transplant is not well described. Methods We examined United States Renal Data System records for 67,591 kidney transplant candidates (1995-2004) with Medicare insurance and BMI data at listing. Heart failure diagnoses were ascertained from Medicare billing claims. Body mass index was categorized per World Health Organization criteria. We modeled time-dependent associations (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR) of transplant with HF risk after listing compared with waiting in each BMI group by multivariable, stratified Cox regression. The time-dependent exposure variables partitioned relative risk of HF after transplant versus waiting into early (<= 90 days) and late (> 90 days) posttransplant periods. Results The BMI distribution of listed candidates was as follows: 3.7% under, 40.4% normal, 32.0% over, 16.2% obese, and 7.7% morbidly obese weight. The prevalence of HF among patients awaiting transplant reached 57.4% by 3 years. Deceased-donor transplant was associated with increased early HF risk compared with continued waiting-aHRs ranged from 2.23 for normal-BMI to 2.82 for morbidly obese patients. However, transplant reduced the risk of HF in the late posttransplant period from 54% (aHR 0.46) in normal-BMI to 32% (aHR 0.68) for morbidly obese patients. Relative benefits were largest for normal-weight candidates who received live-donor transplants (aHR 0.31). Conclusions Heart failure risk improves in obese patients in the long term after kidney transplant, but not as much as for nonobese patients. There is need for close monitoring and for new strategies to reduce HF risk in obese patients before and after transplant. (Am Heart J 2009; 158: 972-82.) C1 [Lentine, Krista L.; Xiao, Huiling; Schnitzler, Mark A.; Hauptman, Paul J.] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Outcomes Res, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. [Lentine, Krista L.] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Div Nephrol, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. [Brennan, Daniel C.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Nephrol, St Louis, MO USA. [Villines, Todd C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Abbott, Kevin C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Axelrod, David] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Hanover, NH USA. [Snyder, Jon J.] Minneapolis Med Res Fdn Inc, Chron Dis Res Grp, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Hauptman, Paul J.] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. RP Lentine, KL (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Outcomes Res, Salus Ctr 2nd Floor,3545 Lafayette Ave, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM lentine.krista@stanfordalumni.org OI Villines, Todd/0000-0003-2674-3702; Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [K08 DK073036, K08 DK073036-04, P30 DK079333] NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 158 IS 6 BP 972 EP 982 DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.10.009 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 536NM UT WOS:000273051100013 PM 19958864 ER PT J AU Young, PE Ray, QP Hwang, I Kikendall, JW Gentry, AB Skopic, A Cash, BD AF Young, Patrick E. Ray, Quentin P. Hwang, Inku Kikendall, James W. Gentry, Andrew B. Skopic, Amer Cash, Brooks D. TI Gastroenterologists' Interpretation of CTC: A Pilot Study Demonstrating Feasibility and Similar Accuracy Compared With Radiologists' Interpretation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC COLONOGRAPHY; EXTRACOLONIC FINDINGS; VIRTUAL COLONOSCOPY; PREVALENCE; POPULATION AB OBJECTIVES: Computed tomography colonography (CTC) is an emerging colon cancer screening modality that has the potential to increase adherence to current screening recommendations. Traditionally, the interpretation of CTC has been limited to radiologists. As the technology of CTC has developed, three-dimensional endoluminal fly-through images have largely replaced two-dimensional CT images as the primary reading modality. Such a display is a realistic corollary to the endoscopic view obtained during colonoscopy. Our study sought to determine whether gastroenterologists could interpret the colonic display of CTC with an accuracy similar to that of trained radiologists. METHODS: Three board-certified gastroenterologists and four gastroenterology fellows in various stages of training interpreted a mean of 45 CTCs (range: 30-50) in which colonoscopy had also been performed. Before reading any cases, each reader underwent CTC interpretation training with an experienced CTC radiologist. After interpreting each CTC, the gastroenterologist had access to both the original radiology interpretation of the CTC and the corresponding colonoscopy results. Outcomes included accuracy of the gastroenterologists' interpretation, time required for CTC interpretation, evidence of learning, and the level of diagnostic agreement between gastroenterologists and radiologists. RESULTS: Gastroenterologist readers identified polyps >= 6 mm on CTC with a mean sensitivity and specificity of 83.5% (67-100%) and 78.8% (69-100%), respectively. Corresponding values for polyps >= 8 mm were 83.8% (68-100%) and 74% (30-93%), respectively, and those for polyps >= 10 mm were 87.8% (67-100%) and 85.2% (60-94%), respectively. Overall, 83% (5 of 6) of gastroenterologists achieved kappa scores >= 0.60, suggesting good agreement with radiologists; 66% achieved kappa >= 0.75. There was a direct relationship between diagnostic accuracy and level of gastroenterology training, with third-year fellows being nearly as accurate as the attendings. The average gastroenterologist CTC reading time was 18.4 min (range: 11.2-25.6). CONCLUSIONS: The gastroenterologists in this study were able to read CTCs with an accuracy that approaches that of radiologists. The level of training affected the accuracy of CTC interpretation by the gastroenterologist. Average gastroenterologist CTC interpretation times in this study were similar to recommended colonoscopy times. Further studies are warranted to determine whether gastroenterologists are able to interpret CTCs independently in clinical practice. C1 [Young, Patrick E.; Ray, Quentin P.; Kikendall, James W.; Gentry, Andrew B.; Skopic, Amer; Cash, Brooks D.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Hwang, Inku] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Washington, DC USA. RP Young, PE (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bldg 9,1st Fl, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM Patrick.young2@.med.navy.mil NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 104 IS 12 BP 2926 EP 2931 DI 10.1038/ajg.2009.452 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 529XQ UT WOS:000272553100008 PM 19672252 ER PT J AU Barnes, BR Szelenyi, ER Warren, GL Urso, ML AF Barnes, Brian R. Szelenyi, Eric R. Warren, Gordon L. Urso, Maria L. TI Alterations in mRNA and protein levels of metalloproteinases-2,-9, and-14 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 responses to traumatic skeletal muscle injury SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extracellular matrix; freeze injury; membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase; shedding; gene expression ID STEM CELL ACTIVATION; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; GROWTH-FACTOR; I COLLAGEN; SATELLITE CELLS; MMP-2 ACTIVITY; MEMBRANE; EXPRESSION; MT1-MMP AB Barnes BR, Szelenyi ER, Warren GL, Urso ML. Alterations in mRNA and protein levels of metalloproteinases-2, -9, and -14 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 responses to traumatic skeletal muscle injury. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 297: C1501-C1508, 2009. First published September 30, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00217.2009.-This study characterizes the temporal relationship of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) expression in skeletal muscle following injury. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from 60 mice were exposed and injured by applying a cold steel probe (-79 degrees C) to the muscle for 10 s. Thereafter, TA muscles from uninjured and injured legs were collected at 3, 10, 24, 48, and 72 h postinjury for analysis of local MT1-MMP, TIMP-2, and matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) mRNA and protein content via quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, zymography, and immunofluorescence. All data are expressed as fold change of injured leg vs. uninjured leg. MT1-MMP mRNA levels were decreased significantly at 48 and 72 h postinjury by similar to 9- and 21-fold, respectively (P < 0.01). Both TIMP-2 and MMP-2 mRNA expression significantly decreased in the injured leg by similar to 4- to 10-fold at 10-72 h postinjury (P < 0.01). MMP-9 mRNA expression was significantly increased at 10, 24, and 48 h postinjury by 6- (P < 0.05), 25-, and 12-fold (P < 0.01), respectively. Protein content of latent (63 kDa) MT1-MMP was decreased at 48 and 72 h postinjury by similar to 2-fold (P < 0.01). Content of the soluble (50 kDa) fragment of MT1-MMP was significantly increased by similar to 17-, 25-, and 67-fold at 24 (P < 0.05), 48, and 72 h (P < 0.01) postinjury, respectively. TIMP-2 protein levels diminished from 3 to 48 h postinjury by 1.5-fold to 1.8-fold (P < 0.01), before returning to baseline levels at 72 h postinjury. Zymography revealed visual increases in gelatinase activity in molecular weight regions corresponding to MMP-9 and MMP-2. In conclusion, skeletal muscle injury initiates a sequence of events in the MT1-MMP proteolytic cascade resulting in elevated levels of the soluble (50 kDa) fragment of MT1-MMP, which could enhance pericellular extracellular matrix remodeling. C1 [Barnes, Brian R.; Szelenyi, Eric R.; Urso, Maria L.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Warren, Gordon L.] Georgia State Univ, Div Phys Therapy, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Barnes, BR (reprint author), Arteriocyte Med Syst Clin Affairs, 45 South St, Hopkinton, MA 01762 USA. EM bbarnes@arteriocyte.com RI Warren, Gordon/A-9794-2008; OI Warren, Gordon/0000-0002-7073-8524; Urso, Maria/0000-0001-8906-4673 FU In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program (ILIR) FX This research was funded by an In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program (ILIR). NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 297 IS 6 BP C1501 EP C1508 DI 10.1152/ajpcell.00217.2009 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 524PV UT WOS:000272156100019 PM 19794148 ER PT J AU Hawksworth, JS Stojadinovic, A Gage, FA Tadaki, DK Perdue, PW Forsberg, J Davis, TA Dunne, JR Denobile, JW Brown, TS Elster, EA AF Hawksworth, Jason S. Stojadinovic, Alexander Gage, Frederick A. Tadaki, Doug K. Perdue, Philip W. Forsberg, Jonathan Davis, Thomas A. Dunne, James R. Denobile, John W. Brown, Trevor S. Elster, Eric A. TI Inflammatory Biomarkers in Combat Wound Healing SO ANNALS OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; EXTREMITY WOUNDS; ENDURING FREEDOM; INJURIES; FAILURE; BLAST; INTERLEUKIN-6; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION AB Background: Modem war ballistics and blast injuries inflict devastating extremity injuries, violating soft tissue, bone, and neurovascular structures. Despite advances in complex wound management, appropriate timing of war wound closure remains subjective. In addition, the pathophysiology of acute wound failure is poorly defined. Methods: Patients with penetrating extremity wounds sustained during combat were prospectively studied and followed for 30 days after definitive wound closure. The primary outcome was wound healing. Wound dehiscence was defined as spontaneous partial or complete wound disruption after closure. Serum, wound effluent, and wound bed tissue biopsy were collected at each surgical wound debridement. Serum and wound effluent were analyzed with a multiplex array of 22 cytokines and chemokines, and wound tissue for corresponding gene transcript expression. Results: Fifty-two penetrating extremity war wounds in 33 male patients were investigated. Nine (17%) wounds dehisced. Concomitant vascular injury, increased wound size, and higher injury severity score correlated with wound dehiscence. Both serum and wound effluent cytokine and chemokine protein profiles were statistically associated with healing outcome at various time points. Wound biopsy gene transcript expression demonstrated increased tissue inflammation associated with wound failure. Multiple protein and gene transcript biomarkers predictive of wound healing were identified. Conclusions: The cytokine and chemokine protein and gene transcript expression patterns demonstrate a condition of inflammatory dysregulation associated with war wound failure. A molecular biomarker panel may predict combat wound healing outcome and warrants prospective validation. C1 [Hawksworth, Jason S.; Gage, Frederick A.; Tadaki, Doug K.; Forsberg, Jonathan; Davis, Thomas A.; Brown, Trevor S.; Elster, Eric A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Regenerat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hawksworth, Jason S.; Stojadinovic, Alexander] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Stojadinovic, Alexander; Forsberg, Jonathan; Elster, Eric A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Perdue, Philip W.; Dunne, James R.; Denobile, John W.; Elster, Eric A.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. [Forsberg, Jonathan] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Bethesda, MD USA. [Forsberg, Jonathan] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC USA. RP Elster, EA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Regenerat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM eric.elster@med.navy.mil FU US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery [PE 0604771N] FX Supported (in part) by the US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery under the Medical Development Program (PE 0604771N). Office of Naval Research work unit number 604771N.0933.001.A0604. NR 36 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-4932 J9 ANN SURG JI Ann. Surg. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 250 IS 6 BP 1002 EP 1007 DI 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181b248d9 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 526SM UT WOS:000272313700023 PM 19953718 ER PT J AU Coburn, W Ly, C Burcham, T Harris, R Bamba, A AF Coburn, William Ly, Canh Burcham, Timothy Harris, Russell Bamba, Amid TI Design and Fabrication of an Axial Mode Helical Antenna SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Helical antenna; circular polarization; fiberglass; Method of Moments; FEKO AB Given generalized requirements for a medium gain circularly polarized (CP) antenna we design and fabricate an axial mode helical antenna. This well known antenna has a relatively wide (1.7:1) bandwidth with gain proportional to the overall length. The antenna and ground plane diameters are determined by the chosen center frequency of operation. We evaluate the antenna design using FEKO electromagnetic simulation software for a center frequency of 700 MHz. We then fabricate one prototype with center metal rod support and foam core as in the conventional construction. We also desire a hollow core variant and use fiberglass to support the helical antenna. We present the measured results for these two types of construction compared to model results. Although the helical antenna embedded in fiberglass is a very rugged design it also involves sufficient dielectric loading to shift the antenna bandwidth to lower frequencies. C1 [Coburn, William; Ly, Canh; Burcham, Timothy; Harris, Russell; Bamba, Amid] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Coburn, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM wcoburn@arl.army.mil; ly@arl.army.mil; burcham@arl.army.mil; rharris@arl.army.mil; amid.bamba@arl.army.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOC PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 559 EP 566 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 572DU UT WOS:000275808300004 ER PT J AU Dong, JW Zaghloul, AI Sun, RS Reddy, CJ Weiss, SJ AF Dong, Junwei Zaghloul, Amir I. Sun, Rensheng Reddy, C. J. Weiss, Steven J. TI Rotman Lens Amplitude, Phase, and Pattern Evaluations by Measurements and Full Wave Simulations SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Microstrip Lens; Rotman Lens; MoM; FEKO; Mutual Coupling AB Microwave lens' performance is depicted by several parameters such as phase error, amplitude taper, and array scan pattern etc. For decades, these parameters have been estimated by the geometry optics method that does not capture the mutual couplings within the lens geometry. Full wave simulation toolkits to conduct EM prediction are now available. However, using them to synthesize and optimize the electrical performance of Rotman lens is still relatively new. Several microwave lens full wave simulations have been attempted using different methods, such as FDTD, FEM, and FIT. They were reported from the perspectives of either phase or amplitude predictions at a single port or single frequency. However, the lens properties at multiple frequencies and for multiple beam ports using MoM have not been investigated. In this paper, we address such simulations using the planar Green's function in FEKO. The phase, amplitude and array factor across the frequency band for multiple beam ports are compared with the measured results, and their errors are evaluated. Prominent agreement between FEKO and measurement is demonstrated. The performance of a prototype lens is presented, followed by discussing few future aspects of lens optimization using full wave simulations. C1 [Dong, Junwei; Zaghloul, Amir I.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 22043 USA. [Sun, Rensheng; Reddy, C. J.] EM Software & Syst USA, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Zaghloul, Amir I.; Weiss, Steven J.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dong, JW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 22043 USA. EM djwei@vt.edu; amirz@vt.edu; ray@emssusa.com; cjreddy@emssusa.com; steven.weiss@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOC PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 567 EP 576 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 572DU UT WOS:000275808300005 ER PT J AU Weiss, S Coburn, K Kilic, O AF Weiss, Steven Coburn, Keefe Kilic, Ozlem TI FEKO Simulation of a Wedge Mounted Four Element Array Antenna SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE FEKO; EMPicasso; patch array; monopulse array; conformal antenna AB A four element patch array with main beam locations approaching endfire has been developed. The initial design was accomplished using EMAG's EMPicasso software. The array is intended to be used in a monopulse configuration on the sides of a wedge-like structure. As such, accurate estimations of the patterns need to be obtained when the antenna is mounted on the geometry of the wedge. These simulations were not possible with 2.5 dimensional software, such as EMPicasso (www.emagware.com). We present measured data as compared to simulations using FEKO (www.feko.info) software for the array on a wedge. C1 [Weiss, Steven; Coburn, Keefe; Kilic, Ozlem] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Weiss, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM sweiss@arl.army.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOC PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 577 EP 583 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 572DU UT WOS:000275808300006 ER PT J AU Levin, SW Baker, EH Gropman, A Quezado, Z Miao, N Zhang, ZJ Jollands, A Di Capua, M Caruso, R Mukherjee, AB AF Levin, Sondra W. Baker, Eva H. Gropman, Andrea Quezado, Zenaide Miao, Ning Zhang, Zhongjian Jollands, Alice Di Capua, Matteo Caruso, Rafael Mukherjee, Anil B. TI Subdural Fluid Collections in Patients With Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PALMITOYL-PROTEIN THIOESTERASE; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MRI EVALUATION; HEMATOMAS; CHILDHOOD; DRUGS AB Objective: To describe subdural fluid collections on magnetic resonance imaging as part of the natural history of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Design: Case series. Setting: Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, The Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Patients: Patients with infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis with subdural fluid collections. Main Outcome Measure: Neurodegeneration on magnetic resonance imaging. Results: During an ongoing bench-to-bedside clinical investigation, magnetic resonance imaging examinations led to the incidental discovery of subdural fluid collections in 4 of 9 patients with infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. No particular event (such as trauma) or change in symptoms was linked to this finding, which was already in the chronic phase when discovered. Of the 4 patients, I was followed up for 7 years, 2 for 4 years, and 1 for 2.5 years. Over time, these collections remained stable or decreased in size. Conclusion: Recognition that subdural fluid collections are part of the infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis disease process may obviate the necessity of additional workup as well as therapeutic interventions in these chronically sick children. C1 [Levin, Sondra W.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Baker, Eva H.; Mukherjee, Anil B.] NIH, Mark O Hatfield Clin Res Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Quezado, Zenaide; Miao, Ning] NIH, Dept Anesthesia & Surg Serv, Mark O Hatfield Clin Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gropman, Andrea] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Jollands, Alice] Ninewells Hosp, Dept Pediat Neurol, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland. [Di Capua, Matteo] Bambino Gesu Pediat Hosp, Div Child Neurol, Rome, Italy. [Caruso, Rafael] NEI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Mukherjee, AB (reprint author), NIH, Mark O Hatfield Clin Res Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bldg 10,Room 9D42,10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mukherja@exchange.nih.gov RI Quezado, Zenaide/O-4860-2016 OI Quezado, Zenaide/0000-0001-9793-4368 FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported in full by the intramural program of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 66 IS 12 BP 1567 EP 1571 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 529YB UT WOS:000272554200021 PM 20008666 ER PT J AU Shih, TM Skovira, JW McDonough, JH AF Shih, Tsung-Ming Skovira, Jacob W. McDonough, John H. TI Effects of 4-pyridine aldoxime on nerve agent-inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in guinea pigs SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acetylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase; Cyclosarin; Guinea pig; Methoxime; Organophosphorus compounds; Oximes; Pralidoxime; 4-Pyridine aldoxime; Sarin; VX ID OXIMES; REACTIVATION AB Methoxime (MMB-4) is a leading candidate oxime acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivator to replace pralidoxime (2-PAM) for therapeutic treatment of nerve agent intoxication. 4-Pyridine aldoxime (4-PA) is a synthetic starting material, a breakdown product, and a probable metabolite of MMB-4. There is a possibility that 4-PA may adversely interact with the nerve agent, thereby affecting nerve agent toxicity and biological AChE activity. This study evaluated the effects of 4-PA on sarin (GB)-, cyclosarin (GF)-, and VX-induced toxicity and AChE activity in blood, brain, and peripheral tissues of guinea pigs. Animals were pretreated with atropine methyl nitrate (1.0 mg/kg, im) 15 min prior to subcutaneous administration with 1.0x LD(50) of GB, GF, or VX and then treated 15 min after the administration of nerve agents with 4-PA (3.5, 7.0, or 14.0 mg/kg, im). The dose-response effects of 4-PA alone were also examined. Toxic signs and lethality were monitored, blood and tissues were collected, and AChE activities were determined at 60 min after nerve agent administration. Under the condition of this study, all animals exposed to nerve agents exhibited some degree of toxic signs such as salivation, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, and convulsions. 4-PA at the three doses tested neither induced toxic signs nor altered the toxicity of GB, GF, or VX at the 1.0x LD(50) exposure dose. Additionally, it did not modify the AChE activity in blood, brain, and peripheral tissues by itself or affect the AChE activity inhibited by a 1.0x LD(50) dose of these three nerve agents in guinea pigs. C1 [Shih, Tsung-Ming; Skovira, Jacob W.; McDonough, John H.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Pharmacol Branch,ATTN MCMR CDR P, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Shih, TM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Pharmacol Branch,ATTN MCMR CDR P, 3100 Ricketts Pt Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM tsungming.a.shih@us.army.mil FU Medical Identification and Treatment Systems Joint Product Management Office, U. S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command FX Excellent technical team work of John Guarisco, John O'Donnell, Anna Smelley, Kerry van Shura, Cindy Acon-Chen, Shelby Brooks, Jessica Chandler, Teresa Ferrara, Jeff Koenig, Megan Lyman, and Kristin Tarzia is acknowledged. This research was supported by the Medical Identification and Treatment Systems Joint Product Management Office, U. S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1083 EP 1089 DI 10.1007/s00204-009-0465-4 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 521KR UT WOS:000271920700006 PM 19763542 ER PT J AU Convertino, VA Rickards, CA Lurie, KG Ryan, KL AF Convertino, Victor A. Rickards, Caroline A. Lurie, Keith G. Ryan, Kathy L. TI Hyperventilation in Response to Progressive Reduction in Central Blood Volume to Near Syncope SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hemorrhagic shock; lower body negative pressure; hemodynamic decompensation; minute ventilation; respiratory rate; tidal volume ID ORGAN PERFUSION PRESSURES; BODY NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; CARDIAC-ARREST; CENTRAL HYPOVOLEMIA; NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT; OXYGEN-SATURATION; THRESHOLD DEVICE; RESPIRATORY RATE; EARLY PREDICTION; TRAUMA PATIENTS AB CONVERTINO VA, RICKARDS CA, LURIE KG, RYAN KL. Hyperventilation in response to progressive reduction in central blood volume to near syncope. Aviat Space Environ Med 2009; 80:1012-7. Introduction: There is little evidence to support the usefulness in monitoring respiration during casualty triage and transport as an early indicator of hemorrhage severity and trauma patient outcome. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that hyperventilation can be elicited by progressive reductions in central blood volume independent of metabolic stimuli. Methods: Progressive central hypovolemia was induced in 10 healthy subjects (5 men, 5 women) by applying lower body negative pressure (LBNP). The LBNP protocol consisted of a 5-min controlled rest period (0% LBNP) followed by progressive 5-min chamber decompressions Until the onset of hemodynamic decompensation (LBNP(max)). During each LBNP stage, total minute ventilation volume ((V) over dot(E)), tidal volume (V(T)), respiratory rate, oxygen uptake ((V) over dot(2)), end-tidal CO(2) (E(T)CO(2)), arterial oxygen saturation (S(p)O(2)), and venous blood pH and lactate were measured. Results: Compared with baseline, (V) over dotO(2), S(p)O(2), PO(2), PCO(2), pH, and lactate were unaltered throughout LBNP. (V) over dot(E) Was unaltered through 80% of LBNP tolerance, but increased by 54% during LBNP(max) as a result primarily of elevated V(T), while E(T)CO(2) was reduced. Conclusions: increased (V) over dot(E) at LBNP(max) combined with reduced E(T)CO(2) in the absence of changes in blood and systemic metabolic stimuli support the hypothesis that severe reductions in central blood volume drive hyperventilation. The endogenous "respiratory pump" may be a protective strategy to optimize cardiac filling in conditions of central hypovolemic hypotension, but its late appearance indicates that respiratory parameters may not be useful as a clinical metric for early prediction of patient outcome during hemorrhage. C1 [Convertino, Victor A.; Rickards, Caroline A.; Lurie, Keith G.; Ryan, Kathy L.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Convertino, VA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Bldg 3611,3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM victor.convertino@amedd.army.mil NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 80 IS 12 BP 1012 EP 1017 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2598.2009 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 530ZV UT WOS:000272632400003 PM 20027847 ER PT J AU Hu, X Lee, MS Wallqvist, A AF Hu, Xin Lee, Michael S. Wallqvist, Anders TI Interaction of the Disordered Yersinia Effector Protein YopE with Its Cognate Chaperone SycE SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID III SECRETION; BINDING; SYSTEM AB We describe an efficient approach to model the binding interaction of the disordered effector protein to its cognate chaperone in the type III secretion system (T3SS). Starting from de novo models, we generated ensembles of unfolded conformations of the Yersinia effector YopE using REMD simulations and docked them to the chaperone SycE using a multistep protein docking strategy. The predicted YopE/SycE complex was in good agreement with the experimental structure. The ability Of Our computational protocol to mimic the structural transition upon chaperone binding opens up the possibility Of Studying the underlying specificity of chaperone/effector interactions and devising strategies for interfering with T3SS transport. C1 [Hu, Xin; Lee, Michael S.; Wallqvist, Anders] USA, Biotechnol HPC Software Applicat Inst, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Lee, Michael S.] USA, Computat Sci & Engn Branch, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wallqvist, A (reprint author), USA, Biotechnol HPC Software Applicat Inst, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM awallqvist@bioanalysis.org OI wallqvist, anders/0000-0002-9775-7469 FU U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) FX This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP), under the High Performance Computing Software Applications Institutes (HSAI) initiative. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 47 BP 11158 EP 11160 DI 10.1021/bi9017347 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 521UV UT WOS:000271950900004 PM 19877667 ER PT J AU Szilvay, GR Blenner, MA Shur, O Cropek, DM Banta, S AF Szilvay, Geza R. Blenner, Mark A. Shur, Oren Cropek, Donald M. Banta, Scott TI A FRET-Based Method for Probing the Conformational Behavior of an Intrinsically Disordered Repeat Domain from Bordetella pertussis Adenylate Cyclase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; NATIVELY UNFOLDED PROTEINS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; CALCIUM; BINDING; TOXIN; DESIGN; MOTIF AB A better understanding of the conformational changes exhibited by intrinsically disordered proteins is necessary as we continue to unravel their myriad biological functions. In repeats in toxin (RTX) domains, calcium binding triggers the natively unstructured domain to adopt a beta roll structure. Here we present an in vitro Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based method for the investigation of the conformational behavior of all RTX domain from the Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase consisting of mile repeat units. Equilibrium and stopped-flow FRET between fluorescent proteins, attached to the termini of the domain, were measured in an analysis of the end-to-end distance changes in the RTX domain. The method was complemented with circular dichroism spectroscopy, tryptophan fluorescence, and bis-ANS dye binding. High ionic strength was observed to decrease the calcium affinity of the RTX domain. A truncation and single amino acid mutations yielded insights into the structural determinants of beta roll formation. Mutating the conserved Asp residue in one of the nine repeats significantly reduced the affinity of the domains for calcium ions. Removal of the sequences flanking the repeat domain prevented folding, but replacing them with fluorescent proteins restored the conformational behavior, suggesting an entropic stabilization. The FRET-based method is a useful technique that complements other low-resolution techniques for investigating the dynamic conformational behavior of the RTX domain and other intrinsically disordered protein domains. C1 [Szilvay, Geza R.; Blenner, Mark A.; Shur, Oren; Banta, Scott] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Cropek, Donald M.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Banta, S (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sbanta@cheme.columbia.edu RI Szilvay, Geza/G-3025-2014 OI Szilvay, Geza/0000-0002-2718-751X FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Academy of Finland; Alfred Kordelin Foundation FX This work was funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the Academy of Finland (G.R.S.), and the Alfred Kordelin Foundation (G. R. S.). NR 49 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 47 BP 11273 EP 11282 DI 10.1021/bi901447j PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 521UV UT WOS:000271950900016 PM 19860484 ER PT J AU Li, B Yoshii, T Hafeman, AE Nyman, JS Wenke, JC Guelcher, SA AF Li, Bing Yoshii, Toshitaka Hafeman, Andrea E. Nyman, Jeffry S. Wenke, Joseph C. Guelcher, Scott A. TI The effects of rhBMP-2 released from biodegradable polyurethane/microsphere composite scaffolds on new bone formation in rat femora SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE BMP (bone morphogenetic protein); Bone regeneration; Drug delivery; In vivo test; Polyurethane ID BETA-TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE; FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; IN-VITRO DEGRADATION; MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2; DRUG-RELEASE; LONG-TERM; DELIVERY; POLYURETHANES; REGENERATION; CELLS AB Scaffolds prepared from biodegradable polyurethanes (PUR) have been investigated as a supportive matrix and delivery system for skin, cardiovascular, and bone tissue engineering. While previous studies have suggested that PUR scaffolds are biocompatible and moderately osteoconductive, the effects of encapsulated osteoinductive molecules, such as recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2), on new bone formation have not been investigated for this class of biomaterials. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different rhBMP-2 release strategies on new bone formation in PUR scaffolds implanted in rat femoral plug defects. In the simplest approach, rhBMP-2 was added as a dry powder prior to the foaming reaction, which resulted in a burst release of 35% followed by a sustained release for 21 days. Encapsulation of rhBMP-2 in either 1.3-micron or 114-micron PLGA microspheres prior to the foaming reaction reduced the burst release. At 4 weeks post-implantation, all rhBMP-2 treatment groups enhanced new bone formation relative to the scaffolds without rhBMP-2. Scaffolds incorporating rhBMP-2 powder promoted the most extensive new bone formation, while scaffolds incorporating rhBMP-2 encapsulated in 1.3-micron microspheres, which exhibited the lowest burst release, promoted the least extensive new bone formation. Thus our observations suggest that an initial burst release followed by sustained release is better for promoting new bone formation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Bing; Hafeman, Andrea E.; Guelcher, Scott A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Li, Bing; Yoshii, Toshitaka; Hafeman, Andrea E.; Nyman, Jeffry S.; Guelcher, Scott A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Bone Biol, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Yoshii, Toshitaka; Nyman, Jeffry S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Nyman, Jeffry S.] Tennessee Valley Healthcare Syst, Dept Vet Affairs, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Wenke, Joseph C.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Regenerat Med Task Area, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Guelcher, SA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 2301 Vanderbilt Pl,VU Stn B 351604, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM bing.li@vanderbilt.edu; toshitaka.yoshii@vanderbilt.edu; andrea.e.hafeman@vanderbilt.edu; jeffry.s.nyman@Van-derbilt.Edu; joseph.wenke@us.army.mil; scott.guelcher@vanderbilt.edu RI li, bing/D-3775-2009; Nyman, Jeffry/L-5736-2013 FU Orthopaedic Trauma Research Program [DOD-W81XWH-07-1-0211]; Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine (sub-contract from the Rutgers-Cleveland Clinic Consortium [DOD-W81XWH-08-2-0034]; Vanderbilt University School of Engineering; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology FX This work was funded by the Orthopaedic Trauma Research Program (DOD-W81XWH-07-1-0211), the Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine (sub-contract from the Rutgers-Cleveland Clinic Consortium Award DOD-W81XWH-08-2-0034), Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, and the Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology. The authors also thank Professor Jeffrey Hollinger at Carnegie Mellon University for the gift of rhBMP-2. NR 52 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD DEC PY 2009 VL 30 IS 35 BP 6768 EP 6779 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.08.038 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 518BP UT WOS:000271665300010 PM 19762079 ER PT J AU Yenesew, A Twinomuhwezi, H Kabaru, JM Akala, HM Kiremire, BT Heydenreich, M Peter, MG Eyase, FL Waters, NC Walsh, DS AF Yenesew, Abiy Twinomuhwezi, Hannington Kabaru, Jacques M. Akala, Hoseah M. Kiremire, Bernard T. Heydenreich, Matthias Peter, Martin G. Eyase, Fredrick L. Waters, Norman C. Walsh, Douglas S. TI ANTIPLASMODIAL AND LARVICIDAL FLAVONOIDS FROM DERRIS TRIFOLIATA SO BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF ETHIOPIA LA English DT Article DE Derris trifoliata; Leguminosae; Flavanone; (S)-Lupinifolin 4 '-methyl ether; Lupinifolin; Antiplasmodial; Rotenoid; Larvicide; Aedes aegypti ID STEM BARK; FLAVANONES AB From the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract of the seed pods of Derris trifoliata, a new flavanone derivative (S)-lupinifolin 4'-methyl ether was isolated. In addition, the known flavonoids lupinifolin and rotenone were identified. The structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Lupinfolin showed moderate in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the D6 (chloroquine-sensitive) and W2 (chloroquine-resistant) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The different parts of this plant showed larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti and rotenoids were identified as the active principles. C1 [Yenesew, Abiy; Twinomuhwezi, Hannington] Univ Nairobi, Dept Chem, Nairobi, Kenya. [Twinomuhwezi, Hannington; Kiremire, Bernard T.] Makerere Univ, Dept Chem, Kampala, Uganda. [Kabaru, Jacques M.] Univ Nairobi, Sch Biol Sci, Nairobi, Kenya. [Akala, Hoseah M.; Eyase, Fredrick L.; Waters, Norman C.; Walsh, Douglas S.] USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, APO, AE 09831 USA. [Heydenreich, Matthias; Peter, Martin G.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Chem, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany. RP Yenesew, A (reprint author), Univ Nairobi, Dept Chem, POB 30197, Nairobi, Kenya. EM ayenesew@uonbi.ac.ke OI Heydenreich, Matthias/0000-0003-1639-4959 FU African Institute for Capacity Development (AICAD), Japan; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany [Pe 264/14-5]; Bundesministerium fuer Zusammenarbeit; [Pe-264/14-6] FX We acknowledge support by the African Institute for Capacity Development (AICAD), Japan, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany, Grant No. Pe 264/14-5 and by the Bundesministerium fuer Zusammenarbeit, Grant No. Pe-264/14-6. Mr. S.G. Mathenge is highly appreciated for the identification of the plant material. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU CHEM SOC ETHIOPIA PI ADDIS ABABA PA PO BOX 32934, ADDIS ABABA, 00, ETHIOPIA SN 1011-3924 J9 B CHEM SOC ETHIOPIA JI Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 536DZ UT WOS:000273024300010 ER PT J AU Wolf, SE AF Wolf, Steven E. TI The year in burns 2008 SO BURNS LA English DT Review DE Burn literature; Review; 2008 ID INTENSIVE INSULIN THERAPY; VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL INJURY; ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY; THERMAL-INJURIES; DRESSING CHANGES; NATIONAL SAMPLE; MORTALITY RISK; ADULT PATIENTS; SERUM-LEVELS; MAJOR BURNS AB For 2008, approximately 1200 original burn research articles were published in scientific journals using the English language. This article reviews those with the most impact on burn treatment according to the Editor of one of the major journals (Burns). As in the previous year's review, articles were divided into the following topic areas: epidemiology, wound characterisation, critical care physiology, inhalation injury, infection, metabolism and nutrition, psychological considerations, pain management, rehabilitation, and burn reconstruction. Each selected article is mentioned briefly with editorial comment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved. C1 [Wolf, Steven E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Wolf, Steven E.] USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Wolf, SE (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Surg, 7703 Floyd Curl, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM wolfs@uthscsa.edu OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0003-2972-3440 NR 96 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-4179 J9 BURNS JI Burns PD DEC PY 2009 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1057 EP 1070 DI 10.1016/j.burns.2009.09.001 PG 14 WC Critical Care Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 526UY UT WOS:000272321400001 PM 19854579 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Holmes, RL Ellis, MW Mende, K Wolf, SE McDougal, LK Guymon, CH Hospenthal, DR AF Murray, Clinton K. Holmes, Robert L. Ellis, Michael W. Mende, Katrin Wolf, Steven E. McDougal, Linda K. Guymon, Charles H. Hospenthal, Duane R. TI Twenty-five year epidemiology of invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates recovered at a burn center SO BURNS LA English DT Article DE Burn center; Epidemiology; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Antimicrobial susceptibility ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUCOCIDIN; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; WOUND INFECTIONS; USA300; CLONE; UNIT; VANCOMYCIN; EVOLUTION; STRAINS; HISTORY AB Over the past two decades, an epidemiologic emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections has occurred from that of primarily hospital-associated to community-associated. This emergence change has involved MRSA of different pulsed-field types (PFT), with different virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance patterns. in this study we, evaluate the changes in PFT and antimicrobial resistance epidemiology of invasive MRSA isolates over 25 years at a single burn unit. Isolates were tested by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and PCR for the virulence factors Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), and the resistance marker staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec). Forty isolates were screened, revealing stable vancomycin susceptibility MIC without changes over time but decreasing susceptibility to clindamycin and ciprofloxacin. The majority of PFGE types were MRSA USA800 carrying the SCCmec I element and USA100 carrying the SCCmec II element. No strains typically associated with community-associated MRSA, USA300 or USA400, were found. USA800 isolates were predominately found in the 1980s, USA600 isolates were primarily found in the 1990s, and USA100 isolates were found in the 2000s. The PVL gene was present in only one isolate, the sole USA500 isolate, from 1987. The virulence marker ACME was not detected in any of the isolates. Overall, a transition was found in hospital-associated MRSA isolates over the 25 years, but no introduction of community-associated MRSA isolates into this burn unit. Continued active surveillance and aggressive infection control strategies are recommended to prevent the spread of community-acquired MRSA to this burn unit. Published by Elsevier Ltd and ISBI C1 [Murray, Clinton K.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Murray, Clinton K.; Ellis, Michael W.; Hospenthal, Duane R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Holmes, Robert L.] Keesler Med Ctr, Biloxi, MS USA. [Mende, Katrin] Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD USA. [Wolf, Steven E.; Guymon, Charles H.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [McDougal, Linda K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Clinton.Murray@amedd.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0003-2972-3440 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-4179 J9 BURNS JI Burns PD DEC PY 2009 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1112 EP 1117 DI 10.1016/j.burns.2009.02.013 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 526UY UT WOS:000272321400008 PM 19477601 ER PT J AU Villines, TC O'Malley, PG Feuerstein, IM Thomas, S Taylor, AJ AF Villines, Todd C. O'Malley, Patrick G. Feuerstein, Irwin M. Thomas, Susan Taylor, Allen J. TI Does Prolonged Warfarin Exposure Potentiate Coronary Calcification in Humans? Results of the Warfarin and Coronary Calcification Study SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Warfarin; Vascular calcification; Coronary calcification; Matrix Gla protein; Vitamin K dependent protein ID MATRIX GLA PROTEIN; MUSCLE-CELL CALCIFICATION; K-DEPENDENT CARBOXYLASE; VITAMIN-K; VASCULAR CALCIFICATION; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ARTERIAL CALCIFICATION; CREATININE CLEARANCE; KEUTEL-SYNDROME; HEART-DISEASE AB Warfarin has been shown to accelerate vascular calcification in experimental animals, and possibly humans, through inhibition of the vitamin K-dependent protein matrix gla protein, a potent inhibitor of tissue calcification. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the extent of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in patients without coronary heart disease, currently taking or referred for warfarin therapy. The primary end point was severity of CAC measured by electron beam computed tomography attributed to duration of warfarin use, after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Seventy patients (46 men, mean age 68 +/- A 13 years) were enrolled from three groups of warfarin use duration: (1) < 6 months (n = 31, mean duration 1 +/- A 1 months), (2) 6-24 months (n = 11), and (3) > 24 months (n = 28, mean 67 +/- A 40 months). Overall, the mean total CAC score (Agatston) was 293 +/- A 560: group 1 (175 +/- A 285), group 2 (289 +/- A 382), and group 3 (426 +/- A 789). In univariate analysis, there was a nonsignificant trend to increased CAC with increasing warfarin exposure (P = 0.18). Bivariate analysis revealed no correlation between warfarin duration and CAC score (r = 0.075, P = 0.537). Linear regression for the independent variable coronary calcium score controlling for warfarin treatment duration and intensity (duration of warfarin use months x mean INR), Framingham risk score, and creatinine clearance showed that only the Framingham risk score was associated with CAC (P = 0.001). Among patients without known coronary heart disease, duration of warfarin exposure was not associated with extent of coronary calcification. C1 [Villines, Todd C.; Thomas, Susan; Taylor, Allen J.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Feuerstein, Irwin M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Villines, Todd C.; O'Malley, Patrick G.; Feuerstein, Irwin M.; Taylor, Allen J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Villines, TC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Cardiol, Bldg 2,Room 4A,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM todd.villines@amedd.army.mil OI Villines, Todd/0000-0003-2674-3702 NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 85 IS 6 BP 494 EP 500 DI 10.1007/s00223-009-9300-4 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 527NI UT WOS:000272373400003 PM 19847375 ER PT J AU Finkel, AG Yerry, J AF Finkel, A. G. Yerry, J. TI Blast-related traumatic brain injury and military headache: what are they and how do they relate? SO CEPHALALGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Congress of the International-Headache-Society CY SEP 10-13, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Int Headache Soc C1 [Finkel, A. G.; Yerry, J.] Womack Army Med Ctr, Traumat Brain Injury Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0333-1024 J9 CEPHALALGIA JI Cephalalgia PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1363 EP 1364 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 517PP UT WOS:000271628700052 ER PT J AU Finkel, AG Yerry, J AF Finkel, A. G. Yerry, J. TI Case report: mild traumatic brain injury, episodic headache and abnormal MRI findings in a soldier with multiple blast related injuries SO CEPHALALGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Congress of the International-Headache-Society CY SEP 10-13, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Int Headache Soc C1 [Finkel, A. G.; Yerry, J.] Womack Army Med Ctr, Traumat Brain Injury Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0333-1024 J9 CEPHALALGIA JI Cephalalgia PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1365 EP 1365 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 517PP UT WOS:000271628700056 ER PT J AU Blakely, JN Stahl, MT Corron, NJ AF Blakely, Jonathan N. Stahl, Mark T. Corron, Ned J. TI Time-shifted synchronization of chaotic oscillator chains without explicit coupling delays SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED SYNCHRONIZATION; LAG SYNCHRONIZATION; SYSTEMS; PHASE AB We examine chains of unidirectionally coupled oscillators in which time-shifted synchronization occurs without explicit delays in the coupling. In numerical simulations and in an experimental system of electronic oscillators, we examine the time shift and the degree of distortion (primarily in the form of attenuation) of the waveforms of the oscillators located far from the drive oscillator. Surprisingly, under weak coupling we observe minimal attenuation in spite of a significant total time shift. In contrast, at higher coupling strengths the observed attenuation increases dramatically and approaches the value predicted by an analytically derived estimate. In this regime, we verify directly that generalized synchronization is maintained over the entire chain length despite severe attenuation. These results suggest that weak coupling generally may produce higher quality synchronization in systems for which truly identical synchronization is not possible. [doi: 10.1063/1.3269610] C1 [Blakely, Jonathan N.; Stahl, Mark T.; Corron, Ned J.] USA, RDECOM, RDMR WSS, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Blakely, JN (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, RDMR WSS, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. OI Blakely, Jonathan/0000-0002-9772-582X; Corron, Ned/0000-0002-3232-5024 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 AR 043117 DI 10.1063/1.3269610 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 538YX UT WOS:000273221500018 PM 20059213 ER PT J AU Zottola, MA Beigel, K Soni, SD Lawrence, R AF Zottola, Mark A. Beigel, Keith Soni, Sunil-Datta Lawrence, Richard TI Disulfides as Cyanide Antidotes: Evidence for a New In Vivo Oxidative Pathway for Cyanide Detoxification SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFANE SULFUR; RHODANESE; MECHANISM; THIOSULFATE; CLEAVAGE; CYSTINE; LIVER AB It is known that cyanide is converted to thiocyanate in the presence of the enzyme rhodanese. The enzyme is activated by sulfur transfer from an appropriate Sulfur donor. The activated enzyme then binds cyanide and transfers the sulfur atom to cyanide to form thiocyanate. This project began as an exploration of the ability Of disulfides to act as sulfur donors in the rhodanese-mediated detoxification of cyanide. To our surprise, and contrary to expectations based on efficacy studies in Vivo, Our in vitro results showed that disulfides are rather poor sulfur donors. The transfer of a sulfur atom from a disulfide to the enzyme Must occur via cleavage of a carbon-sulfur bond either of the original disulfide or in a mixed disulfide arising front the reaction of rhodanese with the original disulfide. Extending the reaction time and addition of chloride anion (a nucleophile) did not significantly change the results of the experiment. Using ultrasound as a means of accelerating bond cleavage also had a minimal effect. Those results ruled out cleavage of the carbon-sulfur bond in the original disulfide but did not preclude formation of a mixed disulfide. S-Methyl methylthiosulfonate (MTSO) was used to determine whether a mixed disulfide, if formed, would result ill transfer of a sulfur atom to rhodanese. While no thiocyanate was formed in the reaction between cyanide and rhodanese exposed to MTSO, NMR analysis revealed that MTSO reacted directly with cyanide anion to form methyl thiocyanate. This result reveals. The body's possible use of oxidized disulfides as it first line of defense against cyanide intoxication. The oxidation of disulfides to the corresponding thiosulfinate or thiosulfate will result in facilitating their reaction With other nucleophiles. The reaction of an oxidized disulfide with a sulfur nucleophile front glutathione could be a plausible origin for the cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid. C1 [Zottola, Mark A.; Beigel, Keith; Soni, Sunil-Datta; Lawrence, Richard] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Zottola, Mark A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Zottola, MA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd,Edgewood Area Aberdeen Pro, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1948 EP 1953 DI 10.1021/tx900258m PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 533UW UT WOS:000272851900010 PM 19891443 ER PT J AU Zollinger, WD Moran, EE Schmiel, DH AF Zollinger, Wendell D. Moran, Elizabeth E. Schmiel, Deborah H. TI Characterization of an Antibody Depletion Assay for Analysis of Bactericidal Antibody Specificity SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID B NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; MEMBRANE VESICLE VACCINE; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; COMPLEMENT SOURCE; SERUM; IMMUNOGENICITY; SAFETY; PROTECTION; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES AB Serum bactericidal antibodies are important for protection against systemic Neisseria meningitidis infections. Consequently, identifying the specific targets of bactericidal antibodies is important for understanding protective immunity to meningococcal disease and for vaccine development and evaluation. We have developed a new assay that can be used to investigate the specificity of serum bactericidal antibodies. Prior to testing for bactericidal activity, antibodies specific for a given antigen or group of antigens are depleted from a serum sample by incubation with the antigen(s) bound to the wells of a 96-well microplate. A dilution series of the antigen is bound to the plate to assess the effectiveness of the antigen in removing the bactericidal antibodies. Removal of antibodies with solid-phase antigen prior to bactericidal testing avoids depletion of complement by soluble immune complexes that can form when soluble antigen is present in the bactericidal test mixture ( direct inhibition). The parameters associated with this assay are investigated and compared with those associated with a direct-inhibition assay. The bactericidal depletion assay can be an effective tool for studying the specificity of serum bactericidal antibodies. C1 [Zollinger, Wendell D.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Bacterial & Rickettsial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Zollinger, WD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Bacterial & Rickettsial Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM wendell.zollinger@us.army.mil RI Moran, Elizabeth/A-9384-2011; Zollinger, Wendell/B-2887-2011; Schmiel, Deborah/B-2875-2011 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1789 EP 1795 DI 10.1128/CVI.00255-09 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 524QG UT WOS:000272157200010 PM 19828765 ER PT J AU Petersen, K O'Connell, RJ Sandige, HL Barnes, SL Danaher, PJ El Masry, NA El Dib, NA AF Petersen, Kyle O'Connell, Robert J. Sandige, Heidi L. Barnes, Steven L. Danaher, Patrick J. El Masry, Nabil A. El Dib, Nadia A. TI A Pregnant Woman with Severe Diarrhea SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTESTINAL CAPILLARIASIS C1 [Petersen, Kyle] Naval Med Res Ctr, Dept Combat Casualty Care, Silver Spring, MD USA. [O'Connell, Robert J.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Retrovirol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Barnes, Steven L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Sandige, Heidi L.] Washington Univ, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Danaher, Patrick J.] Eglin US Air Reg Hosp, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [El Dib, Nadia A.] Cairo Univ, Fac Med, Dept Parasitol, Cairo, Egypt. RP Petersen, K (reprint author), Combat Casualty Care Naval Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20889 USA. EM kyle.petersen@med.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 11 BP 1742 EP + DI 10.1086/647949 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 515XC UT WOS:000271505200020 PM 19891566 ER PT J AU Hartzell, JD Wortmann, G AF Hartzell, Joshua D. Wortmann, Glenn TI Nephrotoxicity Associated with Intravenous Colistin Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Hartzell, Joshua D.; Wortmann, Glenn] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Hartzell, Joshua D.; Wortmann, Glenn] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Wortmann, G (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ward 63, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Glenn.wortmann@amedd.army NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 11 BP 1773 EP 1773 DI 10.1086/648117 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 515XC UT WOS:000271505200030 ER PT J AU Bacon, FW Iannarilli, FJ Conant, JA Deas, T Dinning, M AF Bacon, Fred W. Iannarilli, Frank J., Jr. Conant, John A. Deas, Torrey Dinning, Malcolm TI Quantitative Camouflage Paint Selection for the CH-47F Helicopter SO COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION LA English DT Article DE appearance; camouflage; perception; reflectance ID MODEL AB We have determined optimal minimum-conspicuity monocoat paint colors for the CH-47F Chinook helicopter, viewed photopically against forest, desert, and sky backgrounds. Our methodology combines use of a validated spectroradiometric model for rigorous 3D signature prediction with statistics of varying background fields and a CIE color difference metric. The study considered a large subset of the Federal Standard 595 (FS595) paint inventory. Each paint color was rigorously modeled with bidirectional reflectance distribution function scattering properties to match existing army paint and spectral reflectances to match spectrophotometer measurements of FS595 reference samples. We devised and validated a method to impute statistical variation in background radiances over environmental conditions consistent with the aircraft radiometric computations. Using a visual jury, we informally calibrated the CIE 1994 color difference formula (which gauges both luminance and chromaticity contrast) to gauge how each paint performed against each background, for varying range, view direction, and sun location. The statistical dispersions in performance were summarized for the CH-47F Program Manager, who selected the best overall paint for the CH-47F fleet. We found paints that were optimized to a specific background (forest, desert, etc.) yielded enhanced performance against those backgrounds, as would be expected, and that those paints were better than the paint used on CH-47s in the current US inventory. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 406-416, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20538 C1 [Bacon, Fred W.; Iannarilli, Frank J., Jr.; Conant, John A.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Deas, Torrey; Dinning, Malcolm] USA, Aviat Appl Technol Directorate, Ft Eustis, VA USA. RP Iannarilli, FJ (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, 45 Manning Rd, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM franki@aerodyne.com FU US Army Aviation Applied Technology Directorate (AATD) [SC CAS320-05] FX Contract grant sponsor: US Army Aviation Applied Technology Directorate (AATD); contract grant number: SC CAS320-05. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0361-2317 J9 COLOR RES APPL JI Color Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 6 BP 406 EP 416 DI 10.1002/col.20538 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 514NR UT WOS:000271402100001 ER PT J AU Clarkson, WA Restrepo, CS Bauch, TD Rubal, BJ AF Clarkson, Wesley A. Restrepo, Carlos Santiago Bauch, Terry D. Rubal, Bernard J. TI Using Multidetector Computed Tomography in a Swine Model to Assess the Effects of Sublingual Nitroglycerin and Intravenous Adenosine on Epicardial Coronary Arteries SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID 64-MDCT ANGIOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC-ACCURACY; VASODILATOR RESERVE; VASOMOTOR RESPONSE; FLOW RESERVE; NITRIC-OXIDE; DISEASE; VASOREACTIVITY; DILATATION; MECHANISMS AB This study examines the effects of intravenous infusion of adenosine and sublingual nitroglycerin on coronary angiograms obtained by current-generation multidetector computed tomography. We assessed coronary vasodilation at baseline and after intravenous adenosine (140 mu g/kg/min) or sublingual nitroglycerin spray (800 mu g) in 7 female swine (weight, 40.9 +/- 1.4 kg) by using electrocardiogram-gated coronary angiography with a 64-detector scanner (rotation time, 400 ms; 120kV, 400 mA) and intravenous contrast (300 mg/mL iohexol, 4.5 mL/s, 2 mL/kg). Cross-sectional areas of segments in the left anterior descending, circumflex, and right coronary arteries were evaluated in oblique orthogonal views. Images were acquired at an average heart rate of 73 +/- 11 beats per minute. Changes in aortic pressure were not significant with nitroglycerin but decreased (approximately 10%) with adenosine. Of the 76 segments analyzed (baseline range, 2 to 39 mm(2)), 1 distal segment could not be assessed after adenosine. Segment cross-sectional area increased by 11.3% with nitroglycerin but decreased by 9.6% during adenosine infusion. The results of the present study are consistent with the practice of using sublingual nitroglycerin to enhance visualization of epicardial vessels and suggest that intravenous adenosine may hinder coronary artery visualization. This study is the first repeated-measures electrocardiogramgated CT evaluation to use the same imaging technology to assess changes in coronary cross-sectional area before and after treatment with a vasodilator. The nitroglycerin-associated changes in our swine model were modest in comparison with previously reported human studies. C1 [Clarkson, Wesley A.; Rubal, Bernard J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Restrepo, Carlos Santiago; Bauch, Terry D.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Rubal, BJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Bernie.Rubal@amedd.army.mil NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 59 IS 6 BP 573 EP 579 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 538FE UT WOS:000273169000009 PM 20034433 ER PT J AU Burke, RL Whitehouse, CA Taylor, JK Selby, EB AF Burke, Robin L. Whitehouse, Chris A. Taylor, Justin K. Selby, Edward B. TI Epidemiology of Invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae with Hypermucoviscosity Phenotype in a Research Colony of Nonhuman Primates SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PYOGENIC LIVER-ABSCESS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS; VIRULENCE FACTOR; NORTH-AMERICA; SEROTYPE K1; MAGA GENES; DAIRY-COWS; COMMUNITY; TAIWAN AB Invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae with hypermucoviscosity phenotype (HMV K. pneumoniae) is an emerging human pathogen that, over the past 20 y, has resulted in a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by pyogenic liver abscesses sometimes complicated by bacteremia, meningitis, and endophthalmitis. Infections occur predominantly in Taiwan and other Asian countries, but HMV K. pneumoniae is considered an emerging infectious disease in the United States and other Western countries. In 2005, fatal multisystemic disease was attributed to HMV K. pneumoniae in African green monkeys (AGM) at our institution. After identification of a cluster of subclinically infected macaques in March and April 2008, screening of all colony nonhuman primates by oropharyngeal and rectal culture revealed 19 subclinically infected rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. PCR testing for 2 genes associated with HMV K. pneumoniae, rmpA and magA, suggested genetic variability in the samples. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis on a subset of clinical isolates confirmed a high degree of genetic diversity between the samples. Environmental testing did not reveal evidence of aerosol or droplet transmission of the organism in housing areas. Further research is needed to characterize HMV K. pneumoniae, particularly with regard to genetic differences among bacterial strains and their relationship to human disease and to the apparent susceptibility of AGM to this organism. C1 [Burke, Robin L.; Whitehouse, Chris A.; Taylor, Justin K.; Selby, Edward B.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Burke, RL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM robin.burke@us.army.mil FU US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases [150874]; US Department of Energy; USAMRMC FX The research described herein was sponsored by the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases under Research Plan Number 150874. It was supported in part by an appointment to the Student Research Participation Program at the US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and USAMRMC. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 59 IS 6 BP 589 EP 597 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 538FE UT WOS:000273169000011 PM 20034435 ER PT J AU Pankow, M Waas, AM Yen, CF Ghiorse, S AF Pankow, Mark Waas, Anthony M. Yen, Chian-Fong Ghiorse, Seth TI A new lamination theory for layered textile composites that account for manufacturing induced effects SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Composites Testing and Model Indenification CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Dayton, OH DE Fabrics/textiles; Polymer matrix composites; Laminate mechanics; Mechanical testing ID WOVEN FABRIC COMPOSITES; PREDICTION; BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB This paper is concerned with the development of a new lamination theory for layered textile composites that can account for manufacturing induced effects. The theory can be used for the calculation of the effective linear elastic extensional and bending stiffnesses of laminated textile composite panels. A representative unit cell (RUC) of the textile architecture is first identified along with its constituents. Tow geometry is represented analytically taking account of tow undulation. Each tow is modeled as a transversely isotropic linear elastic solid and the contribution from each tow to the RUC elastic bending stiffness is obtained by volume averaging, taking account of the volume fraction of each constituent. The formulation is amenable to the incorporation of geometric changes to the textile architecture that occurs through manufacturing induced consolidation. Predictions of the elastic bending stiffness are compared against experimental data, showing a strong correlation between the analytical model and the experimental results. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pankow, Mark; Waas, Anthony M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Composite Struct Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yen, Chian-Fong; Ghiorse, Seth] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Waas, AM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Composite Struct Lab, 1320 Beal St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dcw@umich.edu NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1991 EP 2003 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.08.021 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 533YB UT WOS:000272861000020 ER PT J AU Hollister, SL AF Hollister, Susannah L. TI The Planet on the Screen: Scales of Belonging in A. R. Ammons's Sphere SO CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE LA English DT Article C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Hollister, SL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 1930 MONROE ST, 3RD FL, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0010-7484 J9 CONTEMP LITERATURE JI Contemp. Lit. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 50 IS 4 BP 662 EP 694 PG 33 WC Literature SC Literature GA 612ZF UT WOS:000278944200002 ER PT J AU Bacomo, F Chung, K Lundy, J AF Bacomo, Ferdinand Chung, Kevin Lundy, Jonathan TI CONCOMITANT DROTRECOGIN ALFA USE AND RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN SEVERELY ILL SEPTIC PATIENTS IN THE BURN ICU SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY JAN 09-13, 2010 CL Miami, FL SP Soc Critical Care Med, Pfizer Inc, Hospira Inc, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Bacomo, Ferdinand; Lundy, Jonathan] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 37 IS 12 SU S MA 866 BP A424 EP A424 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 529IS UT WOS:000272509900829 ER PT J AU Borgman, M Blackbourne, L Maegele, M Spinella, P AF Borgman, Matthew Blackbourne, Lorne Maegele, Marc Spinella, Philip TI PREDICTION OF MORTALITY FOR CHILDREN AT COMBAT SUPPORT HOSPITALS IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY JAN 09-13, 2010 CL Miami, FL SP Soc Critical Care Med, Pfizer Inc, Hospira Inc, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Borgman, Matthew] Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA USA. [Blackbourne, Lorne] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Maegele, Marc] Univ Cologne, Med Ctr, D-5000 Cologne 41, Germany. [Spinella, Philip] Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Hartford, CT USA. RI Borgman, Matthew/L-9477-2015 OI Borgman, Matthew/0000-0002-2008-7380 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 37 IS 12 SU S MA 664 BP A323 EP A323 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 529IS UT WOS:000272509900629 ER PT J AU Borgman, M Spinella, P Holcomb, J Blackbourne, L Wade, C Lefering, R Bouillon, B Maegele, M AF Borgman, Matthew Spinella, Philip Holcomb, John Blackbourne, Lorne Wade, Charles Lefering, Rolf Bouillon, Bertil Maegele, Marc TI THE EFFECT OF FFP:RBC RATIO ON MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN TRAUMA PATIENTS BASED ON MASSIVE TRANSFUSION PREDICTION SCORE SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY JAN 09-13, 2010 CL Miami, FL SP Soc Critical Care Med, Pfizer Inc, Hospira Inc, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Borgman, Matthew] Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA USA. [Spinella, Philip] Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Hartford, CT USA. [Blackbourne, Lorne] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Maegele, Marc] Univ Cologne, Med Ctr, D-5000 Cologne 41, Germany. RI Borgman, Matthew/L-9477-2015 OI Borgman, Matthew/0000-0002-2008-7380 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 37 IS 12 SU S MA 542 BP A264 EP A264 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 529IS UT WOS:000272509900508 ER PT J AU Chung, K Grathwohl, K Poropatich, R Barrigan, C Renz, E Blackbourne, L AF Chung, Kevin Grathwohl, Kurt Poropatich, Ronald Barrigan, Cynthia Renz, Evan Blackbourne, Lorne TI ROBOTIC TELE-PRESENCE IN A MILITARY ICU: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY JAN 09-13, 2010 CL Miami, FL SP Soc Critical Care Med, Pfizer Inc, Hospira Inc, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Chung, Kevin; Renz, Evan; Blackbourne, Lorne] USA, Inst Surg Res, Washington, DC USA. [Grathwohl, Kurt] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Poropatich, Ronald; Barrigan, Cynthia] USA, Med Res Mat Command, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 37 IS 12 SU S MA 900 BP A441 EP A441 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 529IS UT WOS:000272509900863 ER EF