FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Parmakelis, A Russello, MA Caccone, A Marcondes, CB Costa, J Forattini, OP Sallum, MAM Wilkerson, RC Powell, JR AF Parmakelis, Aristeidis Russello, Michael A. Caccone, Adalgisa Marcondes, Carlos Brisola Costa, Jane Forattini, Oswaldo P. Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb Wilkerson, Richard C. Powell, Jeffrey R. TI Short report: Historical analysis of a near disaster: Anopheles gambiae in Brazil SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; COMPLEX AB Attributed to human-mediated dispersal, a species of the Anopheles gambiae complex invaded northeastern Brazil in 1930. This event is considered unique among the intercontinental introductions of disease vectors and the most serious one: "Few threats to the future health of the Americas have equalled that inherent in the invasion of Brazil, in 1930, by Anopheles gambiae." Because it was only in the 1960s that An. gambiae was recognized as a species complex now including seven species, the precise species identity of the Brazilian invader remains a mystery. Here we used historical DNA analysis of museum specimens, collected at the time of invasion from Brazil, and aimed at the identification of the Brazilian invader. Our results identify the arid-adapted Anopheles arabiensis as being the actual invading species. Establishing the identity of the species, in addition to being of intrinsic historical interest, can inform future threats of this sort especially in a changing environment. Furthermore, these results highlight the potential danger of human-mediated range expansions of insect disease vectors and the importance of museum collections in retrieving historical information. C1 [Parmakelis, Aristeidis; Russello, Michael A.; Caccone, Adalgisa; Powell, Jeffrey R.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Marcondes, Carlos Brisola] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Ctr Biol Sci, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Costa, Jane] Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Lab Biodiversidade Entomol, BR-20001 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Forattini, Oswaldo P.; Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Dept Epidemiol, BR-01255 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Wilkerson, Richard C.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Entomol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Wilkerson, Richard C.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Parmakelis, A (reprint author), 21 Sachem St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM parmakel@nhmc.uoc.gr; michael.russello@ubc.ca; adalgisa.caccone@yale.edu; cbrisola@mbox1.ufsc.br; jcosta@ioc.fiocruz.br; opforati@usp.br; masallum@usp.br; wilkersonr@si.edu; jeffrey.powell@yale.edu RI Sallum, Maria/B-8537-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 046018] NR 8 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 BP 176 EP 178 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 250JT UT WOS:000252296700030 PM 18187802 ER PT J AU Bowery, CR AF Bowery, Charles R., Jr. TI A Crisis in Confederate Command: Edmund Kirby Smith, Richard Taylor, and the Army of the Trans-Mississippi SO AMERICAN NINETEENTH CENTURY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Bowery, Charles R., Jr.] USA, Washington, DC USA. RP Bowery, CR (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1466-4658 J9 AM 19 CENTURY HIST JI Am. Ninet. Century Hist. PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 82 EP 84 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 438JM UT WOS:000265551700010 ER PT S AU Farmer, JB Ellner, PM AF Farmer, James B. Ellner, Paul M. GP IEEE TI System Reliability Evaluation Using Normalized Test Data SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2008 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 28-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Data Analysis for R&M; Product Verification & Validation AB Reliability is the probability that a system will perform its intended function for a specified period of time in a specified environment. Often, the reliability of a system cannot be directly measured through test to compare against its requirement because of programmatic constraints on testing. In cases where testing cannot adhere exactly to the defined mission profile, it is necessary to normalize the resulting test data to evaluate reliability performance against the system requirement. This paper describes the application of normalization techniques to reliability test data on the Marine Corps Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) program. C1 [Farmer, James B.] Strateg Technol Inst Inc, 6000 Execut Blvd,Suite 205, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Ellner, Paul M.] US Army, Mat Syst Anal Activ, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Farmer, JB (reprint author), Strateg Technol Inst Inc, 6000 Execut Blvd,Suite 205, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM jimfarmer@starpower.net; paul.m.ellner@us.army.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4244-1460-4 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2008 BP 214 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME58 UT WOS:000272027800038 ER PT S AU Cook, JL Ramirez-Marquez, JE AF Cook, Jason L. Ramirez-Marquez, Jose Emmanuel GP IEEE TI Reliability for Cluster-based Ad-hoc Networks SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2008 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 28-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Network Reliability; Monte Carlo Simulation; Ad hoc networks ID 2-TERMINAL RELIABILITY; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA AB The Mobile Ad-hoc Wireless Network (MAWN) is a new and emerging network scheme that is being employed in a variety of applications. The MAWN varies from traditional networks because it is a self-forming and dynamic network. The MAWN is free of infrastructure and as such only the mobile nodes comprise the network. Nodes communicate either directly or through other nodes. To do so each node acts as source, destination, and relay. The virtue of a MAWN is the flexibility this provides however the challenge for reliability analyses is also brought about by this unique feature. The variability and volatility of the MAWN's configuration makes typical reliability methods (e.g. reliability block diagram) inappropriate because no single structure or configuration represents all manifestations of a MAWN. For this reason, new methods are being developed to analyze the reliability of this new networking technology. New published methods adapt to this feature by treating the configuration probabilistically or by inclusion of mobility models. This paper expands upon these works by modifying the problem formulation to utilize a Monte Carlo simulation technique for the reliability analysis of a cluster-based MAWN. The cluster-based MAWN is deployed in applications with constraints or limits on the networking resources such as bandwidth and energy. This paper presents the problem's formulation, a discussion of applicable reliability metrics for the MAWN, and illustration of the method through the analysis of several example networks. Within this paper, a new and innovative use of the general MC simulation approach will be described that allows the practitioner to quickly approximate the reliability of a MAWN and understand the interactions of the characteristics that describe the MAWN; namely node reliability, node mobility, and transport (cluster) layer design. This paper is a follow on from one presented at RAMS 2007. C1 [Cook, Jason L.] USA, Armament Res Dev Engn Ctr, Qual Engn & Syst Assurance Directorate, Bldg 62 N, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [Ramirez-Marquez, Jose Emmanuel] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Engn Management, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Cook, JL (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev Engn Ctr, Qual Engn & Syst Assurance Directorate, Bldg 62 N, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM Jason.Cook1@us.army.mil; jmarquez@stevens.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4244-1460-4 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2008 BP 246 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME58 UT WOS:000272027800043 ER PT S AU Cook, JL AF Cook, Jason L. GP IEEE TI Multi-State Reliability Requirements for Complex Systems SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2008 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 28-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Multi-state; Allocation; Modeling AB Few complex systems exhibit a binary set of states, that is only simple systems are limited to the basic states of operational and failed. Complex systems and Systems of Systems (SoS) take on multiple degraded states between the fully operational and fully failed extremes. However, reliability requirements often lack the necessary information to adequately allocate multi-state reliability to the sub-systems and components. Specifically, the criticality of functional failures is not defined in the requirements phase but rather, it is done just prior to test. A proposed requirements generation and allocation method is presented to enable more robust requirement sets specific to multi-state systems and SoS which in turn enables more effective and efficient Design for Reliability practices. C1 USA, Qual Engn & Syst Assurance Directorate, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Cook, JL (reprint author), USA, Qual Engn & Syst Assurance Directorate, ARDEC, Bldg 62 N, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM Jason.Cook1@us.army.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4244-1460-4 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2008 BP 318 EP 322 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME58 UT WOS:000272027800056 ER PT J AU Hawley, JS Murray, CK Jorgensen, JH AF Hawley, Joshua S. Murray, Clinton K. Jorgensen, James H. TI Colistin heteroresistance in Acinetobacter and its association with previous colistin therapy SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID BAUMANNII AB Colistin heteroresistance has been reported among Acinetobacter isolates; however, its association with prior colistin therapy has not been not described. A population analysis profile identified resistant Acinetobacter subpopulations from colistin-susceptible clinical isolates. The proportion of cells exhibiting heteroresistance was significantly higher among isolates recovered from patients treated with colistin. C1 [Hawley, Joshua S.; Murray, Clinton K.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Jorgensen, James H.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, MCHE MDI 7E,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Clinton.Murray@amedd.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 9 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 52 IS 1 BP 351 EP 352 DI 10.1128/AAC.00766-07 PG 2 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 248ED UT WOS:000252133700043 PM 17954699 ER PT S AU Sheng, H Wang, F Tipton, CW AF Sheng, Honggang Wang, Fred Tipton, C. W. GP IEEE TI A novel protection scheme for three-level converter based on monitoring flying capacitor voltage SO APEC 2008: TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-4 SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2008) CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE DE three-level dc-dc converter; converter protection; flying capacitor; shoot-through ID DC/DC CONVERTER; ZERO-VOLTAGE AB This paper presents a novel protection method for three-level converters. The three-level converter is subject to voltage unbalance, which can result in switch overvoltage and system failure. This abnormal phenomenon can be detected by monitoring the voltage across the flying capacitor (Vcss). Based on simulation analysis, monitoring the Vcss is also an effective way to detect various system faults, including shoot-through. Using the Vcss as the signal for fault detection, the proposed protection scheme can improve the system reliability without any additional components on the power stage and impact on the performance. The protection method can not only protect the system against unbalanced voltage stresses on the switches, but also provide a remedy for the system as faults happen. Furthermore, under/over input voltage lockout can be replaced by the proposed protection scheme. The verification is performed by the experiment with a three-level parallel resonant converter. C1 [Sheng, Honggang; Wang, Fred] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Power Elect Syst, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Tipton, C. W.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sheng, H (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Power Elect Syst, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) [DAAD19-03-2-0008]; National Science Foundation under NSF [EEC-9731677]; CPES Industry Partnership Program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) grant DAAD19-03-2-0008. This work also made use of Engineering Research Center Shared Facilities supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF Award Number EEC-9731677 and the CPES Industry Partnership Program. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-1873-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2008 BP 790 EP + DI 10.1109/APEC.2008.4522811 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIF18 UT WOS:000259074300119 ER PT S AU Raca, D Garcia, P Reigosa, D Briz, F Lorenz, R AF Raca, Dejan Garcia, Pablo Reigosa, David Briz, Fernando Lorenz, Robert GP IEEE TI A comparative analysis of pulsating vs. rotating vector carrier signal injection-based sensorless control SO APEC 2008: TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-4 SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2008) CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE ID MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE; ROTOR POSITION ESTIMATION; INDUCTION MACHINES; VELOCITY ESTIMATION; MOTOR-DRIVES; AC MACHINES; ZERO; ACQUISITION; SEQUENCE AB This paper analyzes the sensitivity to non-ideal physical attributes of pulsating and rotating vector carrier-injection-based sensorless techniques, as well as of the impact on the accuracy and robustness of the sensorless control. The analysis is mainly done on the basis of terminal attributes of machines. Initial observations on the subsequent finite element study are also given. Commonly used filtering and position estimation techniques associated with each carrier signal are considered. The analysis is supported by experimental evidence obtained using interior PM synchronous machines, but the findings are applicable to other AC machines as well. C1 [Raca, Dejan] Magnetek Inc, Ctr Res & Dev, Menomonee Falls, WI 53051 USA. [Garcia, Pablo; Reigosa, David; Briz, Fernando] Univ Oviedo, Comp & Syst Engn, Gijon 33204, Spain. [Lorenz, Robert] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Elec & Comp Engr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Raca, D (reprint author), Magnetek Inc, Ctr Res & Dev, Menomonee Falls, WI 53051 USA. RI Briz, Fernando/G-2375-2016; Garcia, Pablo/G-3217-2016; OI Briz, Fernando/0000-0002-6658-8746; Garcia, Pablo/0000-0001-9290-4514; DIAZ REIGOSA, DAVID/0000-0001-7304-0845 FU Magnetek Inc., University of Oviedo, Spanish Ministry of Education [ENE2007-67842-C03-01]; Wisconsin Electric Machines & Power Electronics Consortium at the University of Wisconsin-Madison FX This work was funded by Magnetek Inc., University of Oviedo, Spanish Ministry of Education under Grant, ENE2007-67842-C03-01 and the Wisconsin Electric Machines & Power Electronics Consortium at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-1873-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2008 BP 879 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIF18 UT WOS:000259074300132 ER PT S AU Fung, N David, P AF Fung, Nicholas David, Philip BE Tescher, AG TI Implementation and Evaluation of Real-Time Pan-Tilt-Zoom Camera Calibration SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXI CY AUG 11-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE camera calibration; ptz camera; image homography; camera parameters AB Pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras are frequently used in surveillance applications as they can observe a much larger region of the environment than a fixed-lens camera while still providing high-resolution imagery. The pan, tilt, and zoom parameters of a single camera may be simultaneously controlled by online users as well as automated surveillance applications. To accurately register autonomously tracked objects to a world model, the surveillance system requires accurate knowledge of camera parameters. Due to imprecision in the PTZ mechanism, these parameters cannot be obtained from PTZ control commands but must be calculated directly from camera imagery. This paper describes the efforts undertaken to implement a real-time calibration system for a stationary PTZ camera. The approach continuously tracks distinctive image feature points from frame to frame, and from these correspondences, robustly calculates the homography transformation between frames. Camera internal parameters are then calculated from these homographies. The calculations are performed by a self contained program that continually monitors images collected by the camera as it performs pan, tilt, and zoom operations. The accuracy of the calculated calibration parameters are compared to ground truth data. Problems encountered include inaccuracies in large orientation changes and long algorithm execution time. C1 [Fung, Nicholas; David, Philip] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Fung, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7293-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7073 AR 70731K DI 10.1117/12.795175 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJA96 UT WOS:000264280600044 ER PT S AU Ho, S David, P AF Ho, Sean David, Philip BE Tescher, AG TI Automatic Generation of 360 degrees Panorama from Image Sequences SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXI CY AUG 11-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Image mosaicking; surveillance AB Recently, there has been an increasing interest in using panoramic images in surveillance and target tracking applications. With the wide availability of off-the-shelf web-based pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras and the advances of CPUs and GPUs, object tracking using mosaicked images that cover a scene of 360 degrees in near real-time has become a reality. This paper presents a system that automatically constructs and maps full view panoramic mosaics to a cube-map from images captured from an active PTZ camera with 1-25x optical zoom. A hierarchical approach is used in storing and mosaicking multi-resolution images captured from a PTZ camera. Techniques based on scale-invariant local features and probabilistic models for verification are used in the mosaicking process. Our algorithm is automatic and robust in mapping each incoming image to one of the six faces of a cube with no prior knowledge of the scene structure. This work can be easily integrated to a surveillance system that wishes to track moving objects in its 360 degrees surrounding. C1 [Ho, Sean; David, Philip] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ho, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7293-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7073 AR 70731J DI 10.1117/12.795121 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJA96 UT WOS:000264280600043 ER PT J AU Martin, WA Larson, SL Felt, DR Wright, J Griggs, CS Thompson, M Conca, JL Nestler, CC AF Martin, W. A. Larson, S. L. Felt, D. R. Wright, J. Griggs, C. S. Thompson, M. Conca, J. L. Nestler, C. C. TI The effect of organics on lead sorption onto Apatite II (TM) SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLUBILITY; PHOSPHATE; SOIL; DISSOLUTION; GROWTH; MATTER AB Training activities at firing ranges, both civilian and military, deliver large quantities of Pb bullets into range soils where the physical and geochemical properties of the soil can influence Pb transport. Some best management practices (BMPs) developed for range managers include the addition of phosphate amendments, such as apatite, to immobilize Pb and other metals associated with firing ranges. In this study, the effect of the organic matter content of apatite II (TM) on its metal sorption properties was investigated. Batch and column experiments were conducted using mechanically, enzymatically, and thermally-treated forms of Apatite II (TM) to sorb soluble Pb. In batch experiments, mechanically and enzymatically-treated Apatite II (TM) reduced soluble Pb concentrations from 29% to 96%, depending on the age of the Apatite source. Thermally-treated Apatite II (TM) consistently reduced soluble Ph concentrations in solution by more than 90%, regardless of aging. The mechanically and enzymatically-treated Apatite II (TM) produced significantly higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentrations while undergoing aging. This contrasts with the thermally-treated Apatite II (TM) that produced very low to non-detectable levels of DOC and BOD while aging. To determine the effects of thermal treatment on performance efficiencies, studies were performed using 500 mg L-1 Pb solutions in columns packed with Apatite II (TM) that had been preheated at various temperatures for 2 h. The column study showed Pb loading of the Apatite II (TM) at different thermal treatments that ranged from 10.5% to 16.8% Pb by weight of substrate. The Pb loading capacity (by weight of substrate) increased as the treatment temperature of the Apatite II (TM) increased. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Thompson, M.; Nestler, C. C.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Martin, W. A.; Larson, S. L.; Felt, D. R.; Griggs, C. S.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Wright, J.] PIMS NW Inc, Carlsbad, CA USA. [Conca, J. L.] New Mexico State Univ, CEMRC, Carlsbad, NM USA. RP Nestler, CC (reprint author), Appl Res Associates Inc, 119 Monument Pl, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Catherine.C.Nestler@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.08.005 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 260PC UT WOS:000253021200003 ER PT J AU Springer, PJ AF Springer, Paul J. TI Managing defence in a democracy. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Springer, Paul J.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Springer, PJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 BP 348 EP 350 DI 10.1177/0095327X07306999 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 243DG UT WOS:000251774500012 ER PT J AU Helton, MBD AF Helton, Major Bradley D. TI The Tet Offensive: A concise history. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Helton, Major Bradley D.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Helton, MBD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 BP 351 EP 352 PG 2 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 243DG UT WOS:000251774500013 ER PT S AU Sohn, CW Holcomb, FH Sondeno, DJ Stephens, JM AF Sohn, Chang W. Holcomb, Franklin H. Sondeno, Dudley J. Stephens, James M. GP ASHRAE TI Field-Tested Cooling Performance of Gas-Engine-Driven Heat Pumps SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2008, VOL 114, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JUN 23, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB This paper addresses the field cooling performance of a natural gas-engine-driven heat pump (GHP) system for space cooling and heating applications. Performance data were collected from six 10-ton GHP units installed at six military installations in the southwest United States. Note that the test sites in the southwest United States offer challenging operating conditions to air-cooled space cooling systems. Theoretical analysis showed significantly higher energy efficiency in space heating and cooling by GHP units compared to a conventional gas furnace for heating and electric direct expansion (DX) system for space cooling. In this paper field measured cooling performance of the GHP units was compared to the theoretical efficiency during the 3 months of the 2007 cooling season. An independent laboratory reported testing GHP system performance in a laboratory environment (Zaltash et al. 2007). The test results are presented in the same symposium session featuring GHP technology, and will be published in the same ASHRAE Transactions volume. GHP performance under field conditions and laboratory conditions were compared. This paper also presents the GHP system's energy conservation and cost savings potential in space air conditioning. C1 [Sohn, Chang W.; Holcomb, Franklin H.] USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Erdc, Energy Branch, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Sohn, CW (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Erdc, Energy Branch, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2008 VL 114 BP 232 EP 239 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BMG20 UT WOS:000272256700023 ER PT J AU Domine, F Albert, M Huthwelker, T Jacobi, HW Kokhanovsky, AA Lehning, M Picard, G Simpson, WR AF Domine, F. Albert, M. Huthwelker, T. Jacobi, H. -W. Kokhanovsky, A. A. Lehning, M. Picard, G. Simpson, W. R. TI Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT METAMORPHISM; MICROWAVE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; STRATOSPHERIC CLOUD SURFACES; WATER EQUIVALENT RETRIEVAL; X-RAY-SCATTERING; TO-FIRN TRANSFER; SUB-ARCTIC SNOW; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER AB Snow on the ground is a complex multiphase photochemical reactor that dramatically modifies the chemical composition of the overlying atmosphere. A quantitative description of the emissions of reactive gases by snow requires knowledge of snow physical properties. This overview details our current understanding of how those physical properties relevant to snow photochemistry vary during snow metamorphism. Properties discussed are density, specific surface area, thermal conductivity, permeability, gas diffusivity and optical properties. Inasmuch as possible, equations to parameterize these properties as functions of climatic variables are proposed, based on field measurements, laboratory experiments and theory. The potential of remote sensing methods to obtain information on some snow physical variables such as grain size, liquid water content and snow depth are discussed. The possibilities for and difficulties of building a snow photochemistry model by adapting current snow physics models are explored. Elaborate snow physics models already exist, and including variables of particular interest to snow photochemistry such as light fluxes and specific surface area appears possible. On the other hand, understanding the nature and location of reactive molecules in snow seems to be the greatest difficulty modelers will have to face for lack of experimental data, and progress on this aspect will require the detailed study of natural snow samples. C1 [Domine, F.; Picard, G.] CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Domine, F.; Picard, G.] Univ Grenoble 1, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Albert, M.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Huthwelker, T.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Radiochem & Environm Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Jacobi, H. -W.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Kokhanovsky, A. A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Lehning, M.] SLF Davos, Eidg Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, WSL, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Simpson, W. R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Simpson, W. R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Domine, F (reprint author), CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, BP 96,54 Rue Moliere, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. EM florent@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr RI Domine, Florent/E-8699-2011; Zhang, YIng/F-5751-2011; Picard, Ghislain/D-4246-2013; Simpson, William/I-2859-2014; Kokhanovsky, Alexander/C-6234-2016; OI Picard, Ghislain/0000-0003-1475-5853; Simpson, William/0000-0002-8596-7290; Kokhanovsky, Alexander/0000-0001-7370-1164; Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 313 TC 134 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 171 EP 208 PG 38 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273CN UT WOS:000253908100003 ER PT J AU Steffen, A Douglas, T Amyot, M Ariya, P Aspmo, K Berg, T Bottenheim, J Brooks, S Cobbett, F Dastoor, A Dommergue, A Ebinghaus, R Ferrari, C Gardfeldt, K Goodsite, ME Lean, D Poulain, AJ Scherz, C Skov, H Sommar, J Temme, C AF Steffen, A. Douglas, T. Amyot, M. Ariya, P. Aspmo, K. Berg, T. Bottenheim, J. Brooks, S. Cobbett, F. Dastoor, A. Dommergue, A. Ebinghaus, R. Ferrari, C. Gardfeldt, K. Goodsite, M. E. Lean, D. Poulain, A. J. Scherz, C. Skov, H. Sommar, J. Temme, C. TI A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; RELAXED EDDY ACCUMULATION; DISSOLVED GASEOUS MERCURY; ARCTIC AIR-POLLUTION; DEPENDENT RATE COEFFICIENTS; IODINE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS; 2-STAGE GOLD AMALGAMATION; PHASE ELEMENTAL MERCURY; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; GAS-PHASE AB It was discovered in 1995 that, during the spring time, unexpectedly low concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) occurred in the Arctic air. This was surprising for a pollutant known to have a long residence time in the atmosphere; however conditions appeared to exist in the Arctic that promoted this depletion of mercury (Hg). This phenomenon is termed atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) and its discovery has revolutionized our understanding of the cycling of Hg in Polar Regions while stimulating a significant amount of research to understand its impact to this fragile ecosystem. Shortly after the discovery was made in Canada, AMDEs were confirmed to occur throughout the Arctic, sub-Artic and Antarctic coasts. It is now known that, through a series of photochemically initiated reactions involving halogens, GEM is converted to a more reactive species and is subsequently associated to particles in the air and/or deposited to the polar environment. AMDEs are a means by which Hg is transferred from the atmosphere to the environment that was previously unknown. In this article we review Hg research taken place in Polar Regions pertaining to AMDEs, the methods used to collect Hg in different environmental media, research results of the current understanding of AMDEs from field, laboratory and modeling work, how Hg cycles around the environment after AMDEs, gaps in our current knowledge and the future impacts that AMDEs may have on polar environments. The research presented has shown that while considerable improvements in methodology to measure Hg have been made but the main limitation remains knowing the speciation of Hg in the various media. The processes that drive AMDEs and how they occur are discussed. As well, the role that the snow pack and the sea ice play in the cycling of Hg is presented. It has been found that deposition of Hg from AMDEs occurs at marine coasts and not far inland and that a fraction of the deposited Hg does not remain in the same form in the snow. Kinetic studies undertaken have demonstrated that bromine is the major oxidant depleting Hg in the atmosphere. Modeling results demonstrate that there is a significant deposition of Hg to Polar Regions as a result of AMDEs. Models have also shown that Hg is readily transported to the Arctic from source regions, at times during springtime when this environment is actively transforming Hg from the atmosphere to the snow and ice surfaces. The presence of significant amounts of methyl Hg in snow in the Arctic surrounding AMDEs is important because this species is the link between the environment and impacts to wildlife and humans. Further, much work on methylation and demethylation processes has occurred but these processes are not yet fully understood. Recent changes in the climate and sea ice cover in Polar Regions are likely to have strong effects on the cycling of Hg in this environment; however more research is needed to understand Hg processes in order to formulate meaningful predictions of these changes. C1 [Steffen, A.; Bottenheim, J.; Dastoor, A.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Steffen, A.; Ebinghaus, R.] Univ Luneburg, D-21335 Luneburg, Germany. [Douglas, T.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AL USA. [Amyot, M.; Poulain, A. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Ariya, P.] McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Ariya, P.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Aspmo, K.; Berg, T.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Berg, T.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Brooks, S.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Cobbett, F.] Univ Guelph, Sch Engn, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Dommergue, A.; Ferrari, C.] Univ Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Ebinghaus, R.; Temme, C.] GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Inst Coastal Res, Dept Environm Chem, D-21052 Geesthacht, Germany. [Gardfeldt, K.; Sommar, J.] Gothenburg Univ, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Gardfeldt, K.; Sommar, J.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Goodsite, M. E.] Univ So Denmark, Dept Chem & Phys, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. [Lean, D.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ctr Adv Res Environm Genom, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Skov, H.] Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Steffen, A (reprint author), Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM alexandra.steffen@ec.gc.ca RI Ariya, Parisa/G-2810-2015; Dommergue, Aurelien/A-2829-2009; Amyot, Marc/A-7182-2008; Poulain, Alexandre/C-2136-2008; Poulain, Alexandre/C-1246-2009; Berg, Torunn/I-3521-2013; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 OI Skov, Henrik/0000-0003-1167-8696; Dommergue, Aurelien/0000-0002-8185-9604; Amyot, Marc/0000-0002-0340-3249; /0000-0002-5161-9597; Goodsite, Michael/0000-0002-4565-6607; Berg, Torunn/0000-0002-2264-6676; NR 269 TC 193 Z9 202 U1 8 U2 106 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1445 EP 1482 PG 38 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280HN UT WOS:000254416700001 ER PT J AU Fain, X Ferrari, CP Dommergue, A Albert, M Battle, M Arnaud, L Barnola, JM Cairns, W Barbante, C Boutron, C AF Fain, X. Ferrari, C. P. Dommergue, A. Albert, M. Battle, M. Arnaud, L. Barnola, J. -M. Cairns, W. Barbante, C. Boutron, C. TI Mercury in the snow and firn at Summit Station, Central Greenland, and implications for the study of past atmospheric mercury levels SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS MERCURY; INTERSTITIAL AIR; POLAR FIRN; GAS CONCENTRATIONS; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; SURFACE OZONE; ICE; CANADA; DEPOSITION; OXIDATION AB Gaseous Elemental Mercury (Ho degrees or GEM) was investigated at Summit Station. Greenland, in the interstitial air extracted from the perennial snowpack (firn) at depths ranging from the surface to 30m, during summer 2005 and spring 2006. Photolytic production and destruction of Hg degrees were observed close to the snow surface during summer 2005 and spring 2006, and we observed dark oxidation of GEM up to 270 cm depth in June 2006. Photochemical transformation of gaseous elemental mercury resulted in diel variations in the concentrations of this gas in the near-surface interstitial air. but destruction of Hg degrees was predominant in June, and production was the main process in July. This seasonal evolution of the chemical mechanisms involving gaseous elemental mercury produces a signal that propagates downward through the firn air, but is unobservably small below 15 m in depth. As a consequence, multi-annual averaged records of GEM concentration should be well preserved in deep firn air at depths below 15 m, and available for the reconstruction of the past atmospheric history of GEM over the last decades. C1 [Fain, X.; Ferrari, C. P.; Dommergue, A.; Arnaud, L.; Barnola, J. -M.; Boutron, C.] Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, CNRS, UMR 5183, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Albert, M.] ERDC Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Geophys Sci Div, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Battle, M.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Ferrari, C. P.; Dommergue, A.] Univ Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Cairns, W.; Barbante, C.] Univ Venice, Dept Environm Sci, I-30123 Venice, Italy. [Boutron, C.] Univ Grenoble 1, Unite Format & Rech Phys, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Ferrari, C. P.; Boutron, C.] Inst Univ France, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Fain, X (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, CNRS, UMR 5183, 54 Rue Moliere,BP 96, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. EM fain@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr RI Fain, Xavier/C-8645-2009; Dommergue, Aurelien/A-2829-2009; OI Fain, Xavier/0000-0002-4119-6025; Dommergue, Aurelien/0000-0002-8185-9604; Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 63 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 13 BP 3441 EP 3457 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 324KF UT WOS:000257516800005 ER PT S AU Beresnev, LA Weyrauch, T Vorontsov, MA Liu, L Carhart, GW AF Beresnev, Leonid A. Weyrauch, Thomas Vorontsov, Mikhail A. Liu, Ling Carhart, Gary W. BE Hammel, SM VanEijk, AMJ Vorontsov, MA TI Development of adaptive fiber collimators for conformal fiber-based beam projection systems SO ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS: MODELS, MEASUREMENTS, AND TARGET-IN-THE-LOOP PROPAGATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Optics - Models, Measurements, and Target-in-the-Loop Propagation II CY AUG 12-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Coherent beam combining; coherently coupled fiber array; adaptive fiber collimator ID ARRAY; OPTIMIZATION AB We describe bimorph piezoelectric fiber actuators, which enable tip and tilt control in fiber collimators, as well as their integration into a fiber-array based beam-projection system. A mechanism for alignment of individual fiber actuators within the array was developed. It provides six degrees of freedom and allows for high subaperture density. The alignment procedures for a seven-subaperture prototype system as well as first results from evaluation experiments are presented. C1 [Beresnev, Leonid A.; Vorontsov, Mikhail A.; Carhart, Gary W.] USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Beresnev, LA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Intelligent Opt Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM weyrauch@umd.edu NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7310-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7090 AR 709008 DI 10.1117/12.800488 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIT49 UT WOS:000262507900005 ER PT S AU Tunick, A AF Tunick, Arnold BE Hammel, SM VanEijk, AMJ Vorontsov, MA TI Experiment to obtain optical turbulence information along a 2.33 km free-space laser propagation path from measurements of scintillation and focal spot displacement SO ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS: MODELS, MEASUREMENTS, AND TARGET-IN-THE-LOOP PROPAGATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Optics - Models, Measurements, and Target-in-the-Loop Propagation II CY AUG 12-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical turbulence; free-space laser propagation; scintillation index; angle of arrival; Fried parameter; Rytov variance ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; BEAM; COMMUNICATION; INTENSITY; C-N(2) AB Optical turbulence research contributes to improved laser communications, adaptive optics, and long-range imaging systems. This paper presents experimental measurements of scintillation and focal spot displacement to obtain optical turbulence information along a near-horizontal 2.33 km free-space laser propagation path. Calculated values for the refractive index structure constant (C(n)(2)) and Fried parameter (r(0)) are compared to scintillometer-based measurements for several cases in winter and spring. Optical measurements were investigated using two different laser sources for the first and second parts of the experiment. Scintillation index estimates from recorded signal intensities were corrected to account for aperture averaging. As a result, we found that ail earlier calculation algorithm based on analysis of log-amplitude intensity variance was the best estimator of optical turbulence parameters over the propagation path considered. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tunick, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM atunick@arl.army.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7310-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7090 AR 70900G DI 10.1117/12.795519 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIT49 UT WOS:000262507900007 ER PT J AU Donovan, DJ Iskandar, JI Dunn, CJ King, JA AF Donovan, Daniel J. Iskandar, John I. Dunn, Christopher J. King, James A. TI Aeromedical evacuation of patients with pneumocephalus: Outcomes in 21 cases SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE transport; air travel; craniotomy; head injury ID MOUNT FUJI SIGN; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; INTRACRANIAL AIR; INTRACEREBRAL PNEUMATOCELE; TENSION PNEUMOCEPHALUS; DRAINAGE; COMPLICATIONS; TOMOGRAPHY; MANAGEMENT; SECONDARY AB Introduction: Aeromedical evacuation of patients with posttraumatic and/or post-surgical pneumocephalus has often been regarded with great concern. The expansion of intracranial air with increasing altitude can theoretically result in tension pneumocephalus, with potentially fatal results. This concern is primarily based on extremely rare case reports and theoretical models rather than any significant clinical experience. We report the outcomes of a series of 21 patients with posttraumatic and/or post-craniotomy pneumocephalus who underwent long-range air evacuation from a combat theater in military aircraft. Methods: The estimated volume for each patient was calculated with a simplified method, purposely intended to err toward overestimation, based on computerized tomography scans performed within 24 h prior to air travel. Results: The volumes of pneumocephalus ranged from 0.6 to 42.7 ml, with mean volume of 9.3 ml and median volume of 4.2 ml. No patient sustained a temporary or permanent neurologic decline as a result of air transportation. Three patients with continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) were not observed to have any sustained pressure elevations during flight. Discussion: We conclude that pneumocephalus in the head-injured and/or craniotomy patient is not likely by itself to be an absolute contra indication to air evacuation. The mechanism causing pneumocephalus, its time course, progression, and the rate of altitude change are likely more important factors in determining its clinical significance. More clinical experience is required to better assess the safety of aeromedical evacuation of these patients, but this small series suggests that it is not as dangerous as previously thought. C1 [Donovan, Daniel J.; Iskandar, John I.] USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. [Dunn, Christopher J.; King, James A.] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Donovan, DJ (reprint author), QMC POB 1,Ste 1009,1380 Lusitana St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM ddonovan-hng@hawaii.rr.com NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.3357/ASEM.1893.2008 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 248OE UT WOS:000252162500005 PM 18225775 ER PT S AU Netherland, MD AF Netherland, Michael D. BE Allen, MS Sammons, S Maceina, MJ TI The Use of Herbicides for Managing Aquatic Vegetation in Southern Reservoirs SO BALANCING FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND WATER USES FOR IMPOUNDED RIVER SYSTEMS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th North American Reservoir Symposium on Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems CY JUN 07-09, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Fisheries Soc SE Div Reservoir Comm ID SPECIES SELECTIVITY EVALUATION; LAKE FLURIDONE TREATMENTS; RHODAMINE WT DYE; EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; LARGEMOUTH BASS; PLANT COMMUNITY; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; MESOCOSM EVALUATION; TIDAL CANALS; HYDRILLA AB Herbicide use to control aquatic vegetation in southern reservoirs can elicit a wide range of responses and concerns from the fishing community, lake property owners, and the general public. Debates regarding the need to control aquatic plants, how Much vegetation to control and where, and the herbicides chosen can be divisive. This paper will focus on the use patterns and technical features of aquatic herbicides and factors that Should be considered when implementing a herbicide program for aquatic plant management in reservoirs. Both the angling community and general public often have misconceptions regarding herbicide use patterns, plant selectivity and nontarget impacts, and management objectives. There are currently 10 herbicide active ingredients registered for aquatic use. Glyphosate and imazapyr are used strictly for emergent aquatic plant control while copper, endothall, and fluridone are used almost exclusively for submersed plant control. The herbicides diquat, carfentrazone, penoxsulam, triclopyr, and 2,4-D are used for both emergent and submersed plant control. Many of the registered herbicides have been used since the 1950s and 1960s for aquatic plant management. Each compound has unique properties that impact the recommended use rates and use patterns, label restrictions, and plant selectivity. There are also several new herbicides that are Currently being evaluated for aquatic plants. While herbicides are used in a wide variety of aquatic systems, reservoirs often present unique challenges due to high-flow events and vegetation growing in narrow strips along the shoreline or in open flats. Rapid dilution or dispersion of the herbicide from the target area remains a significant technical challenge in reservoirs. The introduction of invasive plants Such as hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata and Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum has increased the complexity of management decisions. These fast-growing submersed species can be viewed as both beneficial and detrimental to various reservoir systems. While some see these plants as invasive species that require management, others see them as providing valuable habitat in systems with limited native vegetation. Despite both social and environmental challenges, aquatic herbicides continue to provide reliable, relatively rapid results and site-specific aquatic plant management at a wide variety of scales. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Netherland, MD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mdnether@ifas.ufl.edu NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-06-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 62 BP 493 EP 507 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Water Resources SC Fisheries; Water Resources GA BIX56 UT WOS:000263597300032 ER PT S AU Baechle, DM O'Brien, DJ Wetzel, ED AF Baechle, D. M. O'Brien, D. J. Wetzel, E. D. BE Dapino, MJ Ounaies, Z TI Structural dielectrics for multifunctional capacitors SO BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional and Composite Materials CY MAR 10-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engn AB As U.S. Army systems and vehicles become more dependent on electronic devices and subsystems, there is an increasing need for improving the mass- and volume-efficiency of energy storage components. The conventional approach for saving mass and volume is to increase component energy density. Alternatively, overall system weight can be reduced by replacing purely structural components, such as armor or frame members, with structures that also store energy. Specifically, we are developing capacitors that can also carry structural loads by intercalating glass fiber reinforced polymer dielectric layers with metallized polymer film electrodes. In previous work, we developed a metric, the multifunctional efficiency (MFE), for comparing various structural capacitor preparations and guiding multifunctional design. Modeling and characterization of fiber composite-based structural capacitors has shown that the MFE is sensitive to fiber shape, orientation, volume fraction, and dielectric constant. In this work, various dielectric materials are studied against this MFE metric and the effect of fiber properties and volume fraction on MFE is explored experimentally. C1 [Baechle, D. M.; O'Brien, D. J.; Wetzel, E. D.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Baechle, DM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7115-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6929 AR 69292L DI 10.1117/12.785255 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BHW06 UT WOS:000256945900058 ER PT J AU Taylor, AJ Rodriguez, AE Lee, JC Mathew, SB Cassimatis, D Gates, D Bindeman, J Feuerstein, IM Do, SW O'Malley, PG AF Taylor, Allen J. Rodriguez, Antonio E. Lee, Joseph C. Mathew, Salim B. Cassimatis, Dimitri Gates, Daniel Bindeman, Jody Feuerstein, Irwin M. Do, Steven Welka O'Malley, Patrick G. TI The relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis and electrocardiographic abnormalities as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE risk factors; calcium; tomography; atherosclerosis; electrocardiography ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ARTERY CALCIFICATION; CALCIUM PACC; FOLLOW-UP; PROJECT; EVENTS; ADULTS; DEATH; YOUNG AB Electrocardiographic findings indicating myocardial disease, such as left ventricular hypertrophy or ST-T wave abnormalities, or the presence of coronary artery calcium, indicating atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, are both biomarkers of future cardiovascular (CV) risk. Although the risk factors for myocardial and coronary artery disease are similar, their concomitant expression has implications for CV disease screening and prevention programmes. The relationship between the resting 12-lead ECG and subclinical atherosclerosis measured as coronary artery calcium (CAC) with electron beam tomography was examined in 937 healthy participants (aged 40-50 years) enrolled in a CV risk screening study. Electrocardiograms and CAC were interpreted in blinded fashion, using standard criteria. An abnormal ECG was coded in 268 (28.6%) participants, most commonly left ventricular hypertrophy (3.1%), delayed precordial R wave transition (5.7%), T-wave abnormalities (10.0%) and intraventricular conduction delay (10.4%). Although abnormal ECG findings were associated with CV risk variables, the prevalence of any CAC was similar in subjects with any ECG finding (43 of 268, 16.0%) compared with those with normal ECGs (125 of 669, 18.7%, p=NS). In a logistic model controlling for CV risk factors including systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), body mass index (BMI), glycosylated haemoglobin, race, age and gender, significant associations with CAC were found for LDL-C, race and BMI. There was no significant relationship between CAC and ECG abnormalities (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.54-1.20). In conclusion, electrocardiographic abnormalities and subclinical calcified atherosclerosis were not significantly associated with each other in this middle-aged screening population. This suggests these two biomarkers may be complementary towards broader detection of latent CV risk. C1 [Taylor, Allen J.; Rodriguez, Antonio E.; Lee, Joseph C.; Mathew, Salim B.; Cassimatis, Dimitri; Gates, Daniel; Bindeman, Jody; Feuerstein, Irwin M.; Do, Steven Welka; O'Malley, Patrick G.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Med & Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Med & Radiol, 6900 Georgia Ave,Bldg 2,Room 4A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM allen.taylor@na.amedd.army.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PY 2008 VL 13 IS 5 BP 496 EP 504 DI 10.1080/13547500801967524 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 324TY UT WOS:000257543500005 PM 18608184 ER PT S AU Chretien, JP Anyamba, A Small, J Tucker, CJ Britch, SC Linthicum, KJ AF Chretien, Jean-Paul Anyamba, Assaf Small, Jennifer Tucker, Compton J. Britch, Seth C. Linthicum, Kenneth J. BE Zeng, D Chen, H Rolka, H Lober, B TI Environmental Biosurveillance for Epidemic Prediction: Experience with Rift Valley Fever SO BIOSURVEILLANCE AND BIOSECURITY, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Biosurveillance and Biosecurity CY DEC 02, 2008 CL Raleigh, NC DE Biosurveillance; Remote Sensing; Forecasting; Modeling ID KENYA AB Despite established links between climate and infectious disease activity, few biosurveillance systems use climatic data to forecast epidemics. The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects weather worldwide and in East Africa is associated with flooding and Rift Valley fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease of economically important livestock and humans. Following a regional ENSO-associated outbreak in 1997-1998, several agencies created a system to forecast RVF using satellite-based monitoring of ENSO and other climatic phenomena. The system generated 5 alerts since 2005. Following 3, in South Africa (2008), Sudan (2007), and East Africa (2006), RVF occurred in high-risk areas (no other RVF outbreaks were reported in monitored areas). Alerts for the Arabian Peninsula (2005) and Sudan (2005) were not followed by RVF reports, though the latter preceded a large Yellow Fever epidemic. Future directions for the system include decision analysis to guide public health interventions and extension to other climate-associated risks. C1 [Chretien, Jean-Paul] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Anyamba, Assaf; Small, Jennifer; Tucker, Compton J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Britch, Seth C.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] Ctr Med Agr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Chretien, JP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM JeanPaul.Chretien@us.army.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-89745-3 J9 LECT N BIOINFORMAT JI Lect. Notes Bioinforma. PY 2008 VL 5354 BP 169 EP + PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BIT46 UT WOS:000262507600017 ER PT J AU Pirooznia, M Gong, P Yang, JY Yang, MQ Perkins, EJ Deng, YP AF Pirooznia, Mehdi Gong, Ping Yang, Jack Y. Yang, Mary Qu Perkins, Edward J. Deng, Youping TI ILOOP - a web application for two-channel microarray interwoven loop design SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article AB Microarray technology is widely applied to address complex scientific questions. However, there remain fundamental issues on how to design experiments to ensure that the resulting data enables robust statistical analysis. Interwoven loop design has several advantages over other designs. However it suffers in the complexity of design. We have implemented an online web application which allows users to find optimal loop designs for two-color microarray experiments. Given a number of conditions (such as treatments or time points) and replicates, the application will find the best possible design of the experiment and output experimental parameters. It is freely available from http://mcbc.usm.edu/iloop. C1 [Pirooznia, Mehdi; Deng, Youping] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Gong, Ping] SpecPro Inc, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Yang, Jack Y.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Yang, Mary Qu] Natl Human Genome Res Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA. [Perkins, Edward J.] USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Deng, YP (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM mehdi.pirooznia@usm.edu; Ping.Gong@erdc.usace.army.mil; jyang@bwh.harvard.edu; jyang@bwh.harvard.edu; Edward.J.Perkins@erdc.usace.army.mil; Youping.Deng@usm.edu OI Pirooznia, Mehdi/0000-0002-4210-6458 FU NCRR NIH HHS [2P20RR016476-04, P20 RR016476] NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PY 2008 VL 9 SU 2 AR S11 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-S2-S11 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA V92JQ UT WOS:000206244200012 PM 18831776 ER PT J AU Yao, CP Williams, AJ Ottens, AK Lu, XCM Chen, RW Wang, KK Hayes, RL Tortella, FC Dave, JR AF Yao, Changping Williams, Anthony J. Ottens, Andrew K. Lu, X. -C. May Chen, Renwu Wang, Kevin K. Hayes, Ronald L. Tortella, Frank C. Dave, Jitendra R. TI Detection of protein biomarkers using high-throughput immunoblotting following focal ischemic or penetrating ballistic-like brain injuries in rats SO BRAIN INJURY LA English DT Review DE diagnostic biomarker; high throughput immunoblotting; middle cerebral artery occlusion; penetrating ballistic-like brain injury; protein expression ID CYTOKINE EMAP-II; LESIONAL EXPRESSION; THERAPEUTIC WINDOW; REGULATORY SUBUNIT; SURROGATE MARKERS; INHIBITOR MLN519; CLEAVED-TAU; CELL-DEATH; REPERFUSION; DAMAGE AB Primary objective: Recent efforts have been aimed at developing a panel of protein biomarkers for the diagnosis/prognosis of the neurological damage associated with acute brain injury. Methods and procedures: This study utilized high-throughput immunoblotting (HTPI) technology to compare changes between two animal models of acute brain injury: penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI) which mimics the injury created by a gunshot wound and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) which is a model of stroke. Brain and blood were collected at 24-hours post-injury. Main outcomes and results: This study identified the changes in 18 proteins following PBBI and 17 proteins following MCAo out of a total of 998 screened proteins. Distinct differences were observed between the two models: five proteins were up- or down-regulated in both models, 23 proteins changed in only one model and one protein was differentially expressed. Western blots were used to verify HTPI results for selected proteins with measurable changes observed in both blood and brain for the proteins STAT3, Tau, PKA RII, 14-3-3 and p43/EMAPII. Conclusions: These results suggest distinct post-injury protein profiles between brain injury types (traumatic vs. ischemic) that will facilitate strategies aimed at the differential diagnosis and prognosis of acute brain injury. C1 [Yao, Changping; Williams, Anthony J.; Lu, X. -C. May; Chen, Renwu; Tortella, Frank C.; Dave, Jitendra R.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Appl Neurobiol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ottens, Andrew K.; Wang, Kevin K.] Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Dept Psychiat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ottens, Andrew K.] Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Dept Neurosci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Wang, Kevin K.] Banyan Biomarkers Inc, Alachua, FL USA. RP Dave, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Appl Neurobiol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jit.dave@amedd.army.mil RI Ottens, Andrew/K-3352-2012; OI Wang, Kevin/0000-0002-9343-6473 NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0269-9052 J9 BRAIN INJURY JI Brain Inj. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 10 BP 723 EP 732 DI 10.1080/02699050802304706 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 347MJ UT WOS:000259145400001 PM 18720098 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, RE Hooke, JA Love, B Kane, JL Patney, HL Ellsworth, DL Shriver, CD AF Ellsworth, Rachel E. Hooke, Jeffrey A. Love, Brad Kane, Jennifer L. Patney, Heather L. Ellsworth, Darrell L. Shriver, Craig D. TI Correlation of levels and patterns of genomic instability with histological grading of invasive breast tumors SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE invasive breast cancer; grade; allelic imbalance ID ALLELIC IMBALANCE; CANCER; HETEROZYGOSITY; CARCINOMAS; PROGNOSIS; GENE AB Pathological grade is a useful prognostic factor for stratifying breast cancer patients into favorable (well-differentiated tumors) and less favorable (poorly-differentiated tumors) outcome groups. The current system of tumor grading, however, is subjective and a large proportion of tumors are characterized as intermediate-grade tumors, making determination of optimal treatments difficult. To determine whether molecular profiles can discriminate breast disease by grade, patterns and levels of allelic imbalance (AI) at 26 chromosomal regions frequently altered in breast disease were examined in 185 laser microdissected specimens representing well-differentiated (grade 1; n = 55), moderately-differentiated (grade 2; n = 71), and poorly-differentiated (grade 3; n = 59) stage I-IV breast tumors. Overall levels of AI were significantly higher in grade 3 compared to grade 1 tumors (P < 0.05). Grades 1 and 3 showed distinct genetic profiles - grade 1 tumors were associated with large deletions of chromosome 16q22, while alterations at 9p21, 11q23, 13q14, 17p13.1 and 17q12 were characteristics of grade 3 carcinomas. In general, levels and patterns of AI in grade 2 carcinomas were intermediate between grade 1 and grade 3 tumors. Patterns of AI accurately categorized similar to 70% of samples into high- or low-grade disease groups, suggesting that the majority of breast tumors have genetic profiles consistent with high- or low-grade, and that molecular signatures of breast tumors can be useful for more accurate characterization of invasive breast cancer. C1 [Ellsworth, Rachel E.; Kane, Jennifer L.; Patney, Heather L.; Ellsworth, Darrell L.] Windber Res Inst, Clin Breast Care Project, Windber, PA USA. [Hooke, Jeffrey A.; Shriver, Craig D.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Clin Breast Care Project, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Love, Brad] Invitrogen Informat, Carlsbad, CA USA. RP Ellsworth, RE (reprint author), Windber Res Inst, Clin Breast Care Project, Windber, PA USA. EM r.ellsworth@wriwindber.org NR 19 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 107 IS 2 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s10549-007-9547-2 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 241EY UT WOS:000251640900010 PM 17351743 ER PT J AU Cleavitt, NL Fahey, TJ Groffman, PM Hardy, JP Henry, KS Driscoll, CT AF Cleavitt, Natalie L. Fahey, Timothy J. Groffman, Peter M. Hardy, Janet P. Henry, Karen S. Driscoll, Charles T. TI Effects of soil freezing on fine roots in a northern hardwood forest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; SUGAR MAPLE; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; GROWTH-RATE; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; SEEDLINGS; WINTER; FROST AB We reduced early winter snowpack in four experimental plots at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hamphire for 2 years to examine the mechanisms of root injury associated with soil freezing. Three lines of evidence suggested that direct cellular damage, rather than physical damage associated with frost heaving, was the principal mechanism of root injury: (i) decreases in root vitality were not greater on sites with more frost heaving, (ii) in situ freezing damage was confined to first- and second-order roots in the organic horizons rather than entire root systems, and (iii) tensile strength of fine roots was not significantly compromised by experimental stretching to simulate ice lens formation. Although significant differences in the intensity of soil freezing (depth, rate, and minimum temperature) were observed across the plots, no clear effects of soil freezing intensity on root injury were observed. Snow manipulation had no effect on mycorrhizal colonization of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) roots. A significant increase in root growth was observed in the second summer after treatments, coincident with a significant pulse of soil nitrate leaching. Through their effects on fine roots, soil freezing events could play an important role in forest ecosystem dynamics in a changing climate. C1 [Cleavitt, Natalie L.; Fahey, Timothy J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Hardy, Janet P.; Henry, Karen S.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Fahey, TJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tjf5@cornell.edu RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 37 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 8 U2 36 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1139/X07-133 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 271FB UT WOS:000253773200009 ER PT S AU Shoop, CBL AF Shoop, Colonel Barry L. BE Madhavan, G Oakley, B Kun, L TI Technical Leadership: An International Imperative SO CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY SE Series in Biomedical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Shoop, Colonel Barry L.] US Dept Def, Joint Improvised Explos Device Defeat Org, Off Deputy Secretary Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. [Shoop, Colonel Barry L.] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Shoop, CBL (reprint author), US Dept Def, Joint Improvised Explos Device Defeat Org, Off Deputy Secretary Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1864-5763 BN 978-0-387-76494-8 J9 SER BIOMED ENG PY 2008 BP 444 EP 447 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-76495-5_69 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-76495-5 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA BKF49 UT WOS:000267955700070 ER PT B AU Ehrhardt, N Bernet, V AF Ehrhardt, Nicole Bernet, Victor BE Davies, TF TI Papillary Thyroid Cancer SO CASED-BASED GUIDE TO CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY SE Contemporary Endocrinology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-RISK PATIENTS; FOLLOW-UP; THYROTROPIN SUPPRESSION; REMNANT ABLATION; CARCINOMA; THERAPY; MICROCARCINOMA; THYROGLOBULIN; METASTASES; DISEASE C1 [Ehrhardt, Nicole; Bernet, Victor] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Bernet, Victor] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Natl Capitol Consortium Endocrinol Fellowship, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ehrhardt, N (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-58829-815-7 J9 CONTEMP ENDOCRINOL S PY 2008 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1007/978-1-60327-103-5_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-60327-103-5 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BJO85 UT WOS:000266931400015 ER PT B AU Burch, HB AF Burch, Henry B. BE Davies, TF TI Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Cancer SO CASED-BASED GUIDE TO CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY SE Contemporary Endocrinology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RADIOIODINE ABLATION; CARCINOMA C1 [Burch, Henry B.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Endocrine Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Burch, Henry B.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Burch, HB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Endocrine Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-58829-815-7 J9 CONTEMP ENDOCRINOL S PY 2008 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1007/978-1-60327-103-5_12 D2 10.1007/978-1-60327-103-5 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BJO85 UT WOS:000266931400016 ER PT S AU Desai, S Morcos, A Hohil, M AF Desai, Sachi Morcos, Amir Hohil, Myron BE Fountain III, AW Gardner, PJ TI Acoustic system to slew chemical/biological sensor point of interest SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Conference for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Chemical/Biological; TDOA; on-the-move; chemical sensors; acoustic sensors; JSLSCAD; localization AB Integrating a sensor suite with ability to discriminate potential Chemical/Biological (CB) events from high-explosive (HE) events employing an acoustic sensor array with a Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) algorithm. Developing a cueing mechanism for more power intensive and range limited sensing CB techniques. Enabling the event detection algorithm to locate to a blast event using TDOA further information is provided of the event as either Launch/Impact and further as either CB/HE. The point of interest information is gathered to give a viewing window to a range limited chemical sensing system that exploits spectroscopy to determine the contents of the chemical event. The sensor suite is the system that will provide this information on the move while the chemical sensor will have adequate time to determine the contents of the event from a safe stand-off distance. The system exploits acoustic sensors to provide early detection and identification of CB attacks at ranges exceeding 2500m. The integration of these algorithms with the TDOA algorithm provides a complex suite of algorithms that can give early warning detection and highly reliable look direction from a great stand-off distance for a moving vehicle to determine if a candidate blast event is of potential CB type. C1 [Desai, Sachi; Morcos, Amir; Hohil, Myron] USA, RDECOM, Plcatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Desai, S (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Plcatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM sachi.desai@us.army.mil; amir.morcos@us.army.mil; myron.e.hohile@us.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7145-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6954 AR 69540O DI 10.1117/12.777913 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHY71 UT WOS:000257481800019 ER PT S AU Ingram, JM Lo, E AF Ingram, John M. Lo, Edsanter BE Fountain III, AW Gardner, PJ TI Combining hyperspectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy for remote chemical sensing SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Conference for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imaging; Raman spectroscopy; remote chemical detection AB The Photonics Research Center at the United States Military Academy is conducting research to demonstrate the feasibility of combining hyperspectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy for remote chemical detection over a broad area of interest. One limitation of future trace detection systems is their ability to analyze large areas of view. Hyperspectral imaging provides a balance between fast spectral analysis and scanning area. Integration of a hyperspectral system capable of remote chemical detection will greatly enhance our soldiers' ability to see the battlefield to make threat related decisions. It can also queue the trace detection systems onto the correct interrogation area saving time and reconnaissance/surveillance resources. This research develops both the sensor design and the detection/discrimination algorithms. The one meter remote detection without background radiation is a simple proof of concept. C1 [Ingram, John M.] US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Ingram, JM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, 753 Thayer Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM john.m.ingram@us.army.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7145-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6954 AR 695405 DI 10.1117/12.778330 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHY71 UT WOS:000257481800004 ER PT S AU Pellegrino, PM Schill, AW Stratis-Cullum, DN AF Pellegrino, Paul M. Schill, Alexander W. Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N. BE Fountain III, AW Gardner, PJ TI Characterization of near-infrared low energy ultra-short laser pulses for portable applications of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Conference for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE spectroscopy; laser induced breakdown; ultra-fast lasers ID MICROCHIP-LASER; FEMTOSECOND LASER; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; LIBS; NANOSECOND; PICOSECOND; ABLATION; EMISSION; SENSOR AB We report on the delivery of low energy ultra-short (<1 ps) laser pulses for laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Ultra-short pulses have the advantage of high peak irradiance even at very low pulse energies. This opens the possibility to use compact, rare-earth doped fiber lasers in a portable platform for point detection applications using LIBS for elemental analysis. The use of low energy ultra-short pulses minimizes the generation of a broad continuum background in the emission spectrum, which permits the use of non-gated detection schemes using very simple and compact spectrometers rather than large and delicate intensified charge-coupled devices (ICCDs). The pulse energies used to produce high-quality LIBS spectra in this investigation are some of the lowest reported and we investigate the threshold pulse requirements for a number of near IR pulse wavelengths (785-1500 nm) and observe that the pulse wavelength has no effects on the threshold for observation of plasma emission or the quality of the emission spectra obtained. C1 [Pellegrino, Paul M.; Schill, Alexander W.; Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pellegrino, PM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM david.heaps@arl.army.mil NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7145-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6954 AR 695408 DI 10.1117/12.781556 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHY71 UT WOS:000257481800006 ER PT J AU Jain, V Sahoo, R Jinschek, JR Montazami, R Yochum, HM Beyer, FL Kumar, A Heflin, JR AF Jain, Vaibhav Sahoo, Rabindra Jinschek, Joerg R. Montazami, Reza Yochum, Hank M. Beyer, Fredrick L. Kumar, Anil Heflin, James R. TI High contrast solid state electrochromic devices based on Ruthenium Purple nanocomposites fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PRUSSIAN BLUE; NICKEL HEXACYANOFERRATE; FILM; DEPOSITION; ANALOGS AB Electrochromic Ruthenium Purple-polymer nanocomposite films, fabricated by multilayer assembly, were found to exhibit sub-second switching speed and the highest electrochromic contrast reported to date for any inorganic material. C1 [Montazami, Reza; Heflin, James R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sahoo, Rabindra; Kumar, Anil] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Yochum, Hank M.] Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. [Beyer, Fredrick L.] USA, Div Mat, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Heflin, JR (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rheflin@vt.edu RI Montazami, Reza/A-6115-2012; Kumar, Anil/M-9229-2013 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2008 IS 31 BP 3663 EP 3665 DI 10.1039/b803915a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 331UJ UT WOS:000258037800017 PM 18665292 ER PT J AU Rong, JH Lee, LA Li, K Harp, B Mello, CM Niu, ZW Wang, Q AF Rong, Jianhua Lee, L. Andrew Li, Kai Harp, Brandon Mello, Charlene M. Niu, Zhongwei Wang, Qian TI Oriented cell growth on self-assembled bacteriophage M13 thin films SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; PROTEIN CAGES; SURFACES; FABRICATION; NANOSCALE; INTEGRINS; ALIGNMENT; PEPTIDES; ADHESION; DESIGN AB Fibrillar M13 bacteriophages were used as basic building blocks to generate thin films with aligned nanogrooves, which, upon chemical grafting with RGD peptides, guide cell alignment and orient the cell outgrowth along defined directions. C1 [Rong, Jianhua; Lee, L. Andrew; Li, Kai; Harp, Brandon; Niu, Zhongwei; Wang, Qian] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Rong, Jianhua; Lee, L. Andrew; Li, Kai; Harp, Brandon; Niu, Zhongwei; Wang, Qian] Univ S Carolina, Nanoctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Rong, Jianhua] Jinan Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Mello, Charlene M.] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Biosci & Technol Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Niu, ZW (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM niu.z@mail.chem.sc.edu; wang@mail.chem.sc.edu RI niu, zhongwei/C-7671-2011; OI Wang, Qian/0000-0002-2149-384X FU US NSF; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholarship; US DoD; W. M. Keck Foundation FX We are grateful for financial support from US NSF, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholarship, the US DoD, and the W. M. Keck Foundation. This manuscript has been approved by the US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center for unlimited distribution (PAO# 08-245). NR 34 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2008 IS 41 BP 5185 EP 5187 DI 10.1039/b811039e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 365LH UT WOS:000260407400034 PM 18956063 ER PT J AU Bhonsle, JB Huddler, D AF Bhonsle, Jayendra B. Huddler, Donald TI Novel method for mining QSPR-relevant conformations SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Modeling in Chemical and Biological Engineering Sciences CY OCT 25-27, 2006 CL Bangkok, THAILAND SP Kasetsart Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Kasetsart Univ, Ctr Nanotechnol, Thai Inst Chem Engn & Appl Chem DE conformation-mining; FabI; MFA; QSPR ID STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP; ATOMIC PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS; PREDICTIVE QSAR MODELS; STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTORS; MOLECULAR DESCRIPTORS; SHAPE; SELECTION; CARBON; PLS; INDEXES AB The selection of property relevant conformers is among the crucial choices in the development of a 3D-QSPR model. A novel methodology for quasi-multi-way PLS mining of the property (S. aureus FabI inhibition activity) relevant conformers is reported in the highly predictive 3D-QSPR model development. The physicochemical (PC) properties-based QSPR model showed nonvalidated r2 (NV-r2) of 0.995, cross-validated leave-one-out ([image omitted]) of 0.936, and predictive r2 on six test compounds (pred r2) of 0.963. The molecular field analysis-based QSPR model developed, using the PC-based model selected bioactive conformers, exhibited NV-r2 of 0.979, [image omitted] of 0.619, and pred r2 on seven test compounds of 0.996. The novel method can be extended for development of any 3D-QSPR model to accurately predict any 3-D-related properties. C1 [Bhonsle, Jayendra B.; Huddler, Donald] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bhonsle, JB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 3A20, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jayendra.Bhonsle@us.army.mil RI Bhonsle, Jayendra/A-9139-2011 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0098-6445 J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN JI Chem. Eng. Commun. PY 2008 VL 195 IS 11 BP 1396 EP 1423 DI 10.1080/00986440801963808 PG 28 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 319CP UT WOS:000257142000008 ER PT J AU Furey, JS Fredrickson, HL Richmond, MJ Michel, M AF Furey, John S. Fredrickson, Herbert L. Richmond, Margaret J. Michel, Michael TI Effective elution of RDX and TNT from particles of Comp B in surface soil SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE particle; dissolution; explosive; transport ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; DISSOLUTION AB During live fire training exercises, large amounts of explosives are consumed. Low order detonations of high explosive payloads result in the patchy dispersal of particles of high explosive formulations over large areas of firing range soils. Dissolution of explosives from explosive formulation particles into soil pore water is a controlling factor for transport, fate, and effects of explosive compounds. We developed an empirical method to evaluate soils based on functionally defined effective dissolution rates. An automated Accelerated Solvent Extractor was used to determine the effective elution rates under controlled conditions of RDX and TNT from soil columns containing particles of Comp B. Contrived soils containing selected soil geosorbants and reactive surfaces were used to quantitatively determine the importance of these materials. Natural soils from training ranges of various soil types were also evaluated. The effects of geosorbants on effective elution rates were compound- and sorbent-specific. TNT elution was less than that of RDX and was greatly slowed by humic acid. Iron and iron-bearing clays reduced the effective elution rates of both RDX and TNT. This empirical method is a useful tool for directly generating data on the potential for explosives to leach from firing range soils, to identify general bulk soil characteristics that can be used to predict the potential, and to identify means to engineer soil treatments to mitigate potential transport. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Furey, John S.; Fredrickson, Herbert L.; Michel, Michael] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Richmond, Margaret J.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, SpecPro, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Furey, JS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM John.S.Furey@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2008 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1175 EP 1181 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.044 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 261PQ UT WOS:000253092900004 PM 17910970 ER PT J AU Subramanian, GM Moore, PA Gowen, BB Olsen, AL Barnard, DL Paragas, J Hogan, RJ Sidwell, RW AF Subramanian, G. Mani Moore, Paul A. Gowen, Brian B. Olsen, Aaron L. Barnard, Dale L. Paragas, Jason Hogan, Robert J. Sidwell, Robert W. TI Potent in vitro activity of the albumin fusion type 1 interferons (albumin-interferon-alpha and albumin-interferon-beta) against RNA viral agents of bioterrorism and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus SO CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Society-of-Microbiology on Biodefense Research CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Soc Microbiol DE albumin-interferon-alpha; albumin-interferon-beta; bioterrorism; RNA virus ID CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS; PROTEIN; CORONAVIRUS; INFECTIONS; REPLICATION; RIBAVIRIN AB Background: The type 1 interferons (INF-alpha and INF-beta) are potent antiviral agents. Albumin-INF-alpha and albumin-INF-beta are novel recombinant proteins consisting of IFN-alpha or IFN-beta genetically fused to human albumin. Methods: The in vitro antiviral activity of albumin-IFN-alpha was evaluated against representative bioterrorism viral agents and the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus. Antiviral activity was assessed using inhibition of cytopathic effect and neutral red staining. Results: EC50 values for albumin-IFN-alpha ranged from < 0.1 ng/ml for Punta Toro virus to 65 ng/ml for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in the neutral red assay. Albumin-IFN-beta showed 75- and 360-fold greater in vitro activity than albumin-IFN-alpha against Ebola virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome, respectively. Conclusion: Further evaluation of these long-acting albumin-IFN fusion proteins as prophylactic or therapeutic agents against these viral agents of bioterrorism in relevant primate models is warranted. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 [Subramanian, G. Mani; Moore, Paul A.] Human Genome Sci Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Gowen, Brian B.; Olsen, Aaron L.; Barnard, Dale L.; Sidwell, Robert W.] Utah State Univ, Inst Antiviral Res, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Paragas, Jason] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Hogan, Robert J.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Subramanian, GM (reprint author), Human Genome Sci Inc, 14200 Shady Grove Rd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM Mani_Subramanian@hgsi.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-85348] NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0009-3157 J9 CHEMOTHERAPY JI Chemotherapy PY 2008 VL 54 IS 3 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1159/000140361 PG 5 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 323WO UT WOS:000257479300003 PM 18560223 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF Jackson, LL Sherner, JH Moores, LK AF Shorr, Andrew F. Jackson, Lvilliam L. Sherner, John H. Moores, Lisa K. TI Differences between low-molecular-weight and unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism prevention following ischemic stroke SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE deep vein thrombosis; heparin; low-molecular-weight heparin; prevention; pulmonary embolism; stroke ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; PROPHYLAXIS; ENOXAPARIN; QUALITY; TRIAL; COSTS AB Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a major cause of morbidity following stroke. The optimal form of pharmacologic prophylaxis following stroke is unknown. Methods: We identified randomized trials comparing unfractionated heparin (UFH) to low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for VTE prevention in ischemic stroke patients. We focused on the risk for VTE, pulmonary embolism (PE), bleeding, and mortality as a function of the type of agent used for prophylaxis. Findings were pooled with a random-effects model. Results: We identified three trials including 2,028 patients. Two of the studies were blinded, two studies relied on enoxaparin, while one study utilized certoparin. In two studies, UFH was administered three times a day, while it was administered twice daily in the remaining study. The use of LMWH was associated with a significant risk reduction for any VTE (odds ratio [OR], 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.70; p < 0.001). Limiting the analysis to proximal VTEs also indicated that LMWHs were superior (OR with LMWH vs UFH, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.75; p < 0.001). LMWH use led to fewer PEs as well (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.95; p = 0.042). There were no differences in rates of overall bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, or mortality based on the type of agent employed. Restricting the analysis to the reports employing enoxaparin did not alter our findings. Conclusions: The prophylactic use of LMWH compared to UFH following ischemic stroke is associated with a reduction in both VTE and PE. This benefit is not associated with an increased incidence of bleeding. Broader use of LMWH for VTE prevention after ischemic stroke is warranted. C1 [Shorr, Andrew F.] Washington Hosp Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Sect, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Jackson, Lvilliam L.] Hlth VitalWatch 1, Rockledge, FL USA. [Sherner, John H.; Moores, Lisa K.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Washington Hosp Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Sect, Room 2A-39D,110 Irving St, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM andrew.f.shorr@medstar.net NR 19 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI GLENVIEW PA 2595 PATRIOT BLVD, GLENVIEW, IL 60026 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JAN PY 2008 VL 133 IS 1 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1378/chest.07-1826 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 251PL UT WOS:000252385600026 PM 17925410 ER PT J AU Moore, DF Lix, LM Yogendran, MS Martens, P Tamayo, A AF Moore, D. F. Lix, L. M. Yogendran, M. S. Martens, P. Tamayo, A. TI Stroke surveillance in Manitoba, Canada: Estimates from administrative databases SO CHRONIC DISEASES IN CANADA LA English DT Article DE administrative data; surveillance; population health; stroke; longitudinal; diagnoses ID ACUTE ISCHEMIC-STROKE; INTERNATIONAL-CLASSIFICATION; THROMBOLYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASES; HEALTH; TRIAL; RISK AB This study investigated the use of population-based administrative databases for stroke surveillance. First, a meta-analysis was conducted of four studies, identified via a PubMed search, which estimated the sensitivity and specificity of hospital data for ascertaining cases of stroke when clinical registries or medical charts were the gold standard. Subsequently, case-ascertainment algorithms based on hospital, physician and prescription drug records were developed and applied to Manitoba's administrative data, and prevalence estimates were obtained for fiscal years 1995/96 to 2003/04 by age group, sex, region of residence and income quintile. The meta-analysis results revealed some over-ascertainment of stroke cases from hospital data when the algorithm was based on diagnosis codes for any type of cerebrovascular disease (Mantel-Haenszel Odds-Ratio [OR] - 1.70 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.53 - 1.88]). Analyses of Manitoba administrative data revealed that while the total number of stroke cases varied substantially across the algorithms, the trend in prevalence was stable regardless of the algorithm adopted. C1 [Lix, L. M.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Publ Hlth, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada. [Moore, D. F.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Yogendran, M. S.; Martens, P.] Univ Manitoba, Manitoba Ctr Hlth Policy, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Tamayo, A.] Brandon Reg Hlth Author, Brandon, MB, Canada. RP Lix, LM (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Sci Bldg,107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada. EM lisa.lix@usask.ca FU CIHR New Investigator Award FX The authors are indebted to Manitoba Health & Healthy Living for the provision of data under project # 2004/05-01. This research was supported, in part, by a CIHR New Investigator Award to the second author. The results and conclusions are those of the authors, and no official endorsement by Manitoba Health & Healthy Living is intended or should be inferred. The authors have no competing interests to declare. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 130 COLONNADE RD, ADDRESS LOCATOR 6501G, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0K9, CANADA SN 0228-8699 J9 CHRONIC DIS CAN JI Chronic Dis. Can. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 455QC UT WOS:000266776900003 PM 19036220 ER PT J AU Saikh, KU Kissner, TL Nystrom, S Ruthel, G Ulrich, RG AF Saikh, Kamal U. Kissner, Teri L. Nystrom, Steven Ruthel, Gordon Ulrich, Robert G. TI Interleukin-15 increases vaccine efficacy through a mechanism linked to dendritic cell maturation and enhanced antibody titers SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; STIMULATED MONOCYTES; IL-15 AUGMENTS; GROWTH-FACTOR; NK CELLS; IN-VIVO; MEMORY; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION AB Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is generally considered to sustain T-cell memory and to be a growth factor for natural killer cells. Previous data from our laboratory demonstrated that IL-15 is also an important factor for developing human dendritic cells. For this study, we investigated the effects of IL-15 on antibody responses in mice to a recombinant staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) vaccine (STEBVax) in a preclinical model of toxic shock syndrome induced by SEB. We observed that mouse spleen cells treated with IL-15 in ex vivo culture gained a dendritic cell-like phenotype. Administration of IL-15 to mice also resulted in an increased number of mature CD11c(+) dendritic cells in mouse spleens. A significant, IL-15 dose-dependent increase in antigen-specific antibody was observed after coadministration with the vaccine and an aluminum-based adjuvant (alhydrogel). Furthermore, the coadministration of IL-15 with STEBVax and alhydrogel also protected mice from lethal toxic shock above the levels that obtained without IL-15. Thus, the vaccine response enhanced by IL-15 appears to be mediated by mature dendritic cells and results in prevalent seroconversion to Th2-dependent antibodies. This suggests a potential use of IL-15 as an adjuvant for antibody-dependent responses to vaccines. C1 [Saikh, Kamal U.; Kissner, Teri L.; Nystrom, Steven; Ruthel, Gordon; Ulrich, Robert G.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Saikh, KU (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM kamal.saikh@amedd.army.mil NR 43 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1128/CVI.00320-07 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340BE UT WOS:000258620300016 PM 18045883 ER PT J AU Harrison, SA AF Harrison, Stephen A. TI Abnormal liver tests and fatty liver on ultrasound SO CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS; HEPATITIS-C; CIRRHOSIS; OUTCOMES; SURGERY; DISEASE C1 [Harrison, Stephen A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Harrison, SA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM stephen.harrison@amedd.army.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1542-3565 J9 CLIN GASTROENTEROL H JI Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 6 IS 1 BP 26 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.10.030 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 251EN UT WOS:000252354200007 PM 18166475 ER PT J AU Cummings, JF Polhemus, ME Hawkes, C Klote, M Ludwig, GV Wortmann, G AF Cummings, James F. Polhemus, Mark E. Hawkes, Clifton Klote, Mary Ludwig, George V. Wortmann, Glenn TI Persistence of vaccinia at the site of smallpox vaccination SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material AB Persistence of vaccinia at vaccination sites may help determine the risk associated with secondary transmission. Culture, PCR, and antigen detection were performed on serial vaccination site swab specimens. On day 21 after vaccination, 37% of volunteers were culture positive, most of whom had received vaccine for the first time. Vaccinia is detectable at least through day 21 after vaccination. C1 [Cummings, James F.; Polhemus, Mark E.; Hawkes, Clifton; Wortmann, Glenn] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Klote, Mary] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Dept, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Ludwig, George V.] USA, Frederick, MD USA. RP Wortmann, G (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM glenn.wortmann@amedd.army.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 101 EP 102 DI 10.1086/524078 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 245JP UT WOS:000251931200016 PM 18171221 ER PT J AU Buchanan, PM Schnitzler, MA Brennan, DC Dzebisashvili, N Willoughby, LM Axelrod, D Salvalaggio, PR Abbott, KC Burroughs, TE Lentine, KL AF Buchanan, Paula M. Schnitzler, Mark A. Brennan, Daniel C. Dzebisashvili, Nino Willoughby, Lisa M. Axelrod, David Salvalaggio, Paolo R. Abbott, Kevin C. Burroughs, Thomas E. Lentine, Krista L. TI Novel methods for tracking long-term maintenance immunosuppression regimens SO CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th American Transplant Congress CY MAY 05-09, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg, Amer Soc Transplantat ID MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; DRUG EXPOSURE; TRANSPLANTATION; RECIPIENTS; QUALITY; CLAIMS; CARE AB Background and objectives: Accurate assessment of the use of immunosuppressive medications is vital for observational analyses that are widely used in transplantation research. This study assessed the accuracy of three potential sources of maintenance immunosuppression data. Design, setting, participants, & measurements: This study investigated the agreement of immunosuppression information in directly linked electronic medical records for Medicare beneficiaries who received a kidney transplant at one center in 1998 through 2001, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) survey data, and Medicare pharmacy claims. Pair-wise, interdata concordance (kappa) and percentage agreement statistics were used to compare immunosuppression regimens reported at discharge, and at 6 mo and 1 yr after transplantation in each data source. Results: Among 181 eligible participants, agreement between data sources for nonsteroid immunosuppression increased with time after transplantation. By 1-yr, concordance was excellent for calcineurin inhibitors and mycophenolate mofetil (kappa = 0.79 to 1.00), and very good for azathioprine (kappa = 0.73 to 0.85). Similarly, percentage agreement at 1 yr was 94.9 to 100% for calcineurin inhibitors, 91.1 to 95.7% for mycophenolate mofetil, and 87.5 to 92.8% for azathioprine. Widening the comparison time window resolved 33.6% of cases with discordant indications of calcineurin inhibitor and/or antimetabolite use in claims compared with other data sources. Conclusions: This analysis supports the accuracy of the three sources of data for description of nonsteroid immunosuppression after kidney transplantation. Given the current strategic focus on reducing collection of data, use of alternative measures of immunosuppression exposure is appropriate and will assume greater importance. C1 [Buchanan, Paula M.; Schnitzler, Mark A.; Dzebisashvili, Nino; Willoughby, Lisa M.; Salvalaggio, Paolo R.; Burroughs, Thomas E.; Lentine, Krista L.] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Outcomes Res, Salus Ctr, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. [Lentine, Krista L.] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Div Nephrol, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. [Brennan, Daniel C.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Nephrol, St Louis, MO USA. [Axelrod, David] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Hanover, NH USA. [Abbott, Kevin C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Abbott, Kevin C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lentine, KL (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Outcomes Res, Salus Ctr, 2nd Floor,3545 Lafayette Ave, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM lentine.krista@stanfordalumni.org OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [K08-DK073036, K08 DK073036, K24 DK002886, K24-DK002886] NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NEPHROLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1725 I ST, NW STE 510, WASHINGTON, DC 20006 USA SN 1555-905X J9 CLIN J AM SOC NEPHRO JI Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.2215/CJN.02790707 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 250IK UT WOS:000252293000017 PM 18077785 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Gasser, RA Magill, AJ Miller, RS AF Murray, Clinton K. Gasser, Robert A., Jr. Magill, Alan J. Miller, R. Scott TI Update on rapid diagnostic testing for malaria SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; HISTIDINE-RICH PROTEIN-2; TRANSFUSION-TRANSMITTED MALARIA; PARASITE LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE; UNITED-STATES; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; EXPERT MICROSCOPY; PARASIGHT(TM)-F TEST; PYROGENIC THRESHOLD; ANTIGEN REACTIVITY AB To help mitigate the expanding global impact of malaria, with its associated increasing drug resistance, implementation of prompt and accurate diagnosis is needed. Malaria is diagnosed predominantly by using clinical criteria, with microscopy as the current gold standard for detecting parasitemia, even though it is clearly inadequate in many health care settings. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been recognized as an ideal method for diagnosing infectious diseases, including malaria, in recent years. There have been a number of RDTs developed and evaluated widely for malaria diagnosis, but a number of issues related to these products have arisen. This review highlights RDTs, including challenges in assessing their performance, internationally available RDTs, their effectiveness in various health care settings, and the selection of RDTs for different health care systems. C1 [Murray, Clinton K.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Gasser, Robert A., Jr.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gen Internal Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Magill, Alan J.; Miller, R. Scott] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Clinton.Murray@amedd.army.mil NR 114 TC 203 Z9 206 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 1 BP 97 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.00035-07 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 253FR UT WOS:000252504600004 PM 18202438 ER PT J AU Kent, K Ganetsky, M Cohen, J Bird, S AF Kent, Kristen Ganetsky, Michael Cohen, Jason Bird, Steven TI Non-fatal ventricular dysrhythmias associated with severe salicylate toxicity SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dysrhythmias; overdose; poisoning; salicylate AB Introduction. Cardiac dysrhythmias, other than sinus tachycardia, rarely occur with salicylate poisoning. When dysrhythmias do occur, they are typically a terminal event. Case Report. A 45-year-old woman presented an unknown amount of time after an intentional ingestion of aspirin and acetaminophen. On presentation her vital signs were T 39 degrees C, P 125 beats/minute, R 26 breaths/minute, and BP 153/79 mmHg. She was initially obtunded, but minutes after presentation had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure lasting approximately two minutes, which ceased after 2 mg of intravenous lorazepam. She was sedated, intubated and treated with sodium bicarbonate. Her peak salicylate concentration was 152 mg/dL. Her course was complicated by seizures and dysrhythmias, including monomorphic ventricular tachycardia and Torsades de Pointes. With bicarbonate therapy, hemodialysis, and veno-venous hemofiltration, she survived neurologically intact. Discussion. The etiology of these dysrhythmias is likely multifactorial. Metabolic derangements typically encountered with severe salicylism, including insensible water losses, respiratory alkalosis, and metabolic acidosis, may contribute. Iatrogenic causes, especially sodium bicarbonate therapy, may cause hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia. Additionally, animal data suggests that high salicylate concentrations may have direct deleterious effects on the electrophysiology of cardiac cells, specifically by its action on the SA node and on the action potential of atria and Purkinje fibers. Conclusions. Non-fatal ventricular dysrhythmias associated with salicylate toxicity are rare in patients who survive. The causes of dysrhythmias in salicylate may include electrolyte abnormalities and a direct effect of salicylate on myocardial membrane permeability. C1 [Kent, Kristen; Ganetsky, Michael; Bird, Steven] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. [Cohen, Jason] USA, Newark, NJ USA. RP Bird, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, 55 lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. EM BirdS@ummhc.org NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1080/15563650701444670 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 284IJ UT WOS:000254699800006 PM 18363122 ER PT J AU Conti, G AF Conti, Gregory TI Could googling take down a President? SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article AB In the August 1984 Communications, Ken Thompson taught us to question our notion of trust, recognizing that even our most carefully crafted code might not generate trustworthy executable programs if the compiler is compromised [5]. Looking to the future, however, I realize Thompson didn't go far,enough. Today, we must question our trust in all aspects of the information environment, including online companies and even the infrastructure of the Internet. We live in an era of rampant data disclosure and ubiquitous implied trust-two factors that will come to haunt us in the near future. C1 US Mil Acad, Informat Technol & Operat Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Conti, G (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Informat Technol & Operat Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM conti@acm.org NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JAN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 1 BP 71 EP 73 DI 10.1145/1327452.1327485 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 246GE UT WOS:000251994700023 ER PT B AU Schreiber, C Carley, KM AF Schreiber, Craig Carley, Kathleen M. BE UhlBien, M Marion, R TI NETWORK LEADERSHIP Leading for Learning and Adaptability SO COMPLEXITY LEADERSHIP, PT 1: CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS SE Leadership Horizons LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID KNOWLEDGE; ORGANIZATIONS AB We introduce a dynamic network paradigm of leadership that focuses on organizational learning and adaptability. The concepts of our network leadership framework are presented and their relation to complexity theory concepts of leadership is discussed. The theoretical and methodological concerns of network leadership are subsequently identified. Dynamic network analysis is then described and used to analyze data from a real-world organization in terms of network leadership. Dynamic network analysis is a methodology that addresses both the theoretical and methodological concerns of network leadership. The analysis highlights key points that demonstrate the usefulness of the network leadership concept in real-world organizations. The results of the analysis also provide insight into the nature of network leadership, which forms the beginning foundations for a new theory of leadership. C1 [Carley, Kathleen M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Software Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Schreiber, C (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM craigschreiber.acad@gmail.com; kathleen.carley@cs.cmu.edu NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-59311-795-5 J9 LEADERSH HORIZ PY 2008 BP 291 EP 331 PG 41 WC Business; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKJ42 UT WOS:000268285500012 ER PT J AU Ratcliffe, C Heider, D Crane, R Krauthauser, C Yoon, MK Gillespie, JW AF Ratcliffe, Colin Heider, Dirk Crane, Roger Krauthauser, Carl Yoon, Myung Keun Gillespie, John. W., Jr. TI Investigation into the use of low cost MEMS accelerometers for vibration based damage detection SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE damage detection; carbon composites; vibration NDI; impact damage detection ID COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; SENSORS; SYSTEMS; DELAMINATION AB When a structure is damaged there is often a concomitant localized change in structural stiffness, which may affect the dynamic characteristics of the structure. One characteristic that has proved suitable for damage identification and location is the operational curvature shape which exhibits changing features at locations of stiffness change. A method that finds theses features, SIDER, employs an algorithm that operates on broadband operational curvature shapes. To obtain data for SIDER, a small number of accelerometers, typically about four, is installed on the Structure and the structure is then excited at a large array of test points using a 'roving hammer' technique. Frequency response functions are individually measured between each excitation point and the reference accelerometers, and the required operating curvature shapes are determined from the resulting array of frequency response functions. While setup of the experiment is reasonably quick, data acquisition can be time consuming and it is not easily amenable to automation. This paper investigates ail alternative approach, which relies on the reciprocity theorem. An array of response transducers is installed on the structure, and then only a few locations are excited. There are significant benefits to this method, including the possibility of automation and remote sensing. The cost of hundreds of conventional accelerometers can be prohibitive, and therefore this project investigated using an array of low cost MEMS accelerometers. MEMS are also attractive in that they may be embedded into a composite structure during manufacture. In the study reported here the roving hammer and MEMS array methods are compared by testing a composite vertical stabilizer (tail plane) from an Airbus A320 aircraft. Despite the different test procedures, and the lower quality of the MEMS transducers, it is shown that ail array of low cost MEMS transducers can determine results comparable with those obtained using high performance transducers. (c) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM TA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Ratcliffe, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ratcliff@usna.edu NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.11.012 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 226EF UT WOS:000250569600007 ER PT J AU Zhang, GM Batra, RC Zheng, J AF Zhang, G. M. Batra, R. C. Zheng, J. TI Effect of frame size, frame type, and clamping pressure on the ballistic performance of soft body armor SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE yarn; fracture; impact behavior; finite element analysis (FEA); ballistic performance ID FABRIC ARMOR; IMPACT BEHAVIOR; SIMULATION; PENETRATION; PROJECTILE; FRICTION; BRITTLE; MODEL AB We analyze, with the computer code LS-DYNA, three-dimensional (3D) transient deformations of a 10-layer woven Kevlar armor held in a square steel frame and impacted at normal incidence by a 9 mm FMJ (full metal jacket), 124 grain projectile. The composite armor is discretized into weft and warp yarns to simulate its woven structure. The yarn is modeled as a 3D continuum. We consider failure of the yam, and friction between adjoining layers and between the armor and the frame bars. For the armor perfectly bonded to the rigid frame bars, the computed residual speed and the residual kinetic energy of the projectile are found to increase with a decrease in the frame size implying thereby that the armor fixed in a smaller frame will have lower V-50 than that of the same armor clamped in a larger frame. (The V50 of an armor equals the speed of a standard projectile that upon normal impact has 50% probability of just perforating the armor). For the armor allowed to slide between the frame bars, we have studied the effect of the pressure applied to the bars of the two- and the four-bar frames on the speed and the kinetic energy of the residual projectile. For both the two- and the four-bar frames, the speed of the residual projectile is found to increase with an increase in the applied pressure. Computed results also show that the an-nor fixed in the two-bar frame exhibits higher impact resistance than that held in the four-bar frame. The V-50 is found to be similar to 270 m/s when the woven armor is held in a four-bar frame with a clamping pressure of 200 MPa. The V-50 decreases with an increase in the pressure applied to either the two-bar or the four-bar frames. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, G. M.; Batra, R. C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zheng, J.] USA, Program Execut Office Soldier, Haymarket, VA 20169 USA. RP Batra, RC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, M-C 0219, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rbatra@vt.edu NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 476 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2007.04.002 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 287QM UT WOS:000254931600005 ER PT J AU Murthy, PLN Nemeth, NN Brewer, DN Mital, S AF Murthy, Pappu L. N. Nemeth, Noel N. Brewer, David N. Mital, Subodh TI Probabilistic analysis of a SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite turbine vane SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE probabilistic analysis; CMC vane; cumulative distribution function; probability density function; scatter; Weibull distribution; strength; proportional limit; design requirements; ceramic matrix composite AB To demonstrate the advanced composite materials technology under development within the NASA Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) Program, it was planned to fabricate, test, and analyze a turbine vane made entirely of silicon carbide-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix composite (SiC/SiC CMC) material. The objective was to utilize a five-harness satin weave melt-infiltrated (MI) SiC/SiC composite material to design and fabricate a stator vane that can endure 1000 h of engine service conditions. The vane was designed to withstand a maximum temperature of 1315 degrees C (2400 degrees F) within the substrate and the hot surface temperature of 1482 degrees C (2700 degrees F) with the aid of an environmental/thermal barrier coating (EBC/TBC) system. Furthermore, the vane was designed such that the expected maximum stresses to be encountered were kept within the proportional limit strength of the material. Any violation of this design requirement was considered as the failure. This paper presents results of a probabilistic analysis and reliability assessment of the vane. Probability of failure to meet the design requirements was computed using the probabilistic analysis methods embedded in the NESSUS software. In the analysis, material properties, strength, and pressure loading were considered as random variables. The variations in properties and strength were based on the actual experimental data. In the present analysis, the pressure loads were considered normally distributed with a nominal variation. A temperature profile on the vane was obtained by performing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and was assumed to be deterministic. The results suggest that for the current vane design, the chance of not meeting design requirements is about 1.6%. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Murthy, Pappu L. N.; Nemeth, Noel N.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Brewer, David N.] USA, Res Lab, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Mital, Subodh] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Murthy, PLN (reprint author), NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Pappu.L.Murthy@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 4 BP 694 EP 703 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2007.05.006 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 296VI UT WOS:000255573500010 ER PT S AU Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM AF Drew, John H. Evans, Diane L. Glen, Andrew G. Leemis, Lawrence M. BE Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM TI Computational Probability SO COMPUTATIONAL PROBABILITY: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Drew, John H.; Leemis, Lawrence M.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Evans, Diane L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Glen, Andrew G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Drew, JH (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-0-387-74676-0 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2008 VL 117 BP 3 EP 11 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74676-0 PG 9 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BLG47 UT WOS:000270120500002 ER PT S AU Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM AF Drew, John H. Evans, Diane L. Glen, Andrew G. Leemis, Lawrence M. BE Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM TI Computational Probability Algorithms and Applications in the Mathematical Sciences Preface SO COMPUTATIONAL PROBABILITY: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID DISCRETE RANDOM-VARIABLES; STOCHASTIC PERT NETWORKS; RANDOM NUMBER GENERATORS; ORDER-STATISTICS; GEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION; BOOTSTRAP REPETITIONS; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; DISTRIBUTIONS; RELIABILITY; BOUNDS C1 [Drew, John H.; Leemis, Lawrence M.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Evans, Diane L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Glen, Andrew G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Drew, JH (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-0-387-74676-0 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2008 VL 117 BP V EP + D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74676-0 PG 8 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BLG47 UT WOS:000270120500001 ER PT S AU Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM AF Drew, John H. Evans, Diane L. Glen, Andrew G. Leemis, Lawrence M. BE Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM TI Maple for APPL SO COMPUTATIONAL PROBABILITY: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Drew, John H.; Leemis, Lawrence M.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Evans, Diane L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Glen, Andrew G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Drew, JH (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-0-387-74676-0 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2008 VL 117 BP 13 EP 29 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74676-0 PG 17 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BLG47 UT WOS:000270120500003 ER PT S AU Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM AF Drew, John H. Evans, Diane L. Glen, Andrew G. Leemis, Lawrence M. BE Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM TI Data Structures and Simple Algorithms SO COMPUTATIONAL PROBABILITY: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Drew, John H.; Leemis, Lawrence M.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Evans, Diane L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Glen, Andrew G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Drew, JH (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-0-387-74676-0 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2008 VL 117 BP 33 EP 44 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74676-0 PG 12 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BLG47 UT WOS:000270120500004 ER PT S AU Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM AF Drew, John H. Evans, Diane L. Glen, Andrew G. Leemis, Lawrence M. BE Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM TI Transformations of Random Variables SO COMPUTATIONAL PROBABILITY: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Drew, John H.; Leemis, Lawrence M.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Evans, Diane L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Glen, Andrew G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Drew, JH (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-0-387-74676-0 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2008 VL 117 BP 45 EP 54 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74676-0 PG 10 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BLG47 UT WOS:000270120500005 ER PT S AU Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM AF Drew, John H. Evans, Diane L. Glen, Andrew G. Leemis, Lawrence M. BE Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM TI Products of Random Variables SO COMPUTATIONAL PROBABILITY: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Drew, John H.; Leemis, Lawrence M.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Evans, Diane L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Glen, Andrew G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Drew, JH (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-0-387-74676-0 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2008 VL 117 BP 55 EP 68 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74676-0 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BLG47 UT WOS:000270120500006 ER PT S AU Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM AF Drew, John H. Evans, Diane L. Glen, Andrew G. Leemis, Lawrence M. BE Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM TI Data Structures and Simple Algorithms SO COMPUTATIONAL PROBABILITY: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Drew, John H.; Leemis, Lawrence M.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Evans, Diane L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Glen, Andrew G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Drew, JH (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-0-387-74676-0 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2008 VL 117 BP 71 EP 90 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74676-0 PG 20 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BLG47 UT WOS:000270120500007 ER PT S AU Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM AF Drew, John H. Evans, Diane L. Glen, Andrew G. Leemis, Lawrence M. BE Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM TI Sums of Independent Random Variables SO COMPUTATIONAL PROBABILITY: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Drew, John H.; Leemis, Lawrence M.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Evans, Diane L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Glen, Andrew G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Drew, JH (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-0-387-74676-0 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2008 VL 117 BP 91 EP 118 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74676-0 PG 28 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BLG47 UT WOS:000270120500008 ER PT S AU Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM AF Drew, John H. Evans, Diane L. Glen, Andrew G. Leemis, Lawrence M. BE Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM TI Order Statistics SO COMPUTATIONAL PROBABILITY: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Drew, John H.; Leemis, Lawrence M.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Evans, Diane L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Glen, Andrew G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Drew, JH (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-0-387-74676-0 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2008 VL 117 BP 119 EP 131 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74676-0 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BLG47 UT WOS:000270120500009 ER PT S AU Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM AF Drew, John H. Evans, Diane L. Glen, Andrew G. Leemis, Lawrence M. BE Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM TI Reliability and Survival Analysis SO COMPUTATIONAL PROBABILITY: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Drew, John H.; Leemis, Lawrence M.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Evans, Diane L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Glen, Andrew G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Drew, JH (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-0-387-74676-0 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2008 VL 117 BP 135 EP 151 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74676-0 PG 17 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BLG47 UT WOS:000270120500010 ER PT S AU Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM AF Drew, John H. Evans, Diane L. Glen, Andrew G. Leemis, Lawrence M. BE Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM TI Stochastic Simulation SO COMPUTATIONAL PROBABILITY: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Drew, John H.; Leemis, Lawrence M.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Evans, Diane L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Glen, Andrew G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Drew, JH (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-0-387-74676-0 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2008 VL 117 BP 153 EP 183 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74676-0 PG 31 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BLG47 UT WOS:000270120500011 ER PT S AU Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM AF Drew, John H. Evans, Diane L. Glen, Andrew G. Leemis, Lawrence M. BE Drew, JH Evans, DL Glen, AG Leemis, LM TI Other Applications SO COMPUTATIONAL PROBABILITY: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Drew, John H.; Leemis, Lawrence M.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Evans, Diane L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Glen, Andrew G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Drew, JH (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-0-387-74676-0 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2008 VL 117 BP 185 EP 205 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74676-0 PG 21 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BLG47 UT WOS:000270120500012 ER PT J AU Kees, CE Farthing, MW Dawson, CN AF Kees, C. E. Farthing, M. W. Dawson, C. N. TI Locally conservative, stabilized finite element methods for variably saturated flow SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Richards' equation; Finite element method; Multiscale stabilization; Local conservation ID DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN APPROXIMATIONS; ORDER TEMPORAL APPROXIMATIONS; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; DIFFUSION-REACTION EQUATION; 2ND-ORDER ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; POROUS-MEDIA; RICHARDS EQUATION; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; SUBSURFACE FLOW; DARCY FLOW AB Standard Galerkin finite element methods for variably saturated groundwater flow have several deficiencies. For instance, local oscillations can appear around sharp infiltration fronts without the use of mass-lumping, and velocity fields obtained from differentiation of pressure fields are discontinuous at element boundaries. Here, we consider conforming finite element discretizations based on a multiscale formulation along with recently developed, local postprocessing schemes. The resulting approach maintains the basic flexibility and appeal of traditional finite element methods, while controlling nonphysical oscillations and producing element-wise mass-conservative velocity fields. Accuracy and efficiency of the proposed schemes are evaluated through a series of steady-state and transient variably saturated groundwater flow problems in homogeneous as well as heterogeneous domains. The schemes are formulated for a generic nonlinear advection-diffusion equation and are thus applicable to many other flow models. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kees, C. E.; Farthing, M. W.] USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Dawson, C. N.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Subsurface Modeling, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kees, CE (reprint author), USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM christopher.e.kees@usace.army.mil FU National Science Foundation [DMS 0411413] FX Special thanks to John Chrispell, Lea Jenkins, Scott Pope, Steven Antrim, and Wayne Tanner for contributing source code to the finite element library, and to Stacy Howington, Charlie Berger, and Tim Kelley for participating in discussions on the numerical methods. Chris Kees was partially supported by a postdoctoral fellowship at the Center for Research in Scientific Computation in the Department of Mathematics at North Carolina State University and the J. Tinsley Oden visiting faculty program at the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences. Clint Dawson was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant DMS 0411413. Permission was Granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. NR 79 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2008 VL 197 IS 51-52 BP 4610 EP 4625 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2008.06.005 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 374BG UT WOS:000261016600009 ER PT B AU Canham-Chervak, M Hauret, KG Jones, BH AF Canham-Chervak, M. Hauret, K. G. Jones, B. H. BE Bust, PD TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SLIPS, TRIPS, AND FALLS IN THE US ARMY SO CONTEMPORARY ERGONOMICS 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Ergonomics-Society CY 2008 CL Univ Nottingham, Nottingham, ENGLAND SP Ergon Soc HO Univ Nottingham AB Analysis of medical surveillance and administrative data has demonstrated that slips, trips, and falls (STF) contribute significantly to the burden of injury on the U.S. Army. In 2005, STF were the leading cause of Army injury hospitalizations, accounting for 17.1% (n = 425) of all injury hospitalization visits that received an injury cause code. Rates of STF-related injuries were 9.8 to 11.4 per 10,000 personnel per year from 2000-2005. Among categories of STF (fall/jump from stairs or ladder, fall/jump from different level, fall/jump on same level, twists/turns/slips), hospitalization rates for 'fall/jump from different level' were typically highest, ranging from 3.3 to 4.1 per 10,000 personnel/year, while rates for 'fall/jump from stairs or ladder' were consistently the lowest, ranging from 1.1 to 1.5 per 10,000 personnel/year. Falls/jumps are also the leading cause of non-battle injuries among troops in deployed settings. Among U.S. Army personnel in Operation Iraqi Freedom, one quarter (25.2%, n = 1,476) of non-battle injuries requiring medical air evacuation between March 2003-June 2006 were due to STF. STF from vehicles accounted for 27.9% of non-battle-related falls. Such STF injuries, whether suffered at home or overseas, result in unnecessary costs including medical expenses, lost work time, and manpower reductions. Because of the magnitude and severity of the problem with STF, additional research on risk factors, causes, and interventions to prevent STF among working-age populations is needed. C1 [Canham-Chervak, M.; Hauret, K. G.; Jones, B. H.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-46575-5 PY 2008 BP 705 EP 709 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Computer Science; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BJI18 UT WOS:000266062600113 ER PT S AU Drozdz, S Hock, V AF Drozdz, Susan Hock, Vincent BE Agarwala, V Bellucci, F Montuori, M Lppolito, J TI Green chemical treatments for heating and cooling systems SO CORROSION IN THE MILITARY II SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Corrosion in the Military CY SEP 26-29, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY DE cooling towers; water treatment; boilers; corrosion; scale; biocide AB Scale, corrosion and the and biological growth in industrial water handling processes result in reduced water flow though pipes, reduced heat transfer, and pump failures. Preventative treatments for these problems are based upon chemical compounds that are most often toxic and environmentally persistent. Manufacturers continue to introduce new chemicals and treatment programs onto the market, and old products have been discontinued. Many manufacturers claim that the new chemical and treatments are more environmentally friendly and safer for the plant workers and the users. The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Construction Engineering Research Laboratory has undertaken a research effort to look at these new chemical treatments. The objective of this work was to develop "green" water treatment chemicals that control biological growth, corrosion and scale while reducing or eliminating the generation of toxic substances during the manufacture, use, and disposal processes. C1 [Drozdz, Susan; Hock, Vincent] Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Drozdz, S (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-390-6 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2008 VL 38 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BHU63 UT WOS:000256528300001 ER PT S AU Hock, V Marshall, O McInerney, M Morefield, S AF Hock, Vincent Marshall, Orange McInerney, Michael Morefield, Sean BE Agarwala, V Bellucci, F Montuori, M Lppolito, J TI Electro-osmotic pulse technology for corrosion prevention and control of water intrusion in below grade concrete structures SO CORROSION IN THE MILITARY II SE ADVANCED MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Corrosion in the Military CY SEP 26-29, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY DE concrete; corrosion; electro-osmosis; electro-osmotic pulse; moisture mitigation underground structure; water intrusion; waterproofing AB In below-grade buildings and buried structures, such as those constructed as hardened secure facilities and used for munitions storage on U.S. Army installations, water intrusion can cause serious damage and reduce penetration resistance. Inside the building active water and high humidity can result in corrosion of HVAC, electronic equipment, as well as damage or disrupt mission critical electronic equipment. In the adjacent backfill and the structure itself, excessive water can seriously compromise the structural hardening of the facility. Thus, it is vital to Army sustainability to control moisture in below-grade structures and eliminate corrosion of electrical mechanical equipment. This also prevents mold growth on the interior surface of below grade concrete walls and floors. Control of water movement involves both actively removing water in and around a building, and the use of barriers to prevent water from penetrating to interior spaces. A pumping system is typically required with the use of a barrier system to assist in controlling the movement of moisture into the structure. Conventional waterproofing technologies are expensive and often have short service life. A new approach is needed-a cost effective and robust solution-to the pervasive problem of water intrusion. Electro-Osmotic Pulse is a promising alternative solution presented here. Electro-Osmotic Pulse (EOP) technology uses pulses of electricity to reverse the flow of water seepage. The applied voltage causes moisture to flow out of the basement walls and away from the building. The technology works by alternately pulsating a direct electric field with an off period. The first part of the sequence consists of a pulse of positive voltage (as seen from the dry side of the concrete wall), followed by a pulse of negative voltage. This is followed by a period when no voltage is applied. Of the three parts, the positive voltage pulse has the greatest time duration. The amplitude of the positive signal is typically on the order of 20 to 40 Volts DC. This electrical pulse causes cations (e.g., Ca++) and associated water molecules to move from the dry side (anode) towards the wet side (cathode) against the direction of flow induced by the hydraulic gradient, thus preventing water penetration through buried concrete structures. Laboratory and field tests have shown an increase in calcium compounds at the cathode side of test specimens. The negative portion of the pulse increases the efficiency of moisture movement by depolarizing the electrodes. Electro-Osmotic Pulse (EOP) technology has been successfully installed in military structures such as family housing, steel reinforced deep structures, and tunnels. EOP has also been implemented on Civilian structures such as residential structures, D.C. Metro Tunnels, and an underground treasury vault. EOP has been shown to prevent moisture seepage into below-grade structures. It is effective at keeping concrete surfaces at or below 50 percent humidity content, meaning the treated space stays dry, indoor relative humidity stays low, and no mold or mildew can grow. This technology has received the 2002 international NOVA award for innovation in construction, and twice nominated for the CERF Pankow award (1999 and 2004). The ERDC research on this technology has also been recognized by the 2004 Army Research and Development Achievement Award. C1 [Hock, Vincent; Marshall, Orange; McInerney, Michael; Morefield, Sean] Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Hock, V (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-390-6 J9 ADV MAT RES PY 2008 VL 38 BP 79 EP 87 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BHU63 UT WOS:000256528300009 ER PT S AU Hock, V Drozdz, S Seelinger, A Doyle, D AF Hock, Vincent Drozdz, Susan Seelinger, Andrew Doyle, Delmar BE Agarwala, V Bellucci, F Montuori, M Lppolito, J TI Corrosion control cost reduction through improved QA information management - An OSD funded joint Navy army initiative SO CORROSION IN THE MILITARY II SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Corrosion in the Military CY SEP 26-29, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY DE paint; coatings; quality assurance AB When the coating application does not meet the required standards, the lifetime of the coating can be substantially reduced. In the worst case, the coating may catastrophically fail immediately after being placed into service. This ongoing joint project conducted by the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Army is intended to demonstrate and provide for the automation of data collection for painting projects on critical structures and the make this data a more effective resource for making effective management decisions for the protection of DoD assets. C1 [Hock, Vincent; Drozdz, Susan] Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. [Seelinger, Andrew] Naval Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20376 USA. [Doyle, Delmar] Natl Surface Treatment Ctr, Louisville, KY 40208 USA. RP Hock, V (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. EM vincent.f.hock@erdc.usace.army.mil; susan.a.drozdz@us.army.mil; andrew.seelinger@navy.mil; ddoyle@nstcenter.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-390-6 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2008 VL 38 BP 88 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BHU63 UT WOS:000256528300010 ER PT S AU Lampo, R Napier, T Schneider, R AF Lampo, Richard Napier, Thomas Schneider, Richard BE Agarwala, V Bellucci, F Montuori, M Lppolito, J TI Sustainable building materials for the prevention of corrosion SO CORROSION IN THE MILITARY II SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Corrosion in the Military CY SEP 26-29, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY DE corrosion; sustainable; recycled; siding; roofing; coatings; LEED; plastic lumber AB Billions of dollars are spent each year in the construction, operation, and maintenance of military facilities. Directives have come from the highest Commands to make our military installations more "sustainable." Sustainable facilities can equate to reduced wastes (use of products with a recycled content), extended service life (more durable, reduced degradation), operational cost savings (more efficient energy usage), reduced costs for initial installation, reduced lifecycle costs, and increased quality of life. Many sustainable building products and systems are now available that can be used in place of the more traditional material systems but which are more resistant to corrosion and materials degradation than the traditional materials for the same applications. Yet the use of these sustainable alternative materials is limited typically because to the lack of awareness of their availability and/or knowledge of the potential benefits that they might offer. This paper describes some of these available sustainable materials and material systems and the potential cost savings and increased operational reliability they can offer in applications ranging from barracks and office space for the soldier in garrison to bridges and lines of communication in theater. C1 [Lampo, Richard; Napier, Thomas; Schneider, Richard] Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Lampo, R (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. EM richard.g.lampo@erdc.usace.army.mil; thomas.r.napier@erdc.usace.army.mil; richard.l.schneider@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-390-6 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2008 VL 38 BP 93 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BHU63 UT WOS:000256528300011 ER PT S AU Van Blaricum, VL Hock, VF AF Van Blaricum, Vicki L. Hock, Vincent F. BE Agarwala, V Bellucci, F Montuori, M Lppolito, J TI Water distribution system modeling and remote monitoring SO CORROSION IN THE MILITARY II SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Corrosion in the Military CY SEP 26-29, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY DE water distribution; corrosion sensors; water quality sensors; monitoring AB Localized internal corrosion of water distribution piping is difficult to detect, diagnose, and mitigate. This paper describes the demonstration and validation of multi-parameter water quality sensors and corrosion rate sensors that were permanently installed at a U. S. Army installation to detect corrosion problems and fine-tune the chemical treatment program. This paper will include results of the sensor demonstration and validation. Follow-on work includes the integration of the sensors with a dynamic real-time water distribution system chemical and hydraulic simulation. This work will also be described. C1 [Van Blaricum, Vicki L.; Hock, Vincent F.] Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Van Blaricum, VL (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. EM Vicki.L.VanBlaricum@erdc.usace.army.mil; Vincent.F.Hock@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-390-6 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2008 VL 38 BP 132 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BHU63 UT WOS:000256528300014 ER PT S AU Morefield, S Carlyle, J AF Morefield, Sean Carlyle, John BE Agarwala, V Bellucci, F Montuori, M Lppolito, J TI Acoustic leak survey of the underground potable water system at a CONUS Army Installation SO CORROSION IN THE MILITARY II SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Corrosion in the Military CY SEP 26-29, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY DE acoustic leak detection; potable water distribution system AB U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL), and Carlyle Consulting's John Carlyle conducted a leak detection survey at a U.S. Army Installation. The age of pipes in the distribution system ranged from 20 to 60 years. The thrust of the work was to acoustically survey all of the underground pipelines constituting the installation's potable water distribution system and find any leaks. The results of the survey were that 6 leaks were discovered in the main lines, 63 leaks associated with fire hydrants, freeze proof hose bibs, water meters, etc., and 33 leaks inside buildings. Over two thousand acoustic measurements were made in order to obtain these results. C1 [Morefield, Sean] Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark De, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. [Carlyle, John] Carlyle Consult, Yardley, PA 19067 USA. RP Morefield, S (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark De, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. EM sean.morefield@erdc.usace.army.mil; jcarlyle@carlyleconsulting.com NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-390-6 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2008 VL 38 BP 143 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BHU63 UT WOS:000256528300015 ER PT S AU Morefield, S Drozdz, S Hock, V Abbott, W AF Morefield, Sean Drozdz, Susan Hock, Vincent Abbott, William BE Agarwala, V Bellucci, F Montuori, M Lppolito, J TI Measuring rates and impact of corrosion on DOD equipment SO CORROSION IN THE MILITARY II SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Corrosion in the Military CY SEP 26-29, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY DE atmospheric corrosion rate; corrosion index; chloride concentration; distance to coast AB A large scale atmospheric corrosion monitoring test was undertaken for the purpose of characterizing environmental severity. This work was conducted at ground based Army, Navy, Coast Guard, and Air Force sites. At present over 73 sites are in operation. This work adds to the existing worldwide databases to include new military and/or related sites not previously monitored. In addition and to the extent that such data are available, relevant weather data was collected from public or military sources in order to test existing corrosion algorithms for each site. Many of the I year exposures have been successfully completed. However, all of the exposures currently in progress will not be completed until early 2008. Sample analyses are in progress. New data have been obtained to show the important effects of sheltering on reducing corrosion rates. Data from Daytona Beach and Tyndall AFB show that even a relatively simple open structure/sunshade can reduce corrosion rates by factors of 2 or 3. New data are being reported on corrosion vs. distance from ocean. Data were also collected for the comparison of corrosion severity among commonly used test sites and within selected sites (multiple locations within a base.) C1 [Morefield, Sean; Drozdz, Susan; Hock, Vincent] Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. [Abbott, William] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Morefield, S (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. EM Sean.Morefield@erdc.usace.army.mil; Susan.A.Dorzdz@erdc.usace.army.mil; Vincent.F.Hock@erdc.usace.army.mil; wabbott@battelle.com NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-390-6 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2008 VL 38 BP 163 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BHU63 UT WOS:000256528300017 ER PT S AU Marshall, O AF Marshall, Orange BE Agarwala, V Bellucci, F Montuori, M Lppolito, J TI In situ lining of a pre-action fire suppression system to prevent pitting corrosion of the carrier pipe SO CORROSION IN THE MILITARY II SE ADVANCED MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Corrosion in the Military CY SEP 26-29, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY DE corrosion; epoxy; in place; in-situ; pipe lining; pre-action AB A pre-action fire suppression system was installed in a portion of a US Army Reserve Component Headquarters building in the Southeastern United States, when the structure was constructed in 1995. A pre-action fire suppression system, which is normally kept at a standard internal air pressure using air compressors in the basement electrical-mechanical room, is designed to remain dry and only have water in it in the event of a fire. The installed pre-action system developed pinhole leaks due to what appeared to be galvanic corrosion. An in-situ epoxy lining technique was used to stop the corrosion and restore the integrity of the fire suppression system piping. The work included lining of all interior pre-action piping mains, risers, branch laterals and service piping to individual sprinkler head locations, installing new 1/2" sprinkler heads on the preaction system followed by recertification of the pre-action system. This presentation describes the in-place epoxy lining process and presents before and after photographs of the coated system used to eliminate the pin hole leak problem. C1 Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Marshall, O (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-390-6 J9 ADV MAT RES PY 2008 VL 38 BP 201 EP 210 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BHU63 UT WOS:000256528300019 ER PT S AU Kalic, SN AF Kalic, Sean N. BE Nuti, L TI Reagan's SDI announcement and the European reaction Diplomacy in the last decade of the Cold War SO CRISIS OF DETENTE IN EUROPE: FROM HELSINKI TO GORBACHEV, 1975-1985 SE Cold War History Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Armys Command & Gen Staff Coll, Dept Mil Hist, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Kalic, SN (reprint author), US Armys Command & Gen Staff Coll, Dept Mil Hist, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1471-3829 BN 978-0-203-88716-5 J9 COLD WAR HIST-ROUTL PY 2008 BP 99 EP 110 D2 10.4324/9780203887165 PG 12 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMI13 UT WOS:000272424800008 ER PT S AU Nation, RC AF Nation, R. Craig BE Nuti, L TI Programming Armageddon Warsaw Pact war planning, 1969-1985 SO CRISIS OF DETENTE IN EUROPE: FROM HELSINKI TO GORBACHEV, 1975-1985 SE Cold War History Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Army War Coll, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Nation, RC (reprint author), US Army War Coll, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1471-3829 BN 978-0-203-88716-5 J9 COLD WAR HIST-ROUTL PY 2008 BP 124 EP 136 D2 10.4324/9780203887165 PG 13 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMI13 UT WOS:000272424800010 ER PT J AU Wade, CE AF Wade, Charles E. TI Hyperglycemia may alter cytokine production and phagocytosis by means other than hyperosmotic stress SO CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HYPERTONIC SALINE RESUSCITATION; TRAUMATIC HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK AB In the previous issue of Critical Care, Otto and colleagues used in vitro studies to explore the theory that immunomodulation, by correction of hyperglycemia, may be a contributing factor to the reported efficacy of intensive insulin therapy (IIT) in critically ill patients. They suggested that hyperglycemia via hyperosmolarity at supra-physiological levels potentiates the production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and that it also reduces the responses of phagocytosis and oxidative burst in human granulocytes. The efficacy of IIT, they concluded, may be partially due to the correction of hyperosmolality. Other studies, however, have suggested that immunological responses to LPS in the presence of hyperglycemia are mediated by a mechanism other than hyperosmolality. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Wade, CE (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM charles.wade@amedd.army.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1466-609X J9 CRIT CARE JI Crit. Care PY 2008 VL 12 IS 5 AR 182 DI 10.1186/cc7012 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 381UJ UT WOS:000261561100029 PM 18973646 ER PT J AU Soller, BR Ryan, KL Rickards, CA Cooke, WH Yang, Y Soyemi, OO Crookes, BA Heard, SO Convertino, VA AF Soller, Babs R. Ryan, Kathy L. Rickards, Caroline A. Cooke, William H. Yang, Ye Soyemi, Olusola O. Crookes, Bruce A. Heard, Stephen O. Convertino, Victor A. TI Oxygen saturation determined from deep muscle, not thenar tissue, is an early indicator of central hypovolemia in humans SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tissue oxygen saturation; near infrared spectroscopy; physiologic monitoring; hypovolemia ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; BODY NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; TRAUMATIC SHOCK; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; STROKE VOLUME; IN-VIVO; RESUSCITATION AB Objective: To compare the responses of noninvasively measured tissue oxygen saturation (Sto(2)) and calculated muscle oxygen tension (Pmo(2)) to standard hemodynamic variables for early detection of imminent hemodynamic instability during progressive central hypovolemia in humans. Design: Prospective study. Setting. Research laboratory. Subjects: Sixteen healthy human volunteers. Interventions: Progressive lower body negative pressure (LBNP) to onset of cardiovascular collapse. Measurements and Main Results. Noninvasive measurements of blood pressures, heart rate, and stroke volume were obtained during progressive LBNP with simultaneous assessments of Sto(2), Pmo(2), and muscle oxygen saturation (Smo(2)). Forearm Smo(2) and Pmo(2) were determined with a novel near infrared spectroscopic measurement device (UMMS) and compared with thenar Sto(2) measured by a commercial device (HT). All values were normalized to the duration of LBNP exposure required for cardiovascular collapse in each subject (i.e., LBNP maximum). Stroke volume was significantly decreased at 25% of LBNP maximum, whereas blood pressure was a late indicator of imminent cardiovascular collapse. Pmo(2) (UMMS) was significantly decreased at 50% of maximum LBNP while Smo(2) (UMMS) decreased at 75% of maximum LBNP. Thenar Sto(2) (HT) showed no statistical change throughout the entire LBNP protocol. Conclusions. Spectroscopic assessment of forearm muscle Po-2 and Smo(2) provides noninvasive and continuous measures that are early indicators of impending cardiovascular collapse resulting from progressive reductions in central blood volume. C1 [Soller, Babs R.; Yang, Ye; Soyemi, Olusola O.; Heard, Stephen O.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. [Ryan, Kathy L.; Rickards, Caroline A.; Convertino, Victor A.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Cooke, William H.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Hlth & Kinesiol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Crookes, Bruce A.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Burns & Crit Care, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Soller, BR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. EM babs.soller@umassmed.edu NR 36 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 176 EP 182 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000295586.83787.7E PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 291YA UT WOS:000255232100024 PM 18090350 ER PT J AU Winkel, B AF Winkel, Brian TI Lessons learned from a mathematical cryptology course SO CRYPTOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE cryptanalysis; mathematical cryptology; projects; teaching; technology AB We present a description of a mathematical cryptology course taught to undergraduates in which cryptanalysis was a driving force. Historical discovery served to motivate student inquiry, reflection on personal analyses produced improved solutions, and projects permitted students to explore areas of personal interest. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Winkel, B (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Brian.Winkel@usma.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0161-1194 J9 CRYPTOLOGIA JI Cryptologia PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1080/01611190701489732 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science; Mathematics GA 250SW UT WOS:000252321900006 ER PT J AU Martens, ME Smith, WJ AF Martens, Margaret E. Smith, William J. TI The role of NAD(+) depletion in the mechanism of sulfur mustard-induced metabolic injury SO CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell culture; glycolysis; HD; Keratinocytes; NAD(+); niacinamide; sulfur mustard; toxicology ID HUMAN EPIDERMAL-KERATINOCYTES; IN-VITRO; CELLS; CULTURE; LYMPHOCYTES; POLYMERASE; VESICATION; DEATH; MODEL AB Results of our previous studies on the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide) suggested that mustard-induced inhibition of glycolysis is not solely a function of NAD(+) depletion. To define the role of NAD(+) in mustard-induced metabolic injury, we examined the effects of mustard niacinamide on energy metabolism in cultured human keratinocytes. Sulfur mustard caused concentration-dependent decreases in viable cell number and ATP content at 24 hours, but not earlier, and time- and concentration-dependent glycolytic inhibition and NAD(+) depletion as early as 4 hours. Niacinamide partially protected NAD(+) levels at all time points, but did not prevent adverse effects on glycolysis, intracellular A TP, or viable cell number. These results support our earlier conclusions and suggest that sulfur mustard may inhibit glycolysis directly. C1 [Martens, Margaret E.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Physiol & Immunol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Smith, William J.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Cell & Mol Biol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Martens, ME (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Physiol & Immunol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd,ATTN MCMR CDR 1, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM margaret.a.martens@us.army.mil NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9527 J9 CUTAN OCUL TOXICOL JI Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1080/15569520701863696 PG 13 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 279YR UT WOS:000254392600007 PM 18330833 ER PT J AU Dabisch, PA Horsmon, MS Taylor, JT Muse, WT Miller, DB Sommerville, DR Mioduszewski, RJ Thomson, S AF Dabisch, Paul A. Horsmon, Michael S. Taylor, James T. Muse, William T. Miller, Dennis B. Sommerville, Douglas R. Mioduszewski, Robert J. Thomson, Sandra TI Gender difference in the miotic potency of soman vapor in rats SO CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetylcholinesterase; butyrylcholinesterase; gender differences; miosis; nerve agent; pupil constriction; potency comparison; soman ID PUPILLARY DILATION; CYCLOSARIN VAPOR; LIGHT REFLEX; SARIN VAPOR; DIAGNOSIS; EXPOSURE; CURVE; SIZE AB The present study was undertaken to investigate the miotic potency of soman vapor in the rat, as well as gender differences in the miotic response to soman vapor that have been reported previously for other nerve agents. The results of the present study demonstrate that the miotic potency of soman vapor is significantly less than that of other nerve agents, and that female rats are 2.5-3.0 times more sensitive to soman vapor than male rats. The results also demonstrate that ocular acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities differ between males and females, although this difference is not likely large enough to account for the observed gender difference. C1 [Dabisch, Paul A.] USA, Operat Toxicol Team, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT TT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Taylor, James T.] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Dabisch, PA (reprint author), USA, Operat Toxicol Team, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT TT, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM paul.a.dabisch@us.army.mil NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9527 J9 CUTAN OCUL TOXICOL JI Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1080/15569520802064376 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 317NZ UT WOS:000257028200009 PM 18568898 ER PT J AU Rogers, JV McDougal, JN Price, JA Reid, FM Graham, JS AF Rogers, James V. McDougal, James N. Price, Jennifer A. Reid, Frances M. Graham, John S. TI Transcriptional responses associated with sulfur mustard and thermal burns in porcine skin SO CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE sulfur mustard; thermal injury; skin; porcine; Microarray ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; EAR VESICANT MODEL; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; CDNA MICROARRAYS; WEANLING SWINE; IN-VIVO; THERAPEUTIC INHIBITION; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES AB In military and civilian environments, serious cutaneous damage can result from thermal burns or exposure to the blistering agent sulfur mustard [bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide; HD]. Similar therapies have historically been used to treat cutaneous thermal and HD injuries; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of tissue damage and wound healing may differ between the types of burns. Using microarray analysis, this study assessed the transcriptional responses to cutaneous HD and thermal injury at 48 hours post-exposure to identify molecular networks and genes associated with each type of skin injury. Ventral abdominal sites on each of 4 weanling swine were exposed to 400 mu l of undiluted HD or a heated brass rod (70 degrees C) for 8 initiates and 45-60 seconds, respectively. At 48 hours post-exposure, total RNA was isolated from excised skin samples and hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip Porcine Genome Arrays (containing 20,201 genes). Both HD and thermal exposure promoted significant transcriptional changes where 290 and 267 transcripts were increased and 197 and 707 transcripts were decreased with HD and thermal exposure, respectively. HD- and thermal-injured skin expressed 149 increased and 148 decreased common transcripts. Comparison of the 10 most significantly changed biological functions for HD and thermal exposures identified 7 overlapping functional groups. Canonical pathways analysis revealed 15 separate signaling pathways containing transcripts associated with both HD and thermal exposure. Within these pathways, 5 transcripts (CXCR4, FGFR2, HMOX1, IL1R1, and TLR4) were identified as known targets for existing phase II/III clinical trial or Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. This study is the first to directly assess transcriptional changes in porcine skin subjected to HD or thermal injury over the same time period. C1 [Rogers, James V.; Price, Jennifer A.; Reid, Frances M.] Battelle Mem Inst, Biomed Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [McDougal, James N.] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Graham, John S.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, Med Toxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Rogers, JV (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Biomed Res Ctr, 505 King Ave,JM-7, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM rogersjv@battelle.org FU DTRA/CBMS/MRMC [W81XWH-05D-0001, Task Order 0004] FX This work was supported by DTRA/CBMS/MRMC Contract W81XWH-05D-0001, Task Order 0004. The authors thank Morgan Shaw and Erin McGuinness for their excellent technical assistance. NR 101 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9527 J9 CUTAN OCUL TOXICOL JI Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 135 EP 160 DI 10.1080/15569520802092054 PG 26 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 353BY UT WOS:000259542300001 PM 18988085 ER PT J AU Spillane, EL Xia, Y Turiansky, GW AF Spillane, Erin L. Xia, Yang Turiansky, George W. TI Atypical cutaneous presentation of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: An extensive erythematous patch mimicking an angiosarcoma SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is an immunoglobulin M-producing lymphoproliferative disorder in elderly individuals. Cutaneous manifestations of AM are rare and typically consist of plaques or nodules. We describe a case of a man with WM who presented with an extensive erythematous patch on the scalp that clinically mimicked an angiosarcoma. C1 [Xia, Yang; Turiansky, George W.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Spillane, Erin L.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Xia, Y (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM yang.xia@na.amedd.army.mi1 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JAN PY 2008 VL 81 IS 1 BP 67 EP 68 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 256XN UT WOS:000252763300011 PM 18306851 ER PT S AU Shumaker, J Ali, KS Carter, L AF Shumaker, Justin Ali, Kamal S. Carter, Lamarious GP IEEE TI A GIMBALED PLATFORM FOR MAV AUTOPILOT SIMULATION AND CALIBRATION SO DASC: 2008 IEEE/AIAA 27TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference 2008 CY OCT 26-30, 2008 CL St Paul, MN SP IEEE, AIAA AB This paper describes a three degrees of freedom gimbaled platform designed to be used as a Hardware in the Loop Simulator (HILS). This platform is designed to aid in the calibration and synchronization of Micro Aerial Vehicles' autopilot components. This platform can also be used as a simulator allowing the autopilot to fly a computer model of the airframe. This allows for the quick and efficient verification of autopilot behavior with different airframes under various weather conditions within the lab. C1 [Shumaker, Justin] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD USA. [Ali, Kamal S.; Carter, Lamarious] Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS USA. RP Shumaker, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4244-2207-4 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2008 BP 897 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation GA BJH21 UT WOS:000265786500087 ER PT J AU Geiger, CA Perovich, DK AF Geiger, Cathleen A. Perovich, Donald K. TI Springtime ice motion in the western Antarctic Peninsula region SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE sea-ice kinematics; inertial oscillations; spring breakup ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; ROSS SEA; DEFORMATION; SHELF; DRIFT; CURRENTS; SUMMER; FALL AB Oscillatory motion of sea-ice is examined using two ice-drifting buoys separated by 1 degrees latitude near 66 degrees S during the winter to spring transition in the Marguerite Bay region west of the Antarctic Peninsula.. The buoys' motions exhibit spectrally distinct periods (12.87 +/- 0.04 and 13.03 +/- 0.04 h, respectively) despite highly correlated motion between them (r(2) is 0.62 and 0.81 for u and v, respectively). The periods shift with latitude and nearly match the local inertial periods (13.00 and 13.10 h, respectively). The oscillations are further examined with respect to the kinematics involved in the breakup process of sea-ice. These include hourly resolved manifestations of circular trajectories, semi-circular oscillations with compressed trajectory cusps, and "accordion-like" compressions along straight-line trajectories. Oscillations are found in all trajectory types over the lifetime of both buoys (several months). Traditional circular and semicircular oscillations are particularly prominent during two episodes, one of which is preceded by strong wind events and a substantial decrease in ice thickness and concentration. These episodes combine with seasonally warming temperatures to break up and melt the sea-ice cover. We discuss potential relationships between the degradation of the ice pack during spring breakup and the increase in energy at near-inertial frequencies including the appearance of a non-linear cascade of energy within the ice from the low frequencies (commensurate with storms and fortnightly tides) to semi-diurnal frequencies. We further comment on the implications this type of high-frequency motion has on local biological ecosystems. Specifically, we find that sea-ice semi-diurnal oscillations are at their peak during the final decay of sea-ice just before springtime primary productivity begins. Hence, the oscillatory motion of sea-ice not only serves as an effective mixing agent within the ice-ocean mixed layer, but also serves as an effective seeding platform for distributing phyto- and zooplankton overwintering within and around the ice floes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Geiger, Cathleen A.; Perovich, Donald K.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Snow & Ice Branch, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Geiger, Cathleen A.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Climat Res, Newark, DE USA. RP Geiger, CA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, 216 Pearson Hall, Newark, DE USA. EM cgeiger@udel.edu NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2008 VL 55 IS 3-4 BP 338 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.11.008 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 290JR UT WOS:000255119600007 ER PT S AU Wilson, DK Pettit, CL Lewis, MS Mackay, S Seman, PM AF Wilson, D. Keith Pettit, Chris L. Lewis, Matthew S. Mackay, Sean Seman, Peter M. BE Suresh, R TI Probabilistic framework for characterizing uncertainty in the performance of networked battlefield sensors - art. no. 698104 SO DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION AND NET-CENTRIC SYSTEMS 2008 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Net-Centric Systems CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE battlespace sensor modeling; weather effects; decision support tools; uncertainty AB As reliance upon advanced networked sensors increases, expert decision support tools (DSTs) are needed to recommend appropriate mixes of sensors and placements that will maximize their effectiveness. These tools should predict effects on sensor performance of the many complexities of the environment, such as terrain conditions, the atmospheric state, and background noise and clutter. However, the information available for such inputs is often incomplete and imprecise. To avoid drawing unwarranted conclusions from DSTs, the calculations should reflect a realistic degree of uncertainty in the inputs. In this paper, a Bayesian probabilistic framework is developed that provides sensor performance predictions given explicit uncertainties in the weather forecast, terrain state, and tactical scenario. A likelihood function for the signature propagation model parameters is specified based on the forecast and additional local information that may be supplied by the user. The framework also includes a likelihood function for the signal/noise features as a function of the propagation model parameters and tactical scenario. Example calculations illustrate the significant impact of uncertainty in optimal sensor selection and DST predictions. C1 [Wilson, D. Keith; Lewis, Matthew S.; Seman, Peter M.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7172-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6981 BP 98104 EP 98104 DI 10.1117/12.777760 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Robotics; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Robotics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ30 UT WOS:000257640300002 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Thompson, GA Jadaan, OM Wereszczak, AA Becher, PF AF Hsueh, C. H. Thompson, G. A. Jadaan, O. M. Wereszczak, A. A. Becher, P. F. TI Analyses of layer-thickness effects in bilayered dental ceramics subjected to thermal stresses and ring-on-ring tests SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE biaxial flexure test; dental ceramics; bilayer; stress distribution; failure origin ID BIAXIAL FLEXURE TESTS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; CORE MATERIALS; STRENGTH; PORCELAINS; COMPOSITE; FRACTURE; FAILURE AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution through the thickness of bilayered dental ceramics subjected to both thermal stresses and ring-on-ring tests and to systematically examine how the individual layer thickness influences this stress distribution and the failure origin. Methods. Ring-on-ring tests were performed on In-Ceram Alumina/Vitadur Alpha porcelain bilayered disks with porcelain in the tensile side, and In-Ceram Alumina to porcelain layer thickness ratios of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 were used to characterize whether failure originated at the surface or the interface. Based on (1) the thermomechanical properties and thickness of each layer, (2) the difference between the test temperature and the glass transition temperature, and (3) the ring-on-ring loading configuration, the stress distribution through the thickness of the bilayer was calculated using closed-form solutions. Finite element analyses were also performed to verify the analytical results. Results. The calculated stress distributions showed that the location of maximum tension during testing shifted from the porcelain surface to the In-Ceram Alumina/porcelain interface when the relative layer thickness ratio changed from 1:2 to 1:1 and to 2:1. This trend is in agreement with the experimental observations of the failure origins. Significance. For bilayered dental ceramics subjected to ring-on-ring tests, the location of maximum tension can shift from the surface to the interface depending upon the layer thickness ratio. The closed-form solutions for bilayers subjected to both thermal stresses and ring-on-ring tests allow the biaxial strength of the bilayer to be evaluated. (c) 2007 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hsueh, C. H.; Wereszczak, A. A.; Becher, P. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Thompson, G. A.] US Army Dent & Trauma Res Detachment, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. [Jadaan, O. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn Math & Sci, Platteville, WI 53818 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hsuehc@ornl.gov RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011; Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 34 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2006.12.009 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 259BO UT WOS:000252914300002 PM 17379295 ER PT B AU Grobler, F Aksamija, A Kim, H Krishnamurti, R Yue, K Hickerson, C AF Grobler, Francois Aksamija, Ajla Kim, Hyunjoo Krishnamurti, Ramesh Yue, Kui Hickerson, Casey BE Gero, JS Goel, AK TI Ontologies and Shape Grammars: Communication between Knowledge-Based and Generative Systems SO DESIGN COMPUTING AND COGNITION '08 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition CY JUN 23-25, 2008 CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA HO Georgia Inst Technol ID HOUSES AB This paper discusses information flow between knowledge-based models and shape grammars for generation of building designs, explaining the interaction, system and implementation. The benefit for using the interactive system is that the complementary properties of the two schemes are used to strengthen the overall process. Shape grammar contains rules about the geometric organization, while knowledge-based model supports the contextual information. C1 [Grobler, Francois; Aksamija, Ajla; Kim, Hyunjoo] US Army Corps Engineers, ERDC Construct Engn Res Lab, Washington, DC 20314 USA. [Krishnamurti, Ramesh; Yue, Kui; Hickerson, Casey] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Grobler, F (reprint author), US Army Corps Engineers, ERDC Construct Engn Res Lab, Washington, DC 20314 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-8727-1 PY 2008 BP 23 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8728-8_2 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIS53 UT WOS:000262457300002 ER PT B AU Lewicki, DG Woods, RL Lltvin, FL Fuentes, A AF Lewicki, David G. Woods, Ron L. Lltvin, Faydor L. Fuentes, Alfonso GP ASME TI Evaluation of a low-noise formate spiral-bevel gear set SO DETC2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Studies to evaluate low-noise Formate spiral-bevel gears were performed. Experimental tests were performed on the OH-58D helicopter main-rotor transmission in the NASA Glenn 500-hp Helicopter Transmission Test Stand. Low-noise Formate spiral-bevel gears were compared to the baseline OH-58D spiral-bevel gear design, a high-strength design, and previously tested low-noise designs (including an original low-noise design and an improved-bearing-contact low-noise design). Noise, vibration, and tooth strain tests were performed. The Formate design showed a decrease in noise and vibration compared to the baseline OH-58D design, and was similar to that of the previously tested improved-bearing contact low-noise design. The pinion tooth stresses for the Formate design significantly decreased in comparison to the baseline OH-58D design. Also similar to that of the improved-bearing-contact low-noise design, the maximum stresses of the Formate design shifted toward the heel, compared to the center of the face width for the baseline, high-strength, and previously tested low-noise designs. C1 [Lewicki, David G.] USA, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Lewicki, DG (reprint author), USA, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH USA. RI Fuentes Aznar, Alfonso/A-4259-2015 OI Fuentes Aznar, Alfonso/0000-0001-7882-4999 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4808-1 PY 2008 BP 305 EP 325 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM75 UT WOS:000254345200036 ER PT B AU Krantz, T Tufts, B AF Krantz, Timothy Tufts, Brian GP ASME TI Pitting and bending fatigue evaluations of a new case-carburized gear steel SO DETC2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB The power density of a gearbox is an important consideration for many applications and is especially important for gearboxes used on aircraft. One approach to improving power density of gearing is to improve the steel properties by design of the alloy. The alloy tested in this work was designed to be case-carburized with surface hardness of Rockwell C66 after hardening. Test gear performance was evaluated using surface fatigue tests and single-tooth bending fatigue tests. The performance of gears made from the new alloy was compared to the performance of gears made from two alloys currently used for aviation gearing. The new alloy exhibited significantly better performance in surface fatigue testing, demonstrating the value of the improved properties in the case layer. However, the alloy exhibited lesser performance in single-tooth bending fatigue testing. The fracture toughness of the tested gears was insufficient for use in aircraft applications as judged by the behavior exhibited during the single tooth bending tests. This study quantified the performance of the new alloy and has provided guidance for the design and development of next generation gear steels. C1 [Krantz, Timothy] USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Krantz, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4808-1 PY 2008 BP 863 EP 869 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM75 UT WOS:000254345200091 ER PT B AU Handschuh, RF Krantz, TL Lerch, BA Burke, CS AF Handschuh, Robert F. Krantz, Timothy L. Lerch, Bradley A. Burke, Christopher S. GP ASME TI Investigation of low-cycle bending fatigue of AISI 9310 steel spur gears SO DETC2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB An investigation of the low-cycle bending fatigue of spur gears made from AISI 9310 gear steel was completed. Tests were conducted using the single-tooth bending method to achieve crack initiation and propagation. Tests were conducted on spur gears in a fatigue test machine using a dedicated gear test fixture. Test loads were applied at the highest point of single tooth contact. Gear bending stresses for a given testing load were calculated using a linear-elastic finite element model. Test data were accumulated from 1/4 cycle to several thousand cycles depending on the test stress level. The relationship of stress and cycles for crack initiation was found to be semi-logarithmic. The relationship of stress and cycles for crack propagation was found to be linear. For the range of loads investigated, the crack propagation phase is related to the level of load being applied. Very high loads have comparable crack initiation and propagation times whereas lower loads can have a much smaller number of cycles for crack propagation cycles as compared to crack initiation. C1 [Handschuh, Robert F.; Krantz, Timothy L.] USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Handschuh, RF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4808-1 PY 2008 BP 871 EP 877 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM75 UT WOS:000254345200092 ER PT S AU Trang, A Agarwal, S Broach, T Smith, T AF Trang, Anh Agarwal, Sanjeev Broach, Thomas Smith, Thomas BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Exploiting "mineness" for scatterable minefield detection - art. no. 695317 SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XIII CY MAR 17, 2007-MAR 20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; minefield detection; spatial point process; marked point process; maximum log-likelihood ratio; expectation and maximization AB In a typical minefield detection problem, the minefield decision is based on the number of detected targets in a given field segment. The detected target locations are obtained by an anomaly detector, such as the RX, using constant target rate (CTR) or constant false alarm rate (CFAR) thresholding. Specific shape and spectral features at the detection locations are used to assign "mineness" or "non-mineness" measures to the detections, which are further used for false alarm mitigation (FM). The remaining detections after FM are used to assign a minefield metric based on a spatial point process (SPP) formulation. This paper investigates how this "mineness" attribute of the detected targets can be exploited to improve the performance of scatterable minefield detection over and above that which is possible by FM. The distribution of the detections in the segment is formulated as a marked point process (MPP), and the minefield decision is based on the log-likelihood ratio test of a binary hypothesis problem. An elegant, linear complexity algorithm is developed to maximize this log-likelihood ratio. An iterative expectation maximization algorithm is used to estimate the unknown probability of the detection of mines. The minefield detection performance, based on SPP with false alarm mitigation and MPP formulation under both CTR and CFAR thresholding methods, is compared using thousands of simulated minefields and background segments. C1 [Trang, Anh; Broach, Thomas; Smith, Thomas] USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Trang, A (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7144-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6953 BP 95317 EP 95317 DI 10.1117/12.779585 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ29 UT WOS:000257638900036 ER PT S AU Koenig, G Koh, Y Howington, S Scott, C AF Koenig, G. Koh, Y. Howington, S. Scott, C. BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Phenomenology of thermal signatures of disturbed and undisturbed soils SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XIII CY MAR 17-20, 2007-2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE thermal signature; disturbed and undisturbed soil; soil properties ID BURIED MINES; IR AB The Engineering Research and Development Center participated in several field programs, mainly in desert areas, using ground-based and airborne thermal imagers and radiometers to investigate the thermal signatures of disturbed and undisturbed soils, including disturbed soils over buried munitions. Analysis of the thermal imagery indicates the thermal temperature difference between the disturbed and undisturbed soil varies diurnally. The thermal temperature differences have similar diurnal patterns for the different field programs and different environmental conditions. This paper presents the analysis of the field measurements and model simulations used to quantify the observed thermal temperature differences. C1 [Koenig, G.; Koh, Y.; Scott, C.] USA, ERDC Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Koenig, G (reprint author), USA, ERDC Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM George.G.Koenig@usacc.army.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7144-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6953 AR 69530Q DI 10.1117/12.777790 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ29 UT WOS:000257638900020 ER PT S AU Koh, G AF Koh, Gary BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Radar attenuation in desert soil SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XIII CY MAR 17-20, 2007-2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE attenuation rate; ground penetrating radar; desert soil AB Soil properties make a significant impact in the observed responses of various sensors for subsurface target detection. Ground penetrating radars (GPRs) have been extensively researched as a tool for subsurface target detection. A key soil parameter of interest for evaluating GPR performance is the soil attenuation rate. The information about the soil attenuation rate coupled with target properties (size, shape, material properties and depth of burial) can be used to estimate the effectiveness of radar sensors in a particular soil environment. Radar attenuation in desert soil is of interest in today's political and military climate. Laboratory measurements of desert soil attenuation were conducted using samples collected from a desert in Southwestern United States and in Iraq. These measurements were made in a coaxial waveguide over the frequency ranging from 250 MHz to 4 GHz. The soil grain size distribution, mineralogy, moisture and salinity were also measured. This report describes the experimental procedure and presents the radar attenuation rates observed in desert soils. The results show that the soluble salt content is an important parameter affecting the attenuation behavior of desert soils. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Koh, G (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM yeohoon.g.koh@usace.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7144-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6953 AR 69530X DI 10.1117/12.777816 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ29 UT WOS:000257638900027 ER PT S AU Phan, C Rupp, R Agarwal, S Trang, A Nair, S AF Phan, Chung Rupp, Ronald Agarwal, Sanjeev Trang, Anh Nair, Sumesh BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Comparative performance between compressed and uncompressed airborne imagery SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XIII CY MAR 17-20, 2007-2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; JPEG-2000; data compression; RX algorithm ID CFAR DETECTION AB The US Army's RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD), Countermine Division is evaluating the compressibility of airborne multi-spectral imagery for mine and minefield detection application. Of particular interest is to assess the highest image data compression rate that can be afforded without the loss of image quality for war fighters in the loop and performance of near real time mine detection algorithm. The JPEG-2000 compression standard is used to perform data compression. Both lossless and lossy compressions are considered. A multi-spectral anomaly detector such as RX (Reed & Xiaoli) [1], which is widely used as a core algorithm baseline in airborne mine and minefield detection on different mine types, minefields, and terrains to identify potential individual targets, is used to compare the mine detection performance. This paper presents the compression scheme and compares detection performance results between compressed and uncompressed imagery for various level of compressions. The compression efficiency is evaluated and its dependence upon different backgrounds and other factors are documented and presented using multi-spectral data. C1 [Phan, Chung; Rupp, Ronald; Trang, Anh] USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Phan, C (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7144-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6953 AR 69530U DI 10.1117/12.782360 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ29 UT WOS:000257638900024 ER PT S AU Pelaez, JC AF Pelaez, Juan C. BE Tjoa, AM Wagner, RR TI Patterns for tactical VoIPoW architectures SO DEXA 2008: 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATABASE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications - DEXA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications CY SEP 01-05, 2008 CL Turin, ITALY AB In a tactical environment, the rapid, secure, and reliable transmission of data can mean the difference between life and death. Tactical networking technology is useful not only to the military, but also to law enforcement and emergency services. Voice over Internet Protocol over Wireless (VoIPoW) has had a strong effect on tactical internetworking by allowing human voice and video to travel over existing packet data networks along with traditional data packets. Wi-Fi and WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access), also known as the IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 respectively, are the two standard protocols used today for providing wireless access in VoIPoW. In order to provide complete end-to-end connectivity, interworking between these standards is necessary since the WiMax purpose is to expand the range of wireless systems access. Presented here are the VoIP over Wi-Fi Network Architecture Pattern, which describes the structural and dynamic aspects of the wireless network which are relevant for security; followed by a Hybrid Voice over Wi-Fi/WiMax Network Architecture Pattern that combines Wi-Fi and WiMax standards. The objective is to develop an architectural pattern-based methodology that can be used to guide the design of wireless VoIP systems and products as well as to simulate these systems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Pelaez, JC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1529-4188 BN 978-0-7695-3299-8 J9 INT WORKSHOP DATABAS PY 2008 BP 323 EP 327 DI 10.1109/DEXA.2008.35 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIH38 UT WOS:000259487400054 ER PT B AU Murray, CK Hospenthal, DR AF Murray, Clinton K. Hospenthal, Duane R. BE Hospenthal, DR Rinaldi, MG TI Approach to Patients with Suspected Fungal Infections SO DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HUMAN MYCOSES SE Infectious Disease LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ORGAN-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; CARE UNIT PATIENTS; INVASIVE MYCOSES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STATES; MANAGEMENT; DISEASES; TRENDS C1 [Murray, Clinton K.; Hospenthal, Duane R.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Murray, Clinton K.; Hospenthal, Duane R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-58829-822-5 J9 INFECT DIS PY 2008 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1007/978-1-59745-325-7_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-59745-325-7 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Virology GA BKK77 UT WOS:000268394800001 ER PT J AU Blacksell, SD Mammen, MP Thongpaseuth, S Gibbons, RV Jarman, RG Jenjaroen, K Nisalak, A Phetsouvanh, R Newton, PN Day, NPJ AF Blacksell, Stuart D. Mammen, Mammen P. Thongpaseuth, Soulignasack Gibbons, Robert V. Jarman, Richard G. Jenjaroen, Kemajittra Nisalak, Ananda Phetsouvanh, Rattanaphone Newton, Paul N. Day, Nicholas P. J. TI Evaluation of the Panbio dengue virus nonstructural 1 antigen detection and immunoglobulin M antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the diagnosis of acute dengue infections in Laos SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE dengue; serology; point-of-care; diagnosis; immunochromatographic; Laos; NS1; IgM ID PROTEIN NS1; SECONDARY INFECTIONS; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; RESPONSES; TSUTSUGAMUSHI; IMMUNOASSAY; TRAVELERS; PHASE; SERUM AB We evaluated 2 commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the diagnosis of dengue infection; one a serologic test for imimmoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, the other based on detection of dengue virus nonstructural 1 (NS1) antigen. Using gold standard reference serology on paired sera, 41% (38/92 patients) were dengue confirmed, with 4 (11%) acute primary and 33 (87%) acute secondary infections (1 was of indeterminate status). Sensitivity of the NS1-ELISA was 63% (95% confidence interval [CI], 53-73) on admission samples but was much less sensitive (5%; 95% CI, 1-10) on convalescent samples. The IgM capture ELISA had a lower but statistically equivalent sensitivity compared with the NS 1-ELISA for admission samples (45%; 95% CI, 35-55) but was more sensitive on convalescent samples (58%; 95% CI, 48-68). The results of the NS1 and IgM capture ELISAs were combined using a logical OR operator, increasing the sensitivity for admission samples (79%; 95% CI, 71-87), convalescent samples (63%; 95% CI, 53-73), and all samples (71%; 95% Cl, 65-78). (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Blacksell, Stuart D.; Thongpaseuth, Soulignasack; Phetsouvanh, Rattanaphone; Newton, Paul N.; Day, Nicholas P. J.] Mahosot Hosp, Microbiol Lab, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp Oxford Trop Med Res C, Vientiane, Lao PDR, Thailand. [Blacksell, Stuart D.; Newton, Paul N.; Day, Nicholas P. J.] Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. [Blacksell, Stuart D.; Jenjaroen, Kemajittra; Day, Nicholas P. J.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Wellcome Trust Mahidol Univ Oxford Trop Med Progr, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Mammen, Mammen P.; Gibbons, Robert V.; Jarman, Richard G.; Nisalak, Ananda] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Blacksell, SD (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Wellcome Trust Mahidol Univ Oxford Trop Med Progr, 420-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM stuart@tropmedres.ac OI Blacksell, Stuart/0000-0001-6576-726X FU Wellcome Trust NR 27 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 60 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.07.011 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 247YA UT WOS:000252117300006 PM 17889487 ER PT J AU Wilson, T MacDowell, M Salber, P Montrose, G Hamm, C AF Wilson, Thomas MacDowell, Martin Salber, Patricia Montrose, Gary Hamm, Carolyn TI Evaluation Methods in Disease Management Studies 2004-07 SO DISEASE MANAGEMENT & HEALTH OUTCOMES LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE COSTS; QUALITY-OF-CARE; HEART-FAILURE; SERVICE UTILIZATION; IMPROVING QUALITY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; PROGRAM; INVESTMENT; OUTCOMES; RETURN AB A variety of program evaluation designs are available to assess the impact of disease or care management programs, which can make it difficult to compare outcomes of different interventions. The need to compare programs has resulted in consideration of standardizing evaluations of disease management programs; however, recommendations on the conduct of such evaluations have not been widely adopted. The purpose of this article is to examine the consistency of study characteristics of disease management peer reviewed evaluations over a 3-year period (1 January 2004-28 February 2007) and to suggest questions that must be answered to ensure basic transparency of methods and metrics. Study designs vary considerably among the current literature on evaluations of disease management interventions involving US health plans (25 studies). The mechanism for defining the intervention populations were not consistent, even among interventions focused on a single disease, and evaluations employed both administrative and clinical data. The current literature included both randomized (n = 10) and non-randomized studies (n = 15). The referent population varied among the non-randomized studies, and included data from the pre-intervention period and both concurrent and historical control groups. The outcome metrics used in the evaluations included mortality and readmission rates, as well as time to readmission and various cost parameters. The majority of reviewed studies corrected for the confounding variables of age and sex, and a high proportion corrected for a range of other confounding factors. In conclusion, the evaluations of disease management programs in the literature cannot be considered standardized. To increase the transparency and validity of disease management intervention evaluations, we recommend consideration of five basic questions regarding intervention descriptions, intervention population, referent population, outcomes metrics, and confounding variables. Standardization on such basic parameters is a necessary step towards being able to assess the quality and validity of evaluations. Such standardization is essential for comparing the effectiveness of alternative programs, and to enable data-driven value-based purchasing decisions. C1 [Wilson, Thomas; MacDowell, Martin; Salber, Patricia; Montrose, Gary; Hamm, Carolyn] Populat Hlth Impact Inst, Loveland, OH 45140 USA. [Wilson, Thomas] Trajectory Healthcare LLC, Loveland, OH USA. [MacDowell, Martin] ULC Coll Med Rockford, Rockford, IL USA. [Salber, Patricia] Univ Amer Corp, Houston, TX USA. [Montrose, Gary] Montrose Healthcare Strategies LLC, Denver, CO USA. [Hamm, Carolyn] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wilson, T (reprint author), Populat Hlth Impact Inst, 10663 Loveland Madeira Rd 210, Loveland, OH 45140 USA. EM twilson@phiinstitute.org FU Health Industry Forum at Brandeis University FX This article was funded in part by an unrestricted educational.-rant from the Health Industry Forum at Brandeis University provided to the Population Health Impact Institute. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 1173-8790 J9 DIS MANAG HEALTH OUT JI Dis. Manag. Health Outcomes PY 2008 VL 16 IS 5 BP 365 EP 373 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 393CP UT WOS:000262348800014 ER PT S AU Still, DL Temme, LA AF Still, David L. Temme, Leonard A. BE Thomas, JT Malloy, A TI Hover training display: Rationale and implementation SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diplay Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics II CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Hover is an essential component of rotary wing aviation but learning to hover is extremely difficult. From the viewpoint inside the cockpit, the beginning student neither sees nor understands what needs to be done to control the aircraft. This is because the out-the-window real world visual cues' suffer from two primary shortcomings. First, the real world visual cues are ambiguous. For example, the relative motion of the ground moving under the nose may indicate for-ward flight, pitching upward, vertical ascent, or any combination of these. Second, human ability to judge aircraft pitch by itself is insufficient to stabilize the aircraft; such other clues as relative motion or parallax are needed to augment pitch judgments to set aircraft attitude adequately. We report a training display (TD) designed to assist training rotary wing hover. The TD is specifically constructed to. communicate aircraft performance and attitude to the student pilot and to disambiguate the external world's features and motions cues into symbology that allows each cue independently to support sufficient levels of parameter resolution. Our preliminary observations, based on pilot data collected during the design, parameterization, and calibration of the TD indicate that it meets its goals in a fashion that enables beginning flight students to understand and interpret the motion cues of the real world out-the-window view. C1 [Still, David L.; Temme, Leonard A.] USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Still, DL (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, POB 577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7147-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6956 AR 695607 DI 10.1117/12.780135 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY73 UT WOS:000257485400007 ER PT J AU Ray, R Keyser, B Benton, B Daher, A Simbulan-Rosenthal, CM Rosenthal, DS AF Ray, Radharaman Keyser, Brian Benton, Betty Daher, Ahmad Simbulan-Rosenthal, Cynthia M. Rosenthal, Dean S. TI Sulfur mustard induces apoptosis in cultured normal human airway epithelial cells: Evidence of a dominant caspase-8-mediated pathway and differential cellular responses SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; inhalation injury; apoptosis; caspases; caspase-8; airway epithelial cells ID CYTOCHROME-C RELEASE; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; CHEMICAL WARFARE; IRANIAN VETERANS; TOXICITY; DEATH; PROTEINS; COMPLICATIONS; MITOCHONDRIA; CALMODULIN AB We have shown that sulfur mustard (SM; bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide), an alkylating, vesicating chemical warfare agent, causes dermal toxicity, including skin microblisters, via the induction of both death receptor (DR) and mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes. While SM is known for its skin-vesicating properties, respiratory tract lesions are the main source of morbidity and mortality after inhalation exposure. We, therefore, investigated whether SM induces apoptotic cell death in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) in vitro. Cells were exposed to various concentrations of SM (0, 50, 100, and 300 mu M for 16 h) in the culture medium and then tested for the activation of apoptotic executioner caspase-3 and initiator caspases-8 and -9. Caspases-8 and -3 were activated by SM in both airway cell types, indicating the induction of a DR pathway of apoptosis in these cells; however, the levels of enzyme activation were different, depending on the cell type and the SM concentrations used. Consistent with enzyme activity results, immunoblot analyses revealed the proteolytic processing of the proenzymes to the active forms of caspases-8 and -3 in these cells after SM exposure. Interestingly, NHBE cells were found to be exquisitely sensitive to SM, compared to SAEC, with caspase-3 activities in SM-exposed NHBE cells similar to 2-fold higher and caspase-8 activities similar to 10-fold higher than in SAEC. Furthermore, SM activated caspase-9 in NHBE cells, but not in SAEC, indicating a possible role of the mitochondrial pathway only in the NHBE cells. The present study shows that both upper airway (NHBE cells) and deep lung (SAEC) epithelial cells undergo SM-induced apoptotic death in vitro, but distinct cell-type specific responses can be elicited, which may be attributed to intrinsic properties that characterize the response of these cells to SM. These findings need to be taken into consideration in the search for modulators of these pathways for the therapeutic intervention to reduce SM injury due to respiratory tract lesions. C1 [Ray, Radharaman; Keyser, Brian; Benton, Betty] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Cellular & Mol Biol Branch, Div Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Daher, Ahmad; Simbulan-Rosenthal, Cynthia M.; Rosenthal, Dean S.] Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC USA. RP Ray, R (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Cellular & Mol Biol Branch, Div Res, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM radharaman.ray@us.army.mil FU NCI NIH HHS [1R01 CA100443-01A1, R01 CA100443-05, R01 CA100443] NR 28 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1080/01480540701688840 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 250TJ UT WOS:000252323200010 PM 18161513 ER PT J AU Hadden, RL AF Hadden, R. Lee TI THE HERINGEN COLLECTION OF THE US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LIBRARY, RESTON, VIRGINIA SO EARTH SCIENCES HISTORY LA English DT Article AB A special collection of German, Polish, and Russian language books, maps and reports in the US Geological Survey Library has an interesting and unusual history. The so-called 'Heringen Collection' came from Nazi Germany. Many of these items were captured from libraries, offices and even private homes as the German Army advanced into neighboring countries. In the last days of the war, these maps, reports, photos and other records were sent from the Military Geology offices in Berlin to the safety of a deep potash mineshaft in Heringen (Werra), in Hessen, Germany. A group of US Army soldiers found these lost records of the Third Reich. When removed from the Heringen mine, those records that dealt with the earth sciences, terrain analysis, military geology and other geological matters were sent to the USGS, and eventually came to reside at the USGS Library. The printed papers and books were mostly incorporated into the main collection, but a portion of the materials have never been cataloged, calendared or indexed. These materials have many current uses, including projects of value to citizens in their nations of origin. C1 US Army Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Hadden, RL (reprint author), US Army Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. EM Robert.L.Hadden@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU HISTORY EARTH SCIENCES SOC PI SHREWSBURY PA C/O DAVID I. SPANAGEL, SECRETARY 101 GROVE STREET, SHREWSBURY, MA 01545 USA SN 0736-623X J9 EARTH SCI HIST JI Earth Sci. Hist. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 242 EP 265 PG 24 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA 461IO UT WOS:000267258800006 ER PT J AU Wang, YL Covert, LN Anderson, TJ Lim, WT Lin, J Pearton, SJ Norton, DP Zavada, JM Ren, F AF Wang, Yu-Lin Covert, L. N. Anderson, T. J. Lim, Wantae Lin, J. Pearton, S. J. Norton, D. P. Zavada, J. M. Ren, F. TI RF characteristics of room-temperature-deposited, small gate dimension indium zinc oxide TFTs SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHANNEL LAYER; ZNO AB Depletion-mode indium zinc oxide channel thin film transistors (TFTs) with gate dimension of 1 x 200 mu m and dram-to-source distance of 2.5 mu m were fabricated on glass substrates using radio frequency magnetron sputtering deposition at room tempera-, ture. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited SiNx was used as the gate insulator. The threshold voltage was around -2.5 V. Saturation current density at zero gate bias voltage was 2 mA/mm, and a maximum transconductance of 7.5 mS/mm was obtained at V-ds = 3 V. The drain current on-to-off ratio was > 10(5). The maximum field effect mobility measured in the saturation region was similar to 14.5 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). A unity current gain cutoff frequency, f(T), and maximum frequency of oscillation, f(max) of 180 and 155 MHz, respectively, were obtained. The equivalent device parameters were extracted by fitting the measured s parameters to obtain the intrinsic transconductance, drain resistance, drain-source resistance, transit time, and gate-drain and gate-source capacitance. (c) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Wang, Yu-Lin; Lim, Wantae; Pearton, S. J.; Norton, D. P.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Covert, L. N.; Lin, J.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Anderson, T. J.; Ren, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zavada, J. M.] USA, Res Off, Div Elect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wang, YL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ren@che.ufl.edu NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 3 BP H60 EP H62 DI 10.1149/1.2825474 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 262AQ UT WOS:000253121800017 ER PT J AU Peterson, AA Vogel, F Lachance, RP Froling, M Antal, MJ Tester, JW AF Peterson, Andrew A. Vogel, Frederic Lachance, Russell P. Froeling, Morgan Antal, Michael J., Jr. Tester, Jefferson W. TI Thermochemical biofuel production in hydrothermal media: A review of sub- and supercritical water technologies SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID HOT-COMPRESSED WATER; PRESSURE AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; REDUCED NICKEL-CATALYST; GAS SHIFT REACTION; BIOMASS-DERIVED HYDROCARBONS; LOW-TEMPERATURE GASIFICATION; SYNTHETIC NATURAL-GAS; NOBLE-METAL CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; SUBCRITICAL WATER AB Hydrothermal technologies are broadly defined as chemical and physical transformations in high-temperature (200-600 degrees C), high-pressure (5-40 MPa) liquid or supercritical water. This thermochemical means of reforming biomass may have energetic advantages, since, when water is heated at high pressures a phase change to steam is avoided which avoids large enthalpic energy penalties. Biological chemicals undergo a range of reactions, including dehydration and decarboxylation reactions, which are influenced by the temperature, pressure, concentration, and presence of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. Several biomass hydrothermal conversion processes are in development or demonstration. Liquefaction processes are generally lower temperature (200-400 degrees C) reactions which produce liquid products, often called "bio-oil'' or "bio-crude''. Gasification processes generally take place at higher temperatures (400-700 degrees C) and can produce methane or hydrogen gases in high yields. C1 [Peterson, Andrew A.; Tester, Jefferson W.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Peterson, Andrew A.; Vogel, Frederic] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Energy & Mat Cycles, Villigen, Switzerland. [Lachance, Russell P.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Froeling, Morgan] Chalmers, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Antal, Michael J., Jr.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Peterson, AA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM testerel@mit.edu RI Vogel, Frederic/B-1020-2008 FU Society for Energy and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy award [DEFG3604GO14268]; Shell Oil Company; Paul Scherrer Institut; Martin Foundation; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Coral Industries Endowment of the University of Hawaii FX We would like to thank Bill Peters, Greg Stephanopoulos, Bill Green, Curt Fischer, Daniel Klein-Marcuschamer, Rory Monaghan and members of the Tester group from MIT; Larry Walker from Cornell; Robert Shaw from the Army Research Office; Brian Appel and Terry Adams from Changing World Technologies; Glenn Hong of General Atomics; Doug Elliott and Don Stevens from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Phil Marrone from Science Applications International Corporation; Jeff Resch of General Mills; Peter Girguis of Harvard University; and Samuel Stucki from the Paul Scherrer Institut for discussions and insights into hydrothermal processing, fuels, and the chemistry and biology in the vicinity of oceanic hydrothermal vents. We acknowledge and appreciate partial funding support from the Society for Energy and Environmental Research (through the U. S. Department of Energy award DEFG3604GO14268; support by the DOE does not constitute endorsement by the DOE of the views expressed in this article), Shell Oil Company, the Paul Scherrer Institut, the Martin Foundation, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, and the Coral Industries Endowment of the University of Hawaii. NR 289 TC 626 Z9 647 U1 54 U2 435 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 32 EP 65 DI 10.1039/b810100k PG 34 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 414KB UT WOS:000263861300016 ER PT J AU Goncalves, CK Tenorio, JAS Levendis, YA Carlson, JB AF Goncalves, Cecilia K. Tenorio, Jorge A. S. Levendis, Yiannis A. Carlson, Joel B. TI Emissions from the premixed combustion of gasified polyethylene SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; 2-STAGE COMBUSTION; WASTE PLASTICS; PYROLYSIS; POLYSTYRENE; TEMPERATURE; FLAMES AB An investigation was conducted on pollutants emitted from steady-state, steady-flow gasification and combustion of polyethylene (PE) in a two-stage furnace. The polymer, in pulverized form, was first pyrolyzed at 1000 degrees C, and subsequently, its gaseous pyrolyzates were burned, upon mixing with air at high temperatures (900-1100 degrees C). The motivation for this indirect type of burning PE was to attain nominally premixed combustion of the pyrolyzate gases with air, thereby achieving lower pollutant emissions than those emanating from the direct burning of the solid PE polymer. This work assessed the effluents of the two-stage furnace and examined the effects of the combustion temperature, as well as the polymer feed rate and the associated fuel/air equivalence ratio (0.3 < phi < 1.4). It was found that, whereas the yield of pyrolysis gas decreased with an increasing polymer feed rate, its composition was nearly independent of the feed rate. CO2 emissions peaked at an equivalence ratio near unity, while the CO emissions increased with an increasing equivalence ratio. The total light volatile hydrocarbon and semivolatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions of combustion increased with an increasing equivalence ratio. The generated particulates were mostly submicrometer in size. Overall, PAH and soot emissions from this indirect burning of PE were an order of magnitude lower than corresponding emissions from the direct burning of the solid polymer, obtained previously in this laboratory using identical sampling and analytical techniques. Because pyrolysis of this polymer requires a nominal heat input that amounts to only a diminutive fraction of the heat released during its combustion, implementation of this technique is deemed advantageous. C1 [Levendis, Yiannis A.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Goncalves, Cecilia K.; Tenorio, Jorge A. S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Met & Mat Engn, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Carlson, Joel B.] USA, SBCCOM Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Levendis, YA (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM y.levendis@neu.edu NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 372 EP 381 DI 10.1021/ef700379c PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 252GJ UT WOS:000252434700055 ER PT S AU Lambert, JH Karvetski, CW Ditmer, RD Abdallah, T Johnson, MD Linkov, I AF Lambert, James H. Karvetski, Christopher W. Ditmer, Renae D. Abdallah, Tarek Johnson, Melanie D. Linkov, Igor BE Gheorghe, A Muresan, L TI ENERGY SECURITY FOR INDUSTRIAL AND MILITARY INSTALLATIONS: EMERGENT CONDITIONS THAT INFLUENCE THE STRATEGIC SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGIES SO ENERGY SECURITY: INTERNATIONAL AND LOCAL ISSUES, THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES, AND CRITICAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURES SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Energy Security in the Black Sea Area - Critical Infrastructure Protection and System of Systems Engineering CY OCT 19-23, 2008 CL Bucharest, ROMANIA SP NATO ID MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS; DECISION-ANALYSIS; SCENARIOS AB We describe recent efforts integrating scenario analysis with multiple criteria decision analysis in support of strategic planning for the energy security of industrial and military installations. Energy security is an increasingly important issue for industrial and military installations. Disruptions of the grid and other outages for key buildings, facilities, and entire installations jeopardize critical activities and missions. Cost and supply volatilities of traditional energy sources and backup technologies increase the need for innovation in meeting energy demands. Part of such demands should be met with renewable energy sources. Each of the hundreds of installations of a large industrial or military organization presents a unique challenge in the attainment of energy security goals. This Chapter describes a framework to highlight what science, engineering, and other conditions most influence the planning of strategic investments in innovation for energy security. The framework aims to avoid surprises that could result from a failure to account systematically for the emergent conditions that affect industrial and military installations, including emergent conditions of regulation, technologies, economics, geopolitics, environment, and other topics. Science, engineering, and other investigative resources can be focused on the future conditions that most matter to the selection of technologies and their operations plans. C1 [Lambert, James H.; Karvetski, Christopher W.] Univ Virginia, Ctr Risk Management Engn Syst, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Ditmer, Renae D.] Stratcon, LIC, Singapore, Singapore. [Abdallah, Tarek; Johnson, Melanie D.; Linkov, Igor] US Army Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Lambert, JH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Ctr Risk Management Engn Syst, Charlottesville, VA USA. EM lambert@virginia.edu FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act; University of Virginia through the US Army Corps of Engineers; US Army Corps of Engineers at the Engineer Research and Development Center by the Installation Technology Transfer Program FX Preparation of this chapter was supported in part by American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funding to the University of Virginia through the US Army Corps of Engineers, and by funding provided to US Army Corps of Engineers at the Engineer Research and Development Center by the Installation Technology Transfer Program managed by the Assistance Chief of Staff for Installation Management. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-0718-4 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2008 BP 317 EP + DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0719-1_16 PG 3 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVW18 UT WOS:000292941100016 ER PT J AU Gold, VM Baker, EL AF Gold, Vladimir M. Baker, Ernest L. TI A model for fracture of explosively driven metal shells SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENTATION; CYLINDERS; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT; RINGS AB A model for fracture of explosively driven metal shells presented in this work is based on integrating three-dimensional axisymmetric arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian hydrocode analyses with analyses from a newly developed fragmentation computer code MOTT. The developed model was based on the Mott's theory of break-up of cylindrical "ring-bombs", in which the length of the average fragment is a function of the radius and the expansion velocity of the shell at the moment of break-up, and the mechanical properties of the metal. The validation of the MOTT code fragmentation model was accomplished using existing explosive fragmentation munition arena test data. After having established the crucial parameters of the model, a new explosive fragmentation munition was designed and optimized. Upon fabrication of the developed munition, the performance of the new charge was tested in a series of small-scale experiments including flash radiography, high-speed photography, and sawdust fragment recovery. The accuracy of the MOTT code predictions is excellent. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gold, Vladimir M.; Baker, Ernest L.] USA, TACOM ARDEC, Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Gold, VM (reprint author), USA, TACOM ARDEC, Bldg 3022, Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM vladimir.gold@us.army.mil NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 275 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.02.025 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 242XR UT WOS:000251760000008 ER PT S AU Jebb, CR Hummel, LJ Rios, L Abb, MA AF Jebb, Cindy R. Hummel, Laurel J. Rios, Luis Abb, Madelfia A. BE Liotta, PH Mouat, DA Kepner, WG Lancaster, JM TI Human and environmental security in the Sahel - A modest strategy for success SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND HUMAN SECURITY: RECOGNIZING AND ACTING ON HAZARD IMPACTS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Change and Human Security CY JUN 04-07, 2007 CL Newport, RI SP NATO DE human security; human insecurities; security environment; terrorism; living systems theory; Niger; Chad; Sahel AB The human security paradigm is a holistic and empathetic approach to understanding the security environment. The lens of the human security paradigm magnifies the roots of conflict and instability in the Sahel. The analysis of the insecurities that exist in Niger and Chad illuminates the condition or the Sahel's regional Security environment. Key to this analysis and the implications or conflict and potential for conflict is understanding the strong connection between the environment and human survival. This understanding Is an important First step in crafting effective policy. It is Important to recognize that policy making and implementation will take time, intelligence, critical analysis, patience, and empathy. Subsequently, the modest strategy for success will depend on the incremental, tireless, and focused work of a cooperative international community that will best succeed in creating a more peaceful and prosperous world. C1 [Jebb, Cindy R.; Hummel, Laurel J.; Rios, Luis] US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Abb, Madelfia A.] Seton Hall Univ, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. RP Jebb, CR (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM cindy.jebb@usma.edu NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8549-9 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2008 BP 341 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8551-2_16 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BID69 UT WOS:000258738000017 ER PT J AU Martel, R Robertson, TJ Doan, MQ Thiboutot, S Ampleman, G Provatas, A Jenkins, T AF Martel, Richard Robertson, Timothy James Doan, Minh Quan Thiboutot, Sonia Ampleman, Guy Provatas, Arthur Jenkins, Thomas TI 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in soil and groundwater under a waste lagoon at the former Explosives Factory Maribyrnong (EFM), Victoria, Australia SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TNT; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; ATRANS20; groundwater; site; contamination; lagoon ID FATE; TNT; TRANSPORT AB Energetic materials contamination was investigated at the former Explosives Factory Maribyrnong, Victoria, Australia. Spectrophotometric/high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was utilised to delineate a 5 tonne crystalline 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) source in a former process waste lagoon that was found to be supplying contaminant leachate to the surficial clay aquitard with a maximum-recorded concentration of 7.0 ppm TNT. Groundwater within underlying sand and gravel aquifers was found to be uncontaminated due to upward hydraulic gradients resulting in slow plume development and propagation. Adsorption and microcosm test results from a parallel study were used as input parameters to simulate aqueous TNT transport in the clay aquitard using ATRANS20 software. The simulated TNT plume was localised within a few metres of the source, and at steady state, though leaching rate calculations suggest that without mitigation or other changes to the system, persistence of the source would be approximately 2,000 years. Remediation strategies may involve removal of the near surface source zone and infilling with an impermeable capping to impede leaching while facilitating ongoing natural attenuation by anaerobic degradation. C1 [Martel, Richard; Robertson, Timothy James] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Robertson, Timothy James; Doan, Minh Quan] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Doan, Minh Quan] Civil Aviat Adm Vietnam, Air Navigat Dept, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Thiboutot, Sonia; Ampleman, Guy] DRDC Valcartier, Dept Def, Val Belair, PQ G3J 1X5, Canada. [Provatas, Arthur] DSTO, Weap Syst Div, Dept Def, Salisbury, SA 5111, Australia. [Jenkins, Thomas] Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Martel, R (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM richard_martel@ete.inrs.ca; roobbo@yahoo.com; doanminhquan@yahoo.com; sonia.thiboutot@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; guy.ampleman@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; arthur.provatas@dsto.defence.gov.au; tjenkins@crrel.usace.army.mil OI Martel, Richard/0000-0003-4219-5582 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1249 EP 1259 DI 10.1007/s00254-007-0713-y PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 248XV UT WOS:000252191400009 ER PT J AU Richter, E Masuda, K Cook, C Ehrich, M Tadese, AY Li, HY Owusu, A Srivastava, S Dobi, A AF Richter, Eric Masuda, Katsuaki Cook, Christopher Ehrich, Mathias Tadese, Atekelt Y. Li, Hongyun Owusu, Anthony Srivastava, Shiv Dobi, Albert TI A role for DNA methylation in regulating the growth suppressor PMEPA1 gene in prostate cancer (vol 2, pg 100, 2007) SO EPIGENETICS LA English DT Correction DE transcription; regulation; methylation; PMEPA1; NKX3.1; PSA; androgen receptor; GSTP1; decitabine; tumor suppressor; SP1; prostate cancer C1 [Richter, Eric; Masuda, Katsuaki; Cook, Christopher; Tadese, Atekelt Y.; Li, Hongyun; Owusu, Anthony; Srivastava, Shiv; Dobi, Albert] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, US Mil, Inst Canc, Dept Surg, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Richter, Eric] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Ehrich, Mathias] SEQUENOM Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Dobi, A (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, US Mil, Inst Canc, Dept Surg, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM adobi@cpdr.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1002 WEST AVENUE, 2ND FLOOR, AUSTIN, TX 78701 USA SN 1559-2294 J9 EPIGENETICS JI Epigenetics PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 307SS UT WOS:000256339200008 ER PT B AU Ibitayo, D Everhart, L Morgenstern, M Geil, BR Mitchell, JW AF Ibitayo, Dimeji Everhart, Lauren Morgenstern, Mark Geil, Bruce R. Mitchell, James W. GP IEEE TI Reliability Assessment of Lead-Free Universal Solder for Direct Bonding in Power Electronics Packaging SO EPTC: 2008 10TH ELECTRONICS PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE Electronics Packaging Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Electronics Packing Technology Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2008 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Reliabil, CPMT, ED Singapore Chapter, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Singapore Exhibit & Convent Bureau, Uniquely Singapore, Agcy Sci, Technol & Res, ASM, phoenix x ray, UTAC, WTech AB A novel, lead-free universal (rare earth) solder is investigated for high temperature power electronics packaging. The material is Sn-3.5Ag-0.5Cu solder with small additions of a rare earth element exhibiting superb bonding properties. It is capable of direct, reliable bonding of dissimilar materials without the use of flux and eliminates the need for multilayer metallization which is typically required to aid in wetting. The problem of surface oxidation is done away with because of the strong thermodynamic affinity of the rare earth metal in the solder to oxygen. [1] This paper offers a first investigation of the thermal performance and reliability of this universal solder joint for power switching applications. C1 [Ibitayo, Dimeji; Everhart, Lauren; Morgenstern, Mark; Geil, Bruce R.] USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Ibitayo, Dimeji; Mitchell, James W.] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Ibitayo, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM dibitayo@arl.army.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2117-6 J9 EL PACKAG TECH CONF PY 2008 BP 1364 EP + DI 10.1109/EPTC.2008.4763621 PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BJH30 UT WOS:000265818600218 ER PT J AU Yang, J Sinokrot, T Abdel-Malek, K Beck, S Nebel, K AF Yang, J. Sinokrot, T. Abdel-Malek, K. Beck, S. Nebel, K. TI Workspace zone differentiation and visualization for virtual humans SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE virtual humans; optimization-based method; human performance measures; workspace; zone differentiation AB Human performance measures such as discomfort and joint displacement play an important role in product design. The virtual human Santos, a new generation of virtual humans developed at the University of Iowa, goes directly to the computer-aided design model to evaluate a design, saving time and money. This paper presents an optimization-based workspace zone differentiation and visualization. Around the workspace of virtual humans, a volume is discretized to small zones and the posture prediction on each central point of the zone will determine whether the points are outside the workspace as well as the values of different objective functions. Visualization of zone differentiation is accomplished by showing different colours based on values of human performance measures on points that are located inside the workspace. The proposed method can subsequently help ergonomic design. For example, in a vehicle's interior, the controls should not only lie inside the workspace, but also in the zone that encloses the most comfortable points. Using the palette of colours inside the workspace as a visual guide, a designer can obtain a reading of the discomfort level of product users. C1 [Yang, J.; Sinokrot, T.; Abdel-Malek, K.; Beck, S.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Comp Aided Design, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Nebel, K.] US Army TACOM RDECOM, AMSRD TAR NAC 157, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Comp Aided Design, 111 Engn Res Facil, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM jyang@engineering.uiowa.edu RI Yang, James/G-9801-2012 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 EI 1366-5847 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 395 EP 413 DI 10.1080/00140130701685642 PG 19 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 269OI UT WOS:000253658100011 PM 18311614 ER PT J AU McBride, M Letowski, T Tran, P AF McBride, Maranda Letowski, Tomasz Tran, Phuong TI Bone conduction reception: Head sensitivity mapping SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE hearing threshold; radio communication; noise; bone vibration ID VIBRATOR TYPES; THRESHOLDS; AIR; AUDIOMETRY; PLACEMENT; HEARING AB This study sought to identify skull locations that are highly sensitive to bone conduction (BC) auditory signal reception and could be used in the design of military radio communication headsets. In Experiment 1, pure tone signals were transmitted via BC to 11 skull locations of 14 volunteers seated in a quiet environment. In Experiment 2, the same signals were transmitted via BC to nine skull locations of 12 volunteers seated in an environment with 60 decibels of white background noise. Hearing threshold levels for each signal per location were measured. In the quiet condition, the condyle had the lowest mean threshold for all signals followed by the jaw angle, mastoid and vertex. In the white noise condition, the condyle also had the lowest mean threshold followed by the mastoid, vertex and temple. Overall results of both experiments were very similar and implicated the condyle as the most effective location. C1 [McBride, Maranda] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Human Factors & Syst Dept, Daytona Beach, FL USA. [Letowski, Tomasz; Tran, Phuong] Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP McBride, M (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Human Factors & Syst Dept, Daytona Beach, FL USA. EM mcbri49e@erau.edu NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2008 VL 51 IS 5 BP 702 EP 718 DI 10.1080/00140130701747509 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 292OO UT WOS:000255276200008 PM 18432447 ER PT J AU Chen, JYC Terrence, PI AF Chen, J. Y. C. Terrence, P. I. TI Effects of tactile cueing on concurrent performance of military and robotics tasks in a simulated multitasking environment SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE human-robot interaction; military; multitasking; workload; individual differences ID ATTENTION; AUTOMATION; NAVIGATION; WORKLOAD; FEEDBACK; SYSTEM AB This study examined the concurrent performance of military gunnery, robotics control and communication tasks in a simulated environment. More specifically, the study investigated how aided target recognition (AiTR) capabilities (delivered either through tactile or tactile+visual cueing) for the gunnery task might benefit overall performance. Results showed that AiTR benefited not only the gunnery task, but also the concurrent robotics and communication tasks. The participants' spatial ability was found to be a good indicator of their gunnery and robotics task performance. However, when AiTR was available to assist their gunnery task, those participants of lower spatial ability were able to perform their robotics tasks as well as those of higher spatial ability. Finally, participants' workload assessment was significantly higher when they teleoperated (i.e. remotely operated) a robot and when their gunnery task was unassisted. These results will further understanding of multitasking performance in military tasking environments. These results will also facilitate the implementation of robots in military settings and will provide useful data to military system designs. C1 [Chen, J. Y. C.] USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, PEO STRI Field Element, Orlando, FL USA. [Terrence, P. I.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Chen, JYC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, PEO STRI Field Element, Orlando, FL USA. EM jessie.chen@us.army.mil NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2008 VL 51 IS 8 BP 1137 EP 1152 DI 10.1080/00140130802030706 PG 16 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 324UH UT WOS:000257544400002 PM 18608472 ER PT J AU Schiffman, JM Gregorczyk, KN Bensel, CK Hasselquist, L Obusek, JP AF Schiffman, Jeffrey M. Gregorczyk, Karen N. Bensel, Carolyn K. Hasselquist, Leif Obusek, John P. TI The effects of a lower body exoskeleton load carriage assistive device on limits of stability and postural sway SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE stabilogram diffusion analysis; balance; random motion; load carriage ID FOOT PLACEMENT; OPEN-LOOP; BALANCE; WALKING; BACKPACK; STANCE; ADULTS AB The study investigated the effects of using a lower body prototype exoskeleton (EXO) on static limits of stability and postural sway. Measurements were taken with participants, 10 US Army enlisted men, standing on a force platform. The men were tested with and without the EXO (15 kg) while carrying military loads of 20, 40 and 55 kg. Body lean to the left and right was significantly less and postural sway excursions and maximal range of movement were significantly reduced when the EXO was used. Hurst values indicated that body sway was less random over short-term time intervals and more random over long-term intervals with the EXO than without it. Feedback to the user's balance control mechanisms most likely was changed with the EXO. The reduced sway and relatively small changes in sway with increasing load weights suggest that the EXO structure may have functioned to provide a bracing effect on the body. C1 [Schiffman, Jeffrey M.; Gregorczyk, Karen N.; Bensel, Carolyn K.; Hasselquist, Leif; Obusek, John P.] USA, Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Schiffman, JM (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Jeffrey.Schiffman@us.army.mil NR 27 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2008 VL 51 IS 10 BP 1515 EP 1529 DI 10.1080/00140130802248084 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 350PM UT WOS:000259365600004 PM 18803092 ER PT J AU Yoon, YS Kaplan, LM Oh, SM McClellan, JH AF Yoon, Yeo-Sun Kaplan, Lance M. Oh, Seung-Mok McClellan, James H. TI Pruned multiangle resolution fast beamforming SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB Delay-and-sum (DS) beamforming is a simple processing method that can estimate the direction-of-arrival from multiple signal sources. The major advantage of DS beamforming is that it can handle wideband as well as narrowband signals. However, DS beamforming exhibits high computational complexity. The multiangle resolution fast beamformer was proposed as a computationally efficient approximation of DS beamforming, reducing the computational order of complexity from O(n(3)) to O(n(2)log n). In this paper, we introduce the pruned multiangle resolution fast beamformer to further reduce the computational complexity. The new algorithm includes an energy detector at intermediate stages of the fast beamformer to prune sectors that do not exhibit increasing energy consistent with coherent integration. Simulations are provided to assess the performance of the pruned fast beamformer. One use for the estimates from the pruned fast beamformer is to initialize high-resolution direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimators such as coherent signal subspace methods. Copyright (C) 2008 Yeo-Sun Yoon et al. C1 [Yoon, Yeo-Sun] Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Yoon, Yeo-Sun] Samsung Thales Co, Radar Syst Grp, Yongin, Kyunggido, South Korea. [Kaplan, Lance M.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Oh, Seung-Mok] Texas Instruments Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [McClellan, James H.] Georgia Inst Technol, CSIP, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Yoon, YS (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM ysyoon@ieee.org NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1687-6180 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2008 AR 328041 DI 10.1155/2008/328041 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 332EK UT WOS:000258065100001 ER PT J AU Do, Y Park, CG Kang, YS Park, SH Lynch, RM Lee, H Powell, BS Steinman, RM AF Do, Yoonkyung Park, Chae Gyu Kang, Young-Sun Park, Sung Ho Lynch, Rebecca M. Lee, Haekyung Powell, Bradford S. Steinman, Ralph M. TI Broad T cell immunity to the LcrV virulence protein is induced by targeted delivery to DEC-205/CD205-positive mouse dendritic cells SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD205/DEC-205; cellular immunity; dendritic cells; LcrV; Yersinia pestis ID YERSINIA-PESTIS INFECTION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; V-ANTIGEN; PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; IN-VIVO; GAMMA-INTERFERON; FUSION PROTEIN; PROTECTION; VACCINE; UNRESPONSIVENESS AB There is a need for a more efficient vaccine against the bacterium Yersinia pestis, the agent of pneumonic plague. The F1-LcrV (F1-V) subunit vaccine in alhydrogel is known to induce humoral immunity. In this study, we utilized DC to investigate cellular immunity. We genetically engineered the LcrV virulence protein into the anti-DEC-205/ CD205 mAb and thereby targeted the conjugated protein directly to mouse DEC-205(+) DC in situ. We observed antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell immunity measured by intracellular staining for IFN-gamma in three different mouse strains (C57BL/6, BALB/c, and C3H/HeJ), while we could not observe such T cell responses with F1-V vaccine in alhydrogel. Using a peptide library for LcrV protein, we identified two or more distinct CD4(+) T cell mimetopes in each MHC haplotype, consistent with the induction of broad immunity. When compared to nontargeted standard protein vaccine, DC targeting greatly increased the efficiency for inducing IFN-gamma-producing T cells. The targeted LcrV protein induced antibody responses to a similar extent as the F1-V subunit vaccine, but Th1-dependent IgG2c and IgG2c isotypes were observed only after anti-DEC-205:LcrV mAb immunization. This study sets the stage for the analysis of functional roles of IFN-gamma-producing T cells in Y.pestis infection. C1 [Do, Yoonkyung; Park, Chae Gyu; Kang, Young-Sun; Park, Sung Ho; Lynch, Rebecca M.; Lee, Haekyung; Steinman, Ralph M.] Rockefeller Univ, Cellular Physiol & Immunol Lab, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Do, Yoonkyung; Park, Chae Gyu; Kang, Young-Sun; Park, Sung Ho; Lynch, Rebecca M.; Lee, Haekyung; Steinman, Ralph M.] Rockefeller Univ, Chris Browne Ctr Immunol & Immune Dis, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Powell, Bradford S.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD USA. [Kang, Young-Sun] Konkuk Univ, Inst Biomed Sci & Technol, Dept Biomed Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea. RP Steinman, RM (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Cellular Physiol & Immunol Lab, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM steinma@mail.rockefeller.edu RI Do, Yoonkyung /F-5231-2010; Steinman, Ralph/F-7729-2012; OI Do, Yoonkyung /0000-0001-7947-4767; Park, Chae Gyu/0000-0003-1906-1308 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5 U54 AI057158, AI13013, R01 AI013013, R01 AI013013-23, U54 AI057158] NR 36 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1002/eji.200737799 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 256KA UT WOS:000252726300007 PM 18081041 ER PT J AU Swain, RM AF Swain, Richard M. TI The Philosophy of War and Peace SO EUROPEAN LEGACY-TOWARD NEW PARADIGMS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Swain, Richard M.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. RP Swain, RM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1084-8770 J9 EUR LEG JI Eur. Leg.-Towar. New Paradig. PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 BP 261 EP 262 PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 405ZM UT WOS:000263262800035 ER PT J AU Simon, J AF Simon, Jeffrey BE Merlingen, M Ostrauskaite, R TI The ESDP Between Washington and Brussels SO EUROPEAN SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY: AN IMPLEMENTATION PERSPECTIVE SE Routledge Advances in European Politics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Simon, Jeffrey] USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Natl Mil Strategy Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Simon, Jeffrey] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Simon, Jeffrey] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-01602-2 J9 ROUTL ADV EUR POLIT PY 2008 VL 50 BP 159 EP 172 PG 14 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BML86 UT WOS:000272753800012 ER PT J AU Jin, XN Ray, R Leng, Y Ray, P AF Jin, Xiannu Ray, Radharaman Leng, Yan Ray, Prabhati TI Molecular determination of laminin-5 degradation: a biomarker for mustard gas exposure diagnosis and its mechanism of action SO EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adhesion molecule; keratinocyte; laminin-5; protease inhibitor; skin blistering; sulphur mustard ID TISSUE MACROMOLECULAR COMPONENTS; SKIN FOLLOWING APPLICATION; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT; SULFUR MUSTARD; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; EPIDERMOLYSIS-BULLOSA; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; GENE LAMC2; IN-VITRO; ADHESION AB Laminin-5, a heterotrimer of laminin alpha 3, beta 3 and gamma 2 subunits, is a component of epithelial cell basement membranes. Laminin-5 functions as a ligand of the alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 6 beta 4 integrins to regulate cell adhesion, migration and morphogenesis. In the skin, laminin-5 facilitates the assembly of basement membranes; thus it is essential for a stable attachment of the epidermis to the dermis and recovery of damaged skin. Sulphur mustard (SM), also known as mustard gas, is a vesicant that has been employed as a chemical weapon in various conflicts during the twentieth century. Skin exposure to SM results in fluid-filled blisters; proposed mechanisms are inflammation, protease stimulation, basal cell death and separation of the epidermis from the dermis apparently because of the degradation of attachment proteins like laminin-5. Therefore, we investigated the effects of SM exposure on the degradation of laminin-5 and its three subunits, alpha 3, beta 3 and gamma 2 by exposing normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) to SM (0-300 mu M, 1-24 h). We found that SM degraded laminin-5 and its two subunits beta 3 and gamma 2, but not alpha 3. Preincubation of cells with a serine protease inhibitor (PMSF), or a metalloprotease inhibitor (1,10-phenanthroline) prior to SM exposure partially prevented SM-induced degradation of laminin-5 subunits, beta 3 and gamma 2. Specificity studies showed that the degradation of laminin-5 gamma 2 was due to a bifunctional mustard compound such as SM, but not due to the other alkylating agents tested. Our results support that laminin-5 degradation is an important mechanism of SM injury as well as a useful biomarker of SM exposure. The knowledge of the mechanisms of laminin-5 degradation in SM-exposed NHEK has potential application in developing cutaneous therapeutics against SM. C1 [Jin, Xiannu; Ray, Prabhati] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Mol Biol Sect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ray, Radharaman] NIH, NIMH, Biol Psychiat Branch, Mol Neurobiol Sect, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ray, P (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Mol Biol Sect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM prabhati.ray@us.army.mil NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-6705 J9 EXP DERMATOL JI Exp. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00632.x PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 239XX UT WOS:000251552700008 PM 18095945 ER PT J AU Henne, MB Bundorf, MK AF Henne, Melinda B. Bundorf, M. Kate TI Insurance mandates and trends in infertility treatments SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE infertility treatment; health insurance mandates; in vitro fertilization outcomes ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; MULTIPLE BIRTHS; COVERAGE; COST AB Objective: To examine the relationship between insurance mandates and the utilization and outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Design: Using clinic-level data from 1990 to 2001, we examined differences between states with and without insurance mandates in rates of utilization and outcomes of ART using multivariable least squares regression. Setting: National clinic registry data. Patient(s): Clinics performing ART, no patient-level data. Intervention(s): The type of insurance mandate in each state during each year of the study. Main Outcome Measure(s): Cycles per 1,000 women aged 25-44 years, live births per 1,000 cycles, and multiple births per live ART birth. Result(s): Use of ART grew rapidly during the 1990s and grew most quickly in states that adopted comprehensive insurance mandates. Compared with states without mandates, births per cycle were 4% lower and multiples per ART birth were 2% lower in states with comprehensive mandates. Conclusion(s): Comprehensive insurance mandates are associated with greater utilization of ART and lower rates of births per cycle and multiple births per ART birth. Whether the differences in outcomes are due to differences in embryo transfer practices or to patient characteristics is unclear. C1 [Henne, Melinda B.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Henne, Melinda B.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Policy Primary Care & Outcomes Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bundorf, M. Kate] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Henne, MB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 6900 Georgia Ave,NW,Room 2J06, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM inda.henne@amedd.army.mil NR 16 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 66 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.01.167 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 253DK UT WOS:000252498700010 PM 17482603 ER PT J AU Henne, MB Stegmann, BJ Neithardt, AB Catherino, WH Armstrong, AY Kao, TC Segars, JH AF Henne, Melinda B. Stegmann, Barbara J. Neithardt, Adrienne B. Catherino, William H. Armstrong, Alicia Y. Kao, Tzu-Cheg Segars, James H. TI The combined effect of age and basal follicle-stimulating hormone on the cost of a live birth at assisted reproductive technology SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE in vitro fertilization; cost analysis; assisted reproduction; FSH; age; IVF; ART ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; PROGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT; OVARIAN RESERVE; WOMEN; IVF; INFERTILITY; LEVEL; OLDER; PAY AB Objective: To predict the cost of a delivery following assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Design: Cost analysis based on retrospective chart analysis. Setting: University-based ART program. Patient(s): Womenaged >= 26 and <= 42 years with FSH levels <= 12 IU/L on day 3 undergoing a first cycle of fresh, nondonor ART. Intervention(s): Logit regression using a fractional polynomial model of age and basal FSH was used to estimate the probability of a live birth. Cost analysis was applied to the resulting prediction. Main Outcome Measure(s): The predicted probability of a live birth following ART based on a woman's age and FSH and the associated cost of a live birth. Result(s): Analysis of 1,238 first ART cycles produced a prediction model for live birth rates following ART incorporating both age and FSH. A cost analysis based upon combination of age and FSH revealed the cost of a live birth exceeded $100,000 when the probability of a live birth fell below 15% and the cost rose exponentially at lower probabilities of live birth. Conclusions(s): Based upon a woman's age and FSH and expected cost for a live birth using ART may be calculated. At live birth rates < 5%, the cost of ART is high and greatly exceeds the cost of donor cycles. This information is vital for patient counseling. C1 [Stegmann, Barbara J.; Neithardt, Adrienne B.; Catherino, William H.; Armstrong, Alicia Y.; Segars, James H.] NICHHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Henne, Melinda B.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed ART Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Stegmann, Barbara J.; Neithardt, Adrienne B.; Catherino, William H.; Armstrong, Alicia Y.; Segars, James H.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Kao, Tzu-Cheg] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Segars, JH (reprint author), NICHHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,CRC Room 1-3140,MSC 1109,10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM segarsj@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 HD008737-07] NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.02.016 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 253DK UT WOS:000252498700015 PM 17669406 ER PT J AU Feinberg, EC Levens, ED DeCherney, AH AF Feinberg, Eve C. Levens, Eric D. DeCherney, Alan H. TI Infertility surgery is dead: only the obituary remains? SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; OVARIAN ENDOMETRIOMAS; TUBAL-STERILIZATION; HYDROSALPINX FLUID; FERTILITY; REVERSAL; RATES AB Despite the multiple advantages of assisted reproductive technology compared with surgery, there remain several diagnoses for which surgery is still widely performed: distal tubal occlusion, regret of permanent sterilization, and endometriosis. Assisted reproductive technology is superior to surgery and should be offered as first-line treatment. C1 [Feinberg, Eve C.; Levens, Eric D.; DeCherney, Alan H.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Feinberg, Eve C.; Levens, Eric D.; DeCherney, Alan H.] NIH, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Feinberg, Eve C.; Levens, Eric D.; DeCherney, Alan H.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Assisted Reprod Technol Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Feinberg, Eve C.; Levens, Eric D.; DeCherney, Alan H.] NICHHD, NIH, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. [Feinberg, Eve C.; Levens, Eric D.; DeCherney, Alan H.] Uniformed Serv,Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. RP DeCherney, AH (reprint author), RBMB NICHD, NIH, 10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1109,Bldg 10,CRC,1-3140, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM decherna@mail.nih.gov NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.02.041 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 253DK UT WOS:000252498700034 PM 17509579 ER PT S AU Rabb, R Rogers, J Chang, D AF Rabb, Robert Rogers, John Chang, David GP IEEE TI Course Development in Interdisciplinary Controls and Mechatronics SO FIE: 2008 IEEE FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE Frontiers in Education Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference 2008 CY OCT 22-25, 2008 CL Saratoga Springs, NY SP IEEE DE Interdisciplinary engineering; multidisciplinary; controls; mechatronics AB As the future of engineering education emphasizes more interdisciplinary work, one logical starting point for this evolution is for faculty from different academic departments to work together. Engineering educators cannot ignore the real world's shifting focus to interdisciplinary engineering, and they should adapt as well. Similar to the total engineering process as a team effort, the engineering education process also benefits from excellent communications among a diversity of team members. This paper highlights a classical dynamical modeling and controls course with students from two different disciplines: electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. Faculties from both departments teach every semester. Sections are assigned to individual instructors but all activities are planned jointly. Course administration is the role of a course director and this role alternates between the two departments each semester. Responsibilities throughout the semester are shared between the instructors. This organizational structure is important, allowing the interdisciplinary faculty team to synchronize their efforts, each contributing their individual strengths and, resources to promote student learning and faculty development. The approach is being applied to the development of a new course, Mechatronics. This paper provides details that illustrate the structure and benefits of this interdisciplinary administrative model. C1 [Rabb, Robert; Rogers, John; Chang, David] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. EM robert.rabb@usma.edu; john.rogers@usma.edu; david.chang@usma.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0190-5848 BN 978-1-4244-1969-2 J9 PROC FRONT EDUC CONF PY 2008 BP 313 EP 317 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BMA59 UT WOS:000271669200070 ER PT S AU Bellocchio, A Crawford, B Byers, L AF Bellocchio, Andrew Crawford, Bobby Byers, Lynn GP IEEE TI Applying Physics to an Undergraduate UAS Design SO FIE: 2008 IEEE FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE Frontiers in Education Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference 2008 CY OCT 22-25, 2008 CL Saratoga Springs, NY SP IEEE DE aircraft performance; inductive learning; propeller efficiency; radio controlled airplane laboratory; Uninhabitated Aerial System (UAS) AB The Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering at the United States Military Academy requires its graduates to complete an integrative capstone design in their senior year. One of these projects involves the design, construction, testing, and demonstration of a small, highly autonomous, Uninhabited Aerial System (UAS). This particular capstone option was added to the list of available capstone projects in the fall of 2005. In the past, while students have been able to complete the design process relatively well, an area of deficiency for all capstone design teams has been the physical modeling of their design before construction. This paper will describe the progression of physical modeling and analysis for the systems' air vehicles over the course of the three years of the project's existence. In the first year, the two teams did little or no modeling. During the second year of the project, with three different teams, some modeling was attempted, but not verified through testing once the designs were constructed. At the start of the third year, one of the faculty advisors developed a detailed procedure for aerodynamic modeling and performance analysis, called the "Alpha.60 Laboratory". To augment the previous year's design pedagogy with an inductive learning component, the students were required to complete the laboratory on an existing airframe. They were then required to apply the same analysis to each alternative developed through the engineering design process. Upon selection and construction of their final design, the students will be required to validate their analytical predictions through flight testing. Preliminary results have shown marked improvement in the detail of the analysis and the level of the students' understanding of the underlying physics. An assessment of the laboratory's impact on this year's designs will also be presented. C1 [Bellocchio, Andrew; Crawford, Bobby; Byers, Lynn] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. EM andrew.bellocchio@usma.edu; bobby.crawford@usma.edu; lynn.byers@usma.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0190-5848 BN 978-1-4244-1969-2 J9 PROC FRONT EDUC CONF PY 2008 BP 391 EP 396 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BMA59 UT WOS:000271669200087 ER PT S AU Bertozzi, M Broggil, A Ghidoni, S Del Rose, M AF Bertozzi, Massimo Broggil, Alberto Ghidoni, Stefano Del Rose, Michael BE Laugier, C Siegwart, R TI Pedestrian shape extraction by means of active contours SO FIELD AND SERVICE ROBOTICS: RESULTS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Field and Service Robotics CY JUL 09-12, 2007 CL Chamonix, FRANCE ID MOTION AB This article presents a shape extraction and results of a preliminary validation stage for a pedestrian detection system based on the use of active contours. The complete system is based on the use of both far infrared and visible cameras to detect areas that potentially contain pedestrians; in order to validate and filter such result a refinement of the human shape by means of active contours is performed followed by a neural network based filtering. C1 [Bertozzi, Massimo; Broggil, Alberto; Ghidoni, Stefano] Dip Ing Informaz, Parma, Italy. [Del Rose, Michael] US Army TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. RP Bertozzi, M (reprint author), Dip Ing Informaz, Parma, Italy. EM bertozzi@ce.unipr.it; broggi@ce.unipr.it; ghidoni@ce.unipr.it; mike.delrose@us.army.mil OI Bertozzi, Massimo/0000-0003-1463-5384; Broggi, Alberto/0000-0002-0893-1331 FU European Research Office of the U. S. Army [N62558-05-P-0380] FX This work has been supported by the European Research Office of the U. S. Army under contract number N62558-05-P-0380. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-7438 BN 978-3-540-75403-9 J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO PY 2008 VL 42 BP 265 EP + PG 3 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BHV84 UT WOS:000256879200025 ER PT J AU McFaul, S Nath, J Corley, J Mester, C AF McFaul, Steve Nath, Jayasree Corley, Jason Mester, Craig TI Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Accumulation in Stored Packed Blood Cells SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 19-23, 2008 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 [McFaul, Steve; Nath, Jayasree] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Mester, Craig] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2008 VL 45 SU 1 BP S138 EP S138 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 371YF UT WOS:000260867900390 ER PT S AU Weyrauch, T Vorontsov, MA AF Weyrauch, Thomas Vorontsov, Mikhail A. BE Majumdar, AK Ricklin, JC TI Free-space laser communications with adaptive optics: Atmospheric compensation experiments SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS: PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCES SE Optical and Fiber Communications Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHASE-DISTORTION CORRECTION; DEFORMABLE MIRRORS; SYSTEM; PROPAGATION; OPTIMIZATION; BEAM AB Refractive index inhomogeneities of the turbulent air cause wave-front distortions of optical waves propagating through the atmosphere, leading to such effects as beam spreading, beam wander, and intensity fluctuations (scintillations). These distortions are responsible for severe signal fading in free-space optical communications systems and therefore compromise link reliability. Wave-front distortions can be mitigated, in principle, with adaptive optics, i.e., real-time wave-front control, reducing the likeliness of signal fading. However, adaptive optics technology, currently primarily used in astronomical imaging, needs to be adapted to the requirements of free-space optical communication systems and their specific challenges. In this chapter we discuss a non-conventional adaptive optics approach that has certain advantages with respect to its incorporation into free-space optical communication terminals. The technique does not require wave-front measurements, which are difficult under the strong scintillation conditions typical for communication scenarios, but is based on the direct optimization of a performance quality metric, e.g., the communication signal strength, with a stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm. We describe an experimental adaptive optics system that consists of a beamsteering and a higher-resolution wave-front correction unit with a 132-actuator MEMS piston-type deformable mirror controlled by a VLSI system implementing the SPGD algorithm. The system optimizes the optical signal that could be coupled into a single-mode fiber after propagating along a 2.3-km near-horizontal atmospheric path. We investigate characteristics of the performance metric under different atmospheric conditions and evaluate the effect of the adaptive system. Experiments performed under strong scintillation conditions with beam-steering only as well as with higher-resolution wave-front control demonstrate the mitigation of wave-front distortions and the reduction of signal fading. C1 [Weyrauch, Thomas; Vorontsov, Mikhail A.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, Intellient Opt Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vorontsov, Mikhail A.] USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, AMSRL CI S, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Weyrauch, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, Intellient Opt Lab, AV Williams Bldg,Mail Stop 1103, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM weyrauch@umd.edu; mvorontsov@arl.army.mil NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1619-1447 BN 978-0-387-28652-5 J9 OPT FIBER COMMUN REP PY 2008 BP 247 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s10297-005-0033-5 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-28677-8 PG 25 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BKF23 UT WOS:000267946900005 ER PT J AU Zhou, YL AF Zhou, Yaling TI Regulatory T cells and viral infections SO FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK LA English DT Review DE regulatory T cells; Treg; CD4(+)CD25(+); virus; viral infection; immunosuppression; review ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNOLOGICAL SELF-TOLERANCE; PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; IN-VIVO EXPANSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXP3; MYELIN BASIC-PROTEIN AB Viral infections often lead to generalized immunosuppression characterized by the downregulation of virus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses and/or nonspecific inflammation. One of the mechanisms for the virus-induced immunosuppression is the induction of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells that act to suppress effector T cell functions during infection. Depending on the situation, the CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cell-mediated suppression can be either beneficial or detrimental to the host. On one hand, they play a critical role in maintaining host homeostasis by controlling exaggerated and destructive inflammations paralleling strong antiviral immune responses and thus contribute to host protection. On the other hand, suppression of virus-specific T cell responses by the Treg cells depresses host antiviral immune responses and thus facilitates viral persistence and disease progression. Despite numerous reports on induction of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells in viral infections, it is still not fully clear how they are induced and how they act to suppress effector T cell functions in viral infections. This review discusses recent progress in our understanding of the role of virus-induced CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells and the mechanisms by which they are induced and exert their function during infection. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Zhou, YL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 7,Rm 201, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM yaling.zhou@na.amedd.army.mil NR 217 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC PI IRVINE PA 16471 SCIENTIFIC WAY, IRVINE, CA 92618 USA SN 1093-9946 EI 1093-4715 J9 FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK JI Front. Biosci. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 13 BP 1152 EP 1170 DI 10.2741/2752 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 299SQ UT WOS:000255775700096 PM 17981620 ER PT J AU Sladek, CD Somponpun, SJ AF Sladek, Celia D. Somponpun, Suwit J. TI Estrogen receptors: Their roles in regulation of vasopressin release for maintenance-of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis SO FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE estrogen receptors; vasopressin; hypothalamus; Supraoptic nucleus; neurohypophysis; estrogen; androgen; osmoreceptors ID MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; HYPOTHALAMIC PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; GONADAL-STEROID MODULATION; RAT SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INTRON-SPECIFIC PROBES; NON-NMDA RECEPTORS; ARGININE-VASOPRESSIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; FEMALE RATS AB Long standing interest in the impact of gonadal steroid hormones on fluid and electrolyte balance has led to a body of literature filled with conflicting reports about gender differences, the effects of gonadectomy, hormone replacement, and reproductive cycles on plasma vasopressin (VP), VP secretion, and VP gene expression. This reflects the complexity of gonadal steroid hormone actions in the body resulting from multiple sites of action that impact fluid and electrolyte balance (e.g. VP target organs, afferent pathways regulating the VP neurons, and the VP secreting neurons themselves). It also reflects involvement of multiple types of estrogen receptors (ER) in these diverse sites including ERs that act as transcription factors regulating gene expression (i.e. the classic ER alpha as well as the more recently discovered ER beta) and potentially G-protein coupled, membrane localized ERs that mediate rapid non-genomic actions of estrogen. Furthermore, altered expression of these receptors in physiologically diverse conditions of fluid and electrolyte balance contributes to the difficulty of using simplistic approaches such as gender comparisons, gonadectomy, and hormone replacement to assess the role of gonadal steroids in regulation of VP secretion for maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. This review catalogs these inconsistencies and provides a frame work for understanding them by describing: (1) the effect of gonadal steroids on target organ responsiveness to VP; (2) the expression of multiple types of estrogen receptors in the VP neurons and in brain regions monitoring feedback signals from the periphery; and (3) the impact of dehydration and hyponatremia on expression of these receptors. 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sladek, Celia D.] Univ Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Sladek, Celia D.] Hlth Sci Ctr, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Somponpun, Suwit J.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Sladek, CD (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM celia.sladek@uchsc.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS027975, R01 NS027975-17, R01 NS27975] NR 107 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-3022 J9 FRONT NEUROENDOCRIN JI Front. Neuroendocrinol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 114 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.08.005 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 261MU UT WOS:000253084300007 PM 18022678 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI Dakota Days SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 1 EP + PG 13 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900003 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY Preparing the Army for Modern War Foreword SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP IX EP XII PG 4 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900001 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI Apprentice to Journeyman SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 13 EP + PG 13 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900004 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY Preparing the Army for Modern War Preface SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP XIII EP + PG 18 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900002 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI The 90th Division Goes to School SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 25 EP + PG 19 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900005 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI The 90th Breaks Out SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 41 EP + PG 29 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900006 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI Regular Army SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 67 EP + PG 9 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900007 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI CIA Detail SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 75 EP + PG 14 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900008 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI Armed Forces Staff College and a Second Battalion Command SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 87 EP + PG 15 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900009 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI Clever Chaps The View from the Chief's Office SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 101 EP + PG 15 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900010 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI School in London; Command in Schweinfurt SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 115 EP + PG 17 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900011 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI Back to Washington SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 131 EP + PG 38 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900012 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI Vietnam SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 143 EP + PG 25 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900013 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI The Big Red One SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 167 EP + PG 36 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900014 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI SACSA, Tet, and Policy Review SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 199 EP + PG 16 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900015 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI To Fix a Broken Army SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 213 EP + PG 26 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900016 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI TRADOC Commander The Army's Road Back SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 237 EP + PG 43 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900017 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI Retirement, Illness, Taps SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 275 EP + PG 19 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900018 ER PT B AU Stofft, WA AF Stofft, William A. BA Gole, HG BF Gole, HG TI Legacy An Army Ready to Fight the Next War SO GENERAL WILLIAM E. DEPUY: PREPARING THE ARMY FOR MODERN WAR SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stofft, William A.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7301-6 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2008 BP 293 EP + PG 9 WC History SC History GA BAJ19 UT WOS:000304325900019 ER PT S AU Geirhofer, S Tong, L Sadler, BM AF Geirhofer, Stefan Tong, Lang Sadler, Brian M. GP IEEE TI A Cognitive Framework for Improving Coexistence Among Heterogeneous Wireless Networks SO GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 08) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Cognitive Radio; Coexistence in Heterogeneous Networks; Interference Management ID ALLOCATION; SYSTEMS; CHANNEL; ACCESS AB The proliferation of wireless systems requires that the coexistence between heterogeneous technologies be addressed. This paper presents a cognitive framework in which sensing-based resource management of an infrastructure system effectively suppresses interference to close-by ad-hoc or peer-to-peer links. By utilizing its superior communication resources the infrastructure system estimates interference conditions and judiciously allocates transmission power such as to minimize interference. Despite adapting its transmission behavior, a rate constraint ensures that the infrastructure system continues to meet a specified quality-of-service level. The problem of optimal coexistence is formulated as a convex program. Structured solutions similar to classical water filling are derived and a solution method with guaranteed convergence is developed. An average-rate formulation extends the results to water filling across frequency and time. Numerical results corroborate our analysis and demonstrate a promising interference reduction. C1 [Geirhofer, Stefan; Tong, Lang] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sadler, Brian M.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Geirhofer, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sg355@cornell.edu; lt35@cornell.edu; bsadler@arl.army.mil FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance Program [DAAD19-01-2-0011] FX This paper was prepared though collaborative participation in the Communications and Networks Consortium sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance Program, Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-01-2-0011. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-2324-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2008 DI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.846 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS44 UT WOS:000287978004098 ER PT S AU Hernandez, M AF Hernandez, Miguel GP IEEE TI A Generalized, Mathematical Approach For Exploiting Stack Overflow Vulnerabilities On 2(n)-bit Architectures SO GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 08) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE AB In this paper, a generalized, mathematical approach for exploiting stack overflow vulnerabilities on 2(n)-bit architectures is presented. This approach can be applied to 32 and 64-bit architectures and to future architectures 128-bit and beyond. C1 USA, Res Lab, Survivabil Lethal Anal Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Hernandez, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Survivabil Lethal Anal Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-2324-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2008 DI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.410 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS44 UT WOS:000287978002042 ER PT S AU Lai, HQ Ibrahim, AS Liu, KJR AF Lai, Hung-Quoc Ibrahim, Ahmed S. Liu, K. J. Ray GP IEEE TI Location-Aware Cooperative Communications utilizing Linear Network Coding SO GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 08) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; PROTOCOLS; DIVERSITY AB Cooperative communication can be used to reduce the transmit power of distant mobile units, compared to conventional direct transmission, given the same quality-of-service. However, imposing the constraint of having orthogonal transmission for the source and relays leads to large delay in TDMA systems. For a network of N mobile units, the transmission delay would be N(N + 1)/2. In this work, we propose a location-aware cooperation-based scheme that aims to reduce transmit power of distant mobile units while maintaining a low transmission delay. The scheme utilizes a linear network coding protocol, where each mobile unit applies linear network coding to a set of transmit symbols that it has received previously. At the base station, multiuser detection is used to decouple the transmit symbols. Both decode-and-forward and amplify-and-forward cooperative protocols are considered. We show that our proposed scheme achieves a comparable bit-error-rate performance with the conventional cooperation-based TDMA scheme while requiring a delay of (2N - 1) time slots, a substantial reduction in the transmission delay. C1 [Lai, Hung-Quoc] US Army RDECOM CERDEC, AMSRD CER ST WL NS, Meyer Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. [Ibrahim, Ahmed S.; Liu, K. J. Ray] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lai, HQ (reprint author), US Army RDECOM CERDEC, AMSRD CER ST WL NS, Meyer Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-2324-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2008 DI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.883 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS44 UT WOS:000287978004135 ER PT S AU Li, LP Townsend, JK Ulman, RJ AF Li, Liping Townsend, J. Keith Ulman, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Multiple-Access Performance of Transmitted Reference UWB Communications with M-ary PPM SO GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 08) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE ID SYSTEMS; CHANNELS AB To increase the data rate for transmitted reference (TR) ultra-wideband (UWB) systems, M-ary pulse position modulation (PPM) is used in this paper. The multiple-access performance of such systems is investigated in a multipath environment. A new method to derive the variance of the Gaussian random variable resulted from multiple-access interference (MAI) is developed using the power delay profile (PDP) of the channel. By applying an upper bound, a general relationship is reached for system parameters such as the number of supported users, the bit error probability, the required E-b/N-0, and the data rate. Tradeoffs between system parameters are discussed as well in this paper. C1 [Li, Liping; Townsend, J. Keith] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ulman, Robert J.] US Army, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Li, LP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lli4@ncsu.edu; jkt@ncsu.edu; robert.ulman@us.army.mil FU The U.S. Army Research Office; Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, [DAAD19-00-1-0004, W911NF0710275] FX This work was supported by The U.S. Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, under contract numbers DAAD19-00-1-0004 and W911NF0710275. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-2324-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2008 DI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.752 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS44 UT WOS:000287978004004 ER PT S AU Li, LP Townsend, JK Ulman, RJ AF Li, Liping Townsend, J. Keith Ulman, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Transmitted Reference Ultra-Wideband Communications with M-ary PPM SO GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 08) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE ID SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; CHANNELS AB To increase the transmission data rate, we propose to use M-ary pulse position modulation (PPM) for transmitted reference (TR) ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. The performance of TR UWB systems employing M-ary PPM is investigated in multipath, multiuser environments without centralized power control. The interference from high-power users is shown to significantly degrade the performance of TR UWB systems using M-ary PPM. Chip discrimination is used to mitigate the detrimental effect of high-power users. Theoretical analysis on the performance of M-ary PPM applied to TR UWB systems is derived. A tight upper bound for the symbol error probability is obtained. Analysis and numerical results show that TR UWB systems with M-ary PPM using chip discrimination is robust against high-power interfering users in wireless networks where centralized power control is infeasible, such as ad-hoc networks. C1 [Li, Liping; Townsend, J. Keith] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ulman, Robert J.] US Army, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Li, LP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lli4@ncsu.edu; jkt@ncsu.edu; robert.ulman@us.army.mil FU The U.S. Army Research Office; Research Triangle Park, North Carolina [DAAD19-00-1-0004] FX This work was supported by The U.S. Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, under contract number DAAD19-00-1-0004 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-2324-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2008 DI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.753 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS44 UT WOS:000287978004005 ER PT J AU Wilson, I Forest, JJF AF Wilson, Isaiah, III Forest, James J. F. BE Wilson, I Forest, JJF TI Introduction to the Politics of Defence Policy SO HANDBOOK OF DEFENCE POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Wilson, Isaiah, III] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wilson, Isaiah, III] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Wilson, Isaiah, III] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Wilson, Isaiah, III; Forest, James J. F.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Wilson, I (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-80427-8 PY 2008 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVA60 UT WOS:000290901800002 ER PT J AU Silverstone, SA AF Silverstone, Scott A. BE Wilson, I Forest, JJF TI The Origins of 'New' Security Constructions Weapons Proliferation and the Preventive War Option SO HANDBOOK OF DEFENCE POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Silverstone, SA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-80427-8 PY 2008 BP 26 EP 45 PG 20 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVA60 UT WOS:000290901800004 ER PT J AU Winslow, D AF Winslow, Donna BE Wilson, I Forest, JJF TI The United Nations and Peace-keeping SO HANDBOOK OF DEFENCE POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Winslow, Donna] USA, Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Winslow, Donna] Free Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-80427-8 PY 2008 BP 76 EP 87 PG 12 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVA60 UT WOS:000290901800007 ER PT J AU Lujan, FM Kilroy, RJ AF Lujan, Fernando M. Kilroy, Richard J., Jr. BE Wilson, I Forest, JJF TI Latin American Defence Politics and Regional Security Co-operation SO HANDBOOK OF DEFENCE POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lujan, Fernando M.; Kilroy, Richard J., Jr.] USA, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Lujan, Fernando M.] 7th Special Forces Grp, Ft Bragg, NC USA. [Lujan, Fernando M.] House Comm Foreign Affairs, Human Rights Issues Involving Armed Grp, Panama, Colombia. [Kilroy, Richard J., Jr.] Virginia Mil Inst, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. [Kilroy, Richard J., Jr.] E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA. [Kilroy, Richard J., Jr.] US So Command, Panama City, Panama. RP Lujan, FM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-80427-8 PY 2008 BP 195 EP 212 PG 18 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVA60 UT WOS:000290901800015 ER PT J AU Pak, JH AF Pak, Jin H. BE Wilson, I Forest, JJF TI Defence Politics of the Korean Peninsula SO HANDBOOK OF DEFENCE POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Pak, Jin H.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. [Pak, Jin H.] USA, Washington, DC USA. RP Pak, JH (reprint author), 3rd Brigade, Infantry Div 1, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-80427-8 PY 2008 BP 251 EP 259 PG 9 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVA60 UT WOS:000290901800019 ER PT J AU Sherlock, T AF Sherlock, Thomas BE Wilson, I Forest, JJF TI Alone Together Russia and the US in the Post-Soviet Era SO HANDBOOK OF DEFENCE POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Sherlock, T (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-80427-8 PY 2008 BP 308 EP 323 PG 16 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVA60 UT WOS:000290901800024 ER PT B AU Jones, FL AF Jones, Frank L. BE Wilson, I Forest, JJF TI US Defence Policymaking A 21st-Century Perspective SO HANDBOOK OF DEFENCE POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, Frank L.] USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. [Jones, Frank L.] US Govt Serv, Off Secretary Def, Arlington, VA USA. RP Jones, FL (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-80427-8 PY 2008 BP 327 EP 341 PG 15 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVA60 UT WOS:000290901800025 ER PT B AU Dudas, D Snider, D AF Dudas, Dave Snider, Don BE Wilson, I Forest, JJF TI Recanting the Ghosts of Vietnam The Evolution of Modern US Land Warfare Doctrine SO HANDBOOK OF DEFENCE POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dudas, Dave; Snider, Don] USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. [Dudas, Dave] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Dudas, D (reprint author), MacDill AFB, J5 US Cent Command, Tampa, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-80427-8 PY 2008 BP 342 EP 360 PG 19 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVA60 UT WOS:000290901800026 ER PT B AU Cupp, OS AF Cupp, O. Shawn BE Wilson, I Forest, JJF TI Defence Consolidation in the US SO HANDBOOK OF DEFENCE POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Dept Logist & Resource Operat, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Cupp, OS (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Dept Logist & Resource Operat, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-80427-8 PY 2008 BP 361 EP 369 PG 9 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVA60 UT WOS:000290901800027 ER PT B AU Bowman, BL AF Bowman, Bradley L. BE Wilson, I Forest, JJF TI The Politics and Strategy of US Military Intervention in the Middle East SO HANDBOOK OF DEFENCE POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bowman, Bradley L.] USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Bowman, BL (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-80427-8 PY 2008 BP 370 EP 384 PG 15 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVA60 UT WOS:000290901800028 ER PT J AU Wilson, I AF Wilson, Isaiah, III BE Wilson, I Forest, JJF TI Duelling Regimes International Legal Constraints versus Humanist Intervention SO HANDBOOK OF DEFENCE POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wilson, Isaiah, III] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wilson, Isaiah, III] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Wilson, Isaiah, III] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Wilson, Isaiah, III] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Wilson, I (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-80427-8 PY 2008 BP 405 EP 425 PG 21 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVA60 UT WOS:000290901800031 ER PT J AU Driver, DW AF Driver, Darrell W. BE Weber, JA Eliasson, J TI Professionals, Bureaucrats and Citizen Soldiers: The Countervailing Patterns of American Military Administration SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY ADMINISTRATION SE Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Mil Acad, USA, Dept Social Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Driver, DW (reprint author), US Mil Acad, USA, Dept Social Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA J9 PUBLIC ADM PUBLIC PO PY 2008 VL 137 BP 9 EP 29 PG 21 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BKV46 UT WOS:000269371700003 ER PT B AU Meinhart, R AF Meinhart, Richard BE Weber, JA Eliasson, J TI Strategic Planning by the Chairmen, Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1990 to 2005 SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY ADMINISTRATION SE Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Meinhart, R (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA J9 PUBLIC ADM PUBLIC PO PY 2008 VL 137 BP 75 EP 97 PG 23 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BKV46 UT WOS:000269371700006 ER PT B AU Shay, JM Blakeman, ST Hughes, H AF Shay, John M. Blakeman, Seth T. Hughes, Hank BE Weber, JA Eliasson, J TI The History and Role of TRADOC System Manager (TSM) Abrams SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY ADMINISTRATION SE Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Shay, John M.; Blakeman, Seth T.; Hughes, Hank] USA, TRADOC Syst Management Off M1A2, Ft Knox, KY USA. [Shay, John M.] M1A2 Abrams, TRADOC Syst, Ft Knox, KY USA. RP Shay, JM (reprint author), USA, TRADOC Syst Management Off M1A2, Ft Knox, KY USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA J9 PUBLIC ADM PUBLIC PO PY 2008 VL 137 BP 145 EP 159 PG 15 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BKV46 UT WOS:000269371700009 ER PT J AU Miller, CR AF Miller, Charles R. BE Weber, JA Eliasson, J TI Defense Policy and Doctrinal Insulation SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY ADMINISTRATION SE Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, Miami, FL USA. RP Miller, CR (reprint author), USA, Miami, FL USA. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA J9 PUBLIC ADM PUBLIC PO PY 2008 VL 137 BP 191 EP 219 PG 29 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BKV46 UT WOS:000269371700011 ER PT J AU Nielsen, SC AF Nielsen, Suzanne C. BE Weber, JA Eliasson, J TI Civil-Military Relations Theory and Military Effectiveness SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY ADMINISTRATION SE Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID US MILITARY; SOCIETY; CRISIS; FEAVER; DAUBER; DESCH C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Nielsen, SC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA J9 PUBLIC ADM PUBLIC PO PY 2008 VL 137 BP 237 EP 253 PG 17 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BKV46 UT WOS:000269371700013 ER PT B AU Ulrich, MBP AF Ulrich, Mary Beth Peterson BE Weber, JA Eliasson, J TI Transformation at Last? Achieving Radical Military Reform in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (Reprinted from Public Administration and Management, vol 10, 2005) SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY ADMINISTRATION SE Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Reprint; Book Chapter C1 USA, War Coll, Dept Natl Secur & Strategy, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Ulrich, MBP (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Dept Natl Secur & Strategy, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA J9 PUBLIC ADM PUBLIC PO PY 2008 VL 137 BP 347 EP 371 PG 25 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BKV46 UT WOS:000269371700018 ER PT S AU Fellowes, DA Wood, MV Hastings, AR Ghosh, AP Prache, O AF Fellowes, David A. Wood, Michael V. Hastings, Arthur R., Jr. Ghosh, Amalkumar P. Prache, Olivier BE Brown, RW Marasco, PL Harding, TH Jennings, SA TI Active matrix organic light emitting diode (OLED)-XL life test results - art. no. 695508 SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAY XIII: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-and-Helmet-Mounted Displays XIII - Design and Applications CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE AMOLED; OLED; long-life OLED; lifetime; usable display lifetime AB OLED displays have been known to exhibit high levels of performance with regards to contrast, response time, uniformity, and viewing angle, but a lifetime improvement has been perceived to be essential for broadening the applications of OLED's in the military and in the commercial market. As a result of this need, the US Army and eMagin Corporation established a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to improve the lifetime of OLED displays. In 2006, eMagin Corporation developed long-life OLED-XL devices for use in their AMOLED microdisplays for head-worn applications, and RDECOM CERDEC NVESD ran life tests on these displays, finding over 200% lifetime improvement for the XL devices over the standard displays. Early results were published at the 2007 SPIE Defense and Security Symposium. Further life testing of XL and standard devices at ambient conditions and at high temperatures will be presented this year along with a recap of previous data. This should result in a better understanding of the applicability of AMOLEDs in military and commercial head mounted systems: where good fits are made, and where further development might be needed. This is a continuation of the paper "Life test results of OLED-XL long-life devices for use in active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays for head mounted applications" presented at SPIE DSS in 2007(1). C1 [Fellowes, David A.; Wood, Michael V.; Hastings, Arthur R., Jr.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis, AMSRD CER NV ST IT, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Fellowes, DA (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis, AMSRD CER NV ST IT, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7146-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6955 BP 95508 EP 95508 DI 10.1117/12.780147 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY72 UT WOS:000257484100007 ER PT S AU Ternme, LA Still, DL Houtsma, AJM AF Ternme, Leonard A. Still, David L. Houtsma, Adrianus J. M. BE Brown, RW Marasco, PL Harding, TH Jennings, SA TI The yaw, pitch, and roll of the head in a straight ahead orientation - art. no. 69550K SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAY XIII: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-and-Helmet-Mounted Displays XIII - Design and Applications CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID FLIGHT DISPLAYS AB Head mounted displays (HMD) are finding increasing use in a great many applications. These HMDs provide information ranging from a simple alphanumeric to complex graphical renderings of real or synthetic worlds. Some of these HMDs are opaque so that the user's vision is completely confined to what the HMD provides; others are see-through so that elements of the HMD may be superimposed simultaneously with the external world. Some see-through HMD applications incorporate graphical elements intended to be in some calibrated registration with elements of the external world such that the relation between the graphic and the world embodies the relevant information. For such displays to function as intended the head yaw, pitch, and roll are important. The present paper reports measures of head yaw, pitch, and roll when the head is in a straight ahead orientation. Volunteers oriented to either a visual or auditory target stimulus presented under a variety of conditions. For some conditions with the visual target, the visual field was restricted to less than 5 degrees (degrees); for other conditions vision was unrestricted. The auditory targets were presented in complete darkness. At the start of each trial, an acoustic warning signaled the volunteer to turn the head from an initial off-axis yaw and pitch to a target stimulus that defined the straight ahead yaw and pitch. Note that the stimulus left head roll completely undefined. Within- and between-subject head yaw, pitch, and roll statistics are reported and compared for the various stimuli. C1 [Ternme, Leonard A.; Still, David L.; Houtsma, Adrianus J. M.] USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Ternme, LA (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, POB 577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7146-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6955 BP K9550 EP K9550 DI 10.1117/12.780133 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY72 UT WOS:000257484100017 ER PT S AU Hiatt, KL Rash, CE Heinecke, K AF Hiatt, Keith L. Rash, Clarence E. Heinecke, Kevin BE Brown, RW Marasco, PL Harding, TH Jennings, SA TI Visual issues associated with the use of the Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) in the Apache helicopter - Three decades in review SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAY XIII: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-and-Helmet-Mounted Displays XIII - Design and Applications CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display; HMD; visual complaints and illusions; Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System; IHADSS AB In the late 1970s the U.S. Army developed the Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS)(a), which is a helmet-mounted display (HMD) for use in the AH-64 Apache helicopter. The helicopter and the system were designed with the Cold War in mind such that the Apache would be able to stand off far from the frontlines and attack deep targets - primarily tanks - before they could engage our ground forces. The design used a right-sided monocular display optical system that was intended to reduce head-supported weight. This novel monocular design introduced a number of issues that had the potential of causing visual perception problems for pilots. Since the initial fielding of the Apache in the early 1980s, numerous reports have appeared in the literature that evaluated realized visual complaints voiced by Apache aircrew. In this review, the authors provide a summary of seminal reports, surveys, and experiments conducted over the past three decades. The extant literature described investigated these visual issues as the Apache's mission has evolved from the stand-off engagement tactics of the Cold War to the new Apache missions of close air support, deep attack, and raids currently occurring in the Global War on Terrorism. C1 [Hiatt, Keith L.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Hiatt, KL (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7146-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6955 AR 69550C DI 10.1117/12.774499 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY72 UT WOS:000257484100010 ER PT S AU Kalich, ME Harding, TH Rash, CE AF Kalich, Melvyn E. Harding, Thomas H. Rash, Clarence E. BE Brown, RW Marasco, PL Harding, TH Jennings, SA TI Perceptual design tradeoff considerations for viewing I-2 and FLIR with current helmet-mounted displays SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAY XIII: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-and-Helmet-Mounted Displays XIII - Design and Applications CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display; HMD; hyperstereopsis; sensor offset; perspective distortion; indirect viewing; visual perspective shift; I-2 and FLIR ID ADAPTATION; FEEDBACK; MOVEMENT; VISION AB Providing both I-2 (image intensified) and FLIR (forward looking infrared) images on a helmet-mounted display (HMD) requires perceptual design tradeoffs. Primary considerations center on the number, type, and placement of sensors. Perceptual drivers for these tradeoffs are derived from monocular versus biocular/binocular displays and offset of the sensors from the design eye. These conditions can create binocular rivalry, perceptual perspective distortion or hyperstereopsis, a binocular perceptual distortion that occurs when the sensors are positioned further apart than the interpupillary distance (IPD). Each of these perceptual tradeoff considerations is discussed. C1 [Kalich, Melvyn E.; Harding, Thomas H.; Rash, Clarence E.] USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Kalich, ME (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7146-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6955 AR 69550F DI 10.1117/12.776759 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY72 UT WOS:000257484100012 ER PT S AU Rash, CE Heinecke, K FranciS, G Hiatt, KL AF Rash, Clarence E. Heinecke, Kevin FranciS, Gregory Hiatt, Keith L. BE Brown, RW Marasco, PL Harding, TH Jennings, SA TI Visual perceptual issues of the Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS): Four expert perspectives SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAY XIII: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-and-Helmet-Mounted Displays XIII - Design and Applications CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display; HMD; static visual illusions; dynamic visual illusions; Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System; IHADSS ID ATTENTION AB The Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) helmet-mounted display (HMD) has been flown for over a quarter of a century on the U.S. Army's AH-64 Apache Attack Helicopter. The aircraft's successful deployment in both peacetime and combat has validated the original design concept for the IHADSS HMD. During its 1970s development phase, a number of design issues were identified as having the potential of introducing visual perception problems for aviators. These issues include monocular design, monochromatic imagery, reduced field-of-view (FOV), sensor spectrum, reduced resolution (effective visual acuity), and displaced visual input eye point. From their diverse perspectives, a panel of four experts - an HIM researcher, a cognitive psychologist, a flight surgeon, and a veteran AH-64 aviator - discuss the impact of the design issues on visual perception and related performance. C1 [Rash, Clarence E.] USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Rash, CE (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7146-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6955 AR 69550D DI 10.1117/12.769524 PG 16 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY72 UT WOS:000257484100011 ER PT J AU Quinn, MJ Summitt, CL Ottinger, MA AF Quinn, Michael J., Jr. Summitt, Cassie L. Ottinger, Mary Ann TI Consequences of in ovo exposure to p,p '-DDE on reproductive development and function in Japanese quail SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE DDE; 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene; puberty; Japanese quail; reproduction; copulation; behavior; anti-androgen; development; avian ID CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; BLACK DUCKS; DDE; SUCCESS; EGGS; CHEMICALS; BIRDS; LAKE; BAY AB This study was conduced to assess the effects of a one time embryonic exposure to p,p'-DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; DDE) on the reproductive development and function in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Embryos were exposed at day one of incubation to either 20 or 40 mu g DDE or a sesame oil vehicle control (injection volume=20 mu l). Onset of puberty, gonadal histopathology, sperm motility, cloacal gland size, and mate copulatory behavior were assessed in adults. DDE accelerated onset of puberty in females and reduced male reproductive behaviors. Gonadal morphology and sperm motility appeared to be unaffected. Results from this study provide evidence that the neuroendocrine system may be more sensitive and less resilient to embryonic exposure to contaminants than traditional measures of reproductive success following contaminant exposure in adults. This study further supports the inclusion of behavioral assessments in toxicity tests. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Quinn, Michael J., Jr.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Toxicol, Hlth Effects Res Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Summitt, Cassie L.; Ottinger, Mary Ann] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Quinn, MJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Toxicol, Hlth Effects Res Program, Edgewood Area,Bldg E-2100, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM michael.james.quinn@us.army.mil NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.10.004 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 259YL UT WOS:000252976700030 PM 18021774 ER PT J AU Kiker, GA Bridges, TS Kim, J AF Kiker, Gregory A. Bridges, Todd S. Kim, Jongbum TI Integrating comparative risk assessment with multi-criteria decision analysis to manage contaminated sediments: An example for the new York/New Jersey harbor SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE decision analysis; multi-criteria analysis; New York/New Jersey harbor; cost estimates; sediments; sediment management; hazard ranking ID DREDGED MATERIAL MANAGEMENT AB Current environmental challenges involve complex assessment and analysis of tradeoffs among differing criteria, expectations, and levels of certainty. Using multi-criteria decision analysis in combination with comparative risk assessment, a systematic and transparent framework can be created to integrate different types and sources of decision-relevant information. Although examples of decision analysis abound in the literature and academic efforts, its use within the practice of risk assessment and environmental management is still being established. This article provides an example of the use of decision analysis study that builds on a previous screening-level, comparative risk assessment of contaminated sediment from the New York/New Jersey harbor area. Using multi-criteria decision analysis, we explored the effect of different criteria weights, utility functions, and cost estimates on the ranking of seven contaminated sediment management alternatives. Values used in weighting decision criteria were surveyed from two interaction sessions with sediment management professionals. C1 [Bridges, Todd S.; Kim, Jongbum] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Kiker, Gregory A.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Jongbum.kim@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 20 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 EI 1549-7860 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 495 EP 511 DI 10.1080/10807030802073214 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 316HV UT WOS:000256941100005 ER PT J AU Jones, DS Efroymson, RA Hargrove, WW Suter, GW Pater, LL AF Jones, Daniel S. Efroymson, Rebecca A. Hargrove, William W. Suter, Glenn W., II Pater, Larry L. TI The Apache Longbow-Hellfire Missile Test at Yuma Proving Ground: Ecological Risk Assessment for Missile Firing SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; impulsive sound; blast noise; missile; mule deer; Sonoran desert; military ID MILITARY AB A multiple stressor risk assessment was conducted at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, as a demonstration of the Military Ecological Risk Assessment Framework. The focus was a testing program at Cibola Range, which involved an Apache Longbow helicopter firing Hellfire missiles at moving targets, that is, M60-A1 tanks. This article describes the ecological risk assessment for the missile launch and detonation. The primary stressor associated with this activity was sound. Other minor stressors included the detonation impact, shrapnel, and fire. Exposure to desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) was quantified using the Army sound contour program BNOISE2, as well as distances from the explosion to deer. Few effects data were available from related studies. Exposure-response models for the characterization of effects consisted of human "disturbance" and hearing damage thresholds in units of C-weighted decibels (sound exposure level) and a distance-based No-Observed-Adverse-Effects Level for moose and cannonfire. The risk characterization used a weight-of-evidence approach and concluded that risk to mule deer behavior from the missile firing was likely for a negligible number of deer, but that no risk to mule deer abundance and reproduction is expected. C1 [Jones, Daniel S.; Efroymson, Rebecca A.; Hargrove, William W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Suter, Glenn W., II] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Pater, Larry L.] USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Efroymson, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM efroymsonra@ornl.gov OI Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X FU U. S. Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [CS-1054]; A Risk Assessment Framework for Natural Resources on Military Training and Testing Lands; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); UT-Battelle; LLC; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was funded by a contract from the U. S. Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project CS-1054, A Risk Assessment Framework for Natural Resources on Military Training and Testing Lands, to Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We thank Bob Holst and John Hall for serving as project sponsors and Winifred Hodge Rose and Keturah Reinbold of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) for serving as Co-Principal Investigators. We also acknowledge the contributors of data, guidance, manuals, programming advice, text reviews, activity descriptions, and other assistance: Valerie Morrill, Chuck Botdorf, and Junior Kerns from YPG Environmental Sciences Division; Sergio Obregon, David McIntyre, and Bruce Goff from Jason & Associates, YPG Office; Rick Douglas and Bert Evans from YPG Aviation and Airdrop Systems; Dick Gebhart and Kim Majerus from CERL; Todd Kuiken, Paul Hanson, and Robert Washington-Allen from ORNL; and Catherine Stewart from the U. S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 EI 1549-7860 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 898 EP 918 DI 10.1080/10807030802387507 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378QC UT WOS:000261338000004 ER PT J AU Thran, B Tannenbaum, L AF Thran, Brandolyn H. Tannenbaum, Lawrence V. TI The Concept of Data Utility in Health Risk Assessment: A Multi-Disciplinary Perspective SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE data utility; human health risk assessment; microbial risk assessment; ecological risk assessment; risk management AB Human and ecological health risk assessments and the decisions that stem from them require the acquisition and analysis of data. In agencies that are responsible for health risk decision-making, data (and/or opinions/judgments) are obtained from sources such as scientific literature, analytical and process measurements, expert elicitation, inspection findings, and public and private research institutions. Although the particulars of conducting health risk assessments of given disciplines may be dramatically different, a common concern is the subjective nature of judging data utility. Often risk assessors are limited to available data that may not be completely appropriate to address the question being asked. Data utility refers to the ability of available data to support a risk-based decision for a particular risk assessment. This article familiarizes the audience with the concept of data utility and is intended to raise the awareness of data collectors (e.g., researchers), risk assessors, and risk managers to data utility issues in health risk assessments so data collection and use will be improved. In order to emphasize the cross-cutting nature of data utility, the discussion has not been organized into a classical partitioning of risk assessment concerns as being either human health- or ecological health-oriented, as per the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund Program. C1 [Thran, Brandolyn H.; Tannenbaum, Lawrence V.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Environm Hlth Risk Assessment Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Thran, B (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Environm Hlth Risk Assessment Program, 5158 Blackhawk Rd,ATTN MCHB TS REH, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM brandolyn.thran@us.army.mil NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1104 EP 1117 AR PII 906307853 DI 10.1080/10807030802493743 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378QD UT WOS:000261338100002 ER PT S AU Bai, H Mi, CT Wang, CW Gargies, S AF Bai, Hua Mi, Chunting Wang, Chongwu Gargies, Sonya GP IEEE TI The Dynamic Model and Hybrid Phase-Shift Control of a Dual-Active-Bridge Converter SO IECON 2008: 34TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1-5, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Industrial Electronics Society LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society CY NOV 10-13, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Auburn Univ, Univ Seville, Univ Nova Lisbon, Univ Studi Catania DE Phase-shift control; dual active bridge; dc-dc converter; transient power; average model ID DC-DC CONVERTERS; DESIGN AB This paper presents an averaged model and a small-signal model of a bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter. Based on the proposed model, the stability and transient power flow in the system can be analyzed. A novel hybrid controller is proposed for the phase-shift based feed-back and feed-forward control of a 600V/10kW prototype. The hybrid controller can ease the difficulties of the parameter selection of a traditional PI. The effectiveness of the models and proposed hybrid controller are validated by simulations and experiments in both transient and steady state operations. C1 [Bai, Hua; Mi, Chunting; Wang, Chongwu] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. [Gargies, Sonya] US Army, RDECOM TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Bai, H (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. EM chrismi@umich.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1553-572X BN 978-1-4244-1767-4 J9 IEEE IND ELEC PY 2008 BP 2750 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJI84 UT WOS:000266229302002 ER PT J AU Coburn, WO Fazi, C AF Coburn, William O. Fazi, Christian TI A Lumped-Circuit Model for a Triband Trapped Dipole Array-Part II: Stacked Arrays SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Dipole arrays; high-frequency (HF) radio communication; log periodic antennas; method of moments (MOM); Yagi-Uda arrays AB Demands on emergency rf links have shown how important HF (3-30 MHz) communications can be for medium to long range. Efficient triband antennas have been developed and are quite popular for HF communications. In part 1, we described a lumped circuit model of the KLM 4-element KT-34A antenna. Here we consider its larger companion the 6-element KT-34XA and describe retuning the model for operation in the 10-, 15- and 20-m U. S. Army Military Affiliate Radio System ( MARS) bands. We retune the parallel LC-circuits acting as "traps" and adjust the element lengths to obtain a "MARS" array. A numerical model of this type of antenna is of interest to study antenna placement and the use of stacked arrays. We compare the radiation pattern of the 6-element KLM and MARS arrays and show examples for a stacked configuration over an imperfect ground plane. The model results for the individual arrays have the expected front and rear main beam angles but when stacked these angles change in a non-intuitive manner. C1 [Coburn, William O.; Fazi, Christian] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Coburn, WO (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM wcoburn@arl.army.mil; cfazi@arl.army.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2008 VL 7 BP 648 EP 651 DI 10.1109/I.AWP.2008.2009955 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 494EB UT WOS:000269791600034 ER PT B AU Dhawan, A Du, Y Wang, H Leonard, D Misra, V Ozturk, M Gerhold, M Vo-Dinh, T AF Dhawan, Anuj Du, Yan Wang, Hsinneng Leonard, Donovon Misra, Veena Ozturk, Mehmet Gerhold, Michael Vo-Dinh, Tuan GP IEEE TI Development of plasmonics-active SERS substrates on a wafer scale for chemical and biological sensing applications SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING 2008, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE International Electron Devices Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting CY DEC 15-17, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SILVER ELECTRODE; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; PYRIDINE; SPECTRA AB This paper describes the fabrication of highly efficient plasmonics-active SERS substrates - having metallic nanowire structures with pointed geometries and sub-5 nm gap between the metallic nanowires enabling concentration of high EM fields in these regions - on a wafer-scale by a reproducible process that is compatible with large-scale development of these substrates. These SERS substrates were employed for detecting chemical and biological molecules of interest. C1 [Dhawan, Anuj; Wang, Hsinneng; Vo-Dinh, Tuan] Duke Univ, Dept BME, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Du, Yan; Misra, Veena; Ozturk, Mehmet] N Carolina State Univ, Dept ECE, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Leonard, Donovon] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Dhawan, Anuj; Gerhold, Michael] US Army, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Dhawan, A (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept BME, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM anuj.dhawan@duke.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2377-4 J9 INT EL DEVICES MEET PY 2008 BP 487 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJH45 UT WOS:000265829300114 ER PT J AU Geirhofer, S Tong, L Sadler, BM AF Geirhofer, Stefan Tong, Lang Sadler, Brian M. TI Cognitive medium access: Constraining interference based on experimental models SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE cognitive radio; dynamic spectrum access; standards coexistence; IEEE 802.11b; resource management ID SPECTRUM ACCESS; COEXISTENCE; BLUETOOTH; NETWORKS AB In this paper we design a cognitive radio that can coexist with multiple parallel WLAN channels while abiding by an interference constraint. The interaction between both systems is characterized by measurement and coexistence is enhanced by predicting the WLAN's behavior based on a continuous-time Markov chain model. Cognitive Medium Access (CMA) is derived from this model by recasting the problem as one of constrained Markov decision processes. Solutions are obtained by linear programming. Furthermore, we show that optimal CMA admits structured solutions, simplifying practical implementations. Preliminary results for the partially observable case are presented. The performance of the proposed schemes is evaluated for a typical WLAN coexistence setup and shows a significant performance improvement. C1 [Geirhofer, Stefan; Tong, Lang] Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sadler, Brian M.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Geirhofer, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sg355@comell.edu; lt351@comell.edu; bsadler@arl.army.mil NR 25 TC 104 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8716 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2008.080109 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 244EJ UT WOS:000251848800009 ER PT J AU Ying, Y Ghogho, M Swami, A AF Ying, Yeqiu Ghogho, Mounir Swami, Ananthram TI Block-coded modulation and noncoherent detection for impulse radio UWB SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE block-coded modulation; impulse radio (IR); non-coherent reception; ultra-wideband (UWB) ID PERFORMANCE; RECEIVERS; CHANNELS AB Noncoherent receivers are favored for UWB-IR systems because of their low implementation complexity compared with coherent correlation receivers. However, existing noncoherent schemes, such as transmitted reference (TR) systems and frame-level differential receivers (FDR), suffer from performance degradation and energy efficiency loss. We propose to use block-coded modulation and develop a novel energy detection-based noncoherent reception scheme for UWB-IR systems. Our scheme is capable of effective noise/interference mitigation without loss of energy efficiency and data rate. Performance evaluation shows that even in the presence of strong inter-frame interference and multiuser interference, our scheme is robust. C1 [Ying, Yeqiu; Ghogho, Mounir] Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Swami, Ananthram] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ying, Y (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM eenyyi@leeds.ac.uk; m.ghogho@leeds.ac.uk; a.swami@ieee.org NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9908 EI 1558-2361 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PY 2008 VL 15 BP 112 EP 115 DI 10.1109/LSP.2007.910307 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 339NZ UT WOS:000258585600030 ER PT J AU Nasrabadi, NM AF Nasrabadi, N. M. TI Regularized spectral matched filter for target recognition in hyperspectral imagery SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE automatic target detection; hyperspectral imagery; matched filter; regularization; regularized spectral matched filter AB This letter extends the idea of regularization to spectral matched filters. It incorporates a quadratic penalization term in the design of spectral matched filters in order to restrict the possible matched filters (models) to a subset which are more stable and have better performance than the non-regularized adaptive spectral matched filters. The effect of regularization depends on the form of the regularization term and the amount of regularization which is controlled by a parameter so-called the regularization coefficient. In this letter, the sum-of-squares of the filter coefficients is used as the regularization term, and different values for the regularization coefficient are tested. A Bayesian-based derivation of the regularized matched filter is also described which provides a procedure for choosing the regularization coefficient. Experimental results for detecting targets in hyperspectral imagery are presented for regularized and non-regularized spectral matched filters. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nasrabadi, NM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM nnasraba@arl.army NR 10 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PY 2008 VL 15 BP 317 EP 320 DI 10.1109/LSP.2008.917805 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 339NZ UT WOS:000258585600082 ER PT J AU Ghogho, M Swami, A AF Ghogho, Mounir Swami, Ananthram TI Frame and Frequency Acquisition for OFDM SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Acquisition; channel estimation; frame; frequency offset; orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM); synchronization; timing offset ID SYNCHRONIZATION; SYSTEMS; CARRIER AB Frame timing and carrier frequency offsets in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) may drastically degrade performance if not accurately compensated. In practice, these offsets are estimated by transmitting a training block at the beginning of each frame. By designing this training block to have a repetitive structure, various estimation methods have been proposed in the literature. These existing estimation methods rely on the repetitive structure and not on the actual training block. In other words, these methods are based on some second-order statistics of the received signal. Here, we instead use first-order statistics and two modified versions of the nonlinear least squares method. The proposed methods are shown to provide significantly more accurate frame and frequency synchronization at the expense of a slight increase in implementation complexity. As a by-product, an accurate channel estimate is obtained with the same preamble, thus reducing the resources allocated to training. C1 [Ghogho, Mounir] Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Swami, Ananthram] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ghogho, M (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PY 2008 VL 15 BP 605 EP 608 DI 10.1109/LSP.2008.2001806 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 416IL UT WOS:000263999300019 ER PT J AU Liu, N Xu, ZY Sadler, BM AF Liu, Ning Xu, Zhengyuan Sadler, Brian M. TI Low-Complexity Hyperbolic Source Localization With A Linear Sensor Array SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Hyperbolic; linear array; source localization ID LOCATION; ESTIMATOR; ACCURACY AB We develop linear equations for low-complexity source localization, based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements at a linear sensor array. The derivation comes from hyperbolic geometry in Cartesian coordinates, and the algorithm is valid for (possibly wideband) sources in the near or far field. An error analysis is used to predict bias and mean-square error, as well as provide optimal weighting for a low-complexity noniterative weighted least squares solution. A connection is made with an algorithm for arbitrary array geometry. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves maximum-likelihood performance and the Cramer-Rao bound at medium to low TDOA measurement noise level. C1 [Liu, Ning; Xu, Zhengyuan] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Sadler, Brian M.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL CI CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Liu, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM nliu@ee.ucr.edu; dxu@ee.ucr.edu; bsadler@arl.army.mil FU Army Research Laboratory CTA [DAAD 19-01-2-0011] FX This work was supported in part by the Army Research Laboratory CTA on Communications and Networks under grant DAAD 19-01-2-0011. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. Martin Haardt. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PY 2008 VL 15 BP 865 EP 868 DI 10.1109/LSP.2008.2007617 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 416IL UT WOS:000263999300084 ER PT J AU Ranney, KI Khatri, HC AF Ranney, Kenneth I. Khatri, Hiralal C. TI Modified difference change detector for small targets in SAR imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB One of the most straightforward techniques for detecting changes in an image involves forming the difference between a test image and a reference image. Unfortunately, such a technique can give rise to a large number of false alarms due to the statistical variability of the underlying pixel values, as has been well established within the radar community over the years. One method for dealing with this large number of false alarms involves forming the ratio, rather than the difference, of two synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. We introduce a modified version of the standard differencing technique to overcome problems associated with pixel value variability. The new (modified) differencing approach utilizes assumptions about the statistics of the image background and the object being sought (target) to reduce the number of false alarms due to highly variable background (clutter) regions, and it includes the standard ratio test as a special case. In fact, we find that the modified difference approach can also be viewed as a modified version of the ratio test with a threshold that varies as a function of the background clutter radar cross section (RCS). We also present an abridged, albeit suboptimal, version of this approach that eliminates assumptions regarding the target's probability distribution, and we analyze both of the approaches. We then compare these results with those obtained with a standard ratio test, and illustrate how the modified difference test reduces to the ratio test under certain operating conditions. The abridged version of the modified approach is applied to high resolution synthetic aperture radar imagery and compared with results obtained with the classical differencing technique, and following this, the modified difference technique is compared with the standard ratio test. Results suggest that under appropriate conditions the abridged, modified technique can successfully detect changes without the need for any image segmentation. C1 [Ranney, Kenneth I.; Khatri, Hiralal C.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, KI (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM kranney@art.army.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 57 EP 76 DI 10.1109/TAES.2008.4516989 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 295HQ UT WOS:000255466000006 ER PT J AU Zhang, B O'Neill, K Kong, JA Grzegorezyk, TM AF Zhang, Beijia O'Neill, Kevin Kong, Jin Au Grzegorezyk, Tomasz M. TI Support vector machine and neural network classification of metallic objects using coefficients of the spheroidal MQS response modes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE neural network (NN); spheroidal modes; supervised learning; support vector machine (SVM); unexploded ordnance (UXO) ID BAND ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE; DISCRIMINATION; TARGETS AB Two different supervised learning algorithms, support vector machine (SVM) and neural networks (NN), are applied in classifying metallic objects according to size using the expansion coefficients of their magneto-quasistatic response in the spheroidal coordinate system. The classified objects include homogeneous spheroids and composite metallic assemblages meant to resemble unexploded ordnance. An analytical model is used to generate the necessary training data for each learning method. SVM and NN are shown to be successful in classifying three different types of objects on the basis of size. They are capable of fast classification, making them suitable for real-time application. Furthermore, both methods are robust and have a good tolerance of 20-dB SNR additive Gaussian noise. SVM shows promise in dealing with noise due to uncertainty in the object's position and orientation. C1 [Zhang, Beijia; Kong, Jin Au; Grzegorezyk, Tomasz M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USA Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Zhang, B (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM beijia@mit.edu NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.907972 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 244DP UT WOS:000251846500015 ER PT J AU Wheeler, PW Zanchetta, P Clare, JC Empringham, L Bland, M Katsis, D AF Wheeler, P. W. Zanchetta, P. Clare, J. C. Empringham, L. Bland, M. Katsis, D. TI A utility power supply based on a four-output leg matrix converter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE AC power supply; digital control; matrix converters AB A four-output leg matrix converter and a variable-speed diesel generator are integrated to create a three-phase plus neutral utility power supply. The matrix converter is designed to meet tight harmonic specification and the fourth leg provides the facility to supply unbalanced and single-phase loads. This enables the generator to provide stable power over a range of engine speeds and load conditions. Two modulation techniques for four-output leg matrix converters have been considered and compared. Test results for a 10-kW offline power supply are provided to demonstrate system performance. C1 [Wheeler, P. W.; Zanchetta, P.; Clare, J. C.; Empringham, L.; Bland, M.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Katsis, D.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wheeler, PW (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM pat.wheeler@nottingham.ac.uk; pericle.zanchetta@nottingham.ac.uk; jon.clare@nottingham.ac.uk; lee.empringham@nottingham.ac.uk; eezmjb@nottingham.ac.uk; DKatsis@arl.army.mil OI Clare, Jon/0000-0001-8243-4280 NR 17 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 174 EP 186 DI 10.1109/TIA.2007.912731 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 256SF UT WOS:000252749400023 ER PT J AU Shen, W Wang, F Boroyevich, D Tipton, CW AF Shen, Wei Wang, Fei Boroyevich, Dushan Tipton, C. Wesley TI High-density nanocrystalline core transformer for high-power high-frequency resonant converter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 02-06, 2005 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE high-frequency transformer design; high power density; nanocrystalline material; resonant converter ID LOSSES; WINDINGS; DESIGN; RIBBON AB A high-density transformer, using nanocrystalline core is developed for a 30 kW, 200 kHz resonant converter. Loss models are established for nanocrystalline cores through experimental characterization. The important parasitic models are also developed considering litz wire effects. Following a minimum size design procedure, several transformers with both nanocrystalline and ferrite cores are designed and prototyped. While all transformers meet the converter performance requirement during testing, using nanocrystalline core can achieve a significantly higher power density even at 200 kHz. C1 [Shen, Wei] Linear Technol Corp, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. [Wang, Fei; Boroyevich, Dushan] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Tipton, C. Wesley] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shen, W (reprint author), Linear Technol Corp, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. EM wshen@linear.com; wangfred@vt.edu; dushan@vt.edu; wtipton@arl.anny.mil NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1109/TIA.2007.912726 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 256SF UT WOS:000252749400027 ER PT J AU Shen, W Wang, FF Boroyevich, D Tipton, CW AF Shen, Wei Wang, Fei Fred Boroyevich, Dushan Tipton, C. Wesley TI Loss characterization and calculation of nanocrystalline cores for high-frequency magnetics applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE core loss calculation; high frequency magnetics; nanocrystalline magnetic material ID NONSINUSOIDAL WAVE-FORMS; ACCURATE; CIRCUIT; ALLOYS; RIBBON; MODEL AB The loss density of the nanocrystalline magnetic material is experimentally characterized up to 500 kHz and above 1 Tesla in this paper. B-H hysteresis magnetization curves and loss density of the material under various operating temperatures up to 150 degrees C are measured and presented. The core preparing effect on magnetic loss density is also identified by experiments, which provides information necessary to practical magnetic designs. A new empirical core loss calculation method, flux-waveform-coefficient Steinmetz equation, is proposed and verified for the nanocrystalline material under resonant operations, which are often employed in high-frequency power converter applications. The proposed approach is either more accurate or easier to use than the previous methods. C1 [Shen, Wei] Linear Technol Corp, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. [Wang, Fei Fred; Boroyevich, Dushan] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Power Elect Syst, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Tipton, C. Wesley] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shen, W (reprint author), Linear Technol Corp, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. EM wshen@linear.com; wangfred@vt.edu; dushan@vt.edu; wtipton@arl.army.mil NR 29 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8993 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2007.911881 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 263HU UT WOS:000253209000050 ER PT J AU Xiang, WD Richardson, PC Zhao, CM Mohammad, S AF Xiang, Weidong Richardson, Paul C. Zhao, Chenming Mohammad, Syed TI Automobile brake-by-wire control system design and analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brake-by-wired; braking model; fault tolerance; networked control systems; stability control ID ANTILOCK BRAKING; VEHICLE AB The automobile brake-by-wire (BBW) system, which is also called the electromechanical brake system, has become a promising vehicle braking control scheme that enables many new driver inter-faces and enhanced performances without a mechanical or hydraulic backup. In this paper, we survey BBW control systems with focuses on fault tolerance design and vehicle braking control schemes. At first, the system architecture of BBW systems is described. Fault tolerance design is then discussed to meet the high requirements of reliability and safety of BBW systems. A widely used braking model and several braking control schemes are investigated. Although previous work focused on antilock and antislip braking controls on a single wheel basis, we present a whole-vehicle control scheme to enhance vehicle stability and safety. Simulations based on the whole-vehicle braking model validate a proposed fuzzy logic control scheme in the lateral and yaw stability controls of vehicles. C1 [Xiang, Weidong; Richardson, Paul C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. [Mohammad, Syed] USA, Tank Automobile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. [Zhao, Chenming] Expedia Inc, Bellevue, WA USA. RP Xiang, WD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9545 EI 1939-9359 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 57 IS 1 BP 138 EP 145 DI 10.1109/TVT.2007.901895 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA 254GV UT WOS:000252575300013 ER PT S AU Nasrabadi, NM AF Nasrabadi, Nasser M. BE Astola, JT Egiazarian, KO Dougherty, ER TI Joint fusion and detection of mines using hyperspectral and SAR data SO IMAGE PROCESSING: ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Algorithms and Systems VI CY JAN 28-29, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE sensor fusion; anomaly detection; hyperspectral mine detection; joint fusion and detection ID EIGENSPACE SEPARATION TRANSFORM; ANOMALY DETECTION; SUBSPACE; IMAGERY AB This paper describes a new nonlinear joint fusion and anomaly detection technique for mine detection applications using two different types of sensor data (synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Hyperspectral sensor (HS) data). A well-known anomaly detector so called the RX algorithm is first extended to perform fusion and detection simultaneously at the pixel level by appropriately concatenating the information from the two sensors. This approach is then extended to its nonlinear version. The nonlinear fusion-detection approach is based on the statistical kernel learning theory which explicitly exploits the higher order dependencies (nonlinear relationships) between the two sensor data through an appropriate kernel. Experimental results for detecting anomalies (mines) in hyperspectral imagery are presented for linear and nonlinear joint fusion and detection for a co-registered SAR and HS imagery. The result show that the nonlinear techniques outperform linear versions. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nasrabadi, NM (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6984-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6812 AR 68120U PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHT94 UT WOS:000256350500027 ER PT J AU Krakauer, T Buckley, M AF Krakauer, Teresa Buckley, Marilyn TI The potency of anti-oxidants in attenuating superantigen-induced proinflammatory cytokines correlates with inactivation of NF-kappa B SO IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE superantigen; immunosuppression; anti-oxidants; cytokines; chemokines ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE; PYRROLIDINE DITHIOCARBAMATE; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 EXPRESSION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; FACTOR-ALPHA; T-CELLS; ACTIVATION AB Excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines mediates the toxic effects of superantigenic staphylococcal exotoxins (SE). We evaluated the potency of two anti-oxidants, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) in inhibiting the staphylococcal enterotoxin B and staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome-1-induced activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Both NAC and PDTC dose-dependently inhibited SE-stimulated T-cell proliferation (by 98%), production of cytokines and chemokines by PBMC and expression of SE-induced cell surface activation markers. The potency of both NAC and PDTC corresponded to their ability to inhibit NF-kappa B activation. Our results suggest that anti-oxidants might be useful to mitigate the pathogenic effects of SE by blocking transcriptional signaling activated by superantigens. C1 [Krakauer, Teresa; Buckley, Marilyn] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol, Integrated Toxicol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Krakauer, T (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol, Integrated Toxicol Div, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM teresa.krakauer@amedd.army.mil NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-3973 J9 IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT JI Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. PY 2008 VL 30 IS 1 BP 163 EP 179 DI 10.1080/08923970701692577 PG 17 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 269JC UT WOS:000253644300013 PM 18306112 ER PT S AU Grasing, D Desai, S Morcos, A AF Grasing, David Desai, Sachi Morcos, Amir BE Szu, HH Agee, FJ TI Classifiers utilized to enhance acoustic based sensors to identify round types of artillery/mortar SO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSES, WAVELETS, UNSUPERVISED NANO-BIOMIMETIC SENSORS, AND NEURAL NETWORKS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Nano-Biomimetic Sensors, and Neural Networks VI CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE optimization; quadratic classifier; linear classifier; neural network; mahalanobis distance; classification AB Feature extraction methods based on the statistical analysis of the change in event pressure levels over a period and the level of ambient pressure excitation facilitate the development of a robust classification algorithm. The features reliably discriminates mortar and artillery variants via acoustic signals produced during the launch events. Utilizing acoustic sensors to exploit the sound waveform generated from the blast for the identification of mortar and artillery variants as type A, etcetera through analysis of the waveform. Distinct characteristics arise within the different mortar/artillery variants because varying HE mortar payloads and related charges emphasize varying size events at launch. The waveform holds various harmonic properties distinct to a given mortar/artillery variant that through advanced signal processing and data mining techniques can employed to classify a given type. The skewness and other statistical processing techniques are used to extract the predominant components from the acoustic signatures at ranges exceeding 3000m. Exploiting these techniques will help develop a feature set highly independent of range, providing discrimination based on acoustic elements of the blast wave. Highly reliable discrimination will be achieved with a feed-forward neural network classifier trained on a feature space derived from the distribution of statistical coefficients, frequency spectrum, and higher frequency details found within different energy bands. The processes that are described herein extend current technologies, which emphasis acoustic sensor systems to provide such situational awareness. C1 [Grasing, David; Desai, Sachi; Morcos, Amir] USA, RDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Grasing, D (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM david.grasing@us.army.mil; sachi.desai@us.army.mil; amir.morcos@us.army.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7170-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6979 AR 69790L DI 10.1117/12.777928 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIA89 UT WOS:000257982900018 ER PT J AU Pantenburg, B Dann, SM Wang, HC Robinson, P Castellanos-Gonzalez, A Lewis, DE White, AC AF Pantenburg, Birte Dann, Sara M. Wang, Heuy-Ching Robinson, Prema Castellanos-Gonzalez, Alejandro Lewis, Dorothy E. White, A. Clinton, Jr. TI Intestinal immune response to human Cryptosporidium sp infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Review ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HYPER-IGM SYNDROME; NF-KAPPA-B; PARVUM INFECTION; SUBSTANCE-P; GAMMA-INTERFERON; T-CELL; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; AIDS PATIENTS C1 [Pantenburg, Birte; Castellanos-Gonzalez, Alejandro; White, A. Clinton, Jr.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Dann, Sara M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wang, Heuy-Ching] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, United State Army Med Res Detachment, Cell Biol Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. [White, A. Clinton, Jr.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lewis, Dorothy E.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Dept Immunol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP White, AC (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM acwhite@utmb.edu OI White, A Clinton/0000-0002-9668-4632 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI036211] NR 97 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 76 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1128/IAI.00960-07 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 248BJ UT WOS:000252126000002 PM 17967863 ER PT J AU Pichyangkul, S Kum-Arb, U Yongvanitchit, K Limsalakpetch, A Gettayacamin, A Lanar, DE Ware, LA Stewart, VA Heppner, DG Mettens, P Cohen, JD Ballou, WR Fukuda, MM AF Pichyangkul, S. Kum-Arb, U. Yongvanitchit, K. Limsalakpetch, A. Gettayacamin, A. Lanar, D. E. Ware, L. A. Stewart, V. A. Heppner, D. G. Mettens, P. Cohen, J. D. Ballou, W. R. Fukuda, M. M. TI Preclinical evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine consisting of Plasmodium falciparum liver-stage antigen 1 with adjuvant AS01B administered alone or concurrently with the RTS,S/AS01B vaccine in rhesus primates SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; YOUNG AFRICAN CHILDREN; T-CELL RESPONSES; MALARIA VACCINE; EFFICACY; IMMUNITY; INFECTION; CANDIDATE; SPOROZOITES AB Several lines of evidence suggest that targeting pre-erythrocytic-stage parasites for malaria vaccine development can provide sterile immunity. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate preclinically the safety and immunogenicity of a new recombinant pre-erythrocytic-stage antigen, liver-stage antigen 1 (LSA1), in nonhuman primates; and (ii) to investigate the potential for immune interference between LSA1 and the leading malaria vaccine candidate, RTS,S, by comparing the immune responses after single-antigen vaccination to responses after simultaneous administration of both antigens at separate sites. Using a rhesus monkey model, we found that LSA1 formulated with the GlaxoSmithKline proprietary adjuvant system AS01B (LSA1/AS01B) was safe and immunogenic, inducing high titers of antigen-specific antibody and CD4(+) T-cell responses, as monitored by the production of interleukin-2 and gamma interferon, using intracellular cytokine staining. RTS,S/AS01B vaccination was well tolerated and demonstrated robust antibody and moderate CD4+ T-cell responses to circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and HBsAg. Positive CD8(+) T-cell responses to HBsAg were detected, whereas the responses to CSP and LSA1 were negligible. For both LSA1/AS01B and RTS,S/AS01B, no statistically significant differences were observed between individual and concurrent administration in the magnitude or duration of antibody and T-cell responses. Our results revealed that both pre-erythrocytic-stage antigens were safe and immunogenic, administered either separately or simultaneously to rhesus monkeys, and that no significant immune cross interference occurred with concurrent separate-site administration. The comparison of the profiles of immune responses induced by separate-site and single-site vaccinations with LSA1 and RTS,S warrants further investigation. C1 [Pichyangkul, S.; Kum-Arb, U.; Yongvanitchit, K.; Limsalakpetch, A.; Fukuda, M. M.] USAMC, AFRIMS, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Gettayacamin, A.] AFRIMS, Dept Vet Med, Bangkok, Thailand. [Lanar, D. E.; Ware, L. A.; Stewart, V. A.; Heppner, D. G.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Mettens, P.; Cohen, J. D.; Ballou, W. R.] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. RP Pichyangkul, S (reprint author), USAMC, AFRIMS, Dept Immunol & Med, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM Sathitp@afrims.org RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 76 IS 1 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1128/IAI.00977-07 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 248BJ UT WOS:000252126000025 PM 17954725 ER PT S AU Burks, S Olson, J Stevens, J AF Burks, Stephen Olson, Jeff Stevens, James BE Holst, GC TI A means for calculating the optics MTF of an under-sampled IR imaging system SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE modulation transfer function; longowave imagers; undersampled imaging systems; optics MTF AB Using measured quantities, it is possible to arrive at a reasonable approximation for the optics MTF of a longwave undersampled imaging system. Certain reasonable assumptions concerning the format of the data 1 from the imaging system should be made in order to make sure that there is no image processing artifacts. For systems that contain imaging artifacts, such as an analog output, there are too many secondary effects that will degrade the predicted Optics MTF beyond a reasonable approximation. C1 [Burks, Stephen; Olson, Jeff; Stevens, James] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Burks, S (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 694111 DI 10.1117/12.777878 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300033 ER PT S AU Driggers, R Aghera, S Richardson, P Miller, B Doe, J Robinson, A Krapels, K Murrill, S AF Driggers, R. Aghera, S. Richardson, P. Miller, B. Doe, J. Robinson, A. Krapels, K. Murrill, S. BE Holst, GC TI MWIR persistent surveillance performance for human and vehicle backtracking as a function of ground sample distance and revisit rate SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Real MWIR Persistent Surveillance (PS) data was taken with a single human walking from a known point to different tents in the PS sensor field of view. The spatial resolution (ground sample distance) and revisit rate was varied from 0.5 to 2 meters and 1/8(th) to 4 Hz, respectively. A perception experiment was conducted where the observer was tasked to track the human to the terminal (end of route) tent. The probability of track is provided as a function of ground sample distance and revisit rate. These results can help determine PS design requirements for tracking and back-tracking humans on the ground. This paper begins with a summary of two previous simulation experiments: one for human tracking and one for vehicle tracking. C1 [Driggers, R.; Aghera, S.; Richardson, P.; Miller, B.; Doe, J.; Robinson, A.; Krapels, K.; Murrill, S.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Driggers, R (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RI Doe, Jane/B-8500-2015 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 69410Q DI 10.1117/12.779758 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300023 ER PT S AU Du Bosq, TW Fanning, JD AF Du Bosq, Todd W. Fanning, Jonathan D. BE Holst, GC TI Modeling the effects of contrast enhancement on target acquisition performance SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE contrast enhancement; scene contrast temperature; target acquisition ID IMAGE-ENHANCEMENT AB Contrast enhancement and dynamic range compression are currently being used to improve the performance of infrared imagers by increasing the contrast between the target and the scene content, by better utilizing the available gray levels either globally or locally. This paper assesses the range-performance effects of various contrast enhancement algorithms for target identification with well contrasted vehicles. Human perception experiments were performed to determine field performance using contrast enhancement on the U.S. Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD standard military eight target set using an un-cooled LWIR camera. The experiments compare the identification performance of observers viewing linearly scaled images and various contrast enhancement processed images. Contrast enhancement is modeled in the US Army thermal target acquisition model (NVThermIP) by changing the scene contrast temperature. The model predicts improved performance based on any improved target contrast, regardless of feature saturation or enhancement. To account for the equivalent blur associated with each contrast enhancement algorithm, an additional effective MTF was calculated and added to the model. The measured results are compared with the predicted performance based on the target task difficulty metric used in NVThermIP. C1 [Du Bosq, Todd W.; Fanning, Jonathan D.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Du Bosq, TW (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 69410K DI 10.1117/12.785558 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300017 ER PT S AU Espinola, RL O'Shea, P Zeibel, JG Reynolds, JP AF Espinola, Richard L. O'Shea, Patrick Zeibel, Jason G. Reynolds, Joseph P. BE Holst, GC TI The impact of spatio-temporal focal plane array nonuniformity noise on target search and identification performance SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE spatio-temporal noise; residual nominiformity; operability; search; identification AB Recent developments in infrared focal plane array technology have led to the wide use of staring sensors in many tactical scenarios. With all of its advancements, however, several noise sources remain present to degrade imagery and impede performance. Fixed pattern noise, arising from detector nonuniformities in focal plane arrays, is a noise source that can severely limit infrared imaging system performance. In addition, temporal noise, arising from frame to frame nonuniformities, can further hinder the observer from perceiving the target within the tactical scene and performing a target acquisition task. In this paper, we present a new method of simulating realistic spatial and temporal noise effects, derived from focal plane array statistics, on infrared imagery, and study their effect on the tasks of search and identification of a tank vehicle. In addition, we assess the utility of bad pixel substitution as a possible correction algorithm to mitigate these effects. First, tank images are processed with varying levels of fixed pattern and temporal noise distributions with differing percentage of highly noisy detectors lying outside the operability specification. Then, a series of controlled human perception experiments are performed using trained observers tasked to identify and search for tank targets, respectively, through the combinations of noise. Our results show promise for a relaxation of the operability specification in focal plane array development without severe degradation in task performance. C1 [Espinola, Richard L.; Zeibel, Jason G.; Reynolds, Joseph P.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Espinola, RL (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 69410L DI 10.1117/12.785559 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300018 ER PT S AU Espinola, RL Cha, J Preece, B AF Espinola, Richard L. Cha, Jae Preece, Bradley BE Holst, GC TI Effects of video compression on target acquisition performance SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE video compression; MPEG; H.264; target acquisition; performance modeling ID STANDARD AB The bandwidth requirements of modem target acquisition systems continue to increase with larger sensor formats and multi-spectral capabilities. To obviate this problem, still and moving imagery can be compressed, often resulting in greater than 100 fold decrease in required bandwidth. Compression, however, is generally not error-free and the generated artifacts can adversely affect task performance. The U.S. Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate recently performed an assessment of various compression techniques on static imagery for tank identification. In this paper, we expand this initial assessment by studying and quantifying the effect of various video compression algorithms and their impact on tank identification performance. We perform a series of controlled human perception tests using three dynamic simulated scenarios: target moving/sensor static, target static/sensor static, sensor tracking the target. Results of this study will quantify the effect of video compression on target identification and provide a framework to evaluate video compression on future sensor systems. C1 [Espinola, Richard L.; Cha, Jae] USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Espinola, RL (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 694107 DI 10.1117/12.779190 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300004 ER PT S AU Fanning, JD Reynolds, JP AF Fanning, Jonathan D. Reynolds, Joseph P. BE Holst, GC TI Target identification performance of superresolution versus dither SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE superresolution; dither; microscan; NVThermIP ID REGISTRATION AB This paper presents the results of a performance comparison between superresolution reconstruction and dither, also known as microscan. Dither and superresolution are methods to improve the performance of spatially undersampled systems by reducing aliasing and increasing sampling. The performance measured is the probability of identification versus range for a set of tracked, armored military vehicles. The performance improvements of dither and superresolution are compared to the performance of the base system with no additional processing. Field data was collected for all types of processing using the same basic sensor. This allows the performance to be compared without comparing different sensors. The performance of the various methods is compared experimentally using human perception tests. The perception tests results are compared to modeled predictions of the range performance. The measured and modeled performance of all of the methods agree well. C1 [Fanning, Jonathan D.; Reynolds, Joseph P.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Fanning, JD (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 69410N DI 10.1117/12.782274 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300020 ER PT S AU Friedman, M Vizgaitis, J AF Friedman, Melvin Vizgaitis, Jay BE Holst, GC TI Calculating incoherent diffraction MTF SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE incoherent; diffraction; optical diffraction; modulation transfer function; optical transfer function; MTF; OTF; mathematica; analytical calculation AB The incoherent diffraction MTF plays an increasingly important role in the range performance of imaging systems as the wavelength increases and the optical aperture decreases. Accordingly, all NVESD imager models have equations that describe the incoherent diffraction MTF of a circular entrance pupil. NVThermIP, a program which models thermal imager range performance, has built in equations which analytically model the incoherent diffraction MTF of a circular entrance pupil and has a capability to input a table that describes the MTF of other apertures. These can be calculated using CODE V, which can numerically calculate the incoherent diffraction MTF in the vertical or horizontal direction for an arbitrary aperture. However, we are not aware of any program that takes as input a description of the entrance pupil and analytically outputs equations that describe the incoherent diffraction MTF. This work explores the effectiveness of Mathematica to analytically and numerically calculate the incoherent diffraction MTF for an arbitrary aperture. In this work, Mathematica is used to analytically and numerically calculate the incoherent diffraction MTF for a variety of apertures and the results are compared with CODE V calculations. C1 [Friedman, Melvin; Vizgaitis, Jay] USA, RDECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 69410M DI 10.1117/12.779230 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300019 ER PT S AU Kaplan, LM Burks, SD Moore, RK Nguyen, Q AF Kaplan, Lance M. Burks, Stephen D. Moore, Richard K. Nguyen, Quang BE Holst, GC TI Monotonic correlation analysis of image quality measures for image fusion SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE image fusion; image quality; monotonic correlation; isotonic regression ID ISOTONIC REGRESSION; PERFORMANCE; CLASSIFICATION; INFORMATION; ALGORITHMS AB The next generation of night vision goggles will fuse image intensified and long wave infra-red to create a hybrid image that will enable soldiers to better interpret their surroundings during nighttime missions. Paramount to the development of such goggles is the exploitation of image quality (IQ) measures to automatically determine the best image fusion algorithm for a particular task. This work introduces a novel monotonic correlation coefficient to investigate how well possible IQ features correlate to actual human performance, which is measured by a perception study. The paper will demonstrate how monotonic correlation can identify worthy features that could be overlooked by traditional correlation values. C1 [Kaplan, Lance M.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kaplan, LM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM lkaplan@arl.army.mil; stephen.burks1@us.army.mil; rkmoore@memphis.edu; hongquang.nguyen@us.army.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 69410A DI 10.1117/12.776870 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300007 ER PT S AU Klett, KK Sartain, R Alexander, T Aliberti, K AF Klett, Karl K., Jr. Sartain, Ronnie Alexander, Troy Aliberti, Keith BE Holst, GC TI Optical and radiometry analysis for a passive infrared sparse sensor detection system SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE sparse imaging sensor; object detection; radiometry; optics; infrared AB A new application of a sparse sensor detection system is being developed to monitor human movement that is inexpensive, and has both low bandwidth and power requirements. The optical and radiometric performance of a sparse sensor system is modeled. Such a system, due to its intended low cost, is analyzed using single element spherical, off-the-shelf optical components. An analysis is performed using room temperature lead selenide photoconductive sensors having a standardized detectivity (D*) of 2 x 10(10) cm(Hz)(1/2)W(-1). Our analysis will consider two areas: (1) the effects of target size, distance, and system focal length combinations on the sensor size at the focal plane, and (2) the radiometric calculations required to determine the signal-to-noise ratio. C1 [Klett, Karl K., Jr.; Sartain, Ronnie; Alexander, Troy; Aliberti, Keith] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Klett, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM karl.klett@arl.army.mil NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 69410I DI 10.1117/12.782193 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300015 ER PT S AU Teaney, BP Fanning, J AF Teaney, Brian P. Fanning, Jonathan BE Holst, GC TI Effect of image magnification on target acquisition performance SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE scene contrast temperature; target acquisition; image contrast AB The current US Army target acquisition models have. a, dependence on magnification. This is due in part to the structure of the observer Contrast Threshold Function (CTF) used in the model. Given the shape of the CTF, both over-magnification and under-magnification can dramatically impact modeled performance. This paper presents the results from two different perception studies, one using degraded imagery and the other using field imagery. The results presented demonstrate the correlation between observer performance and model prediction and provide guidance accurately representing system performance in under and over-magnified cases. C1 [Teaney, Brian P.; Fanning, Jonathan] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Teaney, BP (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 69410P DI 10.1117/12.779193 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300022 ER PT S AU Teaney, BP Reynolds, JP AF Teaney, Brian P. Reynolds, Joseph P. BE Holst, GC TI Effect of image bit depth on target acquisition modeling SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE scene contrast temperature; target acquisition; image contrast AB The impact of bit depth on human in the loop recognition and identification performance is of particular importance when considering trade-offs between resolution and band-width of sensor systems. This paper presents the results from two perception studies designed to measure the effects of quantization and finite bit depth on target acquisition performance. The results in this paper allow for the inclusion of limited bit depth and quantization as an additional noise term in NVESD sensor performance models. C1 [Teaney, Brian P.; Reynolds, Joseph P.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Teaney, BP (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 69410F DI 10.1117/12.779191 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300012 ER PT S AU Young, SS Sims, R Kraples, K Waterman, J Smith, L Jacobs, E Corbin, T Larsen, L Driggers, RG AF Young, S. Susan Sims, Richard Kraples, Keith Waterman, Jim Smith, Leslie Jacobs, Eddie Corbin, Ted Larsen, Louis Driggers, Ronald G. BE Holst, GC TI Applications of super-resolution and deblurring to practical sensors SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE super-resolution image reconstruction; deblurring filter; adaptive design; noise suppression; sub-pixel shifts; FLIR sensor; target detection ID SUBPIXEL REGISTRATION; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; RESTORATION; DECONVOLUTION; ALGORITHM AB In image formation and recording process, there are many factors that affect sensor performance and image quality that result in loss of high-frequency information. Two of these common factors are undersampled sensors and sensor's blurring function. Two image processing algorithms, including super-resolution image reconstruction(1) and deblur filtering(2), have been developed based on characterizing the sources of image degradation from image formation and recording process. In this paper, we discuss the applications of these two algorithms to three practical thermal imaging systems. First, super-resolution and deblurring are applied to a longwave uncooled sensor in a missile seeker. Target resolution is improved in the flight phase of the seeker operation. Second, these two algorithms are applied to a midwave target acquisition sensor for use in long-range target identification. Third, the two algorithms are applied to a naval midwave distributed aperture sensor (DAS) for infrared search and track (IRST) system that is dual use in missile detection and force protection/anti-terrorism applications. In this case, super-resolution and deblurring are used to improve the resolution of on-deck activity discrimination. C1 [Young, S. Susan] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Young, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 69411E DI 10.1117/12.796420 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300044 ER PT S AU Choi, KK Forrai, DP Endres, D Sun, J Pinsukanjana, P Devitt, JW AF Choi, K. K. Forrai, D. P. Endres, D. Sun, J. Pinsukanjana, P. Devitt, J. W. BE Strojnik, M TI C-QWIP focal plane array development SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Instrumentation CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE QWIP; FPA; quantum efficiency ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS AB ARL and L3-CE have been developing corrugated quantum well infrared photodetector (C-QWIP) technology for long wavelength applications. Several large format 1024 x 1024 C-QWIP focal plane arrays (FPAs) have been demonstrated. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis on the FPA performance in terms of quantum efficiency eta and compare it with a detector model. We found excellent agreement between theory and experiment when both the material parameters and the pixel geometry are taken into account. For C-QWIPs with the bound-to-quasi-bound structure, a 11 of 37% is observed, albeit at a large voltage of -11 V. Since this voltage is outside the operating regime of the existing readout electronics, we investigated several more compatible structures and achieved eta in the range of 15 - 26%. This range of eta, although lower than the original value, is still approximately three times higher than that of the grating coupled QWIPs, and the coupling bandwidth is also three times wider. The C-QWIP approach thus holds significant performance advantages over the grating approach. Combined with its economical processing steps and flexible wavelength coverage, the C-QWIP technology has proven its advantages in infrared detection. C1 [Choi, K. K.; Sun, J.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7302-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7082 AR 708208 DI 10.1117/12.792556 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR86 UT WOS:000262361900005 ER PT S AU Wijewamasuriya, PS Stapelbroek, MG D'Souza, AI AF Wijewamasuriya, Priyalal S. Stapelbroek, M. G. D'Souza, A. I. BE Dereniak, EL Hartke, JP LeVan, PD Longshore, RE Sood, AK TI Improved Spectral Response Model for Backside Illuminated Photovoltaic Devices SO INFRARED SYSTEMS AND PHOTOELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology III CY AUG 10-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE HgCdTe; CdTe; CdZnTe; Infrared detectors; Quantum Efficiency; Stack Matrix; Spectral Response AB Backside illuminated detectors are sometimes fabricated on a thick substrates. In this work, we have calculated detector spectral response using the stack matrix approach. This matrix formulation first constructs a 2x2 "Stack Matrix" S that describes the optical properties of the complete stack from the detailed optical properties (as a function of wavelength) of each layer in the entire stack. The stack matrix relates the electric field strengths of the electromagnetic wave at the left of the stack to the electric field strengths of the electromagnetic waves at the right of the stack. The stack matrix S is constructed from the multiplication of matrices that track the phase and amplitude of the waves propagating across interfaces and from one side of a layer to the other side. From the detailed optical properties (as a function of wavelength) of each material layer, spectral response was calculated. C1 [Wijewamasuriya, Priyalal S.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wijewamasuriya, PS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7275-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7055 AR 70550D DI 10.1117/12.793820 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ48 UT WOS:000263958400007 ER PT S AU Gupta, N AF Gupta, Neelam BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Hyperspectral imager development at Army Research Laboratory SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXIV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE acousto-optic tunable filter; AOTF; two-transducer; UV; VNIR; SWIR; MWIR; LWIR; diffractive optics lens; dual-band; MWIR/LWIR; lenslet array; MEMS Fabry -Perot etalon; hyperspectral; imaging; mercurous bromide ID ACOUSTOOPTIC TUNABLE FILTER; TELECENTRIC CONFOCAL OPTICS; ULTRAVIOLET; PERFORMANCE; REGION; KDP AB Development of robust compact optical imagers that can acquire both spectral and spatial features from a scene of interest is of utmost importance for standoff detection of chemical and biological agents as well as targets and backgrounds. Spectral features arise due to the material proper-ties of objects as a result of the emission, reflection, and absorption of light. Using hyperspectral imaging one can acquire images with narrow spectral bands and take advantage of the characteristic spectral signatures of different materials making up the scene in detection of objects. Traditional hyperspectral imaging systems use gratings and prisms that acquire one-dimensional spectral images and require relative motion of sensor and scene in addition to data processing to form a two-dimensional image cube. There is much interest in developing hyperspectral imagers using tunable filters that acquire a two-dimensional spectral image and build up an image cube as a function of time. At the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), we are developing hyperspectral imagers using a number of novel tunable filter technologies. These include acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) that can provide adaptive no-moving-parts imagers from the UV to the long wave infrared, diffractive optics technology that can provide image cubes either in a single spectral region or simultaneously in different spectral regions using a single moving lens or by using a lenslet array, and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)-based Fabry-Perot (FP) tunable etalons to develop miniature sensors that take advantage of the advances in microfabrication and packaging technologies. New materials are being developed to design AOTFs and a full Stokes polarization imager has been developed, diffractive optics lenslet arrays are being explored, and novel FP tunable filters are under fabrication for the development of novel miniature hyperspectral imagers. Here we will brief on all the technologies being developed and present highlights of our research and development efforts. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7131-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6940 AR 69401P DI 10.1117/12.777110 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHW85 UT WOS:000257109000055 ER PT S AU Vizgaitis, J Miller, J Hall, J Berube, D AF Vizgaitis, Jay Miller, Jason Hall, John Berube, Dan BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI 3rd Generation FLIR Demonstrator SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXIV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE optics; dual f/number; dual band; 3(rd) Gen; infrared AB One of the benefits of 3(rd) Generation FLIR technology is the potential to maintain range performance but with a much smaller optical system. A 3(rd) Gen Demonstrator (3GD) has been assembled and tested to demonstrate this capability. The 3GD features a four field of view optical system incorporating dual f/number optics with an all-reflective folded three mirror anastigmat (TMA) afocal, axial zoom dual band imager, internal thermal reference, and a beam splitter port for integrating other sensors such as a visible camera. This paper discusses the results of the fabrication of this 3(rd) Gen demonstration system with an emphasis on lessons learned from the challenges of 3(rd) Gen optics. C1 [Vizgaitis, Jay; Miller, Jason] USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Vizgaitis, J (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7131-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6940 AR 69400U DI 10.1117/12.779121 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHW85 UT WOS:000257109000027 ER PT J AU Dabisch, PA Davis, EA Renner, JA Jakubowski, EM Mioduszewski, RJ Thomson, SA AF Dabisch, P. A. Davis, E. A. Renner, J. A. Jakubowski, E. M. Mioduszewski, R. J. Thomson, S. A. TI Biomarkers of low-level exposure to soman vapor: Comparison of fluoride regeneration to acetylcholinesterase inhibition SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATROPINIZED GUINEA-PIGS; NOSE-ONLY EXPOSURE; NERVE AGENT SOMAN; HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; SARIN; TOXICOKINETICS; STEREOISOMERS; INHALATION; TOXICITY AB The nerve agent O-pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate, also known as soman or by its military designation GD, is a highly toxic organophosphorous compound that exerts its effects through inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In the present study, a fluoride ion based regeneration assay was developed to quantify the level of soman present in the blood of rats following a low-level whole-body inhalation exposure. It was hypothesized that the amount of regenerated nerve agent in the blood would be dose dependent in rats subjected to a whole-body inhalation exposure to a low-level dose of soman vapor, and that the fluoride ion-based regeneration method would be more sensitive for the detection of a low-level exposure to soman vapor than the measurement of whole blood AChE activity. Regenerated soman was dose-dependently detected in both the red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma of exposed rats at all concentrations tested (0.033-0.280 mg/m(3) for a 240-min exposure). Significant inhibition of whole blood AChE activity did not occur below a concentration of 0.101 mg/m(3), and was only depressed by approximately 10-25% at concentrations ranging from 0.101 mg/m(3) to 0.280 mg/m(3). This study is the first to utilize a fluoride ion-based regeneration assay to demonstrate the dose-dependent increases in soman in the blood following whole-body inhalation exposure to low levels of vapor. Additionally, the results of the present study demonstrate that the fluoride ion based regeneration assay was approximately threefold more sensitive than the measurement of AChE activity in the blood for the detection of exposure to soman, and also that miosis is a more sensitive marker of soman exposure than inhibition of AChE activity. C1 [Dabisch, P. A.; Mioduszewski, R. J.; Thomson, S. A.] USA, Operat Toxicol Team, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Attn AMSRD ECB RT TT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Dabisch, PA (reprint author), USA, Operat Toxicol Team, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Attn AMSRD ECB RT TT, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM paul.a.dabisch@us.army.mil NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1080/08958370701821300 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286BY UT WOS:000254821600004 PM 18236229 ER PT J AU Taylor, JT Davis, E Dabisch, P Horsmon, M Matson, K Crouse, C Mioduszewski, R AF Taylor, James T. Davis, Emily Dabisch, Paul Horsmon, Mike Matson, Kathy Crouse, Charlie Mioduszewski, Robert TI Acute toxic effects of inhaled dichlorvos vapor on respiratory mechanics and blood cholinesterase activity in guinea pigs SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRWAY HYPERREACTIVITY; CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM; TIDAL VOLUME; RAT-BRAIN; METRIFONATE; INHALATION; EXPOSURE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; INHIBITION; AGENT AB Using a modified noninvasive volume-displacement plethysmography system, we investigated the effects of inhaled dichlorvos (2,2-dimethyl dichlorovinyl phosphate, or DDVP) vapor on the respiratory mechanics and blood cholinesterase activity of guinea pigs. Data revealed significant dose-dependent changes in several pulmonary parameters. Animals exposed to a DDVP concentration of 35 mg/m3 did not show any significant changes in frequency, tidal volume, or minute ventilation. However, animals exposed to 55 mg/m3 DDVP showed significantly decreased respiratory frequency and significantly increased tidal volume with no significant changes in minute ventilation. Similarly, animals exposed to 75 mg/m3 DDVP showed significantly decreased respiratory frequency along with significantly increased tidal volume. The decreased respiratory frequency was large enough in the high exposure group to offset the increased tidal volume. This effect resulted in significantly decreased minute ventilation by the end of exposure, which remained attenuated 10 min after exposure. An analysis of whole-blood cholinesterase activity revealed significantly decreased activity for both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butylcholinesterase (BChE). Peak inhibition occurred for both enzymes at the end of exposure for all three concentrations and rapidly recovered within several minutes of exposure. Analysis of blood samples using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed that minute ventilation may only play a minimal role in the dosimetry of inhaled DDVP vapor. C1 [Taylor, James T.] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Operat Toxicol Team, ATTN AMSRD ECB RT TT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Taylor, James T.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Taylor, JT (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Operat Toxicol Team, ATTN AMSRD ECB RT TT, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM james.tracy.taylor@us.army.mil NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 5 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1080/08958370701805709 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 279ZS UT WOS:000254395300001 PM 18368617 ER PT J AU Che, MM Conti, M Boylan, M Sciuto, AM Gordon, RK Nambiar, MP AF Che, Magnus M. Conti, Michele Boylan, Megan Sciuto, Alfred M. Gordon, Richard K. Nambiar, Madhusoodana P. TI Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid acetylcholinesterase levels following microinstillation inhalation exposure to sarin in guinea pigs SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NERVE AGENT-VX; TOKYO SUBWAY; DISASTER MANAGEMENT; RAT-BRAIN; SOMAN; VAPOR; TOXICITY; ATTACK; EFFICACY; SINGLE AB We determined acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) following inhalation exposure to chemical threat nerve agent (CTNA) sarin. Age- and weight-matched male guinea pigs were exposed to five different doses of sarin (169.3, 338.7, 508, 677.4, and 846.5 mg/m3) using a microinstillation inhalation exposure technique for 4 min. The technique involves aerosolization of the agent in the trachea using a microcatheter with a center hole that delivers the agent and multiple peripheral holes that pumps air to aerosolize the agent at the tip. Animals exposed to higher doses of sarin occasionally developed seizures and succumbed to death within 15 min after exposure. The LCt50 for sarin using the microinstillation technique was determined to be close to 677.4 mg/m3. Ear blood AChE activity showed a dose-dependent inhibition at 15 min postexposure. The inhibition of blood AChE remained constant over 35 and 55 min after sarin exposure indicating that there was no lung depot effect. Cardiac blood AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity in surviving animals euthanized at 24 h postexposure showed a dose-dependent inhibition with an inhibition of 60% at 677.4 and 846.5 mg/m3 sarin exposure. AChE and BChE activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed a slight increase at 338.7 to 677.4 mg/m3 sarin exposure but a marginal inhibition at 169.3 mg/m3. In contrast, the AChE protein levels determined by immunoblotting showed an increase at 169.3 mg/m3 in the BALF. The BALF protein level, a biomarker of lung injury, was increased maximally at 338.7 mg/m3 and that increase was dropped with an increase in the dose of sarin. The BALF protein levels correlated with the AChE and BChE activity. These data suggest that sarin microinstillation inhalation exposure results in respiratory toxicity and lung injury characterized by changes in lavage AChE, BChE, and protein levels. C1 [Che, Magnus M.; Gordon, Richard K.; Nambiar, Madhusoodana P.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biochem Pharmacol, Div Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Nambiar, Madhusoodana P.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Conti, Michele; Boylan, Megan; Sciuto, Alfred M.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Nambiar, MP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biochem Pharmacol, Div Biochem, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Madhusoodana.nambiar@amedd.army.mil FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5U01ES015677] NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 9 BP 821 EP 828 DI 10.1080/08958370802050957 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 328IN UT WOS:000257792000007 PM 18645722 ER PT S AU Pearton, SJ Lim, W Wang, YL Shoo, K Norton, DP Lee, J Ren, F Zavada, JM AF Pearton, S. J. Lim, Wantae Wang, Yu-Lin Shoo, K. Norton, D. P. Lee, Jewon Ren, F. Zavada, J. M. BE Sekhar, JA Dismukes, JP TI Transparent Thin Film Transistors Based on InZnO For Flexible Electronics SO INNOVATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE transparent thin film transistors; flexible electronics; Indium Zinc Oxide ID ZINC-OXIDE-FILMS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ZNO; CHANNEL; TRANSPORT AB There is strong interest in new forms of transparent, flexible or wearable electronics using non-Si materials deposited at low temperature on cheap substrates. While Si-based thin film transistors (TFTs) are widely used in displays, there are some drawbacks such as light sensitivity and light degradation and low field effect mobility (<1 cm(2)/Vs). For example, virtually all liquid crystal displays (LCDs) use TFTs imbedded in the panel itself. One of the promising alternatives to use of Si TFTs involves amorphous or nanocrystalline n-type oxide semiconductors. For example, there have been promising results with zinc oxide, indium gallium oxide and zinc till oxide channels. In this paper, recent progress in these new materials for TFTs is reviewed. It is expected that GaInZnO transistor arrays will be used for driving laminar electroluminescent, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and LCD displays. These transistors may potentially operate at up to an order of magnitude faster than Si FTFs. C1 [Pearton, S. J.; Lim, Wantae; Wang, Yu-Lin; Shoo, K.; Norton, D. P.; Lee, Jewon] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ren, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zavada, J. M.] USA, Res Off, Div Elect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Lee, Jewon] INJE Univ, Sch Nano Engn, Gimhae 621749, Gyoung Nam, South Korea. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu; plasma95@ufl.edu; ylw59@ufl.edu; kshoo@ufl.edu; dnort@mse.ufl.edu; jwlee@inje.ac.kr; ren@che.ufl.edu; John.Zavada@us.army.mil NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU TRANSACTION PUBLISHERS PI PISCATAWAY PA RUTGERS UNIVERSITY, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2008 VL 380 BP 99 EP 109 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BKL35 UT WOS:000268425700006 ER PT J AU Farwell, SO Verwolf, A Cai, Z Smith, P Roy, W AF Farwell, Sherry O. Verwolf, Adrian Cai, Zhongtao Smith, Pauline Roy, Walter TI Design and Performance of an Integrated Analytical Swatch Testing System SO INSTRUMENTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Instrument design; Material characterization; Permeation testing ID STANDARD METHODS; EVAPORATION; DROPLETS; WATER AB An integrated swatch testing system for precisely quantifying the resistance of chemical protective materials to permeation and penetration by a chemical weapons agent (CWA) simulant is described. The analytical variability of methodologies currently used by Department of Defense testing laboratories was dramatically reduced by modifying the test cell and experimental procedures while maintaining compatibility with military testing specifications. Utilizing an on-line calibration system, cryogen-free preconcentrator, and flame ionization detector, the integrated system has demonstrated excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and high sampling frequency for a variety of non-porous and air-penetrable swatch samples challenged with methyl salicylate. C1 [Farwell, Sherry O.; Cai, Zhongtao] Evergreen Measurement & Certificat Ctr, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Verwolf, Adrian] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD USA. [Smith, Pauline] USA, Res Lab, Mat Applicat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Roy, Walter] Strateg Mantech Inc, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Farwell, SO (reprint author), Evergreen Measurement & Certificat Ctr, 525 Univ Loop,Ste 113, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM sfarwell@emcclab.com NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1073-9149 J9 INSTRUM SCI TECHNOL JI Instrum. Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 36 IS 6 BP 577 EP 597 DI 10.1080/10739140802448267 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 363IE UT WOS:000260260200001 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Alpay, SP Cobas, LF AF Cole, M. W. Alpay, S. P. Fuentes Cobas, L. TI FERROELECTRICITY AND PIEZOELECTRICITY SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cole, M. W.] USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Rodman Mat Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Alpay, S. P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Alpay, S. P.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Fuentes Cobas, L.] CIMAV, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Rodman Mat Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil; p.alpay@ims.uconn.edu; luis.fuentes@cimav.edu.mx RI Alpay, Pamir/E-2666-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 101 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1080/10584580802428684 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 387HI UT WOS:000261941900001 ER PT J AU Ianno, NJ Soukup, RJ Lauer, N Hirsch, SG Hubbard, C Demaree, JD Cole, MW AF Ianno, N. J. Soukup, R. J. Lauer, N. Hirsch, S. G. Hubbard, C. Demaree, J. D. Cole, M. W. TI Dual RF Hollow Cathode Plasma Jet Deposition of BaxSr1-xTiO3 SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectricity and Piezoelectricity held at the 15th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 20-24, 2006 CL Cancun, MEXICO DE barium strontium titanate; graded composition; hollow cathode ID THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB We have developed an rf plasma jet hollow cathode deposition process capable of depositing BaxSr(1-x)TiO(3) films. The films were deposited in a high vacuum plasma jet system from separate BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 nozzles. Films were deposited onto silicon substrates which were coated with platinum/TiO2/SiO2 and onto MgO substrates. The magnitude of the rf power was varied in the range of 40 to 120 W. The film composition was determined by Rutherford Backscattering where we will show the film composition can be controlled by adjusting the power supplied to each nozzle. A programmed, variable power input to one nozzle was employed in order to deposit linearly graded composition films. C1 [Hirsch, S. G.; Hubbard, C.; Demaree, J. D.; Cole, M. W.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Ianno, N. J.; Soukup, R. J.; Lauer, N.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, WSEC 209N, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 101 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1080/10584580802459036 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 387HI UT WOS:000261941900009 ER PT J AU Nothwang, WD Hirsch, SG Demaree, JD Martin, GR AF Nothwang, W. D. Hirsch, S. G. Demaree, J. D. Martin, G. R. TI Three-Component Reaction of Triphenylphosphine, Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate, and Aldehyde Benzoylhydrazones: An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Stable Phosphorus Ylides SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectricity and Piezoelectricity held at the 15th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 20-24, 2006 CL Cancun, MEXICO DE BST; thin film; residual stress ID THIN-FILMS; RESIDUAL-STRESS; TUNABILITY; TA2O5 AB Residual stress in thin film barium strontium titanate is thought to be preferentially distributed within the thickness of the film, such that a high degree of residual stress is manifested at the film-substrate interface, and the level of residual stress gradually decreases towards the free surface. To investigate this phenomena, a series of very thin films of barium strontium titanate with both cubic (30-70 Ba-Sr ratio) and tetragonal (80-20 Ba-Sr ratio) lattice structures were fabricated on platinized silicon and magnesium oxide. The thickness of these films was varied from 4-25 nm and the level of residual stress was investigated. The results highlighted within this paper, indicate that the cubic and tetragonal films manifest stress via different mechanisms, and that the substrate affected the magnitude of the residual stress but not the mechanism of stress relief. C1 [Nothwang, W. D.; Hirsch, S. G.; Demaree, J. D.] USA, Army Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Martin, G. R.] Dynam Sci Inc, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. RP Nothwang, WD (reprint author), USA, Army Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM wnothwang@artarl.army.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 101 BP 132 EP 141 DI 10.1080/10584580802470843 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 387HI UT WOS:000261941900016 ER PT J AU Saal, J Andelm, J Nothwang, WD Cole, MW AF Saal, J. Andelm, J. Nothwang, W. D. Cole, M. W. TI The Impact of Acceptor Dopant Magnesium and Oxygen Vacancy Defects on the Lattice of Barium Strontium Titanate SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectricity and Piezoelectricity held at the 15th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 20-24, 2006 CL Cancun, MEXICO DE DFT; ab-initio; BST; magnesium oxide; oxygen vacancy ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; BAXSR1-XTIO3; BATIO3; FERROELECTRICITY; PEROVSKITES AB The effects of defects on the local and long range lattice parameters of barium strontium titanate were examined with ab-initio, density function theory (DFT) models, and the theoretical results were experimentally verified. Magnesium was examined as a B-site acceptor dopant in conjunction with oxygen vacancy defects. DFT results indicated that the lattice length between nearest titanium atoms would contract when magnesium was introduced onto the titanium site; however, the long-range titanium-titanium length would expand, resulting in an average lattice expansion for low magnesium dopant concentrations. Oxygen vacancies caused an expansion of the local lattice constant, the degree of which was influenced by the local strontium to barium ratio. The experimental results verified the generally observed theoretical trends. C1 [Andelm, J.; Nothwang, W. D.; Cole, M. W.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Saal, J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil OI Saal, James/0000-0003-0935-158X NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 101 BP 142 EP 151 DI 10.1080/10584580802470868 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 387HI UT WOS:000261941900017 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Hirsch, S Ngo, E Hubbard, C AF Cole, M. W. Hirsch, S. Ngo, E. Hubbard, C. TI Design, Fabrication and Material Properties of Temperature Stable Performance Consistent Tunable Devices SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectricity and Piezoelectricity held at the 15th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 20-24, 2006 CL Cancun, MEXICO DE temperature stable phase shifter device; dielectric properties; device integration ID TITANATE THIN-FILMS; TUNABILITY AB The premier candidate active material for tunable microwave phase shifter devices is single composition, paraelectric BaSrTiO(3) (BST). However, there is concern that in practical applications the device performance will be compromised due to the temperature dependence of the BST based device capacitance. We report a device design which controls the magnitude and the sign of the temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) via a multilayer paraelectric BST/buffer layer/ferroelectric BST coplanar device structure. To realize this multilayer device structure we have designed, fabricated, and optimized a 10 mol% Al doped Ta(2)O(5) barrier layer with low loss (tan delta = 0.004), moderate permittivity (epsilon(r) = 42.8), low TCC (-20 ppm/degrees C), and a low bias stability of capacitance (0.4%). The thin film integration of the barrier layerwith the BST layers was optimized for structure, microstructure, interfacial/surface morphology, and dielectric properties as a function of Al doping concentration, annealing temperature, material growth and integration process parameters. C1 [Cole, M. W.; Hirsch, S.; Ngo, E.; Hubbard, C.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 101 BP 182 EP 194 DI 10.1080/10584580802470991 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 387HI UT WOS:000261941900021 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Chen, X Liu, J Yuan, Z Collins, G Chen, CL Jiang, JC Meletis, EI Chen, CLP Bhalla, A Cole, MW AF Lin, Y. Chen, X. Liu, J. Yuan, Z. Collins, G. Chen, C. L. Jiang, J. C. Meletis, E. I. Chen, C. L. P. Bhalla, A. Cole, M. W. TI HIGHLY EPITAXIAL FERROELECTRIC LEAD STRONTIUM TITANATE ((Pb,Sr)TiO3) THIN FILMS WITH EXTRA LARGE DIELECTRIC TUNABILITY: A GOOD CANDIDATE FOR ROOM TEMPERATURE TUNABLE MICROWAVE ELEMENTS SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; MGO AB Lead Strontium Titanate ((Pb, Sr)TiO3, PST) thin films were epitaxially grown on (001) magnesium oxide (MgO), (001) lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3, LAO), and (110) neodymium gallate (NdGaO3, NGO) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Microstructural studies revealed that the as-grown PST films are with excellent epitaxial quality. PST films on MgO and LAO substrates exhibit a tetragonal distortion whereas the films on NGO substrates show an orthorhombic distortion. Dielectric property measurements at 1.0 MHz revealed that the room temperature dielectric constant is about 1500 with an extra large dielectric tunability value of 65% at 50 kV/cm for the PST film on the MgO substrate, and dielectric constant of 3100 with a dielectric tunability value of 48% at 50 kV/cm for the PST film on the LAO substrate. PST films on NGO substrates show anisotropic in-plane dielectric properties due to the anisotropic in-plane strain. A high zero-field dielectric constant of 4220 with a dielectric tunability value of 59% at 50 KV/cm was achieved along the a-axis of the PST film on the NGO substrate. All the films show dielectric losses smaller than 0.01. These excellent results suggest the highly epitaxial PST thin films can be a good candidate for developing room temperature tunable microwave device applications. C1 [Lin, Y.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, State Key Lab Elect Thin Films & Integrated Devic, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Chen, X.; Chen, C. L.] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Chen, X.; Chen, C. L.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Liu, J.; Yuan, Z.; Collins, G.; Chen, C. L.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Jiang, J. C.; Meletis, E. I.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Chen, C. L. P.; Bhalla, A.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Cole, M. W.] USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, State Key Lab Elect Thin Films & Integrated Devic, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM yuanlin@uestc.edu.cn RI lin, yuan/B-9955-2013; Chen, C. L. Philip/O-2657-2016 OI Chen, C. L. Philip/0000-0001-5451-7230 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 100 BP 1 EP 15 AR PII 906862835 DI 10.1080/10584580802540090 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 384SV UT WOS:000261765400001 ER PT J AU Weiss, CV Cole, MW Alpay, SP Ngo, E Toonen, RC Hirsch, SG Demaree, JD Hubbard, C AF Weiss, C. V. Cole, M. W. Alpay, S. P. Ngo, E. Toonen, R. C. Hirsch, S. G. Demaree, J. D. Hubbard, C. TI DIELECTRIC RESPONSE OF VARIABLE THICKNESS Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 FILMS FOR PROPERTY-SPECIFIC DEVICE APPLICATIONS SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE BST; dielectric constant; tunability; loss; leakage current; thickness ID (BA,SR)TIO3 THIN-FILMS; STRONTIUM-TITANATE FILMS; LEAKAGE-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS; INTERNAL-STRESSES; TUNABILITY; DEPOSITION; STRAIN; ELECTRODES; LAYERS AB The dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate thin films with composition Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 were studied as a function of film thickness for implementation in a variety of devices with different requirements. Films were prepared by metalorganic solution deposition and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Rutherford back-scattering. The dielectric (100 kHz) and insulating properties were also measured. The film morphology and dielectric/insulating properties are thickness dependent, yet the best combination of properties was in films of 160 nm to 240 nm. These films had a moderate dielectric constant (300), low loss ( 0.029), good tunability ( 30%), and low leakage current ( 10- 8 A/cm2). C1 [Cole, M. W.; Ngo, E.; Toonen, R. C.; Hirsch, S. G.; Demaree, J. D.; Hubbard, C.] USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Mat Directorate,Act Mat Res Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Weiss, C. V.; Alpay, S. P.] Univ Connecticut, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Weiss, C. V.; Alpay, S. P.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Mat Directorate,Act Mat Res Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil RI Alpay, Pamir/E-2666-2013 FU U. S. Army Research Office [W911NF-05-1-0528] FX C. V. W. gratefully acknowledges the staff at the Army Research Laboratory ( ARL), especially those in the Weapons and Materials Research Directorate; Materials Directorate, Active Materials Research Team. This work was supported by the U. S. Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF-05-1-0528. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 100 BP 36 EP 47 AR PII 906862446 DI 10.1080/10584580802540280 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 384SV UT WOS:000261765400005 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Alpay, SP AF Cole, M. W. Alpay, S. P. TI ENHANCED DIELECTRIC RESPONSE AND TEMPERATURE INSENSITIVITY OF COMPOSITIONALLY STRATIFIED BA1-xSRxTIO3 THIN FILMS SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE BST; dielectric response; temperature stable ID PULSED-LASER-DEPOSITION; TUNABLE MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS; SOL-GEL TECHNIQUE; DEVICE APPLICATIONS; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; GRADED (BA; MICROSTRUCTURES; TUNABILITY; CAPACITORS AB In this work we have developed and fabricated a compositionally stratified multilayered Ba1 -xSrxTiO3(BST) thin film heterostructure with a systematically varied stiochoimetric composition from Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 to Ba0.90Sr0.10TiO3. The optimized material design was characterized for structural, microstructural, dielectric (100 kHz and 0.5-10 GHz), and temperature stability properties. Experimental results demonstrated that the compositionally stratified thin film heterostructure possessed low loss (tan = 0.012), and high tunability (65.5% at 444 kV/cm). In addition, the BST heterostructure exhibited minimal dielectric dispersion in the temperature range of 90 to -10C, showing a 6.4% decrease in permittivity (corresponding to a temperature coefficient of capacitance TCC20-90 = -0.921) as the temperature was elevated from 20 to 90C and only a 2.1 increase in permittivity (TCC20 - (- 10) = -0.716) as the temperature was lowered from 20 to -10C. Our results suggest that the compositionally stratified BST heterostructure, with its enhanced tunability and excellent temperature stability, is an excellent candidate for the next generation of tunable devices operating in harsh, i.e., temperature extreme, environments. C1 [Cole, M. W.] USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Act Mat Res Grp, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Alpay, S. P.] Univ Connecticut, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Alpay, S. P.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Act Mat Res Grp, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil RI Alpay, Pamir/E-2666-2013 FU U. S. Army Research Office [W911NF-05-1-0528] FX The authors would like to thank C. Hubbard for the XRD data collection and S. G. Hirsch for the FESEM and AFM data collection. The work at UConn was supported by the U. S. Army Research Office through Grant No. W911NF-05-1-0528. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 100 BP 48 EP 60 AR PII 906862165 DI 10.1080/10584580802540314 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 384SV UT WOS:000261765400006 ER PT J AU Weaver, J Yuan, Z Liu, J Collins, G Chen, CL Jiang, JC He, J Meletis, EI Guo, RY Bhalla, A Lin, B Giurgiutiu, V Cole, MW AF Weaver, J. Yuan, Z. Liu, J. Collins, G. Chen, C. L. Jiang, J. C. He, J. Meletis, E. I. Guo, R. Y. Bhalla, A. Lin, B. Giurgiutiu, V. Cole, M. W. TI INTEGRATION OF FERROELECTRIC BaTiO3 THIN FILMS DIRECTLY ON NI AND TI METALLIC TAPES FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEMS AND ENERGY HARVEST APPLICATIONS SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric films; metallic substrate; microstructure; interface; integration ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; GROWTH; ACTUATORS; SENSORS AB Ferroelectric BaTiO3 thin films were fabricated directly on various metallic substrate materials such as Ni and Ti by using the pulsed laser for the development of structural health monitoring systems and energy harvest applications. Microstructure studies from x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy indicate that the as-grown BaTiO3 thin films have pure BaTiO3 crystal phase. The TEM studies indicate that the BaTiO3 films are composed of crystalline assemblage of nanopillars with average cross sections from 100 nm to 200 nm and can be directly integrated on the Ni tapes without the formation of NiO interlayer suggesting that this system can be developed for super-capacitor devices. The BaTiO3films have good interface structures and strong adhesion with respect to Ni and Ti substrates. Dielectric measurements have shown the hysteresis loop at room temperature in the film with a large remanent polarization, indicating that the ferroelectric domains have been created in the as-deposited BTO films. The successful integration of ferroelectric thin films directly on metallic materials has promised for the development of the structural health monitoring systems and energy harvest devices. C1 [Weaver, J.; Yuan, Z.; Liu, J.; Collins, G.; Chen, C. L.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Chen, C. L.] Univ Houston, TcSUH, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Jiang, J. C.; He, J.; Meletis, E. I.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Guo, R. Y.; Bhalla, A.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Lin, B.; Giurgiutiu, V.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Cole, M. W.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chen, CL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM cl.chen@utsa.edu RI Lin, Bin/A-7762-2012; GIURGIUTIU, VICTOR/B-3137-2012 OI Lin, Bin/0000-0003-3796-3129; FU National Science Foundation [NSF/CMS-0528873]; NSF/CMMI-0709293; Texas Advanced Program of the State of Texas; State of Texas FX This work is partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Award Number NSF/CMS-0528873 and NSF/CMMI-0709293, the Texas Advanced Program of the State of Texas, and the State of Texas through the Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 100 BP 61 EP 71 AR PII 906862671 DI 10.1080/10584580802540355 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 384SV UT WOS:000261765400007 ER PT S AU Wilkes, J Campisano, P AF Wilkes, John Campisano, Peter BE Hartman, H TI WHY SOCIOLOGY COURSES COMBINED WITH A REQUIRED STS PROJECT ARE MUTUALLY ENHANCING: THE WPI EXPERIENCE SO INTEGRATING THE SCIENCES AND SOCIETY: CHALLENGES, PRACTICES, AND POTENTIALS SE Research in Social Problems and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wilkes, John; Campisano, Peter] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Social Sci & Policy Studies, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Campisano, Peter] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Wilkes, J (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Social Sci & Policy Studies, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0196-1152 BN 978-1-8485-5298-2 J9 RES SOC PROBL PUBLIC PY 2008 VL 16 BP 115 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S0196-1152(08)16006-9 PG 49 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA BOI76 UT WOS:000276769200007 ER PT S AU Phillips-Wren, G Ichalkaranje, N Jain, LC AF Phillips-Wren, Gloria Ichalkaranje, Nikhil Jain, Lakhmi C. BE PhillipsWren, G Ichalkaranje, N Jain, LC TI Intelligent Decision Making: An AI-Based Approach Preface SO INTELLIGENT DECISION MAKING: AN AI-BASED APPROACH SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Phillips-Wren, Gloria] Loyola Coll Maryland, Sellinger Sch Business & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. [Phillips-Wren, Gloria] USA, Res Lab, Prop Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Jain, Lakhmi C.] Univ S Australia, Knowledge Based Intelligent Engn Syst Ctr, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Phillips-Wren, G (reprint author), Loyola Coll Maryland, Sellinger Sch Business & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. EM gwren@loyola.edu; Lakhmi.jain@unisa.edu.au; Lakhmi.jain@unisa.edu.au NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-540-76828-9 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2008 VL 97 BP VII EP VIII D2 10.1007/978-3-540-76829-6 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BMC91 UT WOS:000271866700001 ER PT J AU Auliff, M O'Neil, MT Gardiner, DL Adams, JH Cheng, Q AF Auliff, M. O'Neil, Michael T. Gardiner, Don L. Adams, John H. Cheng, Qin TI Investigation of genetic mutations in Plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reducatase and susceptibility to conventional and new antifolate antimalarials using a Plasmodium falciparum expression system. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Molecular Approaches to Malaria Meeting (MAM 2008) CY FEB 03-07, 2008 CL Lorne, AUSTRALIA SP BioMalPar, Boehringer Ingelheim Foods, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Wellcome Trust, ARC/NHMRC Net Parasitol, Australian Soc Biochem & Molecular Biol, Lorne Protein Conf, GlaxoSmithKline C1 [Auliff, M.; Cheng, Qin] Australian army Malaria Inst, Dept Drug Resistance & Diagnost, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [O'Neil, Michael T.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Gardiner, Don L.] Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Adams, John H.] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Global Hlth Infect Dis Res Program, Tampa, FL USA. RI Gardiner, Don/G-4717-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 SU 1 MA P193 BP S88 EP S88 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 262CW UT WOS:000253127600253 ER PT J AU Dent, A Bergmann-Leitner, E Wilson, D Tisch, D Kimmel, R Sumba, PO Beeson, J Angov, E Moorman, A Kazura, J AF Dent, Arlene Bergmann-Leitner, Elke Wilson, Danny Tisch, Daniei Kimmel, Rhonda Sumba, Peter Odada Beeson, James Angov, Evelina Moorman, Ann Kazura, James TI Malaria immunity measured by antibody-mediated growth inhibition assay (GIA) decreases with age and is associated with protection from blood stage infection in naturally exposed persons. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Molecular Approaches to Malaria Meeting (MAM 2008) CY FEB 03-07, 2008 CL Lorne, AUSTRALIA SP BioMalPar, Boehringer Ingelheim Foods, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Wellcome Trust, ARC/NHMRC Net Parasitol, Australian Soc Biochem & Molecular Biol, Lorne Protein Conf, GlaxoSmithKline C1 [Dent, Arlene; Tisch, Daniei; Kimmel, Rhonda; Moorman, Ann; Kazura, James] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Sumba, Peter Odada] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. [Bergmann-Leitner, Elke; Angov, Evelina] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. [Wilson, Danny; Beeson, James] Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 SU 1 BP S79 EP S79 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 262CW UT WOS:000253127600222 ER PT J AU Gresty, K Jirage, D Waters, NC AF Gresty, Karryn Jirage, Dayadevi Waters, Norman C. TI Activity of the cyclin dependent protein kinase, Pfmrk, is regulated through an autophosphorylation mechanism. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Molecular Approaches to Malaria Meeting (MAM 2008) CY FEB 03-07, 2008 CL Lorne, AUSTRALIA SP BioMalPar, Boehringer Ingelheim Foods, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Wellcome Trust, ARC/NHMRC Net Parasitol, Australian Soc Biochem & Molecular Biol, Lorne Protein Conf, GlaxoSmithKline C1 [Gresty, Karryn; Waters, Norman C.] Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld, Australia. [Waters, Norman C.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Jirage, Dayadevi; Waters, Norman C.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 SU 1 BP S56 EP S57 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 262CW UT WOS:000253127600140 ER PT J AU Jirage, D Co, EM Chen, Y Caridha, D Dennull, RA Reinbold, D Waters, NC AF Jirage, Davadevi Co, Edgie-Mark Chen, Yueqin Caridha, Diana Dennull, Richard A. Reinbold, Drew Waters, Norman C. TI A dual role for the malarial CDK effector protein PfMAT1. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Molecular Approaches to Malaria Meeting (MAM 2008) CY FEB 03-07, 2008 CL Lorne, AUSTRALIA SP BioMalPar, Boehringer Ingelheim Foods, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Wellcome Trust, ARC/NHMRC Net Parasitol, Australian Soc Biochem & Molecular Biol, Lorne Protein Conf, GlaxoSmithKline C1 [Jirage, Davadevi; Co, Edgie-Mark; Chen, Yueqin; Caridha, Diana; Dennull, Richard A.; Reinbold, Drew; Waters, Norman C.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Waters, Norman C.] Australia Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld 96553, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 SU 1 BP S55 EP S55 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 262CW UT WOS:000253127600134 ER PT J AU Tsuboi, T Takeo, S Iriko, H Jin, L Tsuchimochi, M Matsuda, S Han, ET Otsuki, H Kaneko, O Sattabongkot, J Udomsangpetch, R Sawasaki, T Torii, M Endo, Y AF Tsuboi, Takafumi Takeo, Satoru Iriko, Hideyuki Jin, Ling Tsuchimochi, Masateru Matsuda, Shusaku Han, Eun-Taek Otsuki, Hitoshi Kaneko, Osamu Sattabongkot, Jetsumon Udomsangpetch, Rachanee Sawasaki, Tatsuya Torii, Motomi Endo, Yaeta TI Expression of malaria vaccine candidates using a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system without codon optimisation. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Molecular Approaches to Malaria Meeting (MAM 2008) CY FEB 03-07, 2008 CL Lorne, AUSTRALIA SP BioMalPar, Boehringer Ingelheim Foods, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Wellcome Trust, ARC/NHMRC Net Parasitol, Australian Soc Biochem & Molecular Biol, Lorne Protein Conf, GlaxoSmithKline C1 [Tsuboi, Takafumi; Takeo, Satoru; Tsuchimochi, Masateru; Matsuda, Shusaku; Han, Eun-Taek; Sawasaki, Tatsuya; Endo, Yaeta] Ehime Univ, Cell Free Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan. [Tsuboi, Takafumi; Iriko, Hideyuki; Jin, Ling] Ehime Univ, Venture Business Lab, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan. [Otsuki, Hitoshi; Kaneko, Osamu; Torii, Motomi] Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Mol Parasitol, Matsuyama, Ehime 790, Japan. [Sattabongkot, Jetsumon] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok, Thailand. [Udomsangpetch, Rachanee] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Pathobiol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 SU 1 BP S77 EP S77 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 262CW UT WOS:000253127600212 ER PT J AU Brennan, R Haber, R Niesz, D McCauley, J AF Brennan, Raymond Haber, Richard Niesz, Dale McCauley, James TI Ultrasonic evaluation of high-density silicon carbide ceramics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINTERED CERAMICS; DOMAIN; GREEN AB Nondestructive ultrasound testing has been evaluated as a technique for analyzing isolated bulk defects and microstructural inhomogeneities in silicon carbide (SiC). Three SiC samples of varying thickness, two of which were fabricated by hot pressing and a third that was fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), were characterized using pulse-echo ultrasound characterization at a frequency of 75 MHz. Point analysis techniques were utilized to measure variations in time-of-flight (TOF), or ultrasound travel time through each sample, for calculation of regional differences in material velocity and elastic properties. C-scan imaging was used to evaluate differences in both TOF and reflected signal amplitude over the area of each sample. Area-under-the-curve (AUTC) and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) data were obtained from normalized histograms to establish trends for direct sample comparison. It was determined that lower AUTC and FWHM values correlated to higher density samples with fewer inhomogeneities. However, the histogram tail area and distribution were also important features, providing information about specific inhomogeneities and their distributions. C1 [Brennan, Raymond; Haber, Richard; Niesz, Dale] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [McCauley, James] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Brennan, R (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM rayb4@eden.rutgers.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2008.02208.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 280GX UT WOS:000254415000011 ER PT J AU Carns, B Fadare, O AF Carns, Bhavini Fadare, Oluwole TI Papanicolaou Test in the Detection of High-Grade Cervical Lesions: A Re-evaluation Based on Cytohistologic Non-correlation Rates in 356 Concurrently Obtained Samples SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cytohistologic correlation; Pap test; accuracy; sensitivity; specificity; performance; colposcopy AB Studies evaluating the routine Papanicolaou (Pap) test have traditionally used as the reference gold standard, the diagnoses on the follow-up histologic samples. Since the latter are typically obtained days to weeks after the Pap test, the accuracy of the resultant comparison may be affected by interim factors, such as regression of human papillomavirus, new lesion acquisitions or colposcopy-associated variability. A subset of our clinicians have routinely obtained cervical cytology samples immediately prior to their colposcopic procedures, which presented a unique opportunity to re-evaluate the test performance of liquid-based cervical cytology in detecting the most clinically significant lesions (i.e. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or worse: CIN2+), using as gold standard, diagnoses on cervical biopsies that were essentially obtained simultaneously. For each patient, cytohistologic non-correlation between the Pap test and biopsy was considered to be present when either modality displayed a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL)/CIN2+ while the other displayed a less severe lesion. Therefore, HGSIL/CIN2+ was present in both the Pap test and biopsy in true positives, and absent in both modalities in true negatives. In false positives, the Pap test showed HGSIL while the biopsy showed less than a CIN2+. In false negatives, Pap tests displaying less than a HGSIL were associated with biopsies displaying CIN2+. Combinations associated with "atypical" interpretations were excluded. A cytohistologic non-correlation was present in 17 (4.8%) of the 356 combinations reviewed. The non-correlation was attributed, by virtue of having the less severe interpretation, to the Pap test in all 17 cases. There were 17, 322, 0, and 17 true positives, true negatives, false positives and false negatives respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the Pap test, at a diagnostic threshold of HGSIL, in identifying a CIN2+ lesion were 50%, 100%, 100% and 95% respectively. Even in Pap test/biopsy combinations obtained on the same day by the same colposcopist and evaluated by the same pathologist, there is a 4.8% (17/356) false negative rate associated with the Pap test. Our findings suggest that there may be an intrinsic error rate associated with this test modality. C1 [Carns, Bhavini; Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Carns, Bhavini] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Carns, Bhavini] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Pathol Program, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU E-CENTURY PUBLISHING CORP PI MADISON PA 40 WHITE OAKS LN, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-2625 J9 INT J CLIN EXP PATHO JI Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Oncology; Pathology SC Oncology; Pathology GA V18RG UT WOS:000208021300008 PM 18784830 ER PT J AU Hall, JM Saenger, JS Fadare, O AF Hall, Jordan M. Saenger, Jeff S. Fadare, Oluwole TI Diagnostic Utility of P63 and CD10 in Distinguishing Cutaneous Spindle Cell/Sarcomatoid Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Atypical Fibroxanthomas SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atypical fibroxanthoma; p63; CD10; skin; sarcomatoid/spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma AB The pathologic distinction of atypical fibroxanthomas (AFXs) from cutaneous spindle cell/sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinomas (SCSCCs) may occasionally pose a significant diagnostic challenge, given the substantial clinicopathologic overlap between these lesions. Recent studies indicate that p63 and CD10 are expressed in significant proportions of SCSCC and AFX, respectively. The purpose of this study is to investigate the utility of CD10 and p63 in distinguishing cutaneous SCSCCs and AFXs. The immunohistochemical expression of p63, CD10, cytokeratin AE-1/3, cytokeratin 5/6 and a cytokeratin cocktail (Kermix) was evaluated in an archived group of 23 AFXs and 10 SCSCCs. CD10 was positive in 18/23 AFXs (78%), with most demonstrating strong and/or diffuse staining. Three of 23 AFXs (13%), all negative for cytokeratins, showed focal and weak nuclear staining for p63. Two of 23 AFXs (9%) demonstrated very focal or weak staining for only one cytokeratin; in both cases, p63 and CD10 were negative. One AFX was negative with all immunostains. CD10 was positive in 6/10 SCSCCs (60%), with half demonstrating strong and/or diffuse staining. P63 was positive in 9/10 SCSCCs (90%), with most demonstrating strong and diffuse staining. One SCSCC was negative for p63, but positive with two cytokeratin immunostains. In conclusion, the expression of any of the cytokeratins evaluated herein significantly distinguished AFX from SCSCC. CD10 used in isolation, however, was not useful in making this distinction (positive in 18/23 AFXs versus 6/10 SCSCCs, p=0.4). The addition of CD10 to a panel that includes p63 did not provide any additional information to that obtained from the latter alone. Overall, the most effective combination to distinguish AFX from SCSCC was p63 and cytokeratin AE-1/3. Positivity for both p63 and cytokeratin AE-1/3 was seen in 9/10 SCSCCs (90%) and was not observed in any of the 23 AFXs (p<0.0001). The usefulness of CD10 in this differential diagnosis is limited. C1 [Hall, Jordan M.; Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Hall, Jordan M.; Saenger, Jeff S.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78235 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Hall, JM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Jordan.hall@lackland.af.mil FU Clinical Research Squadron, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX, USA FX This study was funded in part by a grant from the Clinical Research Squadron, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU E-CENTURY PUBLISHING CORP PI MADISON PA 40 WHITE OAKS LN, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-2625 J9 INT J CLIN EXP PATHO JI Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. PY 2008 VL 1 IS 6 BP 524 EP 530 PG 7 WC Oncology; Pathology SC Oncology; Pathology GA V18RJ UT WOS:000208021600007 PM 18787630 ER PT J AU Brolin, K Hedenstierna, S Halldin, P Bass, C Alem, N AF Brolin, K. Hedenstierna, S. Halldin, P. Bass, C. Alem, N. TI The importance of muscle tension on the outcome of impacts with a major vertical component SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRASHWORTHINESS LA English DT Article DE finite elements; cervical muscles; impacts; head-neck kinematics; neck injuries ID CERVICAL-SPINE; IN-VITRO; NECK MUSCLES; HEAD; ACCELERATION; LIGAMENTS; PRESSURE; INJURY; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; MOVEMENTS AB The hypothesis that muscle tension protects the spine from injuries in helicopter scenarios was tested using a finite-element model of the human head and neck. It was compared with cadaver crash sled experiment with good correlation. Then, simulations were performed with a sinusoidal velocity (5-22 G) applied at T1 60 to the horizontal plane. The model with relaxed muscle activation had delayed and decreased peak head rotation compared with passive properties only. Full muscle activation decreased the injury risk for the 13.5-22 G impacts. A sensitivity study of the impact angle showed a very slight variation of the resulting neck flexion, and 1 change affected all ligament injury predictions less than 4%. Finally, simulations with helmets resulted in increased ligament and disc strains with increasing helmet mass and with an anterior or inferior shift of the centre of gravity. It is concluded that the hypothesis seems to hold. C1 [Brolin, K.; Hedenstierna, S.; Halldin, P.] Royal Inst Technol, Div Neuron Engn, Sch Technol & Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden. [Bass, C.] Univ Virginia, Ctr Appl Biomech, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Alem, N.] USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Fort Rucker, AL USA. [Brolin, K.] Engn Res Nord AB, Linkoping, Sweden. RP Hedenstierna, S (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Div Neuron Engn, Sch Technol & Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden. EM Sofia.Hedenstierna@sth.kth.se RI Brolin, Karin /A-4801-2016 OI Brolin, Karin /0000-0002-9173-2498 FU European Research Office of the US Army [N62558-03-C-0013] FX This material is based upon the work supported by the European Research Office of the US Army under Contract no. N62558-03-C-0013. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1358-8265 J9 INT J CRASHWORTHINES JI Int. J. Crashworthiness PY 2008 VL 13 IS 5 BP 487 EP 498 DI 10.1080/13588260802215510 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 345ZA UT WOS:000259036900003 ER PT J AU Estes, AC Welch, RW Ressler, SJ AF Estes, Allen C. Welch, Ronald W. Ressler, Stephen J. TI Program Assessment: A Structured, Systematic, Sustainable Example for Civil Engineers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE course assessments; embedded indicators; performance measures; outcomes; objectives; advisory boards; constituencies; feedback loop ID OUTCOMES; PORTFOLIO; DESIGN AB As the outcomes-based accreditation process has continued to evolve since its implementation six years ago, the standards for program assessment and continuous improvement are progressively being raised and many schools struggle with what is required. This paper offers an example of a structured. systematic, sustainable assessment program implemented the civil engineering program at the United States Military Academy. The process is compatible with the university assessment process and has eight years of documented results. The assessment includes fast loop and slow loop cycles that accomplish very different things. Other features include standardized course assessments, embedded indicators, performance measures for all outcomes and objectives, advisory boards, feedback from all constituencies, faculty involvement, and closing of the feedback loop. C1 [Estes, Allen C.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Architectural Engn Dept, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Welch, Ronald W.] Univ Texas Tyler, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. [Ressler, Stephen J.] US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Estes, AC (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Architectural Engn Dept, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM acestes@calpoly.edu NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 864 EP 876 PG 13 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 397XC UT WOS:000262694600004 ER PT J AU Shay, LA Huggins, KL Blair, JRS Shoop, BL AF Shay, Lisa A. Huggins, Kevin L. Blair, Jean R. S. Shoop, Barry L. TI Approaches to Increasing the Efficiency of an Effective Outcome Assessment Process SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE ABET accreditation; outcome assessment ID LEARNING OUTCOMES AB We use the framework of the Electrical Engineering Program and the Computer Science Program within the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point to describe a systematic process to increase efficiency in assessing program outcomes while maintaining effectiveness of the assessment results. We describe two systems used in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Programs to reduce the number of embedded indicators and therefore the time required by faculty to accomplish program outcome assessment. We then propose an extension of the Computer Science system to formalize faculty communications to ensure the student learning model facilitates program outcome achievement. Finally, we propose a cross-correlation matrix used by both programs that eliminates redundancy of assessing a program multiple times for different accreditation sources. These approaches not only effectively monitor graduate abilities, but also provide mechanisms to monitor individual course contribution and serve as troubleshooting instruments for deficient outcome results. This process can also be extended to satisfy other institutional assessment requirements and encourages increased faculty interaction which results in improved course linkages. C1 [Shay, Lisa A.; Huggins, Kevin L.; Blair, Jean R. S.; Shoop, Barry L.] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Shay, LA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Lisa.Shay@usma.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 884 EP 892 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 397XC UT WOS:000262694600006 ER PT J AU Clayton, JD Chung, PW Grinfeld, MA Nothwang, WD AF Clayton, J. D. Chung, P. W. Grinfeld, M. A. Nothwang, W. D. TI Kinematics, electromechanics, and kinetics of dielectric and piezoelectric crystals with lattice defects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dielectric; piezoelectric; diffusion; vacancy; dislocation; domain wall ID FERROELECTRIC THIN-FILMS; STRONTIUM-TITANATE FILMS; ANGLE GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; CONTINUUM THEORY; DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; RESIDUAL-STRESS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DISLOCATIONS; MODEL AB A mathematical framework is formulated to address the electromechanical behavior of dielectric and piezoelectric solids containing lattice imperfections. The macroscopic displacement gradient encompasses recoverable elasticity, deviatoric plasticity arising from dislocation glide, and volumetric deformation attributed to point vacancies in the crystal. A linear connection on the spatial manifold of deformed lattice vectors describes gradients of stretch and rotation at the microscale caused by continuous distributions of various classes of crystal defects. It is shown that parallel transport of a lattice director vector with respect to this connection about a closed loop yields a discontinuity with contributions from the torsion of the connection (physically, from dislocations) and its curvature (physically, from rotational defects such as domain walls, and from gradients in vacancy concentration). Classical balance laws of electrostatics and mass and momentum conservation are invoked. A free energy function dependent upon lattice distortion, polarization, temperature, and defect densities is suggested. Thermodynamically consistent kinetic relations for dislocation glide and vacancy diffusion are then derived, with the chemical potential for the latter depending upon defect density, electric potential, hydrostatic pressure, and vacancy energy. The theory also explicitly considers mass rearrangement at the free surface of the substance. Two forms of the contribution of vacancies to the free energy are investigated in detail: a logarithmic function common in chemical mixing theory, and a quadratic function analogous to the convex strain energy used in continuum elasticity theory. For the latter case, the analytical solution of the diffusion equation in one spatial dimension, at steady state, illustrates the effects of defect charge, defect energy, and mechanical stress on the distribution of vacancies in a dielectric thin film. A specific example is Riven of how compressive residual stresses observed in experiments may be correlated with the equilibrium concentration of vacancies within grains of a polycrystalline dielectric thin film, influencing its electrical performance. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Clayton, J. D.; Chung, P. W.; Grinfeld, M. A.; Nothwang, W. D.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Clayton, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jclayton@arl.army.mil RI Clayton, John/C-7760-2009 NR 87 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 10 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2007.09.001 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 261QG UT WOS:000253094500002 ER PT J AU Jacobs, TJ Jagmin, C Williamson, WJ Filipi, ZS Assanis, DN Bryzik, W AF Jacobs, Timothy J. Jagmin, Chad Williamson, Wesley J. Filipi, Zoran S. Assanis, Dennis N. Bryzik, Walter TI Performance and emission enhancements of a variable geometry turbocharger on a heavy-duty diesel engine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAVY VEHICLE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE diesel engine; VGT; variable geometry turbocharger; EGR; exhaust gas recirculation; engine emissions; engine fuel consumption AB Variable Geometry Turbochargers (VGTs) have emerged in the heavy-duty diesel market with the simultaneous introduction of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) in meeting emission standards. From a military perspective, VGTs offer considerable promise of improving low speed torque and overall fuel economy. Despite these gains, nitric oxides (NO(x)) emissions generally increase with increased boost. During times when the military can reduce its environmental impact, VGTs can drive EGR and counter the increase in NO(x) emissions with relatively minor penalty in particular matter (PM) emissions. This study highlights the performance and emission enhancements enabled by a VGT on a heavy-duty diesel engine. C1 [Jacobs, Timothy J.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Jagmin, Chad] USA, HHC, Mt Div G5 Plans 10, APO, AE 09342 USA. [Williamson, Wesley J.] USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Lab, CERDEC, RDECOM,Army Mat Command, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Filipi, Zoran S.; Assanis, Dennis N.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bryzik, Walter] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Jacobs, TJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, 3123 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tjjacobs@tamu.edu; chad.jagmin@us.army.mil; wesley.williamson@us.army.mil; filipi@umich.edu; assanis@umich.edu; wbryzik@eng.wayne.edu FU Automotive Research Center (ARC); National Automotive Center (NAC); US Army Tank-Automotive Research; Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC); ARC is a US Army Center of Excellence for Automotive Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge the technical and financial support of the Automotive Research Center (ARC) by the National Automotive Center (NAC), and the US Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC). The ARC is a US Army Center of Excellence for Automotive Research at the University of Michigan, currently in partnership with the University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Clemson University, University of Iowa, Oakland University, University of Tennessee, Wayne State University, and University of Wisconsin-Madison. Dr. Peter Schihl of TARDEC provided valuable guidance and significantly influenced the scope of this research. Additionally, the authors wish to thank Detroit Diesel Corporation, and in particular Mr. Tim Schafer, for their financial, hardware and technical support throughout this study. Finally, Mr. Kevin Morrison, Mr. Bill Kirkpatrick, and Mr. John Mears are thanked for their assistance in the engine test NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1744-232X J9 INT J HEAVY VEH SYST JI Int. J. Heavy Veh. Syst. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2-4 BP 170 EP 187 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 406QE UT WOS:000263309200004 ER PT J AU Huck, NO McBride, SA Kendall, AP Grugle, NL Killgore, WDS AF Huck, Nathan O. McBride, Sharon A. Kendall, Athena P. Grugle, Nancy L. Killgore, William D. S. TI The effects of modafinil, caffeine, and dextroamphetamine on judgments of simple versus complex emotional expressions following sleep deprivation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE caffeine; dextroamphetamine; emotion; face perception; fatigue; modafinil; sleep deprivation; stimulants ID PROMOTING AGENT MODAFINIL; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; CATEGORY FLUENCY; DECISION-MAKING; PERFORMANCE; RECOGNITION; ACTIVATION; VIGILANCE; FATIGUE; FACES AB Cognitive abilities such as vigilance, attention, memory, and executive functioning can be degraded significantly following extended periods of wakefulness. Although much evidence suggests that sleep-loss induced deficits in alertness and vigilance can be reversed or mitigated by stimulants such as caffeine, it is not clear how these compounds may affect other higher level cognitive processes such as emotional perception and judgment. Following 47 h of sleep deprivation, the study examined the effect of three stimulant medications (modafinil 400 mg, dextroamphetamine 20 mg, caffeine 600 mg) or placebo on the ability of 54 healthy participants to discriminate and label simple emotional expressions versus complex affect blends (created by morphing photographs of two different affective facial expressions). For simple affective faces, neither sleep loss nor stimulant medications made any difference on the accuracy of judgments. In contrast, for complex emotion blends, all three stimulant medications significantly improved the ability to discriminate subtle aspects of emotion correctly relative to placebo, but did not differ from one another. These findings suggest that all three stimulant medications are effective at restoring some aspects of subtle affective perception. C1 [Huck, Nathan O.; McBride, Sharon A.; Kendall, Athena P.; Grugle, Nancy L.; Killgore, William D. S.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Dept Behav Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Killgore, WDS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Dept Behav Biol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM william.d.killgore@us.army.mil OI Killgore, William/0000-0002-5328-0208 NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7454 J9 INT J NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Neurosci. PY 2008 VL 118 IS 4 BP 487 EP 502 DI 10.1080/00207450601125907 PG 16 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 270PY UT WOS:000253733900002 PM 18322858 ER PT J AU Killgore, WDS Mcbride, SA Killgore, DB Balkin, TJ Kamimori, GH AF Killgore, William D. S. Mcbride, Sharon A. Killgore, Desiree B. Balkin, Thomas J. Kamimori, Gary H. TI Baseline odor identification ability predicts degradation of psychomotor vigilance during 77 hours of sleep deprivation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE attention; odor identification; olfaction; psychomotor vigilance; sleep deprivation; Smell Identification Test ID TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY; OLFACTORY IDENTIFICATION; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTICES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; INTERNAL CONSISTENCY; 24 H; PERFORMANCE; CAFFEINE; BRAIN; SMELL AB Scores on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, a measure of the functional integrity of the orbitofrontal cortex, were used to predict the vulnerability to cognitive declines during 77 hr of sleep deprivation. Twenty-one healthy volunteers completed the Smell Identification Test at rested baseline followed by repeated psychomotor vigilance testing throughout each night. Participants with better smell identification abilities sustained faster speeds and fewer lapses on the second and third nights of sleep deprivation than participants with lower scores. Individual differences in trait-like functioning of the orbitofrontal cortex are predictive of the ability to sustain alertness and vigilance during continuous wakefulness. C1 [Killgore, William D. S.; Mcbride, Sharon A.; Killgore, Desiree B.; Balkin, Thomas J.; Kamimori, Gary H.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Dept Behav Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Killgore, WDS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, McLean Hosp, Sch Med, Brain Imaging Ctr, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478 USA. EM killgore@mclean.harvard.edu OI Killgore, William/0000-0002-5328-0208 NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0020-7454 J9 INT J NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Neurosci. PY 2008 VL 118 IS 9 BP 1207 EP 1225 DI 10.1080/00207450801941368 PG 19 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 336RZ UT WOS:000258383600001 PM 18698505 ER PT J AU Killgore, WDS Muckle, AE Grugle, NL Killgore, DB Balkin, TJ AF Killgore, William D. S. Muckle, Alison E. Grugle, Nancy L. Killgore, Desiree B. Balkin, Thomas J. TI SEX DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE ESTIMATION DURING SLEEP DEPRIVATION: EFFECTS OF STIMULANT COUNTERMEASURES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE caffeine; dextroamphetamine; executive function; modafinil; sleep deprivation; stimulants ID DECISION-MAKING; ONE NIGHT; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; HEALTHY-ADULTS; BRAIN ACTIVITY; 24 H; MODAFINIL; PERFORMANCE; CAFFEINE; ALERTNESS AB Stimulant medications restore simple alertness during sleep loss, but it is not clear how they affect complex executive functions, particularly in light of sex differences in cerebral organization. The effectiveness of caffeine, modafinil, dextroamphetamine, or placebo for sustaining performance on the Biber Cognitive Estimation Test (BCET) was compared in 29 men and 25 women following 46 hr of sleep deprivation. Stimulants had differential effects on BCET performance as a function of the sex of the subjects. Women receiving placebo or caffeine scored significantly worse than males, while modafinil and dextroamphetamine were effective at sustaining BCET performance of men and women. C1 [Killgore, William D. S.; Muckle, Alison E.; Grugle, Nancy L.; Killgore, Desiree B.; Balkin, Thomas J.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Killgore, WDS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, McLean Hosp, Sch Med, Neuroimaging Ctr, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478 USA. EM killgore@mclean.harvard.edu OI Killgore, William/0000-0002-5328-0208 NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7454 J9 INT J NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Neurosci. PY 2008 VL 118 IS 11 BP 1547 EP 1557 DI 10.1080/00207450802323970 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 359HA UT WOS:000259975800006 PM 18853333 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, WD White, PM Wolf, DC Thoma, GJ Reynolds, CM AF Kirkpatrick, W. D. White, P. M., Jr. Wolf, D. C. Thoma, G. J. Reynolds, C. M. TI Petroleum-degrading microbial numbers in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere crude oil-contaminated soil SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; rhizosphere-enhanced remediation; alkane-degrading microorganisms; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading microorganisms; hydrocarbondegrading microorganisms ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; TALL FESCUE; PHYTOREMEDIATION; BIODEGRADATION; NITROGEN; BIOREMEDIATION; DISSIPATION; POPULATIONS; FERTILIZERS AB Phytoremediation can be a cost-effective and environmentally acceptable method to clean up crude oil-contaminated soils in situ. Our research objective was to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) additions and plant growth on the number of total hydrocarbon (TH)-, alkane-, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading microorganisms in weathered crude oil-contaminated soil. A warm-season grass, sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf), was grown for 7 wk in soil with a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) level of 16.6 g TPH/kg soil. Nitrogen was added based upon TPH-C:added total N (TPH-C:TN) ratios ranging from 44:1 to 11:1. Unvegetated and unamended controls were also evaluated. The TH-, alkane-, and PAH-degrading microbial numbers per gram of dry soil were enumerated from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil for vegetated pots and non-rhizosphere soil populations were enumerated from non-vegetated pots. Total petroleum-degrading microbial numbers were also calculated for each pot. The TH-, alkane-, and PAH-degrading microbial numbers per gram of dry soil in the sudangrass rhizosphere were 3.4, 2.6, and 4.8 times larger, respectively, than those in non-rhizosphere soil across all N rates. The presence of sudangrass resulted in significantly more TH-degrading microorganisms per pot when grown in soil with a TPH-C:TN ratio of 11:1 as compared to the control. Increased plant root growth in a crude oil-contaminated soil and a concomitant increase in petroleum-degrading microbial numbers in the rhizosphere have the potential to enhance phytoremediation. C1 [Kirkpatrick, W. D.; White, P. M., Jr.; Wolf, D. C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Thoma, G. J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Reynolds, C. M.] USACE Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Wolf, DC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Plant Sci 115, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM dwolf@uark.edu RI Thoma, Greg/B-6652-2012 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 3 BP 210 EP 221 DI 10.1080/15226510801997648 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317OY UT WOS:000257030700004 ER PT J AU Wagner, TD Kobayashi, W Dean, S Goldberg, SI Kirsch, DG Suit, HD Hornicek, FJ Springfield, DS Yoon, SS DeLaney, TF AF Wagner, T. D. Kobayashi, W. Dean, S. Goldberg, S. I. Kirsch, D. G. Suit, H. D. Hornicek, F. J. Springfield, D. S. Yoon, S. S. DeLaney, T. F. TI Combination short-course, preoperative irradiation, surgical resection and reduced-field, high-dose, postoperative irradiation in the treatment of tumors involving the bone SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and Oncology CY SEP 21-25, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol C1 [Wagner, T. D.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Kobayashi, W.; Dean, S.; Goldberg, S. I.; Suit, H. D.; Hornicek, F. J.; Springfield, D. S.; Yoon, S. S.; DeLaney, T. F.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Kirsch, D. G.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 SU S BP S503 EP S504 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1470 PG 2 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 342TB UT WOS:000258805302035 ER PT J AU Yang, GY Flaherty, L Wagner, TD Yap, JC Chandrasekhar, R Wilding, G Khushalani, NI Iyer, RV Lamonica, D Thomas, CR AF Yang, G. Y. Flaherty, L. Wagner, T. D. Yap, J. C. Chandrasekhar, R. Wilding, G. Khushalani, N. I. Iyer, R. V. Lamonica, D. Thomas, C. R. TI Subclinical impairment of renal function following abdominal radiotherapy: An analysis using specific scintigraphic and biochemical endpoints SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and Oncology CY SEP 21-25, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol C1 [Yang, G. Y.; Flaherty, L.; Yap, J. C.; Chandrasekhar, R.; Wilding, G.; Khushalani, N. I.; Iyer, R. V.; Lamonica, D.] Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. [Wagner, T. D.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Thomas, C. R.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 SU S BP S478 EP S479 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1413 PG 2 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 342TB UT WOS:000258805301546 ER PT J AU Welsh, TT Alemany, JA Montain, SJ Frykman, PN Tuckow, AP Young, AJ Nindl, BC AF Welsh, T. T. Alemany, J. A. Montain, S. J. Frykman, P. N. Tuckow, A. P. Young, A. J. Nindl, B. C. TI Effects of intensified military field training on jumping performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE soldier; physical performance; energy restriction; military ID PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; ANAEROBIC POWER; BODY-FAT; ENERGY; MEN; RELIABILITY; STRESS; SQUATS; SLEEP AB A sensitive, reliable, field-expedient test may be valuable for monitoring interventions during periods of anticipated physical performance decline. The purpose of this study was to determine the capabilities of unloaded jumping tests for detecting decrements in physical performance following eight days of military sustained operations. Twenty-nine U.S. Marines (24 +/- 1 y; 180 +/- 6 cm; 82.5 +/- 8.2 kg) performed 1, 5 and 30 repetitions) of unloaded countermovement jumps (UJ) before and after eight days of sustained operations (SUSOPS). Jump performance data was collected simultaneously using a switch mat (SM) and a linear position transducer (LPT). Jump height (m) and power (W) were highest using 1 UJ and declined 4.9 and 8.9%, respectively after SUSOPS. Jump power (JP) declined progressively over 30UJ (20%). Five UJ offered no advantages over 1 UJ and was inadequate to examine changes in muscle fatigability (pre: 1294 +/- 138W; post: 1250 165 W). The SM and a LPT were in agreement and had a high correlation (r=0.92). One UJ was a sensitive, easy to implement test for monitoring the collective impact of high physical, nutritional, cognitive, and environmental stress on an individuals' physical performance before and after 8 days of SUSOPS, suggesting decrements in physical performance associated with overreaching can be detected by simply administered field-expedient jumping tests. C1 [Welsh, T. T.; Alemany, J. A.; Frykman, P. N.; Tuckow, A. P.; Nindl, B. C.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Montain, S. J.; Young, A. J.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Nindl, BC (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM bradley.nindl@us.army.mil NR 27 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0172-4622 J9 INT J SPORTS MED JI Int. J. Sports Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1055/s-2007-964970 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 258EU UT WOS:000252852000009 PM 17879876 ER PT J AU Okamoto, M Benno, Y Leung, KP Maeda, N AF Okamoto, Masaaki Benno, Yoshimi Leung, Kai-P Maeda, Nobuko TI Bifidobacterium tsurumiense sp nov., from hamster dental plaque SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HSP60 GENE-SEQUENCES; BREVE UCC 2003; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CARIES; IDENTIFICATION; DENTICOLENS; ENUMERATION; MICROFLORA AB Three novel micro-organisms, designated strains OMB115(T), OMB118 and OMB120, were isolated from dental plaque from golden hamsters fed with a high-carbohydrate diet. The three strains were Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic rods that lacked catalase activity. Analysis of their partial 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these isolates belonged to the genus Bifidobacterium. They grew under aerobic conditions and each had a DNA G + C content of 53 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses involving phenotypic characterization and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, strain CMB115(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium, for which the name Bifidobacterium tsurumiense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OMB115(T) (=JCM 13495(T)=DSM 17777(T)). C1 [Okamoto, Masaaki; Maeda, Nobuko] Tsurumi Univ, Sch Dent Med, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2308501, Japan. [Benno, Yoshimi] RIKEN, Bioresource Ctr, Microbe Div Japan Collect Microorgan, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Leung, Kai-P] US Army Dent & Trauma Res Detachment, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Okamoto, M (reprint author), Tsurumi Univ, Sch Dent Med, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2308501, Japan. EM okamoto-m@tsurumi-u.ac.jp NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 58 BP 144 EP 148 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.65296-0 PN 1 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 261UE UT WOS:000253104700029 PM 18175700 ER PT J AU Crouse, LCB Michie, MW Major, MA Leach, GJ Reddy, G AF Crouse, Lee C. B. Michie, Mark W. Major, Michael A. Leach, Glenn J. Reddy, Gunda TI Oral bioavailability of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) from contaminated site soils in rats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; blood; oral; RDX; rats; soils ID PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; IN-VITRO; TRANSFORMATION; MONKEY; RISK; TNT AB Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), a commonly used military explosive, was detected as a contaminant of soil and water at Army facilities and ranges. This study was conducted to determine the relative oral bioavailability of RDX in contaminated soil and to develop a method to derive bioavailability adjustments for risk assessments using rodents. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats preimplanted with femoral artery catheters were dosed orally with gelatin capsules containing either pure RDX or an equivalent amount of RDX in contaminated soils from Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant (LAAP) (2300 mu g/g of soil) or Fort Meade (FM) (670 mu g/g of soil). After dosing rats, blood samples were collected from catheters at 2-h intervals (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) and at 24 and 48 h. RDX levels in the blood were determined by gas chromatography. The results show that the peak absorption of RDX in blood was 6 h for neat RDX (1.24 mg/kg) and for RDX from contaminated soil (1.24 mg/kg) of LAAP. Rats dosed with RDX-contaminated FM soil (0.2 mg/kg) showed peak levels of RDX in blood at 6 h, whereas their counterparts that received an identical dose (0.2 mg/kg) of neat RDX showed peak absorption at 4 h. The blood levels of absorbed RDX from LAAP soil were about 25% less than for neat RDX, whereas the bioavailability of RDX from FM soils was about 15% less than that seen in rats treated with neat RDX (0.2 mg/kg). The oral bioavailability in rats fed RDX in LAAP soil and the FM soil was reduced with the neat compound but decrease in bioavailability varied with the soil type. C1 [Crouse, Lee C. B.; Michie, Mark W.; Major, Michael A.; Leach, Glenn J.; Reddy, Gunda] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Toxicol, Hlth Effects Res Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Reddy, G (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Toxicol, Hlth Effects Res Program, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM gunda.reddy@us.army.mil NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1080/10915810802366885 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 354NE UT WOS:000259645500003 PM 18821395 ER PT J AU Loucks, DP Stedinger, JR Davis, DW Stakhiv, EZ AF Loucks, Daniel P. Stedinger, Jery R. Davis, Darryl W. Stakhiv, Eugene Z. TI Private and public responses to flood risks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB People continue to build and live on land subject to flooding. People do this knowing that their property may be flooded, if not totally destroyed, by raging waters and accompanying debris, however, many do not fully understand and appreciate that risk. As a result, each year on average observes increasing property damage, more lives being threatened and increased degradation of floodplain ecological functions. It can be argued that with regard to floodplain development governmental policies are not preventing it, indeed, they may be facilitating it. C1 [Loucks, Daniel P.; Stedinger, Jery R.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Davis, Darryl W.; Stakhiv, Eugene Z.] USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Davis, CA USA. RP Loucks, DP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM DPL3@cornell.edu NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0790-0627 J9 INT J WATER RESOUR D JI Int. J. Water Resour. Dev. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 541 EP 553 DI 10.1080/07900620801923286 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 332KF UT WOS:000258081200005 ER PT J AU Krakauer, T AF Krakauer, Teresa TI Nuclear Factor-kappa B: Fine-Tuning a Central Integrator of Diverse Biologic Stimuli SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Nuclear factor-kappa B; inflammation; therapeutics; signal pathways ID PHOSPHORYLATION; UBIQUITINATION; TRANSCRIPTION; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; SIGNAL; ALPHA AB The nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B family of proteins is a key regulator of inflammation, innate immunity, and cell survival and differentiation. Components of these pathways are potential targets of intervention for inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancer. However, therapeutic interventions that dampen the host response to infection and injury must also recognize the autoregulatory loops in the resolution phase of inflammation and infection. A more precise fine-tuning of these pathways leading to NF-kappa B activation will require dissecting temporally the different phases of activation and endogenous autoregulatory deactivation programs in diseases and redefining end-points after drug/inhibitor treatment to correlate changes in these stages. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol, Div Integrated Toxicol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Krakauer, T (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol, Div Integrated Toxicol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM Teresa.krakauer@amedd.army.mll FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX The work in this laboratory was sponsored by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The opinions, interpretations, as well as conclusions represent those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the Department of Defense. It is not possible in this synopsis to cite the many excellent reviews and original observations on this subject. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0883-0185 J9 INT REV IMMUNOL JI Int. Rev. Immunol. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1080/08830180802317957 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 359NL UT WOS:000259993800002 PM 18853340 ER PT S AU Turalska, M Latka, M Czosnyka, M Pierzchala, K West, BJ AF Turalska, Malgorzata Latka, Miroslaw Czosnyka, Marek Pierzchala, Krystyna West, Bruce J. BE Manley, G Hemphill, C Stiver, S TI Generation of very low frequency cerebral blood flow fluctuations in humans SO INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE AND BRAIN MONITORING XIII: MECHANISMS AND TREATMENT SE Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Intracranial Pressure and Brain Monitoring CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA DE Cerebral autoregulation; Brain injury; Vasomotion; Brain tissue oxygenation ID NEURAL-CONTROL; AUTOREGULATION; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS AB Background Slow oscillations of cerebral blood flow induced by synchronous variations of arterial blood pressure (ABP) are often used for clinical assessment of cerebral autoregulation. In the alternative scenario, spontaneous cerebral vasocycling may produce waves in cerebral blood now that are. to a large extent, independent of ABP fluctuations. We use wavelet analysis to test the latter hypothesis. Methods The wavelet variability V(f). defined as the time averaged moduli of frequency dependent wavelet coefficients, is employed to analyze the relation between dynamics of arterial blood pressure and that of cerebral blood flow velocity in middle cerebral artery (MCA). Findings In the very low frequency (VLF, 0.02-0.07 Hz) hand the variability in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with low intracranial pressure (V-ABP=0.36 +/- 0.28) is significantly smaller than that Of the Volunteers(V-ABP=0.70 +/- 0.25) with p=7x10(-5). Interestingly, the corresponding variabilities of MCA flow velocity for both cohorts are comparable. V-MCA=0.83 +/- 0.65 of the brain injury patients is not statistically different from that of the volunteers V-MCA=1.06 +/- 0.41 (p=0.11). Conclusions In TBI patients without cerebral hypertension, the VLF oscillations must have been spontaneously generated within intracranial Volume to compensate for the reduced ABP variability. Vasomotion is identified as a plausible physiological mechanism underlying Such oscillations. We argue that vasomotion may be beneficial for brain tissue oxygenation especially during periods of critically low perfusion. C1 [Latka, Miroslaw] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Biomed Engn, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. [Turalska, Malgorzata] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Czosnyka, Marek] Univ Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Cambridge CB2 1QQ, England. [Pierzchala, Krystyna] Silesian Med Univ, Dept Neurol, PL-41800 Zabrze, Poland. [West, Bruce J.] US Army, Res Off, Math & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Latka, M (reprint author), Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Biomed Engn, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. EM miroslaw.latka@pwr.wroc.pl FU Polish Ministry of Science and Information Society Technologies [3 T11E 023 29] FX Malgorzata Turalska, Miroslaw Latka, and Krystyna Pierzchala acknowledge the financial support of the Polish Ministry of Science and Information Society Technologies (Grant 3 T11E 023 29). Bruce J. West was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0065-1419 BN 978-3-211-85577-5 J9 ACTA NEUROCHIR SUPPL JI Acta Neurochir. Suppl. PY 2008 VL 102 BP 43 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-211-85578-2_9 PG 2 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BJA53 UT WOS:000264168500009 PM 19388286 ER PT B AU So, F Shi, JM AF So, Franky Shi, Jianmin BE Sun, SS Dalton, LR TI Organic Molecular Light-Emitting Materials and Devices SO INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC ELECTRONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE Optical Science and Engineering-CRC LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on molecular materials have been one of the most important organic optoelectronic devices. These devices have now been widely used for commercially mobile displays as well as for flat screen TVs. Because of the rapid progress made in device efficiency and lifetime, OLEDs are now even considered for solid state lighting applications to replace conventional incandescent light bulbs. In this chapter, we will first review the basic device physics, the operation principle, and different device architectures to achieve high efficiency and high brightness. We will then present a detail description of the materials used for OLED fabrication. Specifically, the requirements for electrode materials, carrier transport and injection materials, emitting hosts and dopants will be discussed in detail. C1 [So, Franky] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Shi, Jianmin] USA, Res Lab, Opt Elect & Sensor Div, Adelphi, MD USA. RP So, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-9284-9 J9 OPT SCI ENG-CRC PY 2008 VL 133 BP 351 EP 372 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied; Optics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Optics GA BJU92 UT WOS:000267224400012 ER PT S AU Doona, CJ Ross, EE Feeherry, FE AF Doona, C. J. Ross, E. E. Feeherry, F. E. BE Barreiro, P Hertog, MLATM Arranz, FJ Diezma, B Correa, EC TI Comparing the Quasi-chemical and Other Models for the High Pressure Processing Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes SO IV INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF MODELLING AS AN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRI-FOOD-CHAIN: MODEL-IT SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Applications of Modelling as an Innovative Technology in the Agri-Food-Chain - Model-IT CY DEC 31, 2008 CL Madrid, SPAIN DE quasi-chemical differential equation model; Weibull and Polylog models; high pressure; secondary model ID KINETICS; DEATH AB This paper presents the results of experiments designed to compare the ability of three different models in evaluating the inactivation kinetics of baro-resistant Listeria monocytogenes OSY-8578 using High Pressure Processing. Inoculated samples of whey protein were subjected to various high pressure treatments at temperature T = 40 degrees C to collect inactivation data that showed linear or non-linear kinetics ("shoulders" and "tailing"). The data were analyzed by three different kinetics models: (i) the Quasi-chemical model with four parameters, (ii) the two-parameter Weibull model, and (iii) the polynomial in the logarithm ("Polylog") model. Rather than delving into the detailed qualitative aspects of the inactivation kinetics, we focus our approach here exclusively on one important inactivation parameter, the processing time (tp), which is the time estimated to reduce the organism concentrations by a factor of 10(6) at the high pressure conditions tested. A secondary model relating tp and high pressure is also obtained. C1 [Doona, C. J.; Ross, E. E.; Feeherry, F. E.] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Doona, CJ (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-641-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2008 VL 802 BP 351 EP 357 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BAQ78 UT WOS:000305212500046 ER PT J AU Burkom, HS Elbert, Y Magruder, SF Najmi, AH Peter, W Thompson, MW AF Burkom, Howard S. Elbert, Yevgeniy Magruder, Steven F. Najmi, Amir H. Peter, William Thompson, Michael W. TI Developments in the Roles, Features, and Evaluation of Alerting Algorithms for Disease Outbreak Monitoring SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLICATIVE HOLT-WINTERS; MUTUAL INFORMATION; PREDICTION INTERVALS; BIOSURVEILLANCE AB Automated systems for public health surveillance have evolved over the past several years as national and local institutions have been learning the most effective ways to share and apply population health information for outbreak investigation and tracking. The changes have included developments in algorithmic alerting methodology. This article presents research efforts at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory for advancing this methodology. The analytic methods presented cover outcome variable selection, background estimation, determination of anomalies for alerting, and practical evaluation of detection performance. The methods and measures are adapted from information theory, signal processing, financial forecasting, and radar engineering for effective use in the biosurveillance data environment. Examples are restricted to univariate algorithms for daily time series of syndromic data, with discussion of future generalization and enhancement. C1 [Burkom, Howard S.; Thompson, Michael W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Acoust & Elect Grp STX, Natl Secur Technol Dept, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. [Peter, William] Los Alamos Natl Lab Nucl Phys & High Performance, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Elbert, Yevgeniy] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Burkom, HS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Acoust & Elect Grp STX, Natl Secur Technol Dept, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. EM howard.burkom@jhuapl.edu OI burkom, howard/0000-0003-0667-9467 FU CDC [1-R01-PH-24-1] FX This work was supported by Grant 1-R01-PH-24-1 from the CDC. The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: TECHNICAL DIGEST JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1W-131, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 EI 1930-0530 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 313 EP 331 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 556RL UT WOS:000274608800004 ER PT J AU Lande, RG Marin, BA Chang, AS Lande, GR AF Lande, R. Gregory Marin, Barbara A. Chang, Audrey S. Lande, Galen R. TI Survey of alcohol use in the US Army SO JOURNAL OF ADDICTIVE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE combat; alcohol; screening; education ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS; NEW-YORK-CITY; MENTAL-HEALTH; WOMEN; PTSD; DIAGNOSIS; PROFILES; VETERANS; ATTACKS AB The objective of this study was to collect data that would provide information about the frequency, attitudes, and consequences of alcohol use in the U.S. Army. A questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of alcohol consumption, attitudes related to the use of alcohol, and adverse consequences experienced with alcohol use. The survey was conducted at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C. Survey participants included both military employees working at Walter Reed Army Medical Center and military patients. No attempt was made to identify the medical status of the participants. The investigators distributed 1,200 questionnaires. Following distribution, the investigators received 1,010 completed questionnaires, resulting in an 84% return rate. Thirty-four percent of the survey participants (n = 335) were deployed to an area of combat operations. There was a significant difference in binge drinking between military personnel assigned to an area of combat operations and those not assigned to an area of combat operations (p = 0.023). Multiple regression results showed that age, marital status, and deployment status were correlated with four or more drinks at one time (p < 0.001). In other words, binge drinking is more likely to occur among military personnel who are younger, experiencing marital problems, and recently returned from an area of combat operations. Significant differences between the two groups also emerged in terms of other specific consequences associated with consumption. Deployment to an area of combat operations seems to influence consumption patterns, alcohol related attitudes, and behaviors. This could be a consequence of wartime experiences. This study should help guide the clinical screening of alcohol use disorders, which may complicate emotional recovery from traumatic experiences if undetected. C1 [Lande, R. Gregory; Marin, Barbara A.; Chang, Audrey S.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Substance Abuse Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lande, RG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Substance Abuse Program, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM rglande@pol.net NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 3 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1055-0887 J9 J ADDICT DIS JI J. Addict. Dis. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1080/10550880802122711 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 331JJ UT WOS:000258008200012 PM 18956533 ER PT J AU Champagne, V Helfritch, D AF Champagne, Victor Helfritch, Dennis TI Electromagnetic interference shielding by the cold spray particle deposition of an aluminium - Alumina matrix SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The shielding effectiveness required for military communications/control enclosures is typically 60dB. The walls of many of these enclosures are of aluminum panels, joined to other aluminum panels by means of adhesives. The seams at these panel joints are a major source of EM leakage. These seams cannot be sealed through bridging by solder or braze because the required application temperature would degrade the epoxy adhesive. This work shows how a new, low-temperature, metal deposition method, known as cold spray, can be used to quickly produce conductive metal coatings that strongly adhere to the aluminum. C1 [Champagne, Victor; Helfritch, Dennis] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Helfritch, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM dhelfritch@arl.army.mil NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER-COVINA JI J. Adv. Mater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 245FA UT WOS:000251919300005 ER PT J AU Shen, Q Al-Smadi, YM Russell, K Sodhi, RS AF Shen, Qiong Al-Smadi, Yahia M. Russell, Kevin Sodhi, Raj S. TI On Planar Five-bar Motion Generation with a Driver Torque Constraint SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MECHANICAL DESIGN SYSTEMS AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Motion Generation; Planar Five-Bar; Rigid-Body; Static Torque ID VARIABLE TOPOLOGY; MECHANISMS AB In motion generation, the objective is to calculate the mechanism parameters required to achieve or approximate a set of prescribed rigid-body positions. This work introduces a new design constraint that considers driving link static torque for a given rigid-body load. By incorporating this new constraint into a conventional planar five-bar motion generation model, planar five-bar mechanisms are synthesized to not only achieve prescribed rigid-body positions, but also satisfy maximum driver torque for a given rigid-body load. C1 [Shen, Qiong; Sodhi, Raj S.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Al-Smadi, Yahia M.] Parsons Transportat Grp, New York, NY 10005 USA. [Russell, Kevin] USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Armaments Engn & Technol Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Shen, Q (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM kevin.russell1@us.army.mil RI Shen, Qiong/N-4015-2013 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI TOKYO PA SHINANOMACHI-RENGAKAN BLDG., SHINANOMACHI 35, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 160-0016, JAPAN SN 1881-3054 J9 J ADV MECH DES SYST JI J. Adv. Mech. Des. Syst. Manuf. PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 408 EP 416 DI 10.1299/jamdsm.2.408 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 505CO UT WOS:000270666100013 ER PT J AU Shen, Q Russell, K Lee, WT Sodhi, RS AF Shen, Qiong Russell, Kevin Lee, Wen-Tzong Sodhi, Raj S. TI On Mechanical Finger Design for Expanded Prescribed Grasping Poses SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MECHANICAL DESIGN SYSTEMS AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Motion Generation; Planar Six-Bar Mechanism; Mechanical Finger ID LINKAGES AB This work formulates and demonstrates a motion generation method for the synthesis of a multi-loop planar six-bar mechanism comparable to the Belgrade/USC robotic hand (13)(14). The method presented in this work can accommodate numbers of prescribed rigid-body poses beyond the maximum number of poses allowable using conventional planar six-bar mechanism synthesis models (10). The example included demonstrates the design of a mechanical hand to achieve twice the maximum number of displacements allowable with conventional synthesis models. C1 [Shen, Qiong; Sodhi, Raj S.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Russell, Kevin] USA, Armaments Engn & Technol Ctr, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [Lee, Wen-Tzong] Leader Univ, Dept Informat Management, Tainan 70970, Taiwan. RP Shen, Q (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM kevin.russell1@us.army.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI TOKYO PA SHINANOMACHI-RENGAKAN BLDG., SHINANOMACHI 35, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 160-0016, JAPAN SN 1881-3054 J9 J ADV MECH DES SYST JI J. Adv. Mech. Des. Syst. Manuf. PY 2008 VL 2 IS 5 BP 903 EP 914 DI 10.1299/jamdsm.2.903 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 505CR UT WOS:000270666400008 ER PT J AU Al-Smadi, YM Russell, K Sodhi, RS AF Al-Smadi, Yahia M. Russell, Kevin Sodhi, Raj S. TI Planar Four-Bar Path Generation with Static Structural Conditions SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MECHANICAL DESIGN SYSTEMS AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Four-Bar Path Generation; Static Torque; Rigid-Body Load; Elastic Deflection; Buckling ID RIGID-BODY MOTION; MECHANISMS; LINKAGES AB A planar four-bar path generation model that also includes mechanism static structural conditions is formulated and demonstrated in this work. Using this model, planar four-bar path generators are also synthesized with respect to static torque, deflection constraints and buckling constraints for a given rigid-body load. C1 [Al-Smadi, Yahia M.] Parsons Transportat Grp, New York, NY 10005 USA. [Russell, Kevin] USA, Armaments Engn & Technol Ctr, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [Sodhi, Raj S.] Univ Hts, New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Al-Smadi, YM (reprint author), Parsons Transportat Grp, New York, NY 10005 USA. EM kevin.russell1@us.army.mil NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI TOKYO PA SHINANOMACHI-RENGAKAN BLDG., SHINANOMACHI 35, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 160-0016, JAPAN SN 1881-3054 J9 J ADV MECH DES SYST JI J. Adv. Mech. Des. Syst. Manuf. PY 2008 VL 2 IS 5 BP 926 EP 936 DI 10.1299/jamdsm.2.926 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 505CR UT WOS:000270666400010 ER PT J AU Gottfried, JL De Lucia, FC Munson, CA Miziolek, AW AF Gottfried, Jennifer L. De Lucia, Frank C., Jr. Munson, Chase A. Miziolek, Andrzej W. TI Strategies for residue explosives detection using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID LIBS; DISCRIMINATION; SENSOR AB The ability to detect trace amounts of explosives and their residues in real time is of vital interest to Homeland Security and the military. Previous work at the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) demonstrated the potential of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the detection of energetic materials. Our recent efforts have been focused on improving the sensitivity and selectivity of LIBS for residue explosives detection and on extending this work to the standoff detection of explosive residues. One difficulty with detecting energetic materials is that the contribution to the oxygen and nitrogen signals from air can impede the identification of the explosive material. Techniques for reducing the air entrainment into the plasma -such as using an argon buffer. er gas or a collinear double-pulse configuration -have been investigated for this application. In addition to the laboratory studies, ARL's new double-pulse standoff system (ST-LIBS) has recently been used to detect explosive residues at 20 m. The efficacy of chemometric techniques such as linear correlation, principal components analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for the identification. cation of explosive residues is also discussed. We have shown that despite the typical characterization of LIBS as an elemental technique, the relative elemental intensities in the LIBS spectra are representative of the stoichiometry of the parent molecules and can be used to discriminate materials containing the same elements. Simultaneous biohazard and explosive residue discrimination at standoff distances has also been demonstrated. C1 [Gottfried, Jennifer L.; De Lucia, Frank C., Jr.; Munson, Chase A.; Miziolek, Andrzej W.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gottfried, JL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jennifer.gottfried@arl.army.mil RI Gottfried, Jennifer/G-6333-2010; De Lucia, Frank/D-5630-2012; Munson, Chase/H-1667-2012 NR 20 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 10 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1039/b703891g PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 256VL UT WOS:000252757900005 ER PT J AU Barr, JR Pierce, CL Smith, JR Capacio, BR Woolfitt, AR Solano, MI Wooten, JV Lemire, SW Thomas, JD Ash, DH Ashley, DL AF Barr, John R. Pierce, Carrie L. Smith, J. Richard Capacio, Benedict R. Woolfitt, Adrian R. Solano, Maria I. Wooten, Joe V. Lemire, Sharon W. Thomas, Jerry D. Ash, Doris H. Ashley, David L. TI Analysis of urinary metabolites of sulfur mustard in two individuals after accidental exposure SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-LYASE METABOLITES; BIOLOGICAL FATE; QUANTITATION; THIODIGLYCOL; 1,1'-THIOBIS(2-CHLOROETHANE); POPULATION; EXCRETION; RATS C1 [Barr, John R.; Pierce, Carrie L.; Woolfitt, Adrian R.; Solano, Maria I.; Wooten, Joe V.; Lemire, Sharon W.; Thomas, Jerry D.; Ash, Doris H.; Ashley, David L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Biol Mass Spectrometry Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Smith, J. Richard; Capacio, Benedict R.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Biol Mass Spectrometry Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JBarr@CDC.Gov NR 18 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900003 PM 18269787 ER PT J AU Smith, JR Capacio, BR Korte, WD Woolfitt, AR Barr, JR AF Smith, J. Richard Capacio, Benedict R. Korte, William D. Woolfitt, Adrian R. Barr, John R. TI Analysis for plasma protein biomarkers following an accidental human exposure to sulfur mustard SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; MODIFIED EDMAN DEGRADATION; HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; BIOLOGICAL FATE; IN-VITRO; HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN; HUMAN BLOOD; ADDUCTS; THIODIGLYCOL; GAS C1 [Smith, J. Richard; Capacio, Benedict R.; Korte, William D.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Woolfitt, Adrian R.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM john.richard.smith@us.army.mil NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900004 PM 18269788 ER PT J AU Lawrence, RJ Smith, JR Boyd, BL Capacio, BR AF Lawrence, Richard J. Smith, J. Richard Boyd, Brian L. Capacio, Benedict R. TI Improvements in the methodology of monitoring sulfur mustard exposure by gas chromatcography-mass spectrometry analysis of cleaved and derivatized blood protein adducts SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE; MODIFIED EDMAN DEGRADATION; THIODIGLYCOL; HEMOGLOBIN; VALINE; ASSAY; SKIN C1 [Lawrence, Richard J.; Smith, J. Richard; Capacio, Benedict R.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Boyd, Brian L.] Battelle Mem Inst, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Lawrence, RJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900006 PM 18269790 ER PT J AU Capacio, BR Smith, JR Lawrence, RJ Boyd, BL Witriol, AM Conti, ML Collins, JL Sciuto, AM AF Capacio, Benedict R. Smith, J. Richard Lawrence, Richard J. Boyd, Brian L. Witriol, Alicia M. Conti, Michele L. Collins, Jennifer L. Sciuto, Alfred M. TI Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of sulfur mustard-plasma protein adducts: Validation and use in a rat inhalation model SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED EDMAN DEGRADATION; IN-VITRO; EXPOSURE; THIODIGLYCOL; HEMOGLOBIN; BLOOD; ALBUMIN; VALINE; VIVO; DNA C1 [Capacio, Benedict R.; Smith, J. Richard; Lawrence, Richard J.; Boyd, Brian L.; Witriol, Alicia M.; Conti, Michele L.; Collins, Jennifer L.; Sciuto, Alfred M.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Capacio, BR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM benedict.capacio@us.army.mil NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900007 PM 18269791 ER PT J AU Byers, CE McGuire, JM Hulet, SW Burnett, DC Gaviola, BI Jakubowski, EM Thomson, SA AF Byers, C. E. McGuire, J. M. Hulet, S. W. Burnett, D. C. Gaviola, B. I. Jakubowski, E. M. Thomson, S. A. TI Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of red blood cells from Gottingen minipig (R) following whole-body vapor exposure to VX SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARIN; RATS; DURATION C1 [Byers, C. E.; McGuire, J. M.; Hulet, S. W.; Burnett, D. C.; Gaviola, B. I.; Jakubowski, E. M.; Thomson, S. A.] USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT TN, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Byers, CE (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT TN, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM christopher.everette.byers@us.army.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900010 PM 18269794 ER PT J AU McGuire, JM Byers, CE Hulet, SW Jakubowski, EM Thomson, SA AF McGuire, Jeffrey M. Byers, Christopher E. Hulet, Stanley W. Jakubowski, Edward M. Thomson, Sandra A. TI A rapid and sensitive technique for assessing exposure to VX via GC-MS-MS analysis SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SARIN; METABOLITES; VICTIMS; URINE C1 [McGuire, Jeffrey M.; Byers, Christopher E.; Hulet, Stanley W.; Jakubowski, Edward M.; Thomson, Sandra A.] USA, Edgewood CB Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP McGuire, JM (reprint author), USA, Edgewood CB Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT TN E3150,5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM jeffrey.mcguirel@us.army.mil NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900011 PM 18269795 ER PT J AU Solano, MI Thomas, JD Taylor, JT McGuire, JM Jakubowski, EM Thomson, SA Maggio, VL Holland, KE Smiti, JR Capacio, B Woolfitt, AR Ashley, DL Barr, JR AF Solano, Maria I. Thomas, Jerry D. Taylor, James T. McGuire, Jeffrey M. Jakubowski, Edward M. Thomson, Sandra A. Maggio, Vincent L. Holland, Kerry E. Smiti, J. Richard Capacio, Benedict Woolfitt, Adrian R. Ashley, David L. Barr, John R. TI Quantification of nerve agent VX-butyrylcholinesterase adduct biomarker from an accidental exposure SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RETROSPECTIVE DETECTION; SARIN; METABOLITES C1 [Solano, Maria I.; Thomas, Jerry D.; Maggio, Vincent L.; Holland, Kerry E.; Woolfitt, Adrian R.; Ashley, David L.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Taylor, James T.; McGuire, Jeffrey M.; Jakubowski, Edward M.; Thomson, Sandra A.] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Smiti, J. Richard; Capacio, Benedict] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JBarr@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900012 PM 18269796 ER PT J AU McGuire, JM Taylor, JT Byers, CE Jakubowski, EA Thomson, SA AF McGuire, Jeffrey M. Taylor, James T. Byers, Christopher E. Jakubowski, Edward A. Thomson, Sandra A. TI Determination of VX-G analogue in red blood cells via gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry following an accidental exposure to VX SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUORIDE-ION; SARIN; REACTIVATION C1 [McGuire, Jeffrey M.; Taylor, James T.; Byers, Christopher E.; Jakubowski, Edward A.; Thomson, Sandra A.] USA, Edgewood CB Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP McGuire, JM (reprint author), USA, Edgewood CB Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT TN E3150,5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Jeffrey.mcguire1@us.army.mil NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 73 EP 77 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900013 PM 18269797 ER PT J AU Evans, RA Jakubowski, EM Muse, WT Matson, K Hulet, SW Mioduszewski, RJ Thomson, SA Totura, AL Renner, JA Crouse, CL AF Evans, R. A. Jakubowski, E. M. Muse, W. T. Matson, K. Hulet, S. W. Mioduszewski, R. J. Thomson, S. A. Totura, A. L. Renner, J. A. Crouse, C. L. TI Quantification of sarin and cyclosarin metabolites isopropyl methylphosphonic acid and cyclohexyl methylphosphonic acid in minipig plasma using isotope-dilution and liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NERVE AGENT METABOLITES; HUMAN URINE; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; TOKYO SUBWAY; SOMAN; ELECTROSPRAY; EXPOSURE; QUANTITATION C1 [Evans, R. A.; Jakubowski, E. M.; Muse, W. T.; Matson, K.; Hulet, S. W.; Mioduszewski, R. J.; Thomson, S. A.] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, R&T Directorate, AMSRD ECB RT TN, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Totura, A. L.; Renner, J. A.; Crouse, C. L.] SAIC, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Evans, RA (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, R&T Directorate, AMSRD ECB RT TN, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM ronald.a.evans@us.army.mil NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 78 EP 85 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900014 PM 18269798 ER PT J AU Yeung, DT Smith, JR Sweeney, RE Lenz, DE Cerasoli, DM AF Yeung, David T. Smith, J. Richard Sweeney, Richard E. Lenz, David E. Cerasoli, Douglas M. TI A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric approach to examining stereoselective interaction of human serum proteins with soman SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 4 STEREOISOMERS; HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; CATALYTIC SCAVENGERS; HUMAN PARAOXONASE; CHEMICAL WARFARE; ACUTE TOXICITY; TOKYO SUBWAY; IN-VITRO; PROTECTION; SARIN C1 [Yeung, David T.; Lenz, David E.; Cerasoli, Douglas M.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Physiol & Immunol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Yeung, David T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Smith, J. Richard] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, Med Diagnost & Chem Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Sweeney, Richard E.] RESECO Res Engn Consultants, Nottingham, PA 19362 USA. RP Cerasoli, DM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Physiol & Immunol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM douglas.cerasoli@us.army.mil FU NINDS NIH HHS [U54 NS058183] NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 86 EP 91 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900015 PM 18269799 ER PT J AU Renner, JA Dabisch, PA Evans, RA McGuire, JM Totura, AL Jakubowski, EM Thomson, SA AF Renner, Julie A. Dabisch, Paul A. Evans, Ronald A. McGuire, Jeffrey M. Totura, Allison L. Jakubowski, Edward M. Thomson, Sandra A. TI Validation and application of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determining Soman concentration in rat plasma following low-level vapor exposure SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NERVE AGENT EXPOSURE; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; SARIN; SAMPLES; METABOLITES; RESIDUES; URINE; GF C1 [Renner, Julie A.; Totura, Allison L.] SAIC, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Dabisch, Paul A.; Evans, Ronald A.; McGuire, Jeffrey M.; Jakubowski, Edward M.; Thomson, Sandra A.] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Renner, JA (reprint author), SAIC, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68 APG, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM julie.a.renner@us.army.mil NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900016 PM 18269800 ER PT J AU Kesavan, J Bottiger, JR McFarland, AR AF Kesavan, J. Bottiger, J. R. McFarland, A. R. TI Bioaerosol concentrator performance: comparative tests with viable and with solid and liquid nonviable particles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminium oxide aerosols; bioaerosol concentrators; inert particles; oleic acid particles; polystyrene spheres; viable particles ID INHALABLE AEROSOL SAMPLERS; CALM AIR; MICROORGANISMS; PENETRATION; COLLECTION AB Aims: Generally it is more economical to first characterize a concentrator system with nonbiological particles followed by more rigorous bioaerosol testing. This study compares sampling system performance for varions particle types and sizes. Methods and Results: Performances of five concentrators were characterized with five nonviable and viable laboratory aerosols, although not every concentrator was tested with all aerosol types. For particle sizes less than c. 6 mu m aerodynamic diameter, similar efficiencies are obtained for all test particles; however, for larger sizes there is a significant difference between liquid and dry particles. Conclusions: Aluminium oxide particles provide results over a broad range of sizes with a single test, but the method is less reproducible than other methods. A combination of monodisperse polystyrene spheres and oleic acid droplets provides an accurate representation of the system performance, but ultimately biological particle tests are needed. Significance and Impact of the Study: Devices are being developed for concentrating bioaerosol particles in the size range of 1-10 mu m aerodynamic diameter and this study provides insight into data quality for different test methodologies. Also, the results show some current concentrators perform quite poorly. C1 [Kesavan, J.; Bottiger, J. R.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, US ARMY ECBC RT TA E5951, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [McFarland, A. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Aerosol Technol Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kesavan, J (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, US ARMY ECBC RT TA E5951, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM jana.kesavan@us.army.mil NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 BP 285 EP 295 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 241QJ UT WOS:000251670600030 PM 17922825 ER PT J AU Smith, CB Fischer, RL Anderson, JE AF Smith, Clint B. Fischer, Robert L. Anderson, John E. TI Detection of selected solar-stimulated fluorophores with a Fraunhofer line radiometer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; fluorescence spectroscopy; interferometer; fluorescence ID LUMINESCENCE; FLUORESCENCE AB In this paper we report the use of Fraunhofer Line Radiometry and the Fraunhofer Line Depth (FLD) method to measure the passive fluorescence of select, high quantum yield (> 0.7) fluorophores. The measurements we describe involved direct solar illumination of both a non-fluorescent standard material (NIST, Spectralon), and the fluorescent target materials (in solution) within several relevant Fraunhofer lines: 486 nm (H-beta), 518 nm (Mg), 589 nm (Na), and 656 nm (H-alpha). Of the selected labels, Rhodamine B demonstrated the highest fluorescence coefficient of 2.2, at 589 nm, and possessed a fluorescence intensity of 1.1 x 10(6) cps at an optical density of 1.0. These results show fluorescent labels can be selectively measured and observed passively in relevant Fraunhofer lines. The implications for such findings indicate the potential daytime measurement of environmental labels and probes as a promising sensing technology. C1 [Smith, Clint B.; Fischer, Robert L.; Anderson, John E.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Smith, CB (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA USA. EM clint.b.smith@erdc.usace.army.mil FU U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Topographic Engineering Center ILIR Basic Research Program FX We wish to acknowledge the support of the project through the U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Topographic Engineering Center ILIR Basic Research Program. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023504 DI 10.1117/1.2884783 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200010 ER PT J AU Cuda, JP Charudattan, R Grodowitz, MJ Newman, RM Shearer, JF Tamayo, ML Villegas, B AF Cuda, J. P. Charudattan, R. Grodowitz, M. J. Newman, R. M. Shearer, J. F. Tamayo, M. L. Villegas, B. TI Recent advances in biological control of submersed aquatic weeds SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Brazilian egeria; hydrilla; Eurasian watermilfoil; limiting factors; natural enemies ID HYDRELLIA-PAKISTANAE DIPTERA; HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA HYDROCHARITACEAE; WEEVIL EUHRYCHIOPSIS-LECONTEI; TRIPLOID GRASS CARP; WATERMILFOIL MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM; POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL AGENT; CRICOTOPUS-LEBETIS DIPTERA; FRESH-WATER MACROPHYTES; EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; MILFOIL WEEVIL AB The submersed aquatic plants hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata [L.f.] Royle), Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.),and Brazilian egeria (Egeria densa L.) are three of the worst invasive aquatic weed problems in the U.S., with millions of dollars spent annually to control large infestations in all types of waterbodies. Historically, various control technologies have been used to manage infestations of these submersed species, including biological control. During the past five years, there has been renewed interest in biological control of submersed aquatic weeds nationally, primarily in response to the discovery in Florida of several hydrilla biotypes that have developed resistance to the herbicide fluridone. This paper summarizes the current status of biological control activities in North America during the past 10-15 years. It includes a preferred definition of biological control and describes the different approaches currently used by practitioners in the field. It also covers the types of natural enemies commonly used as biological control agents and the various abiotic, biotic, and technical factors that have contributed to project successes and failures. Finally, priority areas are identified where more resources are needed for research and outreach programs to increase the effectiveness and acceptance of biological control technology for managing submersed aquatic weeds in the future. C1 [Cuda, J. P.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Charudattan, R.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Grodowitz, M. J.; Shearer, J. F.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEEED EE A, Vicksburg, MS 39280 USA. [Newman, R. M.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Tamayo, M. L.] Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Villegas, B.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Biol Control Program, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. RP Cuda, JP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Entomol & Nematol, POB 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jcuda@ufl.edu RI Tamayo, Mariana/L-8900-2015 OI Tamayo, Mariana/0000-0003-3966-4042 NR 225 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 62 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 BP 15 EP 32 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 301UE UT WOS:000255920300003 ER PT J AU Getsinger, KD Netherland, MD Grue, CE Koschnick, TJ AF Getsinger, Kurt D. Netherland, M. D. Grue, C. E. Koschnick, T. J. TI Improvements in the use of aquatic herbicides and establishment of future research directions SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE chemical control; invasive aquatic weed; submersed aquatic vegetation ID LAKE FLURIDONE TREATMENTS; RHODAMINE WT DYE; EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; BENSULFURON METHYL; CONCURRENT APPLICATION; MESOCOSM EVALUATION; NATIVE VEGETATION; SELECTIVE CONTROL; PLANT COMMUNITY; EXPOSURE TIME AB Peer-reviewed literature over the past 20 years identifies significant changes and improvements in chemical control strategies used to manage nuisance submersed vegetation. The invasive exotic plants hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata L.f. Royle) and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) continue to spread and remain the plant species of greatest concern for aquatic resource managers at the national scale. Emerging exotic weeds of regional concern such as egeria (Egeria densa Planch.), curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus L.), and hygrophila (Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T Anders), as well as native plants such as variable watermilfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx), and cabomba (Cabomba caroliniana Gray) are invasive outside their home ranges. In addition, there is always the threat of new plant introductions such as African elodea (Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss) or narrow-leaf anacharis (Egeria najas Planchon). The registration of the bleaching herbicide fluridone in the mid 1980s for whole-lake and large-scale management stimulated numerous lines of research involving reduction of use rates, plant selectivity, residue monitoring, and impacts on fisheries. In addition to numerous advances, the specificity of fluridone for a single plant enzyme led to the first documented case of herbicide resistance in aquatic plant management. The resistance of hydrilla to fluridone has stimulated a renewed interest by industry and others in the registration of alternative modes of action for aquatic use. These newer chemistries tend to be enzyme-specific compounds with favorable non-target toxicity profiles. Registration efforts have been facilitated by increased cooperation between key federal government agencies that have aquatic weed control and research responsibilities, and regulators within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). We reviewed past and current research efforts to identify areas in need of further investigation and to establish priorities for future research directions in chemical management of submersed plants. The priorities we identified include: (A) improving methods for evaluating non-target impacts of herbicides with an emphasis on threatened and endangered species, or species of special concern; (B) improving herbicide performance in flowing-water environments, including irrigation canals; (C) screening and developing new herbicides to supplement fluridone for large-scale or whole-lake management approaches; (D) screening and developing new organic algaecides to supplement the use of copper-based compounds; (E) developing risk assessment tools to educate the public on the risks of invasive species and chemical management options; (F) increasing cooperative research with ecologists and fisheries scientists to evaluate the long-term impacts of invasive species introductions and herbicide programs on native plant assemblages, water quality, and fish populations; and (G) improving the integration of chemical control technology with other aquatic plant management disciplines. While circumstances may dictate setting new priorities or dropping current ones, the list we have generated represents our vision of the needs that will require the greatest focus over the next several years. C1 [Getsinger, Kurt D.] USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Netherland, M. D.] Univ Florida, Environm Lab, USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr,Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Grue, C. E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Koschnick, T. J.] SePRO Corp, Carmel, IN 46032 USA. RP Getsinger, KD (reprint author), USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Kurt.D.Getsinger@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 41 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 BP 32 EP 41 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 301UE UT WOS:000255920300004 ER PT J AU Owens, CS Smarts, RM Dick, GO AF Owens, Chetta S. Smarts, R. M. Dick, G. O. TI Resistance of Vallisneria to invasion from hydrilla fragments SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE empty niche; Hydyilla verticillata; preemption; spread; wild celery ID DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA AB Weighted hydrilla fragments were introduced to containers of wild celery (Vallisneria americana Michx.) grown at four water depths (18, 46, 91, 122 cm) in a research pond at the Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility, Lewisville, Texas. Established wild celery effectively reduced invasion by hydrilla fragments, while hydrilla fragments readily established in control containers filled with sediment alone. Hydrilla biomass harvested from controls, representing the "empty niche," was significantly greater (40 times) than hydrilla biomass harvested from containers planted with wild celery for all water depth treatments. This study addresses the concept that preemptive establishment of wild celery can slow or prevent invasion from hydrilla fragments at different water treatment depths. C1 [Owens, Chetta S.; Smarts, R. M.; Dick, G. O.] USA, Corps Engineers, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75057 USA. RP Owens, CS (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, 201 E Jones St, Lewisville, TX 75057 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 301UE UT WOS:000255920300016 ER PT J AU Owens, CS Smart, RM Dicks, GO AF Owens, Chetta S. Smart, R. M. Dicks, G. O. TI Effects of water level fluctuation on Vallisneria americana Michx growth SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MACROPHYTES C1 [Owens, Chetta S.; Smart, R. M.; Dicks, G. O.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. RP Owens, CS (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, 201 Jones St, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 BP 117 EP 119 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 301UE UT WOS:000255920300017 ER PT J AU Glomski, LM Netherland, MD AF Glomski, Leeann M. Netherland, Michael D. TI Effect of water temperature on 2,4-D ester and carfentrazone-ethyl applications for control of variable-leaf milfoil SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CURLYLEAF PONDWEED; DIQUAT; ENDOTHALL; EFFICACY C1 [Glomski, Leeann M.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Lewisville, TX 75057 USA. [Netherland, Michael D.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Glomski, LM (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 201 E Jones St, Lewisville, TX 75057 USA. EM LeeAnn.M.Glomski@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 BP 119 EP 121 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 301UE UT WOS:000255920300018 ER PT J AU Courtney, M Courtney, A AF Courtney, Michael Courtney, Amy TI Apparent measurement errors in "Development of biomechanical response corridors of the thorax to blunt ballistic impacts" SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Letter C1 [Courtney, Michael] Ballist Testing Grp, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Courtney, Amy] US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Courtney, M (reprint author), Ballist Testing Grp, PO Box 24, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Michael_Courtney@alum.mit.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 2 BP 486 EP 486 DI 10.1016/S0021-9290(03)00238-0 PG 1 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 263LY UT WOS:000253219800032 PM 17964579 ER PT J AU Batchinsky, AI Wolf, SE Molter, N Kuusela, T Jones, JA Moraru, C Boehme, M Williams, K Bielke, P Wade, C Holcomb, JB Cancio, LC AF Batchinsky, Andriy I. Wolf, Steven E. Molter, Nancy Kuusela, Tom Jones, John A. Moraru, Corina Boehme, Marla Williams, Kari Bielke, Peggy Wade, Charles Holcomb, John B. Cancio, Leopoldo C. TI Assessment of cardiovascular regulation after burns by nonlinear analysis of the electrocardiogram SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the American-Burn-Association CY MAR 20-23, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Burn Assoc ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RATE DYNAMICS; COMPLEX DEMODULATION; ARTERIAL-PRESSURE; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; CONSCIOUS DOGS; RATE RESPONSE; MORTALITY; PHYSIOLOGY AB Critical illness and hypovolemia are associated with loss of complexity of the R-to-R interval (RRI) of the electrocardiogram, whereas recovery is characterized by restoration thereof. Our goal was to investigate the dynamics of RRI complexity in burn patients. We hypothesized that the postburn period is associated with a state of low RRI complexity, and that successful resuscitation restores it. Electrocardiogram was acquired from 13 patients (age 55 +/- 5 years, total body surface area burned 36 +/- 6%, 11 +/- 5% full thickness) at 8, 12, 24, and 36 hours during postburn resuscitation. RRI complexity was quantified by approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) that measure RRI signal irregularity, as well as by symbol distribution entropy and bit-per-word entropy that assess symbol sequences within the RRI signal. Data (in arbitrary units) are means +/- SEM. All patients survived resuscitation. Changes in heart rate and blood pressure were not significant. ApEn at 8 hours was abnormally low at 0.89 +/- 0.06. ApEn progressively increased after burn to 1.22 +/- 0.04 at 36 hours. SampEn showed similar significant changes. Symbol distribution entropy and bit-per-word entropy increased with resuscitation from 3.63 +/- 0.22 and 0.61 +/- 0.04 respectively at 8 hours postburn to 4.25 +/- 0.11 and 0.71 +/- 0.02 at 24 hours postburn. RRI complexity was abnormally low during the early postburn period, possibly reflecting physiologic deterioration. Resuscitation was associated with a progressive improvement in complexity as measured by ApEn and SampEn and complementary changes in other measures. Assessment of complexity may provide new insight into the cardiovascular response to burns. C1 [Batchinsky, Andriy I.; Wolf, Steven E.; Molter, Nancy; Jones, John A.; Moraru, Corina; Boehme, Marla; Williams, Kari; Bielke, Peggy; Wade, Charles; Holcomb, John B.; Cancio, Leopoldo C.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Kuusela, Tom] Univ Turku, Dept Phys, Turku, Finland. RP Batchinsky, AI (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RI Necsoiu, Corina/A-6255-2013; OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0003-2972-3440 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1097/BCR.0b013e31815f5a8b PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 252OE UT WOS:000252455000008 PM 18182898 ER PT J AU Cancio, LC AF Cancio, Leopoldo C. TI Invited critique: Bridging the gap between disaster plan and execution SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Cancio, LC (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 166 EP 167 DI 10.1097/BCR.0b013e31815f2ba0 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 252OE UT WOS:000252455000026 PM 18182916 ER PT J AU Pham, TN Cancio, LC Gibran, NS AF Pham, Tam N. Cancio, Leopoldo C. Gibran, Nicole S. TI American burn association practice guidelines burn shock resuscitation SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; THERMALLY INJURED PATIENTS; LACTATED SALINE SOLUTION; FLUID RESUSCITATION; COLLOID RESUSCITATION; HYPERTONIC SALINE; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; SOLUTION THERAPY; RINGERS SOLUTION; BLOOD-VOLUME C1 [Pham, Tam N.; Gibran, Nicole S.] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Burn Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Cancio, Leopoldo C.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Pham, TN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Burn Ctr, 325 9th Ave,Box 359796, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NR 88 TC 97 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1097/BCR.0b013e31815f3876 PG 10 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 252OE UT WOS:000252455000040 PM 18182930 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, N DeShazer, D Peacock, SJ Wuthiekanun, V England, MJ Norris, SL Waag, DM AF Parthasarathy, Narayanan DeShazer, David Peacock, Sharon J. Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn England, Marilyn J. Norris, Sarah L. Waag, David M. TI Application of polysaccharide microarray technology for the serodiagnosis of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection (melioidosis) in humans SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polysaccharide microarray; Burkholderia pseudomallei; serodiagnosis; melioidosis ID OLIGOSACCHARIDE MICROARRAYS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; GLYCOMICS; ARRAYS AB Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a bacterial infection endemic in tropical regions including southeast Asia and northern Australia. B. pseudomallei contains structurally unique polysaccharides (capsular polysaccharide and O-antigen saccharides of lipopolysaccharide). A polysaccharide microarray platform was developed by immobilizing these polysaccharides onto glass slides. Employing this microarray, we were able to demonstrate the presence of antibodies to these polysaccharide antigens in the sera of melioidosis patients, but not in serum from nonmelioidosis human subjects. The advantages of this polysaccharide microarray technology over the conventional tests for the serodiagnosis of melioidosis are discussed. C1 [Parthasarathy, Narayanan; DeShazer, David; England, Marilyn J.; Waag, David M.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD USA. [Peacock, Sharon J.; Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn] Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Mahidol Oxford Trop Med Res Unit, Bangkok, Thailand. [Norris, Sarah L.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Biostat Serv, Frederick, MD USA. RP Parthasarathy, N (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD USA. EM narayanan.parthasarathy@us.army.mil NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0732-8303 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.1080/07328300802030761 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 298LD UT WOS:000255688300003 ER PT J AU Winter, WE Maxwell, GL Tian, CQ Sundborg, MJ Rose, GS Rose, PG Rubin, SC Muggia, F McGuire, WP AF Winter, William E., III Maxwell, G. Larry Tian, Chunqiao Sundborg, Michael J. Rose, G. Scott Rose, Peter G. Rubin, Stephen C. Muggia, Franco McGuire, William P. TI Tumor residual after surgical cytoreduction in prediction of clinical outcome in stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer: A gynecologic oncology group study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; CARCINOMA; SURVIVAL; PACLITAXEL; CISPLATIN; SURGERY; DEBULKING; IMPACT AB Purpose To identify factors predictive of poor prognosis in a similarly treated population of women with stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Patients and Methods A retrospective review of 360 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IV EOC who underwent primary surgery followed by six cycles of intravenous platinum/paclitaxel was performed. A proportional hazards model was used to assess the association of potential prognostic factors with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results The median PFS and OS for this group of stage IV ovarian cancer patients was 12 and 29 months, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that histology, malignant pleural effusion, intraparenchymal liver metastasis, and residual tumor size were significant prognostic variables. Whereas patients with microscopic residual disease had the best outcome, patients with 0.1 to 1.0 cm residual disease and patients with 1.1 to 5.0 cm residual disease had similar PFS and OS. Patients with a residual size more than 5 cm had a diminished PFS and OS when compared with all other groups. Median OS for microscopic, 0.1 to 5.0 cm, and more than 5.0 cm residual disease was 64, 30, and 19 months, respectively. Conclusion Patients with more than 5 cm residual disease have the shortest PFS and OS, whereas patients with 0.1 to 1.0 and 1.1 to 5.0 cm have similar outcome. These findings suggest that ultraradical cytoreductive procedures might be targeted for selected patients in whom microscopic residual disease is achievable. Patients with less than 5.0 cm of disease initially and significant disease and/or comorbidities precluding microscopic cytoreduction may be considered for alternative therapeutic options other than primary cytoreduction. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX USA. [Maxwell, G. Larry] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Gynecol Oncol Grp, Stat & Data Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. NYU, Med Ctr, Div Med Oncol, New York, NY 10016 USA. Metrohlth Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Cleveland, OH USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Canc, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Franklin Sq Hosp Ctr, Harry & Jeanette Weinberg Canc Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Maxwell, GL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rm 6743,Bldg 2,6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM george.maxwell@na.amedd.army.mil OI Muggia, Franco/0000-0003-0703-9146 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 27469, CA 37517] NR 17 TC 150 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1200/JCO.2007.13.1953 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 276XK UT WOS:000254176800018 PM 18025437 ER PT J AU Lettieri, CJ Eliasson, AH Greenburg, DL AF Lettieri, Christopher J. Eliasson, Arn H. Greenburg, David L. TI Persistence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea After Surgical Weight Loss SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Obstructive sleep apnea; apnea-hypopnea index; obesity; weight loss; bariatric surgery; prediction; continuous positive airway pressure AB Study Objectives: Weight loss may reduce the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but persistence of OSA following surgical weight loss has not been defined. We sought to clarify the impact of bariatric surgery on OSA. We hypothesized that, despite substantial weight loss and reductions in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), many will have persistent disease. Methods: Consecutive patients referred for preoperative sleep evaluation underwent polysomnography before and 1 year following bariatric surgery. We compared the effects of weight loss on body mass, OSA, and continuous positive airway pressure requirements. We defined OSA severity using the AHI (normal < 5 events per hour, mild 5 to 14 events per hour, moderate 15 to 29 events per hour, and severe 30 or more events per hour). We identified predictors of OSA severity following weight loss and assessed compliance with therapy. Results: Twenty-four patients (aged 47.9 +/- 9.3 years; 75% women) were enrolled. At baseline, all subjects had OSA, the majority of which was severe. Weight loss reduced body mass index from 51.0 +/- 10.4 kg/m(2) to 32.1 +/- 5.5 kg/m(2) (p < 0.001) and the AHI from 47.9 +/- 33.8 to 24.5 +/- 18.1 events per hour (p < 0.001). At follow-up, only 1 patient (4%) experienced resolution of OSA. The majority (71%) had moderate or severe disease. The most important predictor of the follow-up AHI was the baseline AHI (R-2 = 0.603). All patients with residual OSA required continuous positive airway pressure to ablate apneic events, but the required pressures decreased from 11.5 +/- 3.6 cm H2O to 8.4 +/- 2.1 cm H2O (p = 0.001). Only 6 patients were compliant with continuous positive airway pressure therapy at the follow-up visit. Conclusions: Surgical weight loss reduces the AHI, but many patients have residual OSA one year after bariatric surgery. C1 [Lettieri, Christopher J.; Eliasson, Arn H.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Lettieri, Christopher J.; Eliasson, Arn H.; Greenburg, David L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Room A3060, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Greenburg, David L.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lettieri, CJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM christopher.lettieri@us.army.mil NR 30 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 1550-9389 EI 1550-9397 J9 J CLIN SLEEP MED JI J. Clin. Sleep Med. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V44VR UT WOS:000209777000006 PM 18763424 ER PT J AU Beck, Z Karasavvas, N Matyas, GR Alving, CR AF Beck, Zoltan Karasavvas, Nicos Matyas, Gary R. Alving, Carl R. TI Membrane-specific antibodies induced by liposomes can simultaneously bind to HIV-1 protein, peptide, and membrane lipid epitopes SO JOURNAL OF DRUG TARGETING LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; liposomes; lipid A; antibodies to phospholipids; antibodies to glycolipids; antibodies to cholesterol ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL PHOSPHATE; ADJUVANT SYSTEMS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; VACCINE; RESPONSES; REGION; SAFETY; GP41 AB Liposomes containing lipid A as an adjuvant and also containing either both (a) cholesterol and gp140 HIV envelope protein or (b) galactosylceramide and a 48 amino acid peptide from the membrane proximal external region of gp41 from HIV, as liposomal antigens were used for immunizing mice. Monoclonal antibodies from each type of immunization were obtained, which recognized either the lipid antigen or the protein (or peptide) antigen separately, or that simultaneously bound to both the lipid and protein (or peptide) antigens, by ELISA. After immunizing with liposomes containing both phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP) and peptide antigen, a unique monoclonal antibody was also obtained, which did not bind separately either to the lipid or peptide antigen, or to the liposomes alone, but did bind to the original liposomal antigen containing the peptide but lacking PIP. Our data suggest that immunization with liposomes containing lipid A and also containing both a lipid and protein (or peptide) antigen induces antibodies that recognize broad topographical antigenic liposomal membrane surface patterns. These membrane-specific antibodies have unique binding characteristics. C1 [Karasavvas, Nicos; Matyas, Gary R.; Alving, Carl R.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Beck, Zoltan] Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Alving, CR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Div Retrovirol, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM calving@hivresearch.org OI Matyas, Gary/0000-0002-2074-2373 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1061-186X J9 J DRUG TARGET JI J. Drug Target. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 7-8 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1080/10611860802228517 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 334UK UT WOS:000258246500006 PM 18686123 ER PT J AU Gibson, P Schreuder-Gibson, H Stote, R Roylance, M Nakagawa, M Capone, C AF Gibson, Phil Schreuder-Gibson, Heidi Stote, Robert Roylance, Margaret Nakagawa, Masami Capone, Cathy TI Effect of Nanofibers on Spore Penetration and Lunar Dust Filtration SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AND FABRICS LA English DT Article AB The results of two separate studies on biological spore penetration and simulated lunar dust filtration illustrate the use of nanofibers in some nonstandard filtration applications (nanofibers are generally defined as having diameters of less than a micron). In the first study, a variety of microporous liners containing microfibers and nanofibers were combined with cotton-based fabrics in order to filter aerosolized spores. The aerosol penetration resistance of the nanofiber-lined fabrics was measured, and some analysis was conducted of where the particles are captured within the fabric layers. Testing was conducted with aerosolized living spores, in order to evaluate the efficacy of various fabric treatments on spore viability within the fabric layers after exposure. Reported are the results of studies on fabrics with and without a removable electrospun nanofiber liner, and the fate of the spores within the fabric layers. In the second study, non-instrumented filtration testing using simulated lunar dust determined the comparative filtration efficiency of various nonwoven filtration media. Nanofiber witness media, combined with scanning electron microscope images, showed that an electrospun nonwoven filter layer effectively filtered out all the large and fine particles of the simulated lunar dust. C1 [Gibson, Phil; Schreuder-Gibson, Heidi; Stote, Robert; Roylance, Margaret; Capone, Cathy] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Nakagawa, Masami] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Min Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gibson, P (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM phillip.gibson@us.army.mil RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010 OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU INDA PI CARY PA PO BOX 1288, CARY, NC 27512-1288 USA SN 1558-9250 J9 J ENG FIBER FABR JI J. Eng. Fiber Fabr. PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 423YB UT WOS:000264531600009 ER PT J AU Litt, JS AF Litt, Jonathan S. TI An optimal orthogonal decomposition method for Kalman filter-based turbofan engine thrust estimation SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID PERFORMANCE; ALGORITHM; SYSTEM AB A new linear point design technique is presented for the determination of tuning parameters that enable the optimal estimation of unmeasured engine outputs, such as thrust. The engine's performance is affected by its level of degradation, generally described in terms of unmeasurable health parameters related to each major engine component. Accurate thrust reconstruction depends on knowledge of these health parameters, but there are usually too few sensors to be able to estimate their values. In this new technique, a set of tuning parameters is determined that accounts for degradation by representing the overall effect of the larger set of health parameters as closely as possible in a least-squares sense. The technique takes advantage of the properties of the singular value decomposition of a matrix to generate a tuning parameter vector of low enough dimension that it can be estimated by a Kalman filter A concise design procedure to generate a tuning vector that specifically takes into account the variables of interest is presented. An example demonstrates the tuning parameters' ability to facilitate matching of both measured and unmeasured engine outputs, as well as state variables. Additional properties of the formulation are shown to lend themselves well to diagnostics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Litt, JS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, 2100 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 DI 10.1115/1.2747254 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 267BU UT WOS:000253484200015 ER PT J AU Bednar, AJ Jones, WT Boyd, RE Ringelberg, DB Larson, SL AF Bednar, A. J. Jones, W. T. Boyd, R. E. Ringelberg, D. B. Larson, S. L. TI Geochemical parameters influencing tungsten mobility in soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MOLYBDENUM; SPECIATION; OXIDASE; WATER AB The biogeochemistry of tungsten and its effects on mobility have recently gained attention due to the existence of human cancer clusters, such as in Fallon, NV. Tungsten exists in many environmental matrices as the soluble and mobile tungstate anion. However, tungsten can polymerize with itself and other anions, creating poly- and heteropoly-tungstates with variable geochemical and toxicological properties. In the present work, geochemical parameters are determined for tungstate mobility. Soluble tungsten leached from a metallic tungsten-spiked soil after six to twelve months aging reached an equilibrium concentration > 150 mg/L within 4 h of extraction with deionized water. Partition coefficients determined for various tungstate and polytungstate compounds in the model soil suggest a dynamic system in which speciation changes over time affect tungsten geochemical behavior. Partition coefficients for tungstate and some poly-species have been observed to increase by a factor of 3 to 6 over a four month period, indicating decreased mobility with soil aging. C1 [Bednar, A. J.; Ringelberg, D. B.; Larson, S. L.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Jones, W. T.; Boyd, R. E.] SpecPro Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Bednar, AJ (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Anthony.J.Bednar@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0305 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254YX UT WOS:000252625000025 PM 18178896 ER PT J AU Gauer, R Atlas, M AF Gauer, Robert Atlas, Michel TI Does low-dose aspirin reduce preeclampsia and other maternal-fetal complications? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREVENTION C1 [Gauer, Robert] Womack Army Med Ctr, Family Med Residency Program, Ft Bragg, NC USA. [Atlas, Michel] Univ Louisville, Kornhauser Hlth Sci Lib, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Gauer, R (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Family Med Residency Program, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 57 IS 1 BP 54 EP 56 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 257MY UT WOS:000252804400016 PM 18171573 ER PT J AU Henderson, TJ Cullinan, DB Lawrence, RJ Oyler, JM AF Henderson, Terry J. Cullinan, David B. Lawrence, Richard J. Oyler, Jonathan M. TI Positive identification of the principal component of a white powder as scopolamine by quantitative one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR techniques SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic sciences; molecular structure; biological toxins; tropane alkaloids; nuclear magnetic resonance; mass spectrometry ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SOLID-STATE STEREOCHEMISTRY; LINEAR PREDICTION; (-)-SCOPOLAMINE HYDROBROMIDE; TROPANE ALKALOIDS; PUFFER FISH; FREE BASE; SPECTROSCOPY; SENSITIVITY; EXTRAPOLATION AB An unidentified white powder collected as evidence in an intelligence investigation was characterized exclusively by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. A small fraction of the powder dissolved in D2O was subjected to a series of one- and two-dimensional techniques which were used to elucidate the molecular structure of the powder's major component and positively identify it as the scopolamine biotoxin. Quantitative one-dimensional experiments identified individual proton and carbon atom sites, and conventional N-14 spectroscopy detected a single nitrogen atom site. Heteronuclear single quantum coherence data correlated all protons to their directly bonded carbon atom, and together with the quantitative spectra, were used to determine the number of protons directly bonded to each carbon atom. The presence of a methyl, carboxyl, and a benzyl group was also identified from these data. Correlation spectroscopy detected a three proton and a nine proton J(H,H) network, representing a CH2CH moiety and seven carbon atom ring, respectively. These five elements were assembled into an almost complete molecular structure by using long-range, J-coupled, H-1-C-13 pairs detected by heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) spectroscopy and H-1-H-1 dipolar-coupled pairs found from nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) data. Additional oxygen atom sites were inferred from H-1-C-13 correlation intensities in the HMBC spectra along with H-1 and C-13 chemical shift values, or directly from NOESY correlations. Only a single oxygen atom site could not be inferred from NMR data, but its presence was inferred from comparisons to target analyte structures to complete the structure of the scopolamine molecule. To confirm these results, an ethanol/H2O solution of the powder was analyzed by direct infusion into an ion trap mass spectrometer. A prominent base signal was observed at m/z 304.1 amu, corresponding to the protonated molecular ion of scopolamine. Subsequently, the ion was selected and subjected to collision-induced dissociation, producing characteristic major MS/MS fragments at m/z 138.1 and 156.1. Comparisons of H-1 and C-13 chemical shift values and J(H,H) values measured from our NMR data were found to agree very favorably with previously reported values for scopolamine in D2O. C1 [Henderson, Terry J.; Oyler, Jonathan M.] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT CF, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Cullinan, David B.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Lawrence, Richard J.] Battelle Mem Inst, Battelle Eastern Sci & Technol Ctr, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. RP Henderson, TJ (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT CF, E5100,5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM terry.j.henderson@us.army.mil NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00606.x PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 262AM UT WOS:000253121400026 PM 18279252 ER PT J AU Bouchat, C AF Bouchat, Clarence J. TI Geography, the Integrating Discipline: Explaining China's Population-Driven Geopolitics to Students SO JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE demography; geopolitics; natural resources; economic geography; China ID 5 REASONS AB This article demonstrates geography's role as an integrative discipline and its utility in connecting students to the world around them. A case study links China's demography and its geopolitics to the lives of U.S. students. The relationship of China's population pressures to its resulting economic growth, need for economic resources, and geopolitical efforts are examined using the concepts and holistic capabilities that are the academic strength of geography. C1 [Bouchat, Clarence J.] Harrisburg Area Commun Coll, Harrisburg, PA USA. [Bouchat, Clarence J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Bouchat, Clarence J.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Bouchat, Clarence J.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. [Bouchat, Clarence J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bouchat, C (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-1341 J9 J GEOGR JI J. Geogr. PY 2008 VL 107 IS 4-5 BP 142 EP 153 AR PII 906549552 DI 10.1080/00221340802526098 PG 12 WC Geography SC Geography GA 383GN UT WOS:000261662200003 ER PT J AU Song, M Baker, I Cole, DM AF Song, Min Baker, Ian Cole, David M. TI The effect of particles on creep rate and microstructures of granular ice SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE ICE; CRYSTAL SIZE; STRAIN RATES; COMPRESSION; RHEOLOGY; TIME; FLOW AB The microstructures of particle-free granular freshwater ice and ice containing 1 wt.% of 50 +/- 10 mu m uniformly distributed particles were investigated before and after compressive creep to similar to 10% strain with stresses of 1.45 MPa at -10 degrees C and 0.4 MPa at -5 degrees C. Creep rates of particle-containing ice were always higher than those of particle-free ice. For an initial stress of 1.45 MPa at -10 degrees C, dynamic recrystallization occurred with new grains nucleating and growing along grain boundaries for both sets of specimens, and the ice with particles showed a higher nucleation rate. Under creep with an initial stress of 0.4 MPa at -5 degrees C, dynamic recrystallization also occurred by the nucleation and growth of new grains along the grain boundaries for ice containing particles, but recrystallization in the particle-free ice occurred through grain boundary migration. C1 [Song, Min] Cent S Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China. [Baker, Ian] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Cole, David M.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Song, M (reprint author), Cent S Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China. EM ian.baker@dartmouth.edu RI Song, Min/C-3730-2013 OI Song, Min/0000-0002-3197-4647 FU US National Science Foundation (NSF); Arctic Natural Sciences Program [OPP 011737] FX This research was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs, Arctic Natural Sciences Program (OPP 011737). We thank G. Durell for valuable assistance in developing the creep loading equipment. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 186 BP 533 EP 537 DI 10.3189/002214308785836959 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 346ZK UT WOS:000259107900016 ER PT J AU Motyka, R Lawson, D Finnegan, D Kalli, G Molnia, B Arendt, A AF Motyka, Roman Lawson, Daniel Finnegan, David Kalli, George Molnia, Bruce Arendt, Anthony TI Hubbard Glacier update: another closure of Russell Fiord in the making? SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Motyka, Roman] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lawson, Daniel; Finnegan, David] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Kalli, George] USA, Corps Engineers, Anchorage, AK 99506 USA. [Molnia, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Arendt, Anthony] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Motyka, R (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jfrjm@uas.alaska.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 186 BP 562 EP 564 DI 10.3189/002214308785837066 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 346ZK UT WOS:000259107900019 ER PT J AU Nelson, D Pockros, PJ Godofsky, E Rodriguez-Torres, M Everson, G Fried, M Ghalib, R Harrison, S Nyberg, L Shiffman, M Chan, A Hill, G AF Nelson, D. Pockros, P. J. Godofsky, E. Rodriguez-Torres, M. Everson, G. Fried, M. Ghalib, R. Harrison, S. Nyberg, L. Shiffman, M. Chan, A. Hill, G. TI High end-of-treatment response (84%) after 4 weeks of R1626, peginterferon alfa-2a (40kd) and ribavirin followed by a further 44 weeks of peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver CY APR 23-27, 2008 CL Milan, ITALY SP European Assoc Study Liver C1 [Nelson, D.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Pockros, P. J.] Scripps Clin, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Godofsky, E.] Univ Hepatitis Ctr Bach & Godofsky, Bradenton, FL USA. [Rodriguez-Torres, M.] Fdn Invest Diego, Santurce, PR USA. [Everson, G.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Fried, M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ghalib, R.] Dallas Methodist Hosp, Liver Inst, Dallas, TX USA. [Harrison, S.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Nyberg, L.] Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, CA USA. [Shiffman, M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Ctr, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM David.Nelson@medicine.ufl.edu NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 2008 VL 48 SU 2 MA 993 BP S371 EP S371 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(08)60995-2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 312PL UT WOS:000256683201484 ER PT J AU Yan, F Higashihara, T Mosurkal, R Li, L Yang, K Faust, R Kumar, J AF Yan, Fadong Higashihara, Tomoya Mosurkal, Ravi Li, Lian Yang, Ke Faust, Rudolf Kumar, Jayant TI Self organization and redox behavior of poly(vinylferrocene)-block-poly(isobutylene)-block-poly(vinylferrocene) triblock copolymer SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Technical Symposium in Honor of Sukant K Tripathy CY NOV 30, 2007 CL Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA HO Univ Massachusetts Lowell DE ferrocene; triblock copolymer; aggregation; micro-phase separation ID INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORKS; FERROCENE; METHACRYLATE); MORPHOLOGY; RECEPTOR AB Self organization and redox behavior of a ferrocene containing triblock copolymer, poly(vinylferrocene)-block-poly(isobutylene)-block-poly(vinylferrocene), with narrow molecular weight distribution in solutions and in thin films were investigated. Dynamic light scattering studies of the block copolymer in dilute solutions indicated that the polymer chains aggregated at relatively low concentrations. The aggregations of polymer chains were observed in toluene, as well as in tetrahydrofuran at concentrations as low as 0.014 mg/mL and 0.0045 mg/mL, respectively. Thin films of the copolymer showed reversible single electron redox behavior, similar to that of ferrocene. Morphology and micro-phase separation of the copolymer was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. C1 [Yan, Fadong; Yang, Ke; Kumar, Jayant] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Higashihara, Tomoya; Faust, Rudolf] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Mosurkal, Ravi; Li, Lian] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM jayant_kumar@uml.edu RI MOSURKAL, RAVI/P-6981-2015 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI A JI J. Macromol. Sci. Part A-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2008 VL 45 IS 11 BP 910 EP 913 DI 10.1080/10601320802380075 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 355FM UT WOS:000259694800007 ER PT J AU Pandey, MK Chandekar, A Tyagi, R Parmar, VS Tucci, VB Smith, KD Westmoreland, PR Mosurkal, R Kumar, J Watterson, AC AF Pandey, Mukesh K. Chandekar, Amol Tyagi, Rahul Parmar, Virinder S. Tucci, Vincent B. Smith, Kenneth D. Westmoreland, Phillip R. Mosurkal, Ravi Kumar, Jayant Watterson, Arthur C. TI Design and lipase catalyzed synthesis of 4-methylcoumarin-siloxane hybrid copolymers SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Technical Symposium in Honor of Sukant K Tripathy CY NOV 30, 2007 CL Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA HO Univ Massachusetts Lowell DE chemo-enzymatic; polysiloxanes; 4-methylcoumarin; Novozyme-435; Candida antarctica lipase B; flame retardant ID BIOCATALYTIC SYNTHESIS; POLYMERS AB Poly dimethylsiloxanes with amino end groups were copolymerized with diesters of 4-methylcoumarins enzymatically using a lipase (Candida antarctica lipase) as a biocatalyst. In a separate synthesis, 4-methylcoumarin was also incorporated into the poly siloxanes-isophthalate copolymers by functionalization of hydroxyl groups in the isophthalate moiety. The synthesis and characterization of two sets of novel copolymers are presented. The thermal and flammability properties of these polymers have also been studied using TGA and microcalorimetry, respectively. C1 [Pandey, Mukesh K.; Tyagi, Rahul; Parmar, Virinder S.; Tucci, Vincent B.; Kumar, Jayant; Watterson, Arthur C.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Lowell, MA USA. [Pandey, Mukesh K.; Chandekar, Amol; Tyagi, Rahul; Tucci, Vincent B.; Kumar, Jayant; Watterson, Arthur C.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA USA. [Parmar, Virinder S.] Univ Delhi, Dept Chem, Bioorgan Lab, Delhi 110007, India. [Smith, Kenneth D.; Westmoreland, Phillip R.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA USA. [Mosurkal, Ravi] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Watterson, AC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Lowell, MA USA. EM arthur_watterson@uml.edu RI MOSURKAL, RAVI/P-6981-2015 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI A JI J. Macromol. Sci. Part A-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2008 VL 45 IS 11 BP 925 EP 930 DI 10.1080/10601320802380133 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 355FM UT WOS:000259694800010 ER PT J AU Mosurkal, R Samuelson, LA Smith, KD Westmoreland, PR Parmar, VS Yan, F Kumar, J Watterson, AC AF Mosurkal, Ravi Samuelson, Lynne A. Smith, Kenneth D. Westmoreland, Phillip R. Parmar, Virinder S. Yan, Fadong Kumar, Jayant Watterson, Arthur C. TI Nanocomposites of TiO2 and siloxane copolymers as environmentally safe flame-retardant materials SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Technical Symposium in Honor of Sukant K Tripathy CY NOV 30, 2007 CL Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA HO Univ Massachusetts Lowell DE flame retardant; polysiloxanes; PCFC; microcalorimetry; TiO2 nanocomposites; environmentally-safe; heat release capacity ID THERMAL-STABILITY; POLYMERS; CALORIMETRY; ORGANOCLAYS AB Composites of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and biocatalytically synthesized dimethylsiloxane copolyamides were prepared, and their thermal and flame-retardant properties were investigated. The flammability properties such as heat release capacity and total heat release were measured from microscale cumbustion calorimetry (MCC). The thermal degradation temperatures, char yields, and the heat-release capacities of these nanocomposites were significantly improved over the pure polymers. The heat-release capacities of the siloxane copolymer nanocomposites with 20wt% of TiO2 were found to be 167 and 129 J/g K, which is a 35% less than the pure polymers (260 and 194 J/g K, respectively). The SEM/EDAX surface-analysis studies on nanocomposite films and their char revealed that nanocrystalline-TiO2 plays an important role in forming carbonaceous silicate char on the surface as a protective layer. C1 [Mosurkal, Ravi; Samuelson, Lynne A.] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Smith, Kenneth D.; Westmoreland, Phillip R.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA USA. [Parmar, Virinder S.] Univ Delhi, Dept Chem, Bioorgan Lab, Delhi 110007, India. [Yan, Fadong; Kumar, Jayant] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA USA. [Watterson, Arthur C.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Lowell, MA USA. RP Mosurkal, R (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Ravi_Mosurkal@uml.edu RI MOSURKAL, RAVI/P-6981-2015 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI A JI J. Macromol. Sci. Part A-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2008 VL 45 IS 11 BP 942 EP 946 DI 10.1080/10601320802380208 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 355FM UT WOS:000259694800013 ER PT J AU Mosurkal, R Samuelson, LA Kumar, J Waller, D Gaudiana, R AF Mosurkal, Ravi Samuelson, Lynne A. Kumar, Jayant Waller, David Gaudiana, Russell TI Synthesis of a soluble pentacene derivative: 6,13-bis(m-trifluoromethyl phenyl ethenyl) pentacene SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Technical Symposium in Honor of Sukant K Tripathy CY NOV 30, 2007 CL Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA HO Univ Massachusetts Lowell DE soluble pentacene; redox potential; HOMO-LUMO ID SEMICONDUCTORS; PERFORMANCE; TRANSISTORS AB We report the synthesis and characterization of a new pentacene derivative, 6,13- bis(m-trifluoromethyl phenylethynyl)pentacene. This pentacene derivative is soluble in common organic solvents and found to have the HOMO energy level at -5.45 eV in solution. C1 [Mosurkal, Ravi; Samuelson, Lynne A.] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Kumar, Jayant] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Waller, David; Gaudiana, Russell] Konarka Technol Inc, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Mosurkal, R (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Ravi_Mosurkal@uml.edu; Jayant_Kumar@uml.edu RI MOSURKAL, RAVI/P-6981-2015 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI A JI J. Macromol. Sci. Part A-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2008 VL 45 IS 11 BP 947 EP 950 DI 10.1080/10601320802380216 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 355FM UT WOS:000259694800014 ER PT J AU Nagarajan, S Nagarajan, R Tyagi, R Kumar, J Bruno, FF Samuelson, LA AF Nagarajan, Subhalakshmi Nagarajan, Ramaswamy Tyagi, Rahul Kumar, Jayant Bruno, Ferdinando F. Samuelson, Lynne A. TI Biocatalytic modification of naturally occurring iron porphyrin SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Technical Symposium in Honor of Sukant K Tripathy CY NOV 30, 2007 CL Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA HO Univ Massachusetts Lowell DE biomimetic catalysts; green chemistry; hematin; lipases; enzymatic polymerization ID CONDUCTING POLYANILINE; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; POLYMERIZATION; POLYMERS; HEME AB Hematin, a hydroxyferriprotoporphyrin, is the stable, oxidized form of heme. Heme has been reported to be the active catalytic center of naturally occurring peroxidases such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP). While there have been reports on the use of hematin as a catalyst for oxidative polymerization reactions, these reactions could be carried out only at high pH conditions due to limited aqueous solubility of hematin at lower pH conditions. We report here the biocatalytic modification of hematin using a lipase, Novozyme-435. Hematin has been modified by tethering monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) chains which provide aqueous solubility over a fairly wide range of pH conditions. This pegylated Hematin (PEG-Hematin) is synthesized via a one-step solventless reaction and the products formed can be isolated with minimal purification. The PEG-Hematin synthesized serves as a robust alternative to HRP for the polymerization of aniline and phenol. C1 [Kumar, Jayant] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Nagarajan, Subhalakshmi; Tyagi, Rahul] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Tyagi, Rahul] Univ Massachusetts, Inst Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Bruno, Ferdinando F.; Samuelson, Lynne A.] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Jayant_Kumar@uml.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI A JI J. Macromol. Sci. Part A-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2008 VL 45 IS 11 BP 951 EP 956 DI 10.1080/10601320802380232 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 355FM UT WOS:000259694800015 ER PT J AU Huh, P Yan, F Li, L Kim, M Mosurkal, R Samuelson, LA Kumar, J AF Huh, Pilho Yan, Fadong Li, Lian Kim, Myunghwan Mosurkal, Ravi Samuelson, Lynne A. Kumar, Jayant TI Simple fabrication of zinc oxide nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALIGNED ZNO NANORODS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ARRAYS; NANOPARTICLES; GREEN; TEMPERATURE; NANOWIRES; ACETATE AB A simple and low cost methodology for fabricating one and two dimensional periodic ZnO nanostructures utilizing surface relief patterns on azopolymer films as templates is demonstrated. C1 [Huh, Pilho; Yan, Fadong; Kumar, Jayant] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Li, Lian; Mosurkal, Ravi; Samuelson, Lynne A.] USA, Natick Soldier Ctr RDEC, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Kim, Myunghwan] Samsung Elect Co LTD, Yongin, Gyunggi Do, South Korea. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, 1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Jayant_Kumar@uml.edu RI MOSURKAL, RAVI/P-6981-2015 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 6 BP 637 EP 639 DI 10.1039/b715334a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 257XB UT WOS:000252831200004 ER PT J AU Li, S Samuel, SP Mylonakis, A Shah, A Hsieh, A Patel, A Wei, E Baran, G Wei, Y AF Li, Shuxi Samuel, Solomon Praveen Mylonakis, Andreas Shah, Apoorva Hsieh, Alex Patel, Alpa Wei, Elizabeth Baran, George Wei, Yen TI Synthesis of new organic-inorganic hybrids poly[2-hydroxethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-silica] and their mechanical properties SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL MATERIALS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); COMPOSITES; ALKOXIDES; POLYMERS AB The presence of low-molecular-weight by-products is a major problem in poly [2-hydroxethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-silica] hybrids prepared using sol-gel synthesis. Low-molecular-weight by-products have a detrimental effect on the optical transparency, and mechanical and storage properties of poly(HEMA-silica) hybrids. To solve this problem, a new sol-gel synthesis procedure was developed to prepare organic-inorganic hybrids. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was used as a comonomer to form poly(HEMA-GMA-silica) (PHGS) hybrids. In addition to forming a copolymer, GMA has two more functions. It facilitates the removal of almost all of the low-molecular-weight by-product molecules formed during sol-gel synthesis and also prevents further condensation of free silanol groups during the polymerization, storage, and use. The mechanical properties of PHGS hybrids were evaluated by using compression testing. The mechanical properties of PHGS hybrids were higher compared to Plexiglas G poly(methyl methacrylate), and the hybrids can be synthesized with reproducible mechanical properties. C1 [Li, Shuxi; Samuel, Solomon Praveen; Mylonakis, Andreas; Patel, Alpa; Wei, Elizabeth; Wei, Yen] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Shah, Apoorva] Triton Syst Inc, Chelmford, MA 01824 USA. [Hsieh, Alex] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, WM MD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Baran, George] Temple Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Wei, Y (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM weiyen@drexel.edu RI Wei, Yen/H-5329-2012 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0014 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 250HS UT WOS:000252291200009 ER PT J AU Wilantewicz, TE Varner, JR AF Wilantewicz, Trevor E. Varner, James R. TI Vickers indentation behavior of several commercial glasses at high temperatures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SODA-LIME GLASS; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; BRITTLE SURFACES; CRACK INITIATION; SHARP PARTICLES; DEFORMATION; INDENTERS; EROSION AB The Vickers indentation behavior of five commercial glasses has been investigated as a function of temperature. The glasses included: (i) soda-lime-silica Float glass, (ii) lead-alkali silicate, (iii) 7740 Pyrex (TM) borosilicate, (iv) potassium phosphate, and (v) lanthanum borate. A recording microindentation system was constructed to allow Vickers indentation testing to be conducted at temperatures significantly above room temperature. The Vickers hardness was observed to decrease continuously with increasing temperature for all glasses, with the exception of the 7740 Pyrex (TM) glass. Decreases in hardness were attributed to decreases in elastic moduli and bond strength with increasing temperature. The lengths of median-radial cracks around indentations in several glasses were observed to first increase, and then decrease, with increasing temperature. The first of this behavior was attributed to initial increases of the crack driving force, characterized by the quantity (E/H), as well as to a decrease in fracture surface energy. Viscous flow at higher temperatures was believed responsible for a reduction in the crack driving force and crack tip stress, resulting in an eventual decrease in crack length. Visco-elastic behavior of the Float glass was characterized by a rate-dependent hardness and indentation crack pattern. Load-displacement traces indicated an increase in the work of indentation and residual indentation depth with increasing temperature for all glasses. C1 USA, Impact Phys Branch, Res Lab, ATTN AMSRD ARL WM TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Alfred Univ, Kazuo Inamori Sch Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. RP Wilantewicz, TE (reprint author), USA, Impact Phys Branch, Res Lab, ATTN AMSRD ARL WM TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM twilantewicz@comcast.net NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 281 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s10853-007-2174-9 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 237KB UT WOS:000251371500036 ER PT J AU Alfredsson, KS Bogetti, TA Carlsson, LA Gillespie, JW Yiournas, A AF Alfredsson, K. S. Bogetti, T. A. Carlsson, L. A. Gillespie, J. W., Jr. Yiournas, A. TI Flexure of beams with an interlayer - Symmetric beams with orthotropic adherends SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE flexure; interlayer; shear deformation ID PRINCIPLE; ARMOR AB Analysis of the three-point flexure loading of a symmetric beam configuration consisting of two identical adherends joined by a flexible layer is presented. A closed-form solution is presented in the form of a layer-wise approach, and shows excellent agreement with finite element results. Particular emphasis is given to the global beam compliance. The results show that a thin, shear deformable layer may effectively decouple the responses of the two beams. Furthermore, in contrast to ordinary beams, the presence of an overhang reduces the beam compliance. These effects are quantified and discussed. Experiments on aluminum adherends joined by a rubber layer were conducted over a range of overhang lengths in a three-point flexure fixture, and very good agreement between measured and predicted beam compliance was noted. C1 [Alfredsson, K. S.] Univ Skovde, S-54128 Skovde, Sweden. [Bogetti, T. A.] Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Carlsson, L. A.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Gillespie, J. W., Jr.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Yiournas, A.] Dynam Sci Inc, DTSD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001 USA. RP Alfredsson, KS (reprint author), Univ Skovde, S-54128 Skovde, Sweden. EM svante.alfredsson@his.se; bogetti@arl.army.mil; carlsson@fau.edu; gillespie@udel.edu; yiournas@udel.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE PUBL PI BERKELEY PA UNIV CALIFORNIA, DEPT MATHEMATICS, BERKELEY, CA 94720-3840 USA SN 1559-3959 J9 J MECH MATER STRUCT JI J. Mech. Mater. Struct. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 45 EP 62 DI 10.2140/jomms.2008.3.45 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 309CQ UT WOS:000256438700003 ER PT J AU Rowton, ED Dorsey, KM Armstrong, KL AF Rowton, Edgar D. Dorsey, Kristen M. Armstrong, Karyn L. TI Comparison of in vitro (chicken-skin membrane) versus in vivo (live hamster) blood-feeding methods for maintenance of colonized Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera : psychodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phlebotomus papatasi; sand fly; membrane feeding; in vitro alternatives; colony maintenance ID LEISHMANIA-DONOVANI AB An in vitro feeding method using chicken-skin membranes and human blood was compared with an established in vivo method using anesthetized hamsters for blood-feeding mass-reared phlebotomine sand flies. Parameters measured were percentage of sand flies taking blood meals, number of eggs laid per female, and percentage of eggs that hatched. Females from a long established (>20 yr) colony of Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) from Israel landed on and started feeding sooner on the hamster than on the membrane. However, when sand flies were allowed access to the membrane feeder for the same length of time as the anesthetized hamster, the feeding percentages were not significantly different and were usually better on the membrane feeder if flies were allowed access for a longer time. Egg production and percent batch between the two feeding methods were not statistically different. Based on these results, we conclude that the chicken-skin membrane feeding method is a viable alternative to the use of live animals for feeding large numbers of P. papatasi. C1 [Rowton, Edgar D.; Dorsey, Kristen M.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Armstrong, Karyn L.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Vet Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rowton, ED (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM edgar.rowton@na.amedd.army.mil RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[9:COIVCM]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 255CX UT WOS:000252635500002 PM 18283936 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Linthicum, KJ Patrican, LA Davies, FG Kairo, A Bailey, CL AF Turell, Michael J. Linthicum, Kenneth J. Patrican, Lisa A. Davies, F. Glyn Kairo, Alladin Bailey, Charles L. TI Vector competence of selected African mosquito (Diptera : Culicidae) species for Rift Valley fever virus SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rift Valley fever virus; transmission; mosquito; Africa; vector ID SAUDI-ARABIA; CULEX-PIPIENS; PHLEBOTOMUS-DUBOSCQI; SAND FLY; TRANSMISSION; DISSEMINATION; REPLICATION; PSYCHODIDAE; EPIDEMIC; EGYPT AB Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in Egypt, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia have indicated the potential for this disease to spread from its enzootic areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Because little is known about the potential for most African mosquito species to transmit RVF virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus, RVFV), we conducted studies to determine the vector competence of selected African species of mosquitoes for this virus. All eight species tested [Aedes palpalis (New-stead), Aedes mcintoshi Huang, Aedes circumluteolus (Theobald), Aedes calceatus Edwards, Aedes aegypti (L.), Culex antennatus (Becker), Culex pipiens (L.), and Culex quinquefasciatus Say I, were susceptible to infection, and all except Ae. calceatus, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus transmitted RVFV by bite after oral exposure. Estimated transmission rates for mosquitoes that successfully transmitted RVFV by bite ranged from 5% for Ae. mcintoshi to 39% for Ae. palpalis for mosquitoes that fed on a hamster with a viremia >= 10(8) plaque-forming units of virus/ml. We did not recover RVFV from any of 3,138 progeny of infected female mosquitoes. RVFV is unusual among arboviruses in that it has been isolated in nature from a large number of species and that numerous mosquitoes and other arthropods are able to transmit this virus in the laboratory. The recent introduction and spread of West Nile virus into the Americas and the spread of RVFV to the Arabian Peninsula illustrates the potential for viruses, once enzootic in Africa, to spread to other parts of the world. C1 [Turell, Michael J.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.; Patrican, Lisa A.; Davies, F. Glyn; Kairo, Alladin; Bailey, Charles L.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM michael.turell@det.amedd.army.mil NR 36 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[102:VCOSAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 255CX UT WOS:000252635500015 PM 18283949 ER PT J AU Morris, CJ Parviz, BA AF Morris, Christopher J. Parviz, Babak A. TI Micro-scale metal contacts for capillary force-driven self-assembly SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM METALLIZATION; INTERFACIAL REACTION; IONIC LIQUIDS; SOLDER; SN; MICROSTRUCTURE; MICROSYSTEMS; INTEGRATION; VISCOSITY; MIXTURES AB Self-assembly, or the spontaneous organization of parts into larger structures via energy minimization, is an attractive solution to overcome packaging and integration challenges. Capillary forces from a molten alloy can be used to both bond micro-scale components and to make electrical connections between them in a self-assembly process. Here, we present a systematic study of a number of metal alloys and self-assembly media with the aim of reducing the metal contact size between micro-scale components. We consider six different alloys or pure metals with melting points below 160 C, and nine different fluids with boiling points above 160C. Tin-based alloys were generally found to be highly susceptible to corrosion at elevated temperatures above the alloy melting point, with Sn being the primary component to corrode and react with the underlying base metal. Using a eutectic Sn-Bi alloy and glycerol at 180-200C, we demonstrated the self-assembly of 1500 100-mu m parts and 5000 40-mu m parts, each in about 2.5 min. Thus, 40-mu m square, 4-mu m high contacts remained functional for self-assembly. The electrical conductance of self-assembled 20-mu m diameter, 2.5-mu m high alloy contacts based on this Sn-Bi-glycerol system was 1.9 m Omega(-1) cm(-2). C1 [Morris, Christopher J.] AMSRD SE RL, USA Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Morris, Christopher J.; Parviz, Babak A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Morris, CJ (reprint author), AMSRD SE RL, USA Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM cjmorris@u.washington.edu; babak@ee.washington.edu NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 AR 015022 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/18/1/015022 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 259UH UT WOS:000252965900024 ER PT J AU Watson, S AF Watson, Samuel TI A gallant little army: The Mexico city campaign SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Watson, Samuel] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Watson, S (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 243 EP 244 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 252NF UT WOS:000252452500023 ER PT J AU Bruscino, TA AF Bruscino, Thomas A., Jr. TI MacArthur: A biography SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Bruscino, Thomas A., Jr.] USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. RP Bruscino, TA (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 265 EP 266 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 252NF UT WOS:000252452500040 ER PT J AU Fischer, JR AF Fischer, Joseph R. TI Beating Goliath: Why insurgencies win SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Fischer, Joseph R.] CGSC, DHM, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. RP Fischer, JR (reprint author), CGSC, DHM, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 303 EP 304 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 252NF UT WOS:000252452500072 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, Howard E. TI Differential geometry of quantum computation SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 06-FEB 10, 2008 CL Snowbird, UT DE quantum computing; quantum circuits; quantum complexity; differential geometry; Riemannian geometry; geodesics AB This is a brief review of aspects of a recent development in the differential geometry of quantum computation. Expository descriptions are offered of the associated Riemannian geometry of the special unitary unimodular group in 2(n)-dimensions, including the choice of metric, connection, and optimal geodesics for achieving minimal complexity quantum computations. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM hbrandt@arl.army.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2008 VL 55 IS 19-20 BP 3403 EP 3412 DI 10.1080/09500340802353686 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 385GS UT WOS:000261803300030 ER PT J AU McCall, S Vilensky, JA Gilman, S Taubenberger, JK AF McCall, Sherman Vilensky, Joel A. Gilman, Sid Taubenberger, Jeffery K. TI The relationship between encephalitis lethargica and influenza: A critical analysis SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Review DE bird flu; epidemic encephalitis; sleepy sickness; von Economo's disease ID ACUTE NECROTIZING ENCEPHALOPATHY; A VIRUS-INFECTION; POSTENCEPHALITIC PARKINSONISM; EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; PANDEMIC VIRUS; VIRAL CULTURE; BRAIN-TISSUE; GENE; RNA AB Since encephalitis lethargica's (EL) prevalence in the 1920s, epidemiologic and clinical debate has persisted over whether EL was caused by, potentiated by, or merely coincident with the Spanish influenza pandemic. Epidemiologic analyses generally suggest that the disorders were coincidental. Beginning in the 1970s, modern experiments on archival brain samples mainly failed to confirm a direct relationship between influenza and EL. These experimental studies have technical limitations, e. g., the appropriateness of antibodies, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and controls, and the extreme paucity and age of available material. These factors render the case against influenza less decisive than currently perceived. Nevertheless, there is little direct evidence supporting influenza in the etiology of EL. Almost 100 years after the EL epidemic, its etiology remains enigmatic, raising the possibility of a recurrence of EL in a future influenza pandemic. C1 [Vilensky, Joel A.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [McCall, Sherman] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Clin Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Gilman, Sid] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Taubenberger, Jeffery K.] NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Vilensky, JA (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, 2101 E Coliseum Blvd, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. EM vilensk@ipfw.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA AI000995-03] NR 88 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1080/13550280801995445 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 316VS UT WOS:000256978400001 PM 18569452 ER PT J AU Jennings, BM Yoder, LH Heiner, SL Loan, LA Bingham, MO AF Jennings, Bonnie M. Yoder, Linda H. Heiner, Stacy L. Loan, Lori A. Bingham, Mona O. TI Soldiers with musculoskeletal injuries SO JOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP LA English DT Article DE musculoskeletal injuries; Soldier injuries; military health care ID MILITARY; PREVENTION; CARE; ARMY AB Purpose: To describe Soldiers' (e.g., U.S. Army personnel) perspectives of the effect of musculoskeletal injuries. Design: Data were collected in the summer of 2003 using a prospective survey design. The survey was mailed to active duty Soldiers on modified work plans because of musculoskeletal injuries. These Soldiers were assigned to one Army installation in the US. Methods: Responses to the survey questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The numerous handwritten comments were evaluated qualitatively. Findings: Injuries most often involved the back and knees (18% each). At least 47% of the injuries were work related. Injuries interfered with Soldiers' abilities to perform military tasks such as road marching (80%) and organized physical training (69%). Although many respondents indicated they were not experiencing pain, at least some Soldiers reported mild pain for each of 19 anatomic locations. Severe pain was reported most often for the lower back (21%). In their written comments, Soldiers expressed a sense of frustration with their injuries, the healthcare system and providers, and their unit leaders. Conclusions: Healthcare personnel are challenged to better manage Soldiers with musculoskeletal injuries and expedite their return to full duty. Unit leaders are challenged to create work environments that focus on injury prevention and allow injured Soldiers time to heal. Clinical Relevance: The Soldiers in this study were often engaged in physically challenging work or sports activities when injured. Because people outside the Army engage in similar activities (e.g., construction workers, endurance athletes), the findings from this study might be applicable to nonmilitary communities. Additionally, with the number of Reserve and National Guard Soldiers currently on active duty, civilian nurses might be caring for Soldiers with musculoskeletal injuries. C1 [Yoder, Linda H.] Univ Texas Austin, Sch Nursing, Nursing Syst Grad Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Loan, Lori A.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Nursing Res Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Bingham, Mona O.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Nursing Res Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Jennings, BM (reprint author), 6828 Lamp Post Lane, Alexandria, VA 22306 USA. EM bmjennings@cox.net NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1527-6546 J9 J NURS SCHOLARSHIP JI J. Nurs. Scholarsh. PY 2008 VL 40 IS 3 BP 268 EP 274 DI 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2008.00237.x PG 7 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 341QW UT WOS:000258730800011 PM 18840211 ER PT J AU Byrne, DC Reeves, ER AF Byrne, David C. Reeves, Efrem R. TI Analysis of nonstandard noise dosimeter microphone positions SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE dosimeter; microphone; noise AB This study was conducted as part of a project involving the evaluation of a new type of noise exposure monitoring paradigm. Laboratory tests were conducted to assess how "nonstandard" dosimeter microphones and microphone positions measured noise levels under different acoustical conditions (i.e., diffuse field and direct field). The data presented in this article reflect measurement differences due to microphone position and mounting/supporting structure only and are not an evaluation of any particular complete dosimeter system. To varying degrees, the results obtained with the dosimeter microphones used in this study differed from the reference results obtained in the unperturbed (subject absent) sound field with a precision (suitable for use in an ANSI Type 1 sound level meter) 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) measurement microphone. Effects of dosimeter microphone placement in a diffuse field were found to be minor for most of the test microphones/locations, while direct field microphone placement effects were found to be quite large depending on the microphone position and supporting structure, sound source location, and noise spectrum. C1 [Byrne, David C.] NIOSH, Robert Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Reeves, Efrem R.] USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. RP Byrne, DC (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop C-27, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM dbyrne@cdc.gov RI Byrne, David/A-7679-2009 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.1080/15459620701879438 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 346QY UT WOS:000259085500003 PM 18213533 ER PT J AU Caretti, D Coyne, KM AF Caretti, David Coyne, Karen M. TI Unmanned assessment of respirator carbon dioxide levels: Comparison of methods of measurement SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; respirators; unmanned testing AB A study was performed to determine average inhaled carbon dioxide (FICO2) concentrations of multiple respirators using unmanned test methods, and to compare results among test procedures to determine whether they could be used interchangeably. Respirator experiments were performed according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (NFICO2), standard European (ENFICO2), and a modified method of the European test (BFICO2) using full-facepiece air-purifying respirators and one air-purifying escape respirator. Bland-Altman statistics for determination of limits of agreement were applied to assess agreement among the various test methods. A considerable lack of agreement was found between NFICO2 and ENFICO2 methods and between BFICO2 and NFICO2 methods for average FICO2. The modified EN136 method produced FICO2 averages about 0.13% to 0.23% above unmodified EN136 values, but the agreement between methods was generally acceptable. These results demonstrate that NIOSH and European unmanned test methods for determining respirator average F(I)CO2 concentrations produce different results for like respirators. However, the findings suggest that the ENFICO2 and BFICO2 unmanned methods could be used interchangeably for quantifying respirator FICO2 concentrations. C1 [Caretti, David; Coyne, Karen M.] USA, Edgewood CB Ctr AMSRD ECB RT PR, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Caretti, D (reprint author), USA, Edgewood CB Ctr AMSRD ECB RT PR, E5604,5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM david.caretti@us.army.mil NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1080/15459620801969998 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 279IT UT WOS:000254349600005 PM 18330800 ER PT J AU Stansbury, LG Lalliss, SJ Branstetter, JG Bagg, MR Holcomb, JB AF Stansbury, Lynn G. Lalliss, Steven J. Branstetter, Joanna G. Bagg, Mark R. Holcomb, John B. TI Amputations in US military personnel in the current conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE trauma epidemiology; amputation rate ID CASUALTIES; INJURIES; CARE AB Objectives: To determine rates of major limb amputation in U.S. military casualties in the current conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, to correlate these with mechanism of injury, and compare the rate with that seen in U.S. casualties from the Vietnam War. Design: Retrospective study of all US. casualties recorded for the current conflicts from the start in October 1, 2001 to June 1, 2006. Setting: Records from U.S. military forward surgical teams (Level IIb) and combat support hospitals (Level III) in theater, evacuation (Level IV, Germany), and major military medical centers (Level V, United States). Patients/Participants: All recorded U.S. military casualties from the Afghanistan and Iraq theaters with injuries requiring evacuation out of theater or prohibiting the individual from returning to duty for more than 72 hours. Intervention: None. Main Outcome Measurements: Major limb injury, level of amputation, principal mechanism of injury. Results: Over the past 56 months, of the 8058 military casualties meeting the listed criteria, 5684 (70.5%) were recorded as having major limb injuries. Of these, 423 (5.2% of all serious injuries; 7.4% of major limb injuries) under-went major limb amputation or amputation at or proximal to the wrist or ankle joint. The mechanism of injury for 87.9% was some form of explosive device. The major amputation rate during Vietnam was 8.3% of major limb injuries. Conclusions: overall, major limb amputation rates for the current U.S. engagement in Afghanistan and Iraq are similar to those of previous conflicts. C1 [Branstetter, Joanna G.; Bagg, Mark R.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma Softtissue Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Branstetter, JG (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Joanna.Branstetter@amedd.army.mil NR 15 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD JAN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 250HY UT WOS:000252291800009 PM 18176164 ER PT J AU Walters, TJ Kragh, JF Kauvar, DS Baer, DG AF Walters, Thomas J. Kragh, John F. Kauvar, David S. Baer, David G. TI The combined influence of hemorrhage and tourniquet application on the recovery of muscle function in rats SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE fiber type; healing; ischemia reperfusion injury; rat; regeneration; repair; skeletal muscle ID ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES; PNEUMATIC TOURNIQUET; US ARMY; BATTLEFIELD; CASUALTIES; PROTEIN; BENEATH; WOUNDS AB Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of tourniquet-induced ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury on the recovery of muscle function with and without prior hemorrhage. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (initially 400-450 g) were randomly assigned to I of 4 groups (n = 8 per group): (1) hemorrhage (33% of estimated blood volume) plus tourniquet +H/+TK; (2) tourniquet alone (-H/+TK); (3) hemorrhage alone (+H/-TK); and (4) surgical control (-H/-TK). A pneumatic tourniquet was applied to the upper leg for 4 hours, followed by 2 weeks of recovery. For +H animals, tourniquets were applied at the conclusion of blood withdrawal. The predominantly fast-twitch plantaris and the predominantly slow-twitch soleus muscles were examined using in situ isometric muscle function 2 weeks following treatment. Results: Tourniquet application resulted in significantly greater loss of force production [peak tetanic force (Po)] in the plantaris compared with the soleus. The decrease in Po was a result of both a loss of muscle mass and a reduction in specific force [force per unit weight; Po (n/g)]. Hemorrhage prior to tourniquet application significantly increased the extent of functional loss compared with tourniquet alone in the plantaris but not the soleus. Hemorrhage prior to tourniquet application significantly reduced the rate of postsurgical recovery of body weight. Conclusion: The functional loss resulting from tourniquet application is exacerbated by the superimposition of hemorrhage in the predominantly fast-twitch plantaris but not the predominantly slow-twitch soleus. This was likely a result of metabolic derangement resulting from the combination of hemorrhage and tourniquet application. The development of interventions designed to attenuate the loss of muscle mass and function following complex trauma is necessary for optimal patient recovery. C1 [Walters, Thomas J.; Kragh, John F.; Kauvar, David S.; Baer, David G.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Kragh, John F.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Walters, TJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM thomas.walters@amedd.army.mil NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD JAN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 250HY UT WOS:000252291800010 PM 18176165 ER PT J AU Thellen, C Coyne, M Froio, D Auerbach, M Wirsen, C Ratto, JA AF Thellen, Christopher Coyne, Megan Froio, Danielle Auerbach, Margaret Wirsen, Carl Ratto, Jo Ann TI A Processing, Characterization and Marine Biodegradation Study of Melt-Extruded Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Films SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Polyhydroxyalkanoate; Biodegradation; Film extrusion; Barrier ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DEGRADATION; POLYESTERS; POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE-CO-3-HYDROXYHEXANOATE); SOIL AB A series of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), all containing 1% nucleating agent but varying in structure, were melt-processed into films through single screw extrusion techniques. This series consisted of three polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and three polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PHBV) resins with varying valerate content. Processing parameters of temperature in the barrel (165-173 degrees C) and chill rolls (60 degrees C) were optimized to obtain cast films. The gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) results showed a loss of 8-19% of the polymer's initial molecular weight due to extrusion processing. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) displayed glass transition temperatures of the films ranging from -4.6 to 6.7 degrees C depending on the amount of crystallinity in the film. DSC data were also used to calculate the percent crystallinity of each sample and slightly higher crystallinity was observed in the PHBV series of samples. X-ray diffraction patterns did not vary significantly for any of the samples and crystallinity was confirmed with X-ray data. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) verified the glass transition trends for the films from DSC while loss modulus (E') reported at 20 degrees C showed that the PHBV (3,950-3,600 MPa) had the higher E' values than the PHB (3,500-2,698 MPa) samples. The Young's modulus values of the PHB and PHBV samples ranged from 700 to 900 MPa and 900 to 1,500 MPa, respectively. Polarized light microscopy images revealed gel particles in the films processed through single-screw extrusion, which may have caused diminished Young's modulus and tensile strength of these films. The PHBV film samples exhibited the greatest barrier properties to oxygen and water vapor when compared to the PHB film samples. The average oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) for the PHBV samples was 247 (cc-mil/m(2)-day) and 118 (g-mil/m(2)-day), respectively; while the average OTR and WVTR for the PHB samples was 350 (cc-mil/m(2)-day) and 178 (g-mil/m(2)-day), respectively. Biodegradation data of the films in the marine environment demonstrated that all PHA film samples achieved a minimum of 70% mineralization in 40 days when run in accordance with ASTM 6691. For static and dynamic incubation experiments in seawater, microbial action resulting in weight loss as a function of time showed all samples to be highly biodegradable and correlated with the ASTM 6691 biodegradation data. C1 [Thellen, Christopher; Coyne, Megan; Froio, Danielle; Auerbach, Margaret; Ratto, Jo Ann] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Wirsen, Carl] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ratto, JA (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM joann.ratto.ross@us.army.mil FU U. S. Navy's Waste Reduction Afloat Protects the Sea (WRAPS) Program FX The authors acknowledge Robert Whitehouse, Allen Padwa and Mirel Sharxhi of Metabolix for the materials as well as their assistance and advice on modulated DSC and DMA experiments. The authors also acknowledge Professor Steven Orroth at the University of Massachusetts Lowell for the use of the single screw extruder. The authors thank the U. S. Navy's Waste Reduction Afloat Protects the Sea (WRAPS) Program for supporting this research. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 58 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s10924-008-0079-6 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 382KZ UT WOS:000261606200001 ER PT J AU Marin, R Chang, A Cyhan, T Dinauer, MP AF Marin, Raul Chang, Audrey Cyhan, Tamara Dinauer, Maj Phil TI Rehabilitation implications of stepper exercise technique on exertion and hip extensor muscle activation - A small exploratory study SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE aerobic exercise; gluteus maximus; hip extensor; low back pain; MRI; physical exertion; rehabilitation; RPE; short-stride stepping; stepper exercise ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; INTENSITY; EMG; ENDURANCE; CADENCE; MACHINE; FLEXION; INJURY; LEVEL; WOMEN AB This study evaluated which of two different stair-stepping techniques produced a higher level of perceived physical exertion and whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can identify gluteus maximus activation during stepper exercise and/or differences in gluteus maximus activation between exercise techniques. The study was a prospective, single-blind, randomized, two-period, crossover trial. The stair-stepping techniques were 15-minute sessions of (1) short steps with arms unsupported (Short) or (2) full steps with arms supported (Full). The main outcomes measured were time to reach a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 13, StairMaster console intensity level, volunteers' judgment as the most strenuous technique, and gluteus maximus MRI signal intensity. We found that participants performing the Short exercise technique reached an RPE of 13 sooner (mean difference 105 +/- 54 seconds, p = 0.04) and were unable to reach higher StairMaster intensity levels (mean difference 2.7 +/ 0.2, p < 0.001). Eighty-three percent of subjects declared the Short technique more demanding (p = 0.002). For both group sessions, the MRI signal after exercise was higher than at rest (p < 0.001). We found no MRI differences between stepping techniques. Rehabilitation and conditioning programs may benefit from the Short technique because it is perceived as a more challenging physical training activity; MRI can be used to identify metabolic muscle activation during aerobic exercise. C1 [Marin, Raul; Cyhan, Tamara] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Chang, Audrey] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Dinauer, Maj Phil] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Marin, R (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM raul.marin@na.amedd.army.mil NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2006.08.0105 PG 10 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 290PB UT WOS:000255133600011 PM 18566931 ER PT J AU Vasterling, JJ Schumm, J Proctor, SP Gentry, E King, DW King, LA AF Vasterling, Jennifer J. Schumm, Jeremiah Proctor, Susan P. Gentry, Elisabeth King, Daniel W. King, Lynda A. TI Posttraumatic stress disorder and health functioning in a non-treatment-seeking sample of Iraq war veterans: A prospective analysis SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE functioning; health; health risk behaviors; Iraq war; OIF; PTSD; rehabilitation; soldiers; veterans; VR-12 ID CONFIRMATORY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; REPORTED PHYSICAL HEALTH; ADMINISTERED PTSD SCALE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; VIETNAM VETERANS; ANXIETY DISORDERS; CLINICAL-RESEARCH; SOMATIC SYMPTOMS; COMBAT EXPOSURE AB To evaluate the impact of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on health-related functioning, we assessed 800 U.S. Army soldiers before and after 1-year military deployments to Iraq. As part of the Neurocognition Deployment Health Study procedures, each soldier completed at both time points self-report indexes of PTSD symptom severity, health behaviors (smoking, alcohol use), and somatic health-related functioning. Participants also completed a health-symptom checklist at the postdeployment assessment. Structural equation modeling revealed that postdeployment PTSD severity was associated with change in somatic health-related functioning, with postdeployment health symptoms as an intermediary variable. These relationships were independent of health risk behaviors, which had little association with somatic symptoms or PTSD. Our findings highlight the functional impact of PTSD, which extends beyond psychological symptoms to health-related daily functioning. C1 [Vasterling, Jennifer J.; Gentry, Elisabeth; King, Daniel W.; King, Lynda A.] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Dept Vet Affairs, Boston, MA 02130 USA. [Vasterling, Jennifer J.; King, Daniel W.; King, Lynda A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Vasterling, Jennifer J.; King, Daniel W.; King, Lynda A.] VA Natl Ctr Posttraumat Stress Disorder, Boston, MA USA. [Schumm, Jeremiah] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. [Proctor, Susan P.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Proctor, Susan P.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Vasterling, JJ (reprint author), VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Dept Vet Affairs, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130 USA. EM jennifer.vasterling@va.go NR 73 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 18 U2 21 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2007.05.0077 PG 12 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 320JU UT WOS:000257230300003 PM 18629744 ER PT J AU Dicianno, BE Aguila, ED Cooper, RA Pasquina, PF Clark, MJ Collins, DM Fitzgerald, SG Wichman, TA AF Dicianno, Brad E. Aguila, Eric D. Cooper, Rory A. Pasquina, Paul F. Clark, Mary J. Collins, Diane M. Fitzgerald, Shirley G. Wichman, Todd A. TI Acute mountain sickness in disability and adaptive sports: Preliminary data SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE altitude sickness; brain injuries; headache; military; multiple sclerosis; rehabilitation; spinal cord injuries; sports; veterans; visual impairment ID ALTITUDE ILLNESS AB Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a frequent complication for military personnel, veterans, athletes, and travelers at high altitudes. Symptoms may occur in individuals with less cerebrospinal fluid volume and less ability to accommodate increased brain volume. No studies on AMS exist in individuals with neurological impairments. We studied 64 subjects, including active and sedentary controls and those with tetraplegia, paraplegia, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury at the 2007 National Veterans Winter Sports Clinic in Snowmass, Colorado. Subjects completed three Lake Louise Score surveys to quantify symptoms. We found a higher than expected occurrence of AMS overall (51.6%) but no differences among groups, and few participants sought treatment. Fatigue and weakness were common symptoms. High subject activity levels may explain these findings. More research is warranted on larger sample sizes and on preventative medications and treatments for AMS, especially since many military personnel with neurological impairments are returning to full active service. C1 [Dicianno, Brad E.; Cooper, Rory A.; Collins, Diane M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Human Engn Res Labs, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA. [Dicianno, Brad E.; Cooper, Rory A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA. [Dicianno, Brad E.; Cooper, Rory A.; Collins, Diane M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Rehabil Sci & Technol, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA. [Dicianno, Brad E.; Cooper, Rory A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Bioengn, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA. [Dicianno, Brad E.; Cooper, Rory A.; Collins, Diane M.] Ctr Excellence Wheelchairs & Related Technol, Dept Vet Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Aguila, Eric D.; Pasquina, Paul F.; Wichman, Todd A.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Clark, Mary J.] Grand Junct VA Med Ctr, Grand Junction, CO USA. [Fitzgerald, Shirley G.] James A Haley Tampa VA Med Ctr, Patient Safety Ctr Inquiry, Tampa, FL USA. RP Dicianno, BE (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Human Engn Res Labs, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, 7180 Highland Dr,Bldg 4,2nd Floor E,151R1-H, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA. EM diciannob@herlpitt.org OI Dicianno, Brad/0000-0003-0738-0192 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2008 VL 45 IS 4 BP 479 EP 487 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2007.08.0136 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 331KX UT WOS:000258012200002 PM 18712635 ER PT J AU Pasquina, PF Tsao, JW Collins, DM Chan, BL Charrow, A Karmarkar, AM Cooper, RA AF Pasquina, Paul F. Tsao, Jack W. Collins, Diane M. Chan, Brenda L. Charrow, Alexandra Karmarkar, Amoll M. Cooper, Rory A. TI Quality of medical care provided to service members with combat-related limb amputations: Report of patient satisfaction SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE global war on terrorism; limb amputation; outcomes; patient satisfaction; quality of care; rehabilitation; satisfaction survey; service members; VA; Walter Reed Army Medical Center ID REHABILITATION AB A group of 158 service members who Sustained major limb amputations during the global war on terrorism were Surveyed on their satisfaction with the quality of care received from the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) Amputee Clinic from the time of their injury to their inpatient discharge. Of these participants, 96% were male, 77% were Caucasian, 89% were enlisted personnel, and 68% had sustained lower-limb amputations. WRAMC inpatient therapy, peer visitors, overall medical care, and pain management received particularly high satisfaction ratings. Age, race, rank, and level and side of amputation had little effect oil overall satisfaction ratings. Significant differences, however, were found by location of injury (Iraq vs Afghanistan, Cuba, and Africa) regarding satisfaction with care received while in Europe and with the education process at WRAMC. Study findings strongly support the rehabilitation-based, integrative care approach designed by the U.S. military to care for service members with amputations. C1 [Pasquina, Paul F.; Tsao, Jack W.; Chan, Brenda L.; Charrow, Alexandra] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Collins, Diane M.; Karmarkar, Amoll M.; Cooper, Rory A.] Dept Vet Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Human Engn Res Labs, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Collins, Diane M.; Karmarkar, Amoll M.; Cooper, Rory A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Rehabil Sci & Technol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Collins, DM (reprint author), VAPHS Human Engn Res Labs, 7180 Highland Dr,Bldg 4,2nd Floor,151R1-H, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA. EM dmcst84@pitt.edu RI Karmarkar, Amol/E-6030-2011 OI Karmarkar, Amol/0000-0001-8355-1585 FU Military Amputee Research Program; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; VA Center for Excellence in Wheelchairs and Associated Rehabilitation Engineering [B3142C] FX This material was based on work supported by the Military Amputee Research Program, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and the VA Center for Excellence in Wheelchairs and Associated Rehabilitation Engineering (grant B3142C). NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2008 VL 45 IS 7 BP 953 EP 960 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2007.10.0163 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 387WI UT WOS:000261981900002 PM 19165685 ER PT J AU Gaffer, RL Flanagan, DC Denight, ML Engel, BA AF Gaffer, R. L. Flanagan, D. C. Denight, M. L. Engel, B. A. TI Geographical information system erosion assessment at a military training site SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE geographical information system (GIS); soil erosion precliction; universal soil loss equation; water erosion prediction project; water erosion ID SOIL LOSS EQUATION; FOREST ROADS; WEPP AB US military training facilities often experience significant environmental damage from soil erosion. Much of this erosion occurs on roads and trails created by repeated military vehicle traffic during training operations. If the roads are located on steep slopes or in areas of concentrated runoff, soil loss can be accelerated. A geographical information system software package and a modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) were used to estimate erosion potential at Camp Atterbury located in south-central Indiana. Geospatial interface to the Water Erosion Prediction Project model (GeoWEPP) was also used to estimate soil loss for the camp. Each erosion estimate was overlain with the roads and trails map. Estimated erosion levels on the camp's trafficways with the USLE and GeoWEPP methods were then evaluated with on-site inspections of erosion conditions at Camp Atterbury.A significant correlation was found between predicted and observed erosion for both the modified USLE and GeoWEPP methods.The statistical significance for the USLE and GeoWEPP procedures allows their use in estimating erosion potential for unimproved roads and trails with confidence. C1 [Gaffer, R. L.] Weihe Engineers Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Flanagan, D. C.] USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Denight, M. L.] USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Corps Engineers Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. [Engel, B. A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Gaffer, RL (reprint author), Weihe Engineers Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 63 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 253KX UT WOS:000252518200018 ER PT J AU Amin, A Shriver, CD Henry, LR Lenington, S Peoples, GE Stojadinovic, A AF Amin, Asna Shriver, Craig D. Henry, Leonard R. Lenington, Sarah Peoples, George E. Stojadinovic, Alexander TI Breast cancer screening compliance among young women in a free access Healthcare system SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast cancer screening; electrical impedance imaging; compliance ID SOCIETY GUIDELINES; UNITED-STATES; MAMMOGRAPHY; ADHERENCE; PREDICTORS; CARCINOMA; ETHNICITY; MORTALITY; THERAPY AB Background and Objectives: To examine mammographic screening compliance among young military healthcare beneficiaries and to examine factors related to one time and recent mammographic compliance. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for 1,073 subjects (age 41-47) recording dates of the two most recent screening mammograms. Examined outcomes were: whether the woman ever had mammography and, if so, whether she had a mammogram within 400 days. Examined predictors were: ethnicity, age, Gail Model risk score, family history, whether the woman knew a young woman with breast cancer, and importance attributed to breast cancer screening. Results: 90.4% of women studied had at least one mammogram. 71.1% underwent screening within 400 days. Rates of ever having mammography were higher for women with family history of breast cancer and Asian, Pacific Islander, Black or Hispanic women. No measured covariate correlated with having mammography within 400 days. Conclusions: One time screening participation was high in this select group of women for whom cost and access barriers were removed, but was lower with regard to having a recent mammogram. Correlates of ever having and recent mammography are not synonymous. C1 [Amin, Asna; Shriver, Craig D.; Stojadinovic, Alexander] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Henry, Leonard R.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lenington, Sarah] SGL Biomed Consulting LLC, Ringwood, NJ USA. [Peoples, George E.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Stojadinovic, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 6900 Georgia Ave,Suite 5C27A,NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM alexander.stojadinovic@na.amedd.army.mil NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-4790 J9 J SURG ONCOL JI J. Surg. Oncol. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 97 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1002/jso.20895 PG 5 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 250WT UT WOS:000252332700006 PM 17918226 ER PT J AU Kheirabadi, BS Sieber, J Bukhari, T Rudnicka, K Murcin, LA Tuthill, D AF Kheirabadi, Bijan S. Sieber, Jennifer Bukhari, Tallat Rudnicka, Kiti Murcin, Lara A. Tuthill, David TI High-pressure fibrin sealant foam: An effective hemostatic agent for treating severe parenchymal hemorrhage SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hemorrhage control; fibrin sealant; fibrinogen; hemostasis; animal model; hemostatic foam ID REDUCE BLOOD-LOSS; V LIVER-INJURIES; TISSUE ADHESIVE; TRAUMA; SWINE; SURGERY; PACKING; MODEL; GLUE; MULTICENTER AB Background. The majority of early trauma deaths are related to uncontrolled, noncompressible, parenchymal hemorrhage from truncal injuries. The purpose of this study was to formulate a fibrin sealant foam (FSF) able to control severe parenchymal bleeding without compression or vascular control. Materials and methods. FSF with high fibrinogen concentration (20 mg/mL) and low thrombin activity (5 U/mL) was prepared and pressurized by addition of liquid gas propellant. The efficacy of this foam was tested against a severe parenchymal hemorrhage, created by partial resection of liver lobes in anticoagulated rabbits (n = 7) and compared to untreated injury (n = 8) and placebo treatment (n = 7). The hemostatic efficacy of pressurized FSF (n = 8) was also compared to a commercially available liquid fibrin sealant (n = 8) and a developing dry powdered fibrin sealant product (n = 8) in the same model. Results. The liver injury resulted in 122 +/- 11.5 mL blood loss and death of 75% of untreated rabbits (3.2 +/- 3.4 kg) within 1 h. Treatment with placebo foam had no effect on blood loss or mortality rate. Pressurized FSF significantly reduced bleeding, resulting in 56% (P < 0.05) and 66% (P < 0.01) reduction in blood loss as compared to untreated or placebo-treated animals, respectively, and 100% survival (P = 0.008). When pressurized FSF was compared with liquid and powdered forms of fibrin sealant, only foam significantly reduced blood loss (49%, P < 0.05) and mortality rate (54%, P < 0.05) of rabbits as compared to untreated control animals (n = 9). Conclusion. Biological nature, rapid preparation, coverage of large wound areas, and effective hemostatic properties make pressurized FSF an ideal candidate for treating nonoperable parenchymal injuries in damage control procedures. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kheirabadi, Bijan S.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Sieber, Jennifer; Bukhari, Tallat; Rudnicka, Kiti; Murcin, Lara A.] Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. [Tuthill, David] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Kheirabadi, BS (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Bijan.Eheirabadi@CEN.AMEDD.ARM-Y.MIL NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 144 IS 1 BP 145 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2007.02.012 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 246MA UT WOS:000252009900023 PM 17583744 ER PT J AU Tse, ESH Kogan, Y AF Tse, Elizabeth Suet Hing Kogan, Yaakov TI Architectural designs for a scalable reconfigurable IP router SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article DE reconfigurable computer architecture; single-layer IP networks; hardware upgrade efficiency; emerging technologies ID NETWORK; PERFORMANCE; HARDWARE AB We present two flexible Internet Protocol (IP) router hardware (HW) architectures that enable a router to (1) readily expand in capacity according to network traffic volume growth; and (2) reconfigure its functionalities according to the hierarchical network layer in which it is placed. Reconfigurability is effectuated by a novel method called Methodology for Hardware Unity and an associated functional unit: Special Processing Agent, which can be built using state-of-the-art technology. More specifically, reconfiguration between an "edge" and a "hub" or "backbone" router can be done rapidly via a simple "OPEN/CLOSE" connection approach. Such architectures may, among other benefits, significantly extend the intervals between router HW upgrades for Internet services providers. They can serve as the basis for development of the next generation IP routers, and are directly applicable to the emerging concept of a single-layer IP network architecture. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tse, Elizabeth Suet Hing] USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, AMSRD CER ST WL NS, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. [Kogan, Yaakov] AT&T Labs, Middletown, NJ 07748 USA. RP Tse, ESH (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, AMSRD CER ST WL NS, Bldg 2700,Room 4C-330, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. EM elizatbethsuet.tseau@us.army.mil; yaakovkogan@att.com NR 54 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7621 J9 J SYST ARCHITECT JI J. Syst. Architect. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 197 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.sysarc.2007.06.002 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 311OB UT WOS:000256608400014 ER PT J AU Wereszczak, AA Duffy, SF Baker, EH Swab, JJ Champoux, GJ AF Wereszczak, A. A. Duffy, S. F. Baker, E. H. Swab, J. J. Champoux, G. J. TI Strength of a ceramic sectored flexural test specimen SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE ceramics; strength; sectored flexural specimen; effective area; effective volume; finite-element analysis; Weibull distribution; fractography AB A new test specimen, defined here as the "sectored flexural strength test specimen," was developed to measure the strength of ceramic tubes specifically for circumstances when flaws located at the tube's outer diameter are the strength-limiter when subjected to axial tension. The understanding of such strength-limitation is relevant when ceramic tubes are subjected to bending or when the internal temperature is hotter than the tube's exterior (e.g., heat exchangers). The test specimen is both economically and statistically attractive because eight test specimens (eight in the case of this project-but the user is not necessarily limited to eight) were extracted out of each length of tube. An analytic expression for maximum (or failure) stress, and relationships portraying effective area and effective volume as a function of Weibull modulus were developed. Lastly, it was shown through the testing of two ceramics that the sectored flexural specimen was very effective; it produced failures caused by strength-limiting flaws located on the tube's original outer diameter. C1 [Wereszczak, A. A.; Champoux, G. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Duffy, S. F.] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Duffy, S. F.; Baker, E. H.] Connecticut Reserve Technol Inc, Strongsville, OH 44136 USA. [Swab, J. J.] USA, Res Lab, Ordnance Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wereszczak, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 301JL UT WOS:000255892100003 ER PT J AU Lehman, RA Taylor, BA Rhee, JM Riew, KD AF Lehman, Ronald A., Jr. Taylor, Brett A. Rhee, John M. Riew, K. Daniel TI Cervical laminaplasty SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID OPEN-DOOR LAMINOPLASTY; COMPRESSIVE MYELOPATHY; EXTENSOR MUSCULATURE; STENOTIC MYELOPATHY; LAMINECTOMY; RADICULOPATHY; FUSION; SPINE C1 [Riew, K. Daniel] Barnes Jewish Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Orthopaed Cerv Spine Inst, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Riew, K. Daniel] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Lehman, Ronald A., Jr.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Taylor, Brett A.] Methodist Hosp, St Louis, MO USA. [Rhee, John M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Riew, KD (reprint author), Barnes Jewish Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Orthopaed Cerv Spine Inst, Suite 11300,616 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 PG 10 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 246FN UT WOS:000251993000007 PM 18180392 ER PT J AU Renaud, T O'Brien, D Smith, M Potsdam, M AF Renaud, Thomas O'Brien, David Smith, Marilyn Potsdam, Mark TI Evaluation of isolated fuselage and rotor-fuselage interaction using computational fluid dynamics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 60th Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY JUN 07-10, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Helicopter Soc ID AIRFRAME INTERACTION; UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; HELICOPTER ROTORS; TURBULENT FLOWS; SIMULATION; FLIGHT AB The U.S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AFDD), the French Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales (ONERA), and the Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT), through the United States/France Memorandum of Agreement on Helicopter Aeromechanics, have performed a comparative study of the Dauphin 365N helicopter to analyze the capabilities and weaknesses of state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes, with the aim of fuselage performance prediction and initial investigation of rotor-fuselage interaction. Three Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) flow solvers were evaluated. While force predictions between solvers are fairly equivalent, there exists a discrepancy between the computed forces and the experimental data, partially attributable to geometry model inaccuracies, grid resolution, and possibly turbulence modeling. Details on the grid sensitivity, model geometry sensitivity, and the influence of low Mach number preconditioning are discussed. Rotor-fuselage interactions are performed using uniform and nonuniform actuator disk models to simulate the rotor downwash. C1 [Smith, Marilyn] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Renaud, Thomas] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Meudon, France. [O'Brien, David] USA, Aviat Engn Directorate, Huntsville, AL USA. [Potsdam, Mark] USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate AMRDEC, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Smith, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM marilyn.smith@ae.gatech.edu RI Smith, Marilyn/E-4961-2012 NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 254CZ UT WOS:000252565300001 ER PT J AU Chandrasekhara, MS Martin, PB Tung, C AF Chandrasekhara, M. S. Martin, P. B. Tung, C. TI Compressible dynamic stall performance of a variable droop leading edge airfoil with a Gurney flap SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 42nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2004 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Results of a study using a passive approach to recover the loss of lift that occurred when a variable droop leading edge (VDLE) airfoil was used to successfully control compressible dynamic stall by attaching a small Gurney flap to its trailing edge are reported. Gurney flaps of different heights were tested. The airfoil performance was evaluated by measuring the unsteady pressures while it executed a sinusoidal pitch-up maneuver over a range of Mach numbers from 0.2 to 0.4, at different reduced frequencies, with both static and dynamic leading edge droops. Not only was the "lost" lift recovered completely with a 1% chord-height Gurney flap, the drag and moment coefficients were also dramatically reduced and a lift-to-drag ratio greater than 10 was achieved, making it an acceptable choice for this purpose. The improved performance is explained through the basic fluid mechanics of the problem by discussing the various pressure distributions and the surface vorticity fluxes derived from these. C1 [Chandrasekhara, M. S.] USN, NASA, Naval Postgrad Sch,Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Joint Inst Aerosp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. [Martin, P. B.; Tung, C.] USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, RDECOM, NASA,Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Chandrasekhara, MS (reprint author), USN, NASA, Naval Postgrad Sch,Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Joint Inst Aerosp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. EM Muguru.S.Chandrasekhara@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 254CZ UT WOS:000252565300002 ER PT J AU Moss, PL Au, G Plichta, EJ Zheng, JP AF Moss, P. L. Au, G. Plichta, E. J. Zheng, J. P. TI An Electrical Circuit for Modeling the Dynamic Response of Li-Ion Polymer Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; LITHIUM RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; POROUS-ELECTRODES; PERFORMANCE; DISCHARGE; INSERTION; CELLS; FILMS AB An equivalent electrical circuit model based on parameters taken from ac impedance measurements obtained from a Li-ion polymer battery is simulated in a Matlab/Simulink environment. The model representation contains relevant parameters, including ohmic resistance, slow migration of Li-ions through the surface layers, faradaic charge transfer process, solid-state diffusion of Li-ions, and charge accumulation (intercalation capacitance) within the host material. The model also takes into account the non-homogeneous distribution properties (e.g, particle size, pore geometry) of the electrode which account for deviation from the ideal finite space Warburg behavior. The simulated and experimental results are compared and demonstrate that the impedance model can accurately predict the discharge power performance and transient and dynamic behavior of the Li-ion polymer batteries. (c) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2999375] All rights reserved. C1 [Moss, P. L.; Zheng, J. P.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Au, G.; Plichta, E. J.] USA, Power Div, Army CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. [Zheng, J. P.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Moss, PL (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM zheng@eng.fsu.edu FU U. S. Army CERDEC; National Science Foundation ERC Program FX This work was partially supported by U. S. Army CERDEC and National Science Foundation ERC Program. NR 35 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 48 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 12 BP A986 EP A994 DI 10.1149/1.2999375 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 366KM UT WOS:000260479700019 ER PT J AU Xu, K Deveney, B Nechev, K Lam, Y Jow, TR AF Xu, Kang Deveney, Bridget Nechev, Kamen Lam, Yiufai Jow, T. Richard TI Evaluating LiBOB/Lactone Electrolytes in Large-Format Lithium-Ion Cells Based on Nickelate and Iron Phosphate SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PC-EC SOLUTIONS; THERMAL-STABILITY; LIBOB; BATTERIES; GRAPHITE; SALT; BIS(OXALATO)BORATE; INTERFACE; SAFETY; LIPF6 AB The electrolyte compositions based on lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) and lactones were tested in large-format lithium-ion cells designed for hybrid electric vehicle applications using either LiNi(0.85)Co(0.10)Al(0.05)O(2) or LiFePO(4) cathode chemistry. It was found that the impurity in LiBOB has a significant impact on the cell cycle life, especially at elevated temperatures, where the anodic decomposition of the oxalate impurities and carboxylate remnants accelerates and results in pressure to vent the cell. Recrystallization can essentially remove those detrimental impurities and eliminates the internal gassing. As compared to its LiPF(6) counterparts, purified LiBOB imparts the cells with cycling stability at high temperatures and enhanced safety under abuses of nail penetration and overcharging; however, the more protective interfaces formed by BOB also render lower power densities and poorer performances at subzero temperatures. Considering the trade-off, LiBOB electrolytes may find an application niche with high-temperature and low-to-medium power requirements. (c) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2990708] All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Kang; Jow, T. Richard] USA, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Electron Devices Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Deveney, Bridget; Nechev, Kamen] SAFT Amer Inc, Space & Def Div, Cockeysville, MD 21030 USA. [Lam, Yiufai] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20783 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), USA, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Electron Devices Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM cxu@arl.army.mil FU US Department of Energy [DE-AI01-99EE5061] FX This work was partially funded by the Office of FreedomCar and Vehicle Technologies of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AI01-99EE5061. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 12 BP A959 EP A964 DI 10.1149/1.2990708 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 366KM UT WOS:000260479700014 ER PT J AU Xu, K AF Xu, Kang TI Tailoring electrolyte composition for LiBOB SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE/ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; LITHIUM BIS(OXALATO)BORATE; ION BATTERIES; CONDUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; IMPEDANCE; SALT AB Realizing that organic carbonates might not be the optimum solvents for lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), efforts were made to tailor a "dedicated" electrolyte composition for this new salt. It was discovered that lactone-based cosolvents can effectively dissolve LiBOB up to high concentrations, and the electrolytes thus formulated generate high ionic conductivity as well as low interfacial resistance on graphitic electrode. However, lactones tend to increase the irreversible capacity associated with the 1.70 V reduction process of bis(oxalato)borate (BOB) anion on carbonaceous anode surface, while performances of the lithium-ion cells at elevated temperatures deteriorate with the lactone content. Thus, compromises have to be made by using linear carbonates to suppress the irreversible capacity in the formation cycles and ethylene carbonate to improve the thermal stability of the interfacial films formed. A preliminary study of LiBOB anodic stability on various cathode surfaces seems to indicate that the oxidative decomposition of BOB anion is catalyzed by Co-rich surfaces. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Elect Devices Directorate, Electrochem Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Elect Devices Directorate, Electrochem Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM cxu@arl.army.mil FU Office of FreedomCar; US Department of Energy [DE-AI01-99EE5061] FX This work was partially funded by the Office of FreedomCar and Vehicle Technologies of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AI01-99EE5061. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 10 BP A733 EP A738 DI 10.1149/1.2961055 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 345DO UT WOS:000258976500007 ER PT J AU Zheng, JP Liang, RY Hendrickson, M Plichta, EJ AF Zheng, J. P. Liang, R. Y. Hendrickson, M. Plichta, E. J. TI Theoretical energy density of Li-air batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; LITHIUM/OXYGEN BATTERY; LIMITATIONS; ELECTROLYTES; CELLS AB A model for predication of the gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of Li-air batteries using aqueous electrolytes is developed. The theoretical gravimetric/volumetric capacities and energy densities are calculated based on the minimum weight of the electrolyte and volume of air electrode needed for completion of the electrochemical reaction with Li metal as an anode electrode. It was determined that both theoretical gravimetric/volumetric capacities and energy densities are dependent on the porosity of the air electrode. For instance, at a porosity of 70%, the maximum theoretical cell capacities are 435 mAh/g and 509 mAh/cm(3) in basic electrolyte, and 378 mAh/g and 452 mAh/cm(3) in acidic electrolyte. The maximum theoretical cell energy densities are 1300 Wh/kg and 1520 Wh/L in basic electrolyte, and 1400 Wh/kg and 1680 Wh/L in acidic electrolyte. The significant deduction of cell capacity from specific capacity of Li metal is due to the bulky weight requirement from the electrolyte and air electrode materials. In contrast, the Li-air battery using a nonaqueous electrolyte does not consume electrolyte during the discharge process and has high cell energy density. For Li-air batteries using both aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes, the weight increases by 8-13% and the volume decreases by 8-20% after the cell is fully discharged. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Zheng, J. P.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Zheng, J. P.] Florida A&M Univ, Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Liang, R. Y.] Florida A&M Univ, Florida State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Hendrickson, M.; Plichta, E. J.] USA, Army Power Div, CERDEC, AMSRD CER C2 AP, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Zheng, JP (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM zheng@eng.fsu.edu NR 12 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 7 U2 84 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 6 BP A432 EP A437 DI 10.1149/1.2901961 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 296DQ UT WOS:000255524100005 ER PT J AU Chen, XL Wang, CS Payzant, EA Xia, CR Chu, D AF Chen, Xilin Wang, Chunsheng Payzant, E. Andrew Xia, Changrong Chu, Deryn TI An Oxide Ion and Proton Co-Ion Conducting Sn(0.9)In(0.1)P(2)O(7) Electrolyte for Intermediate-Temperature Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYPHOSPHATE COMPOSITE; IN3+-DOPED SNP2O7; STATE; ATMOSPHERES; PERFORMANCE; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; CERIA AB The ionic conductivity of Sn(0.9)In(0.1)P(2)O(7) ceramic was investigated under various atmospheres within the temperature range of 130-230 degrees C. Similar to mixed-conductive perovskite oxides at high temperatures (such as SrCe(0.95)Yb(0.05)O(3-alpha,)La(0.9)Sr(0.1)Ga(0.8)Mg(0.2)O(3-alpha) at 600-1000 degrees C), Sn(0.9)In(0.1)P(2)O(7) can conduct both protons and oxide ions at low temperatures (130-230 degrees C). The conductivity of Sn(0.9)In(0.1)P(2)O(7) reaches 0.019 S/cm at 200 degrees C in wet nitrogen. Its transport numbers determined by steam concentration cells are around 0.76 for a proton and 0.12 for an oxide ion. The performance of direct methanol fuel cells at 170 degrees C using mixed-ion conductive Sn(0.9)In(0.1)P(2)O(7) electrolyte is higher than that at 235 degrees C using pure proton conductive CsH(2)PO(4) electrolyte. This is attributed to direct oxidation of CO at the anode by the oxide ions generated at the cathode and moved through the Sn(0.9)In(0.1)P(2)O(7) electrolyte. (c) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2988135] All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Xilin; Wang, Chunsheng] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Payzant, E. Andrew] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Xia, Changrong] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Chu, Deryn] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chen, XL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cswang@umd.edu RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Xia, Changrong/D-5351-2009; Chen, Xilin/A-1409-2012; Wang, Chunsheng/H-5767-2011 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Wang, Chunsheng/0000-0002-8626-6381 FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-06-1-0187]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under grant no. W911NF-06-1-0187. Partial work was done at Tennessee Technological University. The XRD analysis is sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 NR 31 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 12 BP B1264 EP B1269 DI 10.1149/1.2988135 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 366KM UT WOS:000260479700025 ER PT J AU Jiang, RZ Chu, D AF Jiang, Rongzhong Chu, Deryn TI Water crossover: A challenge to DMFC system I. Experimental determination of water crossover SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METHANOL FUEL-CELL; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; POWER; PERFORMANCE; TRANSPORT; MEMBRANES; ELECTROREDUCTION; ELECTROOXIDATION; OXIDATION AB Water and fuel crossover in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) stack under various operating conditions were quantitatively determined by a method of mass balance analysis of fuel and water. With increasing the discharge voltage, the fuel crossover rate increases, but the water crossover decreases slightly. With increasing the operating temperature, both the water and fuel crossover rates increase significantly. The amount of water permeated across the electrolyte membrane is as much as eight times that of water produced by methanol electrochemical oxidation at the anode. There are three types of water crossover, including proton osmotic drag, methanol migration drag, and water spontaneous crossover. For a 24-cell DMFC stack that uses 1.0 M methanol and operates at 62 degrees C under 8 V discharge, the water crossover rates for proton osmotic drag, methanol migration drag, and water spontaneous crossover are 0.661, 0.243, and 1.186 mg min(-1) cell(-1) cm(-2), respectively. Among them, water spontaneous crossover is the most significant. There is a significant portion of water evaporation at the cathode outlet which is highly dependent on the operating conditions and relative humidity. Water crossover and evaporation result in great challenges for a DMFC system to recycle the cathode water. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Jiang, Rongzhong; Chu, Deryn] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jiang, RZ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM rjiang@arl.army.mil NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 8 BP B798 EP B803 DI 10.1149/1.2929815 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 323CM UT WOS:000257421600011 ER PT J AU Jiang, RZ Chu, D AF Jiang, Rongzhong Chu, Deryn TI Water crossover: A challenge to DMFC system II. Simulation of water recycling in a 20 w DMFC system SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METHANOL FUEL-CELLS; TRANSPORT; MEMBRANE; PERFORMANCE AB Variations of methanol concentration and solution volume in an anode water tank with operating time in a 20 W direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) system that uses pure methanol and recycles the cathode water were simulated. The basic parameters for simulation of the DMFC system were acquired from a model DMFC stack. Many factors in a DMFC system design, such as the average cell voltage, operating temperature, water recycling percentage, and initial solution volume, affect water consumption, generation, and evaporation significantly, and in turn, cause gradual changes of methanol concentration and solution volume. The water generation rate varies significantly with operating temperature, but only slightly with average cell voltage. At 62 and 42 degrees C, the generation rates of recyclable water are 1.44 and 0.88 g/min, respectively, for a DMFC system using 1.0 M methanol in an anode water tank and operating at 8.0 V (or average cell voltage 0.33 V). To balance water consumption and generation, it is necessary to recycle 98% water at an average cell voltage of 0.42 V, and to recycle 90% water at an average cell voltage of 0.33 V for the DMFC system operating at 62 degrees C. Only 80% water needs to be recycled for the same DMFC system at an operating temperature of 42 degrees C and average cell voltage of 0.33 V. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Jiang, Rongzhong; Chu, Deryn] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jiang, RZ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM rjiang@art.army.mil NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 8 BP B804 EP B810 DI 10.1149/1.2929817 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 323CM UT WOS:000257421600012 ER PT J AU Opsenica, IM Smith, KK Gerena, L Gaica, S Solaja, BA AF Opsenica, Igor M. Smith, Kirsten K. Gerena, Lucia Gaica, Sandra Solaja, Bogdan A. TI Ribofuranose as a carrier of tetraoxane and 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial pharmacophores SO JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tetraoxanes; 4-aminoquinolines; malaria; P. falciparum ID ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY; ACID-DERIVATIVES; ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL AB Several tetraoxane and 4-aminoquinoline molecules were prepared in order to examine the influence of ribofuranose as a carrier molecule on the antimalarial activity of test compounds. The synthesized compounds showed pronounced antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine susceptible D6, chloroquine resistant W2 and multidrug-resistant TM91C235 (Thailand) strains. The aminoquinoline derivative 4 was more active against W2 and TM91C235 strains than the control compounds (CQ and MFQ). C1 [Opsenica, Igor M.; Solaja, Bogdan A.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Smith, Kirsten K.; Gerena, Lucia] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Gaica, Sandra] Inst Chem Technol & Met, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. RP Solaja, BA (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, Studentski Trg 16,POB 158, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. EM bsolaja@chem.bg.ac.yu RI Opsenica, Igor/P-5308-2016; OI Opsenica, Igor/0000-0003-4942-4042; Solaja, Bogdan/0000-0002-9975-2725 FU Ministry of Science of the Republic of Serbia [142022]; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Science of the Republic of Serbia (Grant No. 142022) and the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. The material has been reviewed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. There is no objection to its presentation or publication. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the true views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOC PI BELGRADE PA KARNEGIJEVA 4, 11 120 BELGRADE, SERBIA SN 0352-5139 J9 J SERB CHEM SOC JI J. Serb. Chem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1021 EP 1025 DI 10.2298/JSC0811021O PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 374VA UT WOS:000261070600001 ER PT J AU Reifenrath, WG Kammen, HO Reddy, G Major, MA Leach, GJ AF Reifenrath, William G. Kammen, Harold O. Reddy, Gunda Major, Michael A. Leach, Glenn J. TI Interaction of hydration, aging, and carbon content of soil on the evaporation and skin bioavailability of munition contaminants SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID PENETRATION; MODEL AB Water plays a key role in enhancing the permeability of human skin to many substances. To further understand its ability to potentially increase the bioavailabililty of soil contaminants, artificial sweat was applied to excised pig skin prior to dosing with munition-contaminated soils. Skin was mounted in chambers to allow simultaneous measurement of evaporation and penetration and to control air flow, which changed the dwell time of skin surface water within a l-h period post application of test materials. Additional variables included type of compound, aging of spiked soil samples, and carbon content of soil. To this end, the evaporation and skin penetration of C-14 labeled hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (26DNT), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were determined from two soil types, Yolo, having 1.2% carbon, and Tinker, having 9.5% carbon. RDX soil samples aged 27 mo and 62 mo were compared to freshly spiked soils samples. Similarly, 26DNT samples aged 35-36 mo and TNT samples aged 18 mo were compared to freshly spiked samples. Approximately 10 g/cm2 of radiolabeled compound was applied in 10 mu mg/cm(2) of soil. Radiolabel recovered from the dermis and tissue culture media (receptor fluid) was summed to determine percent absorption from the soils. Radiolabel recovered from vapor traps determined evaporation. Mean skin absorption of all compounds was higher for low-carbon soil, regardless of soil age and skin surface water as affected by air flow conditions. For 26DNT, a simultaneous increase in evaporation and penetration with conditions that favored enhanced soil hydration of freshly prepared samples was consistent with a mechanism that involved water displacement of 26DNT from its binding sites. A mean penetration of 17.5 +/- 3.6% was observed for 26DNT in low-carbon soil, which approached the value previously reported for acetone vehicle (24 +/- 6%). 26DNT penetration was reduced to 0.35% under dryer conditions and to 0.08% when no sweat was applied. When soil hydration conditions were not varied from cell to cell, air flow that favored a longer water dwell time increased penetration, but not evaporation, consistent with a mechanism of enhanced skin permeability from a higher hydration state of the stratum corneum. Profiles of 26DNT penetration versus air flow conditions were exponential for freshly prepared soil samples, suggesting strong and weak binding sites; corresponding profiles of 26DNT penetration from aged samples were linear, suggesting a conversion of weak to strong binding sites. Absorption and evaporation was less than 5% for TNT and less than 1% for RDX, regardless of soil type and age. Fresh preparations of RDX in Tinker soil and aged samples of TNT in Yolo soil showed a significant decrease in skin absorption with loss of surface moisture. The penetration rate of radiolabel into the receptor fluid was highest during the 1-2 h interval after dosing with 26DNT or TNT. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of 26DNT in receptor fluid at maximum flux indicated no metabolism or breakdown. For TNT, however, extensive conversion to monoamino derivatives and other metabolites was observed. Relatively little radioactivity was found in the dermis after 26DNT and TNT applications, and dermal extracts were therefore not analyzed by HPLC. RDX was not sufficiently absorbed from soils to allow HPLC analysis. This study has practical significance, as the use of water for dust control at remediation sites may have the unintended effect of increasing volatilization and susequent absorption of soil contaminants. Soil in contact with sweaty skin may give the same result. Skin absorption of 26DNT from soil was over 50-fold higher than the value for dryer skin and over 200-fold higher than the value obtained when there was no sweat application. While the hydration effect was less dramatic for RDX and TNT, soil contaminants more closely matching the physical properties of 26DNT may be similarly affected by hydration. C1 [Reifenrath, William G.; Kammen, Harold O.] Stratacor Inc, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Reddy, Gunda; Major, Michael A.; Leach, Glenn J.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewater, MD USA. RP Reifenrath, WG (reprint author), Stratacor Inc, 1315 So 46th St,Bldg 154, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM wgr@stratacor-inc.com NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 8 BP 486 EP 494 DI 10.1080/15287390801906956 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 286BT UT WOS:000254821100004 PM 18338283 ER PT J AU LaFiandra, EM Babbitt, KJ Sower, SA AF LaFiandra, Emily May Babbitt, Kimberly J. Sower, Stacia A. TI Effects of atrazine on anuran development are altered by the presence of a nonlethal predator SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID TADPOLE XENOPUS-LAEVIS; FROG RANA-PIPIENS; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; HERBICIDE ATRAZINE; AROMATASE-ACTIVITY; METAMORPHOSIS; GROWTH; INSECTICIDE; AVOIDANCE AB Although predator-induced stress is a common biotic factor in aquatic communities that can strongly influence anuran development, there have been no studies to date that examined the interaction between this factor and atrazine, the most widely used pesticide in the United States. The potential synergistic effects of atrazine (0, 20, or 200 mu g/L) and predatory stress on the survival, growth, development, and reproductive development of Hyla versicolor (gray treefrog) tadpoles were investigated. Atrazine reduced the proportion of tadpoles reaching metamorphosis; however, this effect was modified by the presence of a nonlethal predator. The combined effects of predatory stress and exposure to 200 mu g/L atrazine resulted in the lowest proportion of tadpoles reaching metamorphosis. No treatment effects were observed for mass, snout-urostyle length, or the proportion of metamorphs that were male or female. No macroscopic gonadal anomalies were observed. Many gonads were underdeveloped; however, gonadal development was more advanced in metamorphs exposed to 200 mu g/L atrazine. This effect was modified by the presence of a nonlethal predator such that female gonadal development was further accelerated and male gonadal development was retarded by predatory stress. These results indicate that simplified laboratory studies may not accurately reflect the effects of atrazine on anuran development in natural communities. C1 [LaFiandra, Emily May; Babbitt, Kimberly J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sower, Stacia A.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP LaFiandra, EM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, MCHB TS THE, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM emily.lafiandra@us.army.mil NR 44 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 8 BP 505 EP 511 DI 10.1080/15287390801907442 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 286BT UT WOS:000254821100006 PM 18338285 ER PT J AU Mann, EA Salinas, J Pidcoke, HF Wolf, SE Holcomb, JB Wade, CE AF Mann, Elizabeth A. Salinas, Jose Pidcoke, Heather F. Wolf, Steven E. Holcomb, John B. Wade, Charles E. TI Error rates resulting from anemia can be corrected in multiple commonly used point-of-care glucometers SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 66th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 27-29, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma DE glucometer error; hypoglycemia; hematocrit effect; diagnostic accuracy ID CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; INTENSIVE INSULIN THERAPY; BLOOD-CELL TRANSFUSION; GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT; BURN INJURY; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; UNIT; MULTICENTER AB Background: A point-of-care (POC) glucometer (G1) used for critical care at our institution is inaccurate in the presence of low hematocrit (HCT) values. The purpose of this study was to analyze error rates of three additional POC glucometer brands and determine mathematical correction formulas for each. Methods: Blood samples (n = 196) from a cohort of surgical, trauma, medical, cardiothoracic, and burn intensive care unit patients were tested on three commonly used POC glucometer brands (G2-G4). Results were compared with reference laboratory values, and correction compared with the validated formula for G1. A mathematical formula specific to each glucometer type was derived from glucose measurements, associated HCT values, and the degree of difference relative to laboratory results. Results: POC glucometer results were consistently elevated compared with reference laboratory values. Glucometer error rates for HCT <= 5 25% ranged from 15.4% to 22.3% for the three types. Error rates for 25% < HCT < 34% ranged from 16.4% to 18.4%. A correction formula for each glucometer based on the natural log transformation of the HCT predicted reference values with a mean error rate of -0.54% 5.6% for G2, -0.6% 5.5% for G3, and 0.2% +/- 8.0% for G4. Correction was similar to that previously established for G1 (-0.01% +/- 4.8). conclusions: Significant error rates because of HCT effect were found in all glucometer models tested with accurate prediction of reference values with a simple mathematical formula. C1 [Mann, Elizabeth A.; Salinas, Jose; Pidcoke, Heather F.; Wolf, Steven E.; Holcomb, John B.; Wade, Charles E.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Mann, EA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM elizabeth.mann@us.amedd.army.mil OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0003-2972-3440 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1 R01 GM06310-04] NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2008 VL 64 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e318160b9e4 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 250UE UT WOS:000252325700004 PM 18188093 ER PT J AU Delgado, AV Kheirabadi, BS Fruchterman, TM Scherer, M Cortez, D Wade, CE Dubick, MA Holcomb, JB AF Delgado, Angel V. Kheirabadi, Bijan S. Fruchterman, Todd M. Scherer, Michael Cortez, Douglas Wade, Charles E. Dubick, Michael A. Holcomb, John B. TI A novel biologic hemostatic dressing (fibrin patch) reduces blood loss and resuscitation volume and improves survival in hypothermic, coagulopathic swine with grade V liver injury SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 16-20, 2007 CL Ft Myers, FL SP Eastern Assoc Surg Trauma DE hemorrhage; coagulopathy; hypothermia; hemostasis; dressing; swine ID DAMAGE CONTROL SURGERY; SEALANT DRESSINGS; TRAUMA; HEMORRHAGE; MORTALITY; ALBUMIN; CARE AB Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of a biologic hemostatic fibrin patch (FP) to control coagulopathic bleeding and prevent death in a porcine model of severe liver injury with hemodilution and hypothermia. Methods: Coagulopathy was produced in swine by exchanging 60% of the animals' circulating blood volume with Hextend and lowering the core temperature to 32.0 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C. A grade V liver injury was induced and allowed to bleed freely for 30 seconds (pretreatment blood loss). Animals were randomly divided into three treatment groups: hepatic packing (HP) using laparotomy sponges, FP application plus HP, or placebo. patch (PP) application plus HP. Animals were resuscitated to 80% of the preinjury mean arterial pressure. Core temperature, mean arterial pressure, and survival were monitored for 1 hour postinjury. Packs were removed from the animals that survived to 1 hour and they were monitored for an additional hour. Results: Coagulopathy was confirmed by significant increases (p < 0.01) in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and activated clotting time in preinjury measurements as compared with baseline values. Pretreatment blood loss was not different among the groups. However, significant (p < 0.01) differences were observed in the posttreatment blood loss (772 mL +/- 340 mL, 4,977 mL +/- 440 mL, 4,173 mL +/- 608 mL), as well as the required fluid resuscitation volume (994 mL +/- 26 mL, 4,083 mL +/- 185 mL, 3,494 mL +/- 492 mL), between FP versus PP or HP groups, respectively. In addition, 89 % of FP animals survived the 2-hour observation with an average survival time of 111 minutes +/- 9 minutes, which was significantly higher than the PP (0% survival, 39 minutes +/- 4 minutes) or HP (13% survival, 41 minutes +/- 12 minutes) groups. Conclusion: FP with packing effectively controlled coagulopathic bleeding and prevented death in a model of grade V liver injury in which HP alone (standard of care) was ineffective. C1 [Delgado, Angel V.; Kheirabadi, Bijan S.; Scherer, Michael; Cortez, Douglas; Wade, Charles E.; Dubick, Michael A.; Holcomb, John B.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Delgado, AV (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM angel.delgado@amedd.army.mil NR 28 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2008 VL 64 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31815b843c PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 250UE UT WOS:000252325700017 PM 18188102 ER PT J AU Allen, AW Varma, MK Meyermann, MW AF Allen, Anthony W. Varma, Manish K. Meyermann, Mark W. TI The Chait trapdoor cecostomy catheter: An alternative access device to pigtail catheters for chronic cholecystostomy drains SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Interventional-Radiology (SIR) CY MAR 27-APR 01, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Soc Intervent Radiol ID CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; PERCUTANEOUS CHOLECYSTOSTOMY; ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS; EFFICACY AB Acute cholecystitis is a well known complication in the critically ill patient population. These patients are often at high risk for morbidity and mortality associated with cholecystectomy. Percutaneous cholecystostomy has been shown to be an effective procedure in the treatment of acute cholecystitis in this patient population. Some patients require prolonged catheter drainage before definitive therapy. In four patients with patent cystic ducts, standard drainage catheters were exchanged for 10.2-F Chait pediatric cecostomy catheters. The low profile of the catheter and the "Trapdoor" feature allow maintenance and increased patient satisfaction while maintaining drainage and access. C1 [Allen, Anthony W.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Intervent Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. [Meyermann, Mark W.] William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. [Allen, Anthony W.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol Radiol Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Varma, Manish K.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Intervent Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Allen, AW (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Intervent Radiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr,Bldg 3600,MCHE-DR, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. EM anthony.w.allen@amedd.army.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1051-0443 J9 J VASC INTERV RADIOL JI J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 BP 137 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.jvir.2007.08.020 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 258FG UT WOS:000252853200022 PM 18192480 ER PT J AU Michalsen, DR Haller, MC Suh, KD AF Michalsen, David R. Haller, Merrick C. Suh, Kyung Duck TI Wave reflection from nearshore depressions SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID MILD-SLOPE EQUATION; 2-DIMENSIONAL BATHYMETRIC ANOMALIES; RAPIDLY VARYING TOPOGRAPHY; SAND MINING OFFSHORE; TRANSITIONS IN-DEPTH; BEACH NOURISHMENT; SHORELINE CHANGES; WATER-WAVES; REFRACTION; TRANSFORMATION AB This study employs an existing finite-difference model based on the hyperbolic form of the modified mild slope equation (MMSE) to investigate wave reflection near bathymetric depressions such as dredged borrow pits and nearshore canyons. First, the model is tested for numerical limitations on the higher order bottom slope and curvature terms using idealized cases of a simple depth transition and a symmetric trapezoidal trench, with comparisons of the MMSE to both the traditional mild slope equation (MSE) solution and a shallow water analytic solution. It is demonstrated that the model gives accurate solutions on slopes as steep as 1:1, and that the solutions from all three models agree in the shallow water region. However, for waves in intermediate depths, predicted wave reflection from nearshore depressions is shown to differ significantly between the MMSE and MSE models. Next, geometrical data from a wide range of existing and proposed borrow pits and a submarine canyon are gathered and analyzed for whether wave reflection is an important process near realistic nearshore depressions. The geometric data show that realistic nearshore depressions lie within the tested range of the MMSE model and that borrow pits are generally not in shallow water, which means it is important to use a MMSE-type model to calculate reflection from these features. In addition, storm conditions on average lead to a 50% increase in reflection coefficient in comparison to the mean wave conditions, due to the increase in wave period. Finally, the results also indicate borrow pit design criteria that can be used to ensure minimal reflection. C1 [Michalsen, David R.] US Army Corps Engn, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Haller, Merrick C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Suh, Kyung Duck] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Civil, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Suh, Kyung Duck] Seoul Natl Univ, Geosyst Engn & Engn Res Inst, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Michalsen, DR (reprint author), US Army Corps Engn, Seattle Dist,POB 3755, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. EM david.r.michalsen@usace.army.mil; hallerm@engr.orst.edu; kdsuh@snu.ac.kr RI Haller, Merrick/J-8191-2012; Suh, Kyung-Duck/D-4215-2011 OI Haller, Merrick/0000-0002-8760-4362; NR 49 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 134 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-95OX(2008)134:1(1) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 262CL UT WOS:000253126500001 ER PT J AU Panchang, V Zhang, J Demirbilek, Z AF Panchang, Vijay Zhang, Jianfeng Demirbilek, Zeki TI Incorporating rubble mound jetties in elliptic harbor wave models SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID ENTRANCE CHANNELS; PROPAGATION; DIFFRACTION; DISSIPATION; SIMULATION; REFRACTION; EQUATION AB Simulation models based on the elliptic mild- or steep-slope wave equation are frequently used to estimate wave properties needed for harbor engineering calculations. To enhance the practical applicability of such models, a method is developed to accommodate the effects of rubble mound structures that are frequently found along the sides of harbor entrance channels. The results of this method are found to match those of other mathematical models under appropriate conditions but also to deviate from those of parabolic approximations in some cases as a consequence of increased angular scattering induced by dissipation. Comparison with hydraulic model data also shows that this approach is useful for designing pocket wave absorbers that are used to attenuate wave heights in entrance channels. C1 [Panchang, Vijay; Zhang, Jianfeng] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Maritime Syst Engn, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Demirbilek, Zeki] USA, Engn R&D Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Panchang, V (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Maritime Syst Engn, 200 Seawolf Pkwy, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. EM panchanv@tamug.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 134 IS 1 BP 40 EP 52 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-95OX(2008)134:1(40) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 262CL UT WOS:000253126500005 ER PT J AU Rocke, TE Smith, S Marinari, P Kreeger, J Enama, JT Powel, BS AF Rocke, Tonie E. Smith, Susan Marinari, Paul Kreeger, Julie Enama, Jeffrey T. Powel, Bradford S. TI Vaccination with F1-V fusion protein protects black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) against plague upon oral challenge with Yersinia pestis SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE black-footed ferrets; F1-V protein; sylvatic plague; vaccine; Yersinia pestis ID ANTIGENS AB Previous studies have established that vaccination of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) with F1-V fusion protein by subcutaneous (SC) injection protects the animals against plague upon injection of the bacterium Yersinia pestis. This study demonstrates that the F1-V antigen can Also protect ferrets against plague contracted via ingestion of a Y. pestis-infected mouse, a probable route for natural infection. Eight black-footed ferret kits were vaccinated with F1-V protein by SC injection at approximately 60 days-of-age. A booster vaccination was administered 3 mo later via SC injection. Four additional ferret kits received placebos. The animals were challenged 6 wk after the boost by feeding each one a Y. pestis-infected mouse. All eight vaccinates survived challenge, while the four controls succumbed to plague within 3 days after exposure. To determine the duration of antibody postvaccination, 18 additional black-footed ferret kits were vaccinated and boosted with F1-V by SC injection at 60 and 120 days-of-age. High titers to both F1 and V (mean reciprocal titers of 18,552 and 99,862, respectively) were found in all vaccinates up to 2 yr postvaccination, whereas seven control animals remained antibody negative throughout the same time period. C1 [Rocke, Tonie E.; Smith, Susan] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Marinari, Paul] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Black Footed Ferret Conservat Ctr, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. [Kreeger, Julie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Black Footed Ferret Conservat Ctr, Wheatland, WY 82201 USA. [Enama, Jeffrey T.; Powel, Bradford S.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM Tonie_Rocke@usgs.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 10 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 262VW UT WOS:000253177100001 PM 18263816 ER PT B AU Hannah, ST Eggers, JT Jennings, PL AF Hannah, Sean T. Eggers, John T. Jennings, Peter L. BE Graen, GB Graen, JA TI COMPLEX ADAPTIVE LEADERSHIP Defining What Constitutes Effective Leadership for Complex Organizational Contexts SO KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN CORPORATION: COMPLEX CREATIVE DESTRUCTION SE LMX Leadership Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PATH-GOAL THEORY; MEMBER EXCHANGE; SELF-COMPLEXITY; TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP; PERFORMANCE; MODEL; PERSPECTIVE; PERSONALITY; IDENTITY; LMX AB This chapter offers a multilevel framework for what we term complex adaptive leadership (CAL). At the macro level, we draw front complexity theory and social network theory to explain how social interactions over diverse: social networks results in emergent behavioral dynamics. At. the micro level, we draw from cognitive complexity research to explain how leader complexity, and particularly self-comptexity, enables the requisite variety of leader behaviors to respond to the demands of complex leadership challenges. We then converge macro and micro perspectives into a meso-level construct, CAL, to explain how leaders influence organizational adaptation and performance. Our model should be particularly useful for creating new flexible organizations for the knowledge era. C1 [Hannah, Sean T.] US Mil Acad, Leadership & Management Programs, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Eggers, John T.] Natl Inst Correct, Fed Bur Prisons, Acad Div, Aurora, CO USA. [Jennings, Peter L.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Eggers, John T.] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Hannah, ST (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Leadership & Management Programs, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 163 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 9 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-59311-941-6 J9 LMX LEADERSH SER PY 2008 BP 79 EP 124 PG 46 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BKA18 UT WOS:000267577200005 ER PT S AU Liebowitz, J Beckman, T AF Liebowitz, Jay Beckman, Tom BE BecerraFernandez, I Leidner, D TI MOVING TOWARD A KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT MATURITY MODEL (K3M) FOR DEVELOPING KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND IMPLEMENTATION PLANS SO KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: AN EVOLUTIONARY REVIEW SE Advances in Management Information Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Knowledge Management; Maturity Model; Learning; Business Strategy; Competencies; Knowledge Management Strategy AB Most of the current research addressing knowledge management ( KM) strategy and implementation has focused on ad hoc approaches. Unfortunately, without the necessary rigor behind these approaches, KM will become the "management fad of the day" and will fall into demise (similar to the 70% failure rate estimated in business process reengineering projects). To further advance the KM field and to give senior management a stronger sense of trust in the "tangible" advantages of KM in their organizations, a comprehensive KM maturity model (K3M) is needed. K3M, as discussed in this paper, provides a model for KM development and strategy formulation to ensure greater success of KM implementation efforts. K3M is unique as it is the first KM maturity model that is based on learning, competencies, and business strategy. C1 [Liebowitz, Jay] Johns Hopkins Univ, Carey Business Sch, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Liebowitz, Jay] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Liebowitz, Jay] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Liebowitz, Jay] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Liebowitz, Jay] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Liebowitz, J (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Carey Business Sch, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DRIVE, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 1554-6152 BN 978-0-7656-1637-1 J9 ADV MANAG INFORM SYS PY 2008 VL 12 BP 163 EP 179 PG 17 WC Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA BUB73 UT WOS:000288748900010 ER PT J AU Dalavoy, TS Wernette, DP Gong, MJ Sweedler, JV Lu, Y Flachsbart, BR Shannon, MA Bohn, PW Cropek, DM AF Dalavoy, Tulika S. Wernette, Daryl P. Gong, Maojun Sweedler, Jonathan V. Lu, Yi Flachsbart, Bruce R. Shannon, Mark A. Bohn, Paul W. Cropek, Donald M. TI Immobilization of DNAzyme catalytic beacons on PMMA for Pb2+ detection SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID NANOCAPILLARY ARRAY MEMBRANES; RNA-CLEAVING DEOXYRIBOZYME; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); DNA MICROARRAYS; LEAD; FABRICATION; BIOSENSORS; MUTATIONS; SURFACES; DEVICE AB Due to the numerous toxicological effects of lead, its presence in the environment needs to be effectively monitored. Incorporating a biosensing element within a microfluidic platform enables rapid and reliable determinations of lead at trace levels. A microchip-based lead sensor is described here that employs a lead-specific DNAzyme (also called catalytic DNA or deoxyribozyme) as a recognition element that cleaves its complementary substrate DNA strand only in the presence of cationic lead (Pb2+). Fluorescent tags on the DNAzyme translate the cleavage events to measurable, optical signals proportional to Pb2+ concentration. The DNAzyme responds sensitively and selectively to Pb2+, and immobilizing DNAzyme in the sensor permits both sensor regeneration and localization of the detection zone. Here, the DNAzyme has been immobilized on a PMMA surface using the highly specific biotin-streptavidin interaction. The strategy includes using streptavidin physisorbed on a PMMA surface to immobilize DNAzyme both on planar PMMA and on the walls of a PMMA microfluidic device. The immobilized DNAzyme retains its Pb2+ detection activity in the microfluidic device and can be regenerated and reused. The DNAzyme shows no response to other common metal cations and the presence of these contaminants does not interfere with the lead-induced fluorescence signal. While prior work has shown lead-specific catalytic DNA can be used in its solubilized form and while attached to gold substrates to quantitate Pb2+ in solution, this is the first use of the DNAzyme immobilized within a microfluidic platform for real time Pb2+ detection. C1 [Dalavoy, Tulika S.; Cropek, Donald M.] USA Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. [Dalavoy, Tulika S.; Wernette, Daryl P.; Gong, Maojun; Sweedler, Jonathan V.; Lu, Yi] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dalavoy, Tulika S.; Wernette, Daryl P.; Gong, Maojun; Sweedler, Jonathan V.; Lu, Yi] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Flachsbart, Bruce R.; Shannon, Mark A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bohn, Paul W.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bohn, Paul W.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Cropek, DM (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. EM Donald.M.Cropek@usace.army.mil RI Lu, Yi/B-5461-2010; Gong, Maojun/C-3014-2011; Sweedler, Jonathan/A-9405-2009 OI Lu, Yi/0000-0003-1221-6709; Sweedler, Jonathan/0000-0003-3107-9922 NR 25 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 786 EP 793 DI 10.1039/b718624j PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 292OT UT WOS:000255276700021 PM 18432350 ER PT J AU Bonvicino, A Huitron, S Fadare, O AF Bonvicino, A. Huitron, S. Fadare, O. TI Papanicolaou test interpretations of "Atypical Squamous Cells, Cannot Exclude High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion": An investigation of requisite duration and number of colposcopic procedures to a definitive diagnosis of high grade dysplasia in routine practice SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 312 BP 70A EP 70A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181100312 ER PT J AU Furusato, B DeRosa, CA Chen, Y Ravindranath, L Cook, C Cullen, J McLeod, DG Srivastava, S Petrovics, G Sesterhenn, IA AF Furusato, B. DeRosa, C. A. Chen, Y. Ravindranath, L. Cook, C. Cullen, J. McLeod, D. G. Srivastava, S. Petrovics, G. Sesterhenn, I. A. TI Elevated secreted protein, acidic, and rich in cysteine (SPARC) mRNA expression in neoplastic prostate epithelial cells correlates with PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 712 BP 157A EP 157A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181100712 ER PT J AU Mwamukonda, KB Furusato, B Sesterhenn, IA Chen, Y McLead, DG AF Mwamukonda, K. B. Furusato, B. Sesterhenn, I. A. Chen, Y. McLead, D. G. TI Lymphatic invasion in pathologic stage T3 radical prostatectomy specimens as a predictor of biochemical progression SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 788 BP 172A EP 173A PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181100788 ER PT J AU Gorospe, ME Cruser, DK Taylor, AW Collins, SS Vos, JA AF Gorospe, M. E. Cruser, D. K. Taylor, A. W. Collins, S. S. Vos, J. A. TI Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is an efficient and accurate method for variant hemoglobin analysis: A study of 662 patients comparing CZE and high-performance liquid chromatography SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 1662 BP 365A EP 365A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181101790 ER PT S AU Dubinskii, M Ter-Gabrielyan, N Merkle, LD Newburgh, GA Ikesue, A AF Dubinskii, Mark Ter-Gabrielyan, Nikolay Merkle, Larry D. Newburgh, G. Alex Ikesue, Akio BE Dubinskii, M Wood, GL TI First laser performance of Er3+-doped scandia (Sc2O3) ceramic - art. no. 69520O SO LASER SOURCE TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Source Technology for Defense and Security IV CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Er-doped materials; diode-pumped; eye-safe; solid-state lasers AB Remote monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) is becoming increasingly important for homeland security needs as well as for studying the CO2 distribution in the atmosphere as it pertains to global warming problems. So, efficient solid-state lasers emitting in the 1.55 - 1.65 mu m spectral range, where CO2 absorption lines are, (i), plentiful and, (ii), carry significant relevant information, are in great demand. Reported here is the first laser performance of resonantly pumped Er3+-doped scandia (SC2O3) ceramic. The laser was operated in the cryogenically-cooled regime with the quantum defect (QD) of only 4.5%, which, along with superior thermal conductivity of scandia, offers significant eye-safe power scaling potential with nearly diffraction limited beam quality. Slope efficiency of 77% and Q-CW output power of 2.35 W were obtained at 1605.5 nm which has significant utility for counter-IED applications. C1 [Dubinskii, Mark; Ter-Gabrielyan, Nikolay; Merkle, Larry D.; Newburgh, G. Alex] USA, AMSRD ARL SE EO, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dubinskii, M (reprint author), USA, AMSRD ARL SE EO, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7143-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6952 BP O9520 EP O9520 DI 10.1117/12.782758 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHX03 UT WOS:000257137500019 ER PT S AU Dubinskii, M Ter-Mikirtychev, V Zhang, J Kudryashov, I AF Dubinskii, M. Ter-Mikirtychev, V. Zhang, J. Kudryashov, I. BE Dubinskii, M Wood, GL TI Yb-free, SLM EDFA: comparison of 980-, 1470- and 1530-nm excitation for the core- and clad-pumping SO LASER SOURCE TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Source Technology for Defense and Security IV CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Er-doped; diode-pumped; eye-safe; fiber lasers ID FIBER AB We present the results of the experimental study and comparison of Yb-free, Er-doped, all-fiber, alignment free, single frequency (SF) fiber amplifiers operating under 980-, 1470- and 1530-nm pumping for the core- and clad-pumping architectures. In the single-mode core-pumped configuration Er-doped fiber amplifiers demonstrated 52% and 60% pump to output efficiencies for 980 and 1480 nm pump wavelength, respectively, producing over 140 mW of SF output power at seed wavelength similar to 1560 nm and over 180 mW at seed wavelength 1605 nm for 300 mW of pump power. At the same time, when clad pumped, Er-doped 20/125 DC LMA gain fiber demonstrates laser efficiencies of 22.4% pumped at 980 nm - up to 20 W of fiber-coupled diode laser pumping. The same LMA fiber demonstrates 33% optical-to-optical efficiency (46% slope efficiency versus absorbed power) when cladding-pumped with 1520-1530-nm fiber-coupled laser diode modules. Detailed analysis of these experiments is presented. C1 [Dubinskii, M.; Zhang, J.] USA, AMSRD ARL SE EO, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dubinskii, M (reprint author), USA, AMSRD ARL SE EO, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7143-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6952 AR 695205 DI 10.1117/12.782760 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHX03 UT WOS:000257137500003 ER PT J AU Antion, MD Merhav, M Hoeffer, CA Reis, G Kozma, SC Thomas, G Schuman, EM Rosenblum, K Klann, E AF Antion, Marcia D. Merhav, Maayan Hoeffer, Charles A. Reis, Gerald Kozma, Sara C. Thomas, George Schuman, Erin M. Rosenblum, Kobi Klann, Eric TI Removal of S6K1 and S6K2 leads to divergent alterations in learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity SO LEARNING & MEMORY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; HIPPOCAMPAL CA1 REGION; LOCAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; MAMMALIAN TARGET; LATE-PHASE; TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL; RAPAMYCIN PATHWAY; SPATIAL MEMORY; SIGNALING PATHWAY; TASTE MEMORY AB Protein synthesis is required for the expression of enduring memories and long-lasting synaptic plasticity. During cellular proliferation and growth, S6 kinases (S6Ks) are activated and coordinate the synthesis of de novo proteins. We hypothesized that protein synthesis mediated by S6Ks is critical for the manifestation of learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. We have tested this hypothesis with genetically engineered mice deficient for either S6K1 or S6K2. We have found that S6K1-deficient mice express an early-onset contextual fear memory deficit within one hour of training, a deficit in conditioned taste aversion (CTA), impaired Morris water maze acquisition, and hypoactive exploratory behavior. In contrast, S6K2-deficient mice exhibit decreased contextual fear memory seven days after training, a reduction in latent inhibition of CTA, and normal spatial learning in the Morris water maze. Surprisingly, neither S6K1-nor S6K2-deficient mice exhibited alterations in protein synthesis-dependent late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP). However, removal of S6K1, but not S6K2, compromised early-phase LTP expression. Furthermore, we observed that S6K1-deficient mice have elevated basal levels of Akt phosphorylation, which is further elevated following induction of L-LTP. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that removal of S6K1 leads to a distinct array of behavioral and synaptic plasticity phenotypes that are not mirrored by the removal of S6K2. Our observations suggest that neither gene by itself is required for L-LTP but instead may be required for other types of synaptic plasticity required for cognitive processing. C1 [Antion, Marcia D.; Klann, Eric] Baylor Univ, Div Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Merhav, Maayan; Rosenblum, Kobi] Univ Haifa, Ctr Brain & Behav, Dept Neurobiol & Ethol, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. [Klann, Eric] NYU, Ctr Neural Sci, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Hoeffer, Charles A.; Klann, Eric] CALTECH, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol Physiol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Reis, Gerald; Schuman, Erin M.] CALTECH, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kozma, Sara C.; Thomas, George] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Genome Sci, Genome Res Inst, Cincinnati, OH 45327 USA. RP Klann, E (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Div Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM eklann@cns.nyu.edu RI Schuman, Erin/D-6204-2011; Thomas, George/K-9235-2014 OI Thomas, George/0000-0003-3518-8149 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS34007, NS047384, R37 NS034007, R29 NS034007, R01 NS047384, R01 NS034007] NR 61 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1072-0502 J9 LEARN MEMORY JI Learn. Mem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1101/lm.661908 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 248WU UT WOS:000252188700005 PM 18174371 ER PT S AU Jones, TL Burkins, MS Gooch, WA AF Jones, Tyrone L. Burkins, Matthew S. Gooch, William A. BE Pekguleryuz, MO Neelameggham, NR Beals, RS Nyberg, EA TI Analysis of magnesium alloy AZ31B-H24 for ballistic applications SO MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2008 SE Magnesium Technology Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Magnesium Technology Symposium 2008 CY MAR 09-13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Magnesium Comm, Light Met Div DE magnesium; AZ31B; ballistic performance; 5083AL; aluminum AB The US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is developing a ballistic specification for the use of magnesium alloy AZ31B-H24 as armor on Army platforms. Data were generated for a range of thicknesses of this magnesium alloy, 0.25 to 4 inches, using five different projectiles. The magnesium performance is parametrically quantified on an equivalent areal density to aluminum alloy 5083-H131, which it is a mature, well defined, low-density metal. The results show the performance of magnesium to be dependent on the diameter of the projectile. This research sets a baseline ballistic performance for magnesium alloy AZ31B-H24 for quality control purposes and for use in developing and evaluating improved alloys. C1 [Jones, Tyrone L.; Burkins, Matthew S.; Gooch, William A.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM TA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Jones, TL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM TA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 1545-4150 BN 978-0-87339-711-7 J9 MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY PY 2008 BP 81 EP 84 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BHR19 UT WOS:000255592000014 ER PT J AU Vaidya, UK Serrano, JC Villalobos, A Sands, J Garner, J AF Vaidya, Uday K. Serrano, Juan C. Villalobos, Alejandro Sands, James Garner, James TI Design and analysis of a long fiber thermoplastic composite tailcone for a tank gun training round SO MATERIALS & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE A. polymer matrix composites; B. thermoplastic composites; C. extrusion; D. impact and ballistic AB The increasing demand for low cost composites in military applications is accompanied by the need to develop cost-effective and high-performance material forms and processing technologies. Innovative composite technologies (material forms, fabrication processes, and design and simulation) have the potential to provide effective solutions for reducing weight and cost of weapon systems and ammunitions. A kinetic energy (KE) penetrator is used as tank ammunition and concentrates an extremely high amount of kinetic energy over a relatively small surface area of the target. In this study, the design and analysis of a tailcone (which is a subcomponent) of an artillery training round (conventionally manufactured of aluminum) using long fiber thermoplastic (LFT) composite material and processing technologies was conducted. The function of a tailcone is to stabilize and limit the range of travels of the projectile. Finite element analysis was used to design and evaluate the response of a LFT composite tailcone to pressure, gravitational load, and temperature during its path from inside the bore of the gun up to its flight in air. Subsequent field testing of the designed composite training round served as a validation of the finite element models developed. By implementing the proposed LFT composite tailcone, a cost savings in the order of MIX, is projected in comparison to the existing aluminum design, without compromising performance. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Vaidya, UK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1150 10th Ave S BEC 254, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM uvaidya@uab.edu NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-3069 J9 MATER DESIGN JI Mater. Des. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 305 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.matdes.2007.02.010 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 238ZT UT WOS:000251487900003 ER PT J AU Fuselier, EJ AF Fuselier, Edward J. TI Sobolev-type approximation rates for divergence-free and curl-free RBF interpolants SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID SCATTERED-DATA INTERPOLATION; RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; MULTIQUADRICS; SCHEME AB Recently, error estimates have been made available for divergence-free radial basis function (RBF) interpolants. However, these results are only valid for functions within the associated reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) of the matrix-valued RBF. Functions within the associated RKHS, also known as the "native space" of the RBF, can be characterized as vector fields having a specific smoothness, making the native space quite small. In this paper we develop Sobolev-type error estimates when the target function is less smooth than functions in the native space. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Fuselier, EJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM edward.fuselier@usma.edu NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PY 2008 VL 77 IS 263 BP 1407 EP 1423 DI 10.1090/S0025-5718-07-02096-0 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 325AB UT WOS:000257559400009 ER PT S AU Salamone, S Karandikar, P Marshall, A Marchant, DD Sennett, M AF Salamone, S. Karandikar, P. Marshall, A. Marchant, D. D. Sennett, M. BE LaraCurzio, E TI EFFECTS OF SI SIC RATIO AND SIC GRAIN SIZE ON PROPERTIES OF RBSC SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID SILICON-CARBIDE CERAMICS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ARMOR APPLICATIONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRENGTH AB Reaction bonded silicon carbide (RBSC) ceramics are typically produced by the reactive infiltration of molten Si into preforms consisting of SiC and carbon During the infiltration process the Si and carbon react to form SIC In this system silicon to silicon carbide ratio and grain size are important parameters in determining the final physical properties of the composite Through any number of processing techniques the final Si SIC ratio can be systematically changed Examples Include the green density of the starting preform and the carbon content (I e, SIC to carbon ratio) of the preform formulation Moreover the grain size of the final composite can be systematically varied with starting SiC particle size and carbon content of the preform being the primary process variables Si to SIC ratio grain size and other factors work together to dictate the mechanical behavior of an RBSC ceramic For instance the Si SIC ratio of several disparate microstructures may be equivalent but their properties can differ significantly This can be a result of the degree of interconnectivity of the SiC phase and/or the grain sizes of the various phases This work presents microstructures and properties of a wide range of RBSC ceramics For Instance final Si content is varied from less than 10 vol % to about 30 vol % and grain size is varied over an order of magnitude (from 12 to 150 microns) Based on the data, correlations are developed C1 [Salamone, S.; Karandikar, P.; Marshall, A.] M Cubed Technol Inc, 1 Tralee Ind Pk, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Marchant, D. D.] Simula Inc, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Sennett, M.] US Army, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Salamone, S (reprint author), M Cubed Technol Inc, 1 Tralee Ind Pk, Newark, DE 19711 USA. FU US Army Natick Soldier RDE Center [W911QY-06-C-0041] FX This work was partially supported by the US Army Natick Soldier RD&E Center under contract number W911QY-06-C-0041. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 101 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500011 ER PT S AU McCuiston, RC LaSalvia, JC Moser, B AF McCuiston, R. C. LaSalvia, J. C. Moser, B. BE LaraCurzio, E TI EFFECT OF CARBON ADDITIONS AND B4C PARTICLE SIZE ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF B4C TiB2 COMPOSITES SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID PARTICULATE SINTERED COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BORON-CARBIDE; B4C-TIB2 COMPOSITES; HARDNESS AB The effects of carbon additions and mean B4C particle size, on the microstructure and properties of TiB2 particulate-reinforced (24 vol %) B4C based composites, were investigated Two different B4C powder grades with mean particle sizes of 1 gm and 10 gm were used The TiB2 powder had a mean particle size of 5 mu m Excess carbon was created through the pyrolysis of sugar which was Introduced into these powder blends The Cadded/B4C ratios examined included 0, 0 021, and 0 035 and were based upon published data The resulting powder blends (six variants) were hot pressed near 2000 degrees C to full density Densities were determined using Archimedes' method while elastic properties were determined using an ultrasound technique Tiles were subsequently sectioned for microstructural and mechanical characterization Knoop hardness was determined using both 2 kg and 4 kg loads, while fracture toughness was determined using the Chevron-notch technique The microstructure of polished and fractured cross sections was examined by electron microscopy Results show that the fracture toughness values of all B4C-TiB2 composite variants are significantly higher than monolithic B4C Fractographic examination shows significant crack path deflection around the TiB2 grains leading to the observed increase in fracture toughness The fracture toughness of the composites produced using the 1 gm mean particle size powder were lower than those produced using the 10 pm mean particle size powder The addition of carbon was found to reduce fracture toughness The processing and properties of these composites will be presented and discussed C1 [McCuiston, R. C.; LaSalvia, J. C.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM MD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP McCuiston, RC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM MD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. FU National Science Foundation of china [No.50232020,, 50572042]; chinese Scholarship Council; Higher Education Commission PAEC Islamabad Pakistan FX The author thanks to National Science Foundation of china (No.50232020,50572042),chinese Scholarship Council, Higher Education Commission PAEC Islamabad Pakistan NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 257 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500026 ER PT S AU Halbig, MC Singh, M Shpargel, T Kiser, JD AF Halbig, Michael C. Singh, Mrityunjay Shpargel, Tarah Kiser, James D. BE LaraCurzio, E TI DIFFUSION BONDING OF SILICON CARBIDE FOR MEMS LDI APPLICATIONS SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID THERMAL-EXPANSION ANISOTROPY; CERAMICS; SILICIDES; JOINTS; TI5SI3 AB A robust joining approach is critically needed for a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems-Lean Direct Injector (MEMS LDI) application which requires leak free joints with high temperature mechanical capability Diffusion bonding is well suited for the MEMS LDI application Diffusion bonds were fabricated using titanium interlayers between silicon carbide substrates during hot pressing The interlayers consisted of either alloyed titanium foil or physically vapor deposited (PVD) titanium coatings Microscopy shows that well adhered, crack free diffusion bonds are formed under optimal conditions Under less than optimal conditions, microcracks are present in the bond layer due to the formation of intermetallic phases Electron microprobe analysis was used to identify the reaction formed phases in the diffusion bond Various compatibility issues among the phases in the interlayer and substrate are discussed Also the effects of temperature pressure time silicon carbide substrate type and type of titanium interlayer and thickness on the microstructure and composition of Joints are discussed C1 [Halbig, Michael C.] USA, Res Lab, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Halbig, MC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 491 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500049 ER PT J AU Clayton, JD Chung, PW Grinfeld, MA Nothwang, WD AF Clayton, J. D. Chung, P. W. Grinfeld, M. A. Nothwang, W. D. TI Continuum modeling of charged vacancy migration in elastic dielectric solids, with application to perovskite thin films SO MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE electromechanics; dielectric; diffusion; vacancies; thin films ID INTERFACE; (BA AB A continuum theory describing the behavior of dielectric materials containing mobile, electrically charged vacancies is formulated. The theory is implemented to simulate diffusion, at the nanometer scale, of oxygen vacancies in acceptor-doped barium strontium titanate (BST) thin films in the paraelectric state. In the simulations, charged vacancies coalesce into boundary layers of large concentration at potential-free interfaces, with increases in the local electric field intensity emerging near such boundaries. Upon relating this increase to a reduction in the energy barrier for charge transmission from film to electrode at the interface, and accepting an inverse relationship between the concentrations of doping elements and mobile oxygen vacancies, the model shows agreement with observed trends of decreasing current losses with increased doping. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Clayton, J. D.; Chung, P. W.; Grinfeld, M. A.; Nothwang, W. D.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Clayton, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jclayton@arl.army.mil RI Clayton, John/C-7760-2009 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0093-6413 J9 MECH RES COMMUN JI Mech. Res. Commun. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2007.08.002 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 264EE UT WOS:000253267800009 ER PT J AU Beidleman, BA Muza, SR Fulco, CS Cymerman, A Sawka, MN Lewis, SF Skrinar, GS AF Beidleman, Beth A. Muza, Stephen R. Fulco, Charles S. Cymerman, Allen Sawka, Michael N. Lewis, Steven F. Skrinar, Gary S. TI Seven intermittent exposures to altitude improves exercise performance at 4300 m SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the ACSM CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med DE hypobaric hypoxia; arterial oxygen saturation; intermittent hypoxia; time-trial performance test; heart rate ID SUBMAXIMAL CYCLING EFFICIENCY; INDUCIBLE FACTOR-I; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE; PRE-ADAPTATION; ACUTE-HYPOXIA; SEA-LEVEL; WORK; CAPACITY; ACCLIMATIZATION AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether seven intermittent altitude exposures (IAE), in combination with either rest or exercise training, improves time-trial exercise performance and induces physiologic adaptations consistent with chronic altitude adaptation at 4300 m. Methods: Ten adult lowlanders (26 +/- 2 yr; 78 +/- 4 kg; means SE) completed cycle endurance testing during an acute exposure to a 4300-m-altitude equivalent (446 mm Hg) once before (pre-IAE) and once after (post-IAE) 7 d of IAE (4 h.d(-1), 5 d.wk(-1), 4300 m). Cycle endurance testing consisted of two consecutive 15-min constant-work rate exercise bouts followed immediately by a time-trial exercise performance test. During each IAE, five subjects performed exercise training, and the other group of five subjects rested. Results: Both groups demonstrated similar improvements in time-trial cycle exercise performance and physiologic adaptations during constant-work rate exercise from pre-IAE to post-IAE. Thus, data from all subjects were combined. Seven days of IAE resulted in a 16% improvement (P < 0.05) in time-trial cycle exercise performance (min) from pre-IAE (35 +/- 3) to post-IAE (29 +/- 2). During the two constant-work rate exercise bouts, there was an increase (P < 0.05) in exercise arterial 02 saturation (%) from pre-IAE (77 +/- 2; 75 +/- 1) to post-IAE (80 +/- 2; 79 +/- 1), a decrease (P < 0.05) in exercise heart rate (bpm) from pre-IAE (136 6; 162 5) to post-IAE (116 6; 153 5), and a decrease (P < 0.05) in exercise ratings of perceived exertion from pre-IAE (10 +/- 1; 14 +/- 1) to post-IAE (8 +/- 1; 11 +/- 1). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that 7 d of IAE, in combination with either rest or exercise training, improves time-trial cycle exercise performance and induces physiologic adaptations during constant-work rate exercise consistent with chronic altitude adaptation at 4300 m. C1 [Beidleman, Beth A.; Muza, Stephen R.; Fulco, Charles S.; Cymerman, Allen; Sawka, Michael N.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mountain Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Lewis, Steven F.; Skrinar, Gary S.] Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Beidleman, BA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mountain Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM beth.beidleman@na.amedd.army.mil NR 37 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a519b PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 244MV UT WOS:000251870900020 PM 18091011 ER PT S AU Mosher, LA Waits, CM Morgan, B Ghodssi, R AF Mosher, L. A. Waits, C. M. Morgan, B. Ghodssi, R. GP IEEE TI A new paradigm for high resolution 3D lithography SO MEMS 2008: 21ST IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2008) CY JAN 13-17, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc ID GRAY-SCALE LITHOGRAPHY; MICROFABRICATION AB A new gray-scale lithography method and modeling approach are reported, providing a technique for high-resolution 3D micromachining. A double-exposure grayscale technique was developed showing a significant improvement in the vertical resolution compared to single-exposure gray-scale lithography. This technique increased the number of gray-scale height levels from n levels to n(2) levels, which decreased the average step height from 0.19 mu m to 0.02 mu m. An empirical model was formulated, enabling precise mask designs and investigation of critical fabrication tolerances. One critical tolerance, mask misalignment, has been simulated and characterized using the model to minimize surface roughness. C1 [Mosher, L. A.; Waits, C. M.; Ghodssi, R.] Univ Maryland, MSAL, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Morgan, B.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Mosher, LA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, MSAL, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Collaborative Research Alliance (CTA) Power and Energy program; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center FX The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Collaborative Research Alliance (CTA) Power and Energy program supported this research. This research is also supported by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The authors would like to thank the staff of ARL for use of their cleanroom facilities and Northrop Grumman for optical mask fabrication. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-1792-6 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2008 BP 395 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHH75 UT WOS:000253356900099 ER PT S AU Tin, S Duggirala, R Polcawich, R Dubey, M Lal, A AF Tin, S. Duggirala, R. Polcawich, R. Dubey, M. Lal, A. GP IEEE TI Self-powered discharge-based wireless transmitter SO MEMS 2008: 21ST IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2008) CY JAN 13-17, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc AB We demonstrate a self-powered tunable wireless RF transmitter by utilizing discharge events in nickel-63 radioisotope actuated reciprocating AlN-Si unimorph microcantilevers. The nickel-63 thin-film discharge by the reciprocating microcantilevers results in periodic generation of 264 MHz wireless signals detectable up to 3.6 meters (limited by room size). Furthermore, the wireless RF signal frequency can be tuned by as much as 3.44 MHz by varying stressing the unimorph by applied voltage bias across the AlN thin-film. This frequency tunability can be used to realize self-powered wireless RF sensors beacons to convey information between wireless sensor and RFID nodes. The resulting self-powered wireless sensors can function autonomously for decades enabling long-term monitoring of structural and environmental health in remote places. C1 [Tin, S.; Duggirala, R.; Lal, A.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, SoncMEMS Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Polcawich, R.; Dubey, M.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Tin, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, SoncMEMS Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. FU DARPA-MTO; U.S. SPAWAR R7D center FX This work was supported by DARPA-MTO, and contracted under the U.S. SPAWAR R7D center. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-1792-6 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2008 BP 988 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHH75 UT WOS:000253356900247 ER PT J AU Gallien, JP Khodja, H Herzog, GF Taylor, S Koepsell, E Daghlian, CP Flynn, GJ Sitnitsky, I Lanzirotti, A Sutton, SR Keller, LP AF Gallien, J. -P. Khodja, H. Herzog, G. F. Taylor, S. Koepsell, E. Daghlian, C. P. Flynn, G. J. Sitnitsky, I. Lanzirotti, A. Sutton, S. R. Keller, L. P. TI Characterization of carbon- and nitrogen-rich particle fragments captured from comet 81P/Wild 2 SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MICROPROBE; STARDUST; DUST; SAMPLES; METEORITES; MINERALS; ORIGIN; LIFE AB We studied three Stardust fragments with infrared spectroscopy to characterize organic matter; with synchrotron-induced X-ray fluorescence to determine Fe contents and certain elemental ratios to iron; with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to image sample morphology and to detect semiquantitatively Mg, Al, Si, Ca, and Fe; and with nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) to measure C, N, O, and Si. A fourth fragment was analyzed by SEM only. Fragment C2054,0,35,21 from track 35 (hereafter C21) is extremely rich in C and contains appreciable concentrations of Mg, Al, and Ca, but little Fe. Fragments C2054,0,35,23 (C23), C2044,0,41 (C41), and C2054,0,35,51,0 (C51), from tracks 35, 41, and 35, respectively, consist largely but not exclusively of aerogel. C23 contains Mg and finely dispersed S, but little Al, Ca or Fe. Pooled Cl-normalized elemental ratios for C21, C23, and C41 are as follows: Ti/Fe, 5.0; Cr/Fe, 0.84; Mn/Fe, 0.97; Ni/Fe, 2.4; and Zn/Fe, 31. The enrichments in Ti and Zn may be related to the presence of aerogel. Minimum weight percentages of C and N estimated without correcting for the presence of aerogel are 30 and 0.7 for C21; 2.8 and 0.2 for C23; 1.2 and 0.14 for C41. After corrections for the presence of aerogel containing 1.4 wt% C and 0.02 wt% N, the corresponding results are 37 and 0.85 for C21; and 10 and I for C23; and similar to 1 and similar to 1, for C41 (The results for C41 have large uncertainties). These weight percentages are larger than or comparable to values for carbonaceous meteorites. C/N atomic ratios without/without aerogel corrections are 51151 for C21, 17/11 for C23, and 10/similar to 1 for C41. Within the uncertainties these values are within the range for carbonaceous meteorites. C1 [Herzog, G. F.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Gallien, J. -P.; Khodja, H.] CEA Saclay, Lab Pierre Sue, CEA CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Taylor, S.] CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Koepsell, E.; Daghlian, C. P.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Flynn, G. J.; Sitnitsky, I.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Lanzirotti, A.; Sutton, S. R.] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sutton, S. R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Keller, L. P.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Herzog, GF (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, 610 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM gherzog@rci.rutgers.edu RI Khodja, Hicham/A-1869-2016 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 335 EP 351 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400020 ER PT S AU Pellegrino, J AF Pellegrino, John BE George, T Cheng, Z TI Emerging sensors and electron devices for Army applications SO MICRO (MEMS) AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE, DEFENSE, AND SECURITY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Space, Defense, and Security CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Pellegrino, J (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7150-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6959 BP U15 EP U17 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHY70 UT WOS:000257465900003 ER PT J AU Porch, D Muller, CW AF Porch, Douglas Muller, Christopher W. BE Stoker, D TI "Imperial grunts" revisited The US advisory mission in Colombia SO MILITARY ADVISING AND ASSISTANCE: FROM MERCENARIES TO PRIVATIZATION, 1815-2007 SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Porch, Douglas] Univ Coll Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales. [Porch, Douglas] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Porch, Douglas] US Marine Corps Univ, Quantico, VA USA. [Porch, Douglas] USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. [Porch, Douglas] NATO Def Coll, Rome, Italy. [Muller, Christopher W.] US Army South, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-93871-3 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 168 EP 191 PG 24 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMM52 UT WOS:000272806000010 ER PT J AU Byrom, J AF Byrom, Jonathan BE Stoker, D TI Training the new Afghan tank force A multi-national advisory mission, 2 June 2003 to 3 December 2003 SO MILITARY ADVISING AND ASSISTANCE: FROM MERCENARIES TO PRIVATIZATION, 1815-2007 SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Byrom, Jonathan] USA, Washington, DC USA. RP Byrom, J (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-93871-3 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 192 EP 209 PG 18 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMM52 UT WOS:000272806000011 ER PT J AU Adler, AB Cawkill, P van den Berg, C Arvers, P Puente, J Cuvelier, Y AF Adler, Amy B. Cawkill, Paul van den Berg, Coen Arvers, Philippe Puente, Jose Cuvelier, Yves TI International military leaders' survey on operational stress SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the International-Society-for-Traumatic-Stress-Studies CY NOV, 2006 CL Hollywood, CA SP Int Soc Traumat Stress Studies AB Despite the importance of military leaders in moderating the impact of deployment stressors on unit members, little attention has focused on the training leaders receive in managing unit stress. As part of a NATO Research Panel (Human Factors and Medicine (HFM)-081/Research and Technology Organization Task Group (RTG)), 16 nations participated in a needs assessment survey of military leaders who had returned from an operation within the previous 2 years. Findings from 172 leaders emphasized the lack of training specifically geared for leaders to address operational stress issues for unit members and their families and the need for integrated mental health support across the deployment cycle. In general, most leaders regarded stress-related mental health problems as normal and were supportive of help-seeking. The information obtained here was used to develop a Human Factors and Medicine -081/RTG Leader's Guide on operational stress. C1 [Adler, Amy B.] USA, Med Res Unit Europe, APO, AE 09042 USA. [Cawkill, Paul] Def Sci & Technol Lab, Human Syst Grp, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England. [van den Berg, Coen] Netherlands Def Acad, Fac Mil Sci Mil Behav Sci & Philosophy, NL-4800 PA Breda, Netherlands. [Arvers, Philippe] CRSSA, Ctr Rech Serv Sante Armees, Dept Facteurs Humains, F-38702 La Tronche, France. [Puente, Jose] Hosp Cent Def, Inspecc Gen Sanidad Unidad Psicol, Joint Med Off, Unit Psychol, Madrid 28047, Spain. [Cuvelier, Yves] DOO SAO, Brussels, Belgium. RP Adler, AB (reprint author), USA, Med Res Unit Europe, APO, AE 09042 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 251KT UT WOS:000252373000002 PM 18251326 ER PT J AU Payne, SE Hill, JV Johnson, DE AF Payne, Samuel E. Hill, Jeffrey V. Johnson, David E. TI The use of unit watch or command interest profile in the management of suicide and homicide risk: Rationale and guidelines for the military mental health professional SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Military mental health care professionals have, for decades, recommended that commanders implement a unit watch (now called a "command interest profile" at most Army posts) as a tool for enhancing the safety of personnel in the unit when a soldier presents with suicidal or homicidal ideation. Although these procedures are used extensively in garrison and in operational settings, there exists no specific body of literature or Army publication to offer either a rationale or a set of guidelines for their use. We have successfully used unit watch protocols for years both in the deployment setting and in garrison. This article provides both a rationale and a set of guidelines for their use based on fundamental military psychiatric principles, review of the relevant literature, and anecdotal experience with this intervention. Although further research is indicated, this article provides support for the use of unit watch in military settings. C1 [Payne, Samuel E.] USA, Med Ctr, Outpatient Behav Hlth Serv, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. [Hill, Jeffrey V.] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. [Johnson, David E.] Schweinfurt Behav Hlth Clin, APO, AE 09033 USA. RP Payne, SE (reprint author), USA, Med Ctr, Outpatient Behav Hlth Serv, 13 West, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 251KT UT WOS:000252373000004 PM 18251328 ER PT J AU Harman, EA Gutekunst, DJ Frykman, PN Sharp, MA Nindl, BC Alemany, JA Mello, RP AF Harman, Everett A. Gutekunst, David J. Frykman, Peter N. Sharp, Marilyn A. Nindl, Bradley C. Alemany, Joseph A. Mello, Robert P. TI Prediction of simulated battlefield physical performance from field-expedient tests SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FITNESS; ARMY AB Predictive models of battlefield physical performance can benefit the military. To develop models, 32 physically trained men (mean +/- SD: 28.0 +/- 4.7 years, 82.1 +/- 11.3 kg, 176.3 +/- 7.5 cm) underwent (1) anthropornetric measures: height and body mass; (2) fitness tests: push-ups, sit-ups, 3.2-km run, vertical jump, horizontal jump; (3) simulated battlefield physical performance in fighting load: five 30-m sprints prone to prone, 400-m run, obstacle course, and casualty recovery. Although greater body mass was positively associated with better casualty recovery performance, it showed trends toward poorer performance on all the other fitness and military performance tests. Regression equations well predicted the simulated battlefield performance from the anthropometric measures and physical fitness tests (r = 0.77-0.82). The vertical jump entered all four prediction equations and the horizontal jump entered one of them. The equations, using input from easy to administer tests, effectively predict simulated battlefield physical performance. C1 [Harman, Everett A.; Gutekunst, David J.; Frykman, Peter N.; Sharp, Marilyn A.; Nindl, Bradley C.; Alemany, Joseph A.; Mello, Robert P.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Harman, EA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 251KT UT WOS:000252373000005 PM 18251329 ER PT J AU Diefenderfer, KE Stahl, J AF Diefenderfer, Kim E. Stahl, Jonathan TI Caries remineralization therapy: Implications for dental readiness SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Dental Classification and Risk Assessment Preventional of Dental Morbidity in Deployed Military Personnel CY JUL 11-13, 2006 CL Great Lakes, IL SP Naval Inst Dental Biomed Res ID APPROXIMAL CARIOUS LESIONS; TISSUE CHANGES; FLUORIDE; ENAMEL; PROGRESSION; PREVENTION; REVERSAL AB Caries remineralization therapy can effectively arrest or reverse the progression of incipient proximal caries lesions. Remineralization of tooth structure is accomplished via a series of topical fluoride applications over time using a combination of both in-office and at-home fluoride agents. Remineralization therapy should be considered a viable noninvasive alternative to restoration for all caries lesions that do not exhibit frank cavitation of the proximal enamel surface (i.e., all lesions in enamel, as well as most lesions in the outer dentin). Combining a conservative restorative approach with an aggressive caries remineralization program may provide substantial therapeutic benefit and significantly reduce both costs and long-term restorative need among military patient populations. C1 [Diefenderfer, Kim E.] USA, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC 20310 USA. [Diefenderfer, Kim E.] Naval Hlth Clin, Fisher Healthcare Clin, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Stahl, Jonathan] Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Diefenderfer, KE (reprint author), USA, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 SU S BP 48 EP 50 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 252HC UT WOS:000252436600014 PM 18277722 ER PT J AU Parnell, GS Hill, RR AF Parnell, Gregory S. Hill, Raymond R. TI Value-focused thinking and the challenges of the long war SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The purpose of making a decision is to achieve one or more objectives. Hence, being very clear about what those objectives are should be the foundation for any thought, analysis, and action to achieve them. Value-focused thinking explicitly involves specifying, articulating, and organizing the objectives and then using them to guide all aspects of the decision process. This paper presents the key concepts of value-focused thinking and describes their relevance to decision making. It discusses how to apply and use these concepts in practice. The complementary roles of value-focused thinking for defining and structuring a decision and more standard decision models for analyzing that structured decision and for evaluating alternatives is outlined. C1 [Parnell, Gregory S.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Hill, Raymond R.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Parnell, GS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM gregory.parnell@usma.edu; ray.hill@wright.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 BP 5 EP + PG 3 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 339YK UT WOS:000258613000001 ER PT J AU Dillon-Merrill, RL Parnell, GS Buckshaw, DL Hensley, WR Caswell, DJ AF Dillon-Merrill, Robin L. Parnell, Gregory S. Buckshaw, Donald L. Hensley, William R., Jr. Caswell, David J. TI Avoiding common pitfalls in decision support frameworks for Department of Defense analyses SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Many defense decision support frameworks involve multiple, conflicting objectives. Multiple objective decision analysis (MODA) and Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) have been used to help decision makers allocate resources more effectively and efficiently. Although there are several excellent textbooks and documented studies, ineffective decision maker/stakeholder interaction, modeling errors, and poor analysis practices are common. We identify several pitfalls that decision analysts should avoid. These pitfalls can result in inadequate problem definition, faulty analysis, confused decision makers, and poor decisions. After identifying the common pitfalls, we propose best practices to avoid these pitfalls. While we focus on decision analysis, many of these pitfalls can occur in any operations research study. C1 [Dillon-Merrill, Robin L.] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Parnell, Gregory S.; Caswell, David J.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Dillon-Merrill, Robin L.] New Orleans Reg Hurricane Protect Projec, Natl Acad Comm, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Dillon-Merrill, RL (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM rld9@georgetown.edu; gregory.parrnell@usma.edu; dbuckshaw@innovativedecisions.com; bill.hensley@ohio-kenjya.com; djcaswe@nsa.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 BP 19 EP + PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 339YK UT WOS:000258613000003 ER PT J AU Kobylski, GC Buede, DM Farr, JV Peters, D AF Kobylski, Gerald C. Buede, Dennis M. Farr, John V. Peters, Douglas TI The use of Dynamic Decision Networks to increase situational awareness in a networked battle command SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFLUENCE DIAGRAMS AB Battlefield commanders using the Future Combat Systems (FCS) will have a plethora of information available that will come from many sources. A lot of information is difficult to organize and analyze, particularly in a time sensitive environment. Dynamic Decision Networks (DDNs) are a good approximation to dynamic programming, considered by some the "gold standard" in decision making optimization. They are an ideal aid for a decision maker faced with multiple uncertain variables and conflicting objectives and many opportunities to collect information, particularly when some of it may be imperfect. Thus they are a good alternative for military decision makers. DDNs are briefly described in this paper. Then, current research on the applications and utility of DDNs to the FCS are discussed. Specifically, the goal for this research is to build DDN decision aids for the leaders at all echelons within the FCS family of vehicles. C1 [Kobylski, Gerald C.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Farr, John V.] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Buede, Dennis M.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Farr, John V.] Stevens Inst Technol, Sch Syst & Enterprises, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Kobylski, GC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Gerald-Kobylski@usma.edu; dbuede@innovativedecisions.com; John.Farr@stevens-tech.edu; Doug.Peters@ara.com NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 BP 47 EP 63 PG 17 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 339YK UT WOS:000258613000005 ER PT J AU Durlach, PJ Kring, JP Bowens, LD AF Durlach, Paula J. Kring, Jason P. Bowens, Laticia D. TI Detection of icon appearance and disappearance on a digital situation awareness display SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHANGE DETECTION PARADIGM; CHANGE BLINDNESS; EXPERTISE AB The potential for change detection failure during the monitoring of a military digital situation awareness map was investigated. Participants were asked to monitor the map for icon appearance or disappearance. A change accompanied by two other changes was detected 69.3% of the time, while the same change occurring alone was detected 79.6% of the time. When three changes occurred simultaneously, all three were detected only 37% of the time. Detection of icon appearance was superior to detection of icon disappearance, as might be expected from the literature on visual attention. The discussion addresses the need to represent change explicitly in such systems and suggests properties that a change detection aid should possess. C1 [Durlach, Paula J.] USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Orlando, FL USA. [Kring, Jason P.] Embry Riddlw Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL USA. [Bowens, Laticia D.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL USA. RP Durlach, PJ (reprint author), USA, Res Inst, Simulator Syst Res Univ, DAPE ARI IF, 12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM Durlach@peostri.army.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1080/08995600701869502 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 295JG UT WOS:000255470200002 ER PT J AU Chen, JYC Durlach, PJ Sloan, JA Bowens, LD AF Chen, Jessie Y. C. Durlach, Paula J. Sloan, Jared A. Bowens, Laticia D. TI Human-robot interaction in the context of simulated route reconnaissance missions SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK; FRAME AB The goal of this research was to examine the ways in which human operators interact with simulated semiautonomous unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), semiautonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and teleoperated UGVs (Teleop). Robotic operators performed parallel route reconnaissance missions with each platform alone and with all three platforms. When given all three platforms, participants failed to detect more targets than when given only the UAV or UGV; they were also less likely to complete their mission in the allotted time. Target detection during missions was the poorest with the Teleop alone, likely because of the demands of remote driving. Spatial ability was found to be a good predictor of target-detection performance. However, slowing sensor feed video frame rate or the imposition of a short response latency (250 ms) between Teleop control and Teleop reaction failed to affect target-detection performance significantly. Nevertheless, these video image manipulations did influence assessment of system usability. C1 [Chen, Jessie Y. C.] USA, Res Lab, HRED, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Durlach, Paula J.] USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Simulator Syst Res Unit, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Sloan, Jared A.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Bowens, Laticia D.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Chen, JYC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, HRED, 12423 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM jessie.chen@us.army.mil NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 8 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 3 BP 135 EP 149 DI 10.1080/08995600802115904 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 334LO UT WOS:000258223500001 ER PT J AU Dolan, CA Ender, MG AF Dolan, Carol A. Ender, Morten G. TI The coping paradox: Work, stress, and coping in the US army SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; ALCOHOL-USE; MENTAL-HEALTH; IMPACT; MODEL; PERSONALITY; ADJUSTMENT; MEDIATORS; APPRAISAL; DRINKING AB The military environment has unique stressors. This study investigates the types of stressors, appraisals, and coping responses of U.S. soldiers and their leaders. A qualitative analysis of interviews indicates that the traditional coping buffers of social drinking and seeking social support from fellow soldiers, family, and leaders can potentially serve as sources of stress. While this paradox may be a result of the unique types of stressors in the military work environment, these results should direct researchers to better understand individuals' perceptions and appraisals of stress, with a focus on the meaning of stress, given contextual factors inherent in the workplace. The findings are discussed in relation to the literature on the impact of stress on physical and psychological health. C1 [Ender, Morten G.] US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Dolan, Carol A.] Univ Maryland, Univ Coll Europe, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dolan, Carol A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Unit Europe, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ender, MG (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Thayer Hall 282E, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM morten.ender@usma.edu NR 51 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 8 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 3 BP 151 EP 169 DI 10.1080/08995600802115987 PG 19 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 334LO UT WOS:000258223500002 ER PT J AU Roebuck-Spencer, TM Reeves, DL Bleiberg, J Cernich, AN Schwab, K Ivins, B Salazar, A Harvey, S Brown, F Warden, D AF Roebuck-Spencer, T. M. Reeves, D. L. Bleiberg, J. Cernich, A. N. Schwab, K. Ivins, B. Salazar, A. Harvey, S. Brown, F. Warden, D. TI Influence of demographics on computerized cognitive testing in a military sample SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REITAN NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; EPISODIC MEMORY; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; NORMATIVE DATA; BRAIN INJURY; PERFORMANCE; AGE; EDUCATION; ARMY AB Computerized cognitive testing with software programs such as the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) have long been used to assess cognition in military samples. This study describes demographic influences on computerized testing performance in a large active duty military sample (n = 2366). Performance differences between men and women were minimal on most ANAM subtests, but there was a clear speed/accuracy trade-off, with men favoring speed and women favoring accuracy on the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) subtest. As expected, reaction time increased with age on most subtests, with the exception of Mathematical Processing Test (MTH). Higher education resulted in significant but minimal performance increases on Code Substitution (CDS), Matching to Sample (MSP), and Memory Search (STN) subtests. In contrast, substantial performance differences were seen between education groups on the MTH subtest. These data reveal that it is important to consider demographic factors, particularly age, when using ANAM to draw conclusions about military samples. These results also point to the importance of exploring demographic influences for all reaction time-based computerized assessment batteries. C1 [Roebuck-Spencer, T. M.; Bleiberg, J.; Cernich, A. N.] Natl Rehabil Hosp, Ctr Cognit Neurosci, Washington, DC USA. [Reeves, D. L.] ClinVest Inc, Springfield, MO USA. [Schwab, K.; Ivins, B.; Warden, D.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Brown, F.] Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Bleiberg, J (reprint author), Bethesda Neuropsychol LLC, 9515 Linden Ave, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM jb454@georgetown.edu NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 3 BP 187 EP 203 DI 10.1080/08995600802118825 PG 17 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 334LO UT WOS:000258223500004 ER PT J AU Langkamer, KL Ervin, KS AF Langkamer, Krista L. Ervin, Kelly S. TI Psychological Climate, Organizational Commitment and Morale: Implications for Army Captains' Career Intent SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WORK-ENVIRONMENT PERCEPTIONS; EMPLOYEE TURNOVER; JOB-SATISFACTION; SOLDIERS; OUTCOMES; CONSEQUENCES; METAANALYSIS; ANTECEDENTS; SUPERVISOR; READINESS AB The purpose of this research was to examine how work experiences contribute to junior officers' intentions to leave the Army. Specifically, we hypothesized that psychological climate perceptions have direct and indirect effects on intent to leave through affective commitment and morale and that affective and continuance commitment interact to predict intent to leave the Army. The sample for this study was 649 captains who responded to an Army-wide survey, the Fall 2002 Sample Survey of Military Personnel. Results demonstrate support for full mediation, indicating that psychological climate impacts intent to leave the Army by influencing captains' affective commitment and morale. The psychological climate dimension of leadership had the largest impact on affective commitment, morale, and intent to leave the Army. Affective commitment did not interact with continuance commitment to predict intent to leave. Implications for Army retention policies and leadership are discussed. C1 [Langkamer, Krista L.] Aptima Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Ervin, Kelly S.] USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Arlington, VA USA. RP Langkamer, KL (reprint author), Aptima Inc, 1726 M St NW,Suite 900, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM klangkamer@aptima.com RI Dopko, Rae/J-7437-2015 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 219 EP 236 DI 10.1080/08995600802345113 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 366CB UT WOS:000260456900001 ER PT J AU Huffman, AH Culbertson, SS Castro, CA AF Huffman, Ann H. Culbertson, Satoris S. Castro, Carl A. TI Family-Friendly Environments and US Army Soldier Performance and Work Outcomes SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SELF-EFFICACY; ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT; EMPLOYEE TURNOVER; SOCIAL SUPPORT; ROLE-CONFLICT; IMPACT; MODEL; BEHAVIOR AB This study examined how perceptions of a family-friendly environment relate to physical fitness, efficacy beliefs, and intentions to remain in the military. Survey data and actual performance measures from 230 U.S. Army soldiers were examined. Findings indicated that a perceived family-friendly environment was positively related to intentions to remain in the military upon fulfillment of obligation. Additionally, perceptions of family-friendly environments were positively related to collective efficacy perceptions. These findings provide strong support for the need to create and maintain a strong family-friendly work environment, not only to improve the well-being of employees but also to benefit the organization's retention efforts, obtained from employees being more willing to remain with the organization. C1 [Huffman, Ann H.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Psychol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Huffman, Ann H.] WA Franke Coll Business, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Culbertson, Satoris S.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Castro, Carl A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Huffman, AH (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Psychol, Box 15106, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM ann.huffman@nau.edu NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 16 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 253 EP 270 DI 10.1080/08995600802345162 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 366CB UT WOS:000260456900003 ER PT J AU Boyce, LA LaVoie, N Streeter, LA Lochbaum, KE Psotka, J AF Boyce, Lisa A. LaVoie, Noelle Streeter, Lynn A. Lochbaum, Karen E. Psotka, Joseph TI Technology as a Tool for Leadership Development: Effectiveness of Automated Web-Based Systems in Facilitating Tacit Knowledge Acquisition SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTELLIGENCE; METAANALYSIS AB The effectiveness of emerging technology in helping to develop the tacit or experience-based knowledge needed for effective leadership performance was demonstrated in an on-line environment for discussion and training. One hundred and twenty-seven military students participated in three 20-minute discussions in one of three learning environments: standard classroom; standard on-line discussion; and discussion assisted by semantic technology. Consistent with expectations, semantic technology-supported learning resulted in greater discussion participation and training performance with discussion participation mediating the relationship between the learning environment and training satisfaction. An interaction between learning goal orientation (LGO) and learning environment on tacit knowledge performance showed that face-to-face conditions may help those with low LGO. Implications for improving tacit knowledge acquisition and technology-supported leadership development practices are discussed. C1 [Boyce, Lisa A.] USAF Acad, DFE IITA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [LaVoie, Noelle; Streeter, Lynn A.; Lochbaum, Karen E.] Pearson Knowledge Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Psotka, Joseph] USA, Res Inst, Arlington, VA USA. RP Boyce, LA (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFE IITA, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 4K29, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM lisa.boyce@usafa.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 271 EP 288 DI 10.1080/08995600802345220 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 366CB UT WOS:000260456900004 ER PT J AU Matthews, MD AF Matthews, Michael D. TI Toward a Positive Military Psychology SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 116th Annual Convention of the American-Psychological-Association CY AUG 14-17, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Psychol Assoc AB This article reviews the role of positive psychology-based research and application in advancing the science and practice of military psychology. The role of positive psychology in military training, clinical application, and enhancing the welfare and well-being of military spouses and children is reviewed. Early research suggests that positive psychology-derived constructs may offer substantial advances across the spectrum of military psychology. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Matthews, MD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Bldg 601,Room 281, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM mike.matthews@usma.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1080/08995600802345246 PG 10 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 366CB UT WOS:000260456900005 ER PT J AU Goodwin, GE AF Goodwin, Gerald E. TI Psychology in sports and the military: Building understanding and collaboration across disciplines SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELF-EFFICACY; SOLDIERS; IMPACT AB The goal of this special issue was to identify how the underlying theoretical issues studied in sports psychology might inform research conducted by military psychologists. In the interest of providing the basis for further discussion between these two fields, this commentary highlights several areas discussed in the preceding articles which may inform military research in the behavioral sciences. Further, suggestions are offered for both fields that may lead to additional collaborative opportunities. The recommendations and comments offered cover the domains of expertise development, simulation and training, and team effectiveness among others. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Goodwin, GE (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, 2511 Jefferson Davis Hwy, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM Jay.goodwin@hqda.army.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 20 SU 1 BP S147 EP S153 DI 10.1080/08995600701804897 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 296LX UT WOS:000255547200007 ER PT B AU Wilusz, E AF Wilusz, E. BE Wilusz, E TI Military textiles Introduction SO MILITARY TEXTILES SE Woodhead Publishing in Textiles LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Wilusz, E (reprint author), US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM eugene.wilusz@us.army.mil; eugene.wilusz@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978 1 84569 206 3 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL TEXT PY 2008 IS 73 BP XXI EP XXII PG 2 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BOH49 UT WOS:000276656000001 ER PT J AU Cardello, AV AF Cardello, A. V. BE Wilusz, E TI The sensory properties and comfort of military fabrics and clothing SO MILITARY TEXTILES SE Woodhead Publishing in Textiles LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONJOINT-ANALYSIS; THERMAL COMFORT; MAGNITUDE; HAND; SENSATION; SCALE; FIBER C1 US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Cardello, AV (reprint author), US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM armand.cardello@us.army.mil NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978 1 84569 206 3 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL TEXT PY 2008 IS 73 BP 71 EP 106 DI 10.1533/9781845694517.1.71 PG 36 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BOH49 UT WOS:000276656000005 ER PT J AU Truong, Q Wilusz, E AF Truong, Q. Wilusz, E. BE Wilusz, E TI Chemical and biological protection SO MILITARY TEXTILES SE Woodhead Publishing in Textiles LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Truong, Q.; Wilusz, E.] US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Individual Protect Directorate, Chem Technol Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Wilusz, E (reprint author), US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Individual Protect Directorate, Chem Technol Team, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Quoc.Truong@us.army.mil; eugene.wilusz@us.army.mil; eugene.wilusz@us.army.mil NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978 1 84569 206 3 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL TEXT PY 2008 IS 73 BP 242 EP 280 DI 10.1533/9781845694517.2.242 PG 39 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BOH49 UT WOS:000276656000012 ER PT J AU Winterhalter, C AF Winterhalter, C. BE Wilusz, E TI Military fabrics for flame protection SO MILITARY TEXTILES SE Woodhead Publishing in Textiles LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Winterhalter, C (reprint author), US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM carole.winterhalter@us.army.mil NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978 1 84569 206 3 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL TEXT PY 2008 IS 73 BP 326 EP 345 DI 10.1533/9781845694517.2.326 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BOH49 UT WOS:000276656000016 ER PT B AU Duffy, DG AF Duffy, Dean G. BA Duffy, DG BF Duffy, DG TI Mixed Boundary Value Problems Overview SO MIXED BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Science Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; RESISTANCE; CAPACITOR; SERIES; FILM; DISK C1 [Duffy, Dean G.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Duffy, Dean G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Duffy, Dean G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Duffy, DG (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-58488-579-5 J9 CH CRC APPL MATH NON PY 2008 VL 15 BP 1 EP 40 D2 10.1201/9781420010947 PG 40 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BJZ03 UT WOS:000267477800001 ER PT J AU Bonvicino, A Huitron, S Fadare, O AF Bonvicino, A. Huitron, S. Fadare, O. TI Papanicolaou test interpretations of "atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion": An investigation of requisite duration and number of colposcopic procedures to a definitive diagnosis of high grade dysplasia in routine practice SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 SU 1 MA 312 BP 70A EP 70A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248UA UT WOS:000252180200312 ER PT J AU Furusato, B DeRosa, CA Chen, Y Ravindranath, L Cook, C Cullen, J McLeod, DG Srivastava, S Petrovics, G Sesterhenn, IA AF Furusato, B. DeRosa, C. A. Chen, Y. Ravindranath, L. Cook, C. Cullen, J. McLeod, D. G. Srivastava, S. Petrovics, G. Sesterhenn, I. A. TI Elevated secreted protein, acidic, and rich in cysteine (SPARC) mRNA expression in neoplastic prostate epithelial cells correlates with PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 SU 1 MA 712 BP 157A EP 157A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248UA UT WOS:000252180200711 ER PT J AU Miwamukonda, KB Furusato, B Sesterhenn, IA Chen, Y McLead, DG AF Miwamukonda, K. B. Furusato, B. Sesterhenn, I. A. Chen, Y. McLead, D. G. TI Lymphatic invasion in pathologic stage T3 radical prostatectomy specimens as a predictor of biochemical progression SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 SU 1 MA 788 BP 172A EP 173A PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248UA UT WOS:000252180200787 ER PT J AU Gorospe, ME Cruser, DL Taylor, AW Collins, SS Vos, JA AF Gorospe, M. E. Cruser, D. L. Taylor, A. W. Collins, S. S. Vos, J. A. TI Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is an efficient and accurate method for variant hemoglobin analysis: A study of 662 patients comparing CZE and high-performance liquid chromatography SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 SU 1 MA 1662 BP 365A EP 365A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248UA UT WOS:000252180201790 ER PT J AU Hrozhyk, UA Serak, SV Tabiryan, NV Hoke, L Steeves, DM Kimball, B Kedziora, G AF Hrozhyk, U. A. Serak, S. V. Tabiryan, N. V. Hoke, L. Steeves, D. M. Kimball, B. Kedziora, G. TI Systematic study of absorption spectra of donor-acceptor azobenzene mesogenic structures SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE azobenzene; liquid crystals; molecular design; UV-VIS spectrum ID LIQUID-CRYSTALS AB The study reported herein is focused on measuring, as well as on modeling numerically, the positions and intensities of the absorption bands in the electronic spectrum of benzene ring-based mono-azo dyes, while preserving their potential mesogenic ability. Both non-polar structures, as well as highly polar push-pull structures, of azo dye molecules were designed and studied. C1 [Hrozhyk, U. A.; Serak, S. V.; Tabiryan, N. V.] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Hoke, L.; Steeves, D. M.; Kimball, B.] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA USA. RP Hrozhyk, UA (reprint author), Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, 809 S Orlando Ave,Suite 1, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM uladzimir@beamco.com FU [W911QY-07-C-0032] FX This work was supported by the contract W911QY-07-C-0032. The authors gratefully acknowledge the DoD high performance computer ASC/MSRC resources to accomplish this work. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2008 VL 489 BP 257 EP 272 DI 10.1080/15421400802218959 PG 16 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 348QG UT WOS:000259224400022 ER PT J AU Kwee, SA Thibault, GP Stack, RS Coel, MN Furusato, B Sesterhenn, IA AF Kwee, Sandi A. Thibault, Gregory P. Stack, Richard S. Coel, Marc N. Furusato, Bungo Sesterhenn, Isabell A. TI Use of step-section histopathology to evaluate F-18-fluorocholine PET sextant localization of prostate cancer SO MOLECULAR IMAGING LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; BIOPSY; VOLUME; DIAGNOSIS; CORES; SIZE AB To assess positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18 fluorocholine for sextant localization of malignant prostate tumors. Histopathologic analysis was performed on step-sectioned whole-mounted prostate specimens from 15 patients who underwent PET with fluorocholine prior to radical prostatectomy. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) corresponding to prostate sextants on PET was measured by region of interest analysis and compared with histopathologic results. Histopathology demonstrated malignant involvement in 61 of 90 prostate sextants. The mean total tumor volume per specimen was 4.9 mL (range 0.01-28.7 mL). Mean SUVmax was 6.0 +/- 2.0 in malignant sextants and 3.8 +/- 1.4 in benign sextants (p < .0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.82 for sextant detection of malignancy based on SUVmax measurement. Tumor diameter directly correlated with sextant SUVmax in malignant sextants (r = .54, p < .05). In 13 subjects, the largest tumor in the specimen corresponded to the sextant with the highest SUVmax. Fluorocholine PET can serve to localize dominant areas of malignancy in patients with prostate cancer. However, PET with fluorocholine may fail to identify sextants with smaller volumes of malignancy. C1 [Kwee, Sandi A.] Queens Med Ctr, Hamamatsu Queens PET Imaging Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Kwee, Sandi A.] Queens Med Ctr, Cyclotron Lab, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Tripler, HI USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Kwee, SA (reprint author), Queens Med Ctr, Hamamatsu Queens PET Imaging Ctr, 1301 Punchbowl St, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM skwee@queens.org OI Furusato, Bungo/0000-0003-4614-9882 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1535-3508 J9 MOL IMAGING JI Mol. Imaging PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.2310/7290.2008.00002 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 303HR UT WOS:000256032100002 PM 18384719 ER PT J AU Sund, CJ Rocha, ER Tzinabos, AO Wells, WG Gee, JM Reott, MA O'Rourke, DP Smith, CJ AF Sund, Christian J. Rocha, Edson R. Tzinabos, Arthur O. Wells, W. Greg Gee, Jason M. Reott, Michael A. O'Rourke, Dorcas P. Smith, C. Jeffrey TI The Bacteroides fragilis transcriptome response to oxygen and H2O2: the role of OxyR and its effect on survival and virulence SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE STRESS-RESPONSE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANAEROBE; RESISTANCE; NORMALIZATION; REDUCTASE; CATALASE; BACTERIA; EXCHANGE AB The intestinal anaerobic symbiont, Bacteroides fragilis, is highly aerotolerant and resistant to H2O2. Analysis of the transcriptome showed that expression of 45% of the genome was significantly affected by oxidative stress. The gene expression patterns suggested that exposure to oxidative stress induced an acute response to rapidly minimize the immediate effects of reactive oxygen species, then upon extended exposure a broad metabolic response was induced. This metabolic response induced genes encoding enzymes that can supply reducing power for detoxification and restore energy-generating capacity. An integral aspect of the metabolic response was downregulation of genes related to translation and biosynthesis which correlated with decreased growth and entry into a stationary phase-like growth state. Examination of oxyR mutants showed that they were impaired for the acute response and they induced the expanded metabolic response with only minimal exposure to stress. The oxyR mutants were more sensitive to oxidants in vitro and in vivo they were attenuated in an intra-abdominal abscess infection model. Aerotolerance and resistance to oxidative stress are physiological adaptations of B. fragilis to its environment that enhance survival in extra-intestinal sites and promote opportunistic infections. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Shire Human Genet Therapies, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Smith, CJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powden Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM smithcha@ecu.edu RI sund, christian/G-3424-2013; OI Rocha, Edson R./0000-0002-3472-8951 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI40599] NR 44 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 67 IS 1 BP 129 EP 142 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06031.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 238GF UT WOS:000251434700010 PM 18047569 ER PT J AU Turner, CH Brennan, JK Lisal, M Smith, WR Johnson, JK Gubbins, KE AF Turner, C. Heath Brennan, John K. Lisal, Martin Smith, William R. Johnson, J. Karl Gubbins, Keith E. TI Simulation of chemical reaction equilibria by the reaction ensemble Monte Carlo method: a review SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Institute-of-Chemical-Engineers CY NOV09, 2007 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers DE Monte Carlo; reaction; equilibria; simulation ID DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS; MODELING PROTEIN STABILITY; COARSE-GRAINED STRATEGY; EQUATION-OF-STATE; INTERMOLECULAR POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICAL MODELS; VAPOR-LIQUID INTERFACES; REPLICA-EXCHANGE METHOD; LENNARD-JONES CLUSTERS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION AB Understanding and predicting the equilibrium behaviour of chemically reacting systems in highly non-ideal environments is critical to many fields of science and technology, including solvation, nanoporous materials, catalyst design, combustion and propulsion science, shock physics and many more. A method with recent success in predicting the equilibrium behaviour of reactions under non-ideal conditions is the reaction ensemble Monte Carlo method (RxMC). RxMC has been applied to reactions confined in porous solids or near solid surfaces, reactions at high temperature and/or high pressure, reactions in solution and at phase interfaces. The only required information is a description of the intermolecular forces among the system molecules and standard free-energy data for the reacting components. Extensions of the original method include its combination with algorithms for systems involving phase equilibria, constant-enthalpy and constant-internal energy adiabatic conditions, a method to include reaction kinetics, a method to study the dynamics of reacting systems, and a mesoscale method to simulate long-chain molecule phase separation. This manuscript surveys the various applications and adaptations of the RxMC method to date. Additionally, the relationship between the RxMC method and other techniques that simulate chemical reaction behaviour is given, along with insight into some technical nuances not found in the pioneering papers. C1 [Turner, C. Heath] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Brennan, John K.] USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lisal, Martin] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals, E Hala Lab Thermodynam, CR-16502 Prague, Czech Republic. [Smith, William R.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Johnson, J. Karl] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Gubbins, Keith E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Turner, CH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM hturner@eng.ua.edu RI Lisal, Martin/A-8176-2011; Smith, William/G-4404-2010; Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Lisal, Martin/0000-0001-8005-7143; Smith, William/0000-0002-1982-2050; Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 130 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 BP 119 EP 146 DI 10.1080/08927020801986564 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 298LF UT WOS:000255688500002 ER PT J AU Wang, GF Ramesh, N Hsu, A Chu, D Chen, RR AF Wang, Guofeng Ramesh, Nitia Hsu, Andrew Chu, Deryn Chen, Rongrong TI Density functional theory study of the adsorption of oxygen molecule on iron phthalocyanine and cobalt phthalocyanine SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE density functional theory; oxygen reduction; adsorption ID FUEL-CELL CATHODE; GRAPHITE-ELECTRODES; REDUCTION REACTION; CATALYST STRUCTURE; O-2 REDUCTION; ELECTROCATALYSTS; PORPHYRINS; SURFACES; WATER; DEPENDENCE AB Iron phthalocyanine (FePc) and cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) molecules have been studied in the past as possible catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) computation results of oxygen molecule (O2) adsorption on FePc and CoPc molecules are reported. For O2 on FePc, both end-on and side-on configurations are found to be energetically favourable but the end-on adsorption configurations are more stable than the side-on configurations. Moreover, our results predicted that compared to those in the end-on configuration, the adsorbed O2 molecules in the side-on configuration have weaker O-O bonds, which led us to believe that the side-on configurations would be more active in catalysing oxygen reduction reaction. In contrast, we found that only end-on configurations are energetically stable for O2 on CoPc. Based on our DFT calculation results and the corresponding experimental observations, we postulate that on the surface of transition metal phthalocyanine catalyst molecules the side-on adsorption of O2 molecules could promote four-electron oxygen reduction process while the end-on adsorption of O2 molecules would facilitate two-electron oxygen reduction process. C1 [Chen, Rongrong] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Engn Technol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Wang, Guofeng; Ramesh, Nitia; Hsu, Andrew] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Chu, Deryn] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Chen, RR (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Engn Technol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rochen@iupui.edu FU Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-07-2-0036]; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) FX The authors would like to thank Alexander Goldberg of Accelrys Inc. for technique helps. This work was partially funded by Army Research Laboratory (Project No. W911NF-07-2-0036) and Richard G. Lugar Center for Renewable Energy at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 51 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PY 2008 VL 34 IS 10-15 BP 1051 EP 1056 AR PII 904992359 DI 10.1080/08927020802258690 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 375BR UT WOS:000261088400020 ER PT S AU Teichert, RW Garcia, CC Potian, JG Schmidt, JJ Witzemann, V Olivera, BM McArdle, JJ AF Teichert, Russell W. Garcia, Carmen C. Potian, Joseph G. Schmidt, James J. Witzemann, Veit Olivera, Baldomero M. McArdle, Joseph J. BE Kaminski, HJ Barohn, RJ TI Peptide-toxin tools for probing the expression and function of fetal and adult subtypes of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor SO MYASTHENIA GRAVIS AND RELATED DISORDERS: 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorder CY MAY, 2007 CL Chicago, IL DE acetylcholine receptor; nAChR; fetal nAChR; adult nAChR; conotoxin; alpha A-conotoxin; Waglerin ID CHILDHOOD TUMORS; MESSENGER-RNAS; GAMMA-SUBUNIT; MUSCLE; RHABDOMYOSARCOMAS; NEUROTOXINS; TARGETS; VENOM AB Although the neuromuscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is one of the most intensively studied ion channels in the nervous system, the differential roles of fetal and adult subtypes of the nAChR under normal and pathological conditions are still incompletely defined. Until recently, no pharmacological tools distinguished between fetal and adult subtypes. Waglerin toxins (from snake venom) and alpha A(S)-conotoxins (from cone-snail venom) have provided such tools. Because these peptides were characterized by different research groups using different methods, we have: 1) more extensively tested their subtype selectivity, and 2) begun to explore how these peptides may be used in concert to elucidate expression patterns and functions of fetal and adult nAChRs. In heterologous expression systems and native tissues, Waglerin-1 and an alpha A(S)-conotoxin analog, alpha A-OIVA[K15N], are high-affinity, highly selective inhibitors of the adult and fetal muscle nAChRs, respectively. We have used the peptides and their fluorescent derivatives to explore the expression and function of the fetal and adult nAChR subtypes. While fluorescent derivatives of these peptides indicated a gradual transition from fetal to adult muscle nAChRs in mice during the first 2 weeks postnatal, we unexpectedly observed a steeper transition in functional expression in the mouse diaphragm muscle using electrophysiology. As a toolkit of pharmacological agents with complementary specificity, alpha A-OIVA[K15N] and Waglerin-1 should have further utility in determining the roles of fetal and adult nAChR subtypes in development, in mature tissues, and under pathological conditions. C1 [Teichert, Russell W.; Olivera, Baldomero M.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Garcia, Carmen C.; Potian, Joseph G.; McArdle, Joseph J.] UMDNJ, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Newark, NJ USA. [Schmidt, James J.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Integrated Toxicol Div, Frederick, MD USA. [Witzemann, Veit] Max Planck Inst Med Res, Zellphysiol Abt, D-69120 Heidelberg 1, Germany. RP Teichert, RW (reprint author), Vertex Pharmaceut, 11010 Torreyana Rd, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM russ_teichert@yahoo.com NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-687-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2008 VL 1132 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1196/annals.1405.015 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BHX10 UT WOS:000257139900007 PM 18567854 ER PT B AU Beekman, DW Mait, JN Doligalski, TL AF Beekman, Daniel W. Mait, Joseph N. Doligalski, Thomas L. GP IEEE TI Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology at the Army Research Laboratory SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE ID DESIGN AB The Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology program is conducting research to develop small air and ground robotic systems for acquisition and delivery of improved situational awareness to warfighters. C1 [Beekman, Daniel W.; Mait, Joseph N.] US Army, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Doligalski, Thomas L.] US Army, Res Lab, Army Res Off, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Beekman, DW (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM Dan.Beekman@us.army.mil; Joseph.Mait@us.army.mil; Thomas.Doligalski@us.army.mil NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 159 EP + DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806539 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000034 ER PT B AU Karvir, HV Skipper, JA Repperger, DW AF Karvir, Hrishikesh V. Skipper, Julie A. Repperger, Daniel W. GP IEEE TI Entropy Selective Mutual Information-Based Image Registration SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE AB Multimodal imaging systems demand sophisticated registration routines. Due to computation time and non-convergence issues, the use of traditional mutual information (MI)-based registration is impractical. We propose our sampling optimization technique with selective high entropy MI computation as a rapid and robust image registration method for real-time applications. C1 [Karvir, Hrishikesh V.; Skipper, Julie A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Repperger, Daniel W.] US Army, Res Lab, RHCV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Karvir, HV (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM karvir.2@wright.edu FU Leonard Wood Institute; U.S. Army Research Laboratory [W9 1lNF-07-2-0062] FX A portion of this research was sponsored by the Leonard Wood Institute in cooperation with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number W9 1lNF-07-2-0062. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 173 EP + DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806542 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000037 ER PT S AU Semendy, F Jaganathan, G Dhar, N Trivedi, S Bhat, I Chen, YP AF Semendy, Fred Jaganathan, Gomatam Dhar, Nibir Trivedi, Sudhir Bhat, Ishwara Chen, Yuanping BE Dobisz, EA Eldada, LA TI Synthesis and Characterization of Colloidal CdTe Nano crystals SO NANOENGINEERING: FABRICATION, PROPERTIES, OPTICS, AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoengineering - Fabrication, Properties, Optics and Devices V CY AUG 13-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Nano crystals; CdTe; Luminescence; AFM; Bandgap ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; QUANTUM; MONODISPERSE; PRECURSOR; CLUSTERS; SINGLE; SIZE AB We synthesized CdTe nano crystals (NCs) in uniform sizes and in good quality as characterized by photoluminescence (PL), AFM, and X-ray diffraction. In this growth procedure, CdTe nano-crystal band gap is strongly dependent on the growth time and not on the injection temperature or organic ligand concentration. This is very attractive because of nano-crystal size can be easily controlled by the growth time only and is very attractive for large scale synthesis. The color of the solution changes from greenish yellow to light orange then to deep orange and finally grayish black to black over a period of one hour. This is a clear indication of the gradual growth of different size (and different band gap) of CdTe nano-crystals as a function of the growth time. In other words, the size of the nano-crystal and its band gap can be controlled by adjusting the growth time after injection of the tellurium. The prepared CdTe NCs were characterized by absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL), AFM and X-ray diffraction. Measured absorption maxima are at 521, 560, 600 and 603 nm corresponding to band gaps of 2.38, 2.21,2,07 and 2.04 eV respectively for growth times of 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. From the absorption data nano-crystal growth size saturates out after 45 minutes. AFM scanning of these materials indicate that the size of these particles is between 4 - 10 nm in diameter for growth time of 45 minutes. XD-ray diffraction indicates that these nano crystals are of cubic zinc blende phase. This paper will present growth and characterization data on CdTe nano crystals for various growth times. C1 [Semendy, Fred; Dhar, Nibir; Chen, Yuanping] USA, Res Labs, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Semendy, F (reprint author), USA, Res Labs, SEDD, 2800 Powder Mill RD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7259-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7039 AR 70391L DI 10.1117/12.803826 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIU61 UT WOS:000262945300034 ER PT J AU Carey, VP Chen, G Grigoropoulos, C Kaviany, M Majumdar, A AF Carey, V. P. Chen, G. Grigoropoulos, C. Kaviany, M. Majumdar, A. TI A review of heat transfer physics SO NANOSCALE AND MICROSCALE THERMOPHYSICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE phonon; electron; fluid particle; photon; heat transfer physics; nano-and micro heat transfer; laser-base nano-processing; laser cooling of solids; nanoscale thermal radiation; molecular dynamics; thermophysical engineering; thermal transport ID LIQUID-VAPOR INTERFACE; THERMAL-BOUNDARY RESISTANCE; TRANSIENT THERMOREFLECTANCE TECHNIQUE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS EXPLORATION; SUPERSATURATED GAS-MIXTURES; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; POST-NUCLEATION GROWTH; WALL CARBON NANOTUBE; LENNARD-JONES FLUID; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB With rising science contents of the engineering research and education, we give examples of the quest for fundamental understanding of heat transfer at the atomic level. These include transport as well as interactions (energy conversion) involving phonon, electron, fluid particle, and photon (or electromagnetic wave). Examples are 1. development of MD and DSMC fluid simulations as tools in nanoscale and microscale thermophysical engineering. 2. nanoscale thermal radiation, where the characteristic structural size becomes comparable to or smaller than the radiation (electromagnetic) wavelength. 3. laser-based nanoprocessing, where the surface topography, texture, etc., are modified with nanometer lateral feature definition using pulsed laser beams and confining optical energy by coupling to near-field scanning optical microscopes. 4. photon-electron-phonon couplings in laser cooling of solids, where the thermal vibrational energy (phonon) is removed by the anti-Stokes fluorescence; i.e., the photons emitted by an optical material have a mean energy higher than that of the absorbed photons. 5. exploring the limits of thermal transport in nanostructured materials using spectrally dependent phonon scattering and vibrational spectra mismatching, to impede a particular phonon bands. These examples suggest that the atomic-level heat transfer builds on and expands electromagnetism (EM), atomic-molecular-optical physics, and condensed-matter physics. The theoretical treatments include ab initio calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, Boltzmann transport theory, and near-field EM thermal emission prediction. Experimental methods include near-field microscopy. Heat transfer physics describes the kinetics of storage, transport, and transformation of microscale energy carriers (phonon, electron,fluid particle, and photon). Sensible heat is stored in the thermal motion of atoms in various phases of matter. The atomic energy states and their populations are described by the classical and the quantum statistical mechanics (partition function and combinatoric energy distribution probabilities). Transport of thermal energy by the microscale carriers is based on their particle, quasi-particle, and wave descriptions; their diffusion, flow, and propagation, and their scattering and transformation encountered as they travel. The mechanisms of energy transitions among these energy carriers, and their rates (kinetics), are governed by the match of their energies, their interaction probabilities, and the various hindering-mechanism rate (kinetics) limits. Conservation of energy describes the interplay among energy storage, transport, and conversion,from the atomic to the continuum scales. With advances in micro- and nanotechnology, heat transfer engineering of micro- and nanostructured systems has offered new opportunities for research and education. New journals, including Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, have allowed communication of new specific/general as well directly useful/educational ideas on heat transfer physics. In an effort to give a more collective perspective of such contribution, here we put together a collection on small-scale heat transfer involving phonon, electron, fluid particle, and photon. These are 1. Development of MD and DSMC fluid simulations as tools in nanoscale and microscale thermophysical engineering (Carey) 2. Nanoscale thermal radiation (Chen) 3. Laser-based nanoprocessing (Grigoropoulos) 4. Photon-electron-phonon couplings in laser cooling of solids (Kaviany) 5. Exploring the limits of thermal transport in nanostructured materials (Majumdar). C1 [Kaviany, M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Carey, V. P.; Grigoropoulos, C.; Majumdar, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, G.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Grigoropoulos, C.; Majumdar, A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, USA, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Kaviany, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kaviany@umich.edu RI Han, Kyuhee/B-6201-2009; Chen, Gang/J-1325-2014 OI Chen, Gang/0000-0002-3968-8530 NR 183 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 9 U2 162 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-7265 EI 1556-7273 J9 NANOSC MICROSC THERM JI Nanoscale Microscale Thermophys. Eng. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 60 DI 10.1080/15567260801917520 PG 60 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 290KN UT WOS:000255121800001 ER PT B AU Blank, SJ AF Blank, Stephen J. BE Braun, A TI Is East-West integration possible? SO NATO-RUSSIA RELATIONS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SE Routledge Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, War Coll, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Blank, SJ (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-92901-8 J9 ROUTL CONTEMP RUSS E PY 2008 VL 13 BP 161 EP 184 PG 24 WC Area Studies; Political Science SC Area Studies; Government & Law GA BNZ25 UT WOS:000275923600010 ER PT J AU Johnson, EA Daugherty, KS Gallagher, SJ Moran, AV DeFord, SM AF Johnson, Erik A. Daugherty, Kelly S. Gallagher, Sarah J. Moran, Anita V. DeFord, S. Michelle TI Glutamate receptor pathology is present in the hippocampus following repeated sub-lethal soman exposure in the absence of spatial memory deficits SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soman; GD; NMDA receptor; AMPA receptor; glutamate; Morris water mazes; sub-lethal; spatial memory; GluR2; NMDAR1; NMDAR2a; NMDAR2b ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-2; PRENATAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; AGENT-INDUCED SEIZURE; 3 DIFFERENT SUBUNITS; NMDA RECEPTORS; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; GUINEA-PIGS AB Much is still unknown about the long-term effects of repeated, sub-lethal exposure to organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents, such as soman (GD), on learning and memory tasks and related protein expression in the hippocampus. In the present study, guinea pigs were exposed to sub-lethal doses of GD for 10 days and cognitive performance assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) up to 88 days post-exposure to investigate spatial learning. Additionally, hippocampal lysates were probed for cytoskeletal, synaptic and glutamate receptor proteins using Western blot analyses. No significant difference in MWM performance was observed between repeated sub-lethal GD exposed and saline control groups. However, Western blot analyses revealed significant changes in glutamate receptor protein immunoreactivity for subunits GluR2, NMDAR1, NMDAR2a and NMDAR2b in the hippocampi of GD-exposed guinea pigs. Levels of GluR2, NMDAR2a and NMDAR2b increased by 3 months post-initial exposure and returned to control levels by 6 months while NMDAR1 decreased by 6 months. No significant differences in neurofilament medium (NFM), neurofilament light (NFL) or synaptophysin densitometry were detected and alpha-II-spectrin proteolytic breakdown was also absent. These results reveal that repeated, sub-lethal exposure to GD affects glutamate receptor subunit expression but does not affect cytoskeletal protein immunoreactivity or the proteolytic state in the hippocampus. Though these changes do not affect spatial memory, they may contribute to other cognitive deficits previously observed following sub-lethal OP exposure. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Johnson, Erik A.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Comparat Med, Comparat Pathol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Johnson, Erik A.; Daugherty, Kelly S.; Gallagher, Sarah J.; Moran, Anita V.; DeFord, S. Michelle] USA, Anal Toxicol Div, Neurobehav Toxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [DeFord, S. Michelle] SE Massachusetts Univ, Dept Psychol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP Johnson, EA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Comparat Med, Comparat Pathol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Pt Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM erik.a.johnsonl@us.anny.mil NR 85 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.09.002 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 262ZO UT WOS:000253187600008 PM 17942156 ER PT J AU Mitra, A Atwood, DA Struss, J Williams, DJ McKinney, BJ Creasy, WR McGarvey, DJ Durst, HD Fry, R AF Mitra, Amitabha Atwood, David A. Struss, Jeffrey Williams, Daniel J. McKinney, Bradley J. Creasy, William R. McGarvey, David J. Durst, H. Dupont Fry, Roderick TI Group 13 chelates in nerve gas agent and pesticide dealkylation SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLAVOBACTERIUM SP; VX; DEGRADATION; HYDROLYSIS; PARATHION; SOIL AB Schiff base boron and aluminium bromides have been used to cleave organophosphate nerve agents and pesticides and their simulants: salben((t)Bu)[BBr(2)](2) was very effective in cleaving the VX simulants EMPPT and DEPPT and nerve agent VX; salen((t)Bu)AlBr was effective in cleaving the nerve agents VX and Soman and the pesticide Diazinon. C1 [Mitra, Amitabha; Atwood, David A.; Struss, Jeffrey] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Williams, Daniel J.; McKinney, Bradley J.] Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. [Williams, Daniel J.; Creasy, William R.; McGarvey, David J.; Fry, Roderick] SAIC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Durst, H. Dupont] USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Mitra, A (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM datwood@uky.edu; dwilliam@kennesaw.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PY 2008 VL 32 IS 5 BP 783 EP 785 DI 10.1039/b717041f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 299GH UT WOS:000255743600006 ER PT J AU Rodondi, N Auer, R Devine, PJ O'Malley, PG Hayoz, D Cornuz, J AF Rodondi, Nicolas Auer, Reto Devine, Patrick J. O'Malley, Patrick G. Hayoz, Daniel Cornuz, Jacques TI The impact of carotid plaque screening on motivation for smoking cessation SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BEAM COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ASYMPTOMATIC INDIVIDUALS; BEHAVIORAL-CHANGE; CASE-MANAGEMENT; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EFFICACY; SMOKERS AB Showing smokers their own atherosclerotic plaques might increase motivation for smoking cessation, since they underestimate their own risk for smoking-related diseases. To assess the feasibility and optimal processes of studying the impact of carotid atherosclerotic plaque screening in smokers, we enrolled 30 daily cigarette smokers, aged 40-70 years, in an observational pre-post pilot study. All smokers underwent smoking cessation counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, a carotid ultrasound, an educational tutorial on atherosclerosis, baseline and 2-month motivation to change assessment, and assessment of smoking cessation at 2 months. Participants had a mean smoking duration of 34 years (SD=7). Carotid plaques were present in 22 smokers (73%). Between baseline and 2 months after plaque screening, motivation for smoking cessation increased from 7.4 to 8.4 out of 10 (p=.02), particularly in those with plaques (7.2 to 8.7, p=.008). At 2 months, the smoking quit rate was 63%, with a quit rate of 73% in those with plaques vs. 38% in those without plaques (p=.10). Perceived stress, anxiety, and depression did not increase after screening. 96% of respondents answered correctly at least 80% of questions regarding atherosclerosis knowledge at baseline and after 2 months. In conclusion, studying the process of screening for carotid plaques for the purpose of increasing motivation for smoking cessation, in addition to counseling and drug therapy for smoking cessation in long-term smokers, appears feasible. The impact of carotid plaque screening on smoking cessation should be examined in larger randomized controlled trials with sufficient power to assess the impact on long-term smoking cessation rates. C1 [Rodondi, Nicolas; Auer, Reto; O'Malley, Patrick G.; Cornuz, Jacques] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ambulatory Care & Community Med, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Devine, Patrick J.; O'Malley, Patrick G.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [O'Malley, Patrick G.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. [Hayoz, Daniel] Univ Lausanne, Dept Med, Div Vasc Med, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Rodondi, N (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Dept Ambulatory Care & Community Med, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM nicolas.rodondi@hospvd.ch NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 3 BP 541 EP 546 DI 10.1080/14622200801902011 PG 6 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 271BH UT WOS:000253763400019 PM 18324574 ER PT S AU Anastasi, RF AF Anastasi, Robert F. BE Shull, PJ Wu, HF Diaz, AA Vogel, DW TI Investigation of fiber waviness in a thick glass composite beam using THz NDE SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS, AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND HOMELAND SECURITY 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security 2008 CY MAR 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engn, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE terahertz; nondestructive evaluation; laminated composite; waviness ID TERAHERTZ; TIME; TECHNOLOGY; EQUATIONS AB Fiber waviness in laminated composite material is introduced during manufacture because of uneven curing, resin shrinkage, or ply buckling caused by bending the composite lay-up into its final shape prior to curing. The resulting waviness has a detrimental effect on mechanical properties, therefore this condition is important to detect and characterize. Ultrasonic characterization methods are difficult to interpret because elastic wave propagation is highly dependent on ply orientation and material stresses. By comparison, the pulsed terahertz response of the composite is shown to provide clear indications of the fiber waviness. Pulsed Terahertz NDE is an electromagnetic inspection method that operates in the frequency range between 300 GHz and 3 THz. Its propagation is influenced by refractive index variations and interfaces. This work applies pulsed Terahertz NDE to the inspection of a thick composite beam with fiber waviness. The sample is a laminated glass composite material approximately 15mm thick with a 90-degree bend. Terahertz response from the planar section, away from the bend, is indicative of a homogeneous material with no major reflections from internal plies, while the multiple reflections at the bend area correspond to the fiber waviness. Results of these measurements are presented for the planar and bend areas. C1 USA, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA Langley Res Ctr,AMSRD ARL VT MD,Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Anastasi, RF (reprint author), USA, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA Langley Res Ctr,AMSRD ARL VT MD,Res Lab, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7120-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6934 AR 69340K DI 10.1117/12.776765 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BHW62 UT WOS:000257064400018 ER PT J AU Madsen, JD Stewart, RM Getsinger, KD Johnson, RL Wersal, RM AF Madsen, John D. Stewart, R. Michael Getsinger, Kurt D. Johnson, Robert L. Wersal, Ryan M. TI Aquatic plant communities in Waneta Lake and Lamoka Lake, New York SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MACROPHYTES; MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM L; EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; STUCKENIA-PECTINATA; HERON LAKE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; VEGETATION; HABITAT AB A point-intercept survey was implemented in August 2000 to determine the distribution and richness of aquatic plant species present in Waneta Lake and Lamoka Lake, NY. Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil) was the most commonly observed species in Waneta Lake (25% of entire lake, 78% of littoral zone) and Lamoka Lake (43% of entire lake, 77% of littoral zone). Eurasian watermilfoil biomass (24.3 g DW/m(2)) was also significantly greater (p <= 0.001) in Waneta Lake than native plant biomass. Our data suggests that Eurasian watermilfoil is invading the native plant communities of Waneta Lake and Lamoka Lake, thereby displacing native plants and limiting their growth to the shallow waters of the littoral zone. C1 [Madsen, John D.; Wersal, Ryan M.] Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Stewart, R. Michael; Getsinger, Kurt D.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Johnson, Robert L.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Madsen, JD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Box 9652, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jmadsen@gri.msstate.edu NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 BP 97 EP 110 DI 10.1656/1092-6194(2008)15[97:APCIWL]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 288DS UT WOS:000254967000009 ER PT J AU Dobony, CA Rainbolt, RE AF Dobony, Christopher A. Rainbolt, Raymond E. TI American Woodcock on Fort Drum Military Installation, New York SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL RATES AB American Woodcock singing-ground surveys (SGS) have been conducted annually on Fort Drum Military Installation since 1992 (excluding 1993 and 2000). These SGS indicate Fort Drum has a stable to slightly increasing breeding woodcock population, with average numbers of males heard per route ranging between 13.00 and 22.58 birds. These numbers are significantly higher, and in stark contrast, to many parts of the American Woodcock's range, where numbers have been in decline for over 30 years. We suggest that current forest management practices and military training create favorable successional regimes that satisfy all necessary life-history requirements and help sustain these densities of breeding woodcock at Fort Drum. C1 [Dobony, Christopher A.; Rainbolt, Raymond E.] USA, Nat Resources Branch, Environm Div, IMNE DRM PWE, Ft Drum, NY 13602 USA. RP Dobony, CA (reprint author), USA, Nat Resources Branch, Environm Div, IMNE DRM PWE, 85 1st St W, Ft Drum, NY 13602 USA. EM chris.dobony@us.army.mil NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1656/1092-6194(2008)15[241:AWOFDM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317VI UT WOS:000257047900007 ER PT B AU Goyal, A Wiegand, DA Owens, FJ Iqbal, Z AF Goyal, A. Wiegand, D. A. Owens, F. J. Iqbal, Z. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI High Strength Metal-Carbon Nanotube Composites SO NSTI NANOTECH 2008, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS: MATERIALS, FABRICATION, PARTICLES, AND CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2008) CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Accelrys Software, Ace Glass, Advance Reprod Corp, Adv Mat Technolog Pte Ltd, Agilent Technol, AIXTRON AG, AJA Int, ALM, Amuneal Mfg Corp, ANSYS, Anton Paar, Appl MicroStruct, Appl Surface Technol, Arkalon Chem Technolog, LLC, Arkema Grp, Artech House Publishers, Asemblon, ASML, Asylum Res, AZoNano, Banner & Witcoff, Beckman Coulter, Bio Nano Counsulting, BioForce Nanosci, Boneer Corp, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Purdue Univ, Discovery Pk, Brookhaven Instruments Corp, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler AG, Business Week, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Capovani Brothers, Los Alamos, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Cheap tubes, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, COMSOL, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Core Technol Grp, CRESTEC Corp, CSEM, CVI Melles Griot, Dept Innovat, Ind, Sci & Res, Digital Matrix, Draiswerke, ETH Zurich, Eulitha AG, Marks & Clerk, Marubent Techno Syst Corp, Massachusetts Technol Transfer Ctr, Mat Res Soc, Merck & Co, Microfluidics, Micromerit Instrument Corp, Microtrac, MINAT 2008, Messe Stuttgart, Minus K Technol, Misonix, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Motorola, Nano Korea 2008, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech 2009 Japan, Nano Technol Res Assoc Korea, NanoAndMore USA, NanoDynamics, NanoEurope 2008, NanoInk, Nanomotion, Nanon Imaging Ltd, NANOSENSORS, Nanosyst Initiat Munich, Nanotech No Europe 2008, nano Tox, Nano World AG, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIH, Natl Nanomfg Network, Natl Nanotechnol Infrastruct, GATech, Microelect Res Ctr, Nat Nano, Nat Publishing Grp, NETZSCH Fine Particle Technol LLC, NIL Technol ApS, Novomer, NTT Adv Technol Corp, Olympus Ind Amer, OSEC, Business Network Switzerland, Oxford Instruments, Particle Technol Labs, Penn State Univ, Photon Spectra, Physik Instrumente LP, picoDrill SA, Piezo Inst, PVD Prod, Q Sense, Quantum Analyt, Raith USA, European Patent Off, Evans Analyt Grp, EXAKT Technologies, First Nano, Flow Sci, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLP, Greater Houston Partnership, Greenberg Traurig LLP, Halcyonics, Headwaters Technol Innovat LLC, Heidelberg Instruments, Hielscher USA, HighNano Analyti, Hiscock & Barclay LLP, Hitachi High Technologies Amer, Hochschule Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, HOCKMEYER Equipment Corp, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, IBU-tec adv mat GmbH, IDA Ireland, ImageXpert, Inspec, Inc, IEEE, Inst Nanoscale & Quantum Sci & Technol Adv Res, IntelliSense Software Corp, Invest Germany, IOP Publishing, Italian Trade Commiss, JENOPTIK, Justus Liebig Univ, KAUST, Keithley Instruments, Kelvin Nanotechnol Ltd, Kodak, Kotobuki Ind Co, Ltd, Lake Shore Cryotron, MACRO M, NanoClay, Res Germany Land Ideas, RKS Legal Solut LLC, Dandia Natl Labs, Scottish Enterprise, SEMTech Solut, Serendip, Silvix Corp, SNS Nano Fiber Technol LLC, SoftMEMS LLC, Son & Mat, SW Nano Technologies, Specialty Coating Syst, Spectrum Labs, SPEX SamplePrep LLC, Springer, Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, Strem Chem, Sukgyung A T Co, Lts, Surrey NanoSyst, SUSS MicroTec, Swissnanotech Pavilion, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Technovel Corp, Tekna Plasma Syst, Thinky Corp, Thomas Swan & Co Ltd, UGL Unicco, UK Trade & Investment, UniJet, Univ Munster, Univ Appl Sci, Univ Duisburg, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg, Vecco Instruments, Wasatch Mol Inc, Weidmann Plast Technol, Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP, Willy A Bachofen AG, WITec GmbH, World Gold Council DE metal composites; nanocomposites; chemical vapor deposition; carbon nanotubes; yield strength ID WALLED CARBON; NANOCOMPOSITES; SPECTROSCOPY; POROSITY; GROWTH AB Uniform dispersion of pre-synthesized nanotubes in metal matrices is difficult to achieve, and there is substantial damage to the nanotubes during subsequent composite fabrication. The demonstration of an in-situ process involving chemical vapor deposition of single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes into iron matrices without the concomitant formation of iron carbides is reported here. It was found that the yield strength of carbide-free iron-carbon nanotube composites increased up to 45% with about 1 wt % of infiltrated single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and 36% with similar to 1 wt % multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), relative to that of similarly treated pure iron matrices of the same piece density. Vickers hardness coefficients were also substantially enhanced - 74% and 96%, respectively, for composites with SWNTs and MWNTs relative to the metal matrices without nanotubes. C1 [Goyal, A.; Iqbal, Z.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Wiegand, D. A.; Owens, F. J.] US Army Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Goyal, A (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM ag28@njit.edu; donald.wiegand@us.army.mil; frank.owens1@us.army.mil; iqbal@njit.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8503-7 PY 2008 BP 198 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BMF46 UT WOS:000272169500053 ER PT B AU Zunino, J Skelton, DR AF Zunino, J., III Skelton, D. R. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Assessment of the Impacts of Packaging, Long-Term Storage, and Transportation on the Military MEMS SO NSTI NANOTECH 2008, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2008) CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Accelrys Software, Ace Glass, Advance Reprod Corp, Adv Mat Technologies Pte Ltd, Agilent Technologies, AIXTRON AG, AJA Int, ALM, Amuneal Mfg Corp, ANSYS, Anton Paar USA, Appl MicroStruct, Appl Surface Technologies, Arkalon Chem Technologies, LLC, Arkema Grp, Artech House Publishers, Asemblon, ASML, Asylum Res, AZoNano, Banner & Witcoff, Beckman Coulter, Bio Nano Counsulting, BioForce Nanosci, Boneer Corp, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Purdue Univ, Discovery Pk, Brookhaven Instruments Corp, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler AG, Business Week, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Capovani Brothers, Los Alamos, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Cheap tubes, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, COMSOL, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Core Technol Grp, CRESTEC Corp, CSEM, CVI Melles Griot, Dept Innovat, Ind, Sci & Res, Digital Matirx, Draiswerke, ETH Zurich, Eulitha AG, Marks & Clerk, Marubent Techno Syst Corp, Massachusetts Technol Transfer Ctr, Mat Res Soc, Merck & Co, Microfluidics, Micromerit Instrument Corp, Microtrac, MINAT 2008, Messe Stuttgart, Minus K Technol, Misonix, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Motorola, Nano Korea 2008, Nano Sci & Technol Inst`, nano tech 2009 Japan, Nano Technol Res Assoc Korea, NanoAndMore USA, NanoDynamics, NanoEurope 2008, NanoInk, Nanomotion, Nanon Imaging Ltd, NANOSENSORS, Nanosyst Initiat Munich, Nanotech No Europe 2008, nano Tox, Nano World AG`, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIH, Natl Nanomfg Network, Natl Nanotechnol Infrastruct, GATech, Microelect Res Ctr, Nat Nano, Nat Publishing Grp, NETZSCH Fine Particle Technol LLC, NIL Technol ApS, Novomer, NTT Adv Technol Corp, Olympus Ind Amer, OSEC, Business Network Switzerland, Oxford Instruments, Particle Technol Labs, Penn State Univ, Photon Spectra, Physik Instrumente LP, picoDrill SA, Piezo Inst, PVD Prod, Q Sense, Quantum Analyt, Raith USA, European Patent Off, Evans Analyt Grp, EXAKT Technologies, First Nano, Flow Sci, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLP, Greater Houston Partnership, Greenberg Traurig LLP, Halcyonics, Headwaters Technol Innovat LLC, Heidelberg Instruments, Hielscher USA, HighNano Analyti, Hiscock & Barclay LLP, Hitachi High Technologies Amr, Hochschule Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, HOCKMEYER Equipment Corp, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, IBU tec adv mat GmbH, IDA Ireland, ImageXpert, Inspec, Inc, IEEE, Inst Nanoscale & Quantum Sci & Technol Adv Res, IntelliSense Software Corp, Invest Germany, IOP Publishing, Italian Trade Commiss, JENOPTIK, Justus Liebig Univ, KAUST, Keithley Instruments, Kelvin Nanotechnol Ltd, Kodak, Kotobuki Ind Co, Ltd, Lake Shore Cryotron, MACRO M, NanoClay, Res Germany Land Ideas, RKS Legal Solut LLC, Dandia Natl Labs, Scottish Enterprise, SEMTech Solut, Serendip, Silvix Corp, SNS Nano Fiber Technol LLC, SoftMEMS LLC, Son & Mat, SW Nano Technologies, Specialty Coating Syst, Spectrum Labs, SPEX SamplePrep LLC, Springer, Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, Strem Chem, Sukgyung A T Co, Lts, Surrey NanoSyst, SUSS MicroTec, Swissnanotech Pavilion, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Technovel Corp, Tekna Plasma Syst, Thinky Corp, Thomas Swan & Co Ltd, UGL Unicco, UK Trade & Investment, UniJet, Univ Muenster, Univ Appl Sci, Univ Duisburg, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg, Vecco Instruments, Wasatch Mol Inc, Weidmann Plast Technol, Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP, Willy A Bachofen AG, WITec GmbH, World Gold Council DE MEMS; Reliability; Quality; Failure Modes; Storage AB The Army is transforming into a more lethal, lighter and agile force. Enabling technologies that support this transition must decrease in size while increasing in intelligence. Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are one such technology that the Army and DoD will rely on heavily to accomplish these objectives. Conditions for utilization of MEMS by the military are unique. Operational and storage environments for the military are significantly different than those found in the commercial sector. Issues unique to the military include: high G-forces during gun launch, extreme temperature and humidity ranges, extended periods of inactivity (20 years plus) and interaction with explosives and propellants. The military operational environments in which MEMS will be stored or required to function are extreme and far surpass any commercial operating conditions. The impact of these environments on the functionality of MEMS has not been assessed. Furthermore, a standardized methodology for conducting these analyses does not exist. To facilitate the insertion of MEMS technologies in weapon systems, U.S. Army ARDEC is addressing the information gaps delineated above. This will benefit the MEMS user community by providing data on failure modes induced by packaging, transportation and storage for selected devices. These data will then be used to develop a impacts in the early stages of development. C1 [Zunino, J., III; Skelton, D. R.] USA, RDE Command, AMSRD AAE MEE M, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Zunino, J (reprint author), USA, RDE Command, AMSRD AAE MEE M, Bldg 60 Picatinny Arsenal, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. EM james.zunino@us.army.mil; donald.skelton@us.army.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8503-7 PY 2008 BP 940 EP 943 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BMF46 UT WOS:000272169500247 ER PT B AU Zunino, J Lim, HC AF Zunino, J., III Lim, H. C. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Development of Active Systems for Military Utilization SO NSTI NANOTECH 2008, VOL 3, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2008) CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Accelrys Software, Ace Glass, Advance Reprod Corp, Adv Mat Technologies Pte Ltd, Agilent Technologies, AIXTRON AG, AJA Int, ALM, Amuneal Mfg Corp, ANSYS, Anton Paar USA, Appl MicroStruct, Appl Surface Technologies, Arkalon Chem Technologies, LLC, Arkema Grp, Artech House Publishers, Asemblon, ASML, Asylum Res, AZoNano, Banner & Witcoff, Beckman Coulter, Bio Nano Counsulting, BioForce Nanosci, Boneer Corp, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Purdue Univ, Discovery Pk, Brookhaven Instruments Corp, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler AG, Business Week, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Capovani Brothers, Los Alamos, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Cheap tubes, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, COMSOL, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Core Technol Grp, CRESTEC Corp, CSEM, CVI Melles Griot, Dept Innovat, Ind, Sci & Res, Digital Matirx, Draiswerke, ETH Zurich, Eulitha AG, Marks & Clerk, Marubent Techno Syst Corp, Massachusetts Technol Transfer Ctr, Mat Res Soc, Merck & Co, Microfluidics, Micromerit Instrument Corp, Microtrac, MINAT 2008, Messe Stuttgart, Minus K Technol, Misonix, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Motorola, Nano Korea 2008, Nano Sci & Technol Inst`, nano tech 2009 Japan, Nano Technol Res Assoc Korea, NanoAndMore USA, NanoDynamics, NanoEurope 2008, NanoInk, Nanomotion, Nanon Imaging Ltd, NANOSENSORS, Nanosyst Initiat Munich, Nanotech No Europe 2008, nano Tox, Nano World AG`, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIH, Natl Nanomfg Network, Natl Nanotechnol Infrastruct, GATech, Microelect Res Ctr, Nat Nano, Nat Publishing Grp, NETZSCH Fine Particle Technol LLC, NIL Technol ApS, Novomer, NTT Adv Technol Corp, Olympus Ind Amer, OSEC, Business Network Switzerland, Oxford Instruments, Particle Technol Labs, Penn State Univ, Photon Spectra, Physik Instrumente LP, picoDrill SA, Piezo Inst, PVD Prod, Q Sense, Quantum Analyt, Raith USA, European Patent Off, Evans Analyt Grp, EXAKT Technologies, First Nano, Flow Sci, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLP, Greater Houston Partnership, Greenberg Traurig LLP, Halcyonics, Headwaters Technol Innovat LLC, Heidelberg Instruments, Hielscher USA, HighNano Analyti, Hiscock & Barclay LLP, Hitachi High Technologies Amr, Hochschule Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, HOCKMEYER Equipment Corp, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, IBU tec adv mat GmbH, IDA Ireland, ImageXpert, Inspec, Inc, IEEE, Inst Nanoscale & Quantum Sci & Technol Adv Res, IntelliSense Software Corp, Invest Germany, IOP Publishing, Italian Trade Commiss, JENOPTIK, Justus Liebig Univ, KAUST, Keithley Instruments, Kelvin Nanotechnol Ltd, Kodak, Kotobuki Ind Co, Ltd, Lake Shore Cryotron, MACRO M, NanoClay, Res Germany Land Ideas, RKS Legal Solut LLC, Dandia Natl Labs, Scottish Enterprise, SEMTech Solut, Serendip, Silvix Corp, SNS Nano Fiber Technol LLC, SoftMEMS LLC, Son & Mat, SW Nano Technologies, Specialty Coating Syst, Spectrum Labs, SPEX SamplePrep LLC, Springer, Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, Strem Chem, Sukgyung A T Co, Lts, Surrey NanoSyst, SUSS MicroTec, Swissnanotech Pavilion, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Technovel Corp, Tekna Plasma Syst, Thinky Corp, Thomas Swan & Co Ltd, UGL Unicco, UK Trade & Investment, UniJet, Univ Muenster, Univ Appl Sci, Univ Duisburg, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg, Vecco Instruments, Wasatch Mol Inc, Weidmann Plast Technol, Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP, Willy A Bachofen AG, WITec GmbH, World Gold Council DE Army; military; sensors; coatings; active systems AB The US Army is transforming into a lighter yet more lethal "objective force", all while fighting wars in the Middle East. Therefore, advanced technologies and materials are being developed and integrated into current and future weapon systems. These weapon systems must be deployable, be 70% lighter and 50% smaller than current armored combat systems, while maintaining equivalent lethality and survivability. To meet these requirements Army scientists and engineers are capitalizing on new technological breakthroughs. Members of US Army ARDEC are developing active materials and sensor systems for use on various military platforms, incorporating unique properties such as self repair, selective removal, corrosion resistance, sensing, ability to modify coatings' physical properties, colorizing, and alerting logistics staff when weapon systems require more extensive repair. The ability to custom design and integrate novel technologies into functionalized systems is the driving force towards the creation and advancement of active systems. Active systems require the development and advancement of numerous technologies across various energy domains (e.g. electrical, mechanical, chemical, optical, biological, etc.). These active systems are being utilized for condition based maintenance, battlefield damage assessment, ammunition assurance & safety, and other military applications. C1 [Zunino, J., III] USA, RDE Command, AMSRD AAE MEE M, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Zunino, J (reprint author), USA, RDE Command, AMSRD AAE MEE M, Bldg 60 Picatinny Arsenal, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. EM james.zunino@us.army.mil; hcl4186@njit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8505-1 PY 2008 BP 194 EP 197 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BMF51 UT WOS:000272170200052 ER PT J AU Sreedharan, SS Tafti, DK Rozati, A Blackwell, NE AF Sreedharan, Sai Shrinivas Tafti, Danesh K. Rozati, Ali Blackwell, Neal E. TI Heat-mass transfer and friction characteristics of profiled pins at low Reynolds numbers in minichannels SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FIN ARRAYS; PRESSURE-DROP; FLOW; OPTIMIZATION; EXCHANGERS; SURFACE AB Three pin fin array geometries (T60, T90, and T120) are investigated at low Reynolds numbers, Re-D < 350, in a channel. The number in T60, T90, and T120 denotes the angle made by the pin surface with the end wall. Results show that the T120 pin is the most effective in facilitating momentum transport along the height of the pin and mitigates the undesired effect of low momentum and recirculating wakes. Additionally, pin T120 causes localized flow acceleration between pins near the end wall, which results in high heat transfer coefficients at the end wall. Overall, T120 has the highest heat transfer (augmentation ratio 2.9 at Re-D = 325), without any increase in friction factor (augmentation ratio 8.3 at Re-D = 325) from the baseline configuration of T90. However, T120 results in a large reduction in end-wall surface area, which reduces overall conductance, and in this respect T60 is superior in the range Re-D < 150. A performance study of conductance under the constraint of the same pumping power in an equivalent plane channel shows that the profiled geometries T60 and T120 augment conductance between 40% and 250% over an equivalent channel. C1 [Sreedharan, Sai Shrinivas; Tafti, Danesh K.; Rozati, Ali] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Blackwell, Neal E.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Tafti, DK (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 114-I Randolph Hall,Mailcode 0238, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dtafti@vt.edu RI Tafti, Danesh/A-7486-2009 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-7782 J9 NUMER HEAT TR A-APPL JI Numer. Heat Tranf. A-Appl. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 130 EP 150 DI 10.1080/10407780802025598 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 315LL UT WOS:000256881400002 ER PT S AU Buist, I Potter, S Zabilansky, L Guarino, A Mullin, J AF Buist, I. Potter, S. Zabilansky, L. Guarino, A. Mullin, J. BE Davidson, WF Lee, K Cogswell, A TI Recent mid-scale research on using oil herding surfactants to thicken oil slicks in pack ice for in-situ burning SO OIL SPILL RESPONSE: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO CCMS Workshop on Oil Spill Responde CY OCT 11-13, 2006 CL Dartmouth, CANADA SP NATO CCMS DE herding; oil slicks; pack ice; in situ burning; oil spill response AB Preliminary and small-scale laboratory testing at the scale of I and 10 m(2) of the concept of using chemical herding agents to thicken oil slicks among loose pack ice for the purpose of in-situ burning was completed in 2004. The encouraging results obtained from these tests prompted further research to be carried out. This paper will present the results of additional testing at larger scales at CRREL and at Ohmsett. The additional phases of the work involved: Conducting a test program at the scale of 100 m(2) in the Ice Engineering Research Facility Test Basin at the US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) in November 2005. Conducting a test program at the scale of 1,000 m(2) at Ohmsett in natural or artificial pack ice in February 2006. A series of burn tests at the scale of 50 m(2) with herders and crude oil in a pit containing broken sea ice is planned for November 2006 in Prudhoe Bay, AK. The results of the first two phases of the testing will be presented and the plans for the November burn tests will be discussed. C1 [Buist, I.; Potter, S.] SL Ross Environm Res Ltd, Ottawa, ON K1G 0Z4, Canada. [Zabilansky, L.] USACE Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. [Guarino, A.] Ohmsett Facil, Atlantic Highlands, NJ 07716 USA. [Mullin, J.] US Minerals Management Serv, Engn & Res Branch, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. RP Buist, I (reprint author), SL Ross Environm Res Ltd, 200-717 Belfast Rd, Ottawa, ON K1G 0Z4, Canada. EM ian@slross.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8563-5 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2008 BP 41 EP 62 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8565-9_6 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BIB44 UT WOS:000258136600003 ER PT J AU Metz, E AF Metz, Edward TI Riding the waves of today's online web tools SO ONLINE LA English DT Article C1 Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. RP Metz, E (reprint author), Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. EM edward.metz@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ONLINE INC PI WILTON PA 213 DANBURY RD, WILTON, CT 06897-4007 USA SN 0146-5422 J9 ONLINE JI Online PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 18 EP 21 PG 4 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 257JC UT WOS:000252794100004 ER PT B AU Foote, BL Murty, KG AF Foote, Bobbie L. Murty, Katta G. BE Ravindran, AR TI Production Systems SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCE HANDBOOK SE Operations Research Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAYOUT C1 [Foote, Bobbie L.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Murty, Katta G.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-9721-9 J9 OPER RES SER PY 2008 PG 30 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BJY39 UT WOS:000267418500019 ER PT J AU Fechter, HP AF Fechter, Herbert P. TI Improvised 3-0 polypropylene plug for the glaucoma drainage tube during phacoemulsification SO OPHTHALMIC SURGERY LASERS & IMAGING LA English DT Article AB Overfiltration through a preexisting glaucoma drainage tube can make subsequent phacoemulsification surgery more challenging due to a dangerously shallow anterior chamber. The author improvised a 3-0 polypropylene plug to occlude the implant tube during phacoemulsification in two patients with uveitic glaucoma and a prior Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device. The improvised plug safely and effectively maintained the anterior chamber during phacoemulsification. A 3-0 polypropylene suture can be tied, trimmed, and inserted into a glaucoma drainage implant tube, in select cases, to maintain the anterior chamber during cataract surgery. C1 [Fechter, Herbert P.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Fechter, Herbert P.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Fechter, HP (reprint author), 602 Cloisters Way, Evans, GA 30809 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 1542-8877 J9 OPHTHAL SURG LAS IM JI Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers Imaging PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 86 EP 87 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 253GA UT WOS:000252505500019 PM 18254361 ER PT S AU Hacker, HD Lund, J Cheramie, R Stuck, BE AF Hacker, Henry D. Lund, Jack Cheramie, Rachel Stuck, Bruce E. BE Manns, F Soderberg, PG Ho, A Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Ocular laser bioeffects in operation Iraqi freedom - art. no. 68441P SO OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY JAN 19-21, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE laser; designator; optical coherence tomography; retinal bum; photocoagulation; laser injury ID MECHANISMS; INJURIES; DAMAGE AB Laser hazards on the modem battlefield include numerous applications with the potential for eye damage from both pulsed and high luminance continuous energy laser devices. The multitude of laser devices deployed both by friendly and threat forces represent a significant hazard to vision, and consequently duty performance. Increased application of high luminance devices for tactical use may result in accidental exposure and temporary or persistent symptoms. These symptoms may be confounded by ongoing ocular retinal disorders. The management of these patients requires additional laser training to prevent injury as well as more experience and training for first responders in order to triage individuals with vision disturbances thought secondary to ocular laser exposure. C1 [Hacker, Henry D.; Lund, Jack; Cheramie, Rachel; Stuck, Bruce E.] USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Hacker, HD (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7019-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6844 BP P8441 EP P8441 DI 10.1117/12.764311 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Ophthalmology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHP03 UT WOS:000254982000031 ER PT J AU Matchko, RM Gerhart, GR AF Matchko, Roy M. Gerhart, Grant R. TI High-speed imaging chopper polarimetry SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE polarization; imaging polarimetry; Stokes parameters; image acquisition; image processing; skylight AB The Stokes method provides a seminal method for the determination of the state of polarization of a beam of light using measurable quantities. This paper presents a methodology for the rapid acquisition of the four Stokes parameters. We have been able to acquire images at the rate of 500 images per second using a high-speed video camera. Using the camera, an optical chopper, a computer system containing a framegrabber, and software to coordinate all elements of the system, the four Stokes parameters have been acquired in 6 ms. Included in this paper is a description of all elements of the system, the calibration of the camera and polarization elements, the design of the imaging chopper polarimeter, and corrections related to rotation of polarization elements during exposure. A discussion of errors includes variations in pixel sensitivity, ill-conditioning of the Stokes parameters, aperture clipping, quasi-monochromatic approximation, and variations in the Stokes parameters during data acquisition. Validation and testing of the methodology includes a comparison of empirical and theoretical skylight polarization parameters and values related to known, rapidly changing polarization states using several different bandwidth filters. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Matchko, Roy M.] Battelle Sci Serv Program, Payson, AZ 85541 USA. [Gerhart, Grant R.] USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Matchko, RM (reprint author), Battelle Sci Serv Program, 1307 W Remuda Way, Payson, AZ 85541 USA. EM rmatchko@msn.com NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 AR 016001 DI 10.1117/1.2829767 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 270JR UT WOS:000253717600029 ER PT J AU O'Shea, PD Jacobs, EL Espinola, RL AF O'Shea, Patrick D. Jacobs, Eddie L. Espinola, Richard L. TI Effects of image compression on sensor performance SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE imaging system performance; perception experiments; image compression ID TARGET ACQUISITION AB As the number of fielded sensors proliferates, sensors are being implemented in sensor networks with wired or wireless exchange of information. To handle the expanding load of data with limited network bandwidth resources, both still and moving imagery can be highly compressed. However, high levels of compression are not error-free, and the resulting images contain artifacts that may adversely affect the ability of observers to detect or identify targets of interest. This paper attempts to quantify the effect of image compression on observer tasks such as target identification. We addressed two typical compression algorithms, at two levels of compression, in a series of controlled perception experiments to isolate and quantify the effects on observer task performance. We find that the performance loss caused by image compression is well modeled by the use of an effective per-pixel blur, and give those blurs for the cases we used. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [O'Shea, Patrick D.] Redstone Tech Test Ctr, CSTE DTC RT E SA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. [Jacobs, Eddie L.] Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Espinola, Richard L.] USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP O'Shea, PD (reprint author), Redstone Tech Test Ctr, CSTE DTC RT E SA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 AR 013202 DI 10.1117/1.2829770 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 270JR UT WOS:000253717600008 ER PT S AU Beyer, RA AF Beyer, Richard A. BE Dickey, FM Beyer, RA TI Small-scale laser ignition of a transparent liquid propellant SO OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR ARMING, SAFING, FUZING, AND FIRING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Technologies for Arming Safing, Fuzing, and Firing IV CY AUG 13-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Laser ignition; liquid propellant; pressure AB The ignition of the liquid gun propellant (LGP) 1846 or XM46 by 1-mu m neodymium (Nd):glass laser light has been explored under conditions of confinement. Variation in ignition delay with energy and initial pressure are explored. Good repeatability, millisecond delay times, and reasonable pulse energy requirements characterize the observations. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Beyer, RA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7290-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7070 AR 707003 DI 10.1117/12.795385 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BIZ50 UT WOS:000263959200002 ER PT J AU Aubailly, M Vorontsov, MA AF Aubailly, Mathieu Vorontsov, Mikhail A. TI Imaging with an array of adaptive subapertures SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISTORTION AB An imaging system composed of an array of adaptive optics subapertures referred to as a conformal imaging system is considered. A conformal image of an object viewed through atmospheric turbulence is obtained using the following sequential steps: adaptive compensation of phase distortions through optimization of image quality metrics at each subaperture, measurements of the phase and intensity distributions corresponding to the compensated subaperture images, digital combining and processing of the obtained data, computation of a conformal image using arbitrary phase shifts between subapertures, and correction of these phase shifts through conformal image quality optimization using the stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm. Numerical simulation results of a dual-star conformal image through atmospheric turbulence are presented. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Aubailly, Mathieu; Vorontsov, Mikhail A.] Univ Maryland, Intelligent Opt Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Vorontsov, Mikhail A.] Army Res Lab, Comp & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Aubailly, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Intelligent Opt Lab, 2107 Technol Ventures Bldg, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM mathieu@umd.edu NR 5 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 10 EP 12 DI 10.1364/OL.33.000010 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 255HL UT WOS:000252648700006 PM 18157241 ER PT S AU Zhou, WM Okusaga, O Nelson, C Howe, D Carter, G AF Zhou, Weimin Okusaga, Olukayode Nelson, Craig Howe, David Carter, Gary BE Eldada, LA Lee, EH TI 10 GHz dual loop opto-electronic oscillator without RF-amplifiers SO OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits X CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA DE Opto-Electronic Oscillator; RF-Photonics; microwave photonics; phase noise ID PHASE NOISE; MICROWAVE AB We report the first demonstration of a 10 GHz dual-fiber-loop Opto-Electronic Oscillator (OEO) without RF-amplifiers. Using a recently developed highly efficient RF-Photonic link with RF-to-RF gain facilitated by a high power laser, highly efficient optical modulator and high power phototectectors, we have built an amplifier-less OEO that eliminates the phase noise produced by the electronic amplifier. The dual-loop approach can provide additional gain and reduce unwanted multi-mode spurs. However, we have observed RF phase noise produced by the high power laser include relative intensity noise (RIN) and noise related to the laser's electronic control system. In addition, stimulated Brillouin scattering limits the fiber loop's length to similar to 2km at the 40mW laser power needed to provide the RF gain which limits the system's quality factor, Q. We have investigated several different methods for solving these problems. One promising technique is the use of a multi-longitudinal-mode laser to carry the RF signal, maintaining the total optical power but reducing the optical power of each mode to eliminate the Brillouin scattering in a longer fiber thereby reducing the phase noise of the RF signal produced by the OEO. This work shows that improvement in photonic components increases the potential for more RF system applications such as an OEO's with higher performance and new capabilities. C1 [Zhou, Weimin; Okusaga, Olukayode] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhou, WM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7072-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6897 DI 10.1117/12.760479 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHO39 UT WOS:000254818500021 ER PT S AU Shi, JM Forsythe, E Morton, D AF Shi, Jianmin Forsythe, Eric Morton, David BE So, F Adachi, C TI Novel Hole Transport Materials for Organic Light Emitting Devices SO ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Organic Light Emitting Materials and Devices CY AUG 10-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID PHTHALOCYANINE; MOLECULES C1 [Shi, Jianmin; Forsythe, Eric; Morton, David] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shi, JM (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7271-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7051 AR 705105 DI 10.1117/12.800785 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics GA BIS50 UT WOS:000262438400002 ER PT B AU Lanier, CR AF Lanier, Clinton R. BE Thatcher, B Evia, C TI The Implications of Outsourcing for Technical Editing SO OUTSOURCING TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION: ISSUES, POLICIES AND PRACTICES SE Baywoods Technical Communications Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lanier, Clinton R.] IBM Corp, Armonk, NY USA. [Lanier, Clinton R.] USA, Washington, DC USA. [Lanier, Clinton R.] Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Lanier, CR (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BAYWOOD PUBLISHING CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 USA BN 978-0-89503-334-5 J9 BAYWOODS TECH COMMUN PY 2008 BP 147 EP 161 PG 15 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA BJP74 UT WOS:000266971800009 ER PT S AU Yeung, DT Lenz, DE Cerasoli, DM AF Yeung, David T. Lenz, David E. Cerasoli, Douglas M. BE Mackness, B Mackness, M Aviram, M Paragh, G TI Human paraoxonase I: A potential bioscavenger of organophosphorus nerve agents SO PARAOXNASES: THEIR ROLE IN DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM SE Proteins and Cell Regulation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Paraoxonases CY SEP, 2006 CL Hajduszoboszlo, HUNGARY DE nerve agents; bioscavengers; cholinesterase; organophosphorus poisons; chemical warfare agents; prophylaxis ID HUMAN SERUM PARAOXONASE; HOMOCYSTEINE-THIOLACTONASE ACTIVITY; PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PESTICIDE SENSITIVITY; 4 STEREOISOMERS; TOKYO SUBWAY; PON1 GENE; SOMAN; TOXICITY AB Human serum paraoxonase (HuPON1, EC 3.1.8.1) is a Ca(2+)-dependent enzyme that hydrolyzes esters including organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents. Efforts to elucidate the putative roles of active site amino acid residues have been hampered by the lack of three-dimensional structural information of this enzyme. The advent of an homology model for HuPON1 (folded onto the six-fold beta-propeller structure of squid diisopropylfluorophosphatase) followed by a confirmatory crystal structure of a closely related hybrid PON molecule has led to the design and expression of site-directed mutants of HuPON1 These mutants were analyzed for enzymatic activity against a variety of substrates, including OP nerve agents. Substitution of residues predicted from the model to be important for substrate binding, Ca(2+) ion coordination, and catalysis resulted in enzyme inactivation, supporting the validity of the proposed structural model. Mutants with altered specificities for substrate were identified; some recognized OP substrates as competitive inhibitors. The OP nerve agent soman (GD) has two chiral centers; the four stereoisomers of GD vary in toxicity by several orders of magnitude. A novel GC/MS-based assay was developed to examine the stereospecificity of wild-type and mutant HuPON1 enzymes for GD. The wild-type HuPON1 catalyzed hydrolysis of all four GD, isomers with modest stereoselectivity for the less toxic (C +/- P+) isomers. Two of the mutants tested (S193A and S193G) demonstrated altered stereospecificity and kinetics, resulting in three to four-fold increased rate of hydrolysis for one of the toxic P- GD isomers. The capacity of recombinant HuPON1 to hydrolyze structurally isomeric OP nerve agents (VX and VR) was examined and found to differ in both affinity and rate of catalysis. Unlike VX, VR was not hydrolyzed by the H115W mutant of HuPON1, but instead was recognized as a competitive inhibitor. Given the structural similarity between VX and VR, these results suggest that residue H115 in wild-type HuPON1 is critical for determining the substrate specificity of HuPON1 for some classes of OPs. Together, the results presented have expanded our understanding of the amino acid residues critical for HuPON1 OP hydrolase activity. This information is being used to design mutants of PON1 with enhanced anti-OP activity and stereoselectivity towards the more toxic OP stereoisomers. C1 [Yeung, David T.; Lenz, David E.; Cerasoli, Douglas M.] USA, Div Res, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Cerasoli, DM (reprint author), USA, Div Res, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 86 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-2530 BN 978-1-4020-6560-6 J9 PROTEINS CELL REGUL JI Proteins Cell Regul. PY 2008 VL 6 BP 151 EP 170 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6561-3_10 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, General & Internal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; General & Internal Medicine GA BHV37 UT WOS:000256698500010 ER PT S AU Mait, JN Wikner, DA Mirotznik, MS van der Gracht, J Behrmann, GP Good, BL Mathews, SA AF Mait, Joseph N. Wikner, David A. Mirotznik, Mark S. van der Gracht, Joseph Behrmann, Gregory P. Good, Brandon L. Mathews, Scott A. BE Appleby, R Wikner, DA TI Extended depth of field imaging at 94 GHz SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology XI CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE millimeter wave imaging; computational imaging; extended depth of field; cubic phase element ID SYSTEM AB We describe a computational imaging technique to extend the depth-of-field of a 94-GHz imaging system. The technique uses a cubic phase element in the pupil plane of the system to render system operation relatively insensitive to object distance. However, the cubic phase element also introduces aberrations but, since these are fixed and known, we remove them using post-detection signal processing. We present experimental results that validate system performance and indicate a greater than four-fold increase in depth-of-field from 17" to greater than 68". C1 [Mait, Joseph N.; Wikner, David A.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mait, JN (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7139-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6948 AR 69480C DI 10.1117/12.775180 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX74 UT WOS:000257283600010 ER PT J AU Holland, VM Fisher, FP AF Holland, V. Melissa Fisher, F. Pete BE Holland, VM Fisher, FP TI The Path of Speech Technologies in CALL Tracking the Science SO PATH OF SPEECH TECHNOLOGIES IN COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING: FROM RESEARCH TOWARD PRACTICE SE Routledge Studies in Computer Assisted Learning Language LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INSTRUCTION C1 [Holland, V. Melissa] USA, Ctr Language Technol Res, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Holland, V. Melissa] USA, Res Inst, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Holland, VM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Language Technol Res, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93776-1 J9 ROUT STUD COMP ASSIS PY 2008 VL 4 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research; Language & Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA BNT04 UT WOS:000275447600001 ER PT J AU Holland, VM Fisher, FP AF Holland, V. Melissa Fisher, F. Pete BE Holland, VM Fisher, FP TI Sampling the Research Base Language Pedagogy, Speech Perception SO PATH OF SPEECH TECHNOLOGIES IN COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING: FROM RESEARCH TOWARD PRACTICE SE Routledge Studies in Computer Assisted Learning Language LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID INPUT C1 [Holland, V. Melissa] USA, Ctr Language Technol Res, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Holland, V. Melissa] USA, Res Inst, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Holland, VM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Language Technol Res, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93776-1 J9 ROUT STUD COMP ASSIS PY 2008 VL 4 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Language & Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA BNT04 UT WOS:000275447600002 ER PT J AU Holland, VM Fisher, FP AF Holland, V. Melissa Fisher, F. Pete BE Holland, VM Fisher, FP TI Analyzing Needs The Case of a Pronunciation Tutor SO PATH OF SPEECH TECHNOLOGIES IN COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING: FROM RESEARCH TOWARD PRACTICE SE Routledge Studies in Computer Assisted Learning Language LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Holland, V. Melissa] USA, Ctr Language Technol Res, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Holland, V. Melissa] USA, Res Inst, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Holland, VM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Language Technol Res, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93776-1 J9 ROUT STUD COMP ASSIS PY 2008 VL 4 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Language & Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA BNT04 UT WOS:000275447600005 ER PT J AU Holland, VM Fisher, FP AF Holland, V. Melissa Fisher, F. Pete BE Holland, VM Fisher, FP TI Adapting Speech Technology The Examples of Visualization and Synthesis SO PATH OF SPEECH TECHNOLOGIES IN COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING: FROM RESEARCH TOWARD PRACTICE SE Routledge Studies in Computer Assisted Learning Language LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Holland, V. Melissa] USA, Ctr Language Technol Res, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Holland, V. Melissa] USA, Res Inst, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Holland, VM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Language Technol Res, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93776-1 J9 ROUT STUD COMP ASSIS PY 2008 VL 4 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Language & Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA BNT04 UT WOS:000275447600007 ER PT J AU Holland, VM Fisher, FP AF Holland, V. Melissa Fisher, F. Pete BE Holland, VM Fisher, FP TI Developing Prototype Systems The Examples of Pronunciation Training and Proficiency Testing SO PATH OF SPEECH TECHNOLOGIES IN COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING: FROM RESEARCH TOWARD PRACTICE SE Routledge Studies in Computer Assisted Learning Language LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Holland, V. Melissa] USA, Ctr Language Technol Res, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Holland, V. Melissa] USA, Res Inst, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Holland, VM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Language Technol Res, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93776-1 J9 ROUT STUD COMP ASSIS PY 2008 VL 4 BP 151 EP 153 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Language & Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA BNT04 UT WOS:000275447600010 ER PT J AU Holland, VM Fisher, FP AF Holland, V. Melissa Fisher, F. Pete BE Holland, VM Fisher, FP TI Evaluating Systems The Case of a Reading Tutor SO PATH OF SPEECH TECHNOLOGIES IN COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING: FROM RESEARCH TOWARD PRACTICE SE Routledge Studies in Computer Assisted Learning Language LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Holland, V. Melissa] USA, Ctr Language Technol Res, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Holland, V. Melissa] USA, Res Inst, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Holland, VM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Language Technol Res, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93776-1 J9 ROUT STUD COMP ASSIS PY 2008 VL 4 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Language & Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA BNT04 UT WOS:000275447600013 ER PT J AU Aune, CN Chatterjee, B Zhao, XQ Francis, R Bracero, L Yu, Q Rosenthal, J Leatherbury, L Lo, CW AF Aune, Christine N. Chatterjee, Bishwanath Zhao, Xiao-Qing Francis, Richard Bracero, Luciann Yu, Qing Rosenthal, Julie Leatherbury, Linda Lo, Cecilia W. TI Mouse model of heterotaxy with single ventricle spectrum of cardiac anomalies SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY CILIARY DYSKINESIA; LEFT-RIGHT ASYMMETRY; LEFT-RIGHT AXIS; CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; SITUS-INVERSUS; NODAL FLOW; DEFECTS; MUTATIONS; MICE; NUMB AB Heterotaxy arises from a failure of the embryo to establish normal left-right asymmetry and is known to affect 3% of infants with congenital heart disease. A recessive mutation causing heterotaxy was recovered in a mouse mutagenesis screen focused on congenital heart defects. Homozygote mutants exhibit abnormal situs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Dextrocardia, levocardia, or mesocardia was seen together with right pulmonary isomerism and complex structural heart defects in the single ventricle spectrum. A dominant chamber of left ventricular morphology positioned on the left or right is seen together with transposition of the great arteries. Right atrial isomerism with or without total anomalous pulmonary venous connection was observed in half of the mutants. Because ciliary motion at the embryonic node is required for the specification of laterality, we examined the tracheal epithelia of newborn mice as a proxy for the nodal cilia. However, videomicroscopy showed no defect in ciliary motion. Genome scanning using polymorphic microsatellite markers mapped the mutation to a 3.3 Mb interval on mouse chromosome 7. None of the genes previously described for familial heterotaxy were found in this interval, indicating a novel mutation in this mouse model of heterotaxy. C1 [Aune, Christine N.; Chatterjee, Bishwanath; Zhao, Xiao-Qing; Francis, Richard; Bracero, Luciann; Yu, Qing; Rosenthal, Julie; Leatherbury, Linda; Lo, Cecilia W.] NHLBI, NIH, Dev Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Aune, Christine N.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Aune, Christine N.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lo, CW (reprint author), NHLBI, NIH, 10 Ctr Dr MSC 1583, Bethesda, MD 20809 USA. EM loc@nhlbi.nih.gov RI Francis, Richard/P-2524-2015 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [ZO1-HL005701] NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 63 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 244SK UT WOS:000251885400003 PM 18043505 ER PT J AU Schaffer, SJ Fontanesi, J Rickert, D Grabenstein, JD Rothholz, MC Wang, SA Fishbein, D AF Schaffer, Stanley J. Fontanesi, John Rickert, Donna Grabenstein, John D. Rothholz, Mitchel C. Wang, Susan A. Fishbein, Daniel CA Working Grp Complementary Settings TI How effectively can health care settings beyond the traditional medical home provide vaccines to adolescents? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adolescent vaccination; settings ID PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; ADULT PRESCRIPTION RECIPIENTS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; OBSTETRICIAN-GYNECOLOGISTS; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTABLE DISEASES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE AB OBJECTIVES. Our goal was to evaluate the capacity of various health care settings to supplement the activities of the traditional medical home by delivering vaccines to adolescents. METHODS. A group of experts in the fields of adolescent-immunization delivery and the provision of preventive care in various health care settings summarized the available literature, considered setting-specific factors, and assessed the ability of various health care settings beyond the traditional medical home to conform to the immunization quality standards set by the National Vaccine Advisory Committee, report vaccination information for the quantitative assessment of vaccine-coverage rates, be likely to offer vaccines to adolescents, and be viewed by adolescents as acceptable sites for receiving vaccinations. RESULTS. Seven candidate settings were evaluated: pharmacies, obstetrics-gynecology practices, sexually transmitted disease clinics, hospital emergency departments, family planning clinics, teen clinics, and local public health department immunization clinics. The panel concluded that all could safely provide vaccinations to adolescents but that vaccination efforts at some of the settings could potentially have a markedly greater impact on overall adolescent-immunization rates than could those at other settings. In addition, for adolescent-vaccination services to be practical, candidate settings need to have a clear interest in providing them. Conditional on that, several issues need to be addressed: (1) funding; (2) orienting facilities to provide preventive care services; (3) enhancing access to immunization registries; and (4) clarifying issues related to immunization consent. CONCLUSIONS. With supporting health policy, health education, and communication, health care settings beyond the traditional medical home have the potential to effectively augment the vaccination efforts of more traditional settings to deliver vaccines to adolescents. These health care settings may be particularly well suited to reach adolescents who lack access to traditional sources of preventive medical care or receive fragmented medical care. C1 [Schaffer, Stanley J.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Sch Med & Dent, Div Gen Pediat,Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Fontanesi, John] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Ctr Management Sci Hlth, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Rickert, Donna; Fishbein, Daniel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Grabenstein, John D.] Mil Vaccine Agcy, US Army Command, Falls Church, VA USA. [Rothholz, Mitchel C.] Amer Pharmacists Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Wang, Susan A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schaffer, SJ (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Sch Med & Dent, Div Gen Pediat,Dept Pediat, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 777, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM stanley_schaffer@urmc.rochester.edu OI Schaffer, Stanley/0000-0001-7993-1374 NR 71 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S35 EP S45 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1115E PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271IK UT WOS:000253781900005 PM 18174319 ER PT J AU Durst, HD Rohrbaugh, DK Smith, P Nilles, JM Connell, T Laramee, JA Munavalli, S AF Durst, H. D. Rohrbaugh, D. K. Smith, P. Nilles, J. M. Connell, T. Laramee, J. A. Munavalli, S. TI Anomalous Reaction of Ethyl Bromofluoro- and Difluoro-Acetates with Dialkylphosphonites SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE alpha-fluoro- and difluoro-esters; DART mass spectrometry; dialkylphosphonites; free radical Arbuzov reaction; GC-MS; MS-MS; Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction ID ARBUZOV REARRANGEMENT; TRIALKYL PHOSPHITES; RADICALS; ESTERS AB The Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction of ethyl alpha-bromo-alpha-fluoro- and alpha,alpha-difluoro-acetates with dialkyl phenylphosphonites leads to the formation of unusual products including a fluorophosphinate. The reaction of ethyl bromofluoracetate with diisopropyl- and dimethyl- phenylphosphonites furnishes a complex mixture of eight and five compounds respectively. Five different compounds are obtained when ethyl bromodifluoroacetate is reacted with diisopropyl phenylphosphonite. Dimethyl phenylphosphonite yields three compounds when heated with bromochloromethane. The probable mechanism of formation of the compounds and their mass spectral characterization using GC-MS, tandem MS-MS and DART(TM) techniques are presented in this paper. C1 [Smith, P.; Nilles, J. M.; Connell, T.; Laramee, J. A.; Munavalli, S.] SAIC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Durst, H. D.; Rohrbaugh, D. K.] USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), SAIC, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM shekar.munavalli@US.army.mil NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PY 2008 VL 183 IS 11 BP 2655 EP 2668 DI 10.1080/10426500801968110 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 368TA UT WOS:000260644200005 ER PT S AU Crutcher, SH Osei, AJ Edwards, ME AF Crutcher, Sihon H. Osei, Albert J. Edwards, Matthew E. BE Yin, S Guo, R TI Optical Spatial Solitons, the Power Law, and the Swing Effect SO PHOTONIC FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND INNOVATIONS IN DEVICE APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices - Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications II CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical spatial soliton; equivalent particle theory; Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation; swing effect; Non-Kerr; Generalized Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation ID WAVE-GUIDES; NONLINEARITY; BEAMS; KERR; PROPAGATION; MEDIA AB We continue a study of the equivalence particle principle applied to an optical spatial soliton which is a "narrow filament" that maintains its existence in a waveguide. Using this principle, expressions for acceleration, spatial frequency, spatial period and other variables for a spatial soliton can be derived from the solution of basic Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation. These results agree well with numerical simulations of the Modified Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation. If the expression of the acceleration is bounded in some cases this means the spatial soliton propagates with a swing effect. We go one step further in this theoretical study to investigate the effects of the swing effect with power law included in the Modified Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation. C1 [Crutcher, Sihon H.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Crutcher, SH (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Bldg 5400, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM sihon.crutcher@us.army.mil NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7276-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7056 AR 70560Q DI 10.1117/12.792007 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BIQ23 UT WOS:000261876000017 ER PT S AU Gupta, N Rarnella-Roman, JC AF Gupta, Neelam Rarnella-Roman, Jessica C. BE Kollias, N Choi, B Zeng, H Malek, RS Wong, BJF Ilgner, JFR Gregory, KW Tearney, GJ Hirschberg, H Madsen, SJ TI Detection of blood oxygen level by noninvasive passive spectral imaging of skin - art. no. 68420C SO PHOTONIC THERAPEUTICS AND DIAGNOSTICS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics IV CY JAN 19, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; polarization; imager; AOTF; TeO2; liquid crystal variable retarder; image cube; oxygen level; deoxygenation ID ACOUSTOOPTIC TUNABLE FILTER; SPECTROPOLARIMETRIC IMAGER; QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT AB A compact optical hyperspectral imager that can detect both spectral and polarization signatures was used for passive noninvasive imaging of human skin. This vibration-insensitive imager uses an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as a spectral selection element and an electronically tunable liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR) as a polarization device. Such an imager is ideally suited to provide both agile spectral and polarization signatures and can be readily used for real time in vivo medical imaging applications. Operation of this imager and image acquisition is fully computer controlled. This imager covers visible to near-infrared (VNIR) region from 400 to 800 nm with a 10 nm spectral resolution at 600 nm and uses a TeO2 AOTF with a 15x15 mm(2) linear aperture and a 4.2 degrees angular aperture. At each wavelength 640x480 images with two orthogonal polarization are captured and a total of 41 spectral images are collected to form an image cube. A commercial Si CCD camera was used along with off-the-shelf lenses, mirrors and irises. We carried out experiments with a human subject and controlled the blood perfusion in the individual arm and finger by using a pressure cuff and a rubber band, respectively. Images were captured by illuminating the subject with a white light lamp source and imaging it from a distance. When the hyperspectral image analysis was performed we could observe the effects of skin deoxygenation. In this paper we will described our instrument, the experimental setup, the images obtained and the analysis results. C1 [Gupta, Neelam] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7017-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6842 BP C8420 EP C8420 DI 10.1117/12.768708 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHQ04 UT WOS:000255314100009 ER PT S AU Chern-Metcalfe, GD Readinger, ED Shen, H Wraback, M Koblmuller, G Gallinat, CS Speck, JS AF Chern-Metcalfe, G. D. Readinger, E. D. Shen, H. Wraback, M. Koblmueller, G. Gallinat, C. S. Speck, J. S. BE Palacios, T Jena, D TI Intensity-dependent photoluminescence studies of the electric field in N-face and In-face InN/InGaN multiple quantum wells SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 5, NO 6 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-7) CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Aixtron AG, Rohm & Hass Elect Mat LLC, Akzo Nobel High Pur Metalorgan, Cree Inc, IQE, Nitronex, RFMD, Seoul Semicond Co Ltd, Sony Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Kopin Corp, Mitsubishi Chem Corp, Nichia Corp, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp, Veeco Instruments, Air Prod & Chem, Osram Opto Semicond GmbH, SAFC Hitech ID BAND-GAP; EMISSION AB We probe the electric field in In-face and N-face InN/InGaN multiple, quantum wells (MQWs) using low temperature intensity-dependent photoluminescence (PL) under continuous-wave loser excitation at 900 nm. The In-face structure consists of 30 periods of 2.5 nm thick InN wells and 24 nm thick In0.92Ga0.08N barriers. The N-face sample consists of 25 periods of 1.5 nm InN wells and 15 nm thick In0.88Ga0.12N barriers. At low excitation power, the PL peak energy from both In-face and N-face MQWs is redshifted relative to that from bulk InN. As excitation power increases, we observe a 50 and 44 meV blueshift of the PL peak energy from the In-face and N-face MQWs, respectively. The blueshift is a result of the optically induced screening of the built-in electric field. From the measured blueshift, we calculate a minimum change of the elect to he similar to 0.4 MV/cm and similar to 0.6 MV/cm in the In-face and N-face well regions, respectively. C1 [Chern-Metcalfe, G. D.; Readinger, E. D.; Shen, H.; Wraback, M.] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, AMSRD SE EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Koblmueller, G.; Gallinat, C. S.; Speck, J. S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Chern-Metcalfe, GD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, AMSRD SE EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM grace.metcalfe@us.army.mil; eric.readinger@us.army.mil RI Speck, James/H-5646-2011 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1846 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200778696 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHV31 UT WOS:000256695700111 ER PT S AU Nikishin, S Borisov, B Kuryatkov, V Song, D Holtz, M Garrett, GA Sarney, WL Sampath, AV Shen, H Wraback, M AF Nikishin, S. Borisov, B. Kuryatkov, V. Song, D. Holtz, M. Garrett, G. A. Sarney, W. L. Sampath, A. V. Shen, H. Wraback, M. BE Palacios, T Jena, D TI Luminescence properties of AlxGa1-xN (0.4 < x < 0.5)/AlyGa1-yN (0.6 < y <= 1) quantum structures grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 5, NO 6 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-7) CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Aixtron AG, Rohm & Hass Elect Mat LLC, Akzo Nobel High Pur Metalorgan, Cree Inc, IQE, Nitronex, RFMD, Seoul Semicond Co Ltd, Sony Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Kopin Corp, Mitsubishi Chem Corp, Nichia Corp, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp, Veeco Instruments, Air Prod & Chem, Osram Opto Semicond GmbH, SAFC Hitech ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; DOTS AB We report structural and optical properties of AlxGa1-xN (0.4 < x < 0.5)/AlyGa1-yN (0.6 < y <= 1) quantum structures grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy with ammonia on (0001) sapphire substrates. The structures are designed for light emission at similar to 286 nm. The AlxGa1-xN (0.4 < x < 0.5) well material was grown under two dimensional (21)), three dimensional (3D), and (2D+3D) conditions by the varying group-III/ammonia, ratio. The formation, of nanoscale islands, or quantum dots (QDs), in the wells grown in 3D and (2D+3D) modes was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Optical properties are investigated using room temperature cathodoluminescence and time-resolved photo-luminescence. Systematic studies allow us to obtain well growth conditions to produce similar to 60 fold intensity enhancement over purely two-dimensional structures. Under these conditions, corresponding to deposition similar to 10 monolayers of well material, we obtain emission at similar to 280 nm with narrowest line width and longest photoluminescence decay time. C1 [Nikishin, S.; Borisov, B.; Kuryatkov, V.; Song, D.; Holtz, M.] Texas Tech Univ, Nano Tech Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Garrett, G. A.; Sarney, W. L.; Sampath, A. V.; Shen, H.; Wraback, M.] US Army, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nikishin, S (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Nano Tech Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM sergey.a.nikishin@ttu.edu FU NSF [ECS0304224, ECS-0609416, THECB-ARP-003644-0014-2006]; J. F Maddox Foundation FX TTU acknowledges support from NSF (ECS0304224 and ECS-0609416), THECB-ARP-003644-0014-2006, and the J. F Maddox Foundation. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1852 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200778699 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHV31 UT WOS:000256695700113 ER PT S AU Bulashevich, KA Karpov, SY Makarov, YN Zheleva, TS Shah, PB Derenge, MA Jones, KA AF Bulashevich, K. A. Karpov, S. Yu. Makarov, Yu. N. Zheleva, T. S. Shah, P. B. Derenge, M. A. Jones, K. A. BE Palacios, T Jena, D TI Assessment of the pendeo-epitaxy effect on 2DEG mobility in III-nitride HEMT heterostructures SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 5, NO 6 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-7) CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Aixtron AG, Rohm & Hass Elect Mat LLC, Akzo Nobel High Pur Metalorgan, Cree Inc, IQE, Nitronex, RFMD, Seoul Semicond Co Ltd, Sony Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Kopin Corp, Mitsubishi Chem Corp, Nichia Corp, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp, Veeco Instruments, Air Prod & Chem, Osram Opto Semicond GmbH, SAFC Hitech ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; DISLOCATION SCATTERING; TRANSPORT; TRANSISTORS AB We have analyzed theoretically the electron scattering related to the interface roughness produced by threading dislocations in the channel of an AlGaN/GaN HEMT heterostructure. On the basis of the analysis, we predict the use of the pendeo-epitaxy for growing the transistor structure to improve the low-temperature and room-tem perature mobility of two-dimensional electrons by similar to 80% and similar to 28%, respectively. C1 [Bulashevich, K. A.; Karpov, S. Yu.; Makarov, Yu. N.] STR Inc, 10404 Patterson Ave,Suite 108, Richmond, VA 23238 USA. [Zheleva, T. S.; Shah, P. B.; Derenge, M. A.; Jones, K. A.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Karpov, SY (reprint author), STR Inc, 10404 Patterson Ave,Suite 108, Richmond, VA 23238 USA. EM karpov@semitech.us NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1980 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200778631 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHV31 UT WOS:000256695700153 ER PT S AU Reed, ML Wraback, M Lunev, A Bilenko, Y Hu, X Sattu, A Deng, J Shatalov, M Gaska, R AF Reed, Meredith L. Wraback, Michael Lunev, A. Bilenko, Y. Hu, X. Sattu, A. Deng, J. Shatalov, M. Gaska, R. BE Palacios, T Jena, D TI Device self-heating effects in deep UV LEDs studied by systematic variation in pulsed current injection SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 5, NO 6 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-7) CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Aixtron AG, Rohm & Hass Elect Mat LLC, Akzo Nobel High Pur Metalorgan, Cree Inc, IQE, Nitronex, RFMD, Seoul Semicond Co Ltd, Sony Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Kopin Corp, Mitsubishi Chem Corp, Nichia Corp, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp, Veeco Instruments, Air Prod & Chem, Osram Opto Semicond GmbH, SAFC Hitech AB SET, Inc. 280nm LEDs were studied under various DC and pulse conditions to demonstrate the impact of self-heating associated with non-radiative recombination on the output power and lifetime of the devices. A reduction in output power occurs as the pulse width and duty cycle are increased. For 1 mu sec pulse width the output power at saturation current decreases from 30mW to 4mW as the duty cycle is increased from 1% to 50%, while for 100 mu sec pulse width, the output power at saturation current decreases from 10mW to 3.5mW for the same range of duty cycle, In both cases, the output power at 50% duty cycle approaches that of the DC conditions, indicating that self-heating has a significant impact on the device performance. Lifetime testing at 100mA was performed under DC and pulse conditions of 100 mu sec and 1% duty cycle, with half-lives of 20 hours and 1400 hours, respectively. C1 [Reed, Meredith L.; Wraback, Michael] USA, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Lunev, A.; Bilenko, Y.; Hu, X.; Sattu, A.; Deng, J.; Shatalov, M.; Gaska, R.] Sensor Elect Technol Inc, Columbia, SC 29209 USA. RP Reed, ML (reprint author), USA, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM meredith.L.reed@arl.army.mil NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 2053 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200778402 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHV31 UT WOS:000256695700176 ER PT S AU Syrkin, A Ivantsov, V Kovalenkov, O Usikov, A Dmitriev, V Liliental-Weber, Z Reed, ML Readinger, ED Shen, H Wraback, M AF Syrkin, A. Ivantsov, V. Kovalenkov, O. Usikov, A. Dmitriev, V. Liliental-Weber, Z. Reed, M. L. Readinger, E. D. Shen, H. Wraback, M. BE Palacios, T Jena, D TI First all-HVPE grown InGaN/InGaN MQW LED structures for 460-510 nm SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 5, NO 6 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-7) CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Aixtron AG, Rohm & Hass Elect Mat LLC, Akzo Nobel High Pur Metalorgan, Cree Inc, IQE, Nitronex, RFMD, Seoul Semicond Co Ltd, Sony Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Kopin Corp, Mitsubishi Chem Corp, Nichia Corp, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp, Veeco Instruments, Air Prod & Chem, Osram Opto Semicond GmbH, SAFC Hitech ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; GAN; LAYERS AB In this paper we report - on first InGaN-based light emitting structures grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy (HVPE). InGaN layers and multi layer InGaN/InGaN epitaxial structures were grown on GaN/sapphire template substrates and characterized, InN content in the InGaN layers was varied from 5 to 35 mol. %. Thickness of InGaN layers was controlled from 10 nm to 2 microns. Density of treading dislocations in the InGaN layers was estimated to be in the 109 cm(-2) range. X-ray diffraction measurements and transmission electron microscopy data confirmed a formation of InGaN/InGaN superlattice structures. Light emitting diode epitaxial wafers were fabricated by HVPE deposition of n-type InGaN layers and multi layer structures on p-type GaN template substrates. Depending on InN content in the InGAN light emitting regions, peak electroluminescence wavelength varied from 450 to 510 nm. Results of material characterization are reported. Advantages of the proposed upside down LED configuration and future applications of HVPE to grow InGaN layers and structures are discussed. (c) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Syrkin, A.; Ivantsov, V.; Kovalenkov, O.; Usikov, A.; Dmitriev, V.] Technol & Devices Int Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Liliental-Weber, Z.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reed, M. L.; Readinger, E. D.; Shen, H.; Wraback, M.] US Army, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Syrkin, A (reprint author), Technol & Devices Int Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. EM ASyrkin@tdii.com; AUsikov@tdii.com RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 FU US Departments of Defence, Comerce, and Energy (Solid State Lighting Program) FX Development of HVPE technology at TDI was partly supported by the US Departments of Defence, Comerce, and Energy (Solid State Lighting Program). The authors thank colleagues from Palo Alto Research Center and Texas Tech University for fruitful help and discussion NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 2244 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200778647 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHV31 UT WOS:000256695700236 ER PT S AU Garrett, GA Reed, ML Shen, H Wraback, M Chua, C Johnson, NM AF Garrett, G. A. Reed, M. L. Shen, H. Wraback, M. Chua, C. Johnson, N. M. BE Palacios, T Jena, D TI Time-resolved photoluminescence studies of high-brightness 340-nm LEDs under current injection SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 5, NO 6 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-7) CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Aixtron AG, Rohm & Hass Elect Mat LLC, Akzo Nobel High Pur Metalorgan, Cree Inc, IQE, Nitronex, RFMD, Seoul Semicond Co Ltd, Sony Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Kopin Corp, Mitsubishi Chem Corp, Nichia Corp, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp, Veeco Instruments, Air Prod & Chem, Osram Opto Semicond GmbH, SAFC Hitech AB We present time-resolved photoluminescence studies on high-brightness, 340-nm LEDs under current injection. Devices exhibiting >5 mW at 100 mA drive current from a 100 mu m x 100 pm area have been fabricated. PL lifetime measurements of InAlGaN. multiple quantum well active regions under current injection are correlated with device operating parameters by using a nonlinear downconversion, optical-crating technique. In, wafer level measurements, a decrease in PL lifetime by similar to 17% from 410 to 340ps as the injection current is increased from turn-on to the onset of roll-over (similar to 150 mA) may de at tributed to enhanced nonradiative recombination associated with device beating. An increase in the low-current PL lifetime relative to that measured in the unbiased device is representative of trap saturation and screening of the MQW electric, field through current injection prior to device beating. In addition, the PL lifetime was found to vary little over an operating time of similar to 1900 hours, despite the drop in EL power by similar to 50 percent. This result suggests that the degradation of the active region is not the major cause of the decrease in device performance over time. C1 [Garrett, G. A.; Reed, M. L.; Shen, H.; Wraback, M.] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Chua, C.; Johnson, N. M.] Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Garrett, GA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ggarrett@arl.army.mil; meredith.reed@arl.army.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 2296 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200778715 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHV31 UT WOS:000256695700252 ER PT S AU Sampath, AV Reed, ML Chua, C Garrett, GA Dang, G Readinger, ED Shen, H Usikov, A Kovalenkov, O Shapovalova, L Dmitriev, VA Johnson, NM Wraback, M AF Sampath, A. V. Reed, M. L. Chua, C. Garrett, G. A. Dang, G. Readinger, E. D. Shen, H. Usikov, A. Kovalenkov, O. Shapovalova, L. Dmitriev, V. A. Johnson, N. M. Wraback, M. BE Palacios, T Jena, D TI Double heterostructure ultraviolet light emitting diodes with nanometer scale compositionally inhomogeneous active regions SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 5, NO 6 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-7) CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Aixtron AG, Rohm & Hass Elect Mat LLC, Akzo Nobel High Pur Metalorgan, Cree Inc, IQE, Nitronex, RFMD, Seoul Semicond Co Ltd, Sony Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Kopin Corp, Mitsubishi Chem Corp, Nichia Corp, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp, Veeco Instruments, Air Prod & Chem, Osram Opto Semicond GmbH, SAFC Hitech AB We report on the fabrication and evaluation of flip-chipped double heterostructure UVLEDs operating at 320 nm that employ a bulk (80nm) AlGaN active region containing nano-scale compositional inhomogeneities (NCI), deposited by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The devices were deposited on AlGaN templates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy and contain electron and hole injection layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. A packaged, 300 mu m x 300 urn device with 3% internal quantum efficiency has a peak output power of 0.56 mW at 90 mA DC current that corresponds to an external quantum efficiency of 0.15%. Nearly constant external quantum efficiency is observed for DC current density up to 100 A/cm(2), suggesting that the NCI regions effectively suppress the deleterious effects of polarization fields at low injection currents that should inhibit radiative recombination in double heterostructure devices. C1 [Sampath, A. V.; Reed, M. L.; Garrett, G. A.; Dang, G.; Readinger, E. D.; Shen, H.; Wraback, M.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Chua, C.; Johnson, N. M.] Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Usikov, A.; Kovalenkov, O.; Shapovalova, L.; Dmitriev, V. A.] Intermediate Technol Dev, Silver Spring 20904, MD USA. RP Sampath, AV (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM asampath@arl.army.mil NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 2303 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200778717 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHV31 UT WOS:000256695700254 ER PT J AU Larciprete, MC Belardini, A Cappeddu, MG de Ceglia, D Centini, M Fazio, E Sibilia, C Bloemer, MJ Scalora, M AF Larciprete, M. C. Belardini, A. Cappeddu, M. G. de Ceglia, D. Centini, M. Fazio, E. Sibilia, C. Bloemer, M. J. Scalora, M. TI Second-harmonic generation from metallodielectric multilayer photonic-band-gap structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL-GENERATION; SECOND-HARMONIC GENERATION; ALUMINUM FILMS; METAL-SURFACES; REFLECTION; SILVER; TRANSPARENT; MEDIA AB We experimentally and theoretically investigate the second order nonlinear optical response of metallodielectric multilayer structures composed of Ag and Ta2O5 layers, deposited by magnetron sputtering. Second harmonic generation measurements were performed in reflection mode as a function of incidence angle, using femtosecond pulses originating from a Ti:sapphire laser system tuned at lambda = 800 nm. The dependence of the generated signal was investigated as a function of pump intensity and polarization state. Our experimental results show that the conversion efficiency from a periodic metallodielectric sample may be enhanced by at least a factor of 30 with respect to the conversion efficiency from a single metal layer, thanks in part to the increased number of active surfaces, pump field localization, and penetration inside the metal layers. The conversion efficiency maximum shifts from 70 degrees for the single silver layer down to approximately 55 degrees for the stack. The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with calculations based on coupled Maxwell-Drude oscillators under the action of a nonlinear Lorentz force term. C1 [Larciprete, M. C.; Belardini, A.; Centini, M.; Fazio, E.; Sibilia, C.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM, Dipartimento Energet, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Cappeddu, M. G.] Univ Rome, Dipartimento Mat, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Cappeddu, M. G.; de Ceglia, D.; Bloemer, M. J.; Scalora, M.] USA, Charles M Bowden Res Facil, RDECOM, AMSRD AMR WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. [de Ceglia, D.] Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Elettrotecn & Elettron, I-70124 Bari, Italy. RP Larciprete, MC (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM, Dipartimento Energet, Via A Scarpa 16, I-00161 Rome, Italy. OI FAZIO, Eugenio/0000-0002-0995-0702; BELARDINI, ALESSANDRO/0000-0002-7574-0332; CENTINI, MARCO/0000-0003-0625-0054; Larciprete, Maria Cristina/0000-0002-7876-628X NR 30 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 013809 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.013809 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 258IQ UT WOS:000252862000164 ER PT S AU Frisina, ME AF Frisina, Michael E. BE Allhoff, F TI Guidelines to Prevent the Malevolent Use of Physicians in War SO PHYSICIANS AT WAR: THE DUAL-LOYALTIES CHALLENGE SE International Library of Ethics Law and the New Medicine LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MEDICAL-ETHICS; CONSENT C1 [Frisina, Michael E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Frisina, Michael E.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Frisina, ME (reprint author), Tuomey Healthcare Syst Sumter, Sumter, SC USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-8008 BN 978-1-4020-6911-6 J9 INT LIBR ETH LAW NEW PY 2008 VL 41 BP 39 EP 52 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-6912-3 PG 14 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics GA BJL66 UT WOS:000266771400003 ER PT S AU Shen, H Reed, ML Readinger, ED Wraback, M AF Shen, Hongen Reed, Meredith L. Readinger, Eric D. Wraback, Michael BE Osinski, M Henneberger, F Edamatsu, K TI Effect of interface polarization charge on the performance of nitride semiconductor light emitting diodes - art. no. 688905 SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XVI CY JAN 21-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE III-N LED; polarization charges ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; FIELDS AB Most III-V nitride light emitting diodes have an n-down structure with Ga polarity. In such a device, the active layer is grown on top of the n-cladding layer and the p-type cladding layer is grown on top of the active layer. We have analyzed the band structure of such a device and found a reduced effective conduction band barrier due to the positive spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization charge, resulting in large electron overshoot and necessitating the introduction of the commonly employed electron blocking layer. On the other hand, the polarization charge at the corresponding interface for a p-side down device with Ga polarity is negative, resulting in a significant enhancement of the electron barrier and the existence of a 2D hole gas near the interface. These are beneficial to the performance of single heterejunction LEDs. C1 [Shen, Hongen; Reed, Meredith L.; Readinger, Eric D.; Wraback, Michael] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRD ARL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shen, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRD ARL SE EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7064-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6889 BP 88905 EP 88905 DI 10.1117/12.773871 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHS49 UT WOS:000255942900003 ER PT J AU Liu, J McKenna, TM Gribok, A Beidleman, BA Tharion, WJ Reifman, J AF Liu, J. McKenna, T. M. Gribok, A. Beidleman, B. A. Tharion, W. J. Reifman, J. TI A fuzzy logic algorithm to assign confidence levels to heart and respiratory rate time series SO PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE heart rate; respiratory rate; fuzzy logic; confidence levels; data qualification; sensor validation ID ECG ARTIFACTS; EEG AB We have developed a fuzzy logic-based algorithm to qualify the reliability of heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) vital-sign time-series data by assigning a confidence level to the data points while they are measured as a continuous data stream. The algorithm's membership functions are derived from physiology-based performance limits and mass-assignment-based data-driven characteristics of the signals. The assigned confidence levels are based on the reliability of each HR and RR measurement as well as the relationship between them. The algorithm was tested on HR and RR data collected from subjects undertaking a range of physical activities, and it showed acceptable performance in detecting four types of faults that result in low-confidence data points (receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve ranged from 0.67 (SD 0.04) to 0.83 (SD 0.03), mean and standard deviation (SD) over all faults). The algorithm is sensitive to noise in the raw HR and RR data and will flag many data points as low confidence if the data are noisy; prior processing of the data to reduce noise allows identification of only the most substantial faults. Depending on how HR and RR data are processed, the algorithm can be applied as a tool to evaluate sensor performance or to qualify HR and RR time-series data in terms of their reliability before use in automated decision-assist systems. C1 [Liu, J.; McKenna, T. M.; Gribok, A.; Reifman, J.] USA Med Res & Materiel Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Beidleman, B. A.; Tharion, W. J.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), USA Med Res & Materiel Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM jeanliulv@yahoo.com; thomas.mckenna2@us.army.mil; agribok@bioanalysis.org; beth.beidleman@us.army.mil; william.tharion@us.army.mil; jaques.reifman@us.army.mil NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0967-3334 J9 PHYSIOL MEAS JI Physiol. Meas. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1088/0967-3334/29/1/006 PG 14 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Physiology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Physiology GA 264SX UT WOS:000253311800007 PM 18175861 ER PT S AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, A. BE Heywang, W Lubitz, K Wersing, W TI Basic Material Quartz and Related Innovations SO PIEZOELECTRICITY: EVOLUTION AND FUTURE OF A TECHNOLOGY SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACOUSTIC-WAVE DEVICES; ZERO-TEMPERATURE-COEFFICIENT; SURFACE ELASTIC WAVES; ALPHA-QUARTZ; PIEZOELECTRIC CONSTANTS; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; THICKNESS-SHEAR; LITHIUM NIOBATE; CRYSTALS; RESONATORS C1 USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. EM a.ballato@ieee.org NR 120 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-540-68680-4 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2008 VL 114 BP 9 EP 35 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BJM29 UT WOS:000266796200002 ER PT S AU Dhawan, A Zhang, Y Yan, F Gerhold, M Vo-Dinh, T AF Dhawan, Anuj Zhang, Yan Yan, Fei Gerhold, Michael Vo-Dinh, Tuan BE VoDinh, T Lakowicz, JR TI Nano-engineered surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with patterned structures on the distal end of optical fibers - art. no. 68690G SO PLASMONICS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics in Biology and Medicine V CY JAN 21-22, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE SERS; Focused Ion Beam; nano-islands; nano-pillars; surface enhanced Raman scattering; gold; nanorods; nanostructures; nano-pillar; electromagnetic enhancement; annealing ID PLASMON RESONANCE; NANOPARTICLES; SENSORS AB This paper describes the development of fiber optic sensor probes and planar substrates containing patterned nanostructures such as nanoholes in gold films, as well as gold nanoparticles, nano-pillars, nanorods, and nano-islands. Several methods of producing gold nanofeatures on fiber tips and planar substrates were investigated such as annealing of thin gold films and focused ion beam (FIB) milling. A Hitachi FB-2100 FIB milling machine with a gallium ion source was employed to form the nanoparticles from 20-100 nm gold films deposited on the fiber tip. Nano-engineered gold features were also formed by coating planar substrates and fiber tips with thin gold films (4-10 nm) and annealing these thin films. Excitation of surface plasmons in gold nanostructures leads to substantial enhancement in the Raman scattering signal obtained from molecules attached to the nanostructure surface. In this work, a comparison was made between the SERS signals obtained from the gold substrates developed by employing the different procedures mentioned above. Fiber samples and planar substrates with these nanostructures were coated with SERS, active dyes such as p-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) and cresyl fast violet (CFV). It was observed that the SERS signal obtained from these gold nanofeatures was much higher than that obtained from a continuous gold film and that the SERS enhancement was shape and size dependent. C1 [Dhawan, Anuj; Gerhold, Michael] USA, Res Off, Durham, NC USA. RP Dhawan, A (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, Durham, NC USA. RI Zhang, Yan/F-9715-2011 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7044-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6869 BP G8690 EP G8690 DI 10.1117/12.763879 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHT02 UT WOS:000256023100009 ER PT S AU Osgood, R Walsh, G Ziegler, D Carlson, J Belton, L Kimball, B AF Osgood, Richard, III Walsh, Gary Ziegler, David Carlson, Joel Belton, Lauren Kimball, Brian BE Stockman, MI TI Nanoantennas with short-wavelength resonance SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics - Metallic Nanostructures and their Optical Properties VI CY AUG 10-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Nanoantenna; light antenna; nanorod; nanosphere; nanostructure; nanodot; resonance; visible spectrum; optical properties ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GOLD NANORODS; ANTENNAS; ARRAYS; FIELD AB Carbon nanotubes have been shown to exhibit light antenna behavior, such as polarization and length dependence, and enhancement of incident electromagnetic radiation at resonance. We study and model resonance effects from planar metallic nanoantennas, as a function of nanoantenna dimensions and material properties. We discuss the challenges of designing a two-dimensional nanoantenna array with resonance in the short wavelength (blue-green) region of the visible spectrum, constructed from different materials and in different environments. C1 [Osgood, Richard, III; Walsh, Gary; Ziegler, David; Carlson, Joel; Belton, Lauren; Kimball, Brian] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Nanomat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Osgood, R (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Nanomat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7252-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7032 AR 703206 DI 10.1117/12.795105 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BIM05 UT WOS:000260664900001 ER PT S AU Gupta, N AF Gupta, Neelam BE Chenault, DB Goldstein, DH TI Acousto-optic tunable filter based spectropolarimetric imagers SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis and Remote Sensing VIII CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE acousto-optic tunable filter; AOTF; liquid crystal variable retarder; LCVR; hyperspectral; polarization; spectropolarimetric; image cube ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGER; SYSTEM AB Development of robust compact spectropolarimetric imagers that can acquire spectral, spatial and polarization features from a scene of interest is of utmost importance for efficient detection of targets and backgrounds. Spectral features arise due to the material properties of objects as a result of the emission, reflection, and absorption of light while the polarization features arise from the physical nature of the object surfaces and edges that influence the polarization properties of the reflected, scattered, or emitted light. Using a hyperspectral imager one can acquire images with narrow spectral bands and take advantage of the characteristic spectral signatures of different materials making up objects and backgrounds. By combining both polarization and hyperspectral detection capabilities in one single imager, we can perform much better object detection and identification than by using either polarization or hyperspectral detection capability. Spectropolarimetrc imagers designed using an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) are ideally suited to provide both agile spectral and polarization signatures. At the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), we are developing small, vibration-insensitive, robust, remotely controlled, and programmable hyperspectral. imagers from the ultraviolet to the long wave infrared. We have also demonstrated a full Stokes polarization imager using an AOTF with two liquid crystal retarders. Here, we will discuss our imager designs and present results from our experiments. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20817 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20817 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7163-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6972 AR 69720C DI 10.1117/12.782800 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ66 UT WOS:000257705300008 ER PT S AU Gurton, KP Felton, M AF Gurton, Kristan P. Felton, Melvin BE Chenault, DB Goldstein, DH TI Variation in MidIR and LWIR polarimetric imagery due to diurnal and meteorological effects SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis and Remote Sensing VIII CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE C1 [Gurton, Kristan P.; Felton, Melvin] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gurton, KP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7163-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6972 AR 69720W DI 10.1117/12.782503 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ66 UT WOS:000257705300025 ER PT S AU McMillan, RW Dereniak, E Aumiller, R Hagen, N AF McMillan, Robert W. Dereniak, Eustace Aumiller, Riley Hagen, Nathan BE Chenault, DB Goldstein, DH TI Single-frame polarization measurement techniques SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis and Remote Sensing VIII CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE polarization; millimeter-wave polarization; single-frame polarization measurements ID POLARIMETRY AB This paper will describe methods of measuring all of the components of the Stokes polarization vector for each pixel in a scene using only one frame of passive optical sensor data, one radar pulse, or one radiometer integration interval. Both active and passive sensors operating in any waveband from microwave to visible will be considered. For systems operating in the millimeter wave and terahertz bands, the techniques developed by Dereniak and his students at the University of Arizona will be discussed. For other wavebands, a technique developed by the author that requires the coherent reception of two orthogonally-polarized signal components will be presented. This latter method works for both for both broad-band and narrow-band active or passive signals, but requires focal planes and hardware in the visible and infrared bands that may be too complicated for many applications. Results of calculations made for the millimeter and terahertz bands will be presented. C1 [McMillan, Robert W.] US Army Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP McMillan, RW (reprint author), US Army Space & Missile Def Command, POB 1500, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. EM bob.mcmillan@smdc.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7163-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6972 AR 69720T DI 10.1117/12.784472 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ66 UT WOS:000257705300022 ER PT J AU Goruganthu, S Elwell, J Ramasetty, A Nair, AR Roy, S Haque, A Dutta, PK Kumar, A AF Goruganthu, Srikanth Elwell, Jason Ramasetty, Arun Nair, Abilash R. Roy, Samit Haque, Anwarul Dutta, Piyush K. Kumar, Ashok TI Characterization and modeling of the effect of environmental degradation on interlaminar shear strength of carbon/epoxy composites SO POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID EPOXY HYBRID COMPOSITES; HYGROTHERMAL INFLUENCE; DIFFUSION; MOISTURE; LAYER; TEMPERATURE; ULTRAVIOLET; DURABILITY; FAILURE AB Accelerated ageing experiments have been conducted to address durability issues of carbon/epoxy composites to be used for emerging facilities and infrastructure, such as, bridges and buildings, in different climatic zones. The degradation of carbon/epoxy composites under UV, hygrothermal exposure, and applied tensile stress has been investigated. The tests were designed to capture the synergistic effects of field exposure and extreme temperatures, viz., hot/dry, hot/wet, cold/dry, and cold/wet conditions. Short beam shear tests (SBST) were performed for the determination of interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of conditioned composite specimens. The hot/dry samples showed increased strength, while the hot/wet ones showed a decrease in strength. It is conjectured that conditioning at 90 degrees C possibly contributed to an increase in the ILSS from post curing. For the hot/wet samples (90 degrees C, immersed in water) the results indicate that strength degradation due to moisture-induced hydrolysis overshadowed the post-curing effect. The samples subjected to shear stress under hot conditions (90 degrees C) showed a higher ILSS, possibly due to improved crosslink density arising from post-cure. There is insignificant variation in the ILSS of UV treated and the UV untreated control samples. All the SBST test data reported in this work are from tests performed at room temperature and ambient humidity after environmental ageing. A two-dimensional cohesive layer constitutive model with a prescribed traction-separation law constructed from the basic principles of continuum mechanics, taking into account hygrothermal mechanisms that are likely to occur within a cohesive bi-material interface, such as between adjacent plies in a laminate, was applied to simulate interlaminar failure in the SBST specimens, using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). A phenomenological predictive model was developed using the finite element results. C1 [Goruganthu, Srikanth; Elwell, Jason; Ramasetty, Arun; Nair, Abilash R.; Roy, Samit; Haque, Anwarul] Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Dutta, Piyush K.] Dutta Technol, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418 USA. [Kumar, Ashok] USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Erdc, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM sroy@eng.ua.edu NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU RAPRA TECHNOLOGY LTD PI SHREWSBURY PA SHAWBURY, SHREWSBURY SY4 4NR, SHROPS, ENGLAND SN 0967-3911 J9 POLYM POLYM COMPOS JI Polym. Polym. Compos. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 3 BP 165 EP 179 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 301VL UT WOS:000255923800001 ER PT J AU Gerhardt, RT Hermstad, EL Oakes, M Wiegert, RS Oliver, J AF Gerhardt, Robert T. Hermstad, Erik L. Oakes, Michael Wiegert, Richard S. Oliver, Jeffrey TI An experimental predeployment training program improves self-reported patient treatment confidence and preparedness of army combat medics SO PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article DE combat casualty care; emergency medical services; allied health education; tactical EMS; military medicine ID VISUAL ANALOG SCALE; MILLENNIUM AB Objective. To develop and assess impact of a focused review of International Trauma Life Support (ITLS) and combat casualty care with hands-on procedure training for U. S. Army medics deploying to Iraq. Methods. The setting was a U. S. Army Medical Department Center and School and Camp Eagle, Iraq. Investigators developed and implemented a command-approved prospective educational intervention with a post hoc survey. Subjects completed a three-day course with simulator and live-tissue procedure laboratories. At deployment's end, medics were surveyed for experience, confidence, and preparedness in treating various casualty severity levels. Investigators used two-tailed t-test with unequal variance for continuous data and chi-square for categorical data. Results. Twenty-nine medics deployed. Eight completed the experimental program. Twenty-one of 25 (84%) available medics completed the survey including six of the eight (75%) experimental medics. The experimental group reported significantly greater levels of preparedness and confidence treating "minimal," "delayed," and "immediate" casualties at arrival in Iraq. These differences dissipated progressively over the time course of the deployment. Conclusions. This experimental program increased combat medic confidence and perceived level of preparedness in treating several patient severity levels. Further research is warranted to determine if the experimental intervention objectively improves patient care quality and translates into lives saved early in deployment. C1 [Gerhardt, Robert T.; Hermstad, Erik L.; Oakes, Michael] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio Uniformed Serv, Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. [Gerhardt, Robert T.] USA, Ctr & Sch, Dept Combat Med Training, Adv Training Branch,Med Dept, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Wiegert, Richard S.] Joint Special Operat Med Training Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. [Oliver, Jeffrey] Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Gerhardt, RT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM robert.gerhardt@us.army.mil NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1090-3127 J9 PREHOSP EMERG CARE JI Prehosp. Emerg. Care PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 BP 359 EP 365 DI 10.1080/10903120802101058 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 319EN UT WOS:000257147000015 PM 18584505 ER PT J AU Barry, JD Hennessy, R McManus, JG AF Barry, James D. Hennessy, Robert McManus, John G., Jr. TI A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL COMPARING TREATMENT REGIMENS FOR ACUTE PAIN FOR TOPICAL OLEORESIN CAPSAICIN (PEPPER SPRAY) EXPOSURE IN ADULT VOLUNTEERS SO PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article ID MACE DERMATITIS; HUNAN HAND; SEVERITY AB Objective. Several topical therapies have been proposed to treat acute pain from exposure to oleoresin capsaicin (OC). The purpose of this study was to determine the most beneficial topical treatment for relieving contact dermatitis pain caused by OC exposure. Methods. We performed a single-blind, randomized human experiment evaluating the effectiveness of five different regimens for the treatment of topical facial OC exposure. Forty-nine volunteer, adult law enforcement trainees were exposed to OC during a routine training exercise and were randomized to one of five treatment groups (aluminum hydroxide-magnesium hydroxide [Maalox], 2% lidocaine gel, baby shampoo, milk, or water). After initial self-decontamination with water, subjects rated their pain using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) and then every 10 minutes, for a total of 60 minutes. Subjects were blinded to previous VAS recordings. A two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) (treatment, time) with repeated measures on one factor (time) was performed using a 1.3-cm difference as clinically significant. Results. Forty-four men and five women, with an average age of 24 years, participated in the study. There was a significant difference in pain with respect to time (p > 0.001), but no significant interaction between time and treatment (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in pain between treatment groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion. In this study, there was no significant difference in pain relief provided by five different treatment regimens. Time after exposure appeared to be the best predictor for decrease in pain. C1 [Barry, James D.; Hennessy, Robert; McManus, John G., Jr.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Barry, JD (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1090-3127 J9 PREHOSP EMERG CARE JI Prehosp. Emerg. Care PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 432 EP 437 DI 10.1080/10903120802290786 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 360RB UT WOS:000260074100004 PM 18924005 ER PT B AU Walker, CE Berglund, K Bueter, C Crelin, B Duriscoe, D Moore, C Gauthier, A Gay, PL Foster, T Heatherly, SA Maddalena, R Mann, T Patten, K Pompea, SM Sparks, R Schaaf, F Simmons, M Smith, C Smith, M Tafreshi, B AF Walker, Constance E. Berglund, Karrie Bueter, Chuck Crelin, Bob Duriscoe, Dan Moore, Chad Gauthier, Adrienne Gay, Pamela L. Foster, Tom Heatherly, Sue Ann Maddalena, Ron Mann, Terry Patten, Kim Pompea, Stephen M. Sparks, Robert Schaaf, Fred Simmons, Mike Smith, Carter Smith, Malcolm Tafreshi, Babak BE Gibbs, MG Barnes, J Manning, JG Partridge, B TI "Dark Skies are a Universal Resource" Programs Planned for the International Year of Astronomy SO PREPARING FOR THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: A HANDS-ON SYMPOSIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Related Workshops on International Year of Astronomy held in Conjunction with 212th Meeting of the American-Astronomical-Society CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Astron Soc AB In an effort to help more people appreciate the ongoing loss of a dark night sky for much of the world's population and to raise public knowledge about diverse impacts of excess artificial lighting on local environments, the International Year of Astronomy's Dark Skies Working Group has established six "Dark Skies" programs and six "Dark Skies" resources. The Dark Skies programs include GLOBE at Night (with Earth Hour); Astronomy Nights in the [National] Parks, Dark Skies Discovery Sites; Quiet Skies; Good Neighbor Lighting, and a digital photography contest. Resources include the light education toolkit, the "Let There Be Night" DVD and planetarium program; the 6-minute video, online interactions like Second Life, podcasts, and traveling exhibits. The programs and resources are summarized here, as they were in a poster for the June 2008 ASP/AAS conference. For more information on these programs and resources, visit http://astronomy2009.us/darkskies/. C1 [Walker, Constance E.; Sparks, Robert] Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Berglund, Karrie] Digital Educ Solut Inc, Bremerton, WA 98310 USA. [Bueter, Chuck] Nightwise Org, Granger, IN 46530 USA. [Gauthier, Adrienne] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gay, Pamela L.; Foster, Tom] Southern Illinois Univ Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL USA. [Heatherly, Sue Ann; Maddalena, Ron] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Tokyo, Japan. [Patten, Kim] Int Darksky Associat, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Pompea, Stephen M.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Smith, Carter] Sky Qual Meter Res, Radford, VA USA. [Smith, Malcolm] IAU Commiss, Ft Gordon, GA USA. [Maddalena, Ron] Astronom League, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Walker, CE (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-672-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 400 BP 298 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIT66 UT WOS:000262627500047 ER PT J AU Blank, S AF Blank, Stephen TI Ivanov, Chemezov, and state capture of the Russian defense sector SO PROBLEMS OF POST-COMMUNISM LA English DT Review AB Russia's defense economy is plunging headlong into regressive, neo-Stalinist, and ultimately destructive consolidating trends. C1 USA, Strateg Studies Inst, War Coll, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Blank, S (reprint author), USA, Strateg Studies Inst, War Coll, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DR, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 1075-8216 J9 PROBL POST-COMMUNISM JI Probl. Post-Communism PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.2753/PPC1075-8216550105 PG 12 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 262KB UT WOS:000253146300005 ER PT B AU Blakely, JN Eskridge, MB Corron, NJ AF Blakely, Jonathan N. Eskridge, Michael B. Corron, Ned J. GP IEEE TI High-frequency chaotic Lorenz circuit SO PROCEEDINGS IEEE SOUTHEASTCON 2008, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon 2008 CY APR 03-06, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP IEEE ID IMPLEMENTATION; OSCILLATORS; COMMUNICATION AB A novel electronic circuit design based on the chaotic Lorenz oscillator is described. The circuit consists of just two active nonlinear elements (high-speed analog multipliers) and a few passive linear components. Experimental realizations exhibit the classic butterfly attractor and the hysteretic transition from steady state to chaos observed in the Lorenz equations. The simplicity of the circuit makes it suitable for radio frequency applications. The power spectrum of the observed oscillations displays a peak frequency as high as 930 kHz and significant power beyond 1 MHz. C1 [Blakely, Jonathan N.; Eskridge, Michael B.; Corron, Ned J.] USA, RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Blakely, JN (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM jonathan.blakely@us.army.mil; ned.corron@us.army.mil OI Blakely, Jonathan/0000-0002-9772-582X; Corron, Ned/0000-0002-3232-5024 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1883-1 PY 2008 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1109/SECON.2008.4494258 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHW78 UT WOS:000257094700015 ER PT S AU Elsayed, M Holt, T Young, A Neuber, A Dickens, J Kristiansen, M Altgilbers, LL Stults, AH AF Elsayed, M. Holt, T. Young, A. Neuber, A. Dickens, J. Kristiansen, M. Altgilbers, L. L. Stults, A. H. BE Kirkici, H TI HIGH-CURRENT COMPACT FCG SEED SOURCE IMPLEMENTING SOLID STATE SWITCHING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATORS AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Power Modulator Symposium/2008 High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Flux Compression Generators (FCGs) are some of the most attractive sources of single-use compact pulsed power available today due to their high energy density output and mobility. Driving FCGs requires some seed energy, which is typically provided by applying a high seed current, usually in the kilo-Ampere range for mid-sized helical FCGs. This initial current is supplied by a high-current seed source that is capable of driving an inductive load. High-current seed sources. have typically been comprised of discharging large capacitors using spark-gaps and over-voltage triggering mechanisms to provide the prime power for FCGs. This paper will discuss a recent design of a self-contained (battery powered with full charge time less than 35 sec), single-use Compact Seed Source (CSS) using solid state components for the switching scheme developed at the Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics at Texas Tech University. The CSS developed is a system (0.007-m(3) volume and weighing 13 lbs) capable of delivering over 250-J (similar to 10 kA) into a 6-mu H load with a trigger energy of micro-Joules at the TTL triggering level. The newly designed solid-state switching scheme of the CSS incorporates off-the-shelf high-voltage semiconductor components that minimize system cost and size as necessary for a single-use application. An in-depth and detailed evaluation of the CSS is presented primarily focusing on the switching mechanics and experimental characterization of the solid state components used in the system. C1 [Elsayed, M.; Holt, T.; Young, A.; Neuber, A.; Dickens, J.; Kristiansen, M.] Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Pulsed Power & Power Elect, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Altgilbers, L. L.] US Army, SMDC, Huntsville, AL USA. [Stults, A. H.] US Army, AMRDEC, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Elsayed, M (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Pulsed Power & Power Elect, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM m.elsayed@ttu.edu RI Neuber, Andreas/E-2956-2010 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4244-1534-2 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2008 BP 25 EP + DI 10.1109/IPMC.2008.4743567 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJC84 UT WOS:000264853400007 ER PT S AU Young, A Holt, T Elsayed, M Walter, J Dickens, J Neuber, A Kristiansen, M Altgilbers, LL Stults, AH AF Young, A. Holt, T. Elsayed, M. Walter, J. Dickens, J. Neuber, A. Kristiansen, M. Altgilbers, L. L. Stults, A. H. BE Kirkici, H TI A Compact, Self-Contained High Power Microwave Source Based on a Reflex-Triode Vircator and Explosively Driven Pulsed Power SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATORS AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Power Modulator Symposium/2008 High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Single-shot High Power Microwave (HPM) systems are of particular interest in the defense industry for applications such as electronic warfare. Virtual Cathode Oscillators (vircators) are manufactured from relatively simple and inexpensive components, which make them ideal candidates in single-shot systems. The Flux Compression Generator (FCG) is an attractive driver for these systems due to its potential for high energy amplification and inherent single-shot nature. A self-contained (battery operated prime power), compact (0.038 m(3)), FCG-based power delivery system has been developed that is capable of delivering gigawatts of power to a vircator. Experiments were conducted with the delivery system connected to a resistive dummy load and then to a reflex-triode vircator. In order to optimize the performance of the vircator when driven by the power delivery system, a second experimental setup was constructed using a Marx-generator based system operating at similar voltages and rise-times. Performance measures of the delivery system when discharged into a resistive load will be presented, as well as vircator output power levels and waveforms from both experimental setups. C1 [Young, A.; Holt, T.; Elsayed, M.; Walter, J.; Dickens, J.; Neuber, A.; Kristiansen, M.] Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Pulsed Power & Power Elect, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Altgilbers, L. L.] US Army, SMDC, Huntsville, AL USA. [Stults, A. H.] US Army, AMRDEC, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Young, A (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Pulsed Power & Power Elect, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Neuber, Andreas/E-2956-2010 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4244-1534-2 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2008 BP 147 EP + DI 10.1109/IPMC.2008.4743600 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJC84 UT WOS:000264853400040 ER PT S AU MacDougall, F Jow, R Ennis, J Yen, SPS Yang, XHC Ho, J AF MacDougall, Fred Jow, Richard Ennis, Joel Yen, S. P. S. Yang, X. H. Chip Ho, Janet BE Kirkici, H TI Pulsed Power Capacitors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATORS AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Power Modulator Symposium/2008 High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has sponsored a capacitor development program for film-dielectric capacitors. The program has evaluated dielectric materials for high energy density capacitors from industrial and academic research programs. High-performance capacitors have been developed that meet the needs of today's military applications. The performance of recently developed capacitors will be discussed. C1 [MacDougall, Fred; Ennis, Joel; Yang, X. H. Chip] Gen Atom Elect Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Jow, Richard; Ho, Janet] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Yen, S. P. S.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP MacDougall, F (reprint author), Gen Atom Elect Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory [W911QX-04-D-0003] FX Portions of the research reported in this document/presentation were performed in connection with contract W911QX-04-D-0003 with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. The views and conclusions contained in this document/presentation are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as presenting the official policies or position, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of manufacturers' or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4244-1534-2 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2008 BP 167 EP + DI 10.1109/IPMC.2008.4743606 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJC84 UT WOS:000264853400046 ER PT S AU Ho, J Jow, TR Boggs, SA AF Ho, J. Jow, T. R. Boggs, S. A. BE Kirkici, H TI Implications of Advanced Capacitor Dielectrics for Performance of Metallized Film Capacitor Windings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATORS AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Power Modulator Symposium/2008 High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID ENERGY-STORAGE CAPACITORS AB A range of high dielectric capacitor films is under development with the objective of improving the energy density of pulsed discharge capacitors. A substantial change in capacitor film dielectric constant has implications for capacitor design and function. This paper develops formulas for equivalent series resistance (ESR) and equivalent series inductance (ESL) of a capacitor winding as a function of material properties and winding design. A numerical approach is used to investigate the frequency-dependent ESR and ESL, after which a formula is developed for the inductance based on a resistive/capacitive current distribution in the winding. The analysis is carried out for a metallized film winding in which the return conductor is brought through the center of the core on which the film is wound so that both connections are made from the same end of the capacitor with minimal inductance. The implication of moving to high dielectric constant film is investigated on the basis of this analysis with the result that for direct film replacement and fixed winding capacitance, the ESR will increase *in proportion to the film dielectric constant and the inductance will decrease slightly. C1 [Ho, J.; Jow, T. R.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. [Boggs, S. A.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Ho, J (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4244-1534-2 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2008 BP 556 EP + DI 10.1109/IPMC.2008.4743718 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJC84 UT WOS:000264853400158 ER PT B AU Mitchell, DK McDowell, K AF Mitchell, Diane Kuhl McDowell, Kaleb BE Smari, WW McQuay, W TI Using Modeling as a lens to focus testing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS: CTS 2008 SE International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems-CTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Irvine, CA SP IEEE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Sci Appl Int Corp DE workload; model-test-model approach; IMPRINT AB Designers of collaborative unmanned systems assume that they have designed their systems to achieve the goals of reduced Soldier workload and higher level situation awareness (SA). Whether this assumption is valid, however, depends upon how Soldiers interact with the systems as they accomplish their military missions. To evaluate their system design, designers of collaborative unmanned systems use field experiments in which Soldiers interact with the systems. These experiments, however, are expensive and obtaining all the technologies and Soldiers required to perform an entire military mission is challenging. Researchers at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Evaluation Command (TARDEC) have established an approach that is effective in overcoming these restraints. To represent the complete military mission, they use human performance modeling. To evaluate the impact Of interface specifications on the Soldiers, they conduct experiments that incorporate issues identified by the mission modeling. ARL and TARDEC demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach when they used human performance modeling of future concept combat vehicles to focus a series of TARDEC autonomous vehicle experiments on critical Soldier survivability issues. The experiments, in turn, demonstrated a way of mitigating some of the Soldier performance issues related to unmanned asset operations identified by the human performance modeling. C1 [Mitchell, Diane Kuhl; McDowell, Kaleb] USA, Res Lab, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Mitchell, DK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Ft Detrick, MD USA. EM diane@arl.army.mil; kmcdowell@arl.army.mil RI McDowell, Kaleb/A-3410-2009 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2248-7 J9 INT S COLLAB TECHNOL PY 2008 BP 477 EP 482 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHW23 UT WOS:000256994300063 ER PT B AU Barber, D Leontyev, S Sun, B Davis, L Nicholson, D Chen, JYC AF Barber, Daniel Leontyev, Sergey Sun, Bo Davis, Larry Nicholson, Denise Chen, Jessie Y. C. BE Smari, WW McQuay, W TI The Mixed-Initiative Experimental Testbed for collaborative human robot interactions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS: CTS 2008 SE International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems-CTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Irvine, CA SP IEEE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Sci Appl Int Corp DE distributed simulation; human-robot interaction; HLA; JAUS; mixed-initiative teams AB Current military forces increasingly rely upon unmanned systems. Training mixed teams of soldiers and robotic agents can be accomplished using specialized virtual environments or fabricated real-life structures. However, there are still gaps in the technology and methodologies needed to support human-robot teams. In addition, the environments presently used aren't reconfigurable or extendable. The Mixed-Initiative Experimental (MIX) Testbed was developed to support training of mixed-initiative teams, experimentation with new training methods, and exploration of team composition and robot capabilities. The testbed combines the use of the, Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems (JAUS) and High Level Architecture (HLA) to create a system that can be used with a combination of virtual robotic entities within an HLA-based simulation environment. In this paper we will present the design and implementation of the MIX Testbed and describe sample scenarios for experimentation and training. C1 [Barber, Daniel; Leontyev, Sergey; Sun, Bo; Davis, Larry; Nicholson, Denise] Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, ACTIVE Lab, 3100 Technol Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Chen, Jessie Y. C.] U S Army Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Barber, D (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, ACTIVE Lab, 3100 Technol Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM dbarber@ist.ucf.edu; sleontye@ist.ucf.edu; bsun@ist.ucf.edu; ldavis@ist.ucf.edu; dnichols@ist.ucf.edu; jessie.chen@us.army.mil FU Office of Naval Research; US Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement [W911NF-06-2-0041] FX This work is supported, in part, by the Office of Naval Research and also by the US Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement W911NF-06-2-0041. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the ARL or the US Government. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2248-7 J9 INT S COLLAB TECHNOL PY 2008 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1109/CTS.2008.4543968 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHW23 UT WOS:000256994300064 ER PT S AU Boneh, D Papakonstantinou, PA Rackoff, C Vahlis, Y Waters, B AF Boneh, Dan Papakonstantinou, Periklis A. Rackoff, Charles Vahlis, Yevgeniy Waters, Brent TI On The Impossibility of Basing Identity Based Encryption on Trapdoor Permutations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 49TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Symposium on Foundations-of-Computer-Science CY OCT 25-28, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Math Fdn Comp, IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Fdn Comp Sci AB We ask whether an Identity Based Encryption (IBE) system can be built from simpler public-key primitives. We show that there is no black-box construction of IBE from Trapdoor Permutations (TDP) or even from Chosen Ciphertext Secure Public Key Encryption (CCA-PKE). These black-box separation results are based on an essential property of IBE, namely that an IBE system is able to compress exponentially many public-keys into a short public parameters string. C1 [Boneh, Dan] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Papakonstantinou, Periklis A.; Rackoff, Charles; Vahlis, Yevgeniy] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Waters, Brent] SRI Int, US army Res Off, Dept Homeland Secur, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Boneh, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU NSF; NSERC; NSF [CNS-0749931, CNS-0524252, CNS-0716199]; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-06-1-0316]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security [2006-CS-001-000001] FX Stanford University. Supported by NSF and the Packard Foundation.; University of Toronto. Supported by NSERC; SRI International. Supported by NSF CNS 0749931, CNS-0524252, CNS-0716199; the U.S. Army Research Office under the CyberTA Grant No. W911NF-06-1-0316; and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Grant Award Number 2006-CS-001-000001. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0272-5428 BN 978-0-7695-3436-7 J9 ANN IEEE SYMP FOUND PY 2008 BP 283 EP + DI 10.1109/FOCS.2008.67 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIT22 UT WOS:000262484800030 ER PT B AU Lux, SM Holcomb, FH Wolk, RH AF Lux, Scott M. Holcomb, Franklin H. Wolk, Ronald H. GP ASME TI WASTE-TO-ENERGY AT MILITARY INSTALLATIONS THROUGH PYROLYSIS AND DIRECT CARBON FUEL CELLS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY - 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering,and Technology CY JUN 16-18, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP ASME Nanotechnol Inst, Univ Calif, Irvine AB This study gathered information on the quantities of waste material available at U.S. Army installations from installation reports and from the U.S. Army Solid Waste Annual Reporting System (SWARS) database, then estimated the amount of electricity that Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC) technologies could generate from those wastes, and finally compared those amounts with the current average annual electrical loads at the ten largest Army installations. The analysis finds that the use of a pyrolysis/DCFC system could produce an average of 12% of the entire installation's demand at nine of the top 10 largest Army installations. Such a system could offset demand at the other installation in the top 10 by 33%. C1 [Lux, Scott M.; Holcomb, Franklin H.] USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Lux, SM (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4318-5 PY 2008 BP 485 EP 489 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BIT97 UT WOS:000262710700060 ER PT B AU Kim, JH Yang, JZ Abdel-Malek, K AF Kim, Joo H. Yang, Jingzhou Abdel-Malek, Karim GP ASME TI A new method for determining joint constraint forces and moments during optimal dynamic motion of redundant manipulators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 5, PTS A-C, LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID RIGID-BODY DYNAMICS AB The kinematic representations of general open-loop chains in many robotic applications are based on the Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) notation. However, when the DH representation is used for kinematic modeling, the relative joint constraints cannot be described explicitly using the common formulation methods. In this paper, we propose a new formulation of solving a system of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) where the method of Lagrange multipliers is incorporated into the optimization problem for optimal motion planning of redundant systems. In particular, a set of fictitious joints is modeled to solve for the joint constraint forces and moments, as well as the optimal dynamic motion and the required actuator torques, of redundant manipulators described in DH representation. The proposed method is formulated within the framework of our earlier study on the generation of load-effective optimal dynamic motions of redundant manipulators that guarantee successful execution of given tasks, in which the Lagrangian dynamics for general external loads are incorporated. Some example tasks of a simple planar manipulator and a high-degree-of-freedom digital human model are illustrated, and the results show accurate calculation of joint constraint loads without altering the original planned motion. The proposed optimization formulation is equivalent to solving DAEs without integration. C1 [Kim, Joo H.; Yang, Jingzhou; Abdel-Malek, Karim] Univ Iowa, USA, Virtual Soldier Res Program, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Univ Iowa, USA, Virtual Soldier Res Program, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Yang, James/G-9801-2012; Kim, Joo/I-9517-2012 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4806-7 PY 2008 BP 161 EP 172 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BHN67 UT WOS:000254517100016 ER PT B AU Kim, JH Yang, JZ Abdel-Malek, K AF Kim, Joo H. Yang, Jingzhou Abdel-Malek, Karim GP ASME TI Load-effective dynamic motion planning for redundant manipulators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 8, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE motion planning; equation of motion; load-effective motion; optimization; redundant manipulator; general external load ID ROBOT; OPTIMIZATION; CONSTRAINTS AB The robotic motion planning criteria has evolved from kinematics to dynamics in recent years. Many research achievements have been made in dynamic motion planning, but the externally applied loads are usually limited to the gravity force. Due to the increasing demand for generic tasks, the motion should be generated for various functions such as pulling, pushing, twisting, and bending. In this presentation, a comprehensive form of equations of motion, which includes the general external loads applied at any points of the system, is derived and implemented. An optimization-based algorithm is then developed to generate load-effective motions of redundant manipulators (single-loop and tree-structured chains) that guarantee the execution of the generic tasks under limited actuator capacities. It is shown that if the external loads are not incorporated in the motion planning formulation, then the generated motions do not always guarantee the execution of the task, especially when a large load is desired. By using our algorithm, the load-effective motions can be found that are executable for given external loads. The proposed method is also applicable in predicting realistic dynamic human motions. Some dual-arm human tasks are simulated to show different motions to sustain different amounts of external loads. Our formulation for general external loads will further advance the current motion planning methods for redundant manipulators. C1 [Kim, Joo H.; Yang, Jingzhou; Abdel-Malek, Karim] USA, Univ Iowa, Virtual Soldier Res Program, Ctr Comp Aided Design, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), USA, Univ Iowa, Virtual Soldier Res Program, Ctr Comp Aided Design, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Yang, James/G-9801-2012; Kim, Joo/I-9517-2012 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4809-8 PY 2008 BP 1151 EP 1164 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BHN70 UT WOS:000254558400123 ER PT B AU Rickman, DD Ehrgott, JQ Akers, SA Windham, JE Moore, DW AF Rickman, Denis D. Ehrgott, John Q. Akers, Stephen A. Windham, Jon E. Moore, Dennis W. BE Moatamedi, M TI Explosive removal of concrete from reinforced walls SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 4: FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX DE contact explosive charges; wall breaching; concrete spall AB During the past several years, the US Army has focused considerable attention toward developing improved methods for breaching walls in the urban combat environment. A major thrust area is centered on finding improved methods to breach the toughest wall type that Army units are likely to face: a double (steel) reinforced concrete (RC) wall. One impediment to this effort is that the relationship between the contact explosive charge configuration and the quantity of concrete removed has not been thoroughly understood. The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center has conducted a research effort to better define the effectiveness of various explosive charge configurations in breaching RC walls. This paper presents a discussion of results from this research. C1 [Rickman, Denis D.; Ehrgott, John Q.; Akers, Stephen A.; Windham, Jon E.; Moore, Dennis W.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, ATTN CEERD GM I, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Rickman, DD (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, ATTN CEERD GM I, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4282-9 J9 PRES VES P PY 2008 BP 223 EP 232 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM43 UT WOS:000254269900032 ER PT B AU Underwood, JH Deswardt, RR Venter, AM Troiano, E Hyland, EJ Parker, AP AF Underwood, J. H. deSwardt, R. R. Venter, A. M. Troiano, E. Hyland, E. J. Parker, A. P. BE Kisisel, IT TI Hill stress calculations for autofrettaged tubes compared with neutron diffraction residual stresses and measured yield pressure and fatigue life SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Calculations of Bauschinger-modified residual stress in autofrettaged tubes using a simple elastic-plastic model based on the Hill method are compared with neutron diffraction measurements of hoop residual stresses in sections from a swage-autofrettage cannon tube. These residual stresses combined with pressurization stresses are used to describe tube yield pressure and fatigue lives, for comparison with laboratory measurements from cannon tubes from recent publications and new results. Gun steels in the yield strength range from 1000 to 1400 MPa are considered. Results from neutron diffraction measurements show a significantly shallower depth of overstrain in a swage autofrettaged tube compared with that predicted from earlier work with hydraulic pressure autofrettaged tubes, for the same amount of total bore hoop strain. This difference between depth of overstrain for swage and hydraulic autofrettage is incorporated into calculations of yield pressure corresponding to a small amount of permanent strain on the tube outer diameter. Comparison is made with measurements of yield pressure at the same amount of permanent strain. Comparison between calculated and measured yield pressure is good, suggesting a simple design method. Calculations of fatigue life using the classic Paris method compare well with measurements from cannon tests, once Bauschinger-modifications are made in near-bore hoop residual stresses and the difference in overstrain between swage and hydraulic autofrettage is incorporated in the model calculations. C1 [Underwood, J. H.] USA, Benet Labs, Battelle Sci Serv, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), USA, Benet Labs, Battelle Sci Serv, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4283-6 PY 2008 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHJ17 UT WOS:000253485500006 ER PT B AU Troiano, E Underwood, JH de Swardt, RR Venter, AM Parker, AP Mossey, C AF Troiano, E. Underwood, J. H. de Swardt, R. R. Venter, A. M. Parker, A. P. Mossey, C. BE Kisisel, IT TI 3D finite element modeling of the swage autofrettage process including the Bauschinger effect SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID THICK-WALLED CYLINDER; STEELS AB The autofrettage process is a method that produces tensile plastic deformation during the overloading of a pressure vessel which reverses and becomes compressive during unloading. This process produces favorable compressive residual hoop stresses at the bore of the pressure vessel, and results in an increase in the life of the component. In thick walled pressure vessels this process can be accomplished with either a hydraulic or mechanical overloading process. These processes produce different residual stress fields by their inherent nature. The Bauschinger effect, which is observed in most of the materials used in thick walled pressure vessels, is a phenomenon which results in lower reverse loading stresses than those predicted with the classic techniques of Hill and others. The phenomenon is a strong function of the amount of plastic strain during the initial loading of the pressure vessel and results in losses of reverse loading strength of up to 40% in A723 and HB7 steels. A quasi-static three dimensional axi-symmetric finite element model of the swage mandrel autofrettage process of a thick walled pressure vessel is presented in this work. It includes the results of several methodologies for predicting the reduced reverse loading stresses resulting from the Bauschinger effect. The FE results are then shown to compare favorably with neutron diffraction residual stress measurements and yield pressure tests. C1 [Troiano, E.; Mossey, C.] USA, WS&T Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Troiano, E (reprint author), USA, WS&T Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4283-6 PY 2008 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHJ17 UT WOS:000253485500008 ER PT B AU Arnas, AO Boettner, DD Norberg, SA Tamm, G Whipple, JR AF Arnas, A. Oezer Boettner, Daisie D. Norberg, Seth A. Tamm, Gunnar Whipple, Jason R. GP ASME TI ON THE TEACHING OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT OF A COMBINED CYCLE COGENERATION SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME AB Performance evaluation and assessment of combined cycle cogeneration systems are not taught well in academia. One reason is these parameters are scattered in the literature with each publication starting and ending at different stages. In many institutions professors do not discuss or even mention these topics, particularly from a second law perspective. When teaching combined cycle cogeneration systems to undergraduates, the professor should introduce pertinent parameters in a systematic fashion and discuss the usefulness and limitations of each parameter. Ultimately for a given situation, the student should be able to determine which parameters form the most appropriate basis for comparison when considering alternative designs. This paper provides two approaches, one based on energy (the First Law of Thermodynamics) and the other based on exergy (the Second Law of Thermodynamics). These approaches are discussed with emphasis on the "precise" teaching of the subject matter to undergraduates. The intent is to make coverage of the combined cycle cogeneration systems manageable so that professors can appropriately incorporate the topic into the curricula with relative ease. C1 [Arnas, A. Oezer; Boettner, Daisie D.; Norberg, Seth A.; Tamm, Gunnar; Whipple, Jason R.] US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Arnas, AO (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM ozer.arnas@usma.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4317-8 PY 2008 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BIU56 UT WOS:000262930700004 ER PT B AU Allen, JB Smith, DL Eslinger, OJ Valenciano, MA AF Allen, Jeffrey B. Smith, David L. Eslinger, Owen J. Valenciano, Miguel A. TI A New Approach to Streambed Modeling and Simulation Using Computational Fluid Dynamics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB Realistic three-dimensional computer models of natural streams and rivers have become a priority for many civil works researchers, particularly in light of the exorbitant costs associated with typical stream restoration. Fortunately, the rapid advances and availability of high performance computing resources along with the increased sophistication of both in-house and commercial software have made the creation of such models significantly more tenable. In light of these needs, the objectives for this research include: 1) the creation of realistic representations of naturally occurring streambeds from potentially coarse sets of field measurements; 2) the demonstrated capability to freely deform the streambed surface as well as embed complex objects within the surface (rocks, fallen frees, etc.); 3) the ability to successfully mesh the surface and its surrounding volume in accordance with established mesh quality criteria; and 4) the ability to obtain sufficiently resolved flow field solutions utilizing HPC resources. Beginning with a coarse set of field data measurements taken from one of four study sites along a 1.5-mile stretch along the Robinson Restoration project of the Merced River, California, we will demonstrate, for each objective stated, the respective challenges, solution strategies, and resulting outcomes. Flow field solutions are conducted using parallelized finite element/volume solvers. C1 [Allen, Jeffrey B.; Smith, David L.; Eslinger, Owen J.; Valenciano, Miguel A.] USACE, Erdc, MSRC, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Allen, JB (reprint author), USACE, Erdc, MSRC, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM Jeffrey.B.Allen@usace.army.mil; David.L.Smith@usace.army.mil; Owen.J.Eslinger@usace.army.mil; Miguel.A.Valenciano@usace.army.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.10 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200001 ER PT B AU Nusca, MJ Chen, CC McQuaid, MJ AF Nusca, Michael J. Chen, Chiung-Chu McQuaid, Michael J. TI Combustion Chamber Fluid Dynamics and Hypergolic Gel Propellant Chemistry Simulations for Selectable Thrust Rocket Engines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID BIMOLECULAR QRRK AB This paper describes the application of high performance computing to accelerate the development of hypergolic propulsion systems for tactical missiles. Computational fluid dynamics is employed to model the chemically reacting flow within a systems combustion chamber, and computational chemistry is employed to characterize propellant physical and reactive properties. Accomplishments from the past year are presented and discussed. C1 [Nusca, Michael J.; Chen, Chiung-Chu; McQuaid, Michael J.] USA, Res Lab, ARL WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Nusca, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ARL WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM nusca@arl.army.mil; chiungchu.chen@arl.army.mil; mcquaid@arl.army.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.28 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200015 ER PT B AU Sahu, J Silton, S DeSpirito, J Heavey, KR Costello, M AF Sahu, Jubaraj Silton, Sidra DeSpirito, James Heavey, Karen R. Costello, Mark TI Generation of Aerodynamic Coefficients using Time-Accurate CFD and Virtual Fly-Out Simulations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID COMPUTATIONS AB This paper describes a multidisciplinary computational study undertaken to compute the unsteady free-flight aerodynamics of spinning and finned projectiles. Advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD), rigid body dynamics (RBD), and flight control systems have been successfully coupled on high performance computing platforms for "Virtual Fly-Outs" of munitions. Time-accurate CFD has, been performed to compute the unsteady aerodynamics of spinning projectiles and coupled CFD/RBD methods have been used to compute the unsteady aerodynamics associated with the free flight of a finned projectile at supersonic speeds using an advanced scalable unstructured flow solver on a highly parallel Linux Cluster. A method to efficiently generate a complete aerodynamic description. for projectile flight dynamic modeling is described At the core of the method is an unsteady, time accurate CFD simulation that is tightly coupled to a RBD projectile flight dynamic simulation. A set of short time snippets of simulated projectile motion at different Mach numbers is computed and employed as baseline data. For each time snippet, aerodynamic forces and moments and the full rigid body state vector of the projectile arc, known. With time synchronized air loads and state vector information, aerodynamic coefficients can be estimated with a simple fitting procedure. By inspecting the condition number of the fitting matrix, it is straight forward to assess the suitability of the time history data to predict a selected set of aerodynamic coefficients. The technique is exercised on a fin stabilized projectile with good results. C1 [Sahu, Jubaraj; Silton, Sidra; DeSpirito, James; Heavey, Karen R.] USA, Res Lab ARL, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Costello, Mark] Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Engn, Dept Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Sahu, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab ARL, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM sahu@arl.army.mil; ssilton@arl.army.mil; despirt@arl.army.mil; heavey@arl.army.mil; mark.costello@ae.gatech.edu FU Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization program (HPCMP) FX This work was accomplished as part of a grand challenge project jointly sponsored by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization program (HPCMP). The author wishes to thank Dr. Sukumar Chakravarthy of the Metacomp Technologies and Mr. Wayne Hathaway of Arrow Tech Associates for providing expert advice and help with the 6DOF simulations and extraction of aerodynamic coefficients. The scientific visualization and the computational support of the US Army Research Laboratory Major Shared Resource Center are greatly appreciated. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 123 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.22 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200018 ER PT B AU Dimanlig, ACB Saberi, HA Meadowcroft, ET Strawn, R Bagwhat, M AF Dimanlig, Arsenio C. B. Saberi, Hossein-Ali Meadowcroft, Edward T. Strawn, Roger Bagwhat, Mahendra TI Multidisciplinary Modeling of the CH-47 Helicopter with CFD/CSD Coupling and Trim SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB This paper presents work done on modeling the CH-47 tandem rotor helicopter with fuselage in high speed forward flight using computational fluid dynamics coupled with a comprehensive rotorcraft analysis tool. The flow calculations and subsequent airloads were generated by a modfied version of OVERFLOW-2, which includes elastic blade modeling. The structural dynamic calculations are provided by the CSD module in RCAS-the US Army's comprehensive rotorcraft analysis tool-while the trim module in RCAS trims the whole aircraft. RCAS calculates all the predicted rotor motions for a full period using the airloads obtained from OVERFLOW. OVERFLOW deflects the blades, and then calculates the flow about the newly deflected rotor blades. The loose coupling between the two codes is repeated on a periodic basis until the solution converges. The computed results arc, compared qualitatively with Boeing experimental and flight test data and show good agreement. The results are presented mainly to validate the methodology; so extensive quantitative analyses are not included. The work. demonstrates that a high fidelity, comprehensive modeling of a full rotorcraft in flight is now possible, and is a significant advancement in rotorcraft analysis over current state-of-the-art comprehensive tools. C1 [Dimanlig, Arsenio C. B.] ELORET Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Saberi, Hossein-Ali] Adv Rotorcraft Technol Inc, Mountain View, CA 94085 USA. [Meadowcroft, Edward T.] Rotorcraft Syst, Boeing Integrated Def Syst, Philadelphia, PA 19063 USA. [Strawn, Roger; Bagwhat, Mahendra] AMRDEC, US Army Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Moffett Field, CA 35898 USA. RP Dimanlig, ACB (reprint author), ELORET Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM adimanlig@mail-arc.nasa.gov; saberi@flightlab.com; ted.meadowcroft@boeing.com; rstrawn@mail.arc.nasa.gov; bhagwat@merlin.arc.nasa.gov FU High Performance Computing Modernization Office under CHSSI Portfolio [CST-05]; US Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command [NNA06BC19C]; DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the NAVO Major Shared Resource Center FX This work was funded by the High Performance Computing Modernization Office under CHSSI Portfolio CST-05, and by the US Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command through contract NNA06BC19C to ELORET. This work was part of the HPCMP Challenge Project C2M entitled: Unsteady Multidisciplinary Rotorcraft Simulations for Interactional Aerodynamics. This work was also supported by computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the NAVO Major Shared Resource Center. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 143 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.73 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200021 ER PT B AU Baylot, J Akers, S O'Daniel, J Armstrong, B Weed, R AF Baylot, James Akers, Stephen O'Daniel, James Armstrong, Byron Weed, Richard TI Vulnerability of Structures to Weapons Effects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB The Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory have a number of funded research efforts to support Department of Defense (DoD) requirements for understanding the response of structures to explosives/weapons. These efforts are all heavily dependent on high performance computing (HPC) simulations to meet research needs. The research efforts to be supported include: Force Protection, Military Operations in Urban Terrain, and Homeland Defense. HPC simulations are used to enhance ongoing experimental programs. The simulations are used to assist in designing experiments, to aid in understanding the experiments, to extend the knowledge beyond the limitations of the experiments, and to develop numerical databases. High-priority HPC hours available through the High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) Challenge Project were used to perform these simulations. Simulation results are compared with experimental results when available. C1 [Baylot, James; Akers, Stephen; O'Daniel, James; Armstrong, Byron] USACE ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Weed, Richard] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Baylot, J (reprint author), USACE ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM James.T.Baylot@usace.army.mil; Stephen.A.Akers@usace.army.mil; James.L.O'Daniel@usace.army.mil; Byron.J.Armstrong@usace.army.mil; Richard.A.Weed@usace.army.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 160 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.6 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200024 ER PT B AU Cornwell, CF Majure, D Haskins, R Lee, NJ Ebeling, R Maier, R Marsh, C Bednar, A Kirgan, R Welch, CR AF Cornwell, C. F. Majure, D. Haskins, R. Lee, N. J. Ebeling, R. Maier, R. Marsh, C. Bednar, A. Kirgan, R. Welch, C. R. TI Critical Carbon Nanotube Length in Fibers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID YOUNGS MODULUS; ROPES AB The excellent mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), such as low density, high stiffness, and great strength make them ideal candidates for reinforcement material in a wide range of high performance materials applications. The strength-to-weight ratio of CNT fibers are anticipated to exceed any materials currently available, yet theoretical calculations indicate that they still do not take full advantage of the superior mechanical properties of the constituent CNTs. The maximum theoretical strength of CNT fibers is obtained when the shear force is equal to the intrinsic breaking strength of the constituent CNTs. Load transfer is an important factor in determining the mechanical properties of the fibers. In this paper, quenched molecular dynamics is used to study the CNT-CNT interactions in a bundle of CNTs under strain. The bundles consist of parallel (5, 5) CNTs arranged in a hexagonal closest packed (HCP) configuration with one central CNT surrounded by six CNTs on its perimeter. The simulations explore the evolution of load transfer and local strain for slipping between CNTs during the extraction of a single CNT from a bundle. The results provide insight into the role contact length plays in determining the shear stress, yield stress, and contact length needed to achieve maximum fiber strength. C1 [Cornwell, C. F.] High Performance Technol Inc, USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 3195 USA. [Majure, D.; Haskins, R.; Lee, N. J.; Ebeling, R.; Maier, R.; Marsh, C.; Bednar, A.; Kirgan, R.; Welch, C. R.] USACE, Engn Res & Dev Ctr ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39183 USA. RP Cornwell, CF (reprint author), High Performance Technol Inc, USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 3195 USA. EM ccornwell@arl.army.mil; Dustin.L.Majure@erdc.usace.army.mil; Richard.W.Haskins@erdc.usace.army.mil; Nicholas.J.Lee@erdc.usace.army.mil; Robert.M.Ebeling@erdc.usace.army.mil; Robert.S.Maier@erdc.usace.army.mil; Charles.P.Marsh@erdc.usace.army.mil FU DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX The research in this paper was supported in part through the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. The calculations were performed at the MSRCs located at US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS and the Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 180 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.75 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200027 ER PT B AU Podeszwa, R Rice, BM Rob, F Szalewicz, K AF Podeszwa, Rafal Rice, Betsy M. Rob, Fazle Szalewicz, Krzysztof TI Crystal Structures from Nonempirical Force Fields SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID ADAPTED PERTURBATION-THEORY; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; KOHN-SHAM ORBITALS; CYCLOTRIMETHYLENE-TRINITRAMINE; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; DISPERSION ENERGIES; 1ST PRINCIPLES; BLIND TEST; NUCLEOPORINS AB Until recently, structure and properties of molecular crystals could not be predicted computationally since the forces acting between the constituent molecules in crystals were not known sufficiently accurately. This situation has changed with the development of an electronic structure method called symmetry-adapted perturbation theory based on the density-functional description of monomers [SAPT(DFT)]. This method is sufficiently efficient to be applied to interactions Of energetic molecules, for example to cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX). Systems even larger than RDX can be treated, for example, interaction energies for the dimer of perylene, containing 64 atoms, have been computed using SAPT(DFT). The SAPT(DFT) potential developed for RDX was used in a combined molecular packing, lattice energy minimization, and molecular dynamics approach to characterize low-energy polymorphs of the RDX crystal. The lowest-energy structure corresponded to the observed crystal and the results obtained for high-density polymorphs provide new information on the polymorphism of RDX The SAPT(DFT) method should find important applications in development of new energetic materials, including crystal design, screening molecules for co-crystallization, and identification of low-energy polymorphs. C1 [Podeszwa, Rafal] Univ Warsaw, Fac Chem, Warsaw, Poland. [Rice, Betsy M.] ARL, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Rob, Fazle; Szalewicz, Krzysztof] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Podeszwa, R (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Fac Chem, Warsaw, Poland. EM poszwa@physics.udel.edu; betsyr@arl.army.mil; frob@udel.edu; szalewic@udel.edu FU ARO DEPSCOR; ONR; NSF [CHE0555979]; CHE0555979, and by the Polish Science Foundation grant; Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway FX This research was supported by an ARO DEPSCOR grant, by ONR, by NSF grant CHE0555979, and by the Polish Science Foundation grant, Homing funded by Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway. Most of the calculations were performed using computer resources allocated by a DoD HPCMP Challenge Project. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 187 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.31 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200028 ER PT B AU Mattson, WD Balu, R Rice, BM AF Mattson, William D. Balu, Radhakrishnan Rice, Betsy M. TI Direct Quantum Mechanical Simulations of Shocked Energetic Materials Supporting Future Force Insensitive Munitions (IM) Requirements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB Quantum mechanical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) are used to study dynamic behavior of shocked energetic materials (EMs). In this work, we present results of quantum molecular dynamics simulations of shocked pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), a conventional high explosive and a high pressure polymeric form of nitrogen, cubic gauche (cgN). Quantum molecular dynamics simulations are also used to study the response of colliding nanodiamonds, proposed as additives to potentially enhance performance of conventional explosive formulations. All calculations are performed with the Density Functional Theory (DFT) code CP2K. These simulations represent the leading edge of DFT simulation in both system size and simulation time with over 4,000 atoms and up to ten thousand time steps utilizing as many as 512 processors per run. C1 [Mattson, William D.; Balu, Radhakrishnan; Rice, Betsy M.] USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Mattson, WD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM wmattson@arl.army.mil; rad.balu@us.army.mil; betsyr@arl.army.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.11 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200029 ER PT B AU Majure, DL Haskins, RW Lee, NJ Ebeling, RM Maier, RS Marsh, CP Bednar, AJ Kirgan, RA Welch, CR Cornwell, CF AF Majure, D. L. Haskins, R. W. Lee, N. J. Ebeling, R. M. Maier, R. S. Marsh, C. P. Bednar, A. J. Kirgan, R. A. Welch, C. R. Cornwell, Charles F. TI Large-Scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) Simulations of the Effects of Chirality and Diameter on the Pullout Force in a Carbon Nanotube Bundle SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB The unique mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) molecules place them at the forefront of nanotechnology. The mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes such as high tensile strength and modulus provide an effective pathway for better construction materials. Before this potential can be realized, effective techniques of creating load transfer in bulk material must be developed. Carbon nanotubes possess a variety of chiralities and diameters and can cluster into self-organizing, aligned bundles caused by van der Waals (vdW) forces. This paper describes the results of molecular mechanics simulations using the Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) molecular dynamics code to examine the effect that chirality and diameter have on the pullout force of a single tube from a bundle with hexagonal closest packing (HCP). Pullout force is defined as the force required to extract a tube from a bundle. The different chiralities and diameters create different corrugated surfaces and different areas of contact that influence pullout force. Studying the interaction between CNTs is essential for improving the fundamental understanding of load transfer from CNT to CNT. Additionally, since larger diameter CNTs deform against one another in a bundle, the relationship between diameter and pullout force is quantified in this paper. This research will be used as a basis for studying more advanced load transfer techniques such as twisting, sidewall functionalization, and knotting. C1 [Majure, D. L.; Haskins, R. W.; Lee, N. J.; Ebeling, R. M.; Maier, R. S.; Marsh, C. P.; Bednar, A. J.; Kirgan, R. A.; Welch, C. R.] USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Cornwell, Charles F.] High Performance Technol Inc, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Majure, DL (reprint author), USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM Dustin.L.Majure@usace.army.mil; Richard.W.Haskins@usace.army.mil; Nicholas.J.Lee@usace.army.mil; Robert.M.Ebeling@usace.army.mil; Robert.S.Maier@usace.army.mil; Charles.P.Marsh@usace.army.mil; Anthony.J.Bednar@usace.army.mil; Robert.A.Kirgan@usace.army.mil; Charles.R.Welch@usace.army.mil; ccornwell@arl.army.mil FU Environmental Quality and Installations (EQ/I) Basic Research Program; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC); Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program Office FX This research was conducted under the Environmental Quality and Installations (EQ/I) Basic Research Program by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) and was supported in part by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program Office. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this paper. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 201 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.76 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200031 ER PT B AU Yeh, IC Olson, MA Lee, MS Wallqvist, A AF Yeh, In-Chul Olson, Mark A. Lee, Michael S. Wallqvist, Anders TI Membrane Insertion Profiles of Peptides Probed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID HISTOGRAM ANALYSIS METHOD; REPLICA-EXCHANGE; INFLUENZA-A; STABILITY; HELIX; PRINCIPLES; PROTEINS; ENERGY; ENTRY; TILT AB Membrane insertion of small peptides plays important roles in antimicrobial defense, toxin actions, and viral infections. There have been experimental efforts to study this process with carefully designed synthetic peptides. Molecular dynamics simulation techniques are useful tools to study membrane insertion of peptides in atomic details to complement these experimental efforts. We developed a methodology based experimental on molecular dynamics simulation techniques to probe the insertion profiles of small peptides across the membrane interface. The peptide is represented in full atomic detail, while the membrane and the solvent are described implicitly by a generalized Born model. To sample peptide conformations across the membrane interface, we apply an umbrella sampling technique, where the center of mass position of the peptide is constrained at various positions across the membrane interface. Free energy profiles are calculated as a function of the peptide position with respect to the membrane center and structural deviations from the native structure by the weighted histogram analysis method. We applied the methodology to a synthetic peptide mimicking the transmembrane domain of the M2 protein from influenza A virus. Two different initial peptide conformations, one fully extended and the other helical, have been used to probe the effect of peptide structures on the membrane insertion mechanism. A larger free energy decrease was observed when the peptide inserts into the membrane in a helical conformation than when it enters membrane in a non-helical conformation. We discuss an improvement of the current methodology by increasing the sampling of peptide conformations with replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations. With a growing number of bacterial infections that are resistant to conventional antibiotics, small peptides based on naturally-occurring antimicrobial peptides have become attractive candidates for a new class of antibiotics. The current methodology is expected to be useful in the design and engineering of therapeutic agents based on antimicrobial peptides with specific membrane-insertion profiles. C1 [Yeh, In-Chul; Olson, Mark A.; Lee, Michael S.; Wallqvist, Anders] USA, Biotechnol HPC Software Applicat Inst, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, MRMC, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Yeh, IC (reprint author), USA, Biotechnol HPC Software Applicat Inst, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, MRMC, Ft Detrick, MD USA. EM icy@bioanalysis.org; awallqvist@bioanalysis.org; mark.a.olson1@us.army.mil; Michael.Scott.Lee@us.army.mil OI wallqvist, anders/0000-0002-9775-7469 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.21 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200032 ER PT B AU Synowczynski, J Andzelm, J Vlachos, D AF Synowczynski, Jennifer Andzelm, Jan Vlachos, Dionisios TI Novel Mechanism for the Dissociation of H2O and the Diffusion of O and H Along the alpha Al2O3 (0001) Surface SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID CRYSTAL TRUNCATION RODS; PARTIAL OXIDATION; ADSORPTION; TERMINATION; RELAXATION; COMBUSTION; METHANE AB Based on Density Functional Theory - Generalized Gradient Approximation calculations (DFT-GGA), we provide a theoretical model for the effect of the catalytic support (alpha Al2O3) on the dissociation of H2O and the surface diffusion of oxygen and hydrogen species along the alpha Al2O3 surface. Our results indicate that upon interaction with the surface, water spontaneously dissociates, forming hydroxyls with unsaturated surface Al and neighboring oxygen atoms. In addition, we find that oxygen species can easily diffuse locally but there is a large barrier to long range surface diffusion in the absence of defects or other species. In contrast, the barrier to the long range surface diffusion of hydrogen is modest under ideal conditions. C1 [Synowczynski, Jennifer; Andzelm, Jan] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Vlachos, Dionisios] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Synowczynski, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM jenns@arl.army.mil; jandzelm@arl.army.mil; vlachos@udel.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 229 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.79 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200035 ER PT B AU Andzelm, J Rawlett, A Dougherty, J Govind, N Baer, R AF Andzelm, Jan Rawlett, Adam Dougherty, Joseph Govind, Niranjan Baer, Roi TI Performance of DFT Methods in the Calculation of Optical Spectra of Chromophores SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; GENERALIZED-GRADIENT-APPROXIMATION; GUEST-HOST; ABSORPTION; MOLECULES AB We present electronic structure calculations on the ultraviolet/visible (UV-Vis) spectra of highly active push-pull chromophores. In particular, we have implemented and applied the recently developed long-range corrected Baer-Neuhauser-Livshits (BNL) exchange-correlation,functional. We have implemented this functional in the NWChem program package. The UV-Vis spectra obtained with the BNL functional are found to be superior compared with other density functional theory (DFT) functionals. The method captures the charge-transfer states particularly well while the pi-pi* excitations are less accurate. Consideration of the chromophore conformations also improves the strength of the pi-pi* excitations. C1 [Andzelm, Jan; Rawlett, Adam; Dougherty, Joseph] US Army Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Govind, Niranjan] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Baer, Roi] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fritz Haber Ctr Molecular Dynam, Inst Chem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. RP Andzelm, J (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM jandzelm@arl.army.mil; niri.govind@pnl.gov; roi.baer@huji.ac.il RI Govind, Niranjan/D-1368-2011 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; EMSL operations FX The work at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830 (Office of Biological and Environmental Research, EMSL operations). The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by the Battelle Memorial Institute. The authors are indebted to Geoffrey A. Lindsay, Andrew Chafin, Andrew G. Mott, Robert C. Hoffman, and Timothy M. Pritchett for intellectual discussions and insight into this research. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 235 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.80 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200036 ER PT B AU Yu, CG Desai, V Zavaljevski, N Reifman, J AF Yu, Chenggang Desai, Valmik Zavaljevski, Nela Reifman, Jaques TI PIPA: A High-Throughput Pipeline for Protein Function Annotation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID GENOMES; DATABASE; TOOL AB Traditional experimental methods to determine the functions of proteins encoded in genomic sequences cannot keep pace with the avalanche of sequence data produced by new high-throughput sequencing technologies. This prompted the development of numerous bioinformatics approaches for automated protein function annotation. However, different function classification terminologies are frequently used by these different approaches, precluding the integration of multisource predictions. We developed Pipeline for Protein Annotation (PIPA), a genome-wide protein/function annotation pipeline that runs in a high-performance computing environment. PIPA integrates different tools and employs the Gene Ontology (GO) to provide consistent annotation and resolve prediction conflicts. PIPA has three modules that allow for easy development of specialized databases and integration of various bioinformatics tools. The first module, the pipeline execution module, consists of programs that enable the user access to and control of the pipeline's parallel execution of multiple jobs, each searching a particular database for a chunk of the input data. The execution module wraps the second module, the core pipeline module. The integrated resources, the program for terminology conversion to GO, and the consensus annotation program constitute the main components Of the core module. The third module is the preprocessing module. This last module contains the program for customized generation of protein function databases and the GO-mapping generation program, which creates GO mappings for the terminology conversion program. The current implementation of PIPA annotates protein functions by combining the results of an in-house-developed database for enzyme catalytic function prediction (CatFam) and the results of multiple integrated resources, such as the 11 member databases of InterPro and the Conserved Domains Database, into common GO terms. A Web-page-based graphical user interface is developed based on the User Interface Toolkit. The pipeline is deployed on two LINUX clusters, JVN at the Army Research Laboratory Major Shared Resource Center and JAWS at the Maui High Performance Computing Center. Currently, scientists at the Naval Medical Research Center are using PIPA to predict protein functions for newly sequenced bacterial pathogens and their near-neighbor strains. Validation tests show that, on average, the CatFam database yields predictions of enzyme catalytic functions with accuracy greater than 95%. Test results of the consensus GO annotation show an improvement in performance of up to 8% when compared with annotations in which consensus is not used. C1 [Yu, Chenggang; Desai, Valmik; Zavaljevski, Nela; Reifman, Jaques] USA, MRMC, Biotechnol HPC Software Applicat Inst, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Yu, CG (reprint author), USA, MRMC, Biotechnol HPC Software Applicat Inst, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. EM cyu@bioanalysis.org; valmik@bioanalysis.org; nelaz@bioanalysis.org; jreifman@bioanalysis.org NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.24 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200037 ER PT B AU MacCall, B Haines, P Measure, E Marlin, D Sun, WY Hsu, WR Grove, D AF MacCall, Benjamin Haines, Patrick Measure, Edward Marlin, David Sun, Wen-Yih Hsu, Wu-Ron Grove, David TI Numerical Exploration of the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ BILLOWS; SHEAR EXCITATION; GRAVITY-WAVES; TURBULENCE; MODEL; BUOYANCY; FLOWS AB Simulating the stable atmospheric boundary-layer (SABL) presents a significant challenge to numerical models due to the interactions of several processes with widely varying scales. For example, at larger scales, gravity waves can extract energy and momentum from the mean flow and efficiently transport them between regions in the atmosphere. Simulation of gravity waves requires a large spatial domain. Meanwhile, at small-scales, turbulent motions exhibit a complicated, time-dependent structure requiring sophisticated numerical treatment and a very small grid spacing. How these two processes interact to generate relatively strong turbulent mixing in environments ostensibly hostile to turbulent production remains a mystery. While focusing on idealized simulations to make the problem more tractable, a Reynolds Stress turbulence closure scheme was incorporated into the National Taiwan University/Purdue University Non-hydrostatic model, in order to more accurately simulate shear instability, one of the most important processes in the SABL. Shear instability is the most common mechanism for gravity wave generation, a mechanism for gravity wave absorption, and the dominant turbulence production process. The primary instability and cross-flow vorticity are accurately reproduced. In addition, secondary instabilities appear to be occurring, such as vortex pairing and knotting, which leads to the generation of stream-wise and vertical vorticity. In addition, gravity waves are generated via non-linear interactions between the Kelvin-Helmholtz modes directly produced by the shear. The resulting waves have an order of magnitude longer wavelength than the Kelvin-Helmholtz waves and a significantly greater phase speed in agreement with the literature. C1 [MacCall, Benjamin] Univ Louisville, Dept Phys & Astron, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Haines, Patrick; Measure, Edward; Marlin, David] ARL, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA. [Sun, Wen-Yih] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hsu, Wu-Ron] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. [Grove, David] ARL, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP MacCall, B (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Phys & Astron, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM maccall@arl.army.mil; phaines@arl.army.mil; emeasure@arl.army.mil; dmarlin@arl.army.mil; wysun@purdue.edu; wrhsu@as.ntu.edu.tw; dgrove@arl.army.mil FU Department of Defense HPC Modernization Program under Challenge Project C3C FX This research was supported by the Department of Defense HPC Modernization Program under Challenge Project C3C. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 280 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.63 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200044 ER PT B AU Tracy, B Spindler, D AF Tracy, Barbara Spindler, Deanna TI Wave Information Studies (WIS) Pacific Regional Hindcast SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB Coastal wave information is invaluable to coastal engineering projects, designs, maintenance of structures, erosion studies and slot-in climatology analyses. The mission of the Wave Information Studies (WIS) program in the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL), Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) in Vicksburg, MS, is to provide a database of wave information for all the United States coastlines. This information is useful in both civil and military applications. WIS populates this wave information database with wave parameter results from a wave hindcast, a process that uses input wind fields over a gridded area (grid points are identified as water with a specific depth or land) as input to a numerical wave hindcast computer code that models all the physical processes produced from ocean wind wave generation for past events. These wave hindcasts produce wave spectral energy information for every grid point and provide a continuous record of wave information. WIS hindcast results are compared with measurements from in-situ buoys for quality control. The WIS website currently contains at least 20 years of recent wave information for stations near the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific Basin, and Great Lakes coastlines. The Pacific Basin hindcast presented special challenges because of the vast area of the basin, the scarcity of measured information, the necessity for accurate propagation of swell energy from North Pacific and southern hemisphere storms over the Pacific basin, and accurate obstruction definition of small islands in the grid. Research and testing of several wave hindcast models resulted in the choice of the WAVEWATCH III (version 2.22 developed at NOAA/NCEP) numerical wave hindcast model for the Pacific Basin hindcast. This numerical hindcast model using state-of-the-art input wind fields from Oceanweather, Inc., produced 23 years (1981-2004) of wave hindcast information for the Pacific Basin. This information has proved to be invaluable for projects in the Hawaiian Islands and American Samoa. The next frontier for WIS is to produce wave information close to the Pacific mainland coastline. Regional Pacific wind fields for five years at a spacing of 0.25 degrees were secured from Oceanweather, Inc., to use with existing basin wind fields for the same time period at 0.5 degree spacing. The WIS CHL staff has collaborated with NOAA/NCEP to use the new multi-grid WAVEWATCH III numerical wave hindcast model to produce a wave hindcast that computes results from three nested grids in one run. This new technology developed and released by NOAA/NCEP late in 2007 allows WIS to run the basin 0.5 degree grid along with two regional grids (0.25 deg and 1/12 deg) covering the Pacific mainland west coast. Energy can move freely in and out of the boundaries of the three nested grids. This complex multi-grid WAVEWATCH III MPI parallel application would not be possible without the parallel computing resources available at the ERDC MSRC. This paper will show the initial results of the hindcast, comparisons of results with measured information, and will give an overview of the computing process for the Pacific Regional hindcasts. C1 [Tracy, Barbara] USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Spindler, Deanna] NOAA NCEP, SAIC, Environm Modelling Ctr, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Tracy, B (reprint author), USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM Barbara.A.Tracy@usace.army.mil; Deanna.Spindler@noaa.gov FU Coastal Field Data Collection Program at ERDC CHL in Vicksburg FX WIS is funded as part of the Coastal Field Data Collection Program at ERDC CHL in Vicksburg, MS. Alan Cialone created plots used in this paper. Permission for publication of this paper was granted by the Director, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 299 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.84 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200047 ER PT B AU Parker, MW Ketcham, SA Dey, S AF Parker, Michael W. Ketcham, Stephen A. Dey, Saikat TI Scattering of Seismic Waves by Shallow Building Foundations Using High-Order FEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB The United States Army is continuously improving upon its situational awareness in all operational environments. To extend the usefulness of seismic sensors to urban environments, we first need to understand the scattering of seismic waves by shallow foundations. Our objective is to use three-dimensional, high performance computations to characterize this scattering at fairly low propagation frequencies. The results include an h-(mesh size) and p-(element order interpolation) refinement wave-field measures of constructive and study, and destructive interference (scattering) at low frequencies for an urban model that includes typical shallow foundations. The interference measures demonstrate the ability of the code STARS3D to quantify seismic scattering from urban structures. We conclude that shallow building foundations do impact seismic wave propagation in urban environment. C1 [Parker, Michael W.; Ketcham, Stephen A.] USACE, ERDC, CRREL, Hanover, NH USA. [Dey, Saikat] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD USA. RP Parker, MW (reprint author), USACE, ERDC, CRREL, Hanover, NH USA. EM Michael.W.Parker@erdc.usace.army.mil; Stephen.A.Ketcham@erdc.usace.army.mil; Dey@pa.nrl.navy.mil FU Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP); PET [CEA-KY06-001] FX Funding support is from Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) Software Applications Institute I-01: Institute for Maneuverability and Terrain Physics Simulation; and Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) 6.2 Program URBAN Seismic/Acoustic Signatures and Phenomenology. Computational support is from HPCMP Challenge Project ERDC1130C2X, Decision Support for Seismic and Acoustic Sensors in Urban Terrain. Adaptation of STARS3D for seismic modeling was supported by PET project CEA-KY06-001: Seismic simulation for UGS applications. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 334 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.86 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200052 ER PT B AU Ketcham, SA Parker, MW Cudney, HH Wilson, DK AF Ketcham, Stephen A. Parker, Michael W. Cudney, Harley H. Wilson, D. Keith TI Scattering of Urban Sound Energy from High-Performance Computations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB The US Army's unattended ground sensors operating in urban terrain will rely in part on acoustic components to detect, classify, and locate sources of interest. Optimal sensing and processing of acoustic signals will require understanding of the scattering of sound waves by urban structures. Our objective is to apply high-performance computations to statistically quantify acoustic scattering and multi-path interference as a function of urban-terrain type. The results include wave-field interference maps in different types of urban terrain and statistically generated signal finding and coherence functions of range and frequency. We examine the usefulness of these functions for acoustic sensor-placement decision support, and show that urban wave-field computations can provide parameters needed for statistical models of sensor performance. C1 [Ketcham, Stephen A.; Parker, Michael W.; Cudney, Harley H.; Wilson, D. Keith] USACE, ERDC, CRREL, Hanover, NH USA. RP Ketcham, SA (reprint author), USACE, ERDC, CRREL, Hanover, NH USA. EM Stephen.A.Ketcham@erdc.usace.army.mil; Michael.W.Parker@erdc.usace.army.mil; Harley.H.Cudney@erdc.usace.army.mil; D.Keith.Wilson@erdc.usace.army.mil RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.8 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200053 ER EF