FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ergen, E Akinci, B East, B Kirby, J AF Ergen, Esin Akinci, Burcu East, Bill Kirby, Jeff TI Tracking components and maintenance history within a facility utilizing radio frequency identification technology SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTION AB Limitations in data transfer between maintenance workers and a central facility management (FM) system result in lower data quality, longer service process times, and ineffective capturing of component maintenance history. Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology provides an opportunity to meet the current needs for uniquely identifying facility components, storing some maintenance history information on the component, and accessing this information on-demand within a facility. There have not been any research studies that tested the performance of active ultrahigh frequency RFID technology on facility components during operations and maintenance phase repetitively over an extended period of time. The objectives of this study were to identify how RFID technology can improve current FM processes and to determine technological feasibility of using RFID within a facility repetitively on a daily basis. The writers tagged fire valves in a facility with RFID tags and conducted a longevity test for sixty consecutive days by simulating tag identification, data access, and entry in real-life conditions. The results demonstrate that current commercially available active RFID technology performs well in a building environment where metallic objects and different obstructions are present. The observed reading distances were approximately half of the reading range expected in open air provided that there are not any massive obstructions between the reader and the tag. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Akinci, B (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM esin.ergen@itu.edu.tr; bakinci@cmu.edu; Bill.W.East@erdc.usace.army.mil; Jeffrey.G.Kirby@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 9 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3801 J9 J COMPUT CIVIL ENG JI J. Comput. Civil. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2007)21:1(11) PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 119ZZ UT WOS:000243054300002 ER PT J AU Ottinger, MA Lavoie, ET Quinn, MJ AF Ottinger, M. A. Lavoie, E. T. Quinn, M. J. TI Evaluating reproductive and immune consequences of endocrine disrupting chemicals in an avian bioassay SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Annual Meeting of the American-Dairy-Science-Association/Poultry-Science-Association-Asociacio n-Mexicana-de-Produccion-Animal/American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL 08, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Diary Sci Assoc, Poultry Sci Assoc, Asociac Mexicana Prod Anim, Amer Soc Anim Sci DE endocrine disrupting chemicals; reproductive and immune systems; Japanese quail C1 [Ottinger, M. A.; Lavoie, E. T.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Quinn, M. J.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PY 2007 VL 90 SU 1 BP 449 EP 449 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 213UP UT WOS:000249692901384 ER PT J AU Kim, TW Wilcoski, J Foutch, DA AF Kim, Tae-Wan Wilcoski, James Foutch, Douglas A. TI Analysis of measured and calculated response of a cold-formed steel shear panel structure SO JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cold-formed; steel; shear panel; shake table test; analytical model ID FRAMES; DESIGN AB Cold-formed steel buildings are a very popular structural system in the United States, including areas where strong earthquakes are expected. As part of a larger study of this structural system, shake table tests of a full-size, one bay two-story model were conducted on a shake table. The objectives of the research were to study the dynamic behavior of this structure under large amplitudes of motion and to determine if commonly used analytical models are able to predict the measured motion of the structure with reasonable accuracy. Initial attempts to reproduce the measured results were quite poor. This problem was a result of the inability of the shake table to properly control the table motion. This paper describes the process and results of trying to reconcile the measured and calculated responses of the model. In doing so, some light was also shed on the ability of commonly used models for the dynamic analysis of cold-formed steel buildings to predict their response to large earthquakes. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US Army Corps Engn Engn Res & Dev, Ctr Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL USA. RP Kim, TW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 3129A NCEL 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM kimbigdol@skku.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1363-2469 J9 J EARTHQ ENG JI J. EARTHQU. ENG. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 67 EP 85 DI 10.1080/13632460601031862 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 160VA UT WOS:000245969200005 ER PT J AU Corcoran, J Apicella, MJ Mines, P AF Corcoran, Jim Apicella, Michael J. Mines, Pete TI The effect of operator experience in locating additional canals in maxillary molars SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE maxillary molars; morphology ID 2ND MESIOBUCCAL CANALS; PERMANENT TEETH; ROOT CANALS; 1ST MOLAR; MICROSCOPE; CONFIGURATION; FREQUENCY; INVIVO AB The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of operator experience on the ability to locate and fill extra canals in maxillary first and second molars in vivo. The number of canals located and filled from maxillary first and second molars was recorded from three endodontic residents during the first 6 months of their training, and then compared to the last 6 months of their training in a 2-yr endodontic residency program. Data from each resident was collected and compiled together. The study showed a statistically greater percentage of additional canals located and filled by residents in their last 6 months, as compared to the same residents in their first 6 months in maxillary first and second molars (p < 0.05). Therefore, operator experience was found to improve the ability to locate and fill additional canals in maxillary first and second molars. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Ft Campbell, KY USA. USA, Endondont Residency Program, USA Dent Activ, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. RP Mines, P (reprint author), Rohde Dent Clin, Bldg D-3836 Ardennes St, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. EM pete.mines@us.army.mil NR 19 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 15 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2005.11.005 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 122AW UT WOS:000243199100004 PM 17185120 ER PT J AU Pavlov, J Christodoulatos, C Sidhoum, M Nicolich, S Balas, W Koutsospyros, A AF Pavlov, Julius Christodoulatos, Christos Sidhoum, Mohammed Nicolich, Steven Balas, Wendy Koutsospyros, Agamemnon TI Hydrolysis of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE arrhenius equation; CL-20; HNIW; hydrolysis; kinetics; polymorphs ID SOIL AB The hydrolysis of the alpha, beta, and epsilon polymorphs of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexariitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzi-tane(CL-20) was investigated in dilute buffered aqueons solutions over a pH range of 4-10 and at 35, 43, 50, 58 and 65 degrees C, with starting concentrations of CL-20 at one half the solubility limit for the respective temperature. In all cases, an overall first-order kinetic behavior was observed. The rate constants, half-lives, activation energies, and Arrhenius pre-exponential factors were determined. The latter was found to vary linearly with pH. Based on these findings, general formulas for the hydrolysis kinetics of the three polymorphs were developed. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Ctr Environm Syst, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. USA, TACOM ARDEC, Energet & Warheads Div, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. Univ New Haven, Dept Civil Mech & Environm Engn, West Haven, CT USA. RP Sidhoum, M (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Ctr Environm Syst, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM msidhoum@stevens.edu NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1080/07370650601107245 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 134OI UT WOS:000244092300001 ER PT J AU Allende, M Fair, DF Kalyon, DM Chiu, D Moy, S AF Allende, Melquiades Fair, David F. Kalyon, Dilhan M. Chiu, Donald Moy, Sam TI Development of particle concentration distributions and burn rate gradients upon shear-induced particle migration during processing of energetic suspensions SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE gradient; migration; particles; processing; shear-induced ID HIGHLY FILLED SUSPENSIONS; POISEUILLE FLOW; SLIP; CAPILLARY AB Shear induced particle migration is an important issue to be addressed during the processing of concentrated suspensions, which constitute various energetic formulations consisting of polymeric binders with a. relatively high concentration of rigid energetic particles. Upon shear-induced particle migration during manufacturing, concentration gradients of the rigid particles are developed that lead to burn rate gradients to alter the overall burn rate behavior of the energetic grains. Here it is demonstrated that changes in the burn rates would occur both ill drag and pressure-driven processing flows tinder conditions in which the particle radius over the gap of the processing geometry is appreciable. Typical results are provided. C1 USA, TACOM ARDEC, AMSRD AAR AEE W, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Fair, DF (reprint author), USA, TACOM ARDEC, AMSRD AAR AEE W, Bldg 3150, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 49 EP 67 DI 10.1080/07370650601107203 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 134OI UT WOS:000244092300004 ER PT J AU Katritzky, AR Rogers, JW Witek, RM Vakulenko, AV Mohapatra, PP Steel, PJ Damavarapu, R AF Katritzky, Alan R. Rogers, James W. Witek, Rachel M. Vakulenko, Anatoliy V. Mohapatra, Prabhu P. Steel, Peter J. Damavarapu, Reddy TI Synthesis and characterization of blowing agents and hypergolics SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE blowing agents; characterization; hypergolic compounds; synthesis ID ENERGETIC SALTS; HETEROCYCLES; PROPELLANTS; NITRATION; SULTAM; LIQUID AB Twelve energetic additives 7-18 were synthesized and evaluated for use as blowing agents. All blowing agent candidates were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and impact sensitivity testing. The X-ray crystal structure of pyrazolium nitrate was also determined. Hypergolic compounds imidazolidine 38a, hexahydropyrimidine 38b, and pyrrolidine derivatives 42 were obtained in improved 80 90% yields by the reduction of the corresponding carbonyl compounds with lithium aluminum hydride in ether under reflux for 12 h. Ignition delays (tau(exp), mu s) were determined for compounds 38a, b and 42. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Heterocycl Cpds, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Katritzky, AR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Heterocycl Cpds, Dept Chem, 127 Chem Res Bldg, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM katritzky@chem.ufl.edu RI Mohapatra, Prabhu/O-5415-2014 NR 48 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 79 EP 109 DI 10.1080/07370650701204702 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 158IC UT WOS:000245784000002 ER PT J AU Ozkan, S Gevgilili, H Kalyon, DM Kowalczyk, J Mezger, M AF Ozkan, S. Gevgilili, H. Kalyon, D. M. Kowalczyk, J. Mezger, M. TI Twin-screw extrusion of nano-alumina - Based simulants of energetic formulations involving gel-based binders SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dispersion; extrusion; nanocomposites; nanoenergetics; nanoparticles ID CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; MIXEDNESS AB A 7.5-mm twin-screw extruder was developed specifically for the processing of energetic formulations involving nanoparticles. Prior to extrusion of energetic formulations, simulants of CMC, water, and alumina nanoparticle gels were extruded. Quantitative measures of degree of mixed-ness (statistics of concentration distributions) were obtained on samples processed with the twin-screw extruder and with conventional processing methods using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and were corroborated with microscopy. Twin-screw extrusion process generated more homogeneous mixtures of nanoparticles than conventional (intensive batch) mixing technologies and the use of surfactants further improved the homogeneity. With increasing homogeneity the suspension exhibited lower elasticity and shear viscosity. Overall, the results of this study emphasize the important roles played by the surface properties of rigid particles, the interfacial tension between the particles and the binder, and the rheological behavior of the binder. In the absence of properly selected binder and surfactant(s), the processing of nanoparticles, without agglomeration, is difficult to achieve. This finding may be relevant to the evaluation of past efforts, which have aimed to improve the ultimate properties of energetic formulations by incorporating nanoparticles. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Mat Proc & Res, Hackensack, NJ USA. USA, TACOM ARDEC, Armament Syst Proc Div, WECAC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Kalyon, DM (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Castle Point St, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM dkalyon@stevens.edu NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 173 EP 201 DI 10.1080/07370650701399320 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 183VR UT WOS:000247601000003 ER PT J AU Kowalczyk, JE Malik, M Kalyon, DM Gevgilili, H Fair, DF Mezger, M Fair, M AF Kowalczyk, J. E. Malik, M. Kalyon, D. M. Gevgilili, H. Fair, D. F. Mezger, M. Fair, M. TI Safety in design and manufacturing of extruders used for the continuous processing of energetic formulations SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE extrusion; nanoenergetics; processing; safety; simulation; twin screw ID HIGHLY FILLED SUSPENSIONS; CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; WALL SLIP; RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; FLOW; CAPILLARY; COMBINATION; PARTICLES; POLYMERS AB Extruders used for the continuous processing of energetic materials require various types of safety features and thus are differentiated from the extruders commonly available to civilian industries. Items of particular importance to the user include the in-process volume, control of the energetic material properties (especially temperature and pressure), the ability to quickly release pressure, reduction of metal-to-metal contact, and the control of electrical discharge. In this article, two novel extrusion platforms, the first one involving a flexible manufacturing platform and the second designed to process nanoenergetics, are described to illustrate the procedures necessary to design extrusion platforms for energetics manufacture. Particular emphasis is given to the safety features that need to be incorporated during the design stage, along with a detailed discussion of the flexibility and ease of use of extrusion equipment. The use of material-specific mathematical modeling in the design of the extrusion platforms is also elucidated as a first line of defense for safety and ease of use. C1 Mat Proc & Res Inc, Hackensack, NJ USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Kalyon, DM (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Highly Filled Mat Inst, Castle Point Stn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM dkalyon@stevens.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 247 EP 271 DI 10.1080/07370650701567074 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 220ZP UT WOS:000250196300004 ER PT J AU Cavallaro, PV Sadegh, AM Quigley, CJ AF Cavallaro, Paul V. Sadegh, Ali M. Quigley, Claudia J. TI Contributions of Strain Energy and PV-work on the Bending Behavior of Uncoated Plain-woven Fabric Air Beams SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AND FABRICS LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; COMPOSITES; WEAVE; MECHANICS; MODEL AB The bending performance of fabric air beams varies significantly from conventional beams. Both are dependent upon the constitutive relations of the material, but air beams are further dependent upon the thermodynamics of the internal air. As the governing energy balance demonstrates, air beam bending is dependent upon strain energy and PV-work (air compressibility). The relative importance of these terms will vary with pressure, volume changes and shear deformations. To this point, a swatch of uncoated plain-woven fabric was subjected to mechanical tests and its material properties determined. Attempts at using the stress-strain measurements in air beam models, assumed constructed with the same fabric, were made. The models accounted for fluid-structure interactions between the air and fabric. Homogenization methods were used and were necessary to provide computational efficiencies for the macro-scale air beam model while attempts were made to incorporate the combined extension and shear behaviors observed during the material tests. Bending behavior was numerically investigated for several constitutive cases. The models were solved with the ABAQUS-Explicit program over a range of pressures. The fabric strain energy and PV-work were tracked and compared. It was concluded that strain energy and PV-work must be considered in deflection analyses of uncoated plain-woven fabric air beams. C1 [Sadegh, Ali M.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Cavallaro, Paul V.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Quigley, Claudia J.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sadegh, AM (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, Convent Ave & 140th St, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM sadegh@ccny.cuny.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDA PI CARY PA PO BOX 1288, CARY, NC 27512-1288 USA SN 1558-9250 J9 J ENG FIBER FABR JI J. Eng. Fiber Fabr. PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 16 EP 30 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 362SC UT WOS:000260216400002 ER PT J AU Gibson, PW Lee, C Ko, F Reneker, D AF Gibson, Phillip W. Lee, Calvin Ko, Frank Reneker, Darrell TI Application of Nanofiber Technology to Nonwoven Thermal Insulation SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AND FABRICS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER; RADIATION AB Nanofiber technology (fiber diameter less than 1 micrometer) is under development for future Army lightweight protective clothing systems. Nanofiber applications for ballistic and chemical/biological protection are being actively investigated, but the thermal properties of nanofibers and their potential protection against cold environments are relatively unknown. Previous studies have shown that radiative heat transfer in fibrous battings is minimized at fiber diameters between 5 and 10 micrometers. However, the radiative heat transfer mechanism of extremely small diameter fibers of less than 1 micrometer diameter is not well known. Previous studies were limited to glass fibers, which have a unique set of thermal radiation properties governed by the thermal emissivity properties of glass. We are investigating the thermal transfer properties of high loft nanofiber battings composed of carbon fiber and various polymeric fibers such as polyacrylonitrile, nylon, and polyurethane. Thermal insulation battings incorporating nanofibers could decrease the weight and bulk of current thermal protective clothing, and increase mobility for soldiers in the battlefield. C1 [Gibson, Phillip W.; Lee, Calvin] USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Macromol Sci Team, AMSRD NSC SS MS, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Ko, Frank] Univ British Columbia, AMPEL Fibrous Mat, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Reneker, Darrell] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Gibson, PW (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Macromol Sci Team, AMSRD NSC SS MS, Bldg 3 Res, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM phillip.gibson@us.army.mil RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010 OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 22 PU INDA PI CARY PA PO BOX 1288, CARY, NC 27512-1288 USA SN 1558-9250 J9 J ENG FIBER FABR JI J. Eng. Fiber Fabr. PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 BP 32 EP 40 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 362SD UT WOS:000260216500004 ER PT J AU Cho, H Jung, DH Filipi, ZS Assanis, DN Vanderslice, J Bryzik, W AF Cho, Hoon Jung, Dohoy Filipi, Zoran S. Assanis, Dennis N. Vanderslice, John Bryzik, Walter TI Application of controllable electric coolant pump for fuel economy and cooling performance improvement SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The engine cooling system for a typical class 3 pickup truck with a medium ditty diesel engine was modeled with a commercial code, GT-Cool, in order to explore the benefit of a controllable electric pump on the cooling performance and the pump operation. As the first step, the cooling system model with a conventional mechanical coolant pump was validated with experimental data. After the model validation, the mechanical pump submodel was replaced with the electric pump submodel, and then the potential benefit of the electric pump on fuel economy was investigated with the simulation. Based on constant flow analysis, a modified thermostat hysteresis was proposed to reduce the recirculating flow and the electric pump effort. It was also demonstrated that the radiator size could be reduced without any cooling peformance penalty by replacing the mechanical pump with the electric pump. The predicted results indicate that the cooling system with the electric pump can dramatically reduce the pump power consumption during the FTP 74 driving schedule and that the radiator can be downsized by more than 27% of the original size, under the grade load condition. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48124 USA. USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Cho, H (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1115/1.22270351 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 124SL UT WOS:000243390100028 ER PT J AU Xie, CL Hailat, M Wu, X Newaz, G Taya, M Raju, B AF Xie, C. L. Hailat, M. Wu, X. Newaz, G. Taya, M. Raju, B. TI Development of short fiber-reinforced NiTi/Al6061 composite SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOY; METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITE; NITI; BEHAVIOR AB The aluminum matrix composite reinforced by short NiTi shape memory alloy fibers, NiTi/Al6061 composite, was fabricated using pressure-assisted sintering process in ambient air Surface preparation and thermal pretreatment of NiTi fibers essential for solid state bonding of TixAly intermetallic compound were carried out. Strong interface bonding between NiTi fiber and Al6061 matrix was obtained. The strengthening mechanism of shape memory effect associated with short fiber reinforcement was theoretically examined by extending Taya's previous model. The stress-strain behavior of the short fiber-reinforced NiTi/Al6061 composite was investigated at room and elevated temperature both experimentally and analytically. In order to activate the shape memory effect, the composite was prestrained at a temperature between martensite start temperature M-s and austenite start temperature A(s), then yield stresses as a function of the prestrain were tested and predicted at a temperature above the austenite finish temperature A(f). It was found that: (1) the yield stress of the composite increased with increasing the amount of prestrain; (2) the prestrain value should not exceed 0.01, to make use of strengthening of the composite without loss of the ductility of the matrix; and (3) failure of the composite was caused by the strength mismatch between the NiTi fiber and aluminum matrix. C1 Noveltech Inc, Plymouth, MI 48170 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Intelligent & Syst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Xie, CL (reprint author), Noveltech Inc, 40500 Ann Arbor Rd, Plymouth, MI 48170 USA. EM noveltech@sbcglobal.net; gnewaz@eng.wayne.edu; tayam@u.washington.edu; basavaraju.raju@us.army.mil NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1115/1.2400271 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 126AX UT WOS:000243485700008 ER PT J AU Cravens, DD Nashelsky, J Oh, RC AF Cravens, David D. Nashelsky, Joan Oh, Robert C. TI How do we evaluate a marginally low B-12 level? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; METHYLMALONIC ACID; VITAMIN-B-12 C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Cravens, DD (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 56 IS 1 BP 62 EP 63 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 196XS UT WOS:000248517200016 PM 17217902 ER PT J AU Palmer, DR Fernandez, S Bisbing, J Peachman, KK Rao, M Barvir, D Gunther, V Burgess, T Kohno, Y Padmanabhan, R Sun, W AF Palmer, Dupeh R. Fernandez, Stefan Bisbing, John Peachman, Kristina K. Rao, Mangala Barvir, Dave Gunther, Vicky Burgess, Timothy Kohno, Yukari Padmanabhan, R. Sun, Wellington TI Restricted replication and lysosomal trafficking of yellow fever 17D vaccine virus in human dendritic cells SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; DENGUE VIRUS; DC-SIGN; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; FLAVIVIRUS; MECHANISM; TRANS; NS1 AB The yellow fever virus attenuated 17D vaccine strain is a safe and effective vaccine and a valuable model system for evaluating immune responses against attenuated viral variants. This study compared the in vitro interactions of the commercially available yellow fever vaccine (YF-VAX), Dengue virus and the live-attenuated dengue vaccine PDK50 with dendritic cells (DCs), the main antigen-presenting cells at the initiation of immune responses. Similar to PDK50, infection with YF-VAX generated activated DCs; however, for YF-VAX, activation occurred with limited intracellular virus replication. The majority of internalized virus co-localized with endolysosomal markers within 90 min, suggesting that YF-VAX is processed rapidly in DCs. These results indicate that restricted virus replication and lysosomal compartmentalization may be important contributing factors to the success of the YF-VAX vaccine. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Inst Med Res, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC USA. RP Palmer, DR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM dupeh.palmer@na.amedd.army.mil NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 88 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82272-0 PN 1 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 124EN UT WOS:000243350400018 PM 17170447 ER PT J AU Perovich, DK AF Perovich, Donald K. TI Light reflection and transmission by a temperate snow cover SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; SEA-ICE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ANTARCTIC SNOW; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; SPECTRAL ALBEDOS; SOLAR-RADIATION; SURFACE ALBEDO AB An understanding of the reflection and transmission of light by snow is important for snow thermodynamics, hydrology, ecology and remote sensing. Snow has an intricate microstructure replete with ice/air interfaces that scatter light. Spectral observations of light reflection and transmission, from 400 to 1000 nm, were made in temperate snowpacks, under cold and under melting conditions. The optical observations were made using a dual-detector spectroradiometer. One detector was placed above the snow surface to monitor the incident and reflected solar irradiance, and the second detector was placed at the base of snow cover to measure downwelling irradiance. The optical measurements were supplemented by a physical characterization of the snow, including depth, density and an estimate of grain size. In general, transmitted light levels were low and showed a strong spectral dependence, with maximum values between 450 and 550 nm. For example, a 10 cm thick snow layer reduced visible transmission (500 nm) to about 5% of the incident irradiance, and infrared transmission (800 nm) to less than 1%. Extinction coefficients were in the range 3-30 m(-1), and tended to decrease slightly as the snow aged and increase as snow density increased. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Perovich, DK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM donald.k.perovich@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 44 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 9 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2007 VL 53 IS 181 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.3189/172756507782202919 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 190QH UT WOS:000248073500005 ER PT J AU Liston, GE Haehnel, RB Sturm, M Hiemstra, CA Berezovskaya, S Tabler, RD AF Liston, Glen E. Haehnel, Robert B. Sturm, Matthew Hiemstra, Christopher A. Berezovskaya, Svetlana Tabler, Ronald D. TI Instruments and methods simulating complex snow distributions in windy environments using SnowTran-3D SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOWING SNOW; DRIFTING-SNOW; ARCTIC TUNDRA; TURBULENT FLUXES; TRANSPORT MODEL; UPPER TREELINE; TERRAIN; COVER; REDISTRIBUTION; SUBLIMATION AB We present a generalized version of SnowTran-3D (version 2.0), that simulates wind-related snow distributions over the range of topographic and climatic environments found globally. This version includes three primary enhancements to the original Liston and Sturm (1998) model: (1) an improved wind sub-model, (2) a two-layer sub-model describing the spatial and temporal evolution of friction velocity that must be exceeded to transport snow (the threshold friction velocity) and (3) implementation of a three-dimensional, equilibrium-drift profile sub-model that forces SnowTran-3D snow accumulations to duplicate observed drift profiles. These three sub-models allow SnowTran-3D to simulate snow-transport processes in variable topography and different snow climates. In addition, SnowTran-3D has been coupled to a high-resolution, spatially distributed meteorological model (MicroMet) to provide more realistic atmospheric forcing data. MicroMet distributes data (precipitation, wind speed and direction, air temperature and relative humidity) obtained from meteorological stations and/or atmospheric models located within or near the simulation domain. SnowTran-3D has also been coupled to a spatially distributed energy- and mass-balance snow-evolution modeling system (SnowModel) designed for application in any landscape and climate where snow is found. SnowTran-3D is typically run using temporal increments ranging from I hour to 1 day, horizontal grid increments ranging from 1 to 100 m and time-spans ranging from individual storms to entire snow seasons. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Tabler & Associates, Niwot, CO 80544 USA. RP Liston, GE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM liston@cira.colostate.edu NR 78 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 22 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2007 VL 53 IS 181 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.3189/172756507782202865 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 190QH UT WOS:000248073500009 ER PT J AU Pettit, EC Thorsteinsson, T Jacobson, HP Waddington, ED AF Pettit, Erin C. Thorsteinsson, Throstur Jacobson, H. Paul Waddington, Edwin D. TI The role of crystal fabric in flow near an ice divide SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE ICE; WEST ANTARCTICA; SIPLE DOME; ANISOTROPIC ICE; SHEET; CREEP; GREENLAND; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; SCALES AB Polycrystalline ice near an ice divide typically shows a crystal fabric (crystal preferred orientation) with c axes clustered vertically. We explore the effect of this fabric on the large-scale flow pattern near an ice divide. We incorporate an analytical formulation for anisotropy into a non-linear flow law within a finite-element ice-sheet flow model. With four different depth profiles of crystal fabric, we find that the effect of fabric is significant only when a profile has a minimum cone angle of less than similar to 25 degrees. For a steady-state divide, the shape and size of the isochrone arch can depend as much on the crystal fabric as it does on the non-linearity of ice flow. A vertically oriented fabric tends to increase the size of the isochrone arch, never to reduce it. Also, non-random fabric has little effect on the ice-divide-flow pattern when ice is modeled as a linear (Newtonian) fluid. Finally, when we use a crystal-fabric profile that closely approximates the measured profile for Siple Dome, West Antarctica, the model predicts concentrated bed-parallel shearing 300 m above the bed. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Pettit, EC (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 3510, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. EM epettit@ess.washington.edu RI Thorsteinsson, Throstur/A-8960-2008 OI Thorsteinsson, Throstur/0000-0001-5964-866X NR 45 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2007 VL 53 IS 181 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.3189/172756507782202766 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 190QH UT WOS:000248073500012 ER PT J AU Cathles, LM Cathles, LM Albert, MR AF Cathles, L. Madagan Cathles, L. M., III Albert, M. R. TI Instruments and methods - A physically based method for correcting temperature profile measurements made using thermocouples SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SNOW; ICE AB High-frequency (diurnal) temperature variations occur simultaneously at multiple depths separated by meters of snow in at least several and probably many Arctic and Antarctic thermocouple datasets. These temperature variations cannot be caused by heat conduction from the surface because their amplitudes are too large and there is no phase lag with depth, and they cannot be caused by heat advection because the air flux required is greater than is available. Rather, the simultaneous temperature variations (STVs) appear to originate within the box that houses the data logger as thermocouple-like offset voltages, wire heating or thermistor error. The STVs can be corrected by requiring that the temperatures vary smoothly with time at the greatest depth at which temperature is measured. The correction voltage determined in this fashion, when applied to the thermocouples at other depths, corrects the entire dataset. The method successfully removes STVs with 24 hour period that are up to 3.8 degrees C in amplitude, and is superior to the averaging techniques commonly used to correct thermocouple data because it introduces no spurious (non-physical) temperature variations. The correction method described can be applied to all thermocouple data where temperature measurements have been made at depths similar to 0.5 m into the snowpack. The corrections should allow more physical process and parameter information to be extracted more confidently from existing firm temperature data. Identification of the STVs and their probable cause also suggests how better data might be collected in the future. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14883 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Cathles, LM (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM mcathles@uchicago.edu; mcathles@uchicago.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2007 VL 53 IS 181 BP 298 EP 304 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 190QH UT WOS:000248073500014 ER PT J AU Gow, AJ Meese, D AF Gow, Anthony J. Meese, Debra TI Physical properties, crystalline textures and c-axis fabrics of the Siple Dome (Antarctica) ice core SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; WEST ANTARCTICA; GREENLAND; SHEET; STATION AB The quality of the ice core from Siple Dome, West Antarctica, varied widely, with significant fracturing below 400m. Bubbly ice persisted to the ice-rock interface at 1004m and constituted the brittle zone. The core has undergone minimal relaxation and has remained brittle and prone to fracturing more than 5years after it was drilled. This behavior is attributed to unrelieved stresses from Kamb and Bindschadler Ice Streams (former Ice Streams C and D) flanking the dome. Melt layers were identified sporadically throughout the core, as were inclined layers tilted at angles that occasionally exceeded 10 degrees. Structurally, the ice was characterized by extensive recrystallization including grain-size changes from 0.074 cm(2) at 59 m to > 50 cm(2) at 992 m, and major transitions in c-axis fabrics. Unusual fabrics included vertical c-axis clusters superimposed on vertical girdles that may reflect vertical compression acting in conjunction with horizontal tension. The sudden appearance of a shear-type fabric at 700-800 m appears closely linked to the occurrence of abundant tephra particles embedded in the ice. The occurrence of dispersed sediment in the bottom 2 m is attributed to freeze-on of basal meltwater. C1 [Gow, Anthony J.; Meese, Debra] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Meese, Debra] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Gow, AJ (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM debra.meese@maine.edu NR 41 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2007 VL 53 IS 183 BP 573 EP 584 DI 10.3189/002214307784409252 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 254ZL UT WOS:000252626400006 ER PT J AU Gow, AJ Meese, DA AF Gow, Anthony J. Meese, Debra A. TI The distribution and timing of tephra deposition at Siple Dome, Antarctica: possible climatic and rheologic implications SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; STATION ICE CORE; BYRD-STATION; WEST ANTARCTICA; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; EAST ANTARCTICA; POLAR ICE; LAYERS; GREENLAND; SHEET AB Approximately 300 volcanic ash and dust layers were observed in the Siple Dome (Antarctica) ice core. Most of this tephra, deposited between 700 and 800 m depth, consisted primarily of glass shards with varying amounts of crystalline material and groundmass fragments. The pattern of distribution of tephra fallout closely replicates that found in the Byrd ice core, indicative of contemporaneous deposition at both locations. Peak fallout occurred approximately 19 500 years ago, based on methane tie points in the Siple Dome and Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice cores. Mount Berlin was identified as a potential source of tephra, although other volcanoes in West and East Antarctica appear to have contributed ash and dust. Ice between 697 and 730 m, in which fine-grained tephra is concentrated, has undergone enhanced thinning compared to ice with a similar concentration of tephra deposited contemporaneously between 1300 and 1540m at Byrd. It is speculated that this thinning has occurred in response to dynamic interaction between ice at Siple Dome and the two ice streams flanking it. A dramatic change to a shear fabric appears to be directly related to the higher concentration of volcanic particles in the ice between 700 and 800 m. C1 [Gow, Anthony J.; Meese, Debra A.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Meese, Debra A.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Gow, AJ (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM debra.meese@maine.edu NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2007 VL 53 IS 183 BP 585 EP 596 DI 10.3189/002214307784409270 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 254ZL UT WOS:000252626400007 ER PT J AU Venkata, PG Aslan, MM Menguc, MP Videen, G AF Venkata, Pradeep Garudadri Aslan, Mustafa M. Menguc, M. Pinar Videen, Gorden TI Surface plasmon scattering by gold nanoparticles and two-dimensional agglomerates SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Mini-Symposium on Nano/Microscale Radiative Transfer and Properties (NanoRad) CY NOV, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE surface plasmon; scattering; scattering matrix; agglomerates; self assembly ID METALLIC NANO-PARTICLES; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; T-MATRIX; WAVE SCATTERING; SPHERES; CLUSTERS; NUMBER AB There has long been. an interest in nanosized metallic particles for numerous novel applications, from the productions of colored glass in medieval times to the molecular-level sensors of today. These particles are known to display considerably different, and size-dependent, optical properties than those of their bulk counterparts. Yet it is very difficult to determine the size and structure of these particles in situ, such as monitoring the actual self-assembly process, because of their small size. In this paper, we present a methodology to predict the patterns of nanosized particles and agglomerates subjected to surface plasmon waves. For this characterization, the scattering patterns of different types of particles and agglomerates on or near the surface are needed. A combination of the T-matrix method, image theory, and a double interaction model are considered. The incident and scattered fields are expanded by employing spherical harmonic functions. The surface effects are incorporated using the Fresnel equations, in the incident-field expansion coefficients, and by including particle-surface interaction fields. The premise of the method is that the T-matrix is independent of incident and scattered fields and hence can be used effectively for cases involving incident surface waves. By obtaining the T-matrix for clusters or agglomerates of metallic particles, the scattering matrix elements (M-11, M-12, M-33, and M-34) of agglomerated structures on the surface are calculated using an additional T-matrix operation. The effect of size, shape, and orientation of gold nanosized particles on their scattering patterns are explored both in the visible spectrum and at resonance wavelengths. The results show that the normalized scattering matrix elements at certain observation angles and incident wavelengths provide significant information to monitor the structural change of gold nanosized particles on a gold substrate. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Mech Engn, Radiat Transfer Lab, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Venkata, PG (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Mech Engn, Radiat Transfer Lab, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM menguc@engr.uky.edu RI Aslan, Mustafa/B-2470-2009; Menguc, Pinar/O-3114-2013 OI Aslan, Mustafa/0000-0003-2157-9704; NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 15 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1115/1.2401199 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 131VG UT WOS:000243898300009 ER PT J AU Li, C Wilkerson, RC AF Li, Cong Wilkerson, Richard C. TI Intragenomic rDNA ITS2 variation in the neotropical Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis complex (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER-2; MALARIA VECTOR; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; NUNEZTOVARI DIPTERA; COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY; SPECIES DIPTERA; DNA; MOSQUITOS AB We cloned and sequenced the rDNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of 4 species belonging to the neotropical Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis complex, that is, A. albitarsis; A. albitarsis B; Anopheles marajoara, a proven malaria vector; and Anopheles deaneorum, a suspected vector. Even though the ITS2 sequences of these species were very similar (<= 1.17% divergence), we found differences suitable for species identification and intragenomic variation of possible consequence in phylogenetic reconstruction. Variation came from 2 microsatellite regions and a number of indels and base substitutions. The existence of partially correlated subsets of clones in A. albitarsis is hypothesized either to be separate rDNA loci or to be semi-independently evolving portions of a single rDNA locus. No differences were found between males and females, suggesting that similar rDNA arrays exist on both the X and Y chromosomes. In addition, highly variant clones, possibly pseudogenes, were found in A. marajoara from Venezuela. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wilkerson, RC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Support Ctr, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM wilkersonr@si.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI R0154139] NR 54 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1093/jhered/esl037 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 127KX UT WOS:000243585900006 PM 17158469 ER PT J AU Damavarapu, R Surapaneni, R Duddu, R Farhor, F Dave, P Parrish, D AF Damavarapu, Reddy Surapaneni, Rao Duddu, Raja Farhor, Farhad Dave, Paritosh Parrish, Damon TI Synthesis of nitropyrazolidines SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 1,3,3-TRINITROAZETIDINE; NITROLYSIS; DIAMIDES AB Synthesis of 1, 2-diacetyl-4, 4-dinitropyrazolidine I and results of further nitration of the 1,2-diacetyl4,4-dinitropyrazolidiiie are described. C1 USA, ARDEC, Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. SAIC, ARDEC, Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Damavarapu, R (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, Bldg 3028 Picatinny, Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM rdamava@pica.army.mil NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI PROVO PA PO BOX 170, PROVO, UT 84603-0170 USA SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 134YH UT WOS:000244120000041 ER PT J AU Holland, PR Feltham, DL Daly, SF AF Holland, Paul R. Feltham, Daniel L. Daly, Steven F. TI On the Nusselt number for frazil ice growth - a correction to "Frazil evolution in channels" by Lars Hammar and Hung-Tao Shen SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE frazil ice; Nusselt number; heat transfer; turbulence; boundary layer ID SUPERCOOLING PROCESS; DYNAMICS; SHELF; SIMULATION; CRYSTALS; MODEL; SEA AB The growth (melt) rate of frazil ice is governed by heat transfer away from (towards) the ice crystal, which can be represented by the Nusselt number. We discuss choices for the Nusselt number and turbulent length scale appropriate for frazil ice and note an inaccuracy in the study "Frazil evolution in channels" by Lars Hammar and Hung-Tao Shen, which has also led to potentially significant errors in several other papers. We correct this error and suggest an appropriate strategy for determining the Nusselt number applicable to frazil ice growth and melting. C1 British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. UCL, Ctr Polar Observ & Modelling, London WC1E 6BT, England. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Holland, PR (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM p.holland@bas.ac.uk RI Holland, Paul/G-2796-2012 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 421 EP 424 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 186UV UT WOS:000247804800012 ER PT J AU Qing, XP Beard, SJ Kumar, A Ooi, TK Chang, FK AF Qing, Xinlin P. Beard, Shawn J. Kumar, Amrita Ooi, Teng K. Chang, Fu-Kuo TI Built-in sensor network for structural health monitoring of composite structure SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE sensor network; composite structure; structural health monitoring; filament winding process; RTM process ID DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM; TRANSDUCER; ACTUATOR AB By implementing a built-in sensor network on a composite structure, crucial information regarding the condition, damage state, and service environment of the structure can be obtained. In this study, methods for integrating piezoelectric sensor networks into a composite structure during different fabrication processes, including the resin transfer molding (RTM) and filament winding processes, are examined. To integrate sensor networks with different contours of structures, the method to fabricate a three-dimensional (3-D) diagnostic layer is developed. It is demonstrated that a large number of sensors supported on a thin flexible dielectric film, called a SMART Layer, offers a simple and efficient way to integrate a large sensor network onto a complex 3-D structure. The sensor network permanently embedded inside the composite structures can be used with either active sensing or passive sensing to monitor the health condition of a structure throughout its lifetime. C1 Acellent Technol Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. US Army Aviat & Missile Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Qing, XP (reprint author), Acellent Technol Inc, 155 C-3 Moffett Pk Dr, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. EM peter@acellent.com NR 23 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 17 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1177/1045389X06064353 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 131OT UT WOS:000243880300005 ER PT J AU Deane, KD Hueber, W Majka, DS Tomooka, BH Gilliland, WR Parrish, LA Parish, MC Norris, JM Robinson, WH Holers, VM AF Deane, K. D. Hueber, W. Majka, D. S. Tomooka, B. H. Gilliland, W. R. Parrish, L. A. Parish, M. C. Norris, J.-M. Robinson, W. H. Holers, V. M. TI Specific cytokine and chemokine increases precede the appearance of anticyclic citrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor in the preclinical period of rheumatoid arthritis development. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Conference of the Western Student Medical Research Forum CY FEB 02, 2007 CL Monterey, CA C1 Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto Vet Adm Hosp, Palo Alto, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 SU S BP S144 EP S144 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 185DU UT WOS:000247692400424 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J Alving, CR Rosivall, L Bunger, R Baranyi, L Bedocs, P Toth, M Barienholz, Y AF Szebeni, Janos Alving, Carl R. Rosivall, Laszlo Bunger, Rolf Baranyi, Lajos Bedocs, Peter Toth, Miklos Barienholz, Yezheckel TI Animal models of complement-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to liposomes and other lipid-based nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nanomedicines; liposomes; adverse drug reactions; complement; animal; models; hypersensitivity ID PULMONARY INTRAVASCULAR MACROPHAGES; ACTIVATION-RELATED PSEUDOALLERGY; ENCAPSULATED HEMOGLOBIN; BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; DOXORUBICIN DOXIL; OVARIAN-CANCER; CREMOPHOR-EL; PHASE-II; TOXICITY AB Intravenous injection of some liposomal drugs, diagnostic agents, micelles and other lipid-based nanoparticles can cause acute hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) in a high percentage (up to 45%) of patients, with hemodynamic, respiratory and cutaneous manifestations. The phenomenon can be explained with activation of the complement (C) system on the surface of lipid particles, leading to anaphylatoxin (C5a and C3a) liberation and subsequent release reactions of mast cells, basophils and possibly other inflammatory cells in blood. These reactions can be reproduced and studied in pigs, dogs and rats, animal models which differ from each other in sensitivity, and spectrum of symptoms. In the most sensitive pig model, a few miligrams of liposome (phospholipid) can cause anaphylactoid shock, characterized by pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypotension, decreased cardiac output and major cardiac arrhythmias. Pigs also display cutaneous symptoms, such as flushing and rash. The sensitivity of dogs to hemodynamic changes is close to that of pigs, but unlike pigs, dogs also react to micellar lipids (such as Cremophor EL) and their response includes pronounced blood cell and vegetative neural changes (e.g., leukopenia followed by leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, fluid excretions). Rats are relatively insensitive inasmuch as hypotension, their most prominent response to liposomes, is induced only by one or two orders of magnitude higher phospholipid doses (based on body weight) compared to the reactogenic dose in pigs and dogs. It is suggested that the porcine and dog models are applicable for measuring and predicting the (pseudo)allergic activity of particulate "nanodrugs ". C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Milit Med, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Milit HIV Res Program, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. Semmelweis Univ, Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Grp Pediat & Nephrol, Budapest, Hungary. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Vaccine & Immunol Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Gottsegen Gyorgy Natl Inst Cardiol, Dept Expt Med, Budapest, Hungary. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Med, Lab Membrane & Liposome Res, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Szebeni, J (reprint author), Semmelweis Univ, Fac Med, Bay Zoltan Inst Nanotechnol, Dept Nanomed, 1085 Budapest,Nagyvarad Ter 4,Fsz 2, Budapest, Hungary. EM jszebeni@gmail.com NR 37 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2104 J9 J LIPOSOME RES JI J. Liposome Res. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1080/01676830701375118 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 186MC UT WOS:000247781800005 PM 17613700 ER PT J AU Coleman, RE Burkett, DA Sherwood, V Caci, J Spradling, S Jennings, BT Rowton, E Gilmore, W Blount, K White, CE Putnam, JL AF Coleman, Russell E. Burkett, Douglas A. Sherwood, Van Caci, Jennifer Spradling, Sharon Jennings, Barton T. Rowton, Edgar Gilmore, Wayne Blount, Keith White, Charles E. Putnam, John L. TI Impact of phlebotomine sand flies on US military operations at Tallil Air Base, Iraq: 2. Temporal and geographic distribution of sand flies SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phlebotomine; Iraq; ecology; sandfly; distribution ID VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; SANDFLIES DIPTERA; SAUDI-ARABIA; HUMAN-BAIT; PSYCHODIDAE; VECTOR AB CDC miniature light traps were used to evaluate the general biology of phlebotomine sand flies from April 2003 to November 2004 at Tallil Air Base, Iraq. Factors evaluated include species diversity and temporal (daily and seasonal) and geographic distribution of the sand flies. In addition, the abundance of sand flies inside and outside tents and buildings was observed. In total, 61,630 sand flies were collected during 1,174 trap nights (mean 52 per trap, range 0-1,161), with 90% of traps containing sand flies. Sand fly numbers were low in April, rose through May, were highest from mid-june to early September, and dropped rapidly in late September and October. More than 70% of the sand flies were female, and of these sand flies, 8% contained visible blood. Phlebotomus alexandri Sinton, Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli, Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot, and Sergentomyia spp. accounted for 30,24, 1, and 45% of the sand flies that were identified, respectively. P. alexandri was more abundant earlier in the season (April and May) than P. papatasi, whereas P. papatasi predominated later in the season (August and September). Studies on the nocturnal activity of sand flies indicated that they were most active early in the evening during the cooler months, whereas they were more active in the middle of the night during the hotter months. Light traps placed inside tents with and without air conditioners collected 83 and 70% fewer sand flies, respectively, than did light traps placed outside the tents. The implications of these findings to Leishmania transmission in the vicinity of Tallil Air Base are discussed. C1 USA, Med Lab 520, Tallil Air Base, Iraq. USA, Med Detachment 407, Tallil Air Base, Iraq. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Coleman, RE (reprint author), USA, Med Lab 520, Tallil Air Base, Iraq. EM russell.coleman@us.army.mil RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485 NR 38 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[29:IOPSFO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 124JZ UT WOS:000243365400005 PM 17294918 ER PT J AU Koenraadt, CJM Aldstadi, J Kijchalao, U Kengluecha, A Jones, JW Scott, TW AF Koenraadt, C. J. M. Aldstadi, J. Kijchalao, U. Kengluecha, A. Jones, J. W. Scott, T. W. TI Spatial and temporal patterns in the recovery of Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae) populations after insecticide treatment SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; vector control; insecticide; pyrethrin; Thailand ID EMERGENCY CONTROL; HUMAN-DISEASE; THERMAL FOG; THAILAND; VECTOR; RESISTANCE; DENGUE; EFFICACY; VIRUSES AB Given that tools for dengue emergency control are limited, continuous evaluation of the effectiveness of insecticide applications in the field is of utmost importance. Such studies will provide a sound basis for defining spraying schemes for public health authorities in dengue-affected countries. In this article, we address the following research questions: How do different space spraying strategies affect Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in both space and time? More specifically, how well are these mosquitoes killed, and bow quickly do their populations recover and from where? Field trials were carried out with ultralow volume sprayers in Kampbaeng Phet province, Thailand, with a pyrethrin mixture that was applied 1) indoors only, 2) indoors plus outdoors, 3) indoors with a doubled spraying time, and 4) indoors with doubled spraying time plus outdoors. We found that within 7 d, Ae. acgypti populations recovered to approximate to 50% of their original numbers. Spraying the outdoor area and doubling the time sprayed per room only bad a significant impact on mosquito numbers I d after spraying. Two and 7 d after spraying, these effects were no longer detected. By investigating the spatial arrangement of Ae. aegypti numbers, we found that during the first 2 d after spraying immigration from untreated areas extended approximate to 15 m into the sprayed area, whereas after 7 d this effect extended up to 50 m. Results are discussed in relation to ongoing dengue control efforts in Thailand. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Koenraadt, CJM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cjk48@cornell.edu RI Aldstadt, Jared/A-8508-2009 OI Aldstadt, Jared/0000-0001-9162-7439 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-034533] NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[65:SATPIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 124JZ UT WOS:000243365400009 PM 17294922 ER PT J AU Vaughan, JA Bell, JA Turell, MJ Chadee, DD AF Vaughan, Jefferson A. Bell, Jeffrey A. Turell, Michael J. Chadee, Dave D. TI Passage of ingested Mansonella ozzardi (Spirurida : Onchocercidae) microfilariae through the midgut of Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mansonella ozzardi; Aedes aegypti; dengue; microfilaria; transmission ID COASTAL NORTH TRINIDAD; EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; WEST-INDIES; INCREASED DISSEMINATION; BRUGIA-MALAYI; MOSQUITOS; TRANSMISSION; DENGUE AB When virus and microfilariae are ingested concurrently by a mosquito, microfilariae (mf) may penetrate the mosquito midgut and introduce virus directly into the mosquito hemocoel, allowing mosquitoes to become infectious much sooner than normal and enhancing transmission of viruses by mosquitoes. Mansonella ozzardi (Manson) is a benign filarial nematode parasite of humans in Latin America and is transmitted by black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Because M. ozzardi and dengue are sympatric, we wanted to know whether M. ozzardi mf had the ability to penetrate the midgut of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) and thus play a potential role in the enhancement of dengue transmission. To test this, the F1 progeny from locally collected Ae. aegypti were fed on M. ozzardi-infected human males in an endemic village in northern Trinidad. Mosquitoes were dissected at various times after feeding and examined for mf in the midguts and thoraces. Microfilariae penetrated the midguts of 43% of 63 mosquitoes that ingested mf. Overall, 11% of mf penetrated the midgut by 17 h after being ingested. The intensity of midgut penetration was positively correlated to the numbers of mf ingested. Because midgut penetration is a key requirement for mf enhancement to occur, the potential exists that M. ozzardi could be involved in the enhancement of dengue virus transmission. C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, St Agustine, Trinid & Tobago. RP Vaughan, JA (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jefferson_vaughan@und.nodak.edu NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[111:POIMOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 124JZ UT WOS:000243365400015 PM 17294928 ER PT J AU Bielakowski, AM AF Bielakowski, Alexander M. TI General Hawkins's war: The future of the horse in the US cavalry SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Article AB During the interwar period, while some officers supported mechanization, others, who could accurately be termed "traditionalists", supported the horse. One of the most prominent of these "traditionalists" was Brigadier General Hamilton S. Hawkins. Hawkins contended that mechanized vehicles would never be capable or numerous enough to completely eliminate the use of horse cavalry. Even as mechanized forces dominated the battlefield during World War II, Hawkins continued to write about the need for horse cavalry. Faced with overwhelming evidence in favor of mechanized vehicles, Hawkins ultimately demonstrated that his advocacy of the horse was a matter of faith and not of empirical evidence. RP Bielakowski, AM (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 127 EP 138 DI 10.1353/jmh.2007.0004 PG 12 WC History SC History GA 120XE UT WOS:000243119300006 ER PT J AU Rafuse, ES AF Rafuse, Ethan S. TI The age of total war, 1860-1945 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Rafuse, ES (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 241 EP 242 DI 10.1353/jmh.2007.0066 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 120XE UT WOS:000243119300040 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, Howard E. TI Positive-operator and projection valued measurements in quantum key distribution SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 02-06, 2007 CL Snowbird, UT ID CRYPTOGRAPHIC ENTANGLING PROBE; DESIGN AB Following a brief review of positive-operator and projection valued measures in quantum mechanics, some applications to quantum key distribution are described. The positive operator valued measure (POVM) can be usefully implemented in a quantum key receiver used in the B92 two-state protocol of quantum key distribution. In this case the measurement is conclusive, at least some of the time. The projection valued (PV) measure is useful in the measurement of a quantum cryptographic entangling probe for tapping quantum key in the BB84 four-state protocol. In the case addressed here, the measurement determines correlations with the measurements made by the legitimate receiver and therewith the maximum information gain by the probe. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM hbrandt@arl.army.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 16-17 BP 2357 EP 2363 DI 10.1080/09500340701639557 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 237GD UT WOS:000251361300006 ER PT J AU Meyers, R Deacon, K Shih, Y AF Meyers, Ron Deacon, Keith Shih, Yanhua TI A new two-photon ghost imaging experiment with distortion study SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 02-06, 2007 CL Snowbird, UT ID LIGHT; ENTANGLEMENT; DIFFRACTION; COHERENT; PHOTONS; BEAMS AB Differing from the early principle demonstrations, this practical ghost imaging experiment reports the first set of two-photon images captured by a photon counting CCD camera by means of jointly counting 'reflected' photons from the object. Interestingly, the CCD camera was not 'looking' at the object at all. Instead, the CCD camera was facing the chaotic light source. The output of the CCD camera was used for coincidence registration of the two-photon joint-detection events with another photon counting detector which simply collects all randomly reflected photons from the surface of the object. It is also interesting to find that the observed two-photon images are 'distortion-free', i.e. any disturbances made along the light path has no effect on the quality of the image. These experimental observations are not only useful for practical field-applications, but also important from a fundamental point of view. It rejects the 'projection shadow' idea in a non-deniable way and further explores the two-photon interference nature of thermal light ghost imaging. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Meyers, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM rmeyers@arl.army.mil NR 30 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 16-17 BP 2381 EP 2392 DI 10.1080/09500340701400117 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 237GD UT WOS:000251361300009 ER PT J AU Bhonsle, JB Bhattacharjee, AK Gupta, RK AF Bhonsle, Jayendra B. Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. Gupta, Raj K. TI Novel semi-automated methodology for developing highly predictive QSAR models: application for development of QSAR models for insect repellent amides SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MODELING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Indo-US Workshop on Mathematical Chemistry CY JAN 08-12, 2005 CL Univ Pune, Pune, INDIA HO Univ Pune DE 3D QSAR; insect repellents; bioactive conformer mining; Cerius2 scripts ID QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY; N,N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE DEET ANALOGS; ATOMIC PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS; STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP; BIOACTIVE CONFORMATIONS; MOSQUITO REPELLENTS; TOPOLOGICAL INDEX; BINDING PROTEINS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; SHAPE AB Conventional 3D-QSAR models are built using global minimum conformations or quantum-mechanics based geometry-optimized conformations as bioactive conformers. QSAR models developed using the global minima as bioactive conformers, employing the GFA, PLS and G/PLS methodologies, gave good non-validated r(2) (0.898, 0.868 and 0.922) and performed well on an internal validation test with leave-one-out correlation q(LOO)(2) (0.902, 0.726 and 0.924), leave-10%-out correlation q(L10O)(2) (0.874, 0.728 and 0.883) and leave-20%-out q(L20O)(2) (0.811, 0.716 and 0.907). However, they showed poor predictive ability on an external data set with best predictive r(2) (Pred-r(2)) of 0.349, 0.139 and 0.204 respectively. A novel methodology to mine bioactive conformers, from clusters of conformations with good 3D-spatial representation around pharmacophoric moiety, furnishes highly predictive 3D-QSAR models. The best QSAR model (model A) showed r(2) of 0.989, q(LOO)(2) of 0.989, q(L10O)(2) of 0.980, q(L20O)(2) of 0.963 and Pred-r(2) on eight test compounds of 0.845. The methodology is based on mimicking the multi-way Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique by performing several automated sequential PLS analyses. The poses/shapes of the mined bioactive conformers provide valuable insight into the mechanism of action of the insect repellents. All of the repetitive tasks were automated using Tcl-based Cerius2 scripts. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Off Director Res Plans & Programs, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bhonsle, JB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jayendra.Bhonsle@na.amedd.army.mil; Apurba.Bhattacharjee@na.amedd.army.mil RI Bhonsle, Jayendra/A-9139-2011 NR 70 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1610-2940 J9 J MOL MODEL JI J. Mol. Model. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 179 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s00894-006-0132-0 PG 30 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 109RQ UT WOS:000242326700020 PM 17048015 ER PT J AU Hamidi, SA Szema, AM Abdel-Razek, T Waschek, JA Said, SI AF Hamidi, Sayyed A. Szema, Anthony M. Abdel-Razek, Tarek Waschek, James A. Said, Sami I. TI VIP is an essential modulator of the pulmonary circulation SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on VIP, PACAP and Related Peptides CY SEP 03-08, 2007 CL Manchester, VT C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY 11784 USA. USA, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Northport, NY 11768 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0895-8696 J9 J MOL NEUROSCI JI J. Mol. Neurosci. PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 324 EP 324 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 224HA UT WOS:000250436900048 ER PT J AU Britt, TW Dickinson, JM Moore, D Castro, CA Adler, AB AF Britt, Thomas W. Dickinson, James M. Moore, DeWayne Castro, Carl A. Adler, Amy B. TI Correlates and consequences of morale versus depression under stressful conditions SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE morale; stress; positive psychology ID POSITIVE ORGANIZATIONAL-BEHAVIOR; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; SOCIAL SUPPORT; JOB STRESS; GULF-WAR; WORK; HEALTH; MODEL; SELF; SATISFACTION AB The role of morale as a positive psychological construct distinct from the construct of depression was examined using data from a longitudinal study of 1,685 U.S. soldiers on a peacekeeping mission to Kosovo. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed morale was best predicted by indices of engagement in meaningful work and confidence in unit functioning and leadership, whereas depression was best predicted by deployment stressors and negative events. Morale assessed during the deployment was related to perceiving benefits from deploying six months later, whereas depression was related to posttraumatic stress disorder and negative perceptions of deploying. The relationship between morale and benefits was a function of engagement in meaningful work. Discussion focuses on the importance of longitudinal research in specifying the antecedents of positive and negative outcomes of a stressful work environment. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Psychol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Britt, TW (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Psychol, 418 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM twbritt@clemson.edu RI Dopko, Rae/J-7437-2015 NR 76 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1076-8998 J9 J OCCUP HEALTH PSYCH JI J. Occup. Health Psychol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 12 IS 1 BP 34 EP 47 DI 10.1037/1076-8998.12.1.34 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Applied SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology GA 126FV UT WOS:000243498700003 PM 17257065 ER PT J AU Boyum, RD Yeung, KJA Kaplan, KJ Lipton, AL Rogers, PL AF Boyum, Rodney D. Yeung, Karla J. Au Kaplan, Keith J. Lipton, Andrew L. Rogers, Philip L. TI Pediatric gastrointestinal sarcoidosis presenting with protein-losing enteropathy SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID METASTATIC CROHNS-DISEASE C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Pediat Pulmonol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston Hosp, Dept Pathol, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Rogers, PL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM philip.l.rogers@us.army.mil NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 152 EP 156 DI 10.1097/01.mpg.0000235976.52249.ec PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 118ZG UT WOS:000242981400030 PM 17204971 ER PT J AU McGuigan, R Spinella, PC Beekley, A Sebesta, J Perkins, J Grathwohl, K Azarow, K AF McGuigan, Rebecca Spinella, Philip C. Beekley, Alec Sebesta, James Perkins, Jeremy Grathwohl, Kurt Azarow, Kenneth TI Pediatric trauma: experience of a combat support hospital in Iraq SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the American-Pediatric-Surgical-Association CY MAY 20-24, 2006 CL Hilton Head, SC SP Amer Pediatr Surg Assoc DE pediatric trauma; pediatric injury; wartime; civilian trauma ID INJURIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BLAST AB Background/Purpose: The mission of the combat support hospital (CSH) is to evaluate and treat combatants injured during war operations. The 31st CSH in Balad and Baghdad, Iraq, during Operation Iraqi Freedom 2 also treated many injured civilian, including children. The purpose of this article is to report the experience of tile 31st CSH treating pediatric trauma patients. Methods: A retrospective review of a comprehensive patient database collected in theater was conducted. Results: From January I to December 3 1, 2004, we treated 99 patients 17 years and younger. The average age of these patients was 10.6 years. Nine died of their wounds. The mean injury severity score was 11.6. Forty-one sustained gunshot Wounds, 13 acquired fragment wounds (55% penetrating), and 22 were injured by improvised explosive devices (22%). Seventy-three patients required a total of 191 operations: 18 celiotomies, 8 craniotomies, 23 skeletal fixations, and 75 wound washout/ debridernents, among others. Predictors of mortality included admission Glasgow Coma Score less than 4 and admission PH less than 7.1. Conclusions: The primary mission of the CSH in theater remains unchanged, but its role is evolving. With this Study, we can begin to understand tile needs of wounded children in urban conflict and help guide training and resource allocation in the future. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Martin Army Community Hosp, Dept Surg, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP McGuigan, R (reprint author), Martin Army Community Hosp, Dept Surg, 7950 Martin Loop, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. NR 13 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.09.020 PG 4 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 129CX UT WOS:000243707100035 PM 17208567 ER PT J AU Shih, TM Rowland, TC McDonough, JH AF Shih, Tsung-Ming Rowland, Tami C. McDonough, John H. TI Anticonvulsants for nerve agent-induced seizures: The influence of the therapeutic dose of atropine SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID SOMAN-INDUCED SEIZURES; PINACOLYL METHYLPHOSPHONOFLUORIDATE; CHOLINESTERASE; EFFICACY; PROTECTION AB Two guinea pig models were used to study the anticonvulsant potency of diazepam, midazolam, and scopolamine against seizures induced by the nerve agents tabun, sarin, soman, cyclosarin, O-ethyl S-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)methylphosphonothioate (VX), and O-isobutyl S-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)methyl phosphonothioate (VR). Animals instrumented for electroencephalogram recording were pretreated with pyridostigmine bromide (0.026 mg/kgi.m.) 30 min before challenge with 2 x LD50 (s.c.) of a nerve agent. In model A, atropine sulfate (2.0 mg/kg i.m.) and pyridine-2-aldoxime methylchloride (2-PAM; 25.0 mg/kg i.m.) were given 1 min after nerve agent challenge, and the tested anticonvulsant was given (i.m.) 5 min after seizure onset. In model B, a lower dose of atropine sulfate (0.1 mg/kg i.m.) was given along with 2-PAM 1 min after nerve agent challenge, and the anticonvulsant was given at seizure onset. With the lower dose of atropine, seizure occurrence increased to virtually 100% for all agents; the time to seizure onset decreased for sarin, cyclosarin, and VX; the signs of nerve agent intoxication were more severe; and coma resulted frequently with cyclosarin. The anticonvulsant ED50 doses for scopolamine or diazepam were, in general, not different between the two models, whereas the anticonvulsant ED50 values of midazolam increased 3- to 17-fold with the lower atropine dose. Seizure termination times were not systematically effected by the different doses of atropine. The order of anticonvulsant effectiveness within each model was scopolamine >= midazolam > diazepam. The findings indicate that the dose of atropine given as antidotal therapy can significantly influence measures of nerve agent toxicity and responsiveness to anticonvulsant therapy. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Shih, TM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Pharmacol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM tsungming.a.shih@us.army.mil NR 21 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 320 IS 1 BP 154 EP 161 DI 10.1124/jpet.106.111252 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 119ER UT WOS:000242995600018 PM 17015638 ER PT J AU Torbert, HA Gebhart, DL Busby, RR Potter, KN Curtin, DR AF Torbert, H. Allen Gebhart, Dick L. Busby, Ryan R. Potter, Kenneth N. Curtin, Deborah R. TI Non-composted municipal solid waste processing byproduct effect on soil reclamation SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE carbon; municipal solid waste; nitrogen; plant nutrients; soil restoration ID ANDROPOGON-GERARDII; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; SWITCHGRASS AB A new garbage processing technology has been developed that sterilizes and separates inorganic and organic components of municipal solid waste. The non-composted byproduct of this process, Fluff (R), has the potential to be utilized as a soil amendment to improve soil conditions in highly degraded soils. A study was initiated to evaluate Fluff as a soil amendment for establishing native grasses on disturbed US Army training lands. The Fluff was incorporated into a sandy loam soil at Fort Benning Military Reservation, GA on two sites: a moderately degraded and a highly degraded soil. The Fluff was incorporated at rates of 0, 18, 36, 72, and 143 Mg ha(-1) to assess the effects on soil properties for two growing seasons. The addition of Fluff improved available plant nutrients and soil pH levels at both sites. Also, Fluff reduced the level of soil bulk density and increased soil concentration of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Because no adverse environmental effects were detected and Fluff improved soil physical and nutrient conditions as well as improving perennial grass establishment with increasing application rates, land application of Fluff to degraded US Army training grounds could be considered a viable and beneficial alternative to current waste management practices. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Urbana, IL USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Torbert, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM atorbert@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4-6 BP 755 EP 772 DI 10.1080/01904160701289891 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 184YC UT WOS:000247677500016 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS AF Zhang, Sheng Shui TI Electrochemical study of the formation of a solid electrolyte interface on graphite in a LiBC(2)O(4)F(2)-based electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE lithium oxalyldifluoroborate; lithium bis(oxalato)borate; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; solid electrolyte interface; graphite ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE; LI-ION BATTERY; LITHIUM BIS(OXALATO)BORATE; KINETIC CHARACTERIZATION; AC-IMPEDANCE; INTERCALATION; ANODES; FILM AB The formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the surface of graphite in a LiBC(2)O(4)F(2)-based electrolyte was studied by galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that a short irreversible plateau at 1.5-1.7 V versus Li(+)/Li was inevitably present in the first cycle of graphite, which is attributed to the reduction of -OCOCOO(-) pieces as a result of the chemical equilibrium of oxalatoborate ring-opening. This is the inherent property of LiBC(2)O(4)F(2) and it is independent of the type of electrode. EIS analyses suggest that the reduced products of LiBC(2)O(4)F(2) at 1.5-1.7 V participate into the formation of a preliminary SEI. Based on the distribution of the initial irreversible capacity and the correlation of the SEI resistance and graphite potential, it was concluded that the SEI formed at potentials below 0.25 V during which the lithiation takes place is most responsible for the long-term operation of the graphite electrode in Li-ion batteries. In addition, the results show that the charge-transfer resistance reflects well the kinetics of the electrode reactions, and that its value is in inverse proportion to the differential capacity of the electrode. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM szhang@arl.army.mil RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 19 TC 93 Z9 107 U1 6 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 163 IS 2 BP 713 EP 718 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.040 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 128IG UT WOS:000243650800013 ER PT J AU Wolfenstine, J Read, J Allen, JL AF Wolfenstine, J. Read, J. Allen, J. L. TI Effect of carbon on the electronic conductivity and discharge capacity LiCoPO4 SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE cathode; Li-ion batteries; carbon; orthophosphates; electronic conductivity ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; LIFEPO4; CATHODE; PERFORMANCE; PHOSPHATES; TRANSITION; IRON AB The effect of added carbon (3, 5 and 10 wt.%) on the electronic conductivity and discharge capacity of LiCoPO4 was investigated. It was found after heat-treatment that the samples consisted of a LiCoPO4 majority phase and Co2P second phase. The added carbon was consumed reducing the LiCoPO4 surface layers to Co2P. The electronic conductivity increased as the amount of the Co2P phase increased. It was observed that the discharge capacity increased with increased Co2P content to similar to 4-5 wt.%, after which the capacity rapidly decreased with increasing Co2P content. The increase in discharge capacity is likely a result of the increase in electronic conductivity. At higher Co2P volume fractions the presence of the electrochemically inert Co2P phase causes decreased capacity by: (1) reducing the amount of LiCoPO4 present and (2) preventing Li+-ions from entering/leaving LiCoPO4, even though the highest values of electronic conductivity were exhibited. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,DE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wolfenstine, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,DE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jwolfenstine@arl.army.mil NR 25 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 8 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 163 IS 2 BP 1070 EP 1073 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.10.010 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 128IG UT WOS:000243650800052 ER PT J AU Clark, ME Bair, MJ Buckenmaier, CC Gironda, RJ Walker, RL AF Clark, Michael E. Bair, Matthew J. Buckenmaier, Chester C., III Gironda, Ronald J. Walker, Robyn L. TI Pain and combat injuries in soldiers returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom: Implications for research and practice SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE acute pain; chronic pain; combat injuries; pain assessment; polytrauma; postacute pain; regional anesthesia; rehabilitation; trauma; traumatic brain injury ID PERIPHERAL-NERVE BLOCK; NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; LOW-BACK-PAIN; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; REGIONAL ANESTHESIA; CASUALTY CARE; RISK-FACTORS; EXPERIENCE; FEAR; ENVIRONMENTS AB Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) have resulted in a growing number of seriously injured soldiers who are evacuated to the United States for comprehensive medical care. Trauma-related pain is an almost universal problem among these war-injured soldiers, and several military and Department of Veterans Affairs initiatives have been implemented to enhance pain care across the continuum of medical services. This article describes several innovative approaches for improving the pain care provided to OEF and OIF military personnel during acute stabilization, transport, medical-surgical treatment, and rehabilitation and presents summary data characterizing the soldiers, pain management services provided, and associated outcomes. We also identify some of the pain assessment, classification, and treatment challenges emerging from work with this population and provide recommendations for future research and practice priorities. C1 James A Haley Vet Hosp, Chron Pain Rehabil Program, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. Richard L Roudebush Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Ctr Excellence Implementing Evidence Based Practi, Indianapolis, IN USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Clark, ME (reprint author), James A Haley Vet Hosp, Chron Pain Rehabil Program, 2CW,13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM michael.clark8@va.gov OI Buckenmaier III, Chester/0000-0003-3623-5525 NR 55 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 12 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 179 EP 193 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2006.05.0057 PG 15 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 176NJ UT WOS:000247091700006 PM 17551872 ER PT J AU Kennedy, JE Jaffee, MS Leskin, GA Stokes, JW Leal, FO Fitzpatrick, PJ AF Kennedy, Jan E. Jaffee, Michael S. Leskin, Gregory A. Stokes, James W. Leal, Felix O. Fitzpatrick, Pamela J. TI Posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder-like symptoms and mild traumatic brain injury SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE biological factors; blast concussion; clinical course; comorbidity; concussion; incidence; mild traumatic brain injury; rehabilitation; posttraumatic stress disorder; traumatic brain injury; treatment ID MOTOR-VEHICLE ACCIDENTS; NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY; EYE-MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; VIETNAM COMBAT VETERANS; FLUID-PERCUSSION INJURY; ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; CLOSED-HEAD INJURY; GULF-WAR VETERANS AB In this article, we review the literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTSD-like symptoms that can occur along with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and concussion, with specific reference to concussive injuries in the military. We address four major areas: (1) clinical aspects of TBI and PTSD, including diagnostic criteria, incidence, predictive factors, and course; (2) biological interface between PTSD and TBI; (3) comorbidity between PTSD and other mental disorders that can occur after mild TBI; and (4) current treatments for PTSD, with specific considerations related to treatment for patients with mild TBI or concussive injuries. C1 [Kennedy, Jan E.; Jaffee, Michael S.; Stokes, James W.; Leal, Felix O.; Fitzpatrick, Pamela J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Leskin, Gregory A.] Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Educ & Clin Lab, Natl Ctr Posttraumat Stress Disorder, Palo Alto, CA USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Behav Med, Psychiat Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Kennedy, JE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, 59MHS SGON,2200 Berguist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM janlizkennedy@yahoo.com NR 173 TC 119 Z9 122 U1 5 U2 23 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 895 EP 919 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2006.12.0166 PG 25 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 253NL UT WOS:000252524800004 PM 18075948 ER PT J AU Girard, P AF Girard, Philip TI Military and VA telemedicine systems for patients with traumatic brain injury SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE brain injury; care coordination; concussion assessment; distance learning; home healthcare; rehabilitation; tele-consultation; telehealth; telemedicine; telerehabilitation ID TELEREHABILITATION; RECOVERY AB Telemedicine plays a critical role within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Veterans Health Administration by allowing the surveillance and care of patients who are isolated by geography, poverty, and disability. In military settings, telemedicine is being widely used to identify injury and illness and aid in the treatment, rehabilitation, and recovery of combat-wounded soldiers in theater. Rapid advances in both domains are transforming the way clinicians provide care, education, and support to patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their families. This article discusses the military and VA telemedicine capabilities that are supporting the care of service members and veterans with TBI. These capabilities include new technologies that enhance the identification of TBI, management of symptoms in theater, and application of proven technologies (interactive video, Internet, and World Wide Web) to improve overall care coordination throughout military and VA systems. The impact of distance learning, tele-consultation, telerehabilitation, and home telehealth programs is also described within this context. C1 [Girard, Philip] Manchester Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Off Telemed, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Manchester, NH 03103 USA. [Girard, Philip] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Girard, P (reprint author), Manchester Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Off Telemed, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, 718 Smyth Rd, Manchester, NH 03103 USA. EM philip.girard@va.gov NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 8 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1017 EP 1026 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2006.12.0174 PG 10 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 253NL UT WOS:000252524800014 PM 18075958 ER PT J AU Simovic, MO Ballard, BR Gray, KD Stain, SC AF Simovic, Misho O. Ballard, Billy R. Gray, Keith D. Stain, Steven C. TI The STAT4 and STAT6 pathways in pancreatitis-associated lung injury SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Academic Surgical Congress of the Association-for-Academic-Surgery CY FEB 07-11, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Assoc Acad Surg DE severe acute pancreatitis; lung injury; STAT4; STAT6; CD4(+) T cells ID DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCER; BALB/C MICE; IFN-GAMMA; TH2 CELLS; KAPPA-B; ACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTION; RECEPTOR; MACROPHAGES AB Background. The STAT pathways are integral to the inflammatory response and these proteins provide a direct link between the cytokine receptors and cytokine-induced gene transcription. We examined the roles of STAT4 and STAT6 in lung injury after caerulein-induced severe acute pancreatitis. We hypothesized that a modified organ expression of cytokines and chemokines that occurs in transgenic mice may affect the systemic response to severe acute pancreatitis. Methods. Acute pancreatitis [13-hourly intraperitoneal injections of caerulein (50 mu g/kg body weight, 0.2 mL) or the same volume of saline] was induced in wild-type (BALB/c) and transgenic (STAT4 or STAT6) mice of the same background, 7 to 8 weeks old. The pancreatic and lung tissues were collected at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after the completion of caerulein administration. Tissue leukocyte sequestration was assessed by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Standard histological staining hematoxylin and eosin was performed and blindly scored by a pathologist for evidence of lung injury (pulmonary edema, accumulations of neutrophils and mononuclear cells, thickness of alveolar-capillary membrane, perivascular infiltrate, and hemorrhage). Results. Caerulein-treated wild-type mice exhibited increased lung injury score at 1 through 12 h, as compared to saline controls. As compared to wild-type, STAT6-deficient mice had increased lung injury from 1 to 6 h, with full recovery by 12 h. An opposite pattern was observed in STAT4-deficient mice with mild injury seen at 1 and 6 h, and maximal injury at 12 h. MPO activity was significantly increased at 6 h in caerulein-treated wild-type mice compared to saline-treated controls. Caerulein-treated STAT6 and STAT4 mice had markedly increased MPO activity as compared with their saline controls during the first 6 h. Both caerulein-treated STAT4- and STAT6-deficient mice had significantly increased MPO activity in comparison with wild-type mice with pancreatitis at 6 h. Conclusion. We found the maximal lung injury after caerulein-induced pancreatitis occurred at different time-points in STAT4 and STAT6-deficient mice. These temporal differences may suggest alternative roles in the systemic inflammatory response associated with pancreatitis. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Meharry Med Coll, Dept Surg, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Meharry Med Coll, Dept Pathol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Albany Med Coll, Dept Surg, Albany, NY 12208 USA. RP Simovic, MO (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, MCR Dept Cellular Injury, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM milomir.simovic@amedd.army.mil NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 137 IS 1 BP 10 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2006.07.032 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 125NS UT WOS:000243449400002 PM 17109890 ER PT J AU Pak, H Triplett, CA Lindquist, JH Grambow, SC Whited, JD AF Pak, Hon Triplett, Crystal A. Lindquist, Jennifer H. Grambow, Steven C. Whited, John D. TI Store-and-forward teledermatology results in similar clinical outcomes to conventional clinic-based care SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY; CONSULTATIONS; RELIABILITY; AGREEMENT; REFERRALS; DIAGNOSIS AB We compared the clinical outcomes after store-and-forward teledermatology with those following conventional clinic-based consultation. Subjects were randomized to either usual care (a conventional clinic-based dermatology appointment) or a store-and-forward teledermatology consultation. All subjects received baseline digital imaging and re-imaging was performed four months later. A total of 776 subjects were approached for inclusion, and a total of 508 image sets were reviewed, 236 in usual care and 272 in teledermatology. The image sets from both study arms were used to make clinical outcome assessments between baseline and four months. A dermatologist who was blinded to the randomization rated the clinical outcomes using a three-point clinical course rating scale (1 =improved, 2 =no change, 3 =worse). In the usual care group, 65% were rated as 'improved', 32% were rated as 'no change' and 3% were rated as 'worse'. For teledermatology, 64% were rated as 'improved', 33% as 'no change' and 4% as 'worse'. The results of the study indicate that store-and-forward teledermatology consultations produce similar clinical outcomes when compared with conventional clinic-based consultations. C1 Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Ctr Hlth Serv Res Primary Care, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Pak, H (reprint author), Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Bldg 1054, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM pak@tatrc.org RI Grambow, Steven/E-1422-2015 OI Grambow, Steven/0000-0001-6037-3253 NR 18 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 26 EP 30 DI 10.1258/135763307779701185 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 135WC UT WOS:000244183600006 PM 17288655 ER PT J AU Mines, MJ Bower, KS Nelson, B Ward, TP Belyea, DA Kramer, K Thach, AB AF Mines, Michael J. Bower, Kraig S. Nelson, Brett Ward, Thomas P. Belyea, David A. Kramer, Kenyon Thach, Allen B. TI Feasibility of telerobotic microsurgical repair of corneal lacerations in an animal eye model SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 04-09, 2003 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol ID CORONARY-ARTERY-BYPASS; TELEPRESENCE SURGERY; SYSTEM AB We evaluated the feasibility of telerobotic microsurgical repair of corneal lacerations. The telerobotic microsurgical device consisted of a Robotic Slave Micromanipulator Unit (RSMU) coupled to a Telepresence Surgical System (TeSS). Five mm central full-thickness corneal wounds were fashioned in five enucleated rabbit eyes and repaired remotely using the telerobotic system. Five additional eyes were also repaired by hand using a standard technique. The primary outcome measure was creation of a watertight seal. All eyes in both groups maintained an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 25 mm Hg without leak. The mean repair time was 80 min (range 50-130) with telerobotic surgery compared to 8 min (range 7-9) by hand. Histological evaluation showed that suture placement was similar in robotically assisted repair and manual repair. Subjectively, the telerobotic system provided adequate three-dimensional visualization of the surgical field. The study showed that a surgeon could close standardized corneal wounds using the telerobotic system. The potential benefits of remote eye surgery include improved access, surgical teleconsultation and telementoring. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Washington, DC USA. Retinal Consultants Nevada, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Mines, MJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Rm 1F-18,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Michael.mines@na.amedd.army.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1258/135763307780096177 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 149BS UT WOS:000245122200009 PM 17359574 ER PT J AU Henning, JS Dusza, SW Wang, SQ Marghoob, AA Rabinovitz, HS Polsky, D Kopf, AW AF Henning, J. Scott Dusza, Stephen W. Wang, Steven Q. Marghoob, Ashfaq A. Rabinovitz, Harold S. Polsky, David Kopf, Alfred W. TI The CASH (color, architecture, symmetry, and homogeneity) algorithm for dermoscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Congress of the International-Dermoscopy-Society CY APR 27-29, 2006 CL Naples, ITALY SP Int Dermoscopy Soc ID PIGMENTED SKIN-LESIONS; ABCD RULE; EPILUMINESCENCE MICROSCOPY; PATTERN-ANALYSIS; DERMATOSCOPY; MELANOMA; RECOGNITION; SENESCENCE; DIAGNOSIS; NEVI AB Background: The color, architecture, symmetry, and homogeneity (CASH) algorithm for dermoscopy includes a feature not used in prior algorithms, namely, architecture. Architectural order/disorder is derived from current concepts regarding the biology of benign versus malignant melanocytic neoplasms. Objective: We sought to evaluate the accuracy of the CASH algorithm Methods: A total CASH score (TCS) was calculated for dermoscopic images of 325 melanocytic neoplasms, Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed by comparing the TCS With the histopathologic diagnoses for all lesions. Results: The mean TCS was 12.28 for melanoma, 7.62 for dysplastic nevi, and 5.24 for nondysplastic nevi. These differences were, statistically significant (P <.001). A TCS of 8 or more yielded a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 68% for the diagnosis of melanoma. Limitations: This is a single-evaluator pilot study. Additional studies are needed to verify the CASH algorithm, Conclusions: The CASH algorithm can distinguish melanoma from melanocytic nevi with sensitivity and specificity comparable with other algorithms. Further study is warranted determine its intraobserver and interobserver correlations. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Ronald O Perelman Dept Dermatol, New York, NY 10016 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY USA. USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Skin & Canc Associates, Plantation, FL USA. RP Kopf, AW (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Ronald O Perelman Dept Dermatol, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM akopf@compusrve.com NR 14 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 56 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.09.003 PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 124AL UT WOS:000243339100005 PM 17190620 ER PT J AU Cummins, DL Mimouni, D Tzu, J Owens, N Anhalt, GJ Meyerle, JH AF Cummins, Deborah L. Mimouni, Daniel Tzu, Julia Owens, Nicole Anhalt, Grant J. Meyerle, Jon H. TI Lichenoid paraneoplastic pemphigus in the absence of detectable antibodies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS; LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; RITUXIMAB; DISEASE; VULGARIS; AUTOANTIBODIES; REMISSION; EFFICACY; THERAPY; SAFETY AB Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) has been described as an antibody-mediated mucocutaneous disease occurring almost exclusively in patients with lymphocytic neoplasms. We describe 4 patients with the clinical features of the lichenoid variant of PNP in the absence of detectable autoantibodies. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that the spectrum of PNP likely includes patients with disease predominantly or exclusively mediated by cytotoxic T cells rather than autoantibodies. The pathophysiology and range of PNP disease are likely more complex than was initially believed. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Rabin Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Petah Tiqwa, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, Dept Dermatol, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Meyerle, JH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Dermatol, 550 N Broadway St,Suite 1002, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM jon.meyerle@jhmi.edu NR 20 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 56 IS 1 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.06.007 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 124AL UT WOS:000243339100021 PM 17097371 ER PT J AU Hodges, DH Saberi, H Ormiston, RA AF Hodges, Dewey H. Saberi, Hossein Ormiston, Robert A. TI Development of nonlinear beam elements for rotorcraft comprehensive analyses SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY JUN 01-03, 2005 CL Grapevine, TX SP Amer Helicopter Soc ID CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS; COMPOSITE BEAMS; BLADES; FORMULATION; ROTATION; MODEL AB Comprehensive rotorcraft codes have the capability to address a wide variety of rotorcraft analysis and design problems, including performance, aeroelastic stability, vibration, blade loads, hub loads, and flight dynamics. Rotor blade structural modeling has been a central focus of research and development efforts, and modern comprehensive codes now employ the finite element method to realistically model nonuniform, composite rotor blades and other structural elements. The complexity and sophistication of modern rotor blades requires special attention to the way the composite rotor blades are represented to maximize accuracy and minimize computational cost. In this paper, a new nonlinear beam finite element formulation is presented. The formulation is based on a rigorous, asymptotic approximation of three-dimensional, geometrically nonlinear, anisotropic elasticity. Results from several test cases are presented to compare with formulations used in other analyses, and to demonstrate some of the new element capabilities. In general, the effect of shear flexibility on rotor blade frequencies was found to be small for the lower bending modes, but caused moderate decreases in frequency for the higher bending modes. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Adv Rotorcraft Technol Inc, Mountain View, CA USA. USA, AMRDEC, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Hodges, DH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM dhodges@gatech.edu NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 36 EP 48 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 132QK UT WOS:000243957100004 ER PT J AU Moss, PL Zheng, JP Au, G Cygan, PJ Plichta, EJ AF Moss, P. L. Zheng, J. P. Au, G. Cygan, P. J. Plichta, E. J. TI Transmission line model for describing power performance of electrochemical capacitors SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS; ENERGY-STORAGE DEVICES; RESISTANCE DISTRIBUTION; ACTIVATED CARBONS; DENSITY; SUPERCAPACITORS; ELECTRODES; LIMITATIONS AB A simple equivalent circuit model for electrochemical (EC) capacitors can be established based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The circuit consists of an ohmic resistor and a finite-length Warburg element in series. The EC capacitor's performance including the transient/pulse response and energy density as a function of power density (Ragone plot) can be stimulated by the equivalent circuit model with three useful parameters including an ohmic resistance, total ionic resistance, and total capacitance of the electrodes. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. USA, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Moss, PL (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM zheng@eng.fsu.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 11 BP A1020 EP A1025 DI 10.1149/1.2778126 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 215DG UT WOS:000249787900007 ER PT J AU Xu, K AF Xu, Kang TI "Charge-transfer" process at graphite/electrolyte interface and the solvation sheath structure of Li+ in nonaqueous electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE; IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROSCOPY; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; CARBON ANODES; MECHANISMS; REDUCTION; GRAPHITE; CELLS; EC AB The temperature- and electrolyte-dependences of the so-called charge-transfer process at graphite/electrolyte interface were investigated with impedance analyses at lithiation potential (0.15 V vs Li), and characteristic correlations between the activation energies of the process and the electrolyte compositions (such as solvent ratio and salt concentration) were established. It was found that the solvation sheath structure of Li+ is dependent on the ratios of cyclic (such as EC) to linear carbonates (such as DMC), which in turn results in different chemistries of graphite/ electrolyte interfaces and dictates the Li+-transport across such interfaces. The interdependences thus revealed could serve as useful guidelines to tailoring electrolytes of Li-ion batteries for sub-zero temperature applications. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 NR 20 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 53 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 3 BP A162 EP A167 DI 10.1146/1.2409866 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 132XZ UT WOS:000243977500003 ER PT J AU Jiang, RZ Rong, C Chu, D AF Jiang, Rongzhong Rong, Charles Chu, Deryn TI Fuel crossover and energy conversion in lifetime operation of direct methanol fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER-ELECTROLYTE; OXYGEN REDUCTION; PLATINUM; OXIDATION; PERFORMANCE; CATALYSTS; MEMBRANE; KINETICS; ELECTROOXIDATION; ANODE AB A method of simultaneous measurement of multiple electrochemical parameters was employed to examine the lifetime operation of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), which includes not only time duration, operational voltage and current, but also the fuel crossover, energy density, cumulative capacity, and cumulative energy. The lifetime performance of two types of DMFCs under different operating conditions was quantitatively compared based on their maximum capability to generate electric energy. A phenomenon of delamination between the anode electrode and electrolyte membrane was observed during lifetime operation. The long-term effects of heat, methanol solution, and CO2 gas may gradually reduce the binding force between the anode electrode and the electrolyte membrane until its physical separation, which results in gradual increase of the resistance of the interface and causes discharge performance degradation. Such performance degradation from the anode side is apparently different from that of ruthenium crossover, which was previously reported, that inhibits the catalytic reduction of oxygen by the presence of ruthenium on the cathode catalyst. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jiang, RZ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM rjiang@arl.army.mil NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 1 BP B13 EP B19 DI 10.1149/1.2365851 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 112PK UT WOS:000242538600012 ER PT J AU Lawson, R Wang, CS Hong, J Ma, JX Fang, B Chu, D AF Lawson, Richard Wang, Chunsheng Hong, Jian Ma, Jianxin Fang, Bin Chu, Deryn TI Nafion-bimevox composite membrane for fuel cell applications SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METHANOL CROSSOVER; CONDUCTING MEMBRANE; ITSOFC APPLICATIONS; OXIDATION; PROPENE; CERIA AB To suppress methanol crossover in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), a Nafion-Bi2V0.75Sb0.25O5.4 composite membrane was prepared by recast method. Oxygen-ion conductive Bi2V0.75Sb0.25O5.4 powders were highly dispersed in a Nafion 117 membrane to physically block methanol crossover and/or chemically oxidize the methanol, which was confirmed by the difference in the methanol diffusion coefficient between recast Nafion and Nafion-Bi2V0.75Sb0.25O5.4 composite membranes. Interestingly, mixing 20 wt % Bi2V0.75Sb0.25O5.4 into Nafion 117 membrane largely suppressed the methanol crossover, but only slightly decreased the proton conductivity of the membrane, resulting in a large improvement in the DMFC performance. The stabilities of Bi2V0.75Sb0.25O5.4 in 5% Nafion solution, water, and 1 M H2SO4 were measured using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, and the electrochemical stability of Bi2V0.75Sb0.25O5.4 in 1 M H2SO4 solution was obtained using cyclic voltammetry. The oxygen-ion conductivities of Bi2V0.75Sb0.25O5.4 at temperature ranges from 80 to 400 degrees C were also measured. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lawson, R (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM cswang@tntech.edu RI Hong, Jian/A-3118-2011; Hong, Jian/E-6727-2010; Wang, Chunsheng/H-5767-2011 OI Wang, Chunsheng/0000-0002-8626-6381 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 1 BP B48 EP B52 DI 10.1149/1.2372699 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 112PK UT WOS:000242538600017 ER PT J AU Jang, S Ren, F Emanetoglu, N Shen, H Chang, W Pearton, SJ AF Jang, Soohwan Ren, F. Emanetoglu, N. Shen, H. Chang, W. Pearton, S. J. TI Design of transparent indium tin oxide-based interdigitated fingers for metal semiconductor metal photodetector SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; OPTIMIZATION; DEPOSITION; COATINGS AB We report on the optimum geometric design of In0.53Ga0.47As metal-semiconductor-metal ( MSM ) photodetectors for maximizing external quantum efficiency with transparent indium tin oxide (ITO)-based interdigitated fingers. Both ITO finger and conventional metal finger MSM photodetectors were fabricated to verify the simulated external quantum efficiency and good agreement between experimental and simulated results was obtained. In all cases, the ITO provided higher efficiencies, particularly at short finger gap spacings. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ren@che.ufl.edu RI Emanetoglu, Nuri/D-5006-2013 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 9 BP H830 EP H832 DI 10.1149/1.2756995 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 203OT UT WOS:000248984600065 ER PT J AU Jang, S Kang, BS Ren, F Emanetoglu, NW Shen, H Chang, WH Gila, BP Hlad, M Pearton, SJ AF Jang, Soohwan Kang, B. S. Ren, F. Emanetoglu, N. W. Shen, H. Chang, W. H. Gila, B. P. Hlad, M. Pearton, S. J. TI Comparison of e-beam and sputter-deposited ITO films for 1.55 mu m metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector applications SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE SCHOTTKY CONTACTS; TRANSPARENT CONDUCTORS; THIN-FILMS; COATINGS AB The optical and electrical properties and surface morphology of sputtered, E-beam deposited, and composite E-beam/sputtered indium-tin-oxide (ITO) films for metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector applications were compared. The resistivity of sputtered ITO was almost 2 orders of magnitude less than that of E-beam-deposited ITO, while the resistivity of the composite films was only 15% higher than that of sputtered films. The transmittance at 1.55 mu m of sputtered and composite ITO films was 83 and 77%, respectively, which was much higher than the value of 13% for the E-beam-deposited ITO. The composition of ITO films for both deposition techniques was very similar, as determined from Auger electron spectroscopy surface scans and depth profiles. The sputtered films showed much smoother surfaces and smaller grain size. InGaAs-based MSM devices with ITO fingers have been fabricated and showed higher photo response than that of MSM devices with conventional Ti/Au fingers. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ren@che.ufl.edu RI Emanetoglu, Nuri/D-5006-2013 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 5 BP H336 EP H339 DI 10.1149/1.2667428 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 152OQ UT WOS:000245371700040 ER PT J AU Xu, K AF Xu, Kang TI "Charge-Transfer" process at graphite/electrolyte interface and the solvation sheath structure of Li+ in nonaqueous electrolytes (vol 154, pg A162, 2007) SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Correction C1 USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Elect Dev Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Elect Dev Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 4 BP S9 EP S9 DI 10.1149/1.2536554 PG 1 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 144JL UT WOS:000244792200083 ER PT J AU Opsenica, I Opsenica, D Jadranin, M Smith, KS Milhous, WK Stratakis, M Solaja, B AF Opsenica, Igor Opsenica, Dejan Jadranin, Milka Smith, Kirsten S. Milhous, Wilbur K. Stratakis, Manolis Solaja, Bogdan TI On peroxide antimalarials SO JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE mixed tetraoxanes; endoperoxides; malaria; P. falciparum ID ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY; ACID-DERIVATIVES; 1,2,4,5-TETRAOXANES; ARTEMISININ; DISPIRO-1,2,4,5-TETRAOXANES; ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL; DIHYDROPEROXIDES; ENDOPEROXIDES; TETRAOXANES AB Several dicyclohexylidene tetraoxanes were prepared in order to gain a further insight into structure-activity relationship of this kind of antimalarials. The tetraoxanes 2-5, obtained as a cis/trans mixture, showed pronounced antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine susceptible D6, chloroquine resistant W2 and multidrug-resistant TM91C235 (Thailand) strains. They have better than or similar activity to the corresponding desmethyl dicyclohexylidene derivatives. Two chimeric endoperoxides with superior antimalarial activity to the natural product ascaridole were also synthesized. C1 [Solaja, Bogdan] Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Opsenica, Igor; Opsenica, Dejan; Jadranin, Milka] Inst Chem Technol & Met, YU-11000 Belgrade, Serbia. [Smith, Kirsten S.; Milhous, Wilbur K.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Stratakis, Manolis] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Iraklion 71003, Greece. RP Solaja, B (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, POB 158, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. EM bsolaja@chem.bg.ac.yu RI Opsenica, Igor/P-5308-2016; OI Opsenica, Igor/0000-0003-4942-4042; Solaja, Bogdan/0000-0002-9975-2725 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOC PI BELGRADE PA KARNEGIJEVA 4, PO BOX 462, YU-11001 BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA SN 0352-5139 J9 J SERB CHEM SOC JI J. Serb. Chem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1181 EP 1190 DI 10.2298/JSC0712181O PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 251YN UT WOS:000252412100003 ER PT J AU Hong, HP Wensel, J Liang, F Billups, WE Roy, W AF Hong, Haiping Wensel, Jesse Liang, Feng Billups, W. Edward Roy, Walter TI Heat transfer nanofluids based on carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME 9th Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference CY JUN 05-08, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP AIAA, ASME ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITIES; SUSPENSIONS C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Met & Mat, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hong, HP (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Met & Mat, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM Haiping.Hong@sdsmt.edu; jesse.j.wensel@hotmail.com; Liangf@rice.edu; billups@rice.edu; walter.roy1@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 234 EP 236 DI 10.2514/1.25659 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 130OJ UT WOS:000243808600028 ER PT J AU Quinn, MJ McKernan, M Lavoie, ET Ottinger, MA AF Quinn, Michael James, Jr. McKernan, Moira Lavoie, Emma T. Ottinger, Mary Ann TI Immunotoxicity of trenbolone acetate in Japanese quail SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID TESTOSTERONE-PROPIONATE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; TREATMENT-PLANT; FABRICIUS; BURSA; CHICKENS; GROWTH; MIBOLERONE; RECEPTOR; HORMONES AB Trenbolone acetate is a synthetic androgen that is currently used as a growth promoter in many meat-exporting countries. Despite industry laboratories classifying trenbolone as nonteratogenic, data showed that embryonic exposure to this androgenic chemical altered development of the immune system in Japanese quail. Trenbolone is lipophilic, persistent, and released into the environment in manure used as soil fertilizer. This is the first study to date to assess this chemical's immunotoxic effects in an avian species. A one-time injection of trenbolone into yolks was administered to mimic maternal deposition, and subsequent effects on the development and function of the immune system were determined in chicks and adults. Development of the bursa of Fabricius, an organ responsible for development of the humoral arm of the immune system, was disrupted, as indicated by lower masse, and smaller and fewer follicles at day 1 of hatch. Morphological differences in the bursas persisted in adults, although no differences in either two measures of immune function were observed. Total numbers of circulating leukocytes were reduced and heterophil-lymphocyte ratios were elevated in chicks but not adults. This study shows that trenbolone acetate is teratogenic and immunotoxic in Japanese quail, and provides evidence that the quail immune system may be fairly resilient to embryonic endocrine-disrupting chemical-induced alterations following no further exposure posthatch. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Quinn, MJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Edgewood Area,Bldg E-1200, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM michael.james.quinn@us.army.mil NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1080/15287390600755026 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 124TG UT WOS:000243392200009 PM 17162502 ER PT J AU Paulus, BF Bazar, MA Salice, CJ Mattie, DR Major, MA AF Paulus, Brian F. Bazar, Matthew A. Salice, Christopher J. Mattie, David R. Major, Michael A. TI Perchlorate inhibition of iodide uptake in normal and iodine-deficient rats SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID THYROID-FUNCTION; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; WORKERS; HEALTH AB Perchlorate-induced inhibition of thyroidal iodide uptake was measured in normal and iodine-deficient female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats that were made iodine-deficient by long-term restriction of iodine in the diet absorbed a gavage dose of I-131 to the thyroid in proportionally greater amounts than rats fed a normal diet. Furthermore, the iodine-deficient rats maintained their high rates of absorption even when challenged by levels of perchlorate in their drinking water sufficient to produce pronounced inhibition of I-131 uptake in rats fed a normal diet. Every dose of perchlorate used in this study (1.1, 5.6, and 28 mg/L) produced significant inhibition of iodide uptake in normally fed rats, but only the highest level of perchlorate (28 mg/L) significantly inhibited thyroidal uptake of I-131 in the iodine-deficient rats. Taken together, these results demonstrate that iodide-deficient animals exhibit increased resistance to the inhibition of iodine absorption resulting from perchlorate exposure. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Toxicol, Hlth Effects Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USAF, Res Lab, HEPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Major, MA (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Toxicol, Hlth Effects Res, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Mick.Major@us.army.mil NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 13-14 BP 1142 EP 1149 DI 10.1080/15287390701252741 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 182TU UT WOS:000247527700007 PM 17558809 ER PT J AU Major, MA Reddy, G Berge, MA Patzer, SS Li, AC Gohdes, M AF Major, Michael A. Reddy, Gunda Berge, Milan A. Patzer, Shari S. Li, Austin C. Gohdes, Mark TI Metabolite profiling of [C-14]hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in Yucatan miniature pigs SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 05-09, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Toxicol ID SP STRAIN DN22; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE RDX; ANAEROBIC SLUDGE; BIODEGRADATION; CYCLOTRIMETHYLENETRINITRAMINE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; MECHANISM; RAT AB The study reported herein examined the metabolism of C-14-labeled hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) resulting from a single oral gavage of 5 ml/kg to male and female Yucatan miniature pigs (43 mg/kg, 56 mu Ci/kg in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose in water). Blood, urine, and feces were collected at selected times of 1, 6, 12, and 24 h postdose. At 24 h postdose, liver samples were collected. Blood, plasma, liver, and excreta were analyzed for total RDX-derived radioactivity and metabolites were identified. Urine was the major route of elimination of C-14- RDX-derived radioactivity in both males and females. Relatively low levels of radioactivity were found in gastrointestinal contents and in feces, suggesting nearly complete absorption of C-14-RDX following an oral dose. Analysis (of urine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) identified quantifiable levels of two ring-cleavage metabolites, 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal and 4-nitro-2,4-diaza-butanamide, as well as parent RDX. The 4nitro-2,4-diazabutanal, was seen in earlier studies of aerobic metabolism of RDX. The 4-nitro-2,4-diaza-butanamide, an amide, was not previously reported but was tentatively identified in this study. Analysis by a more sensitive method (LC/MS/MS) also showed trace amounts of the RDX metabolites 1-nitroso-3, 5dinitro- 1, 3, 5-triazacyclohexane (MNX) (in both male and female urine) and 1-nitro-3, 5-dinitroso..1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (DNX) (in male urine). Analysis of plasma by LC/MS/MS also revealed quantifiable levels of RDX and trace levels of MNX, DNX, and 1,3,5,-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (TNX). None of the liver extracts showed quantifiable levels of RDX or any identifiable metabolites. Most of the radioactivity was in the form of watersoluble high-molecular-weight compounds. RDX when given orally to pigs was rapidly metabolized by loss of two nitro groups followed by ring cleavage. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Toxicol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Covance Labs Inc, Madison, WI USA. RP Major, MA (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Toxicol, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM michael.major@us.army.mil NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 13-14 BP 1191 EP 1202 DI 10.1080/15287390701252717 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 182TU UT WOS:000247527700012 PM 17573633 ER PT J AU Karmy-Jones, R Jurkovich, GJ Velmahos, GC Burdick, T Spaniolas, K Todd, SR McNally, M Jacoby, RC Link, D Janczyk, RJ Ivascu, FA McCann, M Obeid, F Hoff, WS McQuay, N Tieu, BH Schreiber, MA Nirula, R Brasel, K Dunn, JA Gambrell, D Huckfeldt, R Harper, J Schaffer, KB Tominaga, GT Vinces, FY Sperling, D Hoyt, D Coimbra, R Rosengart, MR Forsythe, R Cothren, C Moore, EE Haut, ER Hayanga, AJ Hird, L White, C Grossman, J Nagy, K Livaudais, W Wood, R Zengerink, I Kortbeek, JB AF Karmy-Jones, Riyad Jurkovich, Gregory J. Velmahos, George C. Burdick, Thomas Spaniolas, Konstantinos Todd, Samuel R. McNally, Michael Jacoby, Robert C. Link, Daniel Janczyk, Randy J. Ivascu, Felicia A. McCann, Michael Obeid, Farouck Hoff, William S. McQuay, Nathaniel, Jr. Tieu, Brandon H. Schreiber, Martin A. Nirula, Ram Brasel, Karen Dunn, Julie A. Gambrell, Debbie Huckfeldt, Roger Harper, Jayna Schaffer, Kathryn B. Tominaga, Gail T. Vinces, Fausto Y. Sperling, David Hoyt, David Coimbra, Raul Rosengart, Mathew R. Forsythe, Raquel Cothren, Clay Moore, Ernest E. Haut, Elliott R. Hayanga, Awori J. Hird, Linda White, Christopher Grossman, Jodi Nagy, Kimberly Livaudais, West Wood, Rhonda Zengerink, Imme Kortbeek, John B. TI Practice patterns and outcomes of retrievable vena cava filters in trauma patients: An AAST multicenter study SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 28-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; PRACTICE MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES; SURGICAL INFERIOR PATIENTS; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; HIGH-RISK; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; ACUTE COMPLICATIONS; TEMPORARY; PROPHYLAXIS AB Background: The purpose of this study is to describe practice patterns and outcomes of posttraumatic retrievable inferior vena caval filters (R-IVCF). Methods: A retrospective review of R-IVCFs placed during 2004 at 21 participating centers with follow up to July 1, 2005 was performed. Primary outcomes included major complications (migration, pulmonary embolism [PE], and symptomatic caval occlusion) and reasons for failure to retrieve. Results: Of 446 patients (69% male, 92% blunt trauma) receiving R-IVCFs, 76% for prophylactic indications and 79% were placed by interventional radiology. Excluding 33 deaths, 152 were Gunter-Tulip (G-T), 224 Recovery (R), and 37 Optease (Opt). Placement occurred 6 8 days after admission and retrieval at 50 61 days. Follow up after discharge (5.7 +/- 4.3 months) was reported in 51%. Only 22% of R-IVCFs were retrieved. Of 115 patients in whom retrieval was attempted, retrieval failed as a result of technical issues in 15 patients (10% of G-T, 14% of R, 27% of Opt) and because of significant residual thrombus within the filter in 10 patients (6% of G-T, 4% of R, 46% Opt). The primary reason R-IVCFs were not removed was because of loss to follow up (31%), which was sixfold higher (6% to 44%, p = 0.001) when the service placing the R-IVCF was not directly responsible for follow up. Complications did not correlate with mechanism, injury severity, service placing the R-IVCF, trauma volume, use of anticoagulation, age, or sex. Three cases of migration were recorded (all among R, 1.3%), two breakthrough PE (G-T 0.6% and R 0.4%) and six symptomatic caval occlusions (G-T 0, R 1%, Opt 11%) (p < 0.05 Opt versus both G-T and R). Conclusion: Most R-IVCFs are not retrieved. The service placing the R-IVCF should be responsible for follow up. The Optease was associated with the greatest incidence of residual thrombus and symptomatic caval occlusion. The practice patterns of R-IVCF placement and retrieval should be re-examined. C1 Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Texas, Houston, TX USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. William Beaumont Hosp, Royal Oak, MI 48072 USA. Hurley Med Ctr, Flint, MI USA. St Lukes Hosp, Bethlehem, PA USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. James H Quillen Coll Med, Johnson City, TN USA. St Johns Reg Hlth Ctr, Springfield, MO USA. Scripps Mem Hosp, La Jolla, CA USA. St Barnabas Hosp, Bronx, NY USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Denver Hlth Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Rush Univ, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Stroger Hosp Cook Cty, Chicago, IL USA. Salem Hosp, Salem, OR USA. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Karmy-Jones, R (reprint author), SW Washington Med Ctr, Phys Pavil,Suite 300,200 Mother Joseph Pl, Vancouver, WA 98866 USA. EM rkarmyjo@swmedicalcenter.com OI Haut, Elliott/0000-0001-7075-771X NR 43 TC 150 Z9 156 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31802dd72a PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 126CP UT WOS:000243490100002 PM 17215729 ER PT J AU Kheirabadi, BS Acheson, EM Deguzman, R Crissey, JM Delgado, AV Estep, SJ Holcomb, JB AF Kheirabadi, Bijan S. Acheson, Eric M. Deguzman, Rodolfo Crissey, Jacqueline M. Delgado, Angel V. Estep, Scot J. Holcomb, John B. TI The potential utility of fibrin sealant dressing in repair of vascular injury in swine SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 22-24, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma DE hemostasis; hemorrhage control; fibrin sealant; dressing; sutureless; vascular repair; pseudoaneurysm; animals; swine ID AORTIC HEMORRHAGE MODEL; V LIVER-INJURIES; BLOOD-LOSS; HEMOSTATIC EFFICACY; ADHESIVE BANDAGE; CROSS-LINKING; AGENTS; ANASTOMOSES; OPERATIONS; APROTININ AB Background: A previous study in which fibrin sealant dressing (FSD) secured hemostasis in major arterial hemorrhage for 96 hours suggested the applicability of this dressing in damage control operations after severe trauma. The objective of this study was to determine the effective duration of FSD hemostatic function in vivo and to examine its potential utility for definitive repair of a major arterial injury in swine. Methods: High pressure bleeding in an infrarenal aortotomy was controlled by placing FSD on the wound with 4-minute compression (n = 15). If hemostasis was achieved, the abdominal cavity was closed. Surviving animals were killed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks and aortotomy sites collected for histology. Results: FSD stopped arterial hemorrhage after 4-minute compression in 14 of 15 (93%) pigs. Dressings failed in two pigs at 36 and 53 minutes after treatment. Twelve (80%) animals recovered and resumed normal activities. Of the remaining 12, two developed rebleeding at the aortotomy site on days 8 and 11 and were killed; another was killed because of idiopathic low hematocrit on day 10. Nine pigs survived until scheduled to be killed, maintaining hemostasis with stable hematological values. In the surviving animals, serial computed tomography scans showed formation of a pseudoaneurysm at the aortotomy site, which resolved after 2 to 3 weeks. The initial vascular defect and pseudoaneurysm were filled with fibroblast-myoblast collagen rich tissues covered by endothelium. Conclusion: FSD can seal an arterial injury, stop high pressure bleeding, and prevent rebleeding for at least 7 days. The dressing may be most beneficial in damage control operations. If combined with an elective interventional radiologic procedure (e.g. embolization or stenting), it may also offer an alternative to suture repair of vascular injuries in cases where profuse bleeding obstructs visualization. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Kheirabadi, BS (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM bijan.kheirabadi@cen.amedd.army.mil NR 35 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 1 BP 94 EP 103 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000251595.45451.d0 PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 126CP UT WOS:000243490100020 PM 17215739 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, EA Moore, FA Holcomb, JB Miller, CC Kozar, RA Todd, SR Cocanour, CS Balldin, BC McKinley, BA AF Gonzalez, Ernest A. Moore, Frederick A. Holcomb, John B. Miller, Charles C. Kozar, Rosemary A. Todd, S. Rob Cocanour, Christine S. Balldin, Bjorn C. McKinley, Bruce A. TI Fresh frozen plasma should be given earlier to patients requiring massive transfusion SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Western-Trauma-Association CY FEB 26-MAR 03, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT SP Western Trauma Assoc ID MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; DILUTIONAL COAGULOPATHY; SHOCK RESUSCITATION; TRAUMA AB Background: Acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy were identified more than 20 years ago as a deadly triad for patients presenting with exsanguinating hemorrhage. This led to fundamental changes in initial management of severely injured patients. Despite major advances, hemorrhage remains a leading cause of early death in trauma patients. Recent studies report most severely injured patients to be coagulopathic at admission, before resuscitation interventions, and that traditional massive transfusion practice grossly underestimates needs. The hypothesis for this study is that our pre-intensive care unit (ICU) massive transfusion (MT) protocol does not adequately correct coagulopathy, and that early uncorrected coagulopathy is predictive of mortality. Methods: Data maintained in our Trauma Research Database were reviewed. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association of early ICU international normalized ratio (INR) and outcomes, including survival. Results: Ninety-seven of 200 patients admitted during 51 months (ending January 2003) and resuscitated using our standardized ICU shock resuscitation protocol received MT (>= 10 units packed red blood cells [PRBC]) during hospital day 1 (age, 39 +/- 2; ISS, 29 +/- 1; survival, 70%.) All patients required emergency operating room and/or interventional radiology procedures and arrived in the ICU 6.8 +/- 0.3 hours after admission. Coagulopathy, present at hospital admission (pre-ICU INR, 1.8 +/- 0.2), persisted at ICU admission (initial ICU INR, 1.6 +/- 0.1). Pre-ICU resuscitation, 9 +/- I L crystalloid fluid, 12 +/- 1 units PRBC, 5 +/- 0.4 units fresh frozen plasma (FFP), was consistent with our MT protocol by which FFP was not given until after 6 units PRBC. ICU resuscitation involved 11 +/- I L lactated Ringer's solution (LR) and 10 +/- 1 units PRBC. Mean pH was normal within 8 hours. Mean temperature increased from similar to 35 degrees C to > 37 degrees C within 4 hours. In the ICU during resuscitation, patients received 10 1 units FFP for coagulopathy; the ratio of FFP: PRBC was 1:1. Mean INR decreased to 1.4 +/- 0.03 within 8 hours and remained nearly constant for the remaining 16 hours of ICU resuscitation, indicating moderate coagulopathy. Statistical analysis found severity of coagulopathy (INR) at ICU admission associated with survival outcome (p = 0.02; area under receiver operator curve [ROC] = 0.71.) Conclusion: These data indicate acidosis and hypothermia to be well managed. Coagulopathy was not corrected in the ICU despite adherence to pre-ICU MT and ICU protocols, likely because of inadequate pre-ICU intervention. More aggressive pre-ICU intervention to correct coagulopathy may be effective in decreasing PRBC requirement during ICU resuscitation, and, because of the association with increased mortality, could improve outcome. We have revised our pre-ICU MT protocol to emphasize early FFP in a FFP:PRBC ratio of 1:1. We think that treatment of coagulopathy can be improved with the development of standardized protocols, both empiric and data driven. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Houston, TX USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP McKinley, BA (reprint author), Methodist Hosp, Dept Surg, Div Surg Crit Care & Acute Surg, 6550Fannin St,Smith Tower 1661, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM BAMcKinley@lmh.tmc.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32-GM008792, P50 GM38529] NR 26 TC 339 Z9 352 U1 1 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 1 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000250497.08101.8b PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 126CP UT WOS:000243490100022 PM 17215741 ER PT J AU van Rooij, MPC Dang, TQ Larosiliere, LM AF van Rooij, M. P. C. Dang, T. Q. Larosiliere, L. M. TI Improving aerodynamic matching of axial compressor blading using a three-dimensional multistage inverse design method SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo 2005 CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE inverse aerodynamic shape design; multistage turbomachinery CFD; compressor stage matching ID VISCOUS-FLOW AB Current turbomachinery design systems increasingly rely on Multistage CFD as a means to diagnose designs and assess performance potential. However design weaknesses attributed to improper stage matching are addressed using often ineffective strategies involving a costly iterative loop between blading modification, revision of design intent, and further evaluation of aerodynamic performance. A scheme is proposed herein which greatly simplifies the design point blade row matching process. It is based on a three dimensional viscous inverse method that has been extended to allow blading analysis and design in a multi-blade row environment. For computational expediency, blade row coupling is achieved through an averaging-plane approximation. To limit computational time, the inverse method was parallelized. The proposed method allows improvement of design point blade row matching by direct regulation of the circulation capacity of the blading within a multistage environment. During the design calculation, blade shapes are adjusted to account for inflow and outflow conditions while producing a prescribed pressure loading. Thus, it is computationally ensured that the intended pressure-loading distribution is consistent with the derived blading geometry operating in a multiblade row environment that accounts for certain blade row interactions. The viability of the method is demonstrated in design exercises involving the rotors of a 2.5 stage, highly loaded compressor Individually redesigned rotors display mismatching when run in the 2.5 stage, evident as a deviation from design intent. However simultaneous redesign of the rotors in their multistage environment produces the design intent, indicating that aerodynamic matching has been achieved. C1 Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NASA, USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1115/1.2372773 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 127UR UT WOS:000243612300011 ER PT J AU Brant, WO Bella, AJ Garcia, MM Tantiwongse, K Dean, RC Lue, TF AF Brant, William O. Bella, Anthony J. Garcia, Maurice M. Tantiwongse, Kavirach Dean, Robert C. Lue, Tom F. TI Isolated septal fibrosis or hematoma - Atypical Peyronie's disease? SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE penis; penile induration; ultrasonography; wounds and injuries; pentoxifylline ID PENILE FRACTURE; TRAUMA; EXPRESSION; PLAQUE AB Purpose: Classically Peyronie's disease presents with penile curvature and/or pain, and is associated with a palpable penile plaque. We frequently examine patients with suspected Peyronie's disease ultrasonographically and have noted a subset of patients in whom we could identify only a circumscribed septal lesion. We identified characteristics of these patients. Materials and Methods: Of our series of approximately 650 patients with Peyronie's disease 47 were identified with these lesions. Results: Of the 47 patients 22 presented with penile curvature with or without accompanying or preceding pain. Of the 47 patients 17 had a significant history of trauma, although only had the classic stigmata of penile fracture. A total of 16 patients had no history of curvature, 7 presented with only penile shortening or focal lack of rigidity and 5 were incidentally found to have lesions during assessment for other complaints. Three patients presenting after trauma were noted to have septal liquefied hematomas, which we aspirated under ultrasound guidance. Followup ultrasound revealed minimal septal thickening. In 1 of these patients the hematoma was adjacent to more typical-appearing septal fibrosis. Conclusions: We theorize that these hematomas are due to septal fractures and may represent a forme fruste or possibly a precursor lesion of more typical septal fibrosis. Ultrasonographic evaluation may allow earlier identification and treatment of occult septal injuries or lesions and prevent subsequent fibrosis and its associated symptoms. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Brant, WO (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, 400 Parnassus Ave,A 633, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM panditah@hotmail.com NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 177 IS 1 BP 179 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2006.08.065 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 116ZV UT WOS:000242843200045 PM 17162033 ER PT J AU Morey, AF Lin, HC DeRosa, CA Griffith, BC AF Morey, Allen F. Lin, H. Cathy DeRosa, Chad A. Griffith, Brian C. TI Fossa navicularis reconstruction: Impact of stricture length on outcomes and assessment of extended meatotomy (first stage Johanson) maneuver SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE urethral stricture; reconstructive surgical procedures; treatment outcome ID BALANITIS XEROTICA OBLITERANS; URETHRAL STRICTURES; URETHROPLASTY; REPAIR; FLAP AB Purpose: We evaluated the significance of stricture length and severity on the outcome of fossa navicularis reconstruction. We also determined the efficacy and usefulness of an extended meatotomy (first stage Johanson) salvage maneuver in refractory cases. Materials and Methods: Our 7-year experience with the surgical management of distal urethral strictures involving the fossa navicularis was reviewed. Stricture length, reconstructive method and outcomes were assessed in 40 consecutive cases performed at our institution from 1997 to 2003. Men undergoing flap or graft onlay reconstruction were divided into group 1-short, isolated fossa navicularis strictures (2.5 cm or less) and group 2-long pendulous urethral strictures (greater than 2.5 cm) extending into the fossa navicularis. Men treated with extended meatotomy for complex and/or reoperative distal strictures comprised group 3. Results: Average followup was 52 months (range 28 to 81). The majority of men with short isolated fossa navicularis strictures (group 1 average length 2.2 cm, range 1.5 to 2.5) had successful onlay reconstruction (10 of 11, 91%). Those with longer strictures (group 2 average length 7.4 cm, range 4 to 16) had significantly poorer outcomes with onlay reconstruction (7 of 13, 54%, p < 0.05). Failures presented in a delayed manner with recurrent stenosis of the distal segment. Extended meatotomy (group 3) proved to be successful in 14 of 16 men (87%) with complex or reoperative strictures. Conclusions: Stricture length influences the outcome of distal urethroplasty. Onlay repair via a penile fasciocutaneous flap technique is reliable for short perimeatal strictures, but is less well suited for longer distal strictures. Extended meatotomy appears to be a highly effective salvage maneuver for complicated strictures of the fossa navicularis. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Morey, AF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, SDU, MCHE, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM allen.morey@amedd.army.mil NR 19 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 177 IS 1 BP 184 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2006.08.062 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 116ZV UT WOS:000242843200048 PM 17162036 ER PT S AU Stann, B Redman, BC Lawler, W Giza, M Dammann, J Krapels, K AF Stann, Barry Redman, Brian C. Lawler, William Giza, Mark Dammann, John Krapels, Keith BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI Chirped amplitude modulation ladar for range and Doppler measurements and 3-D imaging - art. no. 655005 SO Laser Radar Technology and Applications XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XII CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE ladar; Lidar; fm-cw; chirped AM; range-Doppler; tracking; 3D imaging; cruise missile; force protection; IRST AB Shipboard infrared search and track (IRST) systems can detect sea-skimming anti-ship missiles at long ranges, but cannot distinguish missiles from slowly moving false targets and clutter. In a joint Army-Navy program, the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is developing a ladar to provide unambiguous range and velocity measurements of targets detected by the distributed aperture system (DAS) IRST system being developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). By using the ladar's range and velocity data, false alarms and clutter objects will be distinguished from incoming missiles. Because the ladar uses an array receiver, it can also provide three-dimensional (3-D) imagery of potential threats at closer ranges in support of the force protection/situational awareness mission. The ladar development is being accomplished in two phases. In Phase 1, ARL designed, built, and reported on an initial breadboard ladar for proof-of-principle static platform field tests. In Phase 11, ARL was tasked to design, and test an advanced breadboard ladar that corrected various shortcomings in the transmitter optics and receiver electronics and improved the signal processing and display code. The advanced breadboard will include a high power laser source utilizing a long pulse erbium amplifier built under contract. Because award of the contract for the erbium amplifier was delayed, final assembly of the advanced ladar is delayed. In the course of this year's work we built a "research receiver" to facilitate design revisions, and when combined with a low-power laser, enabled us to demonstrate the viability of the components and subsystems comprising the advanced ladar. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Stann, B (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6672-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6550 BP 55005 EP 55005 AR 655005 DI 10.1117/12.719523 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGL48 UT WOS:000248197000003 ER PT S AU Newburgh, GA Dubinskii, M Merrell, D AF Newburgh, G. Alex Dubinskii, M. Merrell, Douglas BE Wood, GL Dubindkii, MA TI A silicon carbide face cooled ceramic Nd : YAG laser - art. no. 655207 SO Laser Source Technology for Defense and Security III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Source Technology for Defense and Security CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orissa, FL SP SPIE DE solid-state lasers; thermal management; Nd : YAG ceramic; silicon carbide; Finite Element Analysis ID BIREFRINGENCE AB The efficient extraction of heat generated during the operation of lasers continues to occupy designers of High Energy Lasers (HEL). In the case of bulk solid state lasers, the trend towards improved thermal management design has spurred the re-arrangement of the gain medium from a rod geometry configuration to a "disk" like approach. This rearrangement of the gain medium into a disk configuration maximizes the surface-area-to-volume ratio for improved heat transfer rate from heated core to heatsink surface allowing for power scaling of the solid state laser. Two forms of the face cooled laser exist; the "Thin Disk" and "Diamond Cooled" Laser. While both architectures are based on the face cooling of the gain medium through contact with a heatsink, only the diamond cooled laser requires that one heatsink surface be of high optical quality, laser finished and highly thermally conductive. The diamond cooled laser configuration has the advantage of being able to cool both gain disk surfaces while permitting lasing. The diamond cooled laser approach has been validated in the United States [1] and Israel [2] where diamond has been employed as the thermally conductive medium in small area solid state (SS) lasers. We recently demonstrated the use of SiC as a replacement for diamond in the face cooled laser [3].This work used a single wafer of SiC in pressure-contact (press contact) with 4% Nd:YAG without AR coating between SiC and Nd:YAG. Although the assembly was lased, the press contact construction introduced at least 6.6% single pass cavity losses into the laser cavity, thereby reducing the overall efficiency of the laser. In this paper, we report on improvements in lasing efficiency due to the of reduction of the Fresnel losses through the high temperature bonding of AR coated SiC to Nd:YAG. In what follows, we will present thermo-optic modeling as well the experimental and modeling results of a double SiC face cooled 4%Nd:YAG, longitudinally pumped solid state laser. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Newburgh, GA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6674-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6552 BP 55207 EP 55207 AR 655207 DI 10.1117/12.722408 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGL71 UT WOS:000248223100004 ER PT S AU Goldberg, L Nettleton, J Schilling, B Trussel, W Hays, A AF Goldberg, Lew Nettleton, John Schilling, Brad Trussel, Ward Hays, Alan BE Wood, GL Dubindkii, MA TI Compact laser sources for laser designation, ranging and active imaging - art. no. 65520G SO Laser Source Technology for Defense and Security III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Source Technology for Defense and Security CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orissa, FL SP SPIE DE solid state lasers; laser designators; laser range finders; fiber lasers; Nd : YAG; actively Q-switched; passively Q-switched; eye-safe lasers ID MONOBLOCK LASER AB Recent advances in compact solid sate lasers for laser designation, eye-safe range finding and active imaging are described. Wide temperature operation of a compact Nd:YAG laser was achieved by end pumping and the use of multi-lambda diode stacks. Such lasers enabled construction of fully operational 4.7 lb laser designator prototypes generating over 50 mJ at 10-20 Hz PRF. Output pulse energy in excess of 100 mJ was demonstrated in a breadboard version of the end-pumped laser. Eye-safe 1.5 mu m lasers based on flash-pumped, low PRF, Monoblock lasers have enabled compact STORM laser range finders that have recently been put into production. To achieve higher optical and electrical efficiency needed for higher PRF operation, Monoblock lasers were end-pumped by a laser diode stack. Laser diode end-pumped Monoblock lasers were operated at 10-20 Hz PRF over a wide temperature range (-20 to +50 degrees C). Compared with bulk compact solid state lasers, fiber lasers are characterized by lower pulse energy, higher PRF's, shorter pulses and higher electrical efficiency. An example of fiber lasers suitable for LIDAR, and atmospheric measurement applications is described. Eye-safe, low intensity diode pumped solid state green warning laser developed for US Army checkpoint and convoy applications is also described. C1 USA, Night Vis Lab & Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Goldberg, L (reprint author), USA, Night Vis Lab & Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6674-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6552 BP G5520 EP G5520 AR 65520G DI 10.1117/12.722143 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGL71 UT WOS:000248223100010 ER PT S AU Dubinskii, M Ter-Gabrielyan, N Newburgh, GA Merkle, LD AF Dubinskii, M. Ter-Gabrielyan, N. Newburgh, G. A. Merkle, L. D. BE Wood, GL Dubindkii, MA TI Ultra-low photon defect diode-pumped cryo-cooled Er : YAG laser - art. no. 65520M SO Laser Source Technology for Defense and Security III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Source Technology for Defense and Security CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orissa, FL SP SPIE DE Er : YAG; diode-pumped; solid-state lasers; cryo-cooled ID NM AB Efficient ultra-low-photon-defect resonantly diode-pumped Er:YAG cryogenically-cooled laser is demonstrated for the first time. Quasi-CW diode pumping by InGaAsP/InP 10-diode bar stack (without spectral narrowing) was implemented. Laser performance at similar to 80 degrees K in this first experiment was found to be 71.5% efficient (output power versus power absorbed in the cavity mode, slope). Er:YAG laser output variations with the gain medium temperature was investigated. Maximum quasi-CW power of similar to 65 W was achieved by optimization the gain medium operating temperature. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dubinskii, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6674-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6552 BP M5520 EP M5520 AR 65520M DI 10.1117/12.723440 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGL71 UT WOS:000248223100015 ER PT J AU Schulze, R Meehan, KJ Lopez, A Sweeney, K Winstanley, D Apruzzese, W Ross, EV AF Schulze, Rafael Meehan, Ken J. Lopez, Antonia Sweeney, Kasina Winstanley, Doug Apruzzese, William Ross, E. Victor TI Low fluence 1064 nm laser hair reduction for pseudofolliculitis barbae in skin types IV, V, and VI SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 11-15, 2007 CL Grapevine, TX SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. Palomar Med Technol, Boston, MA USA. Scripps Green Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2007 SU 19 MA 96 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 154XF UT WOS:000245540600084 ER PT B AU Messervey, TB Frangopol, DM AF Messervey, Thomas B. Frangopol, Dan M. BE Cho, HN Frangopol, DM Ang, AHS TI Updating the time-dependent reliability using load monitoring data and the statistics of extremes SO LIFE-CYCLE COST AND PERFORMANCE OF CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis and Design of Civil Infrastructure Systems CY OCT 16-18, 2006 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Assoc Bridge Maintenance & Safety, Korea Inst Construct & Technol, Korean Soc Steel Construct, Korean Assoc Life-Cycle Engn Management, DAELIM Ind Co Ltd, DEAEOO Engn & Construct Co Ltd, GS Engn & Construct, HYUNDAI Dev Co, HYUNDAI Engn & Construct Co Ltd, KOREA Dev Corporat, LOTTE Engn & Construct, NAMKWANG Engn & Construct, POSCO Engn & Construct Co Ltd, SAMSUNG Engn & Construct, SHINSUNG Engn & Construct Co Ltd, SK Engn & Construct Co Ltd, TAEYOUNG Corp AB This paper investigates how to incorporate in-service live load data obtained via structural health monitoring (SHM) into the calculation of the reliability index 13 over time. The idea is that a structure could either be overly conservative in its design, in which case one would want to take advantage of this fact in maintenance scheduling, or a structure could be subjected to greater than anticipated loading, wear, or decay, also demanding maintenance adjustments. In this analysis a very important question is uncovered. What live load is most appropriate in calculating the reliability of a structure, the initial code-driven design load, a projected anticipated future load, or a load distribution created from an on-site historical demand history? To answer this question, a model is proposed that incorporates all three elements as they change over time. An innovative approach using the statistics of extremes is introduced to update, over time, a prior assumed load distribution to reflect the actual in-service loads on site. The results are then incorporated into the calculation of the reliability index through Bayesian updating and projected forward in time. C1 [Messervey, Thomas B.] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Messervey, TB (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-41356-5 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 269 EP 276 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BHB33 UT WOS:000252066200028 ER PT J AU James, JA Kim-Howard, XR Bruner, BF Jonsson, MK McClain, MT Arbuckle, MT Walker, C Dennis, GJ Merrill, JT Harley, JB AF James, J. A. Kim-Howard, X. R. Bruner, B. F. Jonsson, M. K. McClain, M. T. Arbuckle, M. T. Walker, C. Dennis, G. J. Merrill, J. T. Harley, J. B. TI Hydroxychloroquine sulfate treatment is associated with later onset of systemic lupus erythematosus SO LUPUS LA English DT Article DE hydroxychloroquine; SLE; systemic lupus erythematosus; therapy ID CONNECTIVE-TISSUE DISEASE; REVISED CRITERIA; LONG-TERM; FOLLOW-UP; ANTIBODIES; COHORT; AUTOANTIBODIES; CLASSIFICATION; EXACERBATIONS; ANTIMALARIALS AB Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically diverse, complex autoimmune disease which may present with coincident onset of many criteria or slow, gradual symptom accrual. Early intervention has been postulated to delay or prevent the development of more serious sequelae. One option for treatment in this setting is hydroxychloroquine. Using 130 US military personnel who later met ACR SLE criteria, a retrospective study of onset, development and progression of SLE with and without pre-classification hydroxychloroquine (n = 26) use was performed. Patients treated with hydroxychloroquine prior to diagnosis had a longer (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = 0.018) time between the onset of the first clinical symptom and SLE classification (median: 1.08 versus 0.29 years). Patients treated with prednisone before diagnosis also more slowly satisfied the classification criteria (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = 0.011). The difference in median times between patients who received NSAIDs before diagnosis, as opposed to those who did not, was not different (P = 0.19). Patients treated with hydroxychloroquine also had a lower rate of autoantibody accumulation and a decreased number of autoantibody specificities at and after diagnosis. These findings are consistent with early hydroxychloroquine use being associated with delayed SLE onset. A prospective, blinded trial testing the capacity of hydroxychloroquine to delay or prevent SLE in high risk populations is warranted. C1 Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Arthritis & Immunol Program, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Univ Oklahoma Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Univ Oklahoma Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Genet Epidemiol Unit, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Univ Bergen, Broegelmann Res Lab, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIAMSD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Clin Pharmacol Program, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. US Dept Vet Affairs, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. RP James, JA (reprint author), Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Arthritis & Immunol Program, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. EM jamesj@omrf.ouhsc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR15577, RR20143]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI62629, AI50350, AI31584]; NIAMS NIH HHS [P30 AR053483, AR48045, AR49084, AR45084, AR48980, AR45451]; PHS HHS [ARC24717, ARC49084] NR 21 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0961-2033 J9 LUPUS JI Lupus PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 401 EP 409 DI 10.1177/0961203307078579 PG 9 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 196GZ UT WOS:000248471000003 PM 17664230 ER PT J AU Klote, MM Engler, RJM AF Klote, Mary M. Engler, Renata J. M. TI Response to sex differences in autoimmune disease SO LUPUS LA English DT Letter ID INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINE; PAIN; SAFETY C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vaccine Healthcare Ctr Network, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Klote, MM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, 6900 Gerogia Ave NW,Room 1J, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM mary.klote@us.army.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0961-2033 J9 LUPUS JI Lupus PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 457 EP 457 DI 10.1177/0961203307078732 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 196GZ UT WOS:000248471000013 PM 17664240 ER PT B AU Jones, TL DeLorme, RD Burkins, MS Gooch, WA AF Jones, Tyrone L. DeLorme, Richard D. Burkins, Matthew S. Gooch, William A. BE Beals, RS Luo, AA Neelameggham, NR Pekguleryuz, MO TI Initial ballistic evaluation of the magnesium alloy AZ31B SO Magnesium Technology 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Magnesium Technology held at the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP TMS, Light Metals Div, Magnestium Comm DE magnesium; AZ31B; ballistics AB Wrought magnesium alloys, which maintain various niche market applications due to their unique properties, have been the subject of a heightened level of research and development for potential application in the automotive market. However, little data is available on their ballistic properties. In order to fill this gap, the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and Magnesium Elektron North America, Incorporated (MENA) conducted a cooperative effort to evaluate magnesium alloy AZ31B, which was commercially available in a wrought form. MENA produced the rolled product and conducted the mechanical testing, while ARL performed the ballistic testing. Some limited ballistic data is provided for this alloy in both the H24 and O tempers. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM TA, APG, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Jones, TL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM TA, APG, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-663-9 PY 2007 BP 189 EP 191 PG 3 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGJ38 UT WOS:000247423300030 ER PT S AU Parnell, GS Figueira, JR Bennett, S Bobylev, N Del Pup, K Ganoulis, J Haruvy, N Menoni, S Peruzzo, F Salvi, O Sargsyan, V Schlink, U Schnelle, D El Sheltawi, S AF Parnell, G. S. Figueira, J. R. Bennett, S. Bobylev, N. Del Pup, K. Ganoulis, J. Haruvy, N. Menoni, S. Peruzzo, F. Salvi, O. Sargsyan, V. Schlink, U. Schnelle, D. El Sheltawi, S. BE Linkov, I Wenning, RJ Kiker, GA TI Decision analysis tools for safety, security, and sustainability of ports and harbors SO Managing Critical Infrastructure Risks: Decision Tools and Application for Port Security SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Management Tools for Port Security, Critical Infrastructure and Sustainability CY MAR, 2006 CL Venice, ITALY SP NATO ID RISK ANALYSIS AB Industrial ports and harbors face significant safety, security, and sustainability challenges, Decisions must be made to assess risk and allocate risk management resources. Decision analysis has nearly 40 years of successful application to decision challenges. We present a comprehensive decision analysis framework that captures the concepts and tools of decision analysis. We use four illustrative examples to demonstrate the potential use of decision analysis: 1. Management of hazardous material at ports. 2. Dredging of contaminated material. 3. A general terrorist attack at ports. 4. A specific terrorist attack, the detonation of a radiological dissemination device (a "dirty bomb") in a port. We show how decision analysis concepts could be applied in each case to make risk management decisions. We conclude with some illustrative results of the analysis. C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RI Figueira, Jose Rui/J-3194-2012 OI Figueira, Jose Rui/0000-0001-9822-1167 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-6383-1 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2007 BP 245 EP 260 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6385-5_13 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Public Administration; Statistics & Probability; Urban Studies SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Mathematics; Urban Studies GA BGR67 UT WOS:000250109200013 ER PT J AU Newell, RIE Kemp, WM Hagy, JD Cerco, CF Testa, JM Boynton, WR AF Newell, Roger I. E. Kemp, W. Michael Hagy, James D., III Cerco, Carl F. Testa, Jeremy M. Boynton, Walter R. TI Top-down control of phytoplankton by oysters in Chesapeake Bay, USA: Comment on Pomeroy et al. (2006) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE algal blooms; biodeposition; Crassostrea virginica; Chesapeake Bay; hypoxia; oyster; restoration; suspension-feeder; water quality ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; RIVER FLOW; EUTROPHICATION; SUSPENSION; MODEL; RESPIRATION; BIOMASS; WATERS AB Pomeroy et al. (2006) proposed that temporal and spatial mismatches between eastern oyster filtration and phytoplankton abundance will preclude restored stocks of eastern oysters from reducing the severity of hypoxia in the deep channel of central Chesapeake Bay. We refute this contention by presenting arguments, data, and model results, overlooked by these authors. Our analysis indicates that oyster populations living on extensive reefs along the flanks of the mainstem Bay could substantially reduce summer phytoplankton growth and particulate organic carbon deposition to deep waters of the central channel. Because hypoxia in these deep waters is maintained through microbial decomposition of organic carbon generated by summer phytoplankton production, we conclude that reduced carbon fluxes to the deep channel associated with greatly increased oyster grazing could reduce the severity of hypoxia. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21631 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Newell, RIE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, PO Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21631 USA. EM newell@hpl.umces.edu RI Boynton, Walter/C-3035-2012; Testa, Jeremy/C-7189-2013; kemp, Michael/F-9955-2013 OI Testa, Jeremy/0000-0003-0027-9761; NR 47 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 341 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.3354/meps341293 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 195DI UT WOS:000248392300025 ER PT J AU Wilber, DH Clarke, DG Rees, SI AF Wilber, Dara H. Clarke, Douglas G. Rees, Susan I. TI Responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to thin-layer disposal of dredged material in Mississippi Sound, USA SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Gulfport Harbor; benthic recovery; thin-layer disposal; dredging impacts ID VERTICAL MIGRATION; MARINE BENTHOS; MORTALITY; COMMUNITY; IMPACTS; SEDIMENTATION; CONSEQUENCES; ENVIRONMENT; DISTURBANCE; ENGLAND AB Benthic community responses to thin-layer disposal of dredged material were assessed at three sites in Mississippi Sound, USA. Community composition differed between disposal and reference sites (ANOSIM) for each disposal event. Oweniid sand worms, Amphinomid fire worms, and brittle stars (Ophiuriodea) contributed the most to community distinctions between disposal and reference sites (SIMPER), with higher abundances at the disposal sites. Total infaunal abundance was similar to pre-disposal and reference conditions within 3-10 months of thin-layer disposal. Distinctions in community composition between disposal and reference sites (nMDS) persisted throughout the 16-month study period, but were less pronounced at the site where sediment composition was unchanged by disposal. Size distributions of some taxa (e.g., gastropod and hemichordate) suggest adults recolonized the newly deposited sediments either through vertical migration or lateral immigration from adjacent areas. Thin-layer disposal offers a viable alternative to conventional open-water disposal practices and warrants further exploration for other areas with deeper bathymetries and different hydrodynamic regimes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Bowhead Informat Technol Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA Corps, Engineers Mobile Dist, Mobile, AL 36628 USA. RP Wilber, DH (reprint author), Bowhead Informat Technol Serv, 664 Old Plantat Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM wilberdh@aol.com; Douglas.G.Clarke@erdc.usace.army.mil; Susan.I.Rees@sam.usace.mil NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.08.042 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 136FR UT WOS:000244208500014 PM 17052734 ER PT S AU Lee, SL Wei, RH Todar, M Cote, P AF Lee, Sabrina L. Wei, Rong H. Todar, Mark Cote, Paul BE Manaa, MR Goncharov, AF Hemley, RJ Bini, R TI Electroplated and plasma enhanced magnetron sputtered Ta and Cr coatings for high temperature and high pressure operation SO Materials Research at High Pressure SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Research at High Pressure held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-28, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID DEPOSITED TANTALUM; EROSION; DAMAGE AB For A723 steel large caliber gun barrel applications, high pressure (similar to 700MPa), rapid cyclic beating-cooling (-1250 degrees C), and aggressive propellant gases (CO, CO2, H2O, H-2, N-2, NH3, CH4, H2S ctc) operational environment can cause severe wear and erosion damages to the bore, reducing the service life of the component. Refractory bore coatings can help protect the steel bore to extend service life. Cr electroplating process is currently being widely used in industry and in the military, but toxic wastes from the process are difficult and expensive to dispose. Plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering techniques are being developed for potential replacement of the Cr electroplating process. In this work, we compared A723 steel specimens coated with electroplated Cr and plasma enhanced magnetron sputtered Ta and Cr coatings. The specimens were subjected to analytical testing, including scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, metallography; and adhesion testing, including groove test, a pulsed laser heat test to simulate cyclic thermal environment of the bore, and actual firing test. Steel samples electroplated with HC (high contraction) Cr showed extensive pre-deposition cracks, it also showed cohesive failures under groove adhesion test. When subjected to cyclic high pressure and temperature operation, gas-metal interactions led the as-deposited cracks to grow wider and new cracks to develop, allowing hot pressurized propellant gases to penetrate the cracks and erode the steel substrate. Plasma enhanced sputtered Ta and Cr coatings on steel were harder and denser compared to conventional magnetron sputtered coatings. Under groove testing, they showed no cracks, no cohesive and no adhesive failures. When subjected to cyclic pulsed laser heating simulation at 1490 degrees K, thick sputtered Ta showed no crack, no delamination, and no failures. A heat affected zone was observed in steel, which was caused by tempered to untempered martensite conversion. Our data also showed that Ta sputtered in Ar consisted of minimum interface meta-stable tetragonal Ta fingers, which converted to bcc Ta in the heat affected zone; Ta sputtered in Kr consisted of 100% stable bcc Ta under similar experimental conditions. C1 ARDEC, US Army, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Lee, SL (reprint author), ARDEC, US Army, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-944-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 987 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BGF50 UT WOS:000246444000014 ER PT S AU Halbig, MC Singh, M Shpargel, TP Kiser, JD AF Halbig, Michael C. Singh, Mrityunjay Shpargel, Tarah P. Kiser, James D. BE Tandon, R TI DIFFUSION BONDING OF SILICON CARBIDE CERAMICS USING TITANIUM INTERLAYERS SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc,Engn Ceram Div ID THERMAL-EXPANSION ANISOTROPY; SILICIDES; JOINTS; TI5SI3 AB Robust joining approaches for silicon carbide ceramics are critically needed to fabricate leak free joints with high temperature mechanical capability. In this study, titanium foils and physical vapor deposited (PVD) titanium coatings were used to form diffusion bonds between SiC ceramics using hot pressing. Silicon carbide substrate materials used for bonding include sintered SiC and two types of CVD SiC. Microscopy results show the formation of well-adhered diffusion bonds. The bond strengths as determined from pull tests are on the order of several ksi. Electron microprobe results show the distribution of silicon, carbon, titanium, and other minor elements across the bonded interface. Compositions of several phases formed in the joint region were identified. Potential issues of material compatibility and optimal bond formation are also discussed. C1 [Halbig, Michael C.] USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Halbig, MC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08052-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 133 EP 143 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BSM90 UT WOS:000284977900014 ER PT J AU Mikita, CP Padlan, EA AF Mikita, Cecilia P. Padlan, Eduardo A. TI Why is there a greater incidence of allergy to the tropomyosin of certain animals than to that of others? SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS AB Tropomyosin is a major allergen in various foods, implicated in a spectrum of mild to life threatening reactions. The incidence of allergy to tropomyosin varies greatly by species, with sensitivity to crab, shrimp, cockroach, and dust mite tropomyosins, among others, being the highest, while tropomyosins in vertebrate species are considered non-allergenic. We have analyzed the possible fragments which may result from Pepsin A digestion of tropomyosins from various species and find that larger fragments of the tropomyosins from crab, shrimp, cockroach, and especially, dust mites will probably survive gastric digestion, compared to those from, for example, chicken, cattle, rabbit, or fish. These larger peptide fragments may enter the bloodstream and assume a three-dimensional structure whose stability approaches that of the intact molecule. Antibodies, including IgE, would be expected to be produced specifically against stable regions of the tertiary structure. We propose that this is a plausible explanation for the greater ability of the larger molecules derived from invertebrate tropomyosins to trigger an immediate hypersensitivity response. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Philippines Diliman, Inst Marine Sci, Coll Sci, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. RP Mikita, CP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Cecilia.mikita@na.amedd.army.mil NR 11 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PY 2007 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1070 EP 1073 DI 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.12.060 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 227LH UT WOS:000250657700017 PM 17482765 ER PT B AU Holt, SL Hemmert, DJ Walter, JW Mankowski, JJ Dickens, JC Kristiansen, M Aligilbers, LL AF Holt, Shad L. Hemmert, David J. Walter, John W. Mankowski, John J. Dickens, James C. Kristiansen, Magne Aligilbers, Larry L. BE Kiuttu, GF Turchi, PJ Reinovsky, RE TI Characterization of explosively driven ferroelectric generator material SO MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELDS AND HIGH ENERGY LINER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics/International Workshop on High Energy Liners and High Energy Density Applications CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Megagauss Inst, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol comm AB Explosively driven ferroelectric generators (FEGs) are reliable, compact, high voltage sources for driving ultra-compact high power devices. When energized by mechanical stress, they release charge from their crystal structure, acting similar to a charged high voltage capacitor. However, due to the relatively low energy of these devices, they must be well matched to their application so that the full potential of the material can be utilized. This requires proper characterization of the material's electrical output as a function of the input shockwave. HEM Technologies and Texas Tech University characterized a ferroelectric ceramic, EDO EC-64, for different pressures to determine possible loss mechanisms and its maximum output power and energy. C1 [Holt, Shad L.; Hemmert, David J.] HEM Technol, Lubbock, TX 79423 USA. [Walter, John W.; Mankowski, John J.; Dickens, James C.; Kristiansen, Magne] Texas Tech Univ, P3E Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Aligilbers, Larry L.] SMDC, US Army, Huntsville, AL 35898 USA. RP Holt, SL (reprint author), HEM Technol, Lubbock, TX 79423 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2061-2 PY 2007 BP 307 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Physics GA BHT64 UT WOS:000256285300038 ER PT B AU Shkuratov, SI Talantsev, EF Baird, J Altgilbers, LL Stults, AH AF Shkuratov, Sergey I. Talantsev, Eygueni F. Baird, Jason Altgilbers, Larry L. Stults, Allen H. BE Kiuttu, GF Turchi, PJ Reinovsky, RE TI Compact autonomous completely explosive pulsed power system based on transverse shock wave demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B and magnetic flux compression SO MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELDS AND HIGH ENERGY LINER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics/International Workshop on High Energy Liners and High Energy Density Applications CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Megagauss Inst, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol comm ID HARD FERROMAGNETICS; GENERATOR AB The design and performance of a compact autonomous completely explosive pulsed power system based on two physical effects, the transverse shock wave demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B high-energy hard ferromagnets and magnetic flux compression, are presented. A transverse shock wave ferromagnetic generator (FMG) served as a seed source, and a compact helical magnetic flux compression generator (FCG) was used as a pulsed power amplifier. Results of a theoretical and experimental study demonstrated reliable operation of the proposed FMG-FCG system. The methodology for analytical calculation of seed current amplitude is developed. C1 [Shkuratov, Sergey I.; Talantsev, Eygueni F.; Baird, Jason] Loki Inc, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Altgilbers, Larry L.] US Army Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. [Stults, Allen H.] US Army Res, Dev & Engn Command, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Shkuratov, SI (reprint author), Loki Inc, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2061-2 PY 2007 BP 337 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Physics GA BHT64 UT WOS:000256285300043 ER PT S AU Fuchs, B Stec, D AF Fuchs, Brian Stec, Daniel, III BE George, T Cheng, Z TI Computational survey of representative energetic materials as propellants for microthruster applications - art. no. 65561B SO Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Defense and Security CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE microthrusters; MEMS; energetic materials; propellants AB Microthrusters are critical for the development of terrestrial micromissiles and nano air vehicles for reconnaissance, surveillance, and sensor emplacement. With the maturation of MEMS manufacturing technology, the physical components of the thrusters can be readily fabricated. The thruster type that is the most straightforward is chemical combustion of a propellant that is ignited by a heating element giving a single shot thrust. Arrays of MEMS manufactured thrusters can be ganged to give multiple firings. The basic model for such a system is a solid rocket motor. The desired elements for the propellant of a chemical thruster are high specific impulse (I-sp), high temperature and pressure, and low molecular weight combustion gases. Since the combustion chamber of a microthruster is extremely small, the propellant material must be able to ignite, sustain and complete its bum inside the chamber. The propellant can be either a solid or a liquid. There are a large number of energetic materials available as candidates for a propellant for microthrusters. There has been no systematic evaluation of the available energetic materials as propellant candidates for microthrusters. This report summarizes computations done on a series of energetic materials to address their suitabilities as microthruster propellants. C1 USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Fuchs, B (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6678-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6556 BP B5561 EP B5561 AR 65561B DI 10.1117/12.721756 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGK10 UT WOS:000247873700031 ER PT J AU Ritchie, EC Cardona, RA AF Ritchie, Elspeth Cameron Cardona, Robert Andrew TI US military enlisted accession mental health screening: History and current practice SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Through the stimulus of war and concerns about neuropsychiatric disability, the U.S. military developed methods to rapidly screen the mental health of World War I and II draftees. Intelligence testing and brief psychiatric screening expanded the accession physical examination and underwent revision to identify only gross mental health disability. Supplemental psychiatric evaluations and written psychological screening tools were abandoned after postwar assessments; they demonstrated poor predictive power in evaluating recruit service capacity for combat environments. Currently, only three mental health accession tools are used to screen applicants before their entrance into military service, namely, educational achievement, cognitive testing, and a cursory psychiatric evaluation. The Navy and Air Force use a fourth screening measure during entry-level training. Educational attainment with high school graduation has been the strongest predictor of finishing a service term. The purpose of this article is to provide both a historical review and a review of testing efforts. C1 Reynolds Army Community Hosp, Community Mental Hlth Serv, Ft Sill, OK 73503 USA. Off Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Ritchie, EC (reprint author), Reynolds Army Community Hosp, Community Mental Hlth Serv, Ft Sill, OK 73503 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125XE UT WOS:000243476000007 ER PT J AU Gibson, BR Fox-Samson, CL Rowe, JR AF Gibson, Brent Randall Fox-Samson, Connie L. Rowe, John R. TI Civilian medical qualification determinations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Much like their counterparts in private industry, federal medical officers, particularly preventive and occupational medicine physicians, must ensure a workforce fit to perform their duties. Meeting this objective often requires balancing competing interests between employers and employees. The medical examination is the method for protecting the government's interests in identifying federal civilian applicants and workers who are medically unqualified to perform their duties while also preventing discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities. Scant published guidance on performing authorized medical examinations and analyzing the resultant information is available for federal medical officers. This is needed to foster an equitable, compliant decision for both federal employers and employees. Using the Department of Defense as an example, this article provides a legal road map for the practitioner by defining medical standards and physical requirements, discussing medical examinations, and examining disability determinations. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Occupat & Environm Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Off Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Gibson, BR (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd,Room 1040A, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 58 EP 62 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125XE UT WOS:000243476000013 PM 17274268 ER PT J AU Niebuhr, DW Li, YH Powers, TE Krauss, MR Chandler, D Helfer, T AF Niebuhr, David W. Li, Yuanzhang Powers, Timothy E. Krauss, Margot R. Chandler, David Helfer, Thomas TI Attrition of US military enlistees with waivers for hearing deficiency, 1995-2004 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB Background: Hearing deficiency is the condition for which accession medical waivers are most commonly granted. The retention of individuals entering service with a waiver for hearing deficiency has not been previously studied. Methods: Military retention among new enlistees with a medical waiver for hearing deficiency was compared with that among a matched comparison group of fully qualified enlistees. Comparisons according to branch of service over the first 3 years of service were performed with the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and proportional-hazards model. Results: Army subjects had significantly lower retention rates than did their fully qualified counterparts. In the adjusted model, Army and Navy enlistees with a waiver for hearing deficiency had a significantly lower likelihood of retention than did their matched counterparts. Discussion: The increased likelihood of medical attrition in enlistees with a waiver for hearing loss provides no evidence to make the hearing accession standard more lenient and validates a selective hearing loss waiver policy. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Dept Def Execut Agcy, Off Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Hearing Conservat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Niebuhr, DW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Niebuhr, David/B-7865-2011; OI Li, Yuanzhang/0000-0001-8872-4430 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125XE UT WOS:000243476000014 PM 17274269 ER PT J AU Owens, BD Mountcastle, SB Dunn, WR DeBerardino, TM Taylor, DC AF Owens, Brett D. Mountcastle, Sally B. Dunn, Warren R. DeBerardino, Thomas M. Taylor, Dean C. TI Incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury among active duty US military servicemen and servicewomen SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Military-Orthopaedic-Surgeons CY DEC, 2004 CL Vail, CO SP Soc Mil Orthoped Surg ID BASKETBALL; SOCCER; WOMEN; ARMY; MEN AB Although some studies have reported an increased incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in women athletes, little is known about the gender differences in injury patterns in the U.S. military. Using the Defense Medical Epidemiology Database, a search was performed for International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes 717.83 (old disruption of ACL) and 844.2 (sprain, strain cruciate ligament of the knee) among all servicemen and servicewomen between 1997 and 2003. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the rate of ACL injuries per 1,000 person-years, controlling for age and race, for each ICD-9 code. We computed rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using male as the reference category. The injury rates for code 717.83 were 3.09 cases per 1,000 person-years for men and 2.29 cases per 1,000 person-years for women, controlling for age and race (relative risk, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.71-0.76). The injury rates for ICD-9 code 844.2 were 3.79 cases per 1,000 person-years for men and 2.95 cases per 1,000 person-years for women, controlling for age and race (relative risk, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.76-0.80). There was not an observed increase in the incidence of ACL injuries among female soldiers in the U.S. military between 1997 and 2003. C1 US Mil Acad, Keller Army Hosp, Orthoped Surg Serv, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Owens, BD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Keller Army Hosp, Orthoped Surg Serv, West Point, NY 10996 USA. OI DeBerardino, Thomas/0000-0002-7110-8743 NR 10 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 90 EP 91 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125XE UT WOS:000243476000019 PM 17274274 ER PT J AU Smith, KC Petersen, EJ AF Smith, Kevin C. Petersen, Evan J. TI Benefits of a musculoskeletal screening examination for initial entry training soldiers SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC RISK-FACTORS; LIMB OVERUSE INJURIES; EXERCISE; ARMY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREDICTORS; TRAINEES; RECRUITS AB Soldiers reporting for Individual Entry Training from basic training posts frequently arrive unable to initiate or complete training due to musculoskeletal injuries. Therefore, a screening examination was developed to identify musculoskeletal injuries and provide appropriate medical intervention as needed. During a consecutive 5-week period, 1,013 soldiers reported for training to Fort Lee, Virginia. Of these, 105 (10.4%) reported for medical screening because they stated that they had an injury or could not pass a physical fitness test. After screening, 76 (72%) were found to have physical restrictions that would limit their ability to fully participate in training. The injured soldiers were referred for and received medical intervention. Of the total number of soldiers screened, 97 (92%) were able to complete their training, pass a physical fitness test, and graduate on time. This study documents the use and benefits of a brief musculoskeletal screening examination for individual entry training soldiers. C1 Kenner Army Hlth Clin, Ft Lee, VA 23801 USA. RP Smith, KC (reprint author), Kenner Army Hlth Clin, 700 24th St, Ft Lee, VA 23801 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 92 EP 97 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125XE UT WOS:000243476000020 ER PT J AU Bliese, PD Stetz, MC AF Bliese, Paul D. Stetz, Melba C. TI Modeling the effects of efficacy, justice, and conflict among reservists activated for homeland defense SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE; SELF-EFFICACY; PROCEDURAL JUSTICE; JOB CONTROL; WORK; MULTILEVEL; STRESSORS; SATISFACTION; COMMITMENT; PREDICTOR AB We proposed that issues surrounding job-related self-efficacy, procedural justice, and intragroup conflict are likely to be present in nearly all activations and mobilizations of National Guard and Reserve soldiers. Using an occupational stress framework, we developed a theoretical model for how these variables would interact and impact reservist job satisfaction and well-being. We tested the model using longitudinal data collected from 105 Reservists activated and mobilized after September 11, 2001 for homeland defense. Our central proposition was that perceptions of procedural justice in the early months of the mobilization would have important indirect carry-over effects in terms of soldiers' follow-on job satisfaction and well-being. Specifically, we proposed that procedural justice, self-efficacy, and intragroup conflict would show a 3-way interaction such that self-efficacy would display a buffering effect only when accompanied by high procedural justice. Results supported our theoretical proposition. Practical implications are discussed. C1 USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Heidelberg, Germany. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Headquarters, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bliese, PD (reprint author), ATTN Commander, Resp Med Unit, CMR 442, APO, AE 09042 USA. EM paul.bliese@us.army.mil NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 27 EP 43 PG 17 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 163LA UT WOS:000246160000003 ER PT J AU Barnett, JS AF Barnett, John S. TI How training affects soldier attitudes and behaviors toward digital command and control systems SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTOMATION; TRUST AB This study explores how classroom training affects soldier's behaviors and attitudes towards networked digital command and control systems; in particular, whether soldiers exhibited the same attitudes and behaviors towards these automated systems that have been seen in other areas. A set of questionnaires was administered to soldiers attending training for a digital system; 1 before and 1 after training. The participants were 24 enlisted and 12 officers. The questionnaire assessed soldier opinions and attitudes towards a specific digital system. Soldier responses before and after training were compared to assess the effect of training. Results suggest soldiers generally feel digital systems are useful and worth the additional effort required to learn to use them. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Barnett, JS (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, 12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM john.barnett1@us.army.mil NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 45 EP 59 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 163LA UT WOS:000246160000004 ER PT J AU Wisecarver, MM Carpenter, TD Kilcullen, RN AF Wisecarver, Michelle M. Carpenter, Tara D. Kilcullen, Robert N. TI Capturing interpersonal performance in a latent performance model SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOB-PERFORMANCE AB Interpersonal skills are listed as 1 of the 7 critical skills for soldiers in the future (Cox, DeRoche, & Leibrecht, 2001) and they are highly important for success in special operations specialties such as Special Forces as well as for success in leadership positions. Factor analytic research of performance dimensions supports the concept that interpersonal task performance is a unique dimension of performance (e.g., Distefano & Pryer, 1986; Pulakos, Borman, & Hough, 1988). Latent models of job performance, however, have not necessarily separated the technical dimension of task performance from an interpersonal dimension of task performance (e.g. Campbell, McCloy, Oppler, & Sager, 1993) Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the fit of the Campbell et al. (1993) model with a modified model that also included an interpersonal task performance dimension. Results demonstrated that inclusion of a unique latent dimension for interpersonal task performance improved the fit of the model to data from a job with a high requirement for interpersonal performance. The implications of these results for understanding and summarizing performance are discussed., C1 USA, Res Inst, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. Fed Management Partners Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Wisecarver, MM (reprint author), USA, Res Inst, 2511 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM Michelle.Wisecarver@hqda.army.mil NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 83 EP 101 PG 19 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 173RE UT WOS:000246889400002 ER PT J AU McBride, SA Merullo, DJ Johnson, RE Banderet, LE Robinson, RT AF McBride, Sharon A. Merullo, Donna J. Johnson, Richard. E. Banderet, Louis E. Robinson, Reginald T. TI Performance during a 3-hour simulated sentry duty task under varied work rates and secondary task demands SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUSTAINED ATTENTION; VIGILANCE TASK; STRESS AB The performance of 14 soldiers was evaluated during 3 hr of simulated sentry duty when (a) the primary work rate was varied and (b) participants were required to intermittently perform a simple secondary task. Performance measurements included latency to detect a target, number of correct target detections, correct friend versus foe identification, targets hit, and latency to respond to the presentation of a continuous tone (secondary task). Activity monitors measured motor activity during study participation. During higher work rate sessions, participants responded to the appearance of a target more quickly; discriminated friend from foe more accurately, and hit more foe targets. The addition of a simple auditory task to the primary task did not affect performance on any of the sentry duty measures. These findings demonstrated that moderate increases in task engagement, or work rate, improved most performance metrics on a long duration (3-hr), militarily relevant vigilance task. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP McBride, SA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Bldg 503,503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Sharon.McBride@us.army.ml NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 103 EP 117 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 173RE UT WOS:000246889400003 ER PT J AU Abouchacra, KS Letowski, T Mermagen, T AF Abouchacra, Kim S. Letowski, Tomasz Mermagen, Timothy TI Detection and localization of magazine insertion clicks in various environmental noises SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUND LOCALIZATION; SPEECH AB The early detection and accurate localization of threatening sounds is vital for the survival of military personnel. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the detection, localization, and response time to an M-16 rifle magazine insertion click in three background conditions: jungle, pink, and ambient noise. The level of the click varied from-18 to 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Reported results indicate that detection rates of 50, 70, and 100% required SNRs of-6 to-12,-3, and 0 dB, respectively. Localization accuracy of 50 and 80% within a 15 degrees angle required SNRs of about-6 and 0 dB, respectively; 100% accuracy was never achieved. Response time was about 2.0-2.5 s for high SNRs but increased gradually at poorer SNRs. The military relevance of the reported findings is discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, AMSRD ARL HR, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Letowski, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, AMSRD ARL HR, Bldg 52,Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM trl2@arl.army.mil NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 197 EP 216 PG 20 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 207XG UT WOS:000249283800004 ER PT S AU Luo, Y Gelmont, BL Woolard, DL AF Luo, Ying Gelmont, Boris L. Woolard, Dwight L. BE Seminario, JM TI Bio-molecular devices for terahertz frequency sensing SO MOLECULAR AND NANO ELECTRONICS: ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND SIMULATION SE Theoretical and Computational Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; ALL-TRANS; SURFACES; DNA; NANOSTRUCTURES; SPECTROSCOPY; MONOLAYERS; SIGNATURES C1 [Luo, Ying; Gelmont, Boris L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Woolard, Dwight L.] USA, Res Lab, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Luo, Y (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM dwight.woolard@us.army.mil NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-7323 BN 978-0-08-046583-8 J9 THEOR COMPU CHEM PY 2007 VL 17 BP 55 EP 81 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCQ98 UT WOS:000311049400003 ER PT J AU Kulik, L Fleming, SD Moratz, C Tsokos, GC Holers, VM AF Kulik, L. Fleming, S. D. Moratz, C. Tsokos, G. C. Holers, V. M. TI Natural IgM antibodies that recognize phospholipids or the lipid-binding protein annexin IV cause intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in Rag1(-/-) mice SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st International Complement Workshop CY OCT 22-26, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Immunol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1-3 SI SI MA 119 BP 199 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.07.124 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 096WV UT WOS:000241408400136 ER PT J AU Nardai, G Basta, M Rosivall, L Tsokos, G Szebeni, J AF Nardai, Gabor Basta, Milan Rosivall, Laszlo Tsokos, George Szebeni, Janos TI Kinetics of complement activation in patients with trauma: Association with clinical correlates SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st International Complement Workshop CY OCT 20-27, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD USA. Natl Inst Trauma, Budapest, Hungary. NINDS, Neuronal Excitabil Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Nephrol Res Grp, Budapest, Hungary. Semmelweis Univ, Fac Med, Inst Pathophysiol, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary. Bay Nano Inst, Dept Nanomed, Miskolc, Hungary. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1-3 SI SI MA 162 BP 218 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.07.167 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 096WV UT WOS:000241408400179 ER PT J AU Whipple, EC Ditto, AH Shanahan, RS Gatesman, JJ Little, SF Taylor, RP Lindorfer, MA AF Whipple, Emily C. Ditto, Andrew H. Shanahan, Ryan S. Gatesman, Jeremy J. Little, Stephen F. Taylor, Ronald P. Lindorfer, Margaret A. TI Low doses of antigen coupled to anti-CR2 mAbs induce rapid and enduring IgG immune responses in mice and in cynomolgus monkeys SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE B lymphocytes; complement; anthrax protective antigen; antigen presentation; vaccination ID FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; ZONE B-CELLS; HUMAN GAMMA-GLOBULIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MARGINAL ZONE; COMPLEMENT RECEPTORS; ANTHRAX VACCINE; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; MOLECULAR ADJUVANT; FC-RECEPTORS AB The complement system and B cell complement receptor 2 (CR2), specific for C component C3dg, play important roles in both the innate and adaptive immune response. We used hapten and protein conjugates of anti-CR2 mAbs as models for C3dg-opsonized antigens and immune complexes to examine the handling of and immune response to these reagents in mice and in non-human primates (NHP). Mice immunized and boosted i.v. with only 100 ng of Alexa 488 rat anti-mouse CR1/2 mAb 7G6 had strong IgG immune responses to the Alexa 488 hapten and to rat IgG, compared to very weak immune responses in mice treated with a comparable isotype control; larger doses of Alexa 488 mAb 7G6 did not increase the immune response. A vaccine constructed by cross-linking anthrax protective antigen to mAb 7G6 proved to be effective at low doses in generating sufficiently high titer serum IgG antibodies to neutralize anthrax lethal toxin in vitro and to protect mice from i.v. challenge with anthrax lethal toxin. When biotinylated HB135, a mouse mAb specific for human CR2, was injected i.v. into NHP, the probe manifested the same initial marginal zone B cell binding and subsequent localization to follicular dendritic cells as we have previously reported for comparable experiments in mice. Moreover, i.v. immunization of NHP with 1 mu g/kg of Alexa 488 mAb HB135 promoted an IgG immune response to the Alexa 488 hapten and to mouse IgG. Taken together, these results demonstrate the efficacy of using anti-CR2 mAbs as antigen carriers for i.v. immunization with small amounts of antigens without adjuvant. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Comparat Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Lindorfer, MA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM mal9e@virginia.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01-AR-43307] NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 377 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.02.032 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 097PR UT WOS:000241460900013 PM 16631928 ER PT S AU Stagl, KC Salas, E Rosen, MA Priest, HA Burke, CS Goodwin, GF Johnston, JH AF Stagl, Kevin C. Salas, Eduardo Rosen, Michael A. Priest, Heather A. Burke, C. Shawn Goodwin, Gerald F. Johnston, Joan H. BE Dansereau, F Yammarino, FJ TI DISTRIBUTED TEAM PERFORMANCE: A MULTI-LEVEL REVIEW OF DISTRIBUTION, DEMOGRAPHY, AND DECISION MAKING SO MULTI-LEVEL ISSUES IN ORGANIZATIONS AND TIME SE Research in Multi Level Issues LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION; DEEP-LEVEL DIVERSITY; VIRTUAL TEAMS; TASK-PERFORMANCE; RELATIONAL DEMOGRAPHY; INFORMATION ORDER; E-LEADERSHIP; WORK GROUPS; REAL-TIME; ENVIRONMENTS AB Distributed performance arrangements are increasingly used by organizations to structure dyadic and team interactions. Unfortunately, distributed teams are no panacea. This chapter reviews some of the advantages and disadvantages associated with the geographical and temporal distribution of team members. An extended discussion of the implications of distributed team performance for individual, team, and organizational decision making is provided, with particular attention paid to selected cultural factors. Best practices and key points are advanced for those stakeholders charged with offsetting the performance decrements in decision making that can result from distribution and culture. C1 [Salas, Eduardo] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Goodwin, Gerald F.] USA, Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Salas, Eduardo; Burke, C. Shawn] Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Rosen, Michael A.] Univ Cent Florida, Appl Expt & Human Factors Psychol Program, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Goodwin, Gerald F.] USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, LDRU, Washington, DC USA. NR 120 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 1475-9144 BN 978-0-7623-1434-8 J9 RES MULTI LEVEL ISS PY 2007 VL 6 BP 11 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S1475-9144(07)06001-8 PG 48 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA BOH90 UT WOS:000276682700002 ER PT S AU Stagl, KC Salas, E Rosen, MA Priest, HA Burke, CS Goodwin, GF Johnston, JH AF Stagl, Kevin C. Salas, Eduardo Rosen, Michael A. Priest, Heather A. Burke, C. Shawn Goodwin, Gerald F. Johnston, Joan H. BE Dansereau, F Yammarino, FJ TI DISTRIBUTED TEAM PERFORMANCE: CONTINUING THE DIALOGUE SO MULTI-LEVEL ISSUES IN ORGANIZATIONS AND TIME SE Research in Multi Level Issues LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHALLENGES AB Stagl, Salas, Rosen, Priest, Burke, Goodwin, and Johnston (this volume) conducted a review of distributed team performance and discussed some of the implications of distributed, multicultural operations for individual, team, and organizational decision making. Expanding upon Stagl and colleagues' discussion, Alutto (this volume), and Coovert and Burke (this volume) provided thought-provoking commentary on these issues. The current note briefly responds to some of the questions posed and comments made by Alutto, Coovert, and Burke and concludes by calling for a continued dialogue by all stakeholders concerned with fostering effective distributed teams. C1 [Salas, Eduardo] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Rosen, Michael A.] Univ Cent Florida, Appl Expt & Human Factors Psychol Program, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Salas, Eduardo; Burke, C. Shawn] Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Goodwin, Gerald F.] USA, Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Goodwin, Gerald F.] USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, LDRU, Washington, DC USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 1475-9144 BN 978-0-7623-1434-8 J9 RES MULTI LEVEL ISS PY 2007 VL 6 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S1475-9144(07)06004-3 PG 9 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA BOH90 UT WOS:000276682700005 ER PT J AU Shearer, JF AF Shearer, Judy F. TI Some observations concerning microsclerotia and spore production of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris in culture SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE fungus; microsclerotia; sporulation ID FUNGAL PATHOGEN; HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AB Some interesting growth characteristics of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris were discovered while evaluating the fungus as a potential bioherbicide for management of the submersed macrophyte, Hydrilla verticillata. Microsclerotia were produced readily in a liquid culture medium containing a basal salts solution supplemented with corn steep liquor powder and glucose. Dried microsclerotia were capable of germinating hyphally within 24 h and sporogenically within 72 h. Initiation of spore production was not dependent on the presence of host plant material or light. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Shearer, JF (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Judy.F.Shearer@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 88 EP 90 DI 10.3852/mycologia.99.1.88 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 178PQ UT WOS:000247233000010 PM 17663126 ER PT S AU Ruffin, PB Holt, JC Mullins, JH Hudson, T Rock, J AF Ruffin, Paul B. Holt, James C. Mullins, James H. Hudson, Tracy Rock, Janice BE Varadan, VK TI MEMS-based phased arrays for army applications SO NANOSENSORS, MICROSENSORS, AND BIOSENSORS AND SYSTEMS 2007 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanosensors, Microsensors, and Biosensors and Systems 2007 CY MAR 21-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE RF and optical beam steering; MEMS-based phased Arrays; RF MEMS phase shifters; micro lens Arrays ID TECHNOLOGY AB The Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) initiated a research and development project several years ago to develop Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)-based phased arrays to provide rapid beam steering for sensors, optical and Radio Frequency (R-F) missile seekers, and RF communication links. In particular, the joint AMRDEC/Army Research Laboratory (ARL) project, which leverages low-cost phased array components developed under the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Low Cost Cruise Missile Defense (LCCMD) project, is developing RF switches, phase shifters, and passive phased sub-arrays to provide a fast scanning capability for pointing, acquisition, tracking, and data communication; and rugged, optical MEMS-based phased arrays to be employed in small volume, low-cost Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) seekers. The current status of the project is disclosed in this paper. Critical technical challenges, which include design and fabrication of the RE switches and phase shifters, design and fabrication of micro lens arrays, control of beam steering, scanning angular resolution and array losses, are discussed. Our approach to overcoming the technical barriers and achieving required performance is also discussed. Finally, the validity of a MEMS technology approach against competing low cost technologies is presented. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, AMSRD, AMR, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Ruffin, PB (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, AMSRD, AMR, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM paul.ruffin@us.army.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6649-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6528 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BGK08 UT WOS:000247873300001 ER PT J AU Petrikovics, I Wales, ME Jaszberenyi, JC Budai, M Baskin, SI Szilasi, M Logue, BA Chapela, P Wild, JR AF Petrikovics, I. Wales, M. E. Jaszberenyi, J. C. Budai, M. Baskin, S. I. Szilasi, M. Logue, B. A. Chapela, Patricia Wild, J. R. TI Enzyme-based intravascular defense against organophosphorus neurotoxins: Synergism of dendritic-enzyme complexes with 2-PAM and atropine SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Organophosphorus Acid Anhydrolase (OPAA); Organophosphorus Hydrolase (OPH); Organophosphorus antagonism; Dendritic polymers; nanocapsules ID PARATHION HYDROLASE GENE; PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ACID ANHYDROLASE; HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; STARBURST DENDRIMERS; HYDROLYZING ENZYME; PAMAM DENDRIMERS; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; EXPRESSION AB Novel, enzyme-complexed, nano-delivery systems have been developed to antagonize the lethal effects of organophosphorus (OP) molecules such as diisopropylfluorophosphate and paraoxon. Polymeric nanocapsules can be used to deliver metabolizing enzymes to the circulation, often increasing the enzyme's efficacy by extending their circulatory life and, in some cases, enhancing their specific activity. The bacterial enzymes organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) and organophosphorus anhydrolase (OPAA) were encapsulated within a nanocapsule, polyoxazoline-based dendritic polymer carrier and employed in combination with the OP antagonists pralidoxime (2-PAM) and atropine. The effective doses for OPH and OPAA, respectively, were 500-550 and 1500-1650 units/kg mice; the size of the entire complex is approximately 200 nm in diameter. These studies compare the efficacy of the two enzymes as prophylactic systems encapsulated within the dendritic polymer. When used in combination with 2-PAM and atropine, the dendritic encapsuled OPAA provided a 25 x LD50 protection against DFP intoxication, while the similarly constructed OPH complex showed a more dramatic protection (780 x LD50) against paraoxon intoxication in Balb/c mice. The studies demonstrate a synergistic enhancement of the antagonist, since the antidotal protection of 2-PAM + atropine against DFP and paraoxon is approximately 8 and 60 x LD50, respectively. C1 [Petrikovics, I.; Chapela, Patricia] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Chem, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. [Wales, M. E.; Wild, J. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Budai, M.] Semmelweis Univ, Dept Pharmaceut, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary. [Jaszberenyi, J. C.] Tech Univ Technol & Econ, Budapest, Hungary. [Baskin, S. I.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Szilasi, M.] Univ Med Sch, Debrecen, Hungary. [Logue, B. A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Petrikovics, I (reprint author), Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Chem, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. EM ixp004@shsu.edu FU Texas A&M University, NATO [977579]; U. S. Army Research Office Scientific Services Program [DAAD19-02-D-00010878]; US Army Medical Research Materiel Command [DAMD 1700-2-0010]; National Institute of Health [5UO1 NSO58035-02] FX The authors are thankful to Dr Ray Yinn (ANP Technologies, Inc. 824 Interchange Boulevard, Newark, DE 19711). for providing the polyoxazoline-based dentritic polymers for these studies. These studies were supported by research funds from Texas A&M University, NATO (NATO Linkage Grant #: 977579) andU. S. ArmyMedical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (Dr Gary A. Rockwood) under the auspices of the U. S. Army Research Office Scientific Services Program administered by Battelle (Delivery Order 0504 Contract No. DAAD19-02-D-00010878), the US Army Medical Research Materiel Command (Cooperative Agreement # DAMD 1700-2-0010), and from National Institute of Health (Grant #: 5UO1 NSO58035-02). NR 50 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1743-5390 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1080/17435390500128271 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA 363WA UT WOS:000260296600002 ER PT J AU Sonna, LA Sawka, MN Lilly, CM AF Sonna, Larry A. Sawka, Michael N. Lilly, Craig M. TI Exertional heat illness and human gene expression SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF HYPERTHERMIA SE PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE gene expression; exercise; heat injury; heat stroke; genomics; microarrays; peripheral blood mononuclear cells; heat shock proteins; cellular stress response ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; KAPPA-B-ALPHA; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; SHOCK PROTEINS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; ENDURANCE EXERCISE; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE AB Microarray analysis of gene expression at the level of RNA has generated new insights into the relationship between cellular responses to acute heat shock in vitro, exercise, and exertional heat illness. Here we discuss the systemic physiology of exertional hyperthermia and exertional heat illness, and compare the results of several recent microarray studies performed in vitro on human cells subjected to heat shock and in vivo on samples obtained from subjects performing exercise or suffering from exertional heat injury. From these comparisons, a concept of overlapping component responses emerges. Namely, some of the gene expression changes observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during exertional heat injury can be accounted for by normal cellular responses to heat, exercise, or both; others appear to be specific to the disease state itself. If confirmed in future studies, these component responses might provide a better understanding of adaptive and pathological responses to exercise and exercise-induced hyperthermia, help find new ways of identifying individuals at risk for exertional heat illness, and perhaps even help find rational molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA. RP Sonna, LA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM larry_sonna@yahoo.com FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL-080073, HL072114] NR 86 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0079-6123 J9 PROG BRAIN RES PY 2007 VL 162 BP 321 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)62016-5 PG 26 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BGY46 UT WOS:000251354900016 PM 17645926 ER PT J AU Leon, LR AF Leon, Lisa R. TI Heat stroke and cytokines SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF HYPERTHERMIA SE PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE heat stroke; heat stress; heat injury; hyperthermia; hypothermia; interleukin; tumor necrosis factor ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; MONOCYTE PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY; MURINE PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; SHOCK-PROTEIN EXPRESSION; CRITICAL THERMAL MAXIMUM; FACTOR-ALPHA EXPRESSION; GENE KNOCKOUT MICE AB Heat stroke is a life-threatening illness that affects all segments of society, including the young, aged, sick, and healthy. The recent high death toll in France (Dorozynski, 2003) and the death of high-profile athletes has increased public awareness of the adverse effects of heat injury. However, the etiology of the long-term consequences of this syndrome remains poorly understood such that preventive/treatment strategies are needed to mitigate its debilitating effects. Cytokines are important modulators of the acute phase response (APR) to stress, infection, and inflammation. Current data implicating cytokines in heat stroke responses are mainly from correlation studies showing elevated plasma levels in heat stroke patients and experimental animal models. Correlation data fall far short of revealing the mechanisms of cytokine actions such that additional research to determine the role of these endogenous substances in the heat stroke syndrome is required. Furthermore, cytokine determinations have occurred mainly at end-stage heat stroke, such that the role of these substances in progression and long-term recovery is poorly understood. Despite several studies implicating cytokines in heat stroke pathophysiology, few studies have examined the protective effect(s) of cytokine antagonism on the morbidity and mortality of heat stroke. This is particularly surprising since heat stroke responses resemble those observed in the endotoxemic syndrome, for which a role for endogenous cytokines has been strongly implicated. The implication of cytokines as mediators of endotoxemia and the presence of circulating endotoxin in heat stroke patients suggests that much knowledge can be gained from applying our current understanding of enclotoxemic pathophysiology to the study of heat stroke. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved proteins that function as molecular chaperones for denatured proteins and reciprocally modulate cytokine production in response to stressful stimuli. HSPs have been shown repeatedly to confer protection in heat stroke and injury models. Interactions between HSPs and cytokines have received considerable attention in the literature within the last decade such that a complex pathway of interactions between cytokines, HSPs, and endotoxin is thought to be occurring in vivo in the orchestration of the APR to heat injury. These data suggest that much of the pathophysiologic changes observed with heat stroke are not a consequence of heat exposure, per se, but are representative of interactions among these three (and presumably additional) components of the innate immune response. This chapter will provide an overview of current knowledge regarding cytokine, HSP, and endotoxin interactions in heat stroke pathophysiology. Insight is provided into the potential therapeutic benefit of cytokine neutralization for mitigation of heat stroke morbidity and mortality based on our current understanding of their role in this syndrome. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Leon, LR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM lisa.r.leon@us.army.mil NR 302 TC 33 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0079-6123 J9 PROG BRAIN RES PY 2007 VL 162 BP 481 EP 524 DI 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)62024-4 PG 44 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BGY46 UT WOS:000251354900024 PM 17645934 ER PT J AU Picchioni, D Hope, CR Harsh, JR AF Picchioni, Dante Hope, Chris R. Harsh, John R. TI A case-control study of the environmental risk factors for narcolepsy SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE narcolepsy; cataplexy; environmental risk factor; stress; infectious diseases ID SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; CANINE NARCOLEPSY; CATAPLEXY; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; STRESS; BIRTH; TWINS; CONCORDANT; DISORDER AB Background: Despite the acknowledged importance of environmental risk factors in the etiology of narcolepsy, there is little research on this topic. This study sought to fill this gap in the literature and assess the risk of stressors and infectious diseases using a case-control study. Methods: Cases (n = 63) were recruited through the Stanford Center for Narcolepsy. All were HLA-DQB1*0602 positive, met conventional Multiple Sleep Latency Test criteria, and reported unambiguous cataplexy. Controls (n = 63) were nonrelated family members of cases and local community members. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the frequency and timing of possible risk factors. Results: Of the infectious diseases examined, only flu infections and unexplained fevers carried a significant risk. Several of the stressors carried a significant risk including a major change in sleeping habits. When the timing of all risk factors was considered, exposure prior to puberty increased the risk for developing narcolepsy. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of environmental risk factors in the etiology of narcolepsy. This highlights the need for further research on this aspect of narcolepsy so a complete understanding of a disorder that affects 1 in 2,000 individuals can emerge. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 [Picchioni, Dante] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Dept Behav Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Picchioni, Dante; Hope, Chris R.; Harsh, John R.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Psychol, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Picchioni, D (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Dept Behav Biol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dante.picchioni@amedd.army.mil NR 42 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 14 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1159/000111581 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 251PG UT WOS:000252385100007 PM 18043003 ER PT J AU Newmark, J AF Newmark, Jonathan TI Nerve agents SO NEUROLOGIST LA English DT Review DE nerve agent; chemical warfare agent; cholinergic crisis; sarin; tabun; soman; VX ID SOMAN-INDUCED SEIZURES; TOKYO SUBWAY ATTACK; ANTICONVULSANT TREATMENT; GUINEA-PIGS; HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; SARIN; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; MANIFESTATIONS; INTERMEDIATE; PROTECTION AB Background: Nerve agents, the deadliest of the classic chemical warfare agents, primarily function as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and cause a rapidly progressive cholinergic crisis. Originally developed for battlefield use, they have been used in terrorist attacks and are considered threats to the civilian population. Review Summary: The pathophysiology and clinical presentation of acute nerve agent poisoning are summarized and acute treatment protocols reviewed. Timely support and antidotal treatment are crucial and may be lifesaving. Pyridostigmine bromide, recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a pretreatment for soman poisoning, forms part of battlefield doctrine but is unlikely to be used in the civilian sector. Aside from that, civilian recommendations for acute therapy derive, with only minor modifications, from military doctrine. Conclusion: Neurologists should familiarize themselves with the pathophysiology and treatment principles for the syndromes caused by nerve agents, not only to assist with the hospital care of these patients but also to serve as resources to their local medical communities in preparation for chemical terrorism. Because nerve agents injure the nervous system, nonneurologists have a right to expect neurologists to have mastered these principles. C1 Joint Program Execut Off Chem Biol Def, Deputy Joint Program Execut Officer Med Syst, Falls Church, VA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Herbert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Newmark, J (reprint author), USA, JPEO CBD, Skyline 2,Suite 1609,5203 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EM jonathan.newmark@us.artny.mil NR 58 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1074-7931 J9 NEUROLOGIST JI Neurologist PD JAN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 20 EP 32 DI 10.1097/01.nrl.0000252923.04894.53 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 123ML UT WOS:000243299900004 PM 17215724 ER PT J AU van Wassenhove, V Grant, KW Poeppel, D AF van Wassenhove, Virginie Grant, Ken W. Poeppel, David TI Temporal window of integration in auditory-visual speech perception SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE McGurk illusion; multisensory; time; psychophysics; analysis-by-synthesis ID VOICE ONSET TIME; SENSORY MEMORY; CORTEX; SOUND; HEARING; SIMULTANEITY; ORGANIZATION; RECOGNITION; CONSTRAINTS; INFORMATION AB Forty-three normal hearing participants were tested in two experiments, which focused on temporal coincidence in auditory visual (AV) speech perception. In these experiments, audio recordings of /pa/ and /ba/ were dubbed onto video recordings of /ba/ or /ga/, respectively (A(p)V(k), A(b)V(g)), to produce the illusory "fusion" percepts /ta/, or /da/ [McGurk, H., & McDonald, J. (1976). Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature, 264, 746-747]. In Experiment 1, an identification task using McGurk pairs with asynchronies ranging from -467 ms (auditory lead) to +467 ms was conducted. Fusion responses were prevalent over temporal asynchronies from -30 ms to +170 ms and more robust for audio tags. In Experiment 2, simultaneity judgments for incongruent and congruent audiovisual tokens (A(d)V(d), A(t)V(t)) were collected. McGurk pairs were more readily judged as asynchronous than congruent pairs. Characteristics of the temporal window over which simultaneity and fusion responses were maximal were quite similar, suggesting the existence of a 200 ms duration asymmetric bimodal temporal integration window. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Audio Visual Speech Recognit Lab, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Linguist, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP van Wassenhove, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90096 USA. EM vvw@caltech.edu RI Van Wassenhove, Virginie/F-4129-2010 OI Van Wassenhove, Virginie/0000-0002-2569-5502 FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC 0463801, DC 05660] NR 59 TC 216 Z9 216 U1 3 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0028-3932 J9 NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA JI Neuropsychologia PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 598 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.001 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 135KR UT WOS:000244153000016 PM 16530232 ER PT S AU Dodge, RC Bertram, C Ragsdale, D AF Dodge, Ronald C., Jr. Bertram, Corey Ragsdale, Daniel BE Venter, H Eloff, M Labuschagne, L Eloff, J VonSolms, R TI Remote virtual information assurance network SO NEW APPROACHES FOR SECURITY, PRIVACY AND TRUST IN COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Information Security Conference CY MAY 14-16, 2007 CL Sandton, SOUTH AFRICA SP IFIP TC 11 AB The use of virtualization technologies to increase the capacity and utilization of laboratory resources is widely used in classroom environments using several workstation based virtualization products. These virtual networks are often "air gapped" to prevent the inadvertent release of malware. This implementation however requires users to be in the classroom. A novel extension on this concept is to design the infrastructure to support remote access to the virtual machine(s) using virtual server applications, while maintaining the complete isolation of the virtual networks. C1 [Dodge, Ronald C., Jr.; Ragsdale, Daniel] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Bertram, Corey] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Dodge, RC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM ronald.dodge@usma.edu; qr7@gwu.edu; daniel.ragsdale@usma.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-5736 BN 978-0-387-72366-2 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2007 VL 232 BP 485 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGG50 UT WOS:000246676500045 ER PT S AU Anastasi, RF Madams, EI Seebo, JP Smith, SW Lomness, JK Hintze, PE Kammerer, CC Winfree, WP Russell, RW AF Anastasi, Robert F. Madams, Eric I. Seebo, Jeffrey P. Smith, Stephen W. Lomness, Janice K. Hintze, Paul E. Kammerer, Catherine C. Winfree, William P. Russell, Richard W. BE Wu, HF Diaz, AA Shull, PJ TI Terahertz NDE application for corrosion detection and evaluation under shuttle tiles - art. no. 65310W SO Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security 2007 CY MAR 20-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE terahertz; nondestructive evaluation; corrosion ID TIME AB Pulsed Terahertz NDE is being examined as a method to inspect for possible corrosion under Space Shuttle Tiles. Other methods such as ultrasonics, infrared, eddy current and microwave technologies have demonstrable shortcomings for tile NDE. This work applies Terahertz NDE, in the frequency range between 50 GHz and 1 THz, for the inspection of manufactured corrosion samples. The samples consist of induced corrosion spots that range in diameter (2.54 to 15.2 mm) and depth (0.036 to 0.787 mm) in an aluminum substrate material covered with tiles. Results of these measurements are presented for known corrosion flaws both covered and uncovered and for blind tests with unknown corrosion flaws covered with attached tiles. The Terahertz NDE system is shown to detect all artificially manufactured corrosion regions under a Shuttle tile with a depth greater than 0.13 mm. C1 USA, Res Lab, NASA,AMSRD,ARL,VT,SM,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Langley Res Ctr,Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Anastasi, RF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, NASA,AMSRD,ARL,VT,SM,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Langley Res Ctr,Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. OI Hintze, Paul/0000-0002-9962-2955 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6652-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6531 BP W5310 EP W5310 AR 65310W DI 10.1117/12.715128 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK43 UT WOS:000247961500026 ER PT S AU Rudin, S Bellotti, E Garrett, GA Wraback, M AF Rudin, S. Bellotti, E. Garrett, G. A. Wraback, M. GP IEEE TI Hot carrier dynamics and coherent effects in GaN under short laser pulse excitation SO NUSOD '07: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES SE International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD '07) CY SEP 24-27, 2007 CL Univ Delaware, Newark, DE HO Univ Delaware AB The fast carrier dynamics in GaN under short laser pulse excitation is investigated theoretically, using a density matrix approach, and experimentally, using time-resolved photoluminescence. The rise time of the photoluminescence is determined by carrier scattering with LO phonons. C1 [Rudin, S.; Garrett, G. A.; Wraback, M.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Bellotti, E.] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA USA. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-3234 BN 978-1-4244-1431-4 J9 INT C NUMER SIMUL PY 2007 BP 3 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BGW85 UT WOS:000251014300002 ER PT J AU Robinson, RD Casablanca, Y Pagano, KE Arthur, NA Bates, GW Propst, AM AF Robinson, Randal D. Casablanca, Yovanni Pagano, Katherine E. Arthur, Nancy A. Bates, G. Wright Propst, Anthony M. TI Intracervical block and pain perception during the performance of a hysterosalpingogram - A randomized controlled trial SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VISUAL ANALOG SCALE; CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE; DOUBLE-BLIND; ANESTHESIA; RELIEF; SCORES AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether an intracervical block of 1% liclocaine decreased pain perception compared with placebo during the performance of a hysterosalpingogram. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 patients assessing pain perception during a hysterosalpingogram. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Patients received either a 1% liclocaine intracervical block, an intracervical saline injection, or no injection. Visual analog (WAS) and qualitative scales were used to assess study participants' pain at six different time points during the hysterosalpingogram. RESULTS: Subjects receiving the liclocaine block had significantly less pain (P <.001) by VAS during tenaculum placement (approximately 61% less, 1.303 cm) and with tenaculum traction (approximately 40% less, 2.804 cm) compared with both the intracervical saline injection group and the no injection group (tenaculum placement, 3.384 cm and 3.354 cm, and tenaculum traction, 4.705cm and 4.961 cm, respectively). There was no improvement seen with pain perception during instillation of the contrast in the lidocaine group compared with the saline or no injection group (P <.073). Subjects who received the saline injection had statistically more pain (P <.001) by VAS (2.647 cm) immediately after the injection compared with the lidocaine (approximately 79% greater, 1.476 cm) and no injection groups (115% greater, 1.232 cm). CONCLUSION: Liclocaine intracervical block provides better pain relief than placebo during tenaculum placement and tenaculum traction during a hysterosalpingogram. This study suggests that patients should be offered an intracervical block before placement of the cervical tenaculum to decrease pain during the performance of a hysterosalpingogram. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Robinson, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM randal.robinson@ackland.af.mil NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000247645.52211.41 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 171YO UT WOS:000246771500013 PM 17197592 ER PT S AU Dunlop, M Gates, C Wong, C Wang, CX AF Dunlop, Matthew Gates, Carrie Wong, Cynthia Wang, Chenxi BE Meersman, R Tari, Z TI SWorD - A simple worm detection scheme SO ON THE MOVE TO MEANINGFUL INTERNET SYSTEMS 2007: COOPIS, DOA, ODBASE, GADA, AND IS, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OTM Confederated International Conference and Workshop CY NOV 25-30, 2007 CL Vilamoura, PORTUGAL AB Detection of fast-spreading Internet worms is a problem for which no adequate defenses exist. In this paper we present a Simple Worm Detection scheme (SWorD). SWorD is designed as a statistical detection method for detecting and automatically filtering fast-spreading TCP-based worms. SWorD is a simple two-tier counting algorithm designed to be deployed on the network edge. The first-tier is a lightweight traffic filter while the second-tier is more selective and rarely invoked. We present results using network traces from both a small and large network to demonstrate SWorD's performance. Our results show that SWorD accurately detects over 75% of all infected hosts within six seconds, making it an attractive solution for the worm detection problem. C1 [Dunlop, Matthew] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Gates, Carrie] CA Labs, Islandia 11749, NY USA. [Wong, Cynthia; Wang, Chenxi] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Dunlop, M (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM matthew.dunlop@usma.edu; carrie.gates@ca.com; cynthiaw@cmu.edu; chenxi@cmu.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-76835-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4804 BP 1752 EP + PN II PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BHG14 UT WOS:000252885300044 ER PT J AU Young-McCaughan, S Arzola, TM Leclerc, KM Shry, EA Sheffler, RL Nowlin, MU Dramiga, SA AF Young-McCaughan, Stacey Arzola, Tonya M. Leclerc, Kenneth M. Shry, Eric A. Sheffler, Robert L. Nowlin, Marilyn U. Dramiga, Stacey A. TI Exercise tolerance 18-months following participation in an exercise program for patients treated for cancer. SO ONCOLOGY NURSING FORUM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA Nurse Coprs, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Geneva Fdn, Tacoma, WA USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, USA Dept Med, Houston, TX USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, USA Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. BSN, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ONCOLOGY NURSING SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 125 ENTERPRISE DR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15275 USA SN 0190-535X J9 ONCOL NURS FORUM JI Oncol. Nurs. Forum PD JAN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 MA 53 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Oncology; Nursing SC Oncology; Nursing GA 125KO UT WOS:000243441000083 ER PT S AU Wang, HCH Zwick, H Edsall, PR Cheramie, RD Lund, DJ Stuck, B AF Wang, Heuy-Ching H. Zwick, Harry Edsall, Peter R. Cheramie, Rachael D. Lund, David J. Stuck, Bruce BE Manns, F Soederberg, PG Ho, A Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI In vivo visualizing the dynamics of bone marrow stem cells in mouse retina and choroidal-retinal circulation - art. no. 642621 SO Ophthalmic Technologies XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY JAN 20-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Alcon DE bone marrow stem cells; neuroprotection; laser-induced retinal injuries; choroidal-retinal circulation; scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) ID NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; LASER INJURY; TRANSPLANTATION; MARKERS; RABBIT; RESIDE; DAMAGE AB It has recently been shown that bone marrow cells can differentiate into various lineage cells including neural cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore it is an attractive therapeutic intervention to apply autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells that may offer neuroprotection to laser-induced retinal injuries. The purpose of this study is to develop a method with which to visualize bone marrow stem cells dynamics in mouse retinal circulation. We have used a physiological method, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO), to track the highly enriched stem/progenitor cells circulating in the retina. Stem cells were enriched by immunomagnetic depletion of cells committed to the T- and B lymphocytic, myeloid and erythorid lineages. CellTracker (TM) Green-labeled stem cells were injected into the tail veins of mice with laser-induced focal retinal injuries. Bone marrow stem cells labeled with CellTracker (TM) Green were visible in the retinal circulation for as long as 1 hour and 30 minutes. These studies suggest that stem cell-enriched bone mar-row cells may have the ability to mobilize into laser-induced retinal injuries and possibly further proliferate, differentiate and functionally integrate into the retina. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Army Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Wang, HCH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Army Med Res Detachment, 7965 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6539-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6426 BP 42621 EP 42621 AR 642621 DI 10.1117/12.711487 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics GA BGF99 UT WOS:000246519000054 ER PT S AU Hacker, HD Brown, J Cheramie, R Stuck, BE AF Hacker, Henry D. Brown, Jeremiah, Jr. Cheramie, Rachel Stuck, Bruce E. BE Manns, F Soederberg, PG Ho, A Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI New approaches to the diagnosis and management of laser eye injury - art. no. 642623 SO Ophthalmic Technologies XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY JAN 20-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Alcon DE laser; retina; retinal injury; neuroprotection; steroids; indomethacin AB The emergence of high resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) along with evidence showing beneficial effects of anti-inflammatory drugs for retinal edema and neovascularization suggests a rational plan for the diagnosis and management of patients with acute laser eye injury. We review the results of recent experiments we conducted to evaluate treatment of laser lesions followed by reports of two cases of acute laser eye injury with foveal involvement. The initial presentation of these cases was notable for the lack of significant abnormalities on fluorescein angiography whereas OCT readily disclosed the size and extent of retinal involvement from exposure to laser energy. Prompt referral of these cases resulted in rapid initiation of medical therapy which included a 10-14 day combined course of steroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication. An initial decrease in Snellen visual acuity of approximately two lines (20/25- to 20/30) was noted on presentation. In both cases, a measurable improvement of visual acuity was noted by two weeks post injury. The use of anti-inflammatory medication may enhance the initial recovery of vision and reduce the likelihood of longer term retinal complications from scarring and neovascularization. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Army Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Hacker, HD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Army Med Res Detachment, 7965 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6539-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6426 BP 42623 EP 42623 AR 642623 DI 10.1117/12.717024 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics GA BGF99 UT WOS:000246519000056 ER PT S AU Zwick, H Lund, DJ Stuck, BE Robbins, DO AF Zwick, H. Lund, D. J. Stuck, B. E. Robbins, D. O. BE Manns, F Soederberg, PG Ho, A Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Acute threshold damage, minimal spot, q-switched exposure effects on focal contrast sensitivity - art. no. 642624 SO Ophthalmic Technologies XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY JAN 20-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Alcon ID RHESUS-MONKEY; LIGHT AB In previous investigations of minimal spot, q-switched laser visible (532 nm) on-line pulsed laser exposure, non-human primate (NHPs) required up to 13 times the retinal damage threshold for the emergence of permanent visual acuity dysfunction. In the present experiment, a Landolt ring contrast sensitivity task, employing 4 NHPs trained on a Landolt ring contrast sensitivity task, was employed to determine the effect of threshold retinal damage (532 nm, 3 microjoules, 20 Hz, PRF) on the slope of the NHP Landolt ring contrast sensitivity function measured under repeated threshold exposure conditions. All four animals initially showed uniform deficits in contrast sensitivity requiring about 6 to 16 min post exposure for complete recovery. Over several months of repeated exposures made in 3 NHPs, a steepening of the contrast sensitivity slopes appeared, manifested by an inability to measure sensitivity for the finest Landolt ring spatial frequencies and an associated enhancement in the mid and lower spatial frequencies. In one animal that had undergone a longer period of repeated threshold laser exposure, the slope of its contrast sensitivity function shifted to a uniform deficit relative to pre exposure with an inability to provide sensitivity measurements above 20 Hz/deg, demonstrating an abrupt loss in the ability to measure the higher spatial frequencies associated with maximal optimal visual acuity. Ophthalmic retinal observations demonstrated the presence of punctate lesions induced by minimal spot foveal exposure. These data support measurements of high contrast acuity undergoing repeated q-switched exposure at damaging levels. While the acuity in such exposure situations eventually undergoes a permanent deficits, measurements of the entire contrast sensitivity function, in which acuity function maybe obtained at and above 60 Hz/deg, may reveal enhanced lower spatial frequency sensitivity as well as permanent a permanent deficits in higher spatial frequencies. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USAMRD, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USAMRD, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6539-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6426 BP 42624 EP 42624 AR 642624 DI 10.1117/12.712237 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics GA BGF99 UT WOS:000246519000057 ER PT S AU Lund, DJ AF Lund, David J. BE Manns, F Soederberg, PG Ho, A Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Repetitive pulses and laser-induced retinal injury thresholds - art. no. 642625 SO Ophthalmic Technologies XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY JAN 20-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Alcon DE laser bioeffects; retinal damage; ocular thresholds; repetitive pulses ID BUBBLE FORMATION; TIME REGIMEN; EXPOSURE; RADIATION; LIMITS; DAMAGE; CELLS AB Experimental studies with repetitively pulsed lasers show that the ED50, expressed as energy per pulse, varies as the inverse fourth power of the number of pulses in the exposure, relatively independently of the wavelength, pulse duration, or pulse repetition frequency of the laser. Models based on a thermal damage mechanism cannot readily explain this result. Menendez et al. proposed a probability-summation model for predicting the threshold for a train of pulses based on the probit statistics for a single pulse. The model assumed that each pulse is an independent trial, unaffected by any other pulse in the train of pulses and assumes that the probability of damage for a single pulse is adequately described by the logistic curve. The requirement that the effect of each pulse in the pulse train be unaffected by the effects of other pulses in the train is a showstopper when the end effect is viewed as a thermal effect with each pulse in the train contributing to the end temperature of the target tissue. There is evidence that the induction of cell death by microcavitation bubbles around melanin granules heated by incident laser irradiation can satisfy the condition of pulse independence as required by the probability summation model. This paper will summarize the experimental data and discuss the relevance of the probability summation model given microcavitation as a damage mechanism. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Army Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Lund, DJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Army Med Res Detachment, 7965 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6539-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6426 BP 42625 EP 42625 AR 642625 DI 10.1117/12.711177 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics GA BGF99 UT WOS:000246519000058 ER PT S AU Zwick, H Edsall, P Jenkins, K Cunningham, R Stuck, BE AF Zwick, H. Edsall, P. Jenkins, K. Cunningham, R. Stuck, B. E. BE Manns, F Soederberg, PG Ho, A Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI NHP spectral sensitivity metric derived from acute laser exposure effects on pursuit motor tracking task - art. no. 64262A SO Ophthalmic Technologies XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY JAN 20-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Alcon AB Intact retinal function provides the visual guidance component for visual motor performance tasks. Laser induced damage to the retina can degrade visual motor performance by limiting the normal retinal input to the motor system for visual motor guidance. Unlike tasks that are based strictly on the availability of normal visual function, visual motor performance may provide a lesser degree of diagnostic evidence of laser induced visual dysfunction in the presence of significant retinal damage. In order to more exactly track the extent of laser induced retinal damage, we have incorporated measurements of spectral sensitivity derived from a Non-Human Primate (NHP) visual pursuit motor tracking task and derived cone spectral sensitivity functions with peaks consistent with NHP cone photoreceptor spectral sensitivity functions. The reciprocal threshold energy levels for each of nine spectral points in the visible spectrum were determined and energy normalized with respect to the maximum energy. Pre-exposure spectral sensitivity functions revealed spectral peaks in regions comparable to the trichromatic cone photoreceptor system peaks. Post exposure spectral sensitivity measurements at exposure levels 2 log units below the retinal damage threshold revealed transient changes in the shape of the peaks in the post exposure spectral sensitivity that persisted up to 4 weeks post exposure. These effects are linked with transient retinal cone dysfunction and possibly with long term neural adaptive mechanisms. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Army Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Army Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6539-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6426 BP A4262 EP A4262 AR 64262A DI 10.1117/12.712227 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics GA BGF99 UT WOS:000246519000063 ER PT S AU Boye, MW Zwick, H Stuck, BE Edsall, PR Akers, A AF Boye, Michael W. Zwick, Harry Stuck, Bruce E. Edsall, Peter R. Akers, Andre BE Manns, F Soederberg, PG Ho, A Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Development of an advanced aidman vision screener (AVS) for selective assessment of outer and inner laser induced retinal injury - art. no. 64262B SO Ophthalmic Technologies XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY JAN 20-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Alcon DE field; vision; test; Aidman; retina; laser; exposure; assessment; development; diagnostic ID CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; MACULAR OCCLUSION; COLOR-VISION; DAMAGE AB The need for tools that can assist in evaluating visual function is an essential and a growing requirement as lasers on the modem battlefield mature and proliferate. The requirement for rapid and sensitive vision assessment under field conditions produced the USAMRD Aidman Vision Screener (AVS), designed to be used as a field diagnostic tool for assessing laser induced retinal damage. In this paper, we describe additions to the AVS designed to provide a more sensitive assessment of laser induced retinal dysfunction. The AVS incorporates spectral LogMar Acuity targets without and with neural opponent chromatic backgrounds. Thus, it provides the capability of detecting selective photoreceptor damage and its functional consequences at the level of both the outer and inner retina. Modifications to the original achromatic AVS have been implemented to detect selective cone system dysfunction by providing LogMar acuity Landolt rings associated with the peak spectral absorption regions of the S (short), M (middle), and L (long) wavelength cone photoreceptor systems. Evaluation of inner retinal dysfunction associated with selective outer cone damage employs LogMar spectral acuity charts with backgrounds that are neurally opponent. Thus, the AVS provides the capability to assess the effect of selective cone dysfunction on the normal neural balance at the level of the inner retinal interactions. Test and opponent background spectra have been optimized by using color space metrics. A minimal number of three AVS evaluations will be utilized to provide an estimate of false alarm level. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Army Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 79235 USA. RP Boye, MW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Army Med Res Detachment, 7965 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 79235 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6539-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6426 BP B4262 EP B4262 AR 64262B DI 10.1117/12.712240 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics GA BGF99 UT WOS:000246519000064 ER PT J AU Hartke, J Dereniak, EL AF Hartke, John Dereniak, Eustace L. TI Snapshot dual-band visible hyperspectral imaging spectrometer SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology CY AUG 02-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE dual band; hyperspectral imaging; imaging spectrometer; computed tomographic imaging spectrometer AB We describe a proof of concept for a snapshot dual-band visible hyperspectral imaging spectrometer. A commercially available digital camera was integrated into a computed tomographic imaging spectrometer to provide a means for this proof of concept. Two spatially coregistered data cubes covering the blue (400 to 500 nm) and red (600 to 700 nm) spectral regions were reconstructed and the results analyzed. We found that the system accurately reconstructs the spectral content of the scene and that the two data cubes are automatically spatially coregistered by virtue of the system design. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hartke, J (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM john.hartke@usma.edu; eustace@optics.arizona.edu NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 AR 013201 DI 10.1117/1.2434348 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 134DZ UT WOS:000244064400005 ER PT S AU Osgood, RM Kimball, BR Carlson, J AF Osgood, Richard M., III Kimball, Brian R. Carlson, Joel BE Myers, DR TI Nanoantenna-coupled MIM nanodiodes for efficient vis/nir energy conversion SO OPTICAL MODELING AND MEASUREMENTS FOR SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Modeling and Measurements for Solar Energy Systems CY AUG 26-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE antenna; diode; rectenna; rectifier; energy conversion; solar power; infrared detector; visible light; nanoantenna; nanodiode; nanorectenna ID ANTENNAS AB Nanoantennas, coupled to rectifying nanodiodes ("rectennas"), could be used for converting broadband visible/near-infrared energy to direct current, and could serve as fast, high-Q infrared detectors at designed wavelengths. We study and model the efficiency of antennas coupled to metal-insulator-metal (MIM) and thermionic emission diodes, over a wide range of incident wavelengths. We find that tuning the antenna's reactance, so that the antenna acts as an inductor and resonantly cancels the diode capacitance, can enhance energy conversion efficiency by more than an order of magnitude above the broadband level, at the resonance frequency. We discuss maximizing the efficiency of a modem rectenna-based broadband energy conversion system, especially in the challenging visible regime, and recommend using nanodiodes with conduction via thermionic emission. We recommend further modeling of and experiments with nanoantennas, in order to calculate total efficiency of the nanorectenna's energy conversion. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Osgood, RM (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, 30 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM richard.m.osgood@us.anny.mil NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6800-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6652 AR 665203 DI 10.1117/12.733168 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BGX02 UT WOS:000251046300003 ER PT J AU Merchiers, O Moreno, F Gonzalez, F Saiz, JM Videen, G AF Merchiers, O. Moreno, F. Gonzalez, F. Saiz, J. M. Videen, G. TI Electromagnetic wave scattering from two interacting small spherical particles. Influence of their optical constants, epsilon and mu SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE multiple scattering; dipole; magnetic permeability; resonance ID EXTINCTION PROPERTIES; LIGHT; BACKSCATTERING; DIPOLES AB In this research, the influence of the optical constants e and p on the scattering patterns of a system consisting of two interacting Rayleigh particles is analyzed. We study specific scattering configurations in which the particles are separated by a fixed distance and where the connecting axis has fixed orientations with respect to the incident electromagnetic field. Multiple scattering effects and how they are affected by the optical properties of the particles are considered. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights,reserved. C1 Univ Cantabria, Dept Fis Aplicada, Grp Opt, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Merchiers, O (reprint author), Univ Cantabria, Dept Fis Aplicada, Grp Opt, Avda Castros, E-39005 Santander, Spain. EM merchieo@unican.es; gvideen@arl.army.mil NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 269 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2006.07.040 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 114MT UT WOS:000242671000001 ER PT S AU Videen, G Ngo, D AF Videen, Gorden Ngo, Dat BE Hoekstra, A Maltsev, V Videen, G TI Light scattering from a cell - A simple analytical case SO OPTICS OF BIOLOGICAL PARTICLES SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Fluorescence and Other Optical Properties of Biological Particles for Biological Warfare Agent Sensors CY OCT 03-06, 2005 CL Novosibirsk, RUSSIA DE cell; light scattering; T-matrix ID RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; DEFORMED DROPLETS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; INCLUSIONS; CLIMATE AB We present a semi-analytical scattering solution for a system resembling a simple cell. The model of the cell includes a spherical cytoplasm surrounded by a concentric cell membrane. Contained within the cytoplasm is a nonconcentric spherical nucleus. Because of the nature of the multi-pole expansion solution, numerical results can be acquired rapidly and accurately. Because of the spherical symmetry of the components, the light-scattering Mueller matrix elements include large amplitude oscillatory structure that may not be present in actual cells. C1 [Videen, Gorden] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Videen, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM gvideen@arl.army.mil; dat@ngo-co.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 978-1-4020-5500-3 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2007 VL 238 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHG59 UT WOS:000252962000001 ER PT S AU Shi, JM Forsythe, EW Morton, DC Dedeian, K Chiu, D Blomquist, SM AF Shi, Jianmin Forsythe, E. W. Morton, D. C. Dedeian, Kenneth Chiu, Dave Blomquist, Steve M. BE Kafafi, ZH So, F TI Organic materials for blue emission OLEDs - art. no. 665509 SO ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light Emitting Materials and Devices XI CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; EFFICIENCY; COMPLEXES; DIODES AB In past couple of decades, organic EL materials with excellent characteristics have been searched and devices operational stability and efficiency has been significantly improved. However, as an emerging technology for the multibillion-dollar flat-panel-display industry, more typically with, continue improvement of liquid crystal displays (LCDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) display technology face many challenges. In particular, organic materials for stable and efficient blue EL emission are one of an important subject of these challenges. In this paper, we will review our efforts in developing the organic materials for blue emission of organic electroluminescent devices after reviewing the history of blue EL materials development in past couple decades. Our efforts in developing the organic materials for blue emission of organic electroluminescent devices will include the following: 1. Fused aromatics fluorescent blue EL materials 2. Mixed cyano-isocyanide cyclometalated iridium complex phosphorescent blue EL materials 3. Exploration of the effects of blue emission stability and efficiency. C1 [Shi, Jianmin; Forsythe, E. W.; Morton, D. C.; Dedeian, Kenneth; Chiu, Dave; Blomquist, Steve M.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD SE EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shi, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD SE EO, 2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6803-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6655 BP 65509 EP 65509 DI 10.1117/12.741875 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHH07 UT WOS:000253181700007 ER PT S AU Wikner, D AF Wikner, David BE Appleby, R Wikner, DA TI Millimeter-wave propagation through a controlled dust environment - art. no. 654803 SO Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology X CY APR 11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE millimeter-wave; propagation; dust; sand; low-visibility; aviation safety AB A one-week experiment was conducted to determine the millimeter-wave transmission loss due to dust. Transmission data was collected at 35, 94, and 217 GHz through a recirculating dust tunnel. Dust clouds of various densities were measured during the experiment. The millimeter-wave measurements were non-coherent, using transmitting sources on one side of the dust tunnel and antenna/detectors on the other. The hardware was designed to minimize noise and drift. Even so, it was found that the transmission loss across the 1-m dust tunnel at high dust densities was lower than could be measured accurately with the equipment. Therefore, the results given are limited to system noise and represent maximum transmission losses at the various frequencies. The results show losses less than 0.02 and 0.08 dB for 94 and 217 GHz respectively across one meter of dust with density 3000 mg/m(3). The actual losses are lower and a long baseline interferometer will be required to determine the loss values precisely. Despite the limitations of the experiment, the data show that millimeter-wave imager performance will not be significantly impacted by even a very dense dust cloud. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wikner, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6670-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6548 BP 54803 EP 54803 AR 654803 DI 10.1117/12.717836 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGL67 UT WOS:000248222600002 ER PT S AU Nasrabadi, NM AF Nasrabadi, Nasser M. BE Ghosh, A De, RK Pal, SK TI Kernel-based spectral matched signal detectors for hyperspectral target detection SO PATTERN RECOGNITION AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence CY DEC 18-22, 2007 CL Calcutta, INDIA SP Indian Stat Inst, Machine Intelligence Univ, ISI Ctr Soft Comp Res, Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, Int Ctr Pure & Appl Math, Web Intelligence Consortium, Yahoo India Res & Dev, Philips Res Asia ID ORTHOGONAL SUBSPACE PROJECTION; CLASSIFICATION; FILTER AB In this paper, we compare several detection algorithms that are based on spectral matched (subspace) filters. Nonlinear (kernel) versions of these spectral matched (subspace) detectors are also discussed and their performance is compared with the linear versions. Several well-known matched detectors, such as matched subspace detector, orthogonal subspace detector, spectral matched filter and adaptive subspace detector (adaptive cosine estimator) are extended to their corresponding kernel versions by using the idea of kernel-based learning theory. In kernel-based detection algorithms the data is implicitly mapped into a high dimensional kernel feature space by a nonlinear mapping which is associated with a kernel function. The detection algorithm is then derived in the feature space which is kernelized in terms of the kernel functions in order to avoid explicit computation in the high dimensional feature space. Experimental results based on real hyperspectral imagery show that the kernel versions of these detectors outperform the conventional linear detectors. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nasrabadi, NM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-77045-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4815 BP 67 EP 76 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHC02 UT WOS:000252140200009 ER PT B AU Lute, JH AF Lute, Jane Holl BE Zartman, IW TI THE ROLE OF FORCE IN PEACEMAKING SO PEACEMAKING IN INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT: METHODS & TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WAR; REFLECTIONS; STATES C1 [Lute, Jane Holl] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. NR 154 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-66-4 PY 2007 BP 419 EP 463 PG 45 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWC18 UT WOS:000293419800012 ER PT J AU Kuperman, RG Phillips, CT Checkai, RT AF Kuperman, Roman G. Phillips, Carlton T. Checkai, Ronald T. TI Toxicity of chemical warfare agent HD (mustard) to the soil microinvertebrate community in natural soils with contrasting properties SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE soil microcosm; soil invertebrate community; chemical warfare; agent HD; toxicity ID CONTAMINATED GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM; ENCHYTRAEUS-CRYPTICUS; ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; FOLSOMIA-CANDIDA; MICROCOSMS; POLLUTANTS AB A microcosm technique was used to determine the ecotoxicity of the chemical warfare agent HD (mustard) to the indigenous soil microinvertebrate communities. HD was thoroughly incorporated into Sassafras sandy loam (SSL) soil (4.9% OM) and an oak-beech forest silt Loam soil (FS, 16% OM) at nominal HD concentrations ranging from 6 to 1076 mg kg(-1). After a 7-day incubation period, microarthropods were extracted from soils using a high-gradient extractor and sorted to Acari suborders Prostigmata, Mesostigmata, and Oribatida, and the insect order Collembola. Nematodes were extracted using Baermann funnels and were sorted into bacterivore, herbivore, fungivore and omnivore/predator trophic groups. Microarthropods were more sensitive to HD in both soil types compared with nematodes. The EC50 vaLues for total numbers of microarthropods in SSL and FS were similar (65 and 71 mg kg(-1), respectively). The EC50 values for total numbers of nematodes were 130 and 235 mg kg(-1), respectivety. Toxicity of HD to nematodes was significantly greater in SSL soil compared to FS, based on 95% confidence intervals. Results show that community-level assessment of chemical toxicity in soil using a microcosm assay is sufficiently robust and can provide the means for validating the ecotoxicity data from standardized Laboratory single-species toxicity tests. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,RT,TE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Kuperman, RG (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,RT,TE, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM roman.kuperman@us.army.mil RI Kuperman, Roman/D-4297-2009; OI Kuperman, Roman/0000-0001-5344-1633 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1016/j.pedobi.2006.10.004 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 126OB UT WOS:000243521200010 ER PT S AU Usikov, A Shapovalova, L Kovalenkov, O Sukhoveev, V Volkova, A Ivantsov, V Dmitriev, V Meng, F Datta, R Mahajan, S Readinger, E Garrett, G Wraback, M Reshchikov, M AF Usikov, Alexander Shapovalova, Lisa Kovalenkov, Oleg Sukhoveev, Vitali Volkova, Anna Ivantsov, Vladimir Dmitriev, Vladimir Meng, Fanyu Datta, Ranjan Mahajan, Subhash Readinger, Eric Garrett, Gregory Wraback, Michael Reshchikov, Michael TI Novel HVPE technology to grow nanometer thick GaN, AlN, AlGaN layers and multi-layered structures SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 4 NO 7 2007 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors 2006 (IWN 2006) CY OCT 22-27, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Kansai Chapter & Solid State Phys & Applicat Div, Japan Soc Soc Promot Sci, 162nd Comm Wide Bandgap Semiconduct Photon & Elect Devices, Kyoto Nanotechnol Cluster, Ritsumeikan Univ, Frontier Semiconduct Nano Elect Ctr, Res Org Sci & Engn, Japan Assoc Crystal Growth, Elect Soc, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Lasers & Quantum Elect & Elect Devices, IEEE Kansai Chapter, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Ritsumeikan Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Japan Inoue Fdn Sci, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol, Japan World Exposit 70, JEC Fund Commemorat Org, Murata Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Fdn, Support Ctr Adv Telecommun Technol Res, Telecommun Advancement Fdn, Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd, NICHIA CORPORAT, NTT Photon Lab, ROHM CO Ltd, TOYODA GOSEK CO Ltd, AIXTRON AG, LayTec GmbH, MARUBUN CORPORAT, Rohm Haas Elect Mat K K, TAIYO NIPPON SANSO Corp ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SUPERLATTICES AB In this paper, we demonstrate new results on controllable HVPE growth of nitride materials with a deposition rate below 0.02 microns per minute and the first quantum size structures fabricated by HVPE. The mm-scale layer thicknesses were verified by transmision electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL). Quantum well (QW) GaN/AlGaN and AIN/AlGaN structures have been grown by HVPE for the first time. Properties of the HVPE grown QWs are reported. (c) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Usikov, Alexander; Shapovalova, Lisa; Kovalenkov, Oleg; Sukhoveev, Vitali; Volkova, Anna; Ivantsov, Vladimir; Dmitriev, Vladimir] Technol & Devices Int Inc, 12214 Pulm Orchard Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Meng, Fanyu; Datta, Ranjan; Mahajan, Subhash] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Mahajan, Subhash; Readinger, Eric; Garrett, Gregory; Wraback, Michael] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Reshchikov, Michael] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Usikov, A (reprint author), Technol & Devices Int Inc, 12214 Pulm Orchard Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. EM usikov@tdii.com OI Volkova, Anna/0000-0002-0090-5438 FU DARPA; DOE FX This work at TDI is partly supported by DARPA and DOE. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2007 VL 4 IS 7 BP 2301 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200674842 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BGK76 UT WOS:000248047600023 ER PT J AU Podeszwa, R Bukowski, R Rice, BM Szalewicz, K AF Podeszwa, Rafal Bukowski, Robert Rice, Betsy M. Szalewicz, Krzysztof TI Potential energy surface for cyclotrimethylene trinitramine dimer from symmetry-adapted perturbation theory SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTION ENERGIES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; AB-INITIO SIMULATION; KOHN-SHAM ORBITALS; DISPERSION ENERGIES; BASIS-SETS; HYDROSTATIC COMPRESSION; RDX; MODEL AB We present a potential energy surface (PES) for the cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) dimer obtained using symmetry-adapted perturbation theory based on the Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) description of the monomers [ SAPT(DFT)]. More than a thousand dimer configurations were computed using an augmented double- zeta- quality basis set supplemented by bond functions. The ab initio interaction energies were used to obtain a six- dimensional analytic fit of the interaction PES. The geometries and energies of the minima on the PES have been found from the fit. The decomposition of the PES into physical components provided by the SAPT(DFT) method has been analyzed. The PES was then used in molecular dynamics simulations of the RDX crystal. The predicted crystal density is in an excellent agreement with experiment. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Cornell Univ, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USA Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Podeszwa, R (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM poszwa@physics.udel.edu NR 53 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 41 BP 5561 EP 5569 DI 10.1039/b709192c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 223JS UT WOS:000250366900006 PM 17957312 ER PT J AU Fewster, CJ Olum, KD Pfenning, MJ AF Fewster, Christopher J. Olum, Ken D. Pfenning, Michael J. TI Averaged null energy condition in spacetimes with boundaries SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-FIELD THEORY; SEMICLASSICAL GRAVITY; NEGATIVE ENERGIES; INEQUALITIES; WORMHOLES AB The averaged null energy condition (ANEC) requires that the average along a complete null geodesic of the projection of the stress-energy tensor onto the geodesic tangent vector can never be negative. It is sufficient to rule out many exotic phenomena in general relativity. Subject to certain conditions, we show that the ANEC can never be violated by a quantized minimally coupled free scalar field along a complete null geodesic surrounded by a tubular neighborhood in which the geometry is flat and whose intrinsic causal structure coincides with that induced from the full spacetime. In particular, the ANEC holds in flat space with boundaries, as in the Casimir effect, for geodesics which stay a finite distance away from the boundary. C1 Univ York, Dept Math, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Cosmol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Fewster, CJ (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Math, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM cjf3@york.ac.uk; kdo@cosmos.phy.tufts.edu; Michael.Pfenning@usma.edu OI Fewster, Christopher John/0000-0001-8915-5321 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 025007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.025007 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 131UQ UT WOS:000243896300088 ER PT J AU Zhou, FP Advani, SG Wetzel, ED AF Zhou, Fuping Advani, Suresh G. Wetzel, Eric D. TI Simulation of slowly dragging a cylinder through a confined pressurized bed of granular materials using the discrete element method SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FLOW; MEDIA; ASSEMBLIES; MECHANICS; MODELS AB A nonlinear spring dash pot model to describe the interaction forces between confined granules under high pressures based on Hertz contact theory is proposed. The discrete element method (DEM) is used to simulate the movement and calculate the normal and tangential contact forces among the granules when a cylinder is dragged through a granular bed at low velocities. The time-dependent, total drag force required to pull the circular cylinder is also calculated and used to compare the effect of material and boundary conditions on flow behavior. Simulation results show that drag force increases with cylinder diameter, granular volume fraction, granular size, and the friction coefficient between granules. Drag force was found to be independent of the velocity of the cylinder at low speed, the friction coefficient between the granules and the cylinder, and the friction coefficient between the granules and the container walls. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Advani, SG (reprint author), ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, 1545 Route 22 E, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. EM advani@udel.edu NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 AR 013301 DI 10.1063/1.2433738 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 132FH UT WOS:000243927500012 ER PT S AU Rudin, S Garrett, GA Shen, H Wraback, M Imer, B Haskell, B Speck, JS Keller, S Nakamura, S DenBaars, SP AF Rudin, S. Garrett, G. A. Shen, H. Wraback, M. Imer, B. Haskell, B. Speck, J. S. Keller, S. Nakamura, S. DenBaars, S. P. BE Jantsch, W Schaffler, F TI Temperature-dependent radiative lifetimes of excitons in non-polar GaN/AlGaN quantum wells SO PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-28) CY JUL 24-28, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Res Ctr, Infineon, Austrian Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, FFG, Austrian Nano Initiat, Vienna Convent Bur, ICPS 27, Marabun Res, Raith, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, NMA Networking, Austrian Soc Micro & Nanoelect, Austrian Airlines, Inst Phys, Austriamicrosystems, Agilent Technologies, NIST, LOT ORIEL, Panasonic, ONR Off Naval Res, Volkswagen, USAF Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Res Lab, Darpa AB We report theoretical and experimental studies of radiative recombination of carriers in GaN quantum wells grown on low defect a-plane GaN templates fabricated by lateral epitaxial overgrowth. The radiative rates are presented as functions of temperature and well width. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Imer, B.; Haskell, B.; Speck, J. S.; Keller, S.; Nakamura, S.; DenBaars, S. P.] Univ Calif, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0397-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 893 BP 315 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BGE22 UT WOS:000246281800154 ER PT S AU Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Shen, H Wraback, M AF Garrett, Gregory A. Sampath, Anand V. Shen, Hongen Wraback, Michael BE Jantsch, W Schaffler, F TI Temperature dependence of carrier dynamics in AlGaN allovs with enhanced lieht emission from nanoscale compositional inhomogeneities SO PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-28) CY JUL 24-28, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Res Ctr, Infineon, Austrian Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, FFG, Austrian Nano Initiat, Vienna Convent Bur, ICPS 27, Marabun Res, Raith, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, NMA Networking, Austrian Soc Micro & Nanoelect, Austrian Airlines, Inst Phys, Austriamicrosystems, Agilent Technologies, NIST, LOT ORIEL, Panasonic, ONR Off Naval Res, Volkswagen, USAF Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Res Lab, Darpa DE AlGaN alloys; time-resolved photoluminescence; internal quantum efficiency AB Temperature dependent, time-resolved photoluminescence of AlGaN alloys exhibiting enhanced emission from spatial localization in regions of nanoscale compositional inhomogeneity are presented. Radiative lifetimes are calculated from estimated internal quantum efficiencies. C1 [Garrett, Gregory A.; Sampath, Anand V.; Shen, Hongen; Wraback, Michael] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Dev Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Garrett, GA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Dev Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0397-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 893 BP 333 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BGE22 UT WOS:000246281800163 ER PT S AU Chern, GD Readinger, ED Shen, H Wraback, M Gallinat, CS Koblmuller, G Speck, JS AF Chern, Grace D. Readinger, Eric D. Shen, Hongen Wraback, Michael Gallinat, Chad S. Koblmuller, Gregor Speck, James S. BE Jantsch, W Schaffler, F TI Excitation wavelength dependence of terahertz emission from indium nitride thin films SO PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-28) CY JUL 24-28, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Res Ctr, Infineon, Austrian Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, FFG, Austrian Nano Initiat, Vienna Convent Bur, ICPS 27, Marabun Res, Raith, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, NMA Networking, Austrian Soc Micro & Nanoelect, Austrian Airlines, Inst Phys, Austriamicrosystems, Agilent Technologies, NIST, LOT ORIEL, Panasonic, ONR Off Naval Res, Volkswagen, USAF Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Res Lab, Darpa DE terahertz; indium nitride ID BAND-GAP AB We report on terahertz emission from n-type indium nitride excited with femtosecond pulses tunable between 800 nm and 1500 nm. The terahertz amplitude, normalized to pump and probe power, from the semiconductor remains relatively constant over the excitation wavelength range. The experimental results agree with calculations based on drift-diffusion equations incorporating momentum conservation and relaxation. C1 [Chern, Grace D.; Readinger, Eric D.; Shen, Hongen; Wraback, Michael] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Dev Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Gallinat, Chad S.; Koblmuller, Gregor; Speck, James S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Chern, GD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Dev Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0397-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 893 BP 513 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BGE22 UT WOS:000246281800251 ER PT B AU Sun, K O'Neill, K Barrowes, BE Shubitidze, F Shamatava, I Fernandez, JP Paulsen, KD AF Sun, K. O'Neill, K. Barrowes, B. E. Shubitidze, F. Shamatava, I. Fernandez, J. P. Paulsen, K. D. BE Kong, JA TI Data-derived SEA for time domain EMI sensing of UXO SO PIERS 2007 BEIJING: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, PTS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS 2007) CY MAR 26-30, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Inst Technol, Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad, Zhejiang Univ, Coll Info Sci & Engn, Beijing Inst Technol, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, BIT Ctr Electromagnet Simulat, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat, Res Lab Elect, Electromagnet Acad AB Electromagnetic induction (EMI) is a prominent technique in Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) detection and discrimination research. Existing idealized forward models for the EMI response can be defeated by both the material and geometrical heterogeneity of realistic UXO. We have developed a new, physically complete modeling system referred to as the Standardized Excitations Approach (SEA). The SEA accounts for all the effects from these heterogeneities including their interactions within the object, and is applicable in both the near and far fields. According to the SEA, the excitation field is decomposed into fundamental modes, and the response of a given target to each fundamental mode (denoted as a fundamental solution) is obtained beforehand and saved in a library. In this way, the target response to an arbitrary excitation field can be calculated via a simple superposition of these fundamental solutions. The model parameters (i.e., the fundamental solutions) of a given object are extracted from a sufficiently detailed set of measurement data. These parameters will be specific to each EMI instrument. The parameter extraction process was developed previously for the frequency domain using the GEM-3 EMI instrument. In this paper, we apply this SEA to time domain using the EM-63 instrument as an example. The receiver coil of the EM63 is a 0.5 m by 0.5 m square loop and can not be approximated by a point receiver. Therefore, in the model, the data is interpreted as the integration of the secondary field over the receiver loop. The objects we consider are all Body of Revolution (BOR) type objects. We exploit the fact that the calculated SEA model parameters also exhibit specific behavior because the target is a BOR Thus, the algorithm is improved by enforcing symmetric properties and zero total magnetic charge, which makes the algorithm more robust and more efficient. Preliminary results show that this approach works well for this time domain EMI instrument. After optimization, this model may be fast enough for implementation in inversion processing algorithms. C1 [Sun, K.; O'Neill, K.; Shubitidze, F.; Shamatava, I.; Fernandez, J. P.; Paulsen, K. D.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [O'Neill, K.; Barrowes, B. E.] US Army, Erdc, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Sun, K (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program; US Army CoE ERDC FX This work was sponsored in part by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and US Army CoE ERDC BT25 and AF25 programs. The authors would like to thank Sky research for providing measurement data. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA BN 978-1-934142-00-4 PY 2007 BP 251 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGH12 UT WOS:000246922600054 ER PT B AU Chang, RK Fernandes, GE Pan, YL Aptowicz, K Pinnick, RG AF Chang, Richard K. Fernandes, Gustavo E. Pan, Yong-Le Aptowicz, Kevin Pinnick, Ronald G. BE Kong, JA TI The quest for detection and identification of bio-aerosols SO PIERS 2007 BEIJING: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, PTS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS 2007) CY MAR 26-30, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Inst Technol, Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad, Zhejiang Univ, Coll Info Sci & Engn, Beijing Inst Technol, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, BIT Ctr Electromagnet Simulat, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat, Res Lab Elect, Electromagnet Acad AB A brief review is made of the status of fluorescence techniques to detect and partially identify bio-aerosols. The potential and frustrations in extracting morphology information from the angularly-resolved elastic scattering pattern is summaxized. The latest advancements in the measurement of angularly-resolved elastic-light scattering for single aerosol particles on-the-fly are surveyed. Special emphasis is placed on our more recent efforts to simultaneously measure the scattering patterns of aerosol particles in both the forward and backward hemispheres. C1 [Chang, Richard K.; Fernandes, Gustavo E.; Pan, Yong-Le] Yale Univ, Ctr Laser Diagnost, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Aptowicz, Kevin] West Chester Univ, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Pinnick, Ronald G.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, RK (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Laser Diagnost, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. FU US Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-02-6066] FX This work was partially supported by the US Air Force Research Laboratory under contract F33615-02-6066. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA BN 978-1-934142-00-4 PY 2007 BP 470 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGH12 UT WOS:000246922600102 ER PT J AU Feldmann, H Jones, SM Daddario-DiCaprio, KM Geisbert, JB Stroher, U Grolla, A Bray, M Fritz, EA Fernando, L Feldmann, F Hensley, LE Geisbert, TW AF Feldmann, Heinz Jones, Steven M. Daddario-DiCaprio, Kathleen M. Geisbert, Joan B. Stroher, Ute Grolla, Allen Bray, Mike Fritz, Elizabeth A. Fernando, Lisa Feldmann, Friederike Hensley, Lisa E. Geisbert, Thomas W. TI Effective post-exposure treatment of Ebola infection SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUSES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; RABIES VACCINATION; PROPHYLAXIS; CELLS; PROTECTION; SMALLPOX AB Ebola viruses are highly lethal human pathogens that have received considerable attention in recent years due to an increasing re-emergence in Central Africa and a potential for use as a biological weapon. There is no vaccine or treatment licensed for human use. In the past, however, important advances have been made in developing preventive vaccines that are protective in animal models. In this regard, we showed that a single injection of a live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector expressing the Ebola virus glycoprotein completely protected rodents and nonhuman primates from lethal Ebola challenge. In contrast, progress in developing therapeutic interventions against Ebola virus infections has been much slower and there is clearly an urgent need to develop effective postexposure strategies to respond to future outbreaks and acts of bioterrorism, as well as to treat laboratory exposures. Here we tested the efficacy of the vesicular stomatitis virus-based Ebola vaccine vector in post-exposure treatment in three relevant animal models. In the guinea pig and mouse models it was possible to protect 50% and 100% of the animals, respectively, following treatment as late as 24 h after lethal challenge. More important, four out of eight rhesus macaques were protected if treated 20 to 30 min following an otherwise uniformly lethal infection. Currently, this approach provides the most effective post-exposure treatment strategy for Ebola infections and is particularly suited for use in accidentally exposed individuals and in the control of secondary transmission during naturally occurring outbreaks or deliberate release. C1 Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Special Pathogens Program, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Univ Manitoba, Dept Med Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Univ Manitoba, Dept Immunol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIAID, Biodef Clin Res Branch, Div Clin Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Feldmann, H (reprint author), Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Special Pathogens Program, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. EM Heinz_Feldmann@phac-aspc.gc.ca; Steven_Jones@phac-aspc.gc.ca NR 44 TC 154 Z9 163 U1 2 U2 51 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 AR e2 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030002 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 196OS UT WOS:000248492500006 PM 17238284 ER PT J AU Oswald, WB Geisbert, TW Davis, KJ Geisbert, JB Sullivan, NJ Jahrling, PB Parren, PWHI Burton, DR AF Oswald, Wendelien B. Geisbert, Thomas W. Davis, Kelly J. Geisbert, Joan B. Sullivan, Nancy J. Jahrling, Peter B. Parren, Paul W. H. I. Burton, Dennis R. TI Neutralizing antibody fails to impact the course of Ebola virus infection in monkeys SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; RHESUS-MONKEYS; IN-VITRO; PROPHYLAXIS; PATHOGENESIS; MACROPHAGES; RESPONSES; THERAPY AB Prophylaxis with high doses of neutralizing antibody typically offers protection against challenge with viruses producing acute infections. In this study, we have investigated the ability of the neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, KZ52, to protect against Ebola virus in rhesus macaques. This antibody was previously shown to fully protect guinea pigs from infection. Four rhesus macaques were given 50 mg/kg of neutralizing human monoclonal antibody KZ52 intravenously 1 d before challenge with 1,000 plaque-forming units of Ebola virus, followed by a second dose of 50 mg/kg antibody 4 d after challenge. A control animal was exposed to virus in the absence of antibody treatment. Passive transfer of the neutralizing human monoclonal antibody not only failed to protect macaques against challenge with Ebola virus but also had a minimal effect on the explosive viral replication following infection. We show that the inability of antibody to impact infection was not due to neutralization escape. It appears that Ebola virus has a mechanism of infection propagation in vivo in macaques that is uniquely insensitive even to high concentrations of neutralizing antibody. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Burton, DR (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM burton@scripps.edu OI Parren, Paul/0000-0002-4365-3859 FU PHS HHS [A148053] NR 29 TC 109 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1 BP 62 EP 66 AR e9 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030009 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 196OS UT WOS:000248492500007 PM 17238286 ER PT J AU Ottinger, MA Lavoie, ET Quinn, MJ AF Ottinger, M. A. Lavoie, E. T. Quinn, M. J. TI Evaluating reproductive and immune consequences of endocrine disrupting chemicals in an avian bioassay SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE endocrine disrupting chemicals; reproductive and immune systems; Japanese quail C1 [Ottinger, M. A.; Lavoie, E. T.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Quinn, M. J.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2007 VL 86 SU 1 BP 449 EP 449 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 213UM UT WOS:000249692601385 ER PT J AU McManus, J Hurtado, T Pusateri, A Knoop, KJ AF McManus, John Hurtado, Timothy Pusateri, Anthony Knoop, Kevin J. TI A case series describing thermal injury resulting from zeolite use for hemorrhage control in combat operations SO PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article DE burn; hemorrhage; QuikClot (R); trauma; zeolite ID HEMOSTATIC AGENT; GROIN INJURY; SWINE; TRAUMA; MODEL AB Four cases are presented to illustrate cutaneous burns sustained with the use of zeolite in the treatment of major hemorrhage secondary to combat wounds. Zeolite, a microporous crystalline aluminosilicate granular hemostatic agent, can cause secondary thermal injuries through an exothermic reaction that is likely related to the absorption of free fluid at the hemorrhage site. Understanding of this process may help both military and civilian EMS personnel avoid or minimize secondary thermal injury while still benefiting from zeolite's hemostatic capabilities. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Gen Hosp 121, Seoul, South Korea. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VI USA. RP McManus, J (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM john.mcmanus@amedd.army.mil NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1090-3127 J9 PREHOSP EMERG CARE JI Prehosp. Emerg. Care PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1080/10903120601021176 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 156CV UT WOS:000245626600014 PM 17169881 ER PT S AU Ilg, M Chang, BC AF Ilg, Mark Chang, B. C. GP IEEE TI Design and implementation of a digital controller for an infrasonic speaker system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Control Applications CY OCT 01-03, 2007 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE DE infrasonics; optimal regulator/tracking control theory; discrete-time control; DSP microprocessor control ID LINEAR-MULTIVARIABLE REGULATORS; ROBUST SERVOMECHANISM PROBLEM AB A variety of conditions in combatant zones exposes soldiers to high level infrasonic reverberations. In an effort to achieve realistic simulation in training exercises, it is desirable to duplicate the high level infrasonics, in a controlled and cost effective manner. Both commercial audio voice-coil and motor-driven speaker systems are inadequate for this application. In this paper, we design and implement a digital tracking controller for a modified motor-driven speaker system to generate infrasonic waves and minimize the motor drift and wave distortion. Frequency and time domain aspects of the design are considered, and both computer simulations and experimental results of the feedback control system are presented. C1 [Ilg, Mark] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Chang, B. C.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Ilg, M (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM milg@arl.army.mil; bchang@coe.drexel.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4244-0442-1 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2007 BP 1148 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHG74 UT WOS:000253024000195 ER PT B AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, Arthur GP IEEE TI Solidly-mounted agile resonator/transducer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE ID FILM RESONATOR TECHNOLOGY; QUARTER-WAVE MULTILAYERS; W/SIO2 MULTILAYERS; DEVICES; FABRICATION; FILTERS AB Solidly mounted resonators (SMRs) were proposed by Newell in the mid-1960s. Decoupling from the mounting substrate was achieved at a single frequency by a Bragg stack of quarter-wavelength plates. While the initial concept was ahead of fabrication technology, SMRs are now a practical resonator design yielding high Qs in a space-efficient and robust mounting configuration. This paper introduces the concept of a Bragg anti-reflection stack made adjustable by endowing each layer with piezoelectricity and providing for changing the electrical boundary conditions. C1 USA, Commun Elect RDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect RDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319050 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500034 ER PT B AU Hudek, KM Hati, A Howe, DA Nelson, CW Zhou, W AF Hudek, K. M. Hati, A. Howe, D. A. Nelson, C. W. Zhou, W. GP IEEE TI Further examination of the injection-locked dual optoelectronic oscillator SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE ID LOW PHASE NOISE; SPURIOUS LEVEL; MICROWAVE AB Optoelectronic oscillators (OEO), utilizing the low loss nature of optical links, can generate oscillations with very high Q values. The long delay line used in the oscillator can, however, support many modes of oscillation. Mode spacing is inversely proportional to the delay length of the optical link The oscillator Q can be improved by increasing the delay length at the expense of tighter mode spacing. The undesirable modes become more difficult to filter in the RF domain as the spacing becomes closer. There are many different techniques for minimizing the impact of the competing modes on the desired one. The injection-locked dual OEO was presented last year. It consists of a high-Q multimode OEO (master) and a low-Q single-mode OEO (slave), each injection-locked to each other. The slave OEO, which generates the output signal, is injection-locked to the master OEO. This transfers some of the high-Q stability to the output; without transferring all of the spurious competing modes of the master. The master is also injection-locked to the slave OEO, causing its multimode oscillation to collapse to a mostly single mode, further reducing the transfer of spurious modes to the slave. In this paper we analyze the injection lock parameter's behavior on the performance of the total system. C1 [Hudek, K. M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hati, A.; Howe, D. A.; Nelson, C. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Zhou, W.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Hudek, KM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX Work of U.S. government, not subject to copyright. Support provided by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 796 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319185 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500169 ER PT B AU Nelson, CW Hati, A Howe, DA Zhou, W AF Nelson, C. W. } Hati, A. Howe, D. A. Zhou, W. GP IEEE TI Microwave optoelectronic oscillator with optical gain SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE ID INTENSITY NOISE; PHASE NOISE; FIBER; PROPAGATION; SPECTRUM; SYSTEMS AB Optoelectronic oscillators (OEO) are unique compared to radio-frequency (RF) oscillators in that they do not fundamentally require a RF gain element in order to satisfy the amplitude threshold condition for oscillation. All of the energy required for oscillation can be obtained from the optical carrier. This, however, was not initially possible, due to the inefficiency and power limitations on the optical components used in the OEO. Recent improvements driven by the need for optical-RF links have improved modulator and detector technology. Electro-optic modulators (EOM) with ultra-low half-wave voltage (V-pi), and high optical power capabilities, when coupled with high-power photodetectors, have achieved optical links with gain. With sufficient gain from the photonic components in the OEO, the RF loop amplifier becomes unnecessary. Eliminating this amplifier removes one of the major noise contributing elements of the oscillator. Here we present designs and phase noise results of several OEOs, operating at RE frequencies up to 10 GHz, constructed with only optical gain. C1 [Nelson, C. W. }; Hati, A.; Howe, D. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhou, W.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Nelson, CW (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) FX Contribution of the U.S. government, not subject to copy-right. Support provided by Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA). NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 1014 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319233 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500217 ER PT B AU Lucas, TW Sanchez, SM Martinez, F Sickinger, LR Roginski, JW AF Lucas, Thomas W. Sanchez, Susan M. Martinez, Felix Sickinger, Lisa R. Roginski, Jonathan W. GP IEEE TI Defense and homeland security applications of multi-agent simulations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2007 CL Washington, DC AB Department of Defense and Homeland Security analysts are increasingly using multi-agent simulation (MAS) to examine national security issues. This paper summarizes three MAS national security studies conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School. The first example explores equipment and employment options for protecting critical infrastructure. The second case considers non-lethal weapons within the spectrum of force-protection options in a martitime environment. The final application investigates emergency (police, fire, and medical) responses to an urban terrorist attack. There are many potentially influential factors and many sources of uncertainty associated with each of these simulated scenarios. Thus, efficient experimental designs and computing clusters are used to enable us to explore many thousands of computational experiments, while simultaneously varying many factors. The results illustrate how MAS experiments can provide valuable insights into defense and homeland security operations. C1 [Lucas, Thomas W.; Sanchez, Susan M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Martinez, Felix] Ctr Estudios Super Navales, Wargaming Dept, Mexico City, DF 04840, Mexico. [Sickinger, Lisa R.] USS Laboon DDG 58, FPO, AE 09577 USA. [Roginski, Jonathan W.] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Lucas, TW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU United States Marine Corp's; Department of Defense's Modeling & Simulation Coordination Office FX We wish to thank the other faculty, analysts, and students in the SEED Center team for their assistance. This work was partially supported by the United States Marine Corp's Project Albert effort, the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate, the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command Analysis Center Monterey, and the Department of Defense's Modeling & Simulation Coordination Office. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1305-8 PY 2007 BP 126 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BHT16 UT WOS:000256071800013 ER PT B AU Hamilton, S Schmoyer, CT Hamilton, JAD AF Hamilton, Stephen Schmoyer, Colonel Timothy Hamilton, J. A. Drew, Jr. GP IEEE TI Validating a network simulation testbed for Army UAVS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2007 CL Washington, DC AB Auburn University, through the Army's Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) has been supporting the Unmanned Systems Initiative (USI) program in three research areas related to unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A major element in this work is the development of a high fidelity modeling and simulation testbed to support the USI program. This paper describes the testbed and the verification and validation of the testbed. C1 [Hamilton, Stephen; Schmoyer, Colonel Timothy] US Mil Acad, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Hamilton, J. A. Drew, Jr.] Auburn Univ, Comp Sci & Software Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Hamilton, S (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. FU Unmanned Systems Initiative through the U.S.; Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) at Redstone Aresenal FX This work has been partially funded by the Unmanned Systems Initiative through the U.S. Armys Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) at Redstone Aresenal. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1305-8 PY 2007 BP 1279 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BHT16 UT WOS:000256071800151 ER PT B AU Almer, D Buss, A Ruck, J AF Almer, Darryl Buss, Arnold Ruck, John GP IEEE TI Using a low-resolution entity model for shaping initial conditions for high-resolution combat models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2007 CL Washington, DC AB Determining the initial conditions for high-resolution combat models presents a challenging modeling problem. These initial conditions can have a major impact on the outcome of the analysis, and yet there is a significant difficulty setting those conditions in a manner that spans the important areas of the input factor space. This paper presents a method for setting those initial conditions using a low-resolution, entity-level combat model, Joint Dynamic Allocation of Fires and Sensors (JDAFS). Like its predecessor DAFS, JDAFS models entities on the battlefield, but to a lower degree of detail than most high-resolution combat models. This allows substantial exploration of the input factor space, and can help make the eventual high-resolution simulation runs more effective. C1 [Almer, Darryl] USN, Postgrad Sch, USA, TRADOC Anal Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Buss, Arnold] USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ruck, John] Rolands & Assoc Corp, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Almer, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, USA, TRADOC Anal Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dkahner@nps.edu; abuss@nps.edu; jlruck@nps.edu FU U.S. Army TRADOC Analysis Center, TRAC-Monterey FX The work of the second author was supported by U.S. Army TRADOC Analysis Center, TRAC-Monterey. This supporti gratefully acknowledged. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1305-8 PY 2007 BP 1323 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BHT16 UT WOS:000256071800157 ER PT B AU Pirooznia, M Rawat, A Gong, P Yang, JY Perkins, EJ Yang, MQ Deng, Y AF Pirooznia, Mehdi Rawat, Arun Gong, Ping Yang, Jack Y. Perkins, Edward J. Yang, Mary Qu Deng, Youping BA Yang, JY BF Yang, JY BE Yang, MQ Zhu, MM Zhang, Y Arabnia, HR Deng, Y Bourbakis, N TI An effective interwoven loop design application for two-channel microarray experiments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOENGINEERING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering CY OCT 14-17, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Engn Med Biol, NSF, Int Soc Intelligent Biol Med, Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE microarray; interwoven loop design; experiment design ID GENE-EXPRESSION AB Microarray technology is widely applied to address complex scientific questions. However, there remain fundamental issues of how to design experiments to ensure that the resulting data enables robust statistical analysis. Interwoven loop design has several advantages over other designs. However it suffers in the complexity of design. We have implemented an online web application which allows users to find optimal loop designs for two-color microarray experiments. Given a number of conditions (such as treatments or time points) and replicates, the application will rind the best possible design of the experiment and output experimental parameters. It is freely available from http://mcbc.usm.edu/iloop. C1 [Pirooznia, Mehdi; Rawat, Arun; Deng, Youping] Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Gong, Ping] SpecPro Inc, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Perkins, Edward J.] US Army, Engn Res Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Yang, Jack Y.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Yang, Mary Qu] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Human Genome Rese Inst, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA. RP Deng, Y (reprint author), Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. FU Mississippi Computational Biology Consortium [NSF EPS-0556308]; Army Environmental Quality Program of the US Army Corps of Engineers [W912HZ-05-P-0145]; Mississippi Functional Genomics Network [2P20RRO16476-04] FX This work was supported by the Mississippi Computational Biology Consortium (NSF EPS-0556308), Army Environmental Quality Program of the US Army Corps of Engineers (under contract #W912HZ-05-P-0145) and the Mississippi Functional Genomics Network (DHHS/NIH/NCRR Grant# 2P20RRO16476-04). Permission to publish this information was granted by the Chief of Engineers. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1509-0 PY 2007 BP 187 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BHG41 UT WOS:000252958200035 ER PT B AU Dubick, M Bentley, T Cameron, D Prince, D Sondeen, J AF Dubick, M. Bentley, T. Cameron, D. Prince, D. Sondeen, J. BE Faist, E TI Resuscitation with fresh whole blood reduces complement activation associated with hemorrhage in swine SO Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Trauma, Shock, Inflammation and Sepsis LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Congress on Trauma, Shock, Inflammation and Sepsis CY MAR 13-17, 2007 CL Munich, GERMANY ID INJURY; SHOCK AB Indices of complement activation after hemorrhage and fluid resuscitation were investigated in anesthetized, splenectornized swine subjected to a total hemorrhage of 28 ml/kg. Pigs were resuscitated to a systolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg with lactated Ringer's (LR), normal saline (NS), Hextend (HX) or shed whole blood (W13) and monitored for up to 3.5 hr. Hemorrhage activated complement as noted by a 20% reduction in CH50 at 30 min after hemorrhage. In addition, thromboxane B-2 (TXB2) levels rose about 20% after hemorrhage. Infusion of LR, NS or HX resulted in further reductions in CH50 values and sustained elevations in TXB2. In contrast, infusion of WB raised CH50 levels to 85 to 90% of baseline and reduced TXB2 levels to baseline. All fluids improved hemodynamics, but only whole blood reduced indices of complement activation. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Dubick, M (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 978-88-7587-331-8 PY 2007 BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine; Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA BGE13 UT WOS:000246255200008 ER PT B AU Brown, WT Vavrin, JL Lorand, RT AF Brown, William T., III Vavrin, John L. Lorand, Robert T. GP ASME TI Alternatives to meet short-term electrical capacity and demand requirements for Fort Wainwright, Alaska SO Proceedings of the ASME Power Conference 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference 2007 CY JUL 17-19, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Power Div AB A study team was commissioned by Headquarters, United States Army Installation Management Command (HQ IMCOM), under the leadership of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center-Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL), to determine the electric power requirements of Fort Wainwright, Alaska (FWA) through the year 2020, and energy supply alternatives to meet these requirements. Of particular importance was the impending winter and the fact that the installation thought it would not have the ability to meet all electrical demand, in approximately six months. Although several studies of the FWA electric power situation were performed over the past few years, the major concern was that recent increases in demand due to new construction brought about by newly added troop deployment units to the installation, a reduction in the number of facilities scheduled for demolition, coupled with the temporary loss of some generating capacity from the FWA Central Heating and Power Plant (CHPP), could result in a power shortfall during the upcoming 2006/2007 winter season. The study involved the following six primary tasks: (1) Establishing the generating capabilities of the FWA CHPP as well as FWA's electric power import capacity, based on existing interties to the local utility; (2) Determining the annual electric power requirements through the year 2020; (3) Performing a limited condition assessment of the CHPP-related electrical system to identify critical items in need of repair/replacement; (4) Determining the ability of the local electric utility and other electric power suppliers to meet FWA electric demands through the year 2020; (5) Identifying options for meeting any electric power shortfalls likely to occur through the year 2020; and (6) Identifying methods and costs to improve electrical reliability focusing on redundant equipment and systems. The study determined that the potential power shortfall ranged from 2.3 megawatts (MW) to 3.8 MW for the winter of 2006/2007; 3.6 MW to 5.1 MW for the winter of 2007/2008; 6.3 MW to 7.8 MW in 2011; and 9.7 MW to 11.2 MW by the year 2020, Furthermore, the study corroborated earlier reviews that the switchgear was in immediate need of attention to ensure safe and reliable operation. The subsequent recommendations, which were implemented, included the installation of a nominal 7.5 megavolt-ampere (MVA) transformer to increase import capacity to meet potential shortfalls between 2006 and 2007 and a detailed review of the switchgear condition. Recommendations for upgrade of the switchgear are being pursued, along with further increase in transformer capacity (2 x 20 MVA substation) to ensure no electric power shortfalls through the year 2020. C1 Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL USA. RP Brown, WT (reprint author), Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4273-7 PY 2007 BP 191 EP 195 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BGU88 UT WOS:000250717400020 ER PT B AU Delgado, IR Steinetz, BM Rimnac, CM Lewandowski, JJ AF Delgado, Irebert R. Steinetz, Bruce M. Rimnac, Clare M. Lewandowski, John J. GP ASME TI Fatigue crack growth Behavior evaluation of Grainex Mar-M 247 for NASA's high temperature, high speed turbine seal test rig SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2007, Vol 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID LIFE AB The fatigue crack growth behavior of Grainex Mar-M 247 is evaluated for NASA's Turbine Seal Test Facility. The facility is used to test air-to-air seals for use primarily in advanced jet engine applications. Because of extreme seal test conditions of temperature, pressure, and surface speeds, surface cracks may develop over time in the disk bolt holes. An inspection interval is developed to preclude catastrophic disk failure by using experimental fatigue crack growth data. By combining current fatigue crack growth results with previous fatigue strain-life experimental work an inspection interval is determined for the test disk. The fatigue crack growth life of the NASA disk bolt holes is found to be 367 cycles at a crack depth of 0.501 mm using a factor of 2 on life at maximum operating conditions. Combining this result with previous fatigue strain-life experimental work gives a total fatigue life of 1032 cycles at a crack depth of 0.501 mm. Eddy-current inspections are suggested starting at 665 cycles since eddy current thresholds are currently at 0.381 mm. Inspection intervals are recommended every 50 cycles at maximum operating conditions. C1 Army Res Lab, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Delgado, IR (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4794-7 PY 2007 BP 583 EP 597 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGP80 UT WOS:000249598200062 ER PT J AU DeCoster, J Ergut, A Levendis, YA Richter, H Howard, JB Carlson, JB AF DeCoster, Jennifer Ergut, All Levendis, Ylannis A. Richter, Henning Howard, Jack B. Carlson, Joel B. TI PAH emissions from high-temperature oxidation of vaporized anthracene SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE anthracene; oxidation; PAH; rate constant; reaction pathways ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; POLYSTYRENE; COMBUSTION; BENZENE AB The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/compounds (PAH/PAC) in the exhaust of combustion equipment as well as their growth to soot particles depends on the balance of formation and depletion reaction pathways. Detailed understanding of PAH oxidation is necessary for a correct quantitative description of combustion processes. This study focuses on the high-temperature oxidation of anthracene, a 3-ring PAH, by molecular oxygen. By reacting this already formed PAH, under non-sooting conditions, its oxidative depletion processes were isolated from its formation processes, as well as from soot formation pathways. Anthracene powder, fluidized in nitrogen, was introduced into a two-stage electrically heated laminar-flow drop-tube furnace. In the first stage, kept at 900 degrees C, anthracene was vaporized. Thereafter, upon mixing with preheated oxygen-containing gases in a venturi, gaseous anthracene was oxidized in the second furnace at oxygen mole fractions of 1-5% and gas temperatures of 950-1050 degrees C. Gas temperature and velocity profiles in the furnaces, as well as anthracene particle vaporization trajectories were obtained with a computational fluid dynamics code. Sampling, followed by chemical analysis, was conducted at three locations within the oxidizing furnace. Trends with residence time show increasing CO and CO2 yields in the furnace and gradually decreasing O-2. CO increased with higher oxidizing temperatures and oxygen concentrations. Acetylene was the most abundant light hydrocarbon, followed by methane, ethylene, benzene, propylene and ethyl acetylene. Prevalent PAC included fluorene-9-one, 9,10-anthracenodione, biphenylene, dibenzofuran, fluorene, indene, naphthalene, anthrone, xanthone and 2-naphthalenecarboxaldehyde. Most species' yields increased with rising oxidation temperatures. A global anthracene reaction rate with oxygen was deduced, and an activation energy of 71 kJ/mol was calculated. An anthracene oxidation reaction scheme was proposed. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [DeCoster, Jennifer; Ergut, All; Levendis, Ylannis A.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Richter, Henning; Howard, Jack B.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Carlson, Joel B.] USA, SBCCOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Levendis, YA (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM y.levendis@neu.edu NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 491 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.21 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000046 ER PT J AU Lurnan, JR Wehrman, B Kuo, KK Yetter, RA Masoud, NM Manning, TG HarriS, LE Bruck, HA AF Lurnan, J. R. Wehrman, B. Kuo, K. K. Yetter, R. A. Masoud, N. M. Manning, T. G. HarriS, L. E. Bruck, H. A. TI Development and characterization of high performance solid propellants containing nano-sized energetic ingredients SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE layered propellants; energetic oxidizers; nano-sized aluminum particles; HNF; fast-core propellants AB This paper addresses the development of a pair of layered solid propellants suitable for use in a fast-core gun-propellant charge application. A baseline propellant combination was formulated using RDX particles and thermoplastic-elastomer binder as the major ingredients and CL-20 and nitroguanadine as separate additives for high- and low-energy propellants. The propellant's burning rate was characterized and insufficient burning-rate ratio between the fast and slow baseline propellants was found. Impetus obtained from the combustion of the combined baseline propellants was also found to be far from the demanded value of 1300 J/g. Several modifications were made by introducing nano-sized aluminum particles and ultra-fine boron particles as well as high-energy oxidizer HNF into the propellant formulation. It was found that the addition of nano-sized aluminum particles can enhance the propellant burning rate only when the propellant contains oxidizers with a positive oxygen balance. Without the presence of positive oxygen balance oxidizer, the exothermic reaction of aluminum and boron particles occurs at a large distance from the burning surface introducing an energy-sink effect. The results obtained from the combustion of the advanced propellants show that an average impetus of 1299 J/g, a flame temperature of 3380 K with a burn rate ratio around 3 between the fast- and the slow-burning layers can be achieved. These conditions are desired for fast-core layered propellant applications. The impact sensitivities of the baseline, intermediate and advanced propellants were measured. The results show that addition of HNF and nano-sized aluminum exhibited improved impact sensitivity at levels that can be considered acceptable for deployment. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lurnan, J. R.; Wehrman, B.; Kuo, K. K.; Yetter, R. A.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Masoud, N. M.; Manning, T. G.; HarriS, L. E.] USA, Army Res & Dev Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [Bruck, H. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kuo, KK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kenkuo@psu.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2089 EP 2096 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.024 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200046 ER PT B AU Hartranft, TJ AF Hartranft, Thomas J. GP ASME TI Energy security and independence for military installations: Candidate mission-focused vision and policy measures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID US; FUTURE AB Army installations are essential for the development and sustainment of operational capabilities and readiness to serve and protect the nation and its interests. Installations are small cities with a full spectrum of facility types and utility requirements that use large amounts of energy. This paper describes the process and activities underway to establish operational requirements and investment policy for Army installation energy security. The military environment is described in which the installation mission requirements and the future investment policy are being crafted. Military mission must be mapped to power requirements such that mission readiness impacts are quantifiable for a multitude of power outage or power quality anomaly scenarios. The paper draws from real-time discussions that the author's organization sponsored December 2006 on Army Installation Energy Security & Independence to carry out the mission of Army installations. These insights are applicable to any campus-like entity. C1 USA, Corps Engn Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Hartranft, TJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engn Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400010 ER PT B AU Lawrence, W AF Lawrence, William TI A computational study of detonation of propagation in PBX-9404 using CTH and LASmerf codes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB For many years, the researchers at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) have been using CTH hydrocode and its History Variable Reactive Burn (HVRB) model to study the reactive behavior of various granular and non-granular explosives. Recently, we acquired another code (LASmerf) to study the response of the munitions. A computational study was undertaken to compare the results from these two codes. A comparison of the computational results will be presented in this paper. Also, a brief description, advantages, and disadvantages of each code will be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate ARL WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Lawrence, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate ARL WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 3 EP 6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900001 ER PT B AU Akers, S Rickman, D Ehrgott, J AF Akers, Stephen Rickman, Denis Ehrgott, Jay TI Breaching of triple-brick walls: Numerical simulations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB Explosive wall breaching will be a key war-fighter capability in future military operations by dismounted soldiers in urban terrain environments where the close proximity of urban structures, possibly occupied by noncombatants, significantly restricts the use of large demolition charges or large caliber direct-fire weapons. Because of this requirement, the US Army has focused considerable attention and resources to optimize breaching activities in urban terrain. As part of the Army's effort, the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is conducting experimental and numerical investigations to improve wall breaching methods. The ongoing experimental and numerical programs will conduct comprehensive breaching research on a full range of urban construction materials. As a first step in this process, the ERDC conducted a successful baseline study of Composition C4 (C-4) breaching effectiveness against steel-reinforced-concrete walls. Recently, the research effort was extended to triple-brick walls. Numerical simulations of two selected experiments were conducted using the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian code Zapotec. In these simulations, the brick and mortar were modeled as Lagrangian materials, and the C-4 was modeled as an Eulerian material. C1 [Akers, Stephen; Rickman, Denis; Ehrgott, Jay] USACE ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Akers, S (reprint author), USACE ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM Stephen.A.Akers@erdc.usace.army.mil; Denis.D.Rickman@erdc.usace.army.mil; Jay.Q.Ehrgott@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 7 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900002 ER PT B AU Sahu, J AF Sahu, Jubaraj TI Time-accurate calculations of free-flight aerodynamics of maneuvering projectiles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB This paper describes a multidisciplinary computational study undertaken to model the flight trajectories and the free-flight aerodynamics of finned projectiles both with and without control maneuvers. Advanced computational capabilities both in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and rigid body, dynamics (RBD) have been successfully fully coupled on high performance computing (HPC) platforms for "Virtual Fly-Outs" of munitions similar to actual free flight tests in the aerodynamic experimental facilities. Time-accurate Navier-Stokes computations have been performed to compute the unsteady aerodynamics associated with the free flight of a finned projectile at a supersonic speed using an advanced scalable unstructured flow solver on a highly parallel Linux Cluster. Some results relating to the portability and the performance of the flow solver on the Linux clusters are also addressed Computed positions and orientations of the projectile along the flight trajectory have been compared with actual data measured from free flight tests and are found to be generally in good agreement. Computed results obtained for another complex finned configuration with canard-control pitch-up maneuver in a virtual fly-out show the potential of these techniques for providing the actual time-dependent response of the flight vehicle and the resulting unsteady aerodynamics for maneuvering projectiles. C1 [Sahu, Jubaraj] USA Res Lab ARL, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Sahu, J (reprint author), USA Res Lab ARL, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM jubaraj.sahu@us.anny.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 64 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900011 ER PT B AU Nusca, MJ Chen, CC McQuaid, MJ AF Nusca, Michael J. Chen, Chiung-Chu McQuaid, Michael J. TI Combustion chamber fluid dynamics and hypergolic gel propellant chemistry simulations for selectable thrust rocket engines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID BIMOLECULAR QRRK AB This paper describes the application of high performance computing to accelerate the development of hypergolic propulsion systems for tactical missiles. Computational fluid dynamics is employed to model the chemically reacting flow within a system's combustion chamber, and computational chemistry is employed to characterize propellant physical and reactive properties. Accomplishments from the past year are presented and discussed. C1 [Nusca, Michael J.; Chen, Chiung-Chu; McQuaid, Michael J.] USA Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate ARL WMD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Nusca, MJ (reprint author), USA Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate ARL WMD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900013 ER PT B AU Dimanlig, ACB Meadowcroft, ET Strawn, R Potsdam, M AF Dimanlig, Arsenio C. B. Meadowcroft, Edward T. Strawn, Roger Potsdam, Mark TI Computational modeling of the CH-47 helicopter in hover SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB This paper describes installed rotor performance computations for the CH-47 Chinook tandem-rotor helicopter. The computations were performed with a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes flow solver using overset structured grids to resolve the flow around the rotors, the fuselage, and the resulting rotor wake system. The calculations model all six rotor blades discretely while resolving the rotor motions relative to the fuselage in a time-accurate manner. The computational performance predictions are compared to Boeing flight test data and show good agreement with the experimental measurements. In addition, the computational results provide a wealth of data on the interactions between the rotor wake system and the fuselage that can't be easily obtained in any other way. C1 [Dimanlig, Arsenio C. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Meadowcroft, Edward T.] Boeing Integrated Def Syst, Rotorcraft Syst, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Strawn, Roger; Potsdam, Mark] US Army, Res Dev & Engn Command, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Dimanlig, ACB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM adimanlig@mail.arc.nasa.gov; ted.meadowcroft@boeing.com; rstrawn@mail.arc.nasa.gov; mpotsdam@mail.arc.nasa.gov FU High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) under Common High Performance Computing Software Support Initiative Portfolio [CST-05]; US Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command [NNA05BF35C]; DoD HPCMP at the Naval Oceanographic Office Major Shared Resource Center FX This work was funded by the High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) under Common High Performance Computing Software Support Initiative Portfolio CST-05, and by the US Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command through contract NNA05BF35C to ELORET. This work was also supported by computer time from the DoD HPCMP at the Naval Oceanographic Office Major Shared Resource Center. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 98 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900015 ER PT B AU Mattson, W Romero, NA Rice, BM Fischer, J AF Mattson, William Romero, Nichols A. Rice, Betsy M. Fischer, James TI Direct quantum mechanical simulations of shocked energetic materials supporting future force insensitive munitions requirements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB Quantum mechanical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) are used to study dynamic behavior of shocked polymeric nitrogen, a novel energetic material. We report results on system sizes in excess of 3, 000 atoms. Such calculations on system sizes within the 1,000 atom range remain problematic using standard implementations of DFT. We evaluate the feasibility of using several available DFT codes for this work through comparison of scalability and resource requirements. In this study, we utilize a recently developed highly-scalable localized orbital DFT code, CP2K, designed to treat large systems. Scaling and performance benchmarks of the CP2K on several Department of Defense (DoD) high performance computing (HPC) computers are presented for a variety of system sizes and shapes. Additionally, we report preliminary calculations on the conventional explosive nitromethane. In those calculations in excess of 3,500, atoms are treated. C1 [Mattson, William; Romero, Nichols A.; Rice, Betsy M.] USA Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 20601 USA. RP Mattson, W (reprint author), USA Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 20601 USA. EM wmattson@arl.army.mil; nichols.a.romero@arl.army.mil; betsyr@arl.army.mil; jfischer@arl.army.mil FU The DoD HPC Modernization Program FX The DoD HPC Modernization Program supported this project by supplying supercomputer time under the Computing Challenge Project C2L. This computer time was made available at the DoD Major Shared Resources Centers (MSRCs) at the ARL MSRC and at the Aeronautical Systems Center MSRC. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 104 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900016 ER PT B AU Henz, BJ Zachairah, MR AF Henz, Brian J. Zachairah, Michael R. TI Molecular dynamics study of alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayer coated gold nanoparticle SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS; AU(111) SURFACE; FCC METALS; SIMULATIONS; CHEMISORPTION; PLATINUM; LIQUID; MODEL AB Through molecular simulations we have observed that the surface of gold nanoparticles become highly corrugated by the adsorption of alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Furthermore, as the temperature is increased, the SAMs dissolve into the gold nanoparticle, creating a liquid mixture at temperatures much lower than the melting temperature of the gold nanoparticle. By analyzing the mechanical and chemical properties of gold nanoparticles at temperatures below the melting point of gold, with different SAM chain lengths and surface coverage properties, we have determined that the system is metastable. The model and computational results that provide support for this hypothesis are presented in this paper. C1 [Henz, Brian J.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Zachairah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zachairah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zachairah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Henz, BJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM brianj.henz@us.army.mil; mrz@umd.edu FU US Army Research Laboratory; Major Shared Resource Center at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support received by the US Army Research Laboratory, Major Shared Resource Center at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Additional support was given by the National Institute for Standards and Technology. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 185 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900028 ER PT B AU Parker, MW Ketcham, SA Cudney, HH AF Parker, Michael W. Ketcham, Stephen A. Cudney, Harley H. TI Acoustic wave propagation in urban environments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB The United States Army is continuously improving upon its situational awareness in operational environments. This is particularly difficult in an urban scene because line of sight is limited and because the acoustic interaction between and over the top of the buildings is not yet fully understood. Once this is fully understood the acoustic detection, classification, and localization can be accomplished through the use of well-placed acoustic sensors. This work focuses on application of acoustic wave-propagation computations to investigate the effects of urban environments on sound propagation. The objective of this work is to present models and wave-field results that illustrate in detail acoustic propagation and its interactions with buildings in an urban environment. Our computations are performed by a three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain code. This code operates on high-performance computers to create high fidelity data sets of acoustic waves propagating in urban scenes. These scenes are acquired from urban modeling templates produced by the Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity (AMSAA) with areas distinguished by Urban Terrain Zones. This study examines a single source propagating through a portion of the AMSAA "Small City Periphery" urban template. The results show how acoustic waves propagate from a source through urban scenes. The propagation contains multi-path reflections between buildings that channel sound energy down streets, and wavefronts that travel between and over the tops of buildings. The results show that while some sound may travel over two to three story buildings before returning to ground level, a majority of the sound energy propagates between the buildings. We conclude that 3D finite difference time domain analysis is a practical tool for investigating acoustic propagation and its interactions with buildings in an urban environment. C1 [Parker, Michael W.; Ketcham, Stephen A.; Cudney, Harley H.] USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Parker, MW (reprint author), USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 233 EP 237 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900035 ER PT B AU Peters, JF Howington, SE Ballard, J Lynch, LN AF Peters, John F. Howington, Stacy E. Ballard, Jerry, Jr. Lynch, Larry N. TI Signature evaluation for thermal infrared countermine and IED detection systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB A high-resolution, computational suite has been constructed to produce synthetic thermal imagery of vegetated soil surfaces with landmines or other targets. The imagery is created by coupling models for the ground, vegetation, ray casting, and sensor characteristics to produce realistic thermal infrared simulated imagery. These simulations provide information ranging from simple temperature contrasts to high-resolution images comparable to actual sensor images that can be used to evaluate or train automatic target recognition (ATR) systems. Analyses of the ATR results allow development of recommendations for optimal sensing strategies and additional training to improve ATR performance. The modeling and characterization occurs at the centimeter scale, which requires massively parallel computational resources to meet the demands of the simulation. The models run simultaneously on a single, parallel, or serial computer and communicate using sockets or files. The soil model is a three-dimensional, spatially adaptive, continuous Galerkin, finite element model that simulates partially-saturated flow and heat transport, coupled to two-dimensional surface water flow. The vegetation model simulates infrared absorption, reflection, and transmission by discretized plant leaves and stems. Ray casting provides boundary conditions for the soil and vegetation thermal models, and produces multi-spectral images of energy reflected and emitted from the synthetic scene. Subsurface phase change, distributed root zone moisture uptake and transpiration, and flow through macro pores and cracks are processes under construction. The parallelization of the individual testbed components is relatively straight-forward. The central difficulty in achieving acceptable performance for the computational testbed in a parallel computing environment is the sequencing of data transfers between components. Example calculations to be presented include a multi-million element simulation for an and test site that is only a few meters in its longest dimension. The models are driven with meteorological data and are built using material property data collected at the field site. Synthetic images produced are compared against those from thermal cameras. A long-term goal of this work is to help build parameter estimation software to infer ground state information (soil moisture and physical property distributions) from airborne imagery. C1 [Peters, John F.; Howington, Stacy E.; Ballard, Jerry, Jr.; Lynch, Larry N.] USACE, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Peters, JF (reprint author), USACE, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 238 EP 246 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900036 ER PT B AU Cudney, HH Ketcham, SA Parker, MW AF Cudney, Harley H. Ketcham, Stephen A. Parker, Michael W. TI Verification of acoustic propagation over natural and synthetic terrain SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID MEDIA C1 [Cudney, Harley H.; Ketcham, Stephen A.; Parker, Michael W.] USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Cudney, HH (reprint author), USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 247 EP 252 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900037 ER PT B AU Bowers, J Astling, E Liu, Y Hacker, J Swerdlin, S Betancourt, T Warner, T AF Bowers, James Astling, Elford Liu, Yubao Hacker, Joshua Swerdlin, Scott Betancourt, Terri Warner, Thomas TI An operational mesoscale ensemble-based forecast system using HPC resources SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB The US Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC) currently is responsible for providing operational meteorological support to research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E) activities at eight Army installations. The Four-Dimensional Weather (4DWX) meteorological support system used to provide that support was developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in collaboration with ATEC meteorologists. A high-resolution (mesoscale) numerical weather prediction (NWP) model is a major 4DWX component in operational use at seven ATEC test centers. This paper describes current 4DWX NWP capabilities and discusses how the new Department Of Defense (DoD) Dedicated High Performance Computing Project Investment (DHPI) at Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) will enhance NWP forecast support to ATEC field and virtual tests. C1 [Bowers, James; Astling, Elford] US Army, Dev Test Command, Dugway Proving Ground, UT 84022 USA. [Liu, Yubao; Hacker, Joshua; Swerdlin, Scott; Betancourt, Terri; Warner, Thomas] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bowers, J (reprint author), US Army, Dev Test Command, Dugway Proving Ground, UT 84022 USA. EM james.fbowers@us.army.mil; elford.astling@us.army.mil; yliu@ucar.edu; hacker@ucar.edu; swerdlin@ucar.edu; terri@ucar.edu; wamer@ucar.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 255 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900038 ER PT B AU Ketcham, SA Wilson, DK Cudney, HH Parker, MW AF Ketcham, Stephen A. Wilson, D. Keith Cudney, Harley H. Parker, Michael W. TI Spatial processing of urban acoustic wave fields from high-performance computations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB Future US Army ground sensors in urban terrain will process acoustic signals to detect, classify, and locate sources of interest. Optimal processing will require understanding of the effects of the urban infrastructure on sound propagation. These include multi-path phenomena that will complicate sensing, and must be accounted for in sensor placement and performance algorithms. The objective of this work is to develop spatial processing techniques for acoustic wave propagation data from three-dimensional high-performance computations to quantify scattering due to urban structures and develop reduced-order models of wave-field data. The work applies Fourier analysis to urban acoustic wave-field data to generate measures of signal fading caused by scattering. The work calculates these measures from ratios of Fourier transforms of wave-field signals with and without scattering to isolate the structure-induced scattering. In addition, we calculate impulse response functions of acoustic wave-field data, and use these functions as the input to a system realization algorithm to produce reduced-order wave-field models. The results include signal fading as functions of distance and frequency for an urban acoustic model that includes structures like those in a small-city periphery. The results also include predicted acoustic wave-field signals from reduced-order models in comparison with full-model signals. We conclude that the spatial processing of urban acoustic wave fields from high-performance computations produces broadly useful measures for understanding and modeling urban wave propagation. C1 [Ketcham, Stephen A.; Wilson, D. Keith; Cudney, Harley H.; Parker, Michael W.] USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Ketcham, SA (reprint author), USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 289 EP 295 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900044 ER PT B AU Clarke, JA Mark, ER AF Clarke, Jerry A. Mark, Eric R. TI Enhancements to the eXtensible Data Model and Format (XDMF) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB The eXtensible Data Model and Format (XDMF) is an active common data hub used to pass meta data and value between application modules in a standard fashion. XDMF views data as consisting of two basic types: Light data and Heavy data. Light data is both meta data and small amounts of values. Heavy data typically consists of large arrays of values. Support for XDMF is included in the widely used visualization package ParaView, computational codes like ALE3D from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and the SIERRA computational framework from Sandia National Laboratory (SNL). A major effort is now under way to enhance XDMF to more directly support concepts like Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR), mixed topologies, higher order elements and parallel datasets. Discussed here are the motivations for the enhancements and the benefits of the new version. C1 [Clarke, Jerry A.; Mark, Eric R.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Clarke, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 322 EP 327 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900050 ER PT B AU Morris, GR AF Morris, Gerald R. TI Floating-point computations on reconfigurable computers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB Modern reconfigurable computers combine general-purpose processors with field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The FPGAs are, in effect, reconfigurable application-specific coprocessors. During one run, the FPGA might be a matrix-vector multiply coprocessor; during another run, it might be a linear equation solver. There are several issues associated with the mapping of floating-point computations onto RCs. There is the determination of what the author terms "the FPGA design boundary," i.e., the portion of the application that is mapped onto the FPGA. Furthermore, FPGA-based kernel performance is heavily dependent upon both pipelining and parallelism. The author has coined the phrase "the three p's " to encapsulate this important relationship. In this paper, important FPGA design boundary heuristics are described, and a toroidal architecture and partitioned loop algorithm are used to maximize both pipelining and parallelism for a double-precision floating-point sparse matrix conjugate gradient solver that is mapped onto a reconfigurable computer. Wall clock run time comparisons show that the FPGA-augmented version runs more than two times faster than the software-only version. C1 USACE Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Morris, GR (reprint author), USACE Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM gerald.r.monis@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900053 ER PT B AU Kedziorek, D Czerniak, GP AF Kedziorek, Dan Czerniak, Gregory P. TI HPC access using "KVM over IP" SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB The Research, Development and Engineering Command, Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (RDECOM-TARDEC) has been working with IP Video Systems (formerly Teraburst Networks) since 2002. Among the various keyboard-video-mouse over internet protocol (KVM over JP) solutions that are on the market today, our research has revealed that the IP Video Systems solutions seem to be the best suited for Department of Defense (DoD) needs, especially those of the High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP). Recognizing this, in late 2003, we submitted an Army Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) topic to tailor further develop of KVM-over-IP technology to the needs of high performace computing centers. These requirements included low-latency transmission of high resolution and high refresh rate video, active stereo synchronization, peripheral, and audio signals. Security, advanced compression techniques, configurability, and a reduced form factor were other considerations. Expected completion of the SBIR Phase II effort is planned for late FY 07. This paper will discuss the history, success, technical specification, and future plans of this technology as a result of this SBIR effort. C1 [Kedziorek, Dan; Czerniak, Gregory P.] USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. RP Kedziorek, D (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 345 EP 349 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900054 ER PT B AU Park, SJ Henz, B Shires, D AF Park, Song Jun Henz, Brian Shires, Dale TI Reconfigurable computing for high performance computing computational science SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB Parallel computing systems with thousands of processors are now common and more affordable due to the focus on clustered commodity processors. However, both market and physical factors are converging that will limit the performance of these systems in the future. Hardware advances over the past several decades have been empirically observed with remarkable precision to obey Moore's law, predicting an increase in transistor density by about a factor of two every eighteen months. Maintaining these improvements has become problematic as power dissipation and other size-limiting factors become more pronounced at smaller feature size. Reconfigurable computing, or heterogeneous computing, is offering hope to the scientific computing community as a way to provide continued growth in computing capability. This paper discusses some of the hardware and software associated with this new technology. It also provides a discussion on the overall state of the technology for use by computational scientists. This is done by exploring a sample problem related to bit- and integer-based applications. C1 [Park, Song Jun; Henz, Brian; Shires, Dale] USA, Res Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Park, SJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 350 EP 358 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900055 ER PT B AU Vickery, RJ Martin, J Fowler, JE Moorhead, R Dandass, Y Atkison, T Cedilnik, A Adams, P Clarke, J AF Vickery, Rhonda J. Martin, Joel Fowler, James E. Moorhead, Robert Dandass, Yogi Atkison, Travis Cedilnik, Andy Adams, Paul Clarke, Jerry TI Web-based high performance remote visualization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB This work describes a web browser-based remote visualization capability for large datasets. We discuss recent enhancements including access to databases and remote resources, as well as the addition of two image compression algorithms and their effect on performance. Results indicate that the existing SeQuential Unified-channel Image Run Transmission (SQUIRT) image compression algorithm performs best for large bandwidth situations while the new binary set splitting with k-d trees (BISK) algorithm works better than the previous JPEG compression scheme. The results from a study on encryption effects on the data stream show that encryption does not add a significant amount of overhead. C1 [Vickery, Rhonda J.; Martin, Joel; Fowler, James E.; Moorhead, Robert; Dandass, Yogi; Atkison, Travis] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Cedilnik, Andy] Kitware Inc, Clifton Pk, NY USA. [Adams, Paul] USACE, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Clarke, Jerry] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Vickery, RJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rvickery@gri.msstate.edu; jmartin@gri.msstate.edu; fowler@cse.msstate.edu; rjm@gri.msstate.edu; yogi@cse.msstate.edu; tla96@msstate.edu; andy.cedilnik@kitware.com; paul.adams@erdc.usace.army.mil; clarke@arl.army.mil FU DoD HPCMP User Productivity Enhancement and Technology Transfer activities through Mississippi State University [GS04T01BFC0060] FX The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United Stated Air Force, Department of Defense, United States Government, or Mississippi State University. Portions of this work were made possible through support provided by DoD HPCMP User Productivity Enhancement and Technology Transfer activities through Mississippi State University under contract No. GS04T01BFC0060. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 364 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900057 ER PT B AU Petit, G Ianni, J Monaghan, M AF Petit, George Ianni, James Monaghan, Martin TI A comparative study of ARL linux cluster performance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB Since 2003, with the installation of a 256 processor Linux Networx AEON 1686 system (Powell), Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has been providing large-scale Linux cluster production systems for use within the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP). This initial system was followed in 2004 with the 2,048 processor Linux Networx AEON EM64T (JVN) and 2,304 processor IBM Opteron (Stryker) systems, and in 2007 by the 3,368-core Intel Dempsey (Humvee) and 4,488-core Intel Woodcrest (MJM) systems. These latest systems provide an increased peak performance of over 15 times the original Xeon 1686 system in a four year period. The purpose of this paper is provide a comparative study of the three generations of Linux clusters' capabilities to process some of the most widely used production codes used within the ARL environment. The codes to be benchmarked will include CTH, CFD++, GAMESS, and OVERFLOW. The codes will be run on Powell, JVN and Ping (the Woodcrest testbed machine). The results will focus attention on how architecture enhancements (including CPU speed, memory per node, cache size, and interconnect fabric transfer rates) have affected the overall performance of these systems. C1 [Petit, George; Ianni, James; Monaghan, Martin] USA, Res Lab, Raytheon Co, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Petit, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Raytheon Co, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 373 EP 377 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900058 ER PT B AU Simon, TA Cable, SB Mahmoodi, M AF Simon, Tyler A. Cable, Sam B. Mahmoodi, Mahin TI Application scalability and performance on multicore architectures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shared Resource Center has recently upgraded its Cray XT3 system from single-core to dual-core AMD Opteron processors and has procured a quad-core XT4 supercomputer for installation in early 2008. This paper provides performance analysis of several representative Department of Defense applications executed on single-core and dual-core AMD Opteron processors. The authors provide a detailed strong-scaling study that focuses on addressing some areas of contention that may lead to increased job run times on applications running on many thousands of processors. The authors intend to use the results of this study as a guide for determining application performance on the quad-core Cray XT4. C1 [Simon, Tyler A.; Cable, Sam B.; Mahmoodi, Mahin] USACE, ERDC MSRC, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Simon, TA (reprint author), USACE, ERDC MSRC, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 378 EP 381 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900059 ER PT B AU Baca, J Monceaux, W Rappold, K Duett, P Buchanan, K Swillie, S Browning, G AF Baca, Julie Monceaux, Wes Rappold, Keith Duett, Patti Buchanan, Kimba Swillie, Scotty Browning, Glen TI ezHPC: Adopting a program-wide, user-centered design approach to the ezHPC user interface SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB The Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shared Resource Center (ERDC MSRC) has been tasked by the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) to adopt a program-wide design for the development of the recently introduced ezHPC user interface. The purpose of ezHPC is to provide all HPCMP users intuitive, efficient access to high performance computing (HPC) resources needed in their regular course of work. At the core of user-centered design is an emphasis on fully understanding HPC users and their work environment, enabling support for user needs, not developer concerns, to drive the design process. Fulfilling this goal requires the use of a variety of methods from the field of usability engineering. For ezHPC, methods have included to date (1) inclusion of users as Part of the design team, (2) a facilitated focus group session, (3) a usability walkthrough, (4) a usability evaluation, and (5) rapid prototyping. In adherence to user-centered design, a user group (UG) was formed to serve as participants in the design of the ezHPC software. ezHPC UG members participated in a recent workshop for the purpose of assessing and improving the usability of the program-wide version of ezHPC. Results are currently being used to guide the new design of the ezHPC interface using rapid prototyping. Prototypes are under development for regular reviews by the UG, followed by iterative refinement. This direct early involvement of users ensures more responsive, user-centered interfaces. Formal, large-scale usability evaluations are expected in the latter half of the software cycle. C1 [Baca, Julie] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Monceaux, Wes; Rappold, Keith; Duett, Patti; Buchanan, Kimba; Swillie, Scotty; Browning, Glen] USACE, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Major Shared Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Baca, J (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM baca@gri.msstate.edu; Weston.P.Monceaux@erdc.usace.army.mil; Keith.N.Rappold@erdc.usace.army.mil; Patti.S.Duett@erdc.usace.army.mil; Kimba.Buchanan@erdc.usace.army.mil; Scotty.Swillie@erdc.usace.army.mil; Glen.J.Browning@erdc.usace.army.mil FU DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Engineer Research; Development Center Major Shared Resource Center; Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS FX This work was supported by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shared Resource Center, Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 382 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900060 ER PT B AU Bennett, PM AF Bennett, Paul M. TI Sustained systems performance test on HPCMP systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB This paper presents a brief description of the sustained system performance (SSP) test, which is designed to quantitatively track the performance of Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) high performance computing (HPC) systems throughout their life cycles. The effects of incremental changes in system software, workarounds for hardware problems, and changes to scheduler operations on system performance can all be quantitatively evaluated. Data from runs of the SSP test conducted on selected HPC systems in the HPCMP will be used to demonstrate the benchmark. C1 USACE, ERDC MSRC, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Bennett, PM (reprint author), USACE, ERDC MSRC, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM Paul.M.Bennett@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 394 EP 402 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900062 ER PT B AU Yu, CG Wilson, PA AF Yu, Chenggang Wilson, Paul A. TI A tool for creating and parallelizing bioinformatics pipelines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID SYSTEM AB Bioinformatics pipelines enable life scientists to effectively analyze biological data through automated multi-step processes constructed by individual programs and databases. The huge amount of data and time consuming computations require effectively parallelized pipelines to provide results within a reasonable time. To reduce researchers' programming burden for pipeline creation and parallelization, we developed the Bioinformatics Pipeline Generation and Parallelization Toolkit (BioGent). A user needs only to create a pipeline definition file that describes the data processing sequence and input/output files. A program termed schedpipe in the BioGent toolkit takes the definition file and executes the designed procedure. Schedpipe automatically parallelizes the pipeline execution by performing independent data processing steps on multiple CPUs, and by decomposing big datasets into small chunks and processing them in parallel. Schedpipe controls program execution on multiple CPUs through a simple application programming interface (API) of the Parallel Job Manager (PJM) library. As a part of the BioGent toolkit, PJM was developed to effectively launch and monitor programs on multiple CPUs using a Message Passing Interface (MPI) protocol. The PJM AN can also be used to parallelize other serial programs. A demonstration using PJM for parallelization shows 10% to 50% savings in time compared to an indigenous parallelization through a batch queuing system. C1 [Yu, Chenggang; Wilson, Paul A.] USA, MRMC, Biotechnol HPC Software Applicat Inst, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Yu, CG (reprint author), USA, MRMC, Biotechnol HPC Software Applicat Inst, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 417 EP 420 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900065 ER PT B AU Jiang, XH Kumar, K Wallqvist, A Reifman, J AF Jiang, Xiaohui Kumar, Kamal Wallqvist, Anders Reifman, Jaques TI DOVIS: A tool for high-throughput virtual screening SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English Estonian DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID DOCKING AB We developed a DOcking-based VIrtual Screening (DOVIS) pipeline to predict how small molecules may interact with a given protein, so that we can rank a large database of molecules based on their predicted affinities to the protein. We used the program AutoDock as the docking engine and OpenBabel as the molecular data model. We designed and implemented a novel parallelization scheme using a file-based inter-process communication protocol to control parallel jobs. A Web-server/Web-page architecture was developed based on the User Interface Toolkit (UIT) to manage DOVIS jobs on high performance computing (HPC) platforms and provide a Web-page-based graphical user interface (GUI). The DOVIS pipeline is running on JVN at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Major Shared Resource Center (MSRC). Scientists at several Department of Defense (DoD) labs are currently using the DOVIS pipeline in their research projects. C1 [Jiang, Xiaohui; Kumar, Kamal; Wallqvist, Anders; Reifman, Jaques] USA, MRMC, BHSAI, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Jiang, XH (reprint author), USA, MRMC, BHSAI, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. OI wallqvist, anders/0000-0002-9775-7469 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 421 EP 424 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900066 ER PT B AU Chushak, Y Foy, B Frazier, J AF Chushak, Yaroslav Foy, Brent Frazier, John TI Stochastic simulations of cellular biological processes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID SYSTEMS AB At the functional level, all biological processes in cells can be represented as a series of biochemical reactions that are stochastic in nature. We have developed a software package called Biomolecular Network Simulator (BNS) that uses a stochastic approach to model and simulate complex biomolecular reaction networks. Two simulation algorithms-the exact Gillespie stochastic. simulation algorithm and the approximate adaptive tau-leaping algorithm-are implemented for generating Monte Carlo trajectories that describe the evolution of a system of biochemical reactions. The software uses a combination of MATLAB and C-coded functions and is parallelized with the Message Passing Interface (MPI) library to run on multiprocessor architectures. C1 [Chushak, Yaroslav] USA, MRMC, BHSIA, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Foy, Brent] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Frazier, John] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Chushak, Y (reprint author), USA, MRMC, BHSIA, Ft Detrick, MD USA. EM schushak@bioanalysis.org; brent.foy@wright.edu; john.frazier@wpafb.af.mil FU US Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program, under the High Performance Computing Software Applications Institutes initiative; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program FX The work of Yaroslav Chushak was sponsored by the US Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program, under the High Performance Computing Software Applications Institutes initiative. The work of Brent Foy was made possible by a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and by the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 425 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900067 ER PT B AU Eslinger, OJ Hines, AM Howington, S Ballard, JR Peters, J White, BC McAllister, P AF Eslinger, Owen J. Hines, Amanda M. Howington, Stacy Ballard, Jerrell R., Jr. Peters, John White, Barry C. McAllister, Preston TI Omicron: Rapid mesh generation on HPC platforms for the study of near surface phenomena with remote sensing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB A technique is presented for rapidly producing unstructured finite element meshes in support of large-scale remote sensing simulations. These tetrahedral meshes typically have more than one million elements and more than 250 thousand nodes, and allow for arbitrary placement of objects into the domain. Open-source mesh generation packages are used in conjunction with a tetrahedra element smoothing operation to achieve the desired final meshes. Meshes can be reproduced in less than 30 minutes on a Cray XT3 architecture. C1 [Eslinger, Owen J.; Hines, Amanda M.; Howington, Stacy; Ballard, Jerrell R., Jr.; Peters, John; White, Barry C.; McAllister, Preston] USACE, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Eslinger, OJ (reprint author), USACE, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 463 EP 468 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900073 ER PT B AU Tracy, FT Oppe, TC Gavali, S AF Tracy, Fred T. Oppe, Thomas C. Gavali, Sharad TI Testing parallel linear iterative solvers for finite element groundwater flow problems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB The modeling of groundwater flow using three-dimensional finite element discretizations creates a need to solve large systems of sparse linear equations (Ax = b) at each of several nonlinear iterations. These linear systems can be difficult to solve because of the ill-conditioning of the matrix A resulting from the widely varying magnitudes of its coefficients. Because the meshes may contain millions of nodes, iterative solvers are typically used to perform the Ax = b solution. Since 80 percent or more of the computational time is spent in the iterative solver part of the computer program, choosing the most efficient solver for each application can dramatically reduce the total solution time. This paper tests 12 Krylov subspace parallel linear iterative solvers with five preconditioners (60 scenarios) on linear systems of equations resulting from a finite element study of remediation of a military site using pump-and-treat technology. Both symmetric, positive-definite matrices resulting from a Picard linearization of the nonlinear equations for the steady-state case, and nonsymmetric matrices, arising from a Newton linearization of the nonlinear equations of a transient case, are studied. The Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation (PETSc) library was used in this study on the Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shared Resource Center SGI O3K and Cray XT3 computers. Matrix data corresponding to each subdomain in a parallel groundwater finite element program were first written to a file in a compressed sparse column format. A separate program was then written in FORTRAN to read these data, renumber the nodes, call the PETSc routines to load A and b and then solve for x, and finally compute error norms. Solver time, iteration count, 2-norm and infinity-norm of the residual after convergence, weak speedup, and strong speedup are tabulated in this paper for the different scenarios and then analyzed. C1 [Tracy, Fred T.; Oppe, Thomas C.] USACE, ERDC MSRC, Vicksburg, MS 39183 USA. [Gavali, Sharad] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Tracy, FT (reprint author), USACE, ERDC MSRC, Vicksburg, MS 39183 USA. EM Fred.T.Tracy@erdc.usace.army.mil; Thomas.C.Oppe@erdc.usace.army.mil; gavali@nas.nasa.gov FU Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shred Resource Center, Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS FX This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shred Resource Center, Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 474 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900075 ER PT J AU Grujicic, M Pandurangan, B Huang, Y Cheeseman, BA Roy, WN Skaggs, RR AF Grujicic, M. Pandurangan, B. Huang, Y. Cheeseman, B. A. Roy, W. N. Skaggs, R. R. TI Impulse loading resulting from shallow buried explosives in water-saturated sand SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART L-JOURNAL OF MATERIALS-DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE detonation; shallow buried mine; blast loading; AUTODYN ID MODEL AB A transient non-linear dynamics analysis of the detonation of a landmine buried to different depths in water-saturated sand is carried out in order to determine the resulting impulse loading. The results obtained are compared with their experimental counterparts obtained using the vertical impulse measurement fixture (VIMF), a structural mechanical device that enables direct experimental determination of the blast-loading impulse. The mechanical response of the structural steel used in the construction of the VIMF and the hydrodynamic response of the TNT high-energy high-pressure detonation products generated during detonation of a mine and of the air surrounding the VIMF are represented using the standard materials models available in the literature. The mechanical response of the sand surrounding the mine, on the other hand, is represented using the present authors' recent modified compaction model [1], which incorporates the effects of degree of saturation and the rate of deformation, two important effects, that are generally neglected in standard constitutive models for sand. The results obtained indicate that the use of the modified compaction model yields a substantially better agreement with the experimentally determined impulse loads over the use the original compaction model. Furthermore, the results suggest that, in the case of fully saturated sand, the blast loading is of a bubble type rather than of a shock type, i.e. it resembles under-water explosion. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USA, Res Lab, Survivabil Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Grujicic, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 241,EIB, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mica@ces.clemson.edu NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1464-4207 J9 P I MECH ENG L-J MAT JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Pt. L-J. Mater.-Design Appl. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 221 IS L1 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.1243/14644207JMDA96 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 145AJ UT WOS:000244837400003 ER PT J AU Cavaleri, L Alves, JHGM Ardhuin, F Babanin, A Banner, M Belibassakis, K Benoit, M Donelan, M Groeneweg, J Herbers, THC Hwang, P Janssen, PAEM Janssen, T Lavrenov, IV Magne, R Monbaliu, J Onorato, M Polnikov, V Resio, D Rogers, WE Sheremet, A Smith, JM Tolman, HL van Vledder, G Wolf, J Young, I AF Cavaleri, L. Alves, J. -H. G. M. Ardhuin, F. Babanin, A. Banner, M. Belibassakis, K. Benoit, M. Donelan, M. Groeneweg, J. Herbers, T. H. C. Hwang, P. Janssen, P. A. E. M. Janssen, T. Lavrenov, I. V. Magne, R. Monbaliu, J. Onorato, M. Polnikov, V. Resio, D. Rogers, W. E. Sheremet, A. Smith, J. Mckee Tolman, H. L. van Vledder, G. Wolf, J. Young, I. TI Wave modelling - The state of the art SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE wind waves; wind-wave generation; wave-wave interaction; wave propagation; wave dissipation; wave-current interaction; numerics ID SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; WIND-GENERATED WAVES; LINEAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; SHALLOW-WATER WAVES; STOCHASTIC-EVOLUTION EQUATIONS; NONLINEAR 4-WAVE INTERACTIONS; DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; WEAK TURBULENCE THEORY; SHORT-FETCH BEHAVIOR; BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOW AB This paper is the product of the wave modelling community and it tries to make a picture of the present situation in this branch of science, exploring the previous and the most recent results and looking ahead towards the solution of the problems we presently face. Both theory and applications are considered. The many faces of the subject imply separate discussions. This is reflected into the single sections, seven of them, each dealing with a specific topic, the whole providing a broad and solid overview of the present state of the art. After an introduction framing the problem and the approach we followed, we deal in sequence with the following subjects: (Section) 2, generation by wind; 3, nonlinear interactions in deep water; 4, white-capping dissipation; 5, nonlinear interactions in shallow water; 6, dissipation at the sea bottom; 7, wave propagation; 8, numerics. The two final sections, 9 and 10, summarize the present situation from a general point of view and try to look at the future developments. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cavaleri, L.] Inst Marine Sci, I-30122 Venice, Italy. [Alves, J. -H. G. M.] MetOcean Engineers Pty Ltd, Jolimont, WA 6014, Australia. [Ardhuin, F.] French Naval Oceanog Ctr, SHOM CMO RED, F-29609 Brest, France. [Babanin, A.; Young, I.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Banner, M.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Belibassakis, K.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Shipbuilding Dept, Egaleo 12210, Greece. [Benoit, M.] Lab Natl Hydraul & Environm, F-78400 Chatou, France. [Donelan, M.] Miami Univ, RSMAS AMP, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Groeneweg, J.] Delft Hydraul, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Herbers, T. H. C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Hwang, P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Janssen, P. A. E. M.] ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Janssen, T.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Fluid Mech Sect, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Lavrenov, I. V.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. [Magne, R.] SHOM, F-29609 Brest, France. [Monbaliu, J.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Hydraul Lab, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Onorato, M.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Polnikov, V.] AM Obukhouv Inst Phys Atmoshpere, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Resio, D.; Smith, J. Mckee] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Rogers, W. E.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Sheremet, A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Tolman, H. L.] NOAA, NCEP, SAIC GSO, Camp Springs, MD USA. [van Vledder, G.] Alkyon Hydraul Consultancy & Res, NL-8300 AE Emmeloord, Netherlands. [Wolf, J.] Proudman Oceang Lab, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England. RP Cavaleri, L (reprint author), Inst Marine Sci, Castello 1364-A, I-30122 Venice, Italy. EM luigi.cavateri@ismar.cnr.it RI Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011; Babanin, Alexander/A-6676-2008; Onorato, Miguel/G-7104-2012; Young, Ian/E-7385-2011; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681; Cavaleri, Luigi/0000-0003-0360-2077; Wolf, Judith/0000-0003-4129-8221; Onorato, Miguel/0000-0001-9141-2147; Babanin, Alexander/0000-0002-8595-8204; Young, Ian/0000-0003-2233-9227; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Banner, Michael/0000-0002-0799-5341 NR 405 TC 171 Z9 172 U1 5 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 BP 603 EP 674 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2007.05.005 PG 72 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 248SX UT WOS:000252176800001 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, Howard E. BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI POVM and PV measurement in QKD - art. no. 65730M SO Quantum Information and Computation V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation V CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; OPERATOR-VALUED MEASURE; ENTANGLING PROBE; DESIGN AB I first review Positive-operator and projection valued measures in quantum mechanics, and then address a few applications in quantum key distribution (QKD). The positive operator valued measure (POVM) is useful in the design of a quantum key receiver. The projection valued (PV) measure is useful in the design of QKD eavesdropping devices. In this case the measurement determines correlations with the measurements made by the legitimate receiver and therewith the maximum information gain by the probe. It is essential to know the latter for privacy amplification. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6695-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6573 BP M5730 EP M5730 AR 65730M DI 10.1117/12.717073 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA BGJ58 UT WOS:000247640400017 ER PT S AU Wraback, M Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Shen, H AF Wraback, M. Garrett, G. A. Sampath, A. V. Shen, H. BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Optimization of nanoscale phenomena in AlGaN for improved UV emitters - art. no. 64791H SO Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE GaN; AlGaN; femtosecond; time-resolved photoluminescence; luminescence downconversion; carrier localization; carrier lifetime; nanoscale compositional inhomogeneities; radiative lifetime; radiative efficiency; nonradiative recombination ID LUMINESCENCE EFFICIENCY; ENHANCED LUMINESCENCE; AL(X)GA1-XN ALLOYS; QUANTUM-WELLS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GROWTH; GAN; INXALYGA1-X-YN; EPILAYERS; EMISSION AB We have developed AlGaN films deposited by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) that can possess enhanced internal quantum efficiency (> 30%) due to the presence of nanometer scale compositional inhomogeneities (NCI-AlGaN) within a wider bandgap matrix that inhibit nonradiative recombination through the large defect densities (> 10(10) cm(-2)) in these materials. Time- and temperature-dependent studies of the UV photoluminescence from these NCI AlGaN films as a function of growth conditions have been performed with the goal of optimizing the emission efficiency. Measurements of radiative and nonradiative lifetimes in conjunction with modeling indicate that the NCI AlGaN inherently combines inhibition of nonradiative recombination with reduction of radiative lifetime, providing a potentially higher efficiency UV emitter active region. C1 AMSRL SE EM, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), AMSRL SE EM, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6592-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6479 BP H4791 EP H4791 AR 64791H DI 10.1117/12.699181 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGF07 UT WOS:000246393600027 ER PT S AU Gerhold, MD Dhawan, A Muth, JF AF Gerhold, M. D. Dhawan, A. Muth, J. F. BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Plasmon resonance based in-line fiber optic sensing - art. no. 64790N SO Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE AB In optical fiber evanescent wave sensors, the interaction with the surrounding environment is usually obtained by tapering an optical fiber, which significantly weakens the structure. This paper describes different processes for developing optical fiber probes with gold nanoparticles on the fiber tip including focused ion beam lithography and annealing of continuous gold films by employing plasma arcs, high temperature, or a focused ion beam. Along with the tip based sensors, robust in-line optical fiber sensors were developed by fusing multimode fibers to coreless fibers and forming nanoparticles on the surface of the coreless fibers. The fiber-optic sensors were placed in mediums of different refractive indices to evaluate their chemical sensing capability. C1 Army Res Off, Durham, NC USA. RP Gerhold, MD (reprint author), Army Res Off, Durham, NC USA. RI Muth, John/E-9027-2012 OI Muth, John/0000-0002-2488-7721 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6592-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6479 BP N4790 EP N4790 AR 64790N DI 10.1117/12.693028 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGF07 UT WOS:000246393600010 ER PT S AU Khatri, H Le, C AF Khatri, Hiralal Le, Calvin BE Kurtz, JL Tan, RJ TI Estimation of electromagnetic parameters and thickness of a wall using synthetic aperture radar - art. no. 654708 SO Radar Sensor Technology XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XI CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE identification; electromagnetic parameters; synthetic aperture radar; see-thru-wall AB One of the challenges of using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to detect and classify an object behind a wall consists of determining the amount of signal attenuation introduced by the signal's propagation through the wall. This attenuation is difficult to determine because the electromagnetic properties of the wall, along with its thickness are normally not known a priori. We describe a procedure for determining the necessary parameters given that the SAR has high enough resolution such that the front and the rear surfaces of a uniform wall or cinder block wall can be determined from the SAR image. In addition, we provide a procedure for estimating the signal level behind the wall, or equivalently the attenuation due to the wall, from measured returns from its front and rear surfaces. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this procedure using data generated by XPATCH simulations. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Khatri, H (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6669-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6547 BP 54708 EP 54708 AR 654708 DI 10.1117/12.719324 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL45 UT WOS:000248194500007 ER PT S AU Innocenti, R AF Innocenti, Roberto BE Kurtz, JL Tan, RJ TI Sparse array of RF sensors for sensing through the wall - art. no. 65470B SO Radar Sensor Technology XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XI CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE SAR; multistatic; RF AB In support of the U.S. Army need for intelligence on the configuration, content, and human presence inside enclosed areas (buildings), the Army Research Laboratory is currently engaged in an effort to evaluate RF sensors for the "Sensing Through The Wall" initiative (STTW).Detection and location of the presence of enemy combatants in urban settings poses significant technical and operational challenges. This paper shows the potential of hand held RF sensors, with the possible assistance of additional sources like Unattended Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS), etc, to fulfill this role. In this study we examine both monostatic and multistatic combination of sensors, especially in configurations that allow the capture of images from different angles, and we demonstrate their capability to provide comprehensive information on a variety of buildings. Finally, we explore the limitations of this type of sensor arrangement vis-d-vis the required precision in the knowledge of the position and timing of the RF sensors. Simulation results are provided to show the potential of this type of sensor arrangement in such a difficult environment. C1 AMSRD ARL SE RU, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Innocenti, R (reprint author), AMSRD ARL SE RU, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6669-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6547 BP B5470 EP B5470 AR 65470B DI 10.1117/12.723423 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL45 UT WOS:000248194500010 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Sichina, J AF Nguyen, Lam Sichina, Jeffrey BE Kurtz, JL Tan, RJ TI SAR image formation using phase-history data from non-uniform aperture - art. no. 65470F SO Radar Sensor Technology XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XI CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE synthetic aperture radar (SAR); ultra-wideband radar (UWB); SAR image formation AB Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is formed using radar data collected from a moving platform (aircraft, vehicle, human, etc.). The radar transmits and receives backscatter signals in the down-range direction at a fixed pulse repetition interval (PRI) while the platform moves along the cross-range direction (called along-track) to generate a synthetic aperture. In the ideal situation, the platform moves at a constant speed and as a result, the radar will collect the phase-history data that are uniformly sampled along the aperture. However, in many situations the radar platform cannot be kept at a constant speed, e.g. a helicopter maneuvering over an imaging area for surveillance. The problem is even worse in the case of urban warfare with human-borne radar. A soldier moves at his own speed and creates erratic aperture sections with phase-history data that are either sparse or dense. The collected SAR data in such situation will result in SAR imagery with severe artifacts that might prevent us from detecting targets of interest. In this paper, we will present the SAR imagery of non-uniform aperture data formed using the backprojection image formation algorithm. Although the backprojection image former is well suited to an arbitrary radar aperture, the SAR image artifacts are obvious from the non-uniform aperture. Using the non-uniform aperture phase-history data, we interpolate the data using a uniform grid along the aperture. We will show the resulting imagery with reduced artifacts. We use both simulated data and the Army Research Lab BoomSAR data to illustrate the artifacts generated by non-uniform sampling and the improvement using this interpolation technique. C1 AMSRD ARL SE RU, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), AMSRD ARL SE RU, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6669-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6547 BP F5470 EP F5470 AR 65470F DI 10.1117/12.719276 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL45 UT WOS:000248194500014 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Martone, A Souniekh, M AF Ranney, Kenneth Martone, Anthony Souniekh, Mehrdad BE Kurtz, JL Tan, RJ TI Indication of slowly-moving targets via change detection SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XI CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL ID SAR IMAGERY AB Radar systems have long been recognized as an effective tool for detecting moving targets-a problem commonly referred to as moving target indication (MTI). Recent advances, including Space Time Adaptive Processing (STAP), allow for even more precise determination of a target's location relative to the radar. Still, most of these methods approach MTI from the point of view of pararneter estimation, and this sort of an approach can become problematic when the target speed is low and its associated Doppler frequency is near zero. In such cases the target signature is masked by the stationary, background clutter. Another potential drawback to STAP techniques arises from the fact that they require a relatively large number of receive channels, adding additional complexity to the radar system hardware. In this paper we present a moving-target-indication (MTI) technique that is based on a change detection paradigm. That is, rather than estimating the Doppler frequency associated with a target's motion, we propose to detect subtle differences between simultaneously collected, complex SAR images. We use simulated data to illustrate the feasibility of the approach under several different operating scenarios. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6669-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6547 AR 65470L DI 10.1117/12.720743 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL45 UT WOS:000248194500020 ER PT J AU Pomeroy, JM Grube, H Perrella, AC AF Pomeroy, J. M. Grube, H. Perrella, A. C. TI Spatial and electronic characterization of nano-features created by highly charged ions SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Meeting on Recent Developments in the Study of Radiation Effects in Matter CY DEC 05-08, 2006 CL Playa del Carmen, MEXICO DE highly charged ions; electron beam ion trap; hillock; STM; magnetic tunnel junction ID SURFACES; INSULATORS; IMPACT; AFM AB Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images of highly charged ion ( HCI) synthesized nano-features formed on the Au(111) surface are presented as well as transport studies of HCI modified magnetic tunnel junctions ( MTJs). HCIs can carry a significant amount of neutralization energy (51 keV per ion for Xe44+, used in most of the results presented) in addition to their kinetic energy. This potential energy amplifies the violence of the HCI's interaction with the surface by generating massive secondary electron and sputtered atom yields and can displace thousands of substrate atoms. This paper presents STM images of surface features observed on the Au(111) surface with emphasis on the characteristics of the physical structure and formation mechanisms. In separate experiments, the HCIs are used to ablate small portions of the oxide barrier in MTJs to allow nano-scale metal shunts to be created through the barrier. Electronic measurements of HCI irradiated MTJs demonstrate that the MTJ total conductance increases linearly with the HCI dose for thin barriers and quadratically for thicker barriers. Initial results from a second generation of MTJs demonstrate that magnetoresistance is diminished but not destroyed when HCIs are used to modify MTJ barrier layer. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Pomeroy, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.pomeroy@nist.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2007 VL 162 IS 7-8 BP 473 EP 481 DI 10.1080/10420150701470829 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 202YL UT WOS:000248940800003 ER PT J AU Dinauer, PA Brixey, CJ Moncur, JT Fanburg-Smith, JC Murphey, MD AF Dinauer, Philip A. Brixey, Clark J. Moncur, Joel T. Fanburg-Smith, Julie C. Murphey, Mark D. TI Pathologic and MR imaging features of benign fibrous soft-tissue tumors in adults SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 91st Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological-Society-of-North-America CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Chicago, IL SP Radiol Soc N Amer ID GIANT-CELL TUMOR; ABDOMINAL DESMOID TUMORS; FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION; NODULAR FASCIITIS; TENDON SHEATH; ELASTOFIBROMA-DORSI; PLANTAR FIBROMATOSIS; PROLIFERATIVE FASCIITIS; AGGRESSIVE FIBROMATOSIS; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS AB Benign fibrous (fibroblastic or myofibroblastic) soft-tissue tumors are a heterogeneous group of fibrous lesions with widely varied anatomic locations, biologic behavior, and pathologic features. The four broad categories of fibrous proliferation are benign fibrous proliferations, fibromatoses, fibrosarcomas, and fibrous proliferations of infancy and childhood. The first two categories include nonaggressive fibroblastic lesions such as nodular fasciitis, as well as fibromatoses that demonstrate more aggressive biologic behavior (eg, desmoid tumors). In adults, fibrous tumors are among the most common soft-tissue lesions encountered in clinical practice. MR imaging can be useful for defining the intrinsic signal characteristics, size, and compartmental extension of these lesions. Histologic features of the tumor also may be depicted on T2-weighted MR images. Hypocellular fibrous tumors with dense collagenous components tend to have lower signal intensity on T2-weighted images than do lesions that are more cellular or that contain greater amounts of extracellular myxoid matrix. When interpreting MR images of soft-tissue masses in adults, radiologists should be aware of the clinical behavior, common sites of occurrence, and histopathologic and imaging features of the common benign fibrous soft-tissue tumors. C1 Hosp St Raphael, Dept Diagnost Radiol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Soft Tissue Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Dinauer, PA (reprint author), Hosp St Raphael, Dept Diagnost Radiol, 1450 Chapel St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM padinauer@yahoo.com NR 68 TC 72 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 173 EP U15 DI 10.1148/rg.271065065 PG 16 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 127PV UT WOS:000243599700016 PM 17235006 ER PT J AU Mulligan, CC MacMillan, DK Noll, RJ Cooks, RG AF Mulligan, Christopher C. MacMillan, Denise K. Noll, Robert J. Cooks, R. Graham TI Fast analysis of high-energy compounds and agricultural chemicals in water with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; EXPLOSIVES; SURFACES; ONLINE; TRACE; GROUNDWATER; SYSTEM AB Novel sampling and detection methods using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) are examined in the detection of explosives (RDX, TNT, HMX, and TNB) and agricultural chemicals (atrazine, alachlor and acetochlor) from aqueous matrices and authentic contaminated groundwater samples. DESI allows analysis of solid and liquid compounds directly from surfaces of interest with little or no sample preparation. Significant savings in analysis time and sample preparation are realized. The methods investigated here include (i) immediate analysis of filter paper wetted with contaminated water samples without further sample preparation, (ii) rapid liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and (iii) analyte extraction from contaminated groundwater samples on-site using solid-phase extraction (SPE) membranes, followed by direct DESI analysis of the membrane. The wetted filter paper experiment demonstrates the maximum sample throughput for DESI analysis of aqueous matrices but has inadequate sensitivity for some of these analytes. Both the LLE and the SPE methods have adequate sensitivity. The resulting SPE membranes and/or small volume solvent extracts produced in these experiments are readily transported to off-site facilities for direct analysis by DESI. This realizes a significant reduction in the costs of sample shipping compared with those for typical liter-sized samples of groundwater. Total analysis times for these preliminary DESI analyses are comparable with or shorter than those for GC/MS and limits of detection approach environmental action levels for these compounds while maintaining a modest relative standard deviation. Tandem mass spectrometric data is used to provide additional specificity as needed. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cooks, RG (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM cooks@purdue.edu RI Noll, Robert/B-1456-2008; Cooks, R/G-1051-2015 OI Cooks, R/0000-0002-9581-9603 NR 29 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2007 VL 21 IS 22 BP 3729 EP 3736 DI 10.1002/rcm.3270 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 232BM UT WOS:000250993100025 PM 17952889 ER PT J AU Cohen, SP AF Cohen, Steven P. TI Epidemics, evolution, and sacroiliac joint pain SO REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; PERCUTANEOUS RADIOFREQUENCY DENERVATION; FACET JOINTS; DOUBLE-BLIND; SCIATICA; BLOCKS; TRIAL C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cohen, SP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1098-7339 J9 REGION ANESTH PAIN M JI Region. Anesth. Pain Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.rapm.2006.09.005 PG 4 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 123QT UT WOS:000243311100002 PM 17196485 ER PT B AU Messervey, TB Frangopol, DM AF Messervey, Thomas B. Frangopol, Dan M. BE Frangopol, DM Kawatani, M Kim, CW TI Bridge live load effects based on statistics of extremes using on-site load monitoring SO RELIABILITY AND OPTIMIZATION OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS: ASSESSMENT, DESIGN AND LIFE-CYCLE PERFORMANCE SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Working Conference on Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems CY OCT 11-14, 2006 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IFIP Working Grp 7 5 ID HIGHWAY BRIDGES AB The initial (i.e., at time t = 0) reliability index, the time-variant live load, and the resistance deterioration processes are some of the most important factors in conducting a reliability-based life-cycle analysis of a highway bridge structure. In such an analysis, at least for a newer structure, there is likely more confidence in the geometry and material properties of the structure that determine its capacity than there is in the various loading conditions and scenarios that will place demand upon the structure. Structural health monitoring (SHM) offers a potentially powerful means to obtain site-specific data. However, questions that must be addressed are: what information to collect? how often? and how it should be processed? This paper examines the potential of utilizing the statistics of extremes to answer these questions. By using on-site SHM and observing only the maximum daily peak strain values over time, it is determined that one can successfully modify an initial estimate of truck weight and volume to determine the actual distribution and volume observed at the site. Although a newly developed idea in this work and specific to an initial assumed Gumbel distribution, the method shows interesting potential in the monitoring and assessment of structural systems. C1 [Messervey, Thomas B.] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Messervey, TB (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-40655-0 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 173 EP 180 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHA69 UT WOS:000251950600017 ER PT S AU Zunino, JL Skelton, DR AF Zunino, J. L., III Skelton, D. R. BE Hartzell, AL Ramesham, R TI MEMS reliability assessment program - Progress to date - art. no. 64630D SO Reliability, Packaging, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Packaging, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS VI CY JAN 23-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA DE micro-electromehanical systems; MEMS; reliability; testing; army; department of defense AB As the Army transforms into a more lethal, lighter and agile force, the technologies that support these systems must decrease in size while increasing in intelligence. Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are one such technology that the Army and Department of Defense will rely on heavily to achieve these objectives. Current and future military applications of MEMS devices include safety and arming devices, fuzing devices, various guidance systems, sensors/detectors, inertial measurement units, tracking devices, radio frequency devices, wireless RFIDs and network systems, GPSs, radar systems, mobile base systems, satellites, missiles and the like. The MEMS devices. may be required to last as long as the lifetime of the weapon systems in which they are embedded which may be decades. MEMS devices may also be required to function properly after extended periods of inactivity while in storage. Despite the increasing reliance on MEMS devices, there have been limited studies performed to determine their reliability and failure mechanisms. Accordingly, the US Army Corrosion Office at Picatinny, NJ manages the MEMS Reliability Assessment Program to address this issue. The goals of the MEMS Reliability Assessment Program are to: 1) establish the reliability of MEMS devices including the impact of transportation, long term storage, operating environment, and packaging & interconnection issues, 2) analyze the compatibility of MEMS devices with energetic and other reactive materials that may be found in military items, 3) identify failure mechanisms and failure rates, 4) develop accelerated test protocols for assessing the reliability of MEMS, 5) develop reliability models for these devices, 6) identify a standardizing body, standard terminology, definitions, and categories for MEMS devices, and 7) determine potential test methodologies for assessing these mechanisms. Current ongoing efforts in support of the program include: 1) an assessment of the impacts of long-term storage as well as development of test standards and requirements, 2) initiation of Environmental Stress Screening (ESS) testing for the identification of failure mechanisms of selected devices, 3) drafting of a joint test protocol for assessment of the corrosion potential of MEMS devices, 4) assessment of applicability of reliability software packages for use with MEMS devices and 5) development of test guidelines and test capabilities for the assessment of MEMs reliability. Recent accomplishments of the program include an assessment of the MEMS & NEMS technologies currently of interest to the DOD, Test Guidelines for Environmental Stress Screening (ESS) of MEMS devices and components, Long-Term Storage Test Guidelines, Assessment of the Barriers to Implementation, and other tools and methodologies to facilitate the transition of MEMS & NEMS to the Department of Defense. The tools and capabilities generated under this program will benefit the MEMS user community by filling the information gap that currently exists for reliability. This will facilitate transition of this technology into weapon systems. With the rapid growth of the MEMS industry, it is crucial to consider the reliability of this emerging technology and its applications in the early stages of development. C1 USA, Corros Off, RDE Command, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Zunino, JL (reprint author), USA, Corros Off, RDE Command, Bldg 60, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6576-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6463 BP D4630 EP D4630 AR 64630D DI 10.1117/12.708242 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BGA85 UT WOS:000245833100011 ER PT S AU Zunino, JL Skelton, DR Han, W Pryputniewicz, RJ AF Zunino, James L., III Skelton, Donald R. Han, Wei Pryputniewicz, Ryszard J. BE Hartzell, AL Ramesham, R TI Hybrid approach to MEMS reliability assessment SO RELIABILITY, PACKAGING, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Packaging, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS VI CY JAN 23-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA DE MEMS technology; reliability assessment; thermal; static; dynamic loads; measurement techniques; hybrid methodology AB Recent advances in MEMS technology have led to development of a multitude of new devices. However applications of these devices are hampered by challenges posed by limited understanding of their reliability particularly the impacts of long-term storage. Current trend in micro/nanosystems is to produce ever smaller, lighter, and more capable devices in greater quantities and at a lower cost than ever before. In addition, the finished products have to operate at very low power and in very adverse conditions while assuring durable and reliable performance. Some of the new devices are being developed to function at high operational speeds, others to make accurate measurements of operating conditions in specific processes. Regardless of their application, the devices have to be reliable while in use. MEMS reliability, however, is application specific and, usually, has to be developed on a case by case basis. This paper presents a hybrid approach/methodology particularly suitable to quantitative studies of various aspects in MEMS reliability assessment. The presentation is illustrated with selected examples representing an initial study of reliability of specific MEMS. By quantitatively characterizing performance of MEMS, under different operating conditions, we can make specific suggestions for their improvements. Then, using the hybrid approach/methodology, we can verify the effect of these improvements. In this way, we can develop better understanding of functional characteristics of MEMS sensors, which will ensure that these sensors are operated at maximum performance, are durable, and are reliable. C1 USA, RDE Command, USA Corros Off, Met Mat Technol Branch,AMSRD AAR AEE P, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Zunino, JL (reprint author), USA, RDE Command, USA Corros Off, Met Mat Technol Branch,AMSRD AAR AEE P, Bldg 60, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM james.zunino@us.army.mil; donald.skelton@us.army.mil NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6576-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6463 AR 646304 DI 10.1117/12.700697 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BGA85 UT WOS:000245833100003 ER PT S AU Ryerson, CC Anderson, TS AF Ryerson, Charles C. Anderson, Thomas S. BE Ehlers, M Michel, U TI Logic tree-based GIS inference of geologic structure - art. no. 67491F SO REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, GIS APPLICATIONS, AND GEOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geol VIIl CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, NASA, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton DE GIS; geoinformatics; logic-tree; geology; seismics ID WAVES; ROCK AB We describe the concept for a logic-tree based geographic information system (GIS) that can infer subsurface geology and material properties using geoinformatics concepts. A proof-of-concept system was devised and tested integrating the capabilities of traditional terrain- and image-analysis procedures with a GIS to manipulate geospatial data. Structured logic trees were developed to guide an analyst through an interactive, geologic analysis based on querying and mentoring heuristic logic. The hypotheses were that a GIS can be programmed to 1) follow the fundamental logic sequence developed for traditional terrain- and image analysis procedures; 2) augment that sequence with correlative geospatial data from a variety of sources; and 3) integrate the inferences and data to develop "best-guess" estimates. We also developed a method to estimate depth to bedrock, and expanded an existing method to determine water table depth. Blind evaluations indicate that an analyst can infer the correct geologic conditions 70-80% of the time using this method. This geologic analysis technique can be applied wherever an estimate of subsurface geology is needed. We apply the results of our geological analysis to the prediction of local site specific seismic propagation. Comparisons are made with synthetic seismograms computed from a limited set of geological vignettes. C1 [Ryerson, Charles C.; Anderson, Thomas S.] Engn Res Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Ryerson, CC (reprint author), Engn Res Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6907-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6749 BP F7491 EP F7491 DI 10.1117/12.738004 PG 12 WC Geology; Optics SC Geology; Optics GA BHE64 UT WOS:000252485700035 ER PT S AU Yapici, A Bickraj, K Yenilmez, A Li, M Tansel, IN Martin, SA Pereira, CM Roth, LE AF Yapici, A. Bickraj, K. Yenilmez, A. Li, M. Tansel, I. N. Martin, S. A. Pereira, C. M. Roth, L. E. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Representation of the characteristics of piezoelectric fiber composites with neural networks SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects; neural networks AB Ideal sensors for the future should be economical, efficient, highly intelligent and capable of obtaining their operation power from the environment. The use of piezoelectric fiber composites coupled with a low power microprocessor and backpropagation type neural networks is proposed for the development of a simple sensor to estimate the characteristics of harmonic forces. Three neural networks were used for the estimation of amplitude, gain and variation of the load in the time domain. The average estimation errors of the neural networks were less than 8% in all of the studied cases. C1 Selcuk Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-42075 Konya, Turkey. Florida Int Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. Istanbul Tech Univ, Fac Mech Engn, TR-34437 Istanbul, Turkey. NDE Computat Consultants, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Yapici, A (reprint author), Selcuk Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-42075 Konya, Turkey. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 918 EP 925 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000118 ER PT S AU Yenilmez, A Yapici, A Tansel, IN Martin, SA Pereira, CM Roth, LE AF Yenilmez, A. Yapici, A. Tansel, I. N. Martin, S. A. Pereira, C. M. Roth, L. E. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Resign of energy scavengers with the help of finite element packages SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE piezoelectric; FEM; energy harvesting AB Self-powering sensors have been desired for future platform sensor networks to minimize wiring and related problems. The selection of the proper area of piezoelectric patches at various operating conditions is an important challenge since the selection of a large patch area increases the complexity and weight. The small patch area could not provide enough energy to operate the electronics continuously. Many Finite Element Method (FEM) packages are capable of estimating the electricity after the stress or strain distribution is calculated. In this paper, the required energy for smart sensors is briefly discussed and the use of FEM is suggested for selection of the size and best location of the piezoelectric patch. The study indicated that the oscillation frequency affects the mode shape and the generated energy drastically. FEM is very useful to determine the mode shapes and the selection of patch locations with maximum dynamic strain. C1 Tech Univ Istanbul, Fac Mech Engn, TR-34437 Istanbul, Turkey. Selcuk Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-42075 Konya, Turkey. Florida Int Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. NDE Computat Consultants, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Yenilmez, A (reprint author), Tech Univ Istanbul, Fac Mech Engn, TR-34437 Istanbul, Turkey. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 957 EP 964 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000123 ER PT B AU Sun, K Ning, P Wang, C AF Sun, Kun Ning, Peng Wang, Cliff BE Poovendran, R Wang, C Roy, S TI Secure and resilient time synchronization in wireless sensor networks SO SECURE LOCALIZATION AND TIME SYNCHRONIZATION FOR WIRELESS SENSOR AND AD HOC NETWORKS SE Advances in Information Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks CY JUN 13-14, 2005 CL Univ Washington, Seattle, WA HO Univ Washington ID TOLERANT CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION; DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS; FAULTS AB An accurate and synchronized clock time is crucial in many sensor network applications. A number of time synchronization schemes have been proposed for wireless sensor networks recently to address the resource constraints in such networks. However, most of these techniques assume benign environments, thus cannot survive malicious attacks in hostile environments, especially when there are compromised nodes. In this chapter, we present the clock model for time synchronization, and briefly introduce the insecure time synchronization techniques in wireless sensor networks. We then present the challenges and requirements to secure time synchronization and summarize the recent progress on secure time synchronization in wireless sensor networks. C1 [Sun, Kun; Ning, Peng] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wang, Cliff] US Army Res Off, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Sun, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ksun3@ncsu.edu; pning@ncsu.edu; cliff.wang@us.army.mil NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-32721-5 J9 ADV INFORM SECUR PY 2007 VL 30 BP 347 EP + PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFN28 UT WOS:000243244900015 ER PT S AU Scanlon, M Reiff, C Solomon, L AF Scanlon, Michael Reiff, Christian Solomon, Latasha BE Carapezza, EM TI Aerostat acoustic payload for transient and helicopter detection - art. no. 65380H SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense VI CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has conducted experiments using acoustic sensor arrays suspended below tethered aerostats; to detect and localize transient signals from mortars, artillery, and small arms fire. The airborne acoustic sensor array calculates an azimuth and elevation to the originating transient, and immediately cues a collocated imager to capture the remaining activity at the site of the acoustic transient. This single array's vector solution defines a ground-intersect region or grid coordinate for threat reporting. Unattended ground sensor (UGS) systems can augment aerostat arrays by providing additional solution vectors from several ground-based acoustic arrays to perform a 3D triangulation on a source location. The aerostat array's advantage over ground systems is that it is not as affected by diffraction and reflection from man-made structures, trees, or terrain, and has direct line-of-sight to most events. C1 US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Scanlon, M (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6660-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6538 BP H5380 EP H5380 AR 65380H DI 10.1117/12.723894 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BGK27 UT WOS:000247902200011 ER PT J AU Kalyani, S Krishnaiah, A Boddu, VM AF Kalyani, S. Krishnaiah, A. Boddu, V. M. TI Adsorption of divalent cobalt from aqueous solution onto chitosan-coated perlite beads as biosorbent SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adsorption; desorption; chitosan; perlite; cobalt ID METAL-IONS; WASTE-WATER; HEAVY-METAL; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; REMOVAL; BIOSORPTION; SORPTION; CADMIUM; BIOMASS; COPPER AB Chitosan coated perlite beads are prepared by drop-wise addition of a liquid slurry containing chitosan and perlite to an alkaline bath. The resulting beads are characterized using FTIR, SEM, EDXRF, and Surface area analysis and the chitosan content of the beads is 23% as determined by a pyrolysis method. Adsorption of Co (II) metal ions from aqueous solution on chitosan coated perlite beads is studied under both equilibrium and dynamic conditions. In the present investigation, a first order reversible rate equation is used to understand the kinetics of metal removal and to calculate the rate constants at different initial concentrations. The equilibrium characteristics of metal ion on newly developed biosorbent are studied and the experimental adsorption data are well fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models and the model parameters are evaluated. The effect of pH, agitation time, concentration of adsorbate, and amount of adsorbent on the extent of the adsorption are investigated. The sorbent loaded with metal is regenerated with 0.10 mol dm(-3) sodium hydroxide solution. The adsorption desorption cycles indicated that the chitosan coated perlite could be regenerated and reused to remove Co (II) from waste water. C1 Sri Venkateswara Univ, Dept Chem, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India. USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Environm Proc Branch, Champaign, IL USA. RP Krishnaiah, A (reprint author), Sri Venkateswara Univ, Dept Chem, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM abburikrishnaiah@gmail.com RI swayampakula, kalyani/D-6233-2011 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2767 EP 2786 DI 10.1080/01496390701511457 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 213GR UT WOS:000249655400015 ER PT S AU Capellos, C Baker, EL Nicolichl, S Balas, W Pincayl, J Stie, LI AF Capellos, C. Baker, E. L. Nicolichl, S. Balas, W. Pincayl, J. Stie, L. I. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Eigenvalue detonation of combined effects aluminized explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE Von Neumann spike; Eigenvalue state; W-point; aluminized explosives AB Theory and performance for recently developed combined - effects aluminized explosives are presented. Our recently developed combined-effects aluminized explosives (PAX-29C, PAX-30, PAX-42) are capable of achieving excellent metal pushing, as well as high blast energies. Metal pushing capability refers to the early volume expansion work produced during the first few volume expansions associated with cylinder and wall velocities and Gurney energies. Eigenvalue detonation explains the observed detonation states achieved by these combined effects explosives. Cylinder expansion data and thermochemical calculations (JAGUAR and CHEETAH) verify the eigenvalue detonation behavior. C1 [Capellos, C.; Baker, E. L.; Nicolichl, S.; Balas, W.; Pincayl, J.] USA, ARDEC, AETC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07800 USA. Polytech Univ, Six Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY USA. RP Capellos, C (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, AETC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07800 USA. FU Armaments Research, Development and Engineering Center; U.S. Army Research Office; Battelle [W911NF-07-D-0001] FX T. Stiel's participation was supported by the Armaments Research, Development and Engineering Center (Mr. William Poulos) under the auspices of the U.S. Army Research Office Scientific Services program administered by Battelle (Dehvery Order 0013, Contract NO.W911NF-07-D-0001). NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 357 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500083 ER PT S AU Hooper, J Romero, NA Zerilli, F AF Hooper, Joe Romero, Nichols A. Zerilli, Frank BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Predicting noncovalent interactions with nonlocal density functional theory SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE DFT; quantum chemistry; van der Waals ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; CH/PI-INTERACTION; BENZENE; METHANE; MAGNITUDE AB We assess the accuracy of a recently developed nonlocal density functional in treating van der Waals molecular systems. This new functional contains a non-empirical treatment of dispersion interactions and exhibits the appropriate behavior in the high-density limit. We present results for three model noncovalently bonded systems: the methane-benzene complex, a dimethylnitramine dimer, and a dimer of triaminotrinitrobenzene in its crystalline symmetry. Predicted interaction energies are greatly improved with this new approach as compared to conventional density functionals. Intermolecular distances are also improved, though the degree of improvement varies with the character of the intermolecular interactions, with dispersion dominated systems showing the greatest improvement. C1 [Hooper, Joe; Zerilli, Frank] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Romero, Nichols A.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hooper, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. FU NRL/ASEE Postdoctoral Fellowship at Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head; NRC Research Associateship Award at U.S. Army Research Lab FX The authors would like to thank V. Cooper, T. Thonhauser, D. C. Langreth E. F. C. Byrd, W. D. Mattson, and B. M. Rice for useful discussions. J. H. acknowledges an NRL/ASEE Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head. N. A. R. was supported by an NRC Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Army Research Lab. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 381 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500089 ER PT S AU Dandekar, AP Vaughan, BAM Proud, WG AF Dandekar, A. P. Vaughan, B. A. M. Proud, W. G. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Shear strength of aluminum oxynitride SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE aluminum oxynitride; ceramic; elastic constants; Hugoniot; shear strength AB Aluminum oxynitride (AlON) is a polycrystalline transparent ceramic. It is an attractive material as a high strength window material. In this work we analyze the results of four sets of plane shock wave experiments reported to determine the shear strength of AlON. Our analysis indicates that the compression of AlON appears to undergo a shift around 16-20 GPa becoming relatively more compressible. However, AlON continues to retain shear strength at higher stresses. The reason for the observed shift remains to be understood and explained satisfactorily. C1 [Dandekar, A. P.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dandekar, AP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM wgp1000@cam.ac.uk NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 505 EP 508 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500119 ER PT S AU Martin, M Kecskes, L Thadhani, NN AF Martin, Morgana Kecskes, Laszlo Thadhani, Naresh N. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Dynamic compression of a zirconium-based bulk metallic glass confined by a 316 stainless steel sleeve SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE bulk metallic glass; Taylor test; fracture ID FRACTURE; COMPOSITES; FLOW AB We will report on our current work on anvil-on-rod impact experiments performed on a zirconium-based bulk metallic glass (LM106m) with a stainless steel confinement sleeve. High-speed digital photography was used to obtain transient images of the deformation history, and velocity interferometry was used to determine the free surface velocity of the impacted sample. These diagnostics provided qualitative and quantitative information about the transient deformation and failure response. The recovered, impacted specimens were analyzed using microscopy and AUTODYN modeling was used to elucidate the deformation and failure mechanisms of the bulk metallic glass and the effects of the altered stress state caused by the confinement sleeve. In this paper, the dynamic compression results and corresponding analysis of the failure mechanisms will be presented. C1 [Martin, Morgana; Thadhani, Naresh N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kecskes, Laszlo] US Army Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Martin, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Trexler, Morgana/E-9003-2013; Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014 OI Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729 FU ARO [E-48148-MS-000-05123-1]; NASA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Liquidmetal Technologies for providing the specimens. This work was funded by ARO Grant No. E-48148-MS-000-05123-1 (Dr. Mullins, program monitor). M.M. is a recipient of a NASA Jenkins Fellowship. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 561 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500133 ER PT S AU Alexander, CS Chhabildas, LC Templeton, DW AF Alexander, C. S. Chhabildas, L. C. Templeton, D. W. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI The Hugoniot elastic limit of soda-lime glass SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE soda-lime glass; Hugoniot elastic limit; HEL; shockwaves ID SHOCK AB Soda-lime glass (SLG) is a highly available low cost glass formulation commonly used in window applications. Over the past decade, there have been a number of studies which have examined the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) of this material resulting in a wide range of values from 3.1 to 6.0 GPa. The determination of the HEL is complicated by many factors including ramp loading due to the convex downward curvature of the Hugoniot at low pressures. Results of transmitted wave profile experiments up to 20 GPa are presented and analyzed to determine the loading and release characteristics of SLG near the HEL. Results indicate a response that is more complex than the elastic - plastic response typical of many materials, possibly explaining the wide range in initially reported HEL values. C1 [Alexander, C. S.; Chhabildas, L. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Templeton, D. W.] US Army Tank Automot Res, Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Alexander, CS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000.] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 733 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500174 ER PT S AU Bourne, NK Millett, JCF Chen, MW Dandekar, DP McCauley, JW AF Bourne, N. K. Millett, J. C. F. Chen, M. W. Dandekar, D. P. McCauley, J. W. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Failure above and below the elastic limit in AD995 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE shock; alumina; microstructure; ceramic ID BRITTLE SOLIDS; SHOCK-WAVE; ALUMINA; COMPRESSION AB There is an ongoing interest in identifying inexpensive armour materials for use in the protection of personnel and vehicles. The response of AD995 under shock loading is one of the materials most extensively investigated. Over recent years, workers have reported failure occurring in various polycrystalline ceramics behind the shock front. This phenomenon has been investigated using embedded stress sensors and a recovery technique that has allowed observation of the microstructure above and below the Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) and these results are brought together here to explain the observed behaviour. The failure front velocity is found to change with the applied stress, in particular it slows as the HEL is exceeded. The microstructure shows the response below the HEL is dominated by intergranular failure whilst above it, the grains exhibit plasticity (including twinning). The HEL is thus shown to be characteristic of alumina viewed as a composite with randomly oriented alumina grains. C1 [Bourne, N. K.; Millett, J. C. F.] AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Chen, M. W.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Dandekar, D. P.; McCauley, J. W.] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Bourne, NK (reprint author), AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 739 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500175 ER PT S AU Kanel, GI Savinykh, AS Garkushin, GV Razorenov, SV Rajendran, A AF Kanel, G. I. Savinykh, A. S. Garkushin, G. V. Razorenov, S. V. Rajendran, A. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Phenomenological description of the failure waves in glasses SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE glass; shock compression; failure wave; computer simulations AB A combustion-like model of failure wave has been developed accounting for new data on the response of intact and comminuted glass to longitudinal and bulk compression and release. The bulk compressibility of soda-lime glass was measured by the mixture method. It has been found that, under uniaxial compression, the Poisson's ratio increases up to the value close to 0.5. The strong dependence of the Poisson's ratio on deviatoric stress results in increase of average unloading impedance of cracked glass that explains small value of the recompression signal. The failure wave model includes equations of state of intact and comminuted glass, a criterion of compressive fracture, and an equation that relates damage accumulation rate to the damage parameter gradient. Computer simulations with this model reproduce well all details of observed behavior of the glass. C1 [Kanel, G. I.] Joint Inst High Temp, Izhorskaya 13-19, Moscow 125412, Russia. [Savinykh, A. S.; Garkushin, G. V.; Razorenov, S. V.] Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. [Rajendran, A.] US Army, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kanel, GI (reprint author), Joint Inst High Temp, Izhorskaya 13-19, Moscow 125412, Russia. RI Kanel, Gennady/K-1657-2013; Razorenov, Sergei/O-6450-2014 FU U.S. Army Research Office [N62558-05-P-0113] FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Army Research Office, under contract N62558-05-P-0113, and by the Basic Research Program of Russian Academy of Sciences "Physics and mechanics of strongly compressed matter and the problems of interior structure of earth and planets". NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 751 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500178 ER PT S AU Orphal, DL Anderson, CE Behner, T Hohlel-, V Wickert, M Templeton, DW AF Orphal, Dennis L. Anderson, Charles E., Jr. Behner, Thilo Hohlel-, Volker Wickert, Matthias Templeton, Douglas W. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Failure kinetics in borosilicate glass during rod impact SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE failure wave; glass; rod impact ID TAYLOR IMPACT AB Failure front (FF) and penetration velocity have been measured for long gold rods impacting and penetrating borosilicate (BS) glass. Data are obtained by visualizing simultaneously FF propagation with a high speed camera and rod penetration with flash X-rays. Results for BS glass are qualitatively similar to those of DEDF (PbO) glass. FF velocity rapidly decreases from an initial value to a lower, approximately constant value. FF velocity increases with impact velocity, v(p), The FF velocity remains significantly lower than the shear velocity, even at the highest impact velocity tested, about 2.5 km/s. The ratio of the FF velocity to the rod penetration velocity, V-F/u. decreases with increasing vp and appears to be approaching V-F/u = 1 asymptotically, as observed previously for DEDF glass. The separation of the FF and the tip of the rod decreases with increasing impact velocity. Importantly, since V-F/u >= 1, the gold rod is always penetrating glass behind the FF. C1 [Orphal, Dennis L.] Int Res Assoc Inc, 4450 Black Ave, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. [Anderson, Charles E., Jr.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Anderson, Charles E., Jr.; Behner, Thilo; Hohlel-, Volker; Wickert, Matthias] Ernst Mach Inst, Fraunhofer Inst Kurzzeitdynam, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Templeton, Douglas W.] US Army, RDECOM TACOM, AMST TR R, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Orphal, DL (reprint author), Int Res Assoc Inc, 4450 Black Ave, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 759 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500180 ER PT S AU Savinykh, AS Kanel, GI Razorenov, SV Rajendran, A AF Savinykh, A. S. Kanel, G. I. Razorenov, S. V. Rajendran, A. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI A study of pre-stress effect on the failure waves in glasses SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE glass; fracture; failure wave ID COMPRESSION AB Results of shock-wave experiments with free and pre-stressed samples of K8 crown glass, K14 crown glass and fused quartz are presented. Controlled confinement pressure on the specimen in the range of 200 MPa to 300 MPa was provided by installing a shrink-fit metal sleeve on the lateral surface of the sample disk. The shock compression pulses of approximately triangular profile were created using thin aluminum impactors and PMMA base plates. The peak shock stresses in the range of 5.5 GPa to 8.5 GPa were sufficient to initiate the failure waves, whereas following unloading stopped the cracking. Results of measurements of the free surface velocity histories show that pre-stressing results in earlier braking of the failure wave. Thus, the compressive transversal stress increases the failure threshold that is in agreement with existing criteria of compressive fracture. C1 [Savinykh, A. S.; Razorenov, S. V.] Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. [Kanel, G. I.] Joint Inst High Temperatures, Moscow 125412, Russia. [Rajendran, A.] US Army, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Savinykh, AS (reprint author), Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. RI Kanel, Gennady/K-1657-2013; Razorenov, Sergei/O-6450-2014 FU US Army Research Office through CRDF GAP [RUE2-1615-MO-06] FX The work was supported by the US Army Research Office through CRDF GAP grant number RUE2-1615-MO-06. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 767 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500182 ER PT S AU Billingsley, JP AF Billingsley, J. P. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI FOX-7 specific heat prediction from a proposed nominal/generic specific heat for CHNO energetic compounds SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE FOX-7; specific heat; CHNO explosives; 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitro ethylene AB A proposed nominal/generic (N/G) C-P (specific heat at constant pressure) for CHNO energetic materials is employed to predict the specific heat C-P for FOX-7, (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitro ethylene). C1 AMSRD AMR SS EG, US ARMY RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Billingsley, JP (reprint author), AMSRD AMR SS EG, US ARMY RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 891 EP 894 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500211 ER PT S AU Billingsley, JP AF Billingsley, James P. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI PBX-9502 shock sensitivity correlation with specific heat and reactive temperature magnitudes SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE PBX-9502; TATB; detonation criteria; specific heat; reactive temperatures AB Plane shock energy inputs on the order of the thermal vibratory energy increment, Delta(v.e)T-R = integral(TR)(TEXP) C(P)dT between experimental conditions (T-EXP) and reactive conditions (T-R), are sufficient to create shock induced reactions, up to and including detonations, in energetic materials. This is demonstrated for PBX-9502. C1 AMS RD AMR SS EG, US Army RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Billingsley, JP (reprint author), AMS RD AMR SS EG, US Army RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 895 EP 898 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500212 ER PT B AU Hallmark, TB Ressler, EK AF Hallmark, Tyler B. Ressler, Eugene K. GP ACM TI Parallel Evolution of Game Evaluation Functions In Ada SO SIGADA'07: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 ACM SIGADA ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ACM SIGAda Annual International Conference (SIGAda 07) CY NOV 04-09, 2007 CL Fairfax, VA SP ACM SIGAda DE Algorithms; Design; Experimentation; Languages; Performance AB This is an Ada experience report, where we conclude that Ada tasking and distributed processing facilities make it a good research tool for experimentation with algorithms that might eventually need multiple processors. We implemented a genetic algorithm in Ada to create effective computer players for Connect4. Key to our success was employing Ada tasking and ALRM Annex E Distributed computing to harness a symmetric multiprocessor and a distributed machine with very few code changes. Easy extension of an original single-task code to multi-tasking and distributed variants-even though extension was not planned in advance-was essential to timely completion. Using either the parallel or distributed implementation, about 150 processor hours were sufficient to evolve players that neither the GNU "Four-in-a-Row" Expert player nor the author could defeat. This algorithm relies on human expertise to restrict the genetic search space. Work is in progress on a new algorithm with near-zero encoded knowledge, which will run on 220 distributed nodes within the same distributed computing framework. C1 [Hallmark, Tyler B.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10997 USA. RP Hallmark, TB (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10997 USA. EM tyler.hallmark@us.army.mil; ressler@usma.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-876-3 PY 2007 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJI01 UT WOS:000266032300005 ER PT S AU Kirchner, KW Jones, KA Derenge, MA Dudley, M Powell, A AF Kirchner, K. W. Jones, K. A. Derenge, M. A. Dudley, M. Powell, A. BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI Mosaicity and wafer bending in SiC wafers as measured by double and triple crystal x-ray rocking curve and peak position maps SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2006 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE high resolution x-ray diffraction; rocking curve maps; peak position maps AB Double and triple crystal rocking curve and peak position maps are constructed for a 4HSiC wafer for the symmetric (0 0 0 8) reflection in the normal position, the same reflection for a sample rotated 90 degrees, and an asymmetric (12 3 6) reflection for the wafer in the normal position. These measurements were corrected for the 'wobble' in the instrument by scanning a 4" (1 1 1) Si wafer and assuming that the Si wafer was perfect and attributing the variations in the measurements to instrumental error. The x-ray measurements are correlated with a cross polar image, etch pit density map, white beam transmission x-ray topograph, and a laser light scan. C1 Army Res Lab SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kirchner, KW (reprint author), Army Res Lab SEDD, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 213 EP 218 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900050 ER PT S AU Jones, KA Zheleva, TS Vispute, RD Hullavarad, SS AF Jones, K. A. Zheleva, T. S. Vispute, R. D. Hullavarad, S. S. BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI The D-1 defect is associated with a stacking fault? SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2006 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE D-1; defect; ion implantation; stacking faults; divacancy ID SILICON AB Using TEM we show that defective regions are formed in SiC by ion implantation, and that some of the regions grow at the expense of others. Using HRTEM we show that these regions contain a large number of stacking faults. It is proposed that these stacking faults are Frank intrinsic stacking faults formed by condensation of divacancies, and it is this defect that is associated with the D-I defect. C1 [Jones, K. A.; Zheleva, T. S.] Army Res Lab SEDD, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Vispute, R. D.; Hullavarad, S. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), Army Res Lab SEDD, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 287 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900068 ER PT S AU Jones, KA Wood, MC Zheleva, TS Kirchner, KW Derenge, MA Bolonikov, A Sudarshan, TS Vispute, RD Hullavarad, SS Dhar, S AF Jones, K. A. Wood, M. C. Zheleva, T. S. Kirchner, K. W. Derenge, M. A. Bolonikov, A. Sudarshan, T. S. Vispute, R. D. Hullavarad, S. S. Dhar, S. BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI Comparison of graphite and BN/AIN annealing caps for ion implanted SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2006 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE graphite; aluminum nitride; annealing cap; ion implantation ID AL AB 4H-SiC samples implanted with 10(20) Al were annealed at various temperatures with a BN/AIN or graphite cap, and there morphological, structural, and electrical properties are compared. No blow holes were observed in either cap. Some Si out-diffuses through the graphite cap which results in a rougher surface and a structurally modified region near the surface. The BN/AIN cap annealed at 1800 degrees C cannot be readily removed, whereas the graphite cap can be removed easily after any annealing temperature. The sheet resistances for both types of samples were about the same. C1 [Jones, K. A.; Wood, M. C.; Zheleva, T. S.; Kirchner, K. W.; Derenge, M. A.] SEDD, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Bolonikov, A.; Sudarshan, T. S.; Vispute, R. D.] Univ South Carolina, Elect Engn Dept, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Hullavarad, S. S.; Dhar, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), SEDD, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 575 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900136 ER PT S AU Pennington, G Potbhare, S Goldsman, N Habersat, D Lelis, A McGarrity, J Ashman, C AF Pennington, G. Potbhare, S. Goldsman, N. Habersat, D. Lelis, A. McGarrity, J. Ashman, C. BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI Investigation of drain current saturation in 4H-SiC MOSFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2006 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE MOSFET; mobility; charge trapping; device modeling; surface phonon scattering ID MOBILITY; TEMPERATURE; INTERFACE AB Electronic measurement coupled with device and material modeling of lateral long-channel 4H-SiC MOSFETs is used to investigate current saturation. Observed increases in drain current with increases in temperature are shown to result from a reduction in interface charge trapping. If trapping is ignored, the saturation current is predicted to decrease with increasing temperature as a result of interface phonon scattering. C1 [Pennington, G.; Potbhare, S.; Goldsman, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Habersat, D.; Lelis, A.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [McGarrity, J.] Berkeley Res Assoc, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ashman, C.] HPTi, Reston, VA 20910 USA. RP Pennington, G (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM garyp@glue.umd.edu; potbhare@glue.umd.edu; neil@glue.umd.edu; dhabersat@arl.army.mil; alelis@arl.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 811 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900193 ER PT S AU Potbhare, S Goldsman, N Pennington, G Lelis, A McGarrity, M AF Potbhare, S. Goldsman, N. Pennington, G. Lelis, A. McGarrity, M. BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI Time dependent trapping and generation-recombination of interface charges: Modeling and characterization for 4H-SiC MOSFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2006 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE interface traps; capture/emission time constants; generation-recombination AB SiC MOSFETs have very large interface trap densities which degrade device performance. The effect of traps on inversion layer mobility and inversion charge concentration has been studied, and mobility models suitable for inclusion in Drift-Diffusion simulators have been developed for steady state operation of SiC MOSFET devices. Here, we attempt to model the transient behavior of SiC MOSFETs, and at the same time, extract the time constants for the filling and emptying of interface traps. As compared to the inversion layer, interface traps in SiC MOSFETs are slow in reacting to change in gate bias. So, at the positive edge of a gate pulse, we see a large current in the MOSFET, which then decays slowly to the steady state value as the interface traps fill up. We have developed a generation/recombination model for minority carriers in a SiC MOSFET based on the Shockley-Read-Hall recombination model for electrons and holes. In our model, the generation/recombination takes place between minority carriers in the inversion layer, and the traps at the SiC-SiO2 interface. Comparing our simulated current vs. time curves to experiment, we have been able to extract time constants for the filling and emptying of traps at the SiC-SiO2 interface. C1 [Potbhare, S.; Goldsman, N.; Pennington, G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lelis, A.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [McGarrity, M.] Berkeley Res Assoc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Potbhare, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM potbhare@umd.edu; neil@umd.edu; garyp@umd.edu; alelis@arl.army.mil; jmcgarrityarl@yahoo.com NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 847 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900202 ER PT S AU McNutt, T Reichl, J Hearne, H Veliadis, V Mccoy, M Stewart, E Van Campen, S Clarke, C Bulgher, D Katsis, D Geil, B Scozzie, S AF McNutt, Ty Reichl, John Hearne, Harold Veliadis, Victor McCoy, Megan Stewart, Eric Van Campen, Stephen Clarke, Chris Bulgher, Dave Katsis, Dirnos Geil, Bruce Scozzie, Skip BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI Demonstration of high-voltage SiCVJFET cascode in a half-bridge inverter SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2006 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE inverter; JFET; cascode; normally-off; high voltage AB This work utilizes silicon carbide (SiC) vertical JFETs in a cascode configuration to exploit the inherent advantages of SiC and demonstrate the device under application conditions. The all-SiC cascode circuit is made up of a low-voltage normally-off vertical JFET, and high-voltage normally on vertical MET to form a normally-off cascode switch. In this work, a half-bridge inverter was developed with SiC cascode switches for DC to AC power conversion. The inverter uses high-side and a low-side cascode switches that are Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) from a 500 V bus to produce a 60 Hz sinusoid at the output. An inductor and a capacitor were used to filter the output, while a load resistor was used to model the steady-state current of a motor. C1 [McNutt, Ty; Reichl, John; Hearne, Harold; Veliadis, Victor; McCoy, Megan; Stewart, Eric; Van Campen, Stephen; Clarke, Chris; Bulgher, Dave] Northrop Grumman, 1212 Winterson Rd, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Katsis, Dirnos; Geil, Bruce; Scozzie, Skip] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP McNutt, T (reprint author), Northrop Grumman, 1212 Winterson Rd, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM ty.mcnutt@ngc.com FU Army [DAAD17-03-C-0140] FX This work supported by Army Contract No. DAAD17-03-C-0140 under Dr. Skip Scozzie. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 979 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900233 ER PT B AU Potbhare, S Goldsman, N Pennington, G Akturk, A Lelis, A AF Potbhare, S. Goldsman, N. Pennington, G. Akturk, A. Lelis, A. BE Grasser, T Selberherr, S TI Transient characterization of interface traps in 4H-SiC MOSFETs SO SISPAD 2007: SIMULATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSES AND DEVICES 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices CY SEP, 2007 CL TU Wien, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO TU Wien AB High density of interface traps at the SiC-SiO2 interface gives rise to lower mobilities and currents in SiC MOSFETs. Detailed investigations are performed to measure and characterize these interface traps using experimental and modeling methods [1-3]. Recent measurements of threshold voltage instabilities by fast IN methods have shown that the SiC-SiO2 interface not only contains fast interface traps, but also slower near-interface and oxide traps [4, 5]. Steady state modeling and simulations cannot characterize the effects of each of these defects. We have hence developed a detailed time dependent modeling scheme for dynamic interface trap occupation, and incorporated it into our 2D transient device simulator. We use the transient modeling to separate out and individually characterize interface, near-interface and oxide traps in 4H-SiC MOS devices. C1 [Potbhare, S.; Goldsman, N.; Pennington, G.; Akturk, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lelis, A.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Potbhare, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM potbhare@umd.edu; neil@umd.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA BN 978-3-211-72860-4 PY 2007 BP 177 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-211-72861-1_42 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BHB84 UT WOS:000252105600042 ER PT B AU Hillkirk, LM Hefner, AR Dutton, RW Bayne, SB O'Brien, H AF Hillkirk, Leonardo M. Hefner, Allen R. Dutton, Robert W. Bayne, Stephen B. O'Brien, Heather BE Grasser, T Selberherr, S TI Electro-thermal, transient, mixed-mode 2D simulation study of SiC power thyristors operating under pulsedpower conditions SO SISPAD 2007: SIMULATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSES AND DEVICES 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices CY SEP, 2007 CL TU Wien, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO TU Wien AB An electro-thermal, transient device simulation study of Silicon Carbide (SiC) power thyristors operating in a pulsed-power circuit at extremely high current density has been carried out within the drift-diffusion approximation and classical heat generation and transport theory using MEDICI* [1]. The convergence problems normally associated with Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulations of SiC bipolar devices were overcome without artificially increasing the free carrier concentration by optical carrier generation. or by increasing the initial temperature (thermal carrier generation). The simulation results closely predict the actual operating conditions of the SiC thyristor in the pulsed-power circuit and are used to interpret the results of experimental failure limit studies [2]. It is shown that TCAD simulations can realistically predict the electrical and thermal properties of complex SiC bipolar semiconductor devices operating under fast transient, pulsed-power conditions. C1 [Hillkirk, Leonardo M.; Hefner, Allen R.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dutton, Robert W.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Integrated Syst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bayne, Stephen B.; O'Brien, Heather] US Army Res Lab, AMSRD ARL SE DE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hillkirk, LM (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hillkirk@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA BN 978-3-211-72860-4 PY 2007 BP 181 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-211-72861-1_43 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BHB84 UT WOS:000252105600043 ER PT J AU Belenky, G Thorne, D Wesensten, N Van Dongen, H Balkin, T AF Belenky, G. Thorne, D. Wesensten, N. Van Dongen, H. Balkin, T. TI Sleep restriction degrades performance in a driving simulator in a sleep-dose dependent manner SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Washington State Univ, Spokane, WA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 419 BP A143 EP A143 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900420 ER PT J AU Kamimori, G Reichart, R Voss, D Tate, D Mclellan, T Smith, S Lieberman, H AF Kamimori, G. Reichart, R. Voss, D. Tate, D. Mclellan, T. Smith, S. Lieberman, H. TI Caffeine maintains vigilance during a 74-hour field test with limited sleep SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. New Zealand Def Force, Auckland, New Zealand. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Def Sci & Technol Labs, Salisbury, Wilts, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 378 BP A129 EP A130 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900379 ER PT J AU Killgore, D McBride, S Balkin, T Grugle, N Killgore, W AF Killgore, D. McBride, S. Balkin, T. Grugle, N. Killgore, W. TI Changes in odor discrimination predict executive function deficits following 45 hours of wakefulness SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 398 BP A136 EP A136 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900399 ER PT J AU Killgore, D Kahn-Greene, E Kamimori, G Killgore, W AF Killgore, D. Kahn-Greene, E. Kamimori, G. Killgore, W. TI The effects of acute caffeine withdrawal on short category test performance in sleep deprived individuals SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 125 BP A43 EP A43 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900127 ER PT J AU Killgore, W Lipizzi, E Balkin, T Grugle, N Killgore, D AF Killgore, W. Lipizzi, E. Balkin, T. Grugle, N. Killgore, D. TI The effects of sleep deprivation and stimulants on self-reported sensation seeking propensity SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 124 BP A42 EP A42 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900126 ER PT J AU Killgore, W Richards, J Balkin, T Grugle, N Killgore, D AF Killgore, W. Richards, J. Balkin, T. Grugle, N. Killgore, D. TI The effects of sleep deprivation and stimulants on risky behavior SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 120 BP A41 EP A41 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900122 ER PT J AU Lipizzi, E Richards, J Balkin, T Grugle, N Killgore, W AF Lipizzi, E. Richards, J. Balkin, T. Grugle, N. Killgore, W. TI Morningness-eveningness and intelligence SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 1010 BP A345 EP A346 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224901011 ER PT J AU Lipizzi, E Richards, J Balkin, T Grugle, N Killgore, W AF Lipizzi, E. Richards, J. Balkin, T. Grugle, N. Killgore, W. TI Morningness-eveningness affects risk-taking propensity during sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 399 BP A136 EP A137 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900400 ER PT J AU McBride, S Ganesan, G Kamimori, G Killgore, W AF McBride, S. Ganesan, G. Kamimori, G. Killgore, W. TI Odor identification ability predicts vulnerability to attentional lapses during 77 hours of sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 400 BP A137 EP A137 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900401 ER PT J AU McBride, S Brian, L Kamimori, G Killgore, W AF McBride, S. Brian, L. Kamimori, G. Killgore, W. TI Odor identification accuracy predicts resistance to sleep SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 396 BP A135 EP A136 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900397 ER PT J AU Newman, R Krugler, A Kamimori, G Killgore, W AF Newman, R. Krugler, A. Kamimori, G. Killgore, W. TI Changes in state and trait anger following 56 hours of sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 403 BP A138 EP A138 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900404 ER PT J AU Newman, R Smith, K Balkin, T Grugle, N Killgore, W AF Newman, R. Smith, K. Balkin, T. Grugle, N. Killgore, W. TI The effects of caffeine, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil on executive functioning following 45 hours of sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 131 BP A45 EP A45 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900133 ER PT J AU Picchioni, D Cabrera, O McGurk, D Thomas, J Castro, C Balkin, T Bliese, P Hoge, C AF Picchioni, D. Cabrera, O. McGurk, D. Thomas, J. Castro, C. Balkin, T. Bliese, P. Hoge, C. TI Sleep pathology is a partial mediator between stress and psychopathology in combat veterans SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 990 BP A338 EP A339 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900991 ER PT J AU Picchioni, D Fukunaga, M Carr, W Braun, A Duyn, J Horovitz, S AF Picchioni, D. Fukunaga, M. Carr, W. Braun, A. Duyn, J. Horovitz, S. TI FMRI can differentiate early and late stage 1 sleep SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Duyn, Jozef/F-2483-2010; Fukunaga, Masaki/F-6441-2013 OI Fukunaga, Masaki/0000-0003-1010-2644 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 58 BP A20 EP A20 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900060 ER PT J AU Reichardt, R Leavitt, A Kamimori, G AF Reichardt, R. Leavitt, A. Kamimori, G. TI Advantages of caffeine gum use for pvt performance in a sleep restricted field environment SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 421 BP A144 EP A144 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900422 ER PT J AU Reichardt, R Wesensten, N Balkin, T AF Reichardt, R. Wesensten, N. Balkin, T. TI CX717 during simulated night shift work. II. daytime sleep SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 128 BP A44 EP A44 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900130 ER PT J AU Richards, J Lipizzi, E Kamimori, G Killgore, W AF Richards, J. Lipizzi, E. Kamimori, G. Killgore, W. TI Extroversion predicts increased attentional lapses during sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 401 BP A137 EP A137 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900402 ER PT J AU Richards, J Lipizzi, E Balkin, T Grugle, N Killgore, W AF Richards, J. Lipizzi, E. Balkin, T. Grugle, N. Killgore, W. TI Objective alertness correlates with mood changes during 44 hours of sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 164 BP A56 EP A57 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900166 ER PT J AU Rupp, T Grugle, N Krugler, A Balkin, T Killgore, W AF Rupp, T. Grugle, N. Krugler, A. Balkin, T. Killgore, W. TI Caffeine, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil improve PVT performance after sleep deprivation and recovery sleep SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 129 BP A44 EP A44 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900131 ER PT J AU Rupp, T Killgore, D Balkin, T Grugle, N Killgore, W AF Rupp, T. Killgore, D. Balkin, T. Grugle, N. Killgore, W. TI The effects of modafinil, dextroamphetamine, and caffeine on verbal and nonverbal fluency in sleep deprived individuals SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 126 BP A43 EP A43 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900128 ER PT J AU Sing, H Hall, S Russo, M Kautz, M Thorne, D Redmond, D AF Sing, H. Hall, S. Russo, M. Kautz, M. Thorne, D. Redmond, D. TI Characterization of eeg during response lapses to stimuli in the choice visual perception task SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 68 BP A23 EP A23 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900070 ER PT J AU Smith, K McBride, S Kamimori, G Killgore, W AF Smith, K. McBride, S. Kamimori, G. Killgore, W. TI Individual differences in odor discrimination predict mood dysregulation following 56 hours of sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 397 BP A136 EP A136 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900398 ER PT J AU Taylor, Y Eliasson, A Howard, R Kristo, D AF Taylor, Y. Eliasson, A. Howard, R. Kristo, D. TI Validation of a self-efficacy scale for continuous positive airway pressure therapy SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 518 BP A176 EP A176 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900519 ER PT J AU Walter, R Guerrero, M AF Walter, R. Guerrero, M. TI Compliance to positive airway pressure treatment in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 549 BP A186 EP A186 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900550 ER PT J AU Wesensten, N Reichardt, R Balkin, T AF Wesensten, N. Reichardt, R. Balkin, T. TI CX717 during simulated nightshift work. I. performance and alertness SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 123 BP A42 EP A42 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900125 ER PT S AU Sooter, LJ Stratis-Cullum, DN Zhang, Y Daugherty, PS Soh, HT Pellegrino, P Stagliano, N AF Sooter, Letha J. Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N. Zhang, Yanting Daugherty, Patrick S. Soh, H. Tom Pellegrino, Paul Stagliano, Nancy BE Cullum, BM Porterfield, DM TI Affinity reagent technology development and application to rapid immunochromatographic pathogen detection - art. no. 67590A SO SMART BIOMEDICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology CY SEP 10-11, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE immunochromatography; MACS; SELEX; library; microfluidic ID LIBRARY; CELLS AB Immunochromatography is a rapid, reliable, and cost effective method of detecting biowarfare agents. The format is similar to that of an over-the-counter pregnancy test. A sample is applied to one end of a cassette and then a control line, and possibly a sample line, are visualized at the other end of the cassette. The test is based upon a sandwich assay. For the control, a line of Protein A is immobilized on the membrane. Gold nanoparticle bound IgG flows through the membrane and binds the Protein A, creating a visible line on the membrane. For the sample, one epitope is immobilized on the membrane and another epitope is attached to gold nanoparticles. The sample binds gold bound epitope, travels through the membrane, and binds membrane bound epitope. The two epitopes are not cross-reactive, therefore a sample line is only visible if the sample is present. In order to efficiently screen for binders to a sample target, a novel, Continuous Magnetic Activated Cell Sorter (CMACS) has been developed on a disposable, microfluidic platform. The CMACS chip quickly sorts E. coli peptide libraries for target binders with high affinity. Peptide libraries, are composed of approximately ten million bacteria, each displaying a different peptide on their surface. The target of interest is conjugated to a micrometer sized magnetic particle. After the library and the target are incubated together to allow binding, the mixture is applied to the CMACS chip. In the presence of patterned nickel and an external magnet, separation occurs of the bead-bound bacteria from the bulk material. The bead fraction is added to bacterial growth media where any attached E. coli grow and divide. These cells are cloned, sequenced, and the peptides are assayed for target binding affinity. As a proof-of-principle, assays were developed for human C-reactive protein. More defense relevant targets are currently being pursued. C1 [Sooter, Letha J.; Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N.; Pellegrino, Paul] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL SE EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Stratis-Cullum, DN (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL SE EO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6919-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6759 BP A7590 EP A7590 DI 10.1117/12.732731 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA BHH80 UT WOS:000253363200007 ER PT S AU Sooter, LJ McMasters, S Stratis-Cullum, DN AF Sooter, Letha J. McMasters, Sun Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N. BE Cullum, BM Porterfield, DM TI Application of capillary electrophoresis to the development and evaluation of aptamer affinity probes - art. no. 67590T SO SMART BIOMEDICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology CY SEP 10-11, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE capillary electrophoresis; molecular recognition elements; food pathogens; aptamers; biosensors ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION; EQUILIBRIUM MIXTURES; MOLECULAR APTAMERS; RECOGNITION; SELECTION; TIME AB Nucleic acid aptamers can exhibit high binding affinities for a wide variety of targets and have received much attention as molecular recognition elements for enhanced biosensor performance. These aptamers recognize target molecules through a combination of conformational dependent non-covalent interactions in aqueous media which can be investigated using capillary electrophoresis-based methods. In this paper we report on the results of our studies of the relative binding affinity of Campylobacter jejuni aptamers using a capillary electrophoretic immunoassay. Our results show preferential binding to C jejuni over other common food pathogen bacteria. Capillary electrophoresis can also be used to develop new aptamer recognition elements using an in vitro selection process known as systematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Recently, this process has been adapted to use capillary electrophoresis in an attempt to shorten the overall selection process. This smart selection of nucleic acid aptamers from a large diversity of a combinatorial DNA library is under optimization for the development of aptamers which bind to Army-relevant targets. This paper will include a discussion of the establishment of CE-SELEX methods for the future development of smart aptamer probes. C1 [Sooter, Letha J.; McMasters, Sun; Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sooter, LJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6919-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6759 BP T7590 EP T7590 DI 10.1117/12.731962 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA BHH80 UT WOS:000253363200018 ER PT J AU Robertson, TJ Martel, R Quan, DM Ampleman, G Thiboutot, S Jenkins, T Provatas, A AF Robertson, Timothy James Martel, Richard Quan, Doan Minh Ampleman, Guy Thiboutot, Sonia Jenkins, Thomas Provatas, Arthur TI Fate and transport of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in loams at a former explosives factory SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE TNT; adsorption; biodegradation; explosives; loam; ATRANS20 ID MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; CLAY-MINERALS; TNT; METABOLITES; ADSORPTION; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE; MINERALIZATION; MUTAGENICITY AB Natural attenuation processes affecting 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were determined within loams for two study areas at the former Explosives Factory Maribyrnong, Australia. TNT fate and transport was investigated through spectrophotometric/High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyses of soil and groundwater, adsorption and microcosm testwork. A five tonne crystalline TNT source zone delineated within near surface soils at the base of a TNT process waste lagoon was found to be supplying aqueous TNT loading (7 ppm) to subsurface soils and groundwater. The resultant plume was localized within the loam aquitard due to a combination of natural attenuation processes and hydrogeological constraints, including low hydraulic conductivity and upward hydraulic gradients. Freundlich described sorptive partitioning was the main TNT sink (K-F = 29 mL/g), while transformation rates were model-ate (1.01 x 10(-4) h(-1)) under the aerobic conditions. Increasing 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene predominance over 4-amino-2.6-dinitrotoluene was discovered with depth (in situ) and time (microcosms). Simplified dissolution rate calculations indicate that without mitigation of the TNT source, contaminant persistence within the vadose zone may approach 2000 years, while ATRANS20 simulations demonstrate that the TNT plume propagates very slowly along the flow path within the aquitard. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Civil Aviat Adm Vietnam, Air Navigat Dept, Hanoi, Vietnam. DRDC Valcartier, Dept Def, Val Belair, PQ, Canada. Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. DSTO, Dept Def, Weapons Syst Div, Edinburgh, SA, Australia. RP Martel, R (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. EM richard_martel@ete.inrs.ca OI Martel, Richard/0000-0003-4219-5582 NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 EI 1549-7887 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 159 EP 179 DI 10.1080/15320380601166462 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 139HL UT WOS:000244422800003 ER PT J AU Walsh, ME Ramsey, CA Taylor, S Hewitt, AD Bjella, K Collins, CM AF Walsh, M. E. Ramsey, C. A. Taylor, S. Hewitt, A. D. Bjella, K. Collins, C. M. TI Subsampling variance for 2,4-DNT in firing point soils SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE propellant; training ranges; sampling ID EXPLOSIVES-RESIDUES; SIZE AB At 105-mm howitzer firing points, 2,4-DNT is detectable in the surface soils, but field sampling and laboratory subsampling uncertainty can be large during quantitation. The 2,4-DNT is in particulate form, within fibers or slivers of the nitrocellulose-based propellant. The slender fibers range lip to 7.5 mm in length with masses of several 100 mu g. Size fractionation of a firing point soil revealed that most of the 2,4-DNT was in the 0.595- to 2.00-mm size range, although the bulk of the soil was less than 0.6mm prior to grinding. Machine grinding for five minutes was needed to pulverize the propellant fibers sufficiently so that estimates of 2,4-DNT were reproducible in replicate analytical subsaniples. To determine 2,4-DNT we have adopted the practice of grinding firing point soils for five one-minute intervals, with time for heat dissipation between grinds, prior to obtaining individual or replicate 10-g subsamples. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Envirostat Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Walsh, ME (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Marianne.E.Walsh@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 EI 1549-7887 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 459 EP 472 DI 10.1080/15320380701490259 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209HW UT WOS:000249380600003 ER PT J AU Dortch, MS Fant, S Gerald, JA AF Dortch, Mark S. Fant, Scott Gerald, Jeffrey A. TI Modeling fate of RDX at demolition area 2 of the Massachusetts military reservation SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE explosives residue; soil; vadose zone; groundwater; fate and transport models ID DISSOLUTION KINETICS; RATES; TNT AB The movement of explosive RDX residue from soil to groundwater at Demolition Area 2 of the Massachusetts Military Reservation was studied with mathematical models to assess its utility and limitations and to determine requisite model improvements and data needs. The Munitions Residue Characterization and Fate model, which is based on the MEPAS source term model for soil modified for solid phase residue with dissolution, the MEPAS vadose zone model, and the MEPAS aquifer model were used in this study. All three models were applied within ARAMS (TM) to facilitate model-to-model connectivity for computing movement of RDX from soil to vadose zone, and from vadose zone to groundwater. Model parameters and a hypothetical RDX residue loading rate were adjusted to match model results to measured RDX concentrations in surface soil and in groundwater. Through an iterative process, a loading rate of 1 kg/yr for RDX residues applied for 10 years starting in 1978 was found to fit measured conditions 20 years later. Model results were sensitive to the C4-RDX dissolution flux rate and the aqueous RDX degradation rate. Results indicate that dissolution of C4 and degradation of RDX in soil and groundwater could be quite slow, and such processes warrant further study. Mechanistic models such as those presented will be useful for estimating fate of constituent residue in soil and transport to receiving waters for evaluating range residue carrying capacity and compliance issues. C1 US Army Engn R&D Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Dortch, MS (reprint author), US Army Engn R&D Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Mark.S.Dortch@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 617 EP 635 DI 10.1080/15320380701623677 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 228WU UT WOS:000250764100007 ER PT S AU Park, C Vallury, A Zuo, J Perez, J Rogers, P AF Park, Chanwoo Vallury, Aparna Zuo, Jon Perez, Jeffrey Rogers, Paul BE ElGenk, MS TI Spacecraft thermal management using advanced hybrid two-phase loop technology SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE heat pipe; evaporation; two-phase; thermal electronic; cooling; hybrid; pump; capillary AB The paper discusses an advanced hybrid two-phase loop technology for spacecraft thermal management. The hybrid loop integrates active mechanical pumping with passive capillary pumping promising a reliable yet high performance cooling system. The advanced evaporator design using porous wick structures was developed for the hybrid loop to enhance boiling heat transfer by passive phase separation. The prototype testing using various hybrid loops and components demonstrated that the hybrid loop was capable of removing high heat fluxes from multiple heat sources with large surface areas up to 135 cm. Because of the passive capillary phase separation, the hybrid loop operation doesn't require any active flow control of excess liquid in the evaporator, even at highly transient and asymmetrical heat inputs. These performance results represent significant improvements over state-of-the-art heat pipes, loop heat pipes and evaporative spray cooling devices in terms of performance, robustness and simplicity. C1 [Park, Chanwoo; Vallury, Aparna; Zuo, Jon] Adv Cooling Technol Inc, Lancaster, PA 17601 USA. [Perez, Jeffrey; Rogers, Paul] US Army TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Park, C (reprint author), Adv Cooling Technol Inc, Lancaster, PA 17601 USA. EM chanwoo.park@1-act.com FU Army SBIR Phase II program FX This work was performed under Army SBIR Phase II program. The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Mr. Jeff Reichl at ACT for his efforts in fabrication of the hybrid loop. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 11 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500002 ER PT J AU Ofiram, E Polly, DW Gilbert, TJ Choma, TJ AF Ofiram, Elisha Polly, David W. Gilbert, Thomas J., Jr. Choma, Theodore J. TI Is it safer to place pedicle screws in the lower thoracic spine than in the upper lumbar spine? SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE isthmic pedicle width; MRI; thoracic; lumbar ID ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS; MORPHOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; FIXATION; VERTEBRAE; MORPHOLOGY; REMOVAL; POPULATION; PROJECTION; ACCURACY AB Study Design. An anatomic study of 100 patients comparing the pedicle isthmic width of the lower thoracic spine and the upper lumbar spine using magnetic resonance imaging. Objectives. To compare the lower thoracic pedicles and upper lumbar pedicles in nondeformity patients as a surrogate measure of safety of pedicle screw use. Summary of Background Data. Pedicle isthmic width is the significant limiting factor in the safety and proper placement of transpedicular screws. The presumption in the past has been that the lumbar pedicles are larger than the thoracic pedicles. Few publications in the English-language literature specifically evaluate the association between the pedicle isthmic widths of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar. Methods. The study evaluates 100 patients, without coronal spinal deformities. MRIs were obtained of the pedicles from T10 to L2 and subsequently measured using the axial T2-weighted views. Lower thoracic and upper lumbar pedicle isthmus, the narrowest section of pedicle, was investigated and compared. The "medial pedicle to medial rib corridor" at T10 -T12 was defined and measured as part of the methodology of the study. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance with post hoc least significant difference pairwise comparisons. Results. The smallest pedicle isthmic width was at L1 (mean +/- SD, 6.0 +/- 1.6 mm), while T12 (mean +/- SD, 7.6 +/- 1.5 mm) had the largest pedicle width. Although smaller in diameter than T12, both T10 (mean +/- SD, 6.2 +/- 1.2 mm) and T11 (mean +/- SD, 7.5 +/- 1.6 mm) had larger pedicle width than L1 (P < 0.01). Pedicle widths were larger in males compared with females (P < 0.05). Conclusions. The results show that the lower thoracic pedicles are larger than the upper lumbar pedicles. This may make it safer to place screws in the lower thoracic spine than in the upper lumbar spine. Upper lumbar may be so small (< 5 mm) to preclude safe conventional screw placement. C1 Twin Cities Spine Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ctr Diagnost Imaging, St Louis Pk, MN USA. Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Polly, DW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 2450 Riverside Ave S,R200, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM pollydw@umn.edu OI Choma, Theodore/0000-0002-9194-8563 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1097/01.brs.0000251040.34221.63 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 123EI UT WOS:000243278700008 PM 17202892 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Marshall, SW Lee, RB Darakjy, SS Jones, SB Mitchener, TA Delacruz, GG Jones, BH AF Knapik, Joseph J. Marshall, Stephen W. Lee, Robyn B. Darakjy, Salima S. Jones, Sarah B. Mitchener, Timothy A. delaCruz, Georgia G. Jones, Bruce H. TI Mouthguards in sport activities history, physical properties and injury prevention effectiveness SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MOUTH-GUARD MATERIALS; CONTACT TEAM SPORTS; DENTAL INJURIES; ICE HOCKEY; OROFACIAL INJURIES; SHOCK ABSORPTION; FOOTBALL PLAYERS; RUGBY UNION; BASKETBALL PLAYERS AB Three systematic reviews were conducted on: (i) the history of mouthguard use in sports; (ii) mouthguard material and construction; and (iii) the effectiveness of mouthguards in preventing orofacial injuries and concussions. Retrieval databases and bibliographies were explored to find studies using specific key words for each topic. The first recorded use of mouthguards was by boxers, and in the 1920s professional boxing became the first sport to require mouthguards. Advocacy by the American Dental Association led to the mandating of mouthguards for US high school football in the 1962 season. Currently, the US National Collegiate Athletic Association requires mouthguards for four sports (ice hockey, lacrosse, field hockey and football). However, the American Dental Association recommends the use of mouthguards in 29 sports/exercise activities. Mouthguard properties measured in various studies included shock-absorbing capability, hardness, stiffness (indicative of protective capability), tensile strength, tear strength (indicative of durability) and water absorption. Materials used for mouthguards included: (i) polyvinylacetate-polyethylene or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer; (ii) polyvinylchloride; (iii) latex rubber; (iv) acrylic resin; and (v) polyurethane. Latex rubber was a popular material used in early mouthguards but it has lower shock absorbency, lower hardness and less tear and tensile strength than EVA or polyurethane. Among the more modern materials, none seems to stand out as superior to another since the characteristics of all the modern materials can be manipulated to provide a range of favourable characteristics. Impact studies have shown that compared with no mouthguard, mouthguards composed of many types of materials reduce the number of fractured teeth and head acceleration. In mouthguard design, consideration must be given to the nature of the collision (hard or soft objects) and characteristics of the mouth (e.g. brittle incisors, more rugged occusal surfaces of molars, soft gingiva). Laminates with different shock absorbing and stress distributing (stiffness) capability may be one way to accommodate these factors. Studies comparing mouthguard users with nonusers have examined different sports, employed a variety of study designs and used widely-varying injury case definitions. Prior to the 1980s, most studies exhibited relatively low methodological quality. Despite these issues, meta-analyses indicated that the risk of an orofacial sports injury was 1.6-1.9 times higher when a mouthguard was not worn. However, the evidence that mouthguards protect against concussion was inconsistent, and no conclusion regarding the effectiveness of mouthguards in preventing concussion can be drawn at present. Mouthguards should continue to be used in sport activities where there is significant risk of orofacial injury. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Orthoped, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM joseph.knapik@apg.amedd.army.mil OI Marshall, Stephen/0000-0002-2664-9233 NR 175 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 48 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 117 EP 144 DI 10.2165/00007256-200737020-00003 PG 28 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 134SE UT WOS:000244103500003 PM 17241103 ER PT J AU Kenefick, RW Cheuvront, SN Sawka, MN AF Kenefick, Robert W. Cheuvront, Samuel N. Sawka, Michael N. TI Thermoregulatory function during the marathon SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the New-York-Academy-of-Science CY 2006 CL New York, NY SP New York Acad Sci ID RESPONSES; HEAT AB Marathon races are performed over a broad range of environmental conditions. Hyperthermia is a primary challenge for runners in temperate and warm weather, but hypothermia can be a concern during cool-wet or cold conditions. Body temperature during the marathon is a balance between metabolic heat production and exchange with the environment described by the heat balance equation. During exercise, core temperature is proportional to the metabolic rate and largely independent of a wide range of environmental conditions. In temperate or cool conditions, a large skin-to-ambient temperature gradient facilitates radiant and convective heat loss, and reduces skin blood flow requirements, which may explain the tolerance for high core temperature observed during marathons in cool conditions. However, in warmer environments, skin temperatures and sweating rates increase. In addition, greater skin blood flow is required for heat loss, magnifying thermoregulatory and circulatory strain. The combined challenge of exercise and environment associated with marathon running can substantially challenge the human thermoregulatory system. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kenefick, RW (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Robert.Kenefick@us.army.mil NR 10 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4-5 BP 312 EP 315 DI 10.2165/00007256-200737040-00010 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 172RC UT WOS:000246820600010 PM 17465596 ER PT J AU Montain, SJ Ely, MR Cheuvront, SN AF Montain, Scott J. Ely, Matthew R. Cheuvront, Samuel N. TI Marathon performance in thermally stressing conditions SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the New-York-Academy-of-Science CY 2006 CL New York, NY SP New York Acad Sci ID WEATHER AB It is generally appreciated that warm weather negatively affects marathon running performance. This brief review summarises the historical literature on this topic and recent work that our laboratory has performed to quantify the impact of weather on marathon running performance. Using 140 race-years of data, we have demonstrated that marathon performance times slow progressively as weather warms above 5-10 degrees C wet bulb globe temperature, that men and women are affected similarly, but slower runners suffer a greater performance penalty than elite runners. The recent generation of a nomogram that predicts changes in finishing time consequent to changes in weather conditions offers runners and coaches a tool for use in developing marathon race strategy. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Montain, SJ (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Kansas St,Bldg 42, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM scott.montain@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4-5 BP 320 EP 323 DI 10.2165/00007256-200737040-00012 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 172RC UT WOS:000246820600012 PM 17465598 ER PT J AU Cheuvront, SN Montain, SJ Sawka, MN AF Cheuvront, Samuel N. Montain, Scott J. Sawka, Michael N. TI Fluid replacement and performance during the marathon SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the New-York-Academy-of-Science CY 2006 CL New York, NY SP New York Acad Sci ID EXERCISE; GLYCOGEN AB The primary purpose of this review is to relate a universal strategy for replacing fluids to optimise marathon performance. A secondary purpose is to examine common 'matters of debate' that may modify fluid needs to include the importance of realistic convective air flow, metabolic water production and waters of association with glycogen. The metabolic demands of marathon running can result in substantial sweat losses and levels of dehydration consistent with compromised endurance performance. Recommendations are provided to individualise fluid intakes with the goal of preventing excessive dehydration (> 2% body mass) as well as weight gain. The minor importance of 'matters of debate' to fluid replacement is also discussed. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Cheuvront, SN (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Samuel.cheuvront@na.amedd.army.mil NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4-5 BP 353 EP 357 DI 10.2165/00007256-200737040-00020 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 172RC UT WOS:000246820600020 PM 17465606 ER PT J AU Kenefick, RW Sawka, MN AF Kenefick, Robert W. Sawka, Michael N. TI Heat exhaustion and dehydration as causes of marathon collapse SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the New-York-Academy-of-Science CY 2006 CL New York, NY SP New York Acad Sci ID THERMOREGULATION AB This article reviews causes of marathon collapse related to physical exhaustion, heat exhaustion and dehydration. During severe exercise-heat stress (high skin and core temperatures), cardiac output can decrease below levels observed during exercise in temperate conditions. This reduced cardiac output and vasodilated skin and muscle can make it difficult to sustain blood pressure and perhaps cerebral blood flow. Dehydration can accentuate this cardiovascular strain. In contrast, excessive heat loss to the environment during cold weather may result in hypothermic collapse. Other factors contributing to post-race collapse might include reduced skeletal muscle pump activity and dehydration and prior heat stress mediated changes in cerebrovascular responses to orthostatic challenges. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kenefick, RW (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Robert.Kenefick@us.army.mil NR 10 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4-5 BP 378 EP 381 DI 10.2165/00007256-200737040-00027 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 172RC UT WOS:000246820600027 PM 17465613 ER PT S AU Dammann, J AF Dammann, John BE Woods, AJ Dodgson, NA Merritt, JO Bolas, MT McDowall, IE TI A novel technique for visualizing high-resolution 3-D terrain maps - art. no. 649003 SO Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XIV CY JAN 29-31, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP REAL D, NuVis MacNaughton Inc, IMAX Corporat, NVIDIA Corp, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE AB A new technique is presented for visualizing high-resolution terrain elevation data. It produces realistic images at small scales on the order of the data resolution and works particularly well when natural objects are present. Better visualization at small scales opens up new applications, like site surveillance for security and Google Earth-type local search and exploration tasks that are now done with 2-D maps. The large 3-D maps are a natural for high-resolution stereo display. The traditional technique drapes a continuous surface over the regularly spaced elevation values. This technique works well when displaying large areas or in cities with large buildings, but falls apart at small scales or for natural objects like trees. The new technique visualizes the terrain as a set of disjoint square patches. It is combined with an algorithm that identifies smooth areas within the scene. Where the terrain is smooth, such as in grassy areas, roads, parking lots and rooftops, it warps the patches to create a smooth surface. For trees or shrubs or other areas where objects are under-sampled, however, the patches are left disjoint. This has the disadvantage of leaving gaps in the data, but the human mind is very adept at filling in this missing information. It has the strong advantage of making natural terrain look realistic - trees and bushes look stylized but still look natural and are easy to interpret. Also, it does not add artifacts to the map, like filling in blank vertical walls where there are alcoves and other structure and extending bridges and overpasses down to the ground. The new technique is illustrated using very large 1-m resolution 3-D maps from the Rapid Terrain Visualization (RTV) program, and comparisons are made with traditional visualizations using these maps. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dammann, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6603-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6490 BP 49003 EP 49003 AR 649003 DI 10.1117/12.702848 PG 11 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BGF79 UT WOS:000246499600002 ER PT J AU Krakauer, T AF Krakauer, Teresa BE Kotb, M Fraser, JD TI Small Nonpeptide Inhibitors of Staphylococcal Superantigen-Induced Cytokine Production and Toxic Shock SO SUPERANTIGENS: MOLECULAR BASIS FOR THEIR ROLE IN HUMAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMPLEX CLASS-II; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HUMAN T-CELLS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; EXOTOXIN-INDUCED CYTOKINES; INDUCED LETHAL SHOCK; B-INDUCED TOXICITY; ENTEROTOXIN-B; BACTERIAL SUPERANTIGENS; GENE-EXPRESSION C1 USA, Dept Immunol, Integrated Toxicol Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Krakauer, T (reprint author), USA, Dept Immunol, Integrated Toxicol Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 108 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-584-4 PY 2007 BP 229 EP 244 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA BPE00 UT WOS:000278642600016 ER PT B AU Napier, TR Mckay, DT Mowry, ND AF Napier, T. R. Mckay, D. T. Mowry, N. D. BE Chun, YM Clsisse, P Naik, TR Ganjian, E TI A life cycle perspective on recycling construction materials (The most sustainable materials may be the ones we already have) SO SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies CY JUN 11-13, 2007 CL Coventry Univ, Coventry, ENGLAND HO Coventry Univ AB Noted sustainability authority Paul Hawken points out that nearly all production and distribution business models entirely ignore associated environmental burdens when calculating acquisition prices for goods and services; further, purchase prices rarely reflect true costs of the aftermath when remnants are disposed of, most often by landfilling. Does the current price of construction account for the damage inflicted on the environment through materials production, construction activities, and ultimately the disposal of facilities when their service life is exhausted? What are these ignored impacts and how does one begin to define and account for them? This paper acquaints the audience with the life-cycle consequences of generating and landfilling construction and demolition debris, and the benefits of salvaging, reusing, and recycling construction materials. The United States Army continuously upgrades it's infrastructure to meet current mission requirements. Wood framed barracks complexes constructed in World War 11 are being removed. Concrete and masonry complexes built during the Cold War are being replaced by contemporary facilities. In so doing, enormous quantities of debris materials are generated. These include wood, concrete, metals, asphalt materials, fibrous materials, masonry and other construction materials. Efforts to divert construction and demolition debris from landfills, and to recycle these materials for construction applications are described. By examining available Life Cycle Assessment data, a first approximation of the value of these recovered materials is presented; however, their value is expressed in terms of the reduction in burdens to the natural environment by virtue of the process. This information provides a piece of the sustainability puzzle, which is the determination of the "true costs" of goods and services which must incorporate the value of that part of the environment which was used to create the product. C1 [Napier, T. R.; Mckay, D. T.] USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Corps Engineers, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Napier, TR (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Corps Engineers, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-44689-1 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 563 EP 573 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA BHB98 UT WOS:000252137700071 ER PT B AU Chien, EA Tolman, TS Lampo, RG Napier, TR Mowry, ND Smith, KJ AF Chien, Elizabeth A. Tolman, Thomas S. Lampo, Richard G. Napier, Thomas R. Mowry, Nathan D. Smith, Ken J. BE Chun, YM Clsisse, P Naik, TR Ganjian, E TI Sustain the chapel building - a demonstration of sustainable materials renovation SO SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies CY JUN 11-13, 2007 CL Coventry Univ, Coventry, ENGLAND HO Coventry Univ AB Faced with thousands of square feet of building demolition per year, waste managers at Fort Lewis, WA and the Seattle District Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE) seek effective ways to keep demolition debris out of the landfill. Ft. Lewis collects concrete and grinds it for use on training trails. They gather wood pallets and other clean wood waste for use in creating compost and they treat petroleum-contaminated soils. When a World War II-era chapel appeared on the demolition list, Ft. Lewis and the USAGE started thinking of waste management in a more holistic view. Why not divert the whole building to a new location and remodel it for a new use rather than disposing it in a landfill? This holistic approach spurred the development and design of a new Environmental Education and Conference Center (E2C2) for Fort Lewis. The E2C2 (the old chapel) will be relocated on a former landfill site, now being reclaimed and transformed into the Sequalitchew Eco-Park (Eco-Park). This paper evaluates the benefits of reusing the existing chapel for the E2C2, rather than building a new facility and disposing the old chapel into a local landfill. C1 [Chien, Elizabeth A.; Tolman, Thomas S.] USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA USA. RP Chien, EA (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-44689-1 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 717 EP 723 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA BHB98 UT WOS:000252137700086 ER PT S AU Mobley, SB Ballard, G AF Mobley, Scott B. Ballard, Gary BE Murrer, RL TI Implementation of a Hardware-in-the-Loop facility for student test and evaluation - art. no. 65440A SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XII CY APR 10, 2007 CL Orange, FL AB Hardware-in-the-Loop (HWIL) test facilities offer the highest degree of system functional verification and performance evaluation outside of the actual operational environment. The design and analysis of HWIL simulators involves the coordinated efforts of numerous engineering fields, whose professionals possess the technical expertise, analytical skills, and insight regarding cross-discipline collaborative relationships which foster successful simulation development. As system complexity continues to increase, and as programmatic requirements allow for shorter simulation development schedules, the existing knowledge base associated with legacy HWIL simulation development will play a key role in the preparation, readiness, and efficiency of future HWIL engineering professionals. As a result, it is crucial that basic HWIL methods and concepts be specified in a formal, academic sense, and that realistic test facilities are made available to allow potential HWIL engineering students the opportunity to become acclimated to basic HWIL components and design considerations. To address this need, the United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC), in coordination with the Auburn University Department of Aerospace Engineering, has funded an initiative to perform initial development of a graduate-level HWIL simulation option, including the provision of a functioning HWIL simulation facility located at the university. This facility, modeled after a conceptual ballistic missile interceptor, will possess the major elements of a HWIL simulation including a Six-Degree-of-Freedom (6-DOF) simulation of the missile dynamics, an electro-optical (EO) sensor implementation, a flight motion simulator (FMS), a scene generation system, and an in-band image projection system. Architectural implementations and distributed simulation elements will be modeled after existing U.S. Army missile simulation concepts. In concert with this activity, an academic emphasis on HWIL simulation and student participation across all engineering disciplines will be developed at Auburn University, with HWIL facility development and subject matter expert (SME) interaction provided by the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (AMRDEC). This paper describes the incremental approach being projection system. All of these initiatives serve to increase the fidelity of the HWIL simulation, therefore providing a more realistic evaluation tool not only for future HWIL engineers, but for other engineering disciplines which can observe and appreciate the value of HWIL simulations in general. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Aviat & Missile Res,Dev & Engn Ctr, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate,Hardware Loop Simu, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35899 USA. RP Mobley, SB (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Aviat & Missile Res,Dev & Engn Ctr, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate,Hardware Loop Simu, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6666-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6544 BP A5440 EP A5440 AR 65440A DI 10.1117/12.720683 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BGJ52 UT WOS:000247631000007 ER PT S AU LeSueur, KG Almendinger, FJ AF LeSueur, Kenneth G. Almendinger, Frank J. BE Murrer, RL TI Design tradeoffs in the development of the advanced multispectral simulation test acceptance resource (AMSTAR) HWIL facilities - art. no. 65440D SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XII CY APR 10, 2007 CL Orange, FL DE simulation; flight motion; test; missile; hardware-in-the-loop; infra-red; radar; seml-active laser AB The Army's Advanced Multispectral Simulation Test Acceptance Resource (AMSTAR) is a suite of missile Hardware-In-the-Loop (HWIL) simulation / test capabilities designed to support testing from concept through production. This paper presents the design tradeoffs that were conducted in the development of the AMSTAR sensor stimulators and the flight motion simulators. The AMSTAR facility design includes systems to stimulate each of the Millimeter Wave (MMW), Infrared (IR), and Semi-Active Laser (SAL) sensors. The flight motion simulator (FMS) performance was key to the success of the simulation but required many concessions to accommodate the design considerations for the trimode stimulation systems. C1 USA, Test & Evaluat Command, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP LeSueur, KG (reprint author), USA, Test & Evaluat Command, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6666-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6544 BP D5440 EP D5440 AR 65440D DI 10.1117/12.719683 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BGJ52 UT WOS:000247631000010 ER PT S AU Buford, JA Cosby, D Bunfield, DH Mayhall, AJ Trimble, DE AF Buford, James A., Jr. Cosby, David Bunfield, Dennis H. Mayhall, Anthony J. Trimble, Darian E. BE Murrer, RL TI PC scene generation - art. no. 65440E SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XII CY APR 10, 2007 CL Orange, FL AB AMRDEC has successfully tested hardware and software for Real-Time Scene Generation for IR and SAL Sensors on COTS PC based hardware and video cards. AMRDEC personnel worked with nVidia and Concurrent Computer Corporation to develop a Scene Generation system capable of frame rates of at least 120Hz while frame locked to an external source (such as a missile seeker) with no dropped frames. Latency measurements and image validation were performed using COTS and in-house developed hardware and software. Software for the Scene Generation system was developed using Open Scene Graph. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Ctr Dev & Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Buford, JA (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Ctr Dev & Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6666-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6544 BP E5440 EP E5440 AR 65440E DI 10.1117/12.724193 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BGJ52 UT WOS:000247631000011 ER PT S AU Murrill, SR Redman, B Espinola, RL Franck, CC Petkie, DT De Lucia, FC Jacobs, EL Griffin, ST Halford, CE Reynolds, J AF Murrill, Steven R. Redman, Brian Espinola, Richard L. Franck, Charmaine C. Petkie, Douglas T. De Lucia, Frank C. Jacobs, Eddie L. Griffin, Steven T. Halford, Carl E. Reynolds, Joe BE Jensen, JO Cui, HL TI Advanced terahertz imaging system performance model for concealed weapon identification - art. no. 654902 SO Terahertz for Military and Security Applications V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz for Military and Security Applications V CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE terahertz; imaging; security; concealed weapon identification; imaging system; performance modeling; active illumination; model AB The U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) have developed a terahertz-band imaging system performance model for detection and identification of concealed weaponry. The details of this MATLAB-based model which accounts for the effects of all critical sensor and display components, and for the effects of atmospheric attenuation, concealment material attenuation, and active illumination, were reported on at the 2005 SPIE Europe Security & Defence Symposium. The focus of this paper is to report on recent advances to the base model which have been designed to more realistically account for the dramatic impact that target and background orientation can have on target observability as related to specular and Lambertian reflections captured by an active-illumination-based imaging system. The advanced terahertz-band imaging system performance model now also accounts for target and background thermal emission, and has been recast into a user-friendly, Windows-executable tool. This advanced THz model has been developed in support of the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency's (DARPA) Terahertz Imaging Focal-Plane Technology (TIFT) program. This paper will describe the advanced THz model and its new radiometric sub-model in detail, and provide modeling and experimental results on target observability as a function of target and background orientation. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Murrill, SR (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6671-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6549 BP 54902 EP 54902 AR 654902 DI 10.1117/12.723032 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGL70 UT WOS:000248223000001 ER PT B AU Byrd, EFC Chabalowski, CF Rice, BM AF Byrd, Edward F. C. Chabalowski, Cary F. Rice, Betsy M. BE Huang, P Wang, Y Li, S TI An ab initio study of nitromethane, HMX, RDX, CL-20, PETN, and TATB SO THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS, VOL VII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Fall Seminar on Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics CY OCT 23-26, 2007 CL Xi an, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Inst Technol, State Key Lab Explos Sci & Technol DE energetic materials; density functional theory; compression ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE PETN; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; SOLID NITROMETHANE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB The performance of density functional theories (DFT) in predicting structural parameters for six conventional energetic materials (EM) over various degrees of compression was examined for a wide,range of pressures. The systems studied were nitromethane, 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetra-azacyclo-octane (HMX), cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX), 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurzitane (CL-20), 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3,5-benzenetriamine (TATB), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Dependencies of results on basis set size, k-points, choice of pseudopotential and method were explored. The results indicate that at zero compression, DFT is not adequate to describe crystallographic parameters for the systems under study. However, at compressions consistent with 6 GPa or greater, DFT predictions of crystal volumes are within 5% of experiment, and are insensitive to method, choice of pseudopotential and basis set size. The results suggest that the major source of error in DFT calculations applied to systems similar to these are due to inadequate treatment of van der Waals forces, which are the dominant forces in molecular organic crystals at the ambient state. RP Byrd, EFC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-03-020254-3 PY 2007 BP 696 EP 700 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BHC26 UT WOS:000252165900139 ER PT J AU Bakaltcheva, I O'Sullivan, AM Hmel, P Ogbu, H AF Bakaltcheva, Irina O'Sullivan, Anne Marie Hmel, Peter Ogbu, Helen TI Freeze-dried whole plasma: Evaluating sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, mannitol and glycine as stabilizers SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE plasma; freeze-drying; lyophitization; glycine; sucrose; protection ID FRESH-FROZEN PLASMA; FORMULATION; BLOOD; CELLS; CRYSTALLIZATION; INACTIVATION; PATHOGENS; PLATELETS; STATE AB Several groups report stability results for freeze-dried whole plasma intended for use as a transfusion product [Helltstern P, Sachse H, Schwinn H, Oberfrank K. Manufacture and in vitro characterization of a solvent/detergent-treated human plasma. Vox Song 1992;63:178-185; Trobisch H. Results of a quality-control study of lyophilized pooled plasmas which have been virally inactivated using a solvent detergent method (modified Horowitz procedure). Beitr Infusionsther 1991;28:92-109; Hugler P, Trobish H, Neuman H, Moller, Sirtl C, Derdak M, Laubenthal H. Quality control of three different conventional fresh-frozen plasma preparations and one new virus-inactivated lyophilized pooled plasma preparation. Klin Wochenschr 1991;69:157-161; Krutvacho T, Chuansumrit A, Isarangkura P, Pintadit P. Hathirat P, Chiewsilp P. Response of hemophilia with bleeding to fresh dry plasma. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1993; 24:169-173; Chuansumrit A, Krasaesub S, Angchaisuksiri P, Hathirat P, Isarangkura P. Survival analysis of patients with haernophilia at the International Haemophilia Training Centre, Bangkok, Thailand. Haemophilia 2004;10:542-549]. Plasma coagulation properties are substantially impaired in these freeze-dried plasmas, while pH levels are close to alkaline. In this work, plasma supplemented with 60 mM sucrose, trehalose, mannitol, sorbitol or glycine was freeze-dried. The samples were subjected to forced degradation at 40 degrees C for 10 days in order to quickly evaluate the effectiveness of the different stabilizers. Initial PT, APTT and TT values were 14.4 +/- 0.5 s, 31.4 +/- 1.5 s and 18.3 +/- 0.6 s, respectively. At the end of the degradation period, PT, APTT and TT were substantially prolonged, and were 19.1 +/- 0.5s, 43.1 +/- 0.6s and 26.1 +/- 1.0s, respectively. In the presence of glycine, at the end of the degradation period, PT, APTT and TT values remained close to the initial values and were 15.5 +/- 0. 4s, 35.7 +/- 0.9s and 19.4 +/- 0.2s, respectively. Percent activities of the coagulation factors V, VII, VIII, IX, X and the coagutation inhibitors protein C, protein S and antithrombin III were recorded. Factors V and VIII were most prone to degradation. Factor V and VIII activities, in control plasma, were approx. 44 +/- 3.5% and 58 +/- 2.3%, at the end of storage. In contrast, much higher factor V and VIII activities were maintained in the lyophilized glycine-supplemented plasma: approx. 60 3.5% and 74 +/- 7.0%, correspondingly. The most stable protein was protein C, which showed no signs of degradation under the testing conditions of this study. All tested stabilizers provided protection. Glycine, however, outperformed all tested polyols, providing superior preservation of plasma clotting properties. Thermograms of 60 mM glycine in water and 60 mM glycine in plasma show that, in the presence of plasma, glycine does not crystallize. The process of freeze-drying caused a complete toss of plasma pCO(2) (gas) and a substantial increase in plasma pH. Citric acid was found to be a suitable pH adjuster for lyophilized/rehydrated plasma. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bakaltcheva, I (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Irina.Bakaltcheva@na.amedd.army.mil NR 28 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PY 2007 VL 120 IS 1 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.thromres.2006.07.005 PG 12 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 172IB UT WOS:000246796400014 PM 16962645 ER PT J AU Elsayed, NM Gorbunov, NV AF Elsayed, Nabil M. Gorbunov, Nikolai V. TI Pulmonary biochemical and histological alterations after repeated low-level blast overpressure exposures SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE blast overpressure; explosive detonation; lung injury; repeated blast exposures; pulmonary biochemical and histological responses ID IMPULSE NOISE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; GUNFIRE NOISE; HEARING-LOSS; LUNG INJURY; BLOOD; IRON; TRAUMA; ANTIOXIDANTS; HEMOGLOBIN AB Blast overpressure (BOP), also known as high anergy impulse noise, is a damaging outcome of explosive detonations and firing of weapons. Exposure to BOP shock waves alone results in injury predominantly to the hollow organ systems such as auditory, respitory, and gastrointestinal systems. In recent years, the hazards of BOP that once were confined to military and professional settings have become a global societal problem as terrorist bombings and armed conflicts involving both military and civilian populations increased significantly. We have previously investigated the effects of single BOP exposures at different peak pressures. In this study, we examined the effects of repeated exposure to a low-level BOP and whether the number of exposures or time after exposure would alter the injury outcome. We exposed deeply anesthetized rats to simulated BOP at 62 +/- 2 kPa peak pressure. The lungs were examined immediately after one exposure (1+0), or 1 h after one (1+1), two (2+1), or three (3+1) consecutive exposures at 3-min intervel. In one group of animals, we examined the effects of repeated exposure on lung weight, methemoglobin, transferrin, antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation. In a second group, the lungs were fixed inflated at 25 cm water, sectioned, and examined histologically after one to three repeated exposures, or after one exposure at 1, 6, and 24 h. We found that single BOP exposure causes notable changes after 1 h, and that repeating BOP exposure did not add markedly to the effect of the first one. However, the effects increased significantly with time from 1 to 24 h. These observations have biological and occupational implications, and emphasize the need for protection from low-level BOP, and for prompt treatment within the first hour following BOP exposure. C1 Hurley Consulting Assoc, Dept Sci Affairs, Chatham, NJ 07928 USA. Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Elsayed, NM (reprint author), Celgene Corp, Summit, NJ 07901 USA. EM nelsayed@celgene.com NR 51 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl138 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 120GK UT WOS:000243072300029 PM 17060374 ER PT J AU Despain, KE McDonough, JH McMonagle, JD McGinley, MJ Evans, J AF Despain, Kenneth E. McDonough, John H. McMonagle, Joseph D. McGinley, Maura J. Evans, Jackie TI The toxicity of soman in the African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE acetylcholinesterase; African green monkey; cardiac troponin I; ECG; EEG; intramuscular; LD50; nonhuman primate; rhesus macaque; soman; telemetry ID INDUCED SEIZURE ACTIVITY; GUINEA-PIGS; MARMOSET MONKEYS; COMPARED EFFICACY; CARDIAC INJURY; TROPONIN-I; PRIMATES; PHYSOSTIGMINE; PRETREATMENT; DIAZEPAM AB This study determines soman toxicity in African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) and is the first step in exploring the suitability of this species as a model for nerve agent studies. Male African green monkeys were surgically implanted with telemetry devices to monitor electroencephalographic (EEG) and electrocardiographic (ECG) activity. Blood was taken at various times to measure whole blood acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Blood AChE activity relative to baseline was 0.0% to 2.5% 6 h after soman exposure and recovered to 31.9% to 72.0% by 30 days after exposure. The 6 h postexposure cTnI levels varied from 0.64 to 6.55 ng/mL, suggesting cardiac damage. Soman was prepared in saline to a concentration of 100 mu g/mL. Using an up-down design for small samples, subjects were exposed to 5.01, 6.31, or 7.94 g/kg soman IM. The first subject was given 5.01 g/kg soman IM and survived. Three subjects received 6.31 g/kg soman IM and survived. Three subjects received 7.94 g/kg soman IM and died within 25 min, 26 min, or 6 h. In all subjects, toxic signs of muscle fasciculation, tremors, chewing, and profuse salivation developed within 2 to 7 min. Tonic-clonic motor convulsions and EEG seizure began between 2 and 18 min after tremor onset. The 48 h IM LD50 of soman in saline in the African green monkey was calculated to be 7.15 g/kg. The signs and speed of soman intoxication in African green monkeys were consistent with those described in rhesus, cynomolguscynomolgus, and baboons. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Comparat Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Despain, KE (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Comparat Med, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Kenneth.despain@us.army.mil NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1080/15376510600972733 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 185RM UT WOS:000247728100002 PM 20020948 ER PT J AU Nambiar, MP Gordon, RK Moran, TS Richards, SM Sciuto, AM AF Nambiar, M. P. Gordon, R. K. Moran, T. S. Richards, S. M. Sciuto, A. M. TI A simple method for accurate endotracheal placement of an intubation tube in guinea pigs to assess lung injury following chemical exposure SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE chemical warfare agents; guinea pigs; inhalation exposure; intubation; pulmonary toxicity; respiratory system; trachea ID INHALATION TOXICITY; SARIN VAPOR; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; TISSUE CHOLINESTERASE; SULFUR MUSTARD; TOKYO SUBWAY; SOMAN; CARBOXYLESTERASE; WARFARE; INHIBITION AB Guinea pigs are considered as the animal model of choice for toxicology and medical countermeasure studies against chemical warfare agents ( CWAs) and toxic organophosphate pesticides because of the low levels of carboxylesterase compared to rats and mice. However, it is difficult to intubate guinea pigs without damaging the larynx to perform CWA inhalation experiments. We describe an easy technique of intubation of guinea pigs for accurate endotracheal placement of the intubation tube. The technique involves a speculum made by cutting the medium-size ear speculum in the midline leaving behind the intact circular connector to the otoscope. Guinea pigs were anesthetized with Telazol/meditomidine, the tongue was pulled using blunt forceps, and an otoscope attached with the specially prepared speculum was inserted gently. Insertion of the speculum raises the epiglottis and restrains the movements of vocal cord, which allows smooth insertion of the metal stylet-reinforced intubation tube. Accurate endotracheal placement of the intubation tube was achieved by measuring the length from the tracheal bifurcation to vocal cord and vocal cord to the upper front teeth. The average length of the trachea in guinea pigs ( 275 +/- 25 g) was 5.5 +/- 0.2 cm and the distance from the vocal cord to the front teeth was typically 3 cm. Coinciding an intubation tube marked at 6 cm with the upper front teeth accurately places the intubation tube 2.5 cm above the tracheal bifurcation. This simple method of intubation does not disturb the natural flora of the mouth and causes minimum laryngeal damage. It is rapid and reliable, and will be very valuable in inhalation exposure to chemical/biological warfare agents or toxic chemicals to assess respiratory toxicity and develop medical countermeasures. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Nambiar, MP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biochem, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Madhu-soodana.nambiar@na.amedd.army.mil NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 385 EP 392 DI 10.1080/15376510601094131 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 207PF UT WOS:000249262300002 PM 20020941 ER PT J AU Johnson, D AF Johnson, Douglas TI Leadership prerequisites - Colonel Conrad S. Babcock and command development during World War I SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Johnson, Douglas] USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Natl Secur Affairs, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Johnson, D (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Natl Secur Affairs, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHILOSOPHICAL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 104 SOUTH FIFTH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3387 USA SN 0065-9746 J9 T AM PHILOS SOC JI Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. PY 2007 VL 97 BP 104 EP 124 PN 4 PG 21 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 259LI UT WOS:000252940400007 ER PT J AU Martin, PJ Russell, K Lee, WT Sodhi, RS AF Martin, Peter J. Russell, Kevin Lee, Wen-Tzong Sodhi, Raj S. TI An algorithm for planar four-bar motion generation with optimization SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RIGID-BODY GUIDANCE; PARALLEL MANIPULATOR; MECHANISMS; LINKAGES AB A set of fixed and moving pivot loci can represent an infinite number of planar four-bar motion generator solutions for a given series of prescribed rigid-body poses. Unfortunately, given the vast number of possible mechanical solutions in a set of fixed and moving pivot loci, it is difficult for designers to arbitrarily select a fixed and moving pivot loci solution that ensures full link rotatability, produces feasible transmission angles and is a compact design. This work presents an algorithm for selecting planar four-bar motion generators with respect to Grashof conditions, transmission angle conditions and having the minimum perimeter value. This algorithm has been codified into MathCAD for enhanced analysis capabilities and ease of use. The example in this work demonstrates the synthesis of a compact planar, four-bar crank-rocker motion generator with feasible transmission angles. C1 [Martin, Peter J.; Russell, Kevin] USA, Armaments Engn & Technol Ctr, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [Lee, Wen-Tzong] Leader Univ, Dept Informat Management, Taiana 70970, Taiwan. [Sodhi, Raj S.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Russell, K (reprint author), USA, Armaments Engn & Technol Ctr, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM kevin.russell1@us.army.mil NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSME TRANS. PI MONTREAL PA C/O P J ZSOMBOR-MURRAY, MC GILL UNIV, RM 454 THOMAS WORKMAN ENG BLDG 817 SHERBROOKE ST W, MONTREAL, PQ H3A 2K6, CANADA SN 0315-8977 J9 T CAN SOC MECH ENG JI Trans. Can. Soc. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 357 EP 371 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 263QA UT WOS:000253230400008 ER PT B AU Waits, CM Jankowski, NR Geil, B Ghodssi, R AF Waits, C. M. Jankowski, N. R. Geil, B. Ghodssi, R. GP IEEE TI Mems rotary actuator using an integrated ball bearing and air turbine SO TRANSDUCERS '07 & EUROSENSORS XXI, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems/21st European Conference on Solid-State Transducers CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP CEA, Leti, Minatec, IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Elsevier DE microball bearings; microturbine; MEMS tribology ID MICROBALL BEARINGS; FRICTION AB The first silicon air-driven rotary actuation mechanism based on encapsulated ball bearings is reported. The method of integrating a silicon air turbine with a ball bearing support mechanism has been developed for silicon turbomachinery and tribological investigations. Rotational speeds up to 37,000 rpm and continuous operation longer than 24 hours were measured. Qualitative analysis is also presented, shedding light on silicon/ball wear and methods for increasing bearing lifetime and speeds. C1 [Waits, C. M.; Ghodssi, R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syst Res Inst, MEMS Sensors & Actuators Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Waits, C. M.; Jankowski, N. R.; Geil, B.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Waits, CM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syst Res Inst, MEMS Sensors & Actuators Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ghodssi@eng.umd.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0841-2 PY 2007 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGP86 UT WOS:000249603700278 ER PT B AU Reed, G Sorenson, G AF Reed, George Sorenson, Georgia BE Morse, RE Buss, TF Kinghorn, CM TI The Changing Leadership Landscape A Military Perspective SO TRANSFORMING PUBLIC LEADERSHIP FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE Transformational Trends in Governance and Democracy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Reed, George] Univ San Diego, Sch Leadership & Educ Sci, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Reed, George; Sorenson, Georgia] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Reed, G (reprint author), Univ San Diego, Sch Leadership & Educ Sci, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DRIVE, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA BN 978-0-7656-2041-5 J9 TRANSFORM TR GOV DEM PY 2007 BP 125 EP 137 PG 13 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BTY67 UT WOS:000288443800009 ER PT J AU Heymsfield, E Hodo, WD Wahl, RE AF Heymsfield, Ernest Hodo, Wayne D. Wahl, Ronald E. TI Development of damage model to analyze stabilized sail layers subjected to repetitive aircraft loadings SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Army Engineering Research and Development Center is developing methods to construct a contingency airfield within a short time that can support C-17 aircraft loadings. The proposed approach is to construct the runway site surface by chemically stabilizing the in-place top soil layer. To develop an optimal stabilized soil mixture, a suite of soil-chemical mixture combinations was examined. Because of the complexity and expense of full-scale testing, a numerical approach is being developed to predict stabilized soil response at contingency airfields. Results from the numerical approach will then be used to supplement data obtained from full-scale tests. Three stabilized soil mixtures were investigated by using stabilizing agents of 6% cement, 4% cement, and 4% cement plus 1.5-in. (38-mm) polypropylene fibers. These three mixtures were evaluated for strength and durability from unconfined compression and repeated load tests. A total of 33 unconfined compression load tests and 48 unconfined repeated load tests were conducted. A numerical model using damage is presented to predict stabilized soil behavior in response to repetitive loading. The damage model is calibrated by using only two material properties and two damage parameters. Results of this study indicate that stabilized soil exhibits plastic behavior and therefore a numerical model for stabilized soil must consider both damage and plastic behavior. C1 [Heymsfield, Ernest] Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 4190, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Hodo, Wayne D.; Wahl, Ronald E.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, Airfields & Pavements Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Heymsfield, E (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 4190, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ernie@uark.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 1990 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.3141/1990-03 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 255UF UT WOS:000252682300003 ER PT J AU Darr, LB Buchanan, B Jack, J Lowell, D Shires, C AF Darr, Linda Bauer Buchanan, Brandon Jack, Jason Lowell, Dana Shires, Christopher TI Commercial bus emissions and fuel use - Idling versus urban circulator SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB This paper summarizes the results of emissions testing conducted on six motor coaches with engines between model years 1997 and 2004. Each bus was tested while idling and also while being driven in simulated low-speed urban traffic. The intent of this program was to evaluate the potential effects of idle restriction policies on coach buses, particularly when coaches are forced to circulate in urban traffic to maintain appropriate cabin temperatures if restricted from idling. All tested buses used more fuel and emitted more nitrogen oxides (NO.) when being driven in simulated urban traffic than when idling. Fuel use at least doubled for all tested buses when driven compared with idling. For older coaches, NO, also doubled, whereas for newer coaches NO, emissions increased by 40%. If a coach bus is forced to circulate in traffic to maintain appropriate cabin temperatures, rather than idling while stationary, it will use up to 375 more gallons of fuel and emit up to 22 lb of excess NO, annually for only 1 h/day of circulating. Both fuel use and NO. emissions generally increased for all buses when the air conditioning was on, compared with when it was not, both while idling and while being driven. In this test program, the increase was less during urban driving than while idling, but given the relatively low ambient temperatures during the testing, the results may not be fully reflective of actual summer results in many parts of the country. For both idling and urban driving, the two newest buses (2004 engines) produced significantly less NO, than the four older buses. This finding is consistent with more stringent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency emissions standards for newer engines. C1 [Buchanan, Brandon] Amer Bus Assoc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Darr, Linda Bauer] Amer Moving & Storage Assoc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Jack, Jason; Shires, Christopher] USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Lowell, Dana] MJ Bradley & Associates, Manchester, NH 03101 USA. RP Buchanan, B (reprint author), Amer Bus Assoc, 700 13th St NW,Suite 575, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM bbuchanan@buses.org NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 2011 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.3141/2011-07 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 256MQ UT WOS:000252733600007 ER PT J AU Tingle, JS Newman, JK Larson, SL Weiss, CA Rushing, JF AF Tingle, Jeb S. Newman, J. Kent Larson, Steve L. Weiss, Charles A. Rushing, John F. TI Stabilization mechanisms of nontraditional additives SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Because of the high cost of quality construction materials, transportation engineers are often forced to seek alternative designs using substandard materials, commercial construction aids, alternative pavement materials, and innovative design practices. Nontraditional soil stabilization additives are being marketed as viable solutions for stabilizing marginal materials as a low-cost alternative to traditional construction materials. Nontraditional additives are diverse in their composition and the way they interact with soil. Unfortunately, little is known about their interaction with geotechnical materials and their fundamental stabilization mechanisms. The objective of this research was to advance current understanding of the chemical and physical bonding mechanisms associated with selected nontraditional stabilizers. The research consisted of conducting qualitative analyses of hypothesized stabilization mechanisms, examining historical literature for supporting documentation, and performing laboratory experiments to improve the understanding of how these nontraditional additives stabilize soils. Laboratory experiments included image analyses, physical characterization, and chemical analyses to determine the primary constituents of the mineral, soil, stabilizer, and stabilized soil composite. The focus of this effort was to provide insight into the proposed mechanisms by using the laboratory data to examine proposed mechanisms from the historical literature and to :provide additional hypotheses for the interaction between nontraditional additives and different soil types. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tingle, JS (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Jeb.S.Tingle@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 1989 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.3141/1989-49 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 217GA UT WOS:000249935200010 ER PT J AU Berney, ES Wahl, RE AF Berney, Ernest S., IV Wahl, Ronald E. TI Rapid soils analysis kit for low-volume roads and contingency airfields SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The ability to determine the construction requirements for soil without the need to conduct laboratory testing is essential in performing an expedient airfield or highway design. Until now, only subjective field analysis techniques satisfied this requirement, but their results failed to provide tangible numeric data that could be used to determine moisture-density and California bearing ratio (CBR) design criteria. This paper introduces a rapid soils classification kit with instruments that are compact and easily transported to provide an immediate measure of soil moisture, grain-size distribution, and plastic limit. An accompanying software program incorporates the numeric data generated from the soils kit, classifies the soil, and performs multiple regression routines based on a statistical analysis of a large database of soil properties to predict optimum water content and maximum dry density for the soil of interest. Built-in, higher-order regression equations allow the user to visualize complete moisture-density curves for varying compaction energies as well as soaked and unsoaked CBR as functions of water content for the constructed condition of the soil. The moisture-density curve and CBR strength represent the critical data necessary to enable contingency design and construction of highways and airfields. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Berney, ES (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Ernest.S.Berney.IV@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 1989 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.3141/1989-50 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 217GA UT WOS:000249935200011 ER PT J AU Tingle, JS Jersey, SR AF Tingle, Jeb S. Jersey, Sarah R. TI Empirical design methods for geosynthetic-reinforced low-volume roads SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Low-volume road managers are forced to focus their limited resources on higher-capacity infrastructure, with minimal funding for repairing, maintaining, or improving unpaved low-volume roads as a result. Insufficient funding requires road managers to consider the use of innovative stabilization and reinforcement materials to reduce operational costs and minimize maintenance requirements. Geosynthetic materials have been used for many years to improve the quality of low-volume roads in an effort to reduce the amount of aggregate required or to extend the service life of the pavement. The objective of this paper is to review the use of geotextiles and geogrids in unpaved roads, compare common design approaches, discuss advantages and limitations of current design methods, and seek directions for future research efforts to improve the implementation of geosynthetic technologies. This paper summarizes prior research activities to establish the historical performance of geosynthetic-reinforced unpaved roads. Once the performance benefits have been generally supported, current design methods for separations and reinforcement, including advantages and limiting assumptions., are discussed. The sensitivity of the design methods to specific input parameters is examined to provide users with an understanding of the impact of design assumptions on the resulting structural design. Design methods are compared by performing designs with different methods for a variety of site conditions. Finally, the paper discusses the essential requirements for the development of more advanced design methods. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tingle, JS (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Jeb.S.Tingle@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 1989 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.3141/1989-52 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 217GA UT WOS:000249935200013 ER PT J AU Jersey, SR Tingle, JS AF Jersey, Sarah R. Tingle, Jeb S. TI Geotextile response to common index property tests SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Pavement engineers must design for marginal materials while simultaneously minimizing construction and design costs and extending the pavement design life. The inclusion of geotextiles in pavement structures is a common method of accounting for these apparently incompatible goals. However, the attempt to provide a cost-effective design often forces engineers to design on the basis of a minimal amount of geotextile index property data. The objective of this investigation was to quantify the variability of geotextile index tests to provide engineers with a means of estimating material variability for reliability-based engineering. A wide variety of geotextiles was. obtained from manufacturers to represent a broad cross section of available geotextile products. The geotextiles were subjected to a battery of index property tests. The experimental manufacturer's average roll value (MARV) was computed from the limited number of replicates in the laboratory and compared with the manufacturer's reported MARV. General conclusions regarding strength, elongation, modulus, and toughness properties of geotextiles from index tests are presented. Behavioral trends were observed for geotextile material types and manufacturing processes. The implications of the trends for design applications and product specification are noted. The intent of this paper is to improve the general practitioner's understanding of geotextile behavior and of the implications of using index properties for product specification and project design. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Jersey, SR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Sarah.R.Jersey@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 1989 BP 102 EP 112 DI 10.3141/1989-53 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 217GA UT WOS:000249935200014 ER PT J AU Southworth, F Peterson, B Lambert, B AF Southworth, Frank Peterson, Bruce Lambert, Bruce TI Development of a regional routing model for strategic waterway analysis SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORTATION NETWORK; IMPLEMENTATION; FLOWS AB The Navigation Economics Technologies suite of models is being developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to bring new analytic tools to the process of evaluating and planning navigation investments. A hierarchical and potentially iterative approach consisting of three levels, or tiers, has been proposed, one that moves from a broad regional and global geography in Tier 1, down to a detailed, project- and facility-specific level of detail in Tier 3. This paper describes the construction of a commodity flows database to support Tier-2 modeling. Called the regional routing model, it takes spatial disaggregations of broad regional forecasts of commodity flows to a point at which they can be assigned to specific modes and routes over the U.S. transportation network. The paper describes the model structure and how it is being tied closely to a multisource database constructed to support base year model calibration. A goal for the model is to be able to measure the effects on flows and transportation costs of changes to either the capacity of the transportation network or to the volume of goods produced and consumed. Some preliminary results are shown. C1 [Southworth, Frank; Peterson, Bruce] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Lambert, Bruce] USA Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Southworth, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg NTRC,MS-6472,2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM sou@ornl.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 1993 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.3141/1993-15 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 255UK UT WOS:000252682800015 ER PT J AU Rushing, JF Tingle, JS AF Rushing, John F. Tingle, Jeb S. TI Evaluation of products and application procedures for mitigating dust in temperate climates SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB An evaluation of commercial dust palliatives was conducted to determine their effectiveness in mitigating fugitive dust on roads in temperate climates. Several types of dust palliatives were tested, including polymer emulsions, a polysaccharide solution, a calcium chloride solution, and synthetic fluids. Each product was placed in an individual test section; application rates ranged from 1.8 to 3.6 L/m(2) with a topical or an admix construction method (grade, spray, till, compact, spray). Water-soluble products were diluted by using one part product and three parts water. Test sections were constructed and observed for 220 days to monitor product performance. Test sections were located along training routes at Ft. Leonard Wood, Missouri, and were subjected to heavy military truck and tracked vehicle traffic. Data from stationary and mobile particle collectors were analyzed to determine the ability of each product to suppress dust for extended periods. Nuclear density tests were performed to monitor soil moisture content and density. Several products are recommended for use on roads in temperate climates as a result of this evaluation. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Rushing, JF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM John.F.Rushing@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 1989 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.3141/1989-36 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 217FT UT WOS:000249934500037 ER PT J AU Macete, E Aponte, JJ Guinovart, C Sacarlal, J Ofori-Anyinam, O Mandomando, I Espasa, M Bevilacqua, C Leach, A Dubois, MC Heppner, DG Tello, L Milman, J Cohen, J Dubovsky, F Tornieporth, N Thompson, R Alonso, PL AF Macete, E. Aponte, J. J. Guinovart, C. Sacarlal, J. Ofori-Anyinam, O. Mandomando, I. Espasa, M. Bevilacqua, C. Leach, A. Dubois, M. C. Heppner, D. G. Tello, L. Milman, J. Cohen, J. Dubovsky, F. Tornieporth, N. Thompson, R. Alonso, P. L. TI Safety and immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS02A candidate malaria vaccine in children aged 1-4 in Mozambique SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE RTS,S; safety; malaria vaccine ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; EFFICACY; INFECTION; DISEASE; GAMBIA AB BACKGROUND The development of a malaria vaccine remains a public health priority for sub-Saharan Africa. RTS,S/AS02A candidate malaria vaccine has been shown to be safe and immunogenic in previous studies in adults and staggered dose-escalation studies in children in The Gambia. However, genetic features and the intensity of malaria transmission may modify the safety and immune response of a vaccine. OBJECTIVE We carried out a phase I, double-blind randomized controlled trial in 60 children aged 1-4 in Mozambique to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the paediatric vaccine dose (fixed 25 mu g RTS,S in 0.25 ml) of RTS,S/AS02A, prior to undertaking a planned larger phase IIb proof-of-concept of efficacy study in the same population. METHOD Children were randomized to receive either RTS,S/AS02A or Engerix-B-(R) vaccine. Monitoring of safety and reactogenicity included detailed clinical and laboratory analyses and assessment of adverse events (AEs). RESULTS The RTS,S/AS02A was found to be safe and well tolerated. Serious adverse events were balanced between both groups and none was related to vaccination. The frequency of adverse events reported with RTS, S/AS02A was comparable to previous studies in children. Grade 3 AEs were infrequent (one case of pain, one of fever in each group and some swelling greater than 20 mm in diameter), transient and resolved without sequelae. RTS,S/AS02A was highly immunogenic for anti-circumsporozoite protein antibody response and induced a strong anti-hepatitis-B surface antigen response. C1 Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin Barcelona, Ctr Salud Int, IDIBAPS, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain. CISM, Manhica, Mozambique. Minist Saude, Direccao Nacl Saude, Maputo, Mozambique. Univ Eduardo Mondlane, Fac Med, Maputo, Mozambique. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. Minist Saude, Inst Nacl Saude, Maputo, Mozambique. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Alonso, PL (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin Barcelona, Ctr Salud Int, IDIBAPS, C Villarroel 170, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain. EM palonso@clinic.ub.es RI ESPASA, MATEU/L-4587-2014 NR 13 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JAN PY 2007 VL 12 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01754.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 123LS UT WOS:000243298000005 PM 17207146 ER PT S AU Adams, WJ Davis, NJ AF Adams, William J. Davis, Nathaniel J. BE Etalle, S Marsh, S TI Validating a trust-based access control system SO TRUST MANAGEMENT SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint iTrust and PST Conference on Privacy, Trust Management and Security CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL New Brunswick, CANADA DE validation testing; access control; trust management AB Over the last few years researchers have recognized the need for adaptive access control mechanisms for dynamic collaborative environments. As a result, several mechanisms have been proposed and demonstrated in academic literature. Although these mechanisms have been verified to perform as advertised, few of them have been validated to work within an operational environment. Using a decentralized trust-based access control system of their own design, the authors validated their system using a narrative technique to develop a realistic operational scenario. They tested the system within the scenario and then applied a cost and a success metric to the results to determine the efficiency of their mechanism. The results show how the authors' narrative approach and success metric combine to provide more efficient and effective analysis of how an access control mechanisms will perform when used in an operational environment. C1 [Adams, William J.] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Davis, Nathaniel J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Adams, WJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Joe.adams@usma.edu; Nathaniel.Davis@afit.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-5736 BN 978-0-387-73654-9 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2007 VL 238 BP 91 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGR57 UT WOS:000250108200007 ER PT B AU Korotkevich, AO Pushkarev, AN Resio, D Zakharov, VE AF Korotkevich, Alexander O. Pushkarev, Andrei N. Resio, Don Zakharov, Vladimir E. BE Kundu, A TI Numerical verification of the hasselmann equation SO TSUNAMI AND NONLINEAR WAVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Tsunami and Nonlinear Waves CY MAR 06-10, 2006 CL Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Calcutta, INDIA HO Saha Inst Nucl Phys ID SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; CAPILLARY WAVES; WEAK TURBULENCE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; SEA WAVES; SIMULATION; SPECTRUM; STATISTICS; MODELS; FLUID AB The purpose of this article is numerical verification of the thory of weak turbulence. We performed numerical simulation of an ensemble of nonlinearly interacting free gravity waves (swell) by two different methods: solution of primordial dynamical equations describing potential flow of the ideal fluid with a free surface and, solution of the kinetic Hasselmann equation, describing the wave ensemble in the framework of the theory of weak turbulence. Comparison of the results demonstrates pretty good applicability of the weak turbulent approach. In both cases we observed effects predicted by this theory: frequency downshift, angular spreading as well as formation of Zakharov-Filonenko spectrum I-omega similar to omega(-4). To achieve quantitative coincidence of the results obtained by different methods one has to accomplish the Hasselmann kinetic equation by an empirical dissipation term S-diss modeling the coherent effects of white-capping. Adding of the standard dissipation terms used in the industrial wave predicting model (WAM) leads to significant improvement but not resolve the discrepancy completely, leaving the question about optimal choice Of S-diss Open. Numerical modeling of swell evolution in the framework of the dynamical equations is affected by the side effect of resonances sparsity taking place due to finite size of the modeling domain. We mostly overcame this effect using fine integration grid of 512 x 4096 modes. The initial spectrum peak was located at the wave number k = 300. Similar conditions can be hardly realized in the laboratory wave tanks. One of the results of our article consists in the fact that physical processes in finite size laboratory wave tanks and in the ocean are quite different, and the results of such laboratory experiments can be applied to modeling of the ocean phenomena with extra care. We also present the estimate on the minimum size of the laboratory installation, allowing to model open ocean surface wave dynamics. C1 [Korotkevich, Alexander O.; Zakharov, Vladimir E.] LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, RAS, 2 Kosygin Str, Moscow 119334, Russia. [Pushkarev, Andrei N.; Zakharov, Vladimir E.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Pushkarev, Andrei N.; Zakharov, Vladimir E.] Waves & Solitons LLC, Phoenix, AZ 85045 USA. [Resio, Don] US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Zakharov, Vladimir E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Korotkevich, AO (reprint author), LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, RAS, 2 Kosygin Str, Moscow 119334, Russia. EM kao@1andau.ac.ru; andrei@cox.net; zakharov@math.arizona.edu RI Zakharov, Vladimir/F-1461-2016; Zakharov, Vladimir/G-7276-2016; Pushkarev, Andrei/I-8290-2016; OI Pushkarev, Andrei/0000-0001-9310-5888; zakharov, vladimir/0000-0001-8855-7185 FU ONR [N00014-03-1-0648]; RFBR [06-01-00665-a]; INTAS [00-292]; RAS Presidium and Leading Scientific Schools of Russia; US Army Corps of Engineers [DACW 42-03-C-0019]; NSF [NDMS0072803]; [MK-1055.2005.2] FX This work was supported by ONR grant N00014-03-1-0648, RFBR grant 06-01-00665-a, INTAS grant 00-292, the Programme Nonlinear dynamics and solitonsfrom the RAS Presidium and Leading Scientific Schools of Russia grant, also by US Army Corps of Engineers Grant DACW 42-03-C-0019 and by NSF Grant NDMS0072803.; A.O. Korotkevich was supported by Russian President grant for young scientist MK-1055.2005.2. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-71255-8 PY 2007 BP 135 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-71256-5_7 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics, Mathematical SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics GA BGJ70 UT WOS:000247660700007 ER PT S AU Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Shen, H Wraback, M AF Garrett, Gregory A. Sampath, Anand V. Shen, Hongen Wraback, Michael BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Subpicosecond time-resolved photoluminescence of carrier transfer in AlGaN using difference-frequency generation SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID AL(X)GA1-XN ALLOYS AB Ultraviolet photoluminescence from AlxGa1-x,N epilayers exhibiting strong carrier localization is time-resolved with system response down to 300 fs using optical gating by frequency downconversion in a nonlinear crystal. C1 [Garrett, Gregory A.; Sampath, Anand V.; Shen, Hongen; Wraback, Michael] US Army, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Garrett, GA (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ggarrett@arl.army.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 627 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700202 ER PT S AU Semendy, F Singh, S Litz, M Wijewarnasuriya, P Blaine, K Dhar, N AF Semendy, Fred Singh, Satpal Litz, Mark Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal Blaine, Kara Dhar, Nibir BE Chang, Z Kyrala, GA Kieffer, JC TI Front and back side processed unintentionally doped GaAs Schottky detectors for X-ray detection SO ULTRAFAST X-RAY SOURCES AND DETECTORS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrafast X-Ray Sources and Detectors CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SI-GaAs; Schottky detectors; I-V characteristics; X-ray detection ID EPITAXIAL GAAS; PERFORMANCE AB We have studied the current voltage and X-ray detection using front and back side processed, unintentionally doped bulk GaAs Schottky detectors. GaAs detectors with large enough thickness and low enough doping could be used for X-ray imaging, especially for medical applications. GaAs Schottky detectors were fabricated using front and back side photolithographic processing with Ti/Au for Schottky and Ge/Au/Ni/Au for Ohmic contacts. A number of detectors of size 2 mm(2) were tested. The breakdown voltage reached 600- 800 V in semi insulated (SI) GaAs Schottky front and back side processed detectors. For these detectors the dark current was found to be between 2- 90 nA. These detectors were also characterized with 150 keV, 3mA X-ray radiation and they responded well by showing more than a hundred fold increase in photocurrent due to production of electron hole pairs by the ionization processes. The processing of the detectors and the I-V and X-ray characterization is presented in this report. C1 [Semendy, Fred; Litz, Mark; Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal; Blaine, Kara; Dhar, Nibir] USA, Res Labs, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Semendy, F (reprint author), USA, Res Labs, SEDD, 2800 Powder Mill RD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6851-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6703 AR 67030N DI 10.1117/12.732121 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHC29 UT WOS:000252168700016 ER PT S AU Damarla, R Ufford, D AF Damarla, Raju Ufford, David BE Carapezza, EM TI Personnel detection using ground sensors - art. no. 656205 SO Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE personnel detection; sensor fusion; acoustic detection; passive IR; change in scene; seismic detection AB In this paper we present a multi-modal multi-sensor fusion algorithm for the detection of personnel. The unattended ground sensors employed consist of acoustic, seismic, passive infrared (PIR) and video camera. The individual sensor data is processed and the probabilities of detection of a person are estimated. Then, the individual probability estimates are fused to estimate the overall probability of detection of a person. The confidence levels of each sensor modality are estimated based on a large set of data. The performance of the algorithm is tested on data collected in an unoccupied basement of a building with single and multiple people present. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Damarla, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6684-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6562 BP 56205 EP 56205 AR 656205 DI 10.1117/12.723212 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BGR09 UT WOS:000249915700003 ER PT S AU Robertson, DN Pham, T Edge, H Porter, B Shurnaker, J Cline, D AF Robertson, Dale N. Pham, Tien Edge, Harris Porter, Brian Shurnaker, Justin Cline, Duane BE Carapezza, EM TI Acoustic sensing from small-size UAVs - art. no. 656208 SO Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE UAV; acoustic; transient; detection; bearing; localization; windscreen AB As part of a research initiative within the US Army Research Laboratory, we investigate acoustic sensing capability from UAVs for remote Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) applications. Acoustic sensing from UAVs offers several advantages over acoustic sensing on the ground including: (i) longer detection ranges due to upward refraction and (ii) a single elevated acoustic array (versus multiple acoustic arrays on the ground) can provide a pointing vector to the acoustic source on the ground. However, there are technical challenges with having acoustic sensors on UAVs which involve self generated noise from the platform and the air flow. In this paper, we describe our current work with acoustic sensors on small UAV platforms and present preliminary processing results from a recent field experiment. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Robertson, DN (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6684-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6562 BP 56208 EP 56208 AR 656208 DI 10.1117/12.723691 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BGR09 UT WOS:000249915700005 ER PT S AU Tran-Luu, TD Solomon, L Tenney, S AF Tran-Luu, Tung-Duong Solomon, Latasha Tenney, Steve BE Carapezza, EM TI Acoustic localization of mortar and small arms fires - art. no. 656213 SO Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE source localization; least-squares; maximum likelihood; multipath; outlier detection AB This paper compares three methods that estimate the location of an acoustic event based on measurements of its time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) at a set of microphone arrays. We propose first a Least-Square (LS) estimator for source location for this combined DOA-TOA measurement model. We then look at the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator, comparing both estimators to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB). Our third estimator is based on the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) formulation and is designed to handle the association problem, where detections at different arrays must be matched if they correspond to a single event. Simulations show that the LS estimator performs slightly better than the ML estimator when the observation noise is not the expected one. Both methods exhibit a bias in the range estimate, which accounts for most of the square error. The MAP estimator, applied to live fire data, was accurate and successfully resolved multiple targets from outlier and multipath noise. C1 AMSRD ARL SE SA, ATTN, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tran-Luu, TD (reprint author), AMSRD ARL SE SA, ATTN, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6684-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6562 BP 56213 EP 56213 AR 656213 DI 10.1117/12.715053 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BGR09 UT WOS:000249915700028 ER PT S AU Wilson, DK Marlin, DH Mackay, S AF Wilson, D. Keith Marlin, David H. Mackay, Sean BE Carapezza, EM TI Acoustic/seismic signal propagation and sensor performance modeling - art. no. 65620R SO Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE battlespace sensor modeling; sound propagation; weather effects; tactical decision aids ID SOUND-PROPAGATION; SIMULATIONS; PREDICTION; NOISE AB Performance, optimal employment, and interpretation of data from acoustic and seismic sensors depend strongly and in complex ways on the environment in which they operate. Software tools for guiding non-expert users of acoustic and seismic sensors are therefore much needed. However, such tools require that many individual components be constructed and correctly connected together. These components include the source signature and directionality, representation of the atmospheric and terrain environment, calculation of the signal propagation, characterization of the sensor response, and mimicking of the data processing at the sensor. Selection of an appropriate signal propagation model is particularly important, as there are significant trade-offs between output fidelity and computation speed. Attenuation of signal energy, random fading, and (for array systems) variations in wavefront angle-of-arrival should all be considered. Characterization of the complex operational environment is often the weak link in sensor modeling: important issues for acoustic and seismic modeling activities include the temporal/spatial resolution of the atmospheric data, knowledge of the surface and subsurface terrain properties, and representation of ambient background noise and vibrations. Design of software tools that address these challenges is illustrated with two examples: a detailed target-to-sensor calculation application called the Sensor Performance Evaluator for Battlefield Environments (SPEBE) and a GIS-embedded approach called Battlefield Terrain Reasoning and Awareness (BTRA). C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6684-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6562 BP R5620 EP R5620 AR 65620R DI 10.1117/12.720093 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BGR09 UT WOS:000249915700019 ER PT S AU Zong, L O'Brien, BJ AF Zong, Lei O'Brien, Barry J. BE Carapezza, EM TI ARL participation in the C4ISR OTM experiment: Integration and performance results - art. no. 65620S SO Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE C4ISR; future combat systems (FCS); Situational awareness (SA); unattended ground sensors (UGS); unmanned ground vehicles (UGV); wireless sensor network; ad hoc; smart camera; command and control (C2) AB The Command, Control, Communication, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C41SR) On-The-Move (OTM) demonstration is an annual showcase of how innovative technologies can help modem troops increase their situational awareness (SA) in battlefield environments. To evaluate the effectiveness these new technologies have on the soldiers' abilities to gather situational information, the demonstration involves United States Army National Guard troops in realistic war game scenarios at an Army Reserve training ground. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) was invited to participate in the event, with the objective demonstrating system-level integration of disparate technologies developed for gathering SA information in small unit combat operations. ARL provided expertise in Unattended Ground Sensing (UGS) technology, Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) technology. information processing and wireless mobile ad hoc communication. The ARL C41SR system included a system of multimodal sensors (MMS), a trip wire imager, a man-portable robotic vehicle (PackBot), and low power sensor radios for communication between an ARL system and a hosting platoon vehicle. This paper will focus on the integration effort of bringing the multiple families of sensor assets together into a working system. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zong, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6684-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6562 BP S5620 EP S5620 AR 65620S DI 10.1117/12.719354 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BGR09 UT WOS:000249915700020 ER PT J AU Biddle, S AF Biddle, Stephen BE Angstrom, J Duyvesteyn, I TI TOPPLING THE TALIBAN IN AFGHANISTAN SO UNDERSTANDING VICTORY AND DEFEAT IN CONTEMPORARY WAR SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WARFARE; FUTURE C1 [Biddle, Stephen] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Biddle, Stephen] Univ N Carolina, USA, War Coll Strateg Studies Inst SSI, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-96768-3 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2007 BP 187 EP 205 PG 19 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BPL28 UT WOS:000279121600010 ER PT S AU Ressler, M Nguyen, L Koenig, F Wong, D Smith, G AF Ressler, Marc Nguyen, Lam Koenig, Francois Wong, David Smith, Gregory BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) synchronous impulse reconstruction (SIRE) forward-looking radar - art. no. 656105 SO Unmanned Systems Technology IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE forward-looking radar; synthetic aperture radar; ultra-wideband radar; SAR; UWB ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has designed and fabricated a forward-looking, impulse-based, ultra-wideband (UWB) imaging radar for detection of concealed targets. This system employs a physical array of 16 receive antennas to provide the necessary aperture for sufficient cross-range resolution in the forward-looking geometry. Each antenna feeds a base-band receiver/digitizer that integrates the data from a number of radar pulses before passing it on to the personal computer (PC) based operator's console and display. The innovative ARL receiver design uses commercially available integrated circuits to provide a low-cost, lightweight digitizing scheme with an effective sampling rate of approximately 8 GHz. The design is extensible to allow for growth in the number of channels used and improvements in integrated circuit performance to eventually meet the expected unmanned ground vehicle combat pace. Down-range resolution is provided by the bandwidth of the transmitted pulse which occupies 300-3000 MHz. Range coverage is designed to be 25 meters with an adjustable start point forward of the vehicle. Modeling studies have shown that a pair of transmitters situated at the two ends of the receive array provides best performance in cross-range resolution. Radar data is continuously collected so that a horizontal two-dimensional synthetic aperture is formed for 3-D image formation. This allows focusing of the data to yield estimates of target height as well as position to tag potential obstacles as being negative (e.g. holes, ditches) or positive (e.g. tree stumps). The forward motion also improves the cross range resolution to targets as their aspect changes. C1 AMSRL SE RU, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ressler, M (reprint author), AMSRL SE RU, Army Res Lab, 2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6683-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6561 BP 56105 EP 56105 AR 656105 DI 10.1117/12.719688 PG 12 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL74 UT WOS:000248227700004 ER PT S AU Rigas, EJ Bodt, B Camden, R AF Rigas, Elias J. Bodt, Barry Camden, Richard BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Detection, tracking, and avoidance of moving objects from a moving autonomous vehicle - art. no. 656106 SO Unmanned Systems Technology IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE UGV; safety; perception; planning AB ARL is developing the autonomous capability to directly support the Army's future requirements to employ unmanned systems. The purpose of this paper is to document and benchmark the current ARL Collaborative Technology Alliance (CTA) capabilities in detecting, tracking and avoiding moving humans and vehicles from a moving unmanned vehicle. For this experiment ARL and General Dynamics Robotic Systems (GDRS) conducted an experiment involving an ARL eXperimental Unmanned Vehicle (XUV) operating in proximity to a number of stationary and moving human surrogates (mannequins) and moving vehicles. In addition there were other objects along the XUV route of the experiment such as barrels, fire hydrants, poles, cones, and other clutter. The experiment examined the performance of seven algorithms using a series of sensor modalities to detect stationary and moving objects. Three of the algorithms showed promise, detecting human surrogates and vehicles with probabilities ranging from 0.64 to 0.85, while limiting probability of misclassification to 0.14 to 0.37. Moving mannequins were detected with slightly higher probabilities than fixed mannequins. The distance from the ground truth at the time of detection suggests that at a speed of 20 kph with a minimum distance to detection of 19.38 in, the vehicle would have a minimum of 3.5 seconds to avoid a mannequin or vehicle if detected by one of these three algorithms. Among mannequins and vehicles and, mannequins were more frequently detected than vehicles. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Dir, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rigas, EJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Dir, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6683-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6561 BP 56106 EP 56106 AR 656106 DI 10.1117/12.718801 PG 12 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL74 UT WOS:000248227700005 ER PT S AU Muenchl, P Marecki, A AF Muenchl, Paul Marecki, Alexander BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Pendulum walker - art. no. 656118 SO Unmanned Systems Technology IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Picture someone walking from left to right. During one step (intra-step) we treat them as a simple pendulum. This model is called the rimless wheel in the literature. We analyze this model intra-step using dynamic programming to find the optimum energy profile based on time and energy cost. We then analyze the problem inter-step for the ideal stepsize based on time cost alone, i.e., without foot collision (energy) losses. C1 USA, REDECOM, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Muenchl, P (reprint author), USA, REDECOM, TARDEC, 6501 E 11 Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6683-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6561 BP 56118 EP 56118 AR 656118 DI 10.1117/12.719762 PG 12 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL74 UT WOS:000248227700034 ER PT S AU Karlsen, RE Witus, G AF Karlsen, Robert E. Witus, Gary BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Terrain perception for robot navigation - art. no. 65610A SO Unmanned Systems Technology IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID OFF-ROAD NAVIGATION; CLASSIFICATION AB This paper presents a method to forecast terrain trafficability from visual appearance. During training, the system identifies a set of image chips (or exemplars) that span the range of terrain appearance. Each chip is assigned a vector tag of vehicle-terrain interaction characteristics that are obtained from simple performance models and on-board sensors, as the vehicle traverses the terrain. The system uses the exemplars to segment images into regions, based on visual similarity to the terrain patches observed during training, and assigns the appropriate vehicle-terrain interaction tag to them. This methodology will therefore allow the online forecasting of vehicle performance on upcoming terrain. Currently, the system uses a fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm for training. In this paper, we explore a number of different features for characterizing the visual appearance of the terrain and measure their effect on the prediction of vehicle performance. C1 USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Karlsen, RE (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6683-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6561 BP A5610 EP A5610 AR 65610A DI 10.1117/12.720829 PG 11 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL74 UT WOS:000248227700009 ER PT S AU Gerhart, GR Witus, G AF Gerhart, Grant R. Witus, Gary BE Carapezza, EM TI Sensor deployment on unmanned ground vehicles - art. no. 673603 SO UNMANNED/UNATTENDED SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks IV CY SEP 18-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE Europe DE unmanned systems; robotics; sensor systems; physical security; small robots AB TARDEC has been developing payloads for small robots as part of its unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) development programs. These platforms typically weigh less than 100 lbs and are used for various physical security and force protection applications. This paper will address a number of technical issues including platform mobility, payload positioning, sensor configuration and operational tradeoffs. TARDEC has developed a number of robots with different mobility mechanisms including track, wheel and hybrid track/wheel running gear configurations. An extensive discussion will focus upon omni-directional vehicle (ODV) platforms with enhanced intrinsic mobility for positioning sensor payloads. This paper also discusses tradeoffs between intrinsic platform mobility and articulated arm complexity for end point positioning of modular sensor packages. C1 [Gerhart, Grant R.] USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Gerhart, GR (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, AMSRD TAR R MS 263, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6894-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6736 BP 73603 EP 73603 DI 10.1117/12.736109 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHJ86 UT WOS:000253667400001 ER PT S AU Anderson, TS AF Anderson, Thomas S. BE Carapezza, EM TI Seismic augmentation of acoustic monitoring of mortar fire - art. no. 67360I SO UNMANNED/UNATTENDED SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks IV CY SEP 18-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE Europe DE acoustic array; seismic array; seismic detection; source discriminant AB The US Army Corps of Engineers Research and Development Center participated in a joint ARL-NATO TG-53 field experiment and data collect at Yuma Proving Ground, AZ in early November 2005. Seismic and acoustic signatures from both muzzle blasts and impacts of small arms fire and artillery were recorded using 7 seismic arrays and 3 acoustic arrays. Arrays comprised of 12 seismic and 12 acoustic sensors each were located from 700 in to 18 kin from gun positions. Preliminary analysis of signatures attributed to 60mm, 81 mm, 120 mm mortars recorded at a seismic-acoustic array 1.1 km from gun position are presented. Seismic and acoustic array f-k analysis is performed to detect and characterize the source signature. Horizontal seismic data are analyzed to determine efficacy of a seismic discriminant for mortar and artillery sources. Rotation of North and East seismic components to radial and transverse components relative to the source-receiver path provide maximum surface wave amplitude on the transverse component. Angles of rotation agree well with f-k analysis of both seismic and acoustic signals. The spectral energy of the rotated transverse surface wave is observable on the all caliber of mortars at a distance of 1.1 km and is a reliable source discriminant for mortar sources at this distance. In a step towards automation, travel time stencils using local seismic and acoustic velocities are applied to seismic data for analysis and determination of source characteristics. C1 USACE ERDC CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Anderson, TS (reprint author), USACE ERDC CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6894-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6736 BP I7360 EP I7360 DI 10.1117/12.738131 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHJ86 UT WOS:000253667400014 ER PT S AU Hohil, ME Grasing, D Desai, S Morcos, A AF Hohil, Myron E. Grasing, David Desai, Sachi Morcos, Amir BE Carapezza, EM TI Mortar and artillery variants classification by exploiting characteristics of the acoustic signature - art. no. 67360J SO UNMANNED/UNATTENDED SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks IV CY SEP 18-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE Europe DE neural network; artillery; impact; launch; statistical analysis; acoustic sensors; and artillery AB Feature extraction methods based on the discrete wavelet transform and multiresolution analysis facilitate the development of a robust classification algorithm that reliably discriminates mortar and artillery variants via acoustic signals produced during the launch/impact events. Utilizing acoustic sensors to exploit the sound waveform generated from the blast for the identification of mortar and artillery variants. Distinct characteristics arise within the different mortar variants because varying HE mortar payloads and related charges emphasize concussive and shrapnel effects upon impact employing varying magnitude explosions. The different mortar variants are characterized by variations in the resulting waveform of the event. The waveform holds various harmonic properties distinct to a given mortar/artillery variant that through advanced signal processing techniques can employed to classify a given set. The DWT and other readily available signal processing techniques will be used to extract the predominant components of these characteristics from the acoustic signatures at ranges exceeding 2km. Exploiting these techniques will help develop a feature set highly independent of range, providing discrimination based on acoustic elements of the blast wave. Highly reliable discrimination will be achieved with a feed-forward neural network classifier trained on a feature space derived from the distribution of wavelet coefficients, frequency spectrum, and higher frequency details found within different levels of the multiresolution decomposition. The process that will be described herein extends current technologies, which emphasis multi modal sensor fusion suites to provide such situational awareness. A two fold problem of energy consumption and line of sight arise with the multi modal sensor suites. The process described within will exploit the acoustic properties of the event to provide variant classification as added situational awareness to the solider. C1 [Hohil, Myron E.; Grasing, David; Desai, Sachi; Morcos, Amir] USA, RDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Hohil, ME (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6894-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6736 BP J7360 EP J7360 DI 10.1117/12.738185 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHJ86 UT WOS:000253667400015 ER PT S AU Morcos, A Desai, S Peltzer, B Hohil, ME AF Morcos, Amir Desai, Sachi Peltzer, Brian Hohil, Myron E. BE Carapezza, EM TI Time difference of arrival to blast localization of potential chemical/biological event on the move - art. no. 67360K SO UNMANNED/UNATTENDED SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks IV CY SEP 18-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE Europe AB Integrating a sensor suite with ability to discriminate potential Chemical/Biological (CB) events from high-explosive (HE) events employing a standalone acoustic sensor with a Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) algorithm we developed a cueing mechanism for more power intensive and range limited sensing techniques. Enabling the event detection algorithm to locate to a blast event using TDOA we then provide further information of the event as either Launch/Impact and if CB/HE. The added information is provided to a range limited chemical sensing system that exploits spectroscopy to determine the contents of the chemical event. The main innovation within this sensor suite is the system will provide this information on the move while the chemical sensor will have adequate time to determine the contents of the event from a safe stand-off distance. The CB/HE discrimination algorithm exploits acoustic sensors to provide early detection and identification of CB attacks. Distinct characteristics arise within the different airburst signatures because HE warheads emphasize concussive and shrapnel effects, while CB warheads are designed to disperse their contents over large areas, therefore employing a slower burning, less intense-explosive to mix and spread their contents. Differences characterized by variations in the corresponding peak pressure and rise time of the blast, differences in the ratio of positive pressure amplitude to the negative amplitude, and variations in the overall duration of the resulting waveform. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to extract the predominant components of these characteristics from air burst signatures at ranges exceeding 3km. Highly reliable discrimination is achieved with a feed-forward neural network classifier trained on a feature space derived from the distribution of wavelet coefficients and higher frequency details found within different levels of the multiresolution decomposition. The development of an adaptive noise floor to provide early event detection assists in minimizing the false alarm rate and increasing the confidence whether the event is blast event or back ground noise. The integration of these algorithms with the TDOA algorithm provides a complex suite of algorithms that can give early warning detection and highly reliable look direction from a great stand-off distance for a moving vehicle to determine if a candidate blast event is CB and if CB what is the composition of the resulting cloud. C1 [Morcos, Amir; Desai, Sachi; Peltzer, Brian; Hohil, Myron E.] USA, REDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Morcos, A (reprint author), USA, REDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6894-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6736 BP K7360 EP K7360 DI 10.1117/12.738189 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHJ86 UT WOS:000253667400016 ER PT J AU Schenkman, NS Henderson, CG AF Schenkman, Noah S. Henderson, C. Gerry BE Stoller, ML Meng, MV TI Hormonal Influences on Nephrolithiasis SO URINARY STONE DISEASE: THE PRACTICAL GUIDE TO MEDICAL AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT SE Current Clinical Urology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Nephrolithiasis; hormone; parathyroid; vitamin D ID CALCIUM-OXALATE NEPHROLITHIASIS; RENAL STONE FORMERS; PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; KIDNEY-STONES; SEX-HORMONES; IMMUNORADIOMETRIC ASSAY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; URINARY-EXCRETION; PREGNANCY C1 [Schenkman, Noah S.; Henderson, C. Gerry] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Schenkman, Noah S.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Endourol & Urol Stone Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Schenkman, NS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-59259-972-1 J9 CURR CLIN UROL PY 2007 BP 221 EP 236 D2 10.1007/978-1-59259-972-1 PG 16 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA BNP00 UT WOS:000275165200012 ER PT J AU Edwards, GC AF Edwards, George C., III BE Price, TL Wren, JT TI Changing Their Minds? The Limits of Presidential Persuasion SO VALUES OF PRESIDENTIAL LEADERSHIP SE Jepson Studies in Leadership LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TELEVISION; SPEECHMAKING; IMPACT C1 [Edwards, George C., III] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Edwards, George C., III] Univ London, London WC1E 7HU, England. [Edwards, George C., III] Peking Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Edwards, George C., III] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. [Edwards, George C., III] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. RP Edwards, GC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-23060-933-4 J9 JEPSON STUD LEADERSH PY 2007 BP 85 EP 116 D2 10.1057/9780230609334 PG 32 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BRC64 UT WOS:000282364000005 ER PT J AU Sebastian, MM Baskin, SI Czerwinski, SE AF Sebastian, Manu M. Baskin, Steven I. Czerwinski, Steven E. BE Gupta, RC TI Renal toxicity SO VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY: BASIC AND CLINICAL PRINCIPLES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLINICAL FINDINGS; BROILER CHICKS; OCHRATOXIN-A; BEAGLE DOGS; TOXICOSIS; HORSES; INGESTION; PATHOLOGY; CATTLE; CALVES C1 [Sebastian, Manu M.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Tifton, GA USA. [Baskin, Steven I.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Czerwinski, Steven E.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Sebastian, MM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Tifton, GA USA. NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-048160-9 PY 2007 BP 161 EP 176 DI 10.1016/B978-012370467-2/50108-5 D2 10.5005/jp/books/10078 PG 16 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA BCU08 UT WOS:000311390700013 ER PT J AU Baskin, SI Czerwinski, SE Anderson, JB Sebastian, MM AF Baskin, Steven I. Czerwinski, Steven E. Anderson, Jaime B. Sebastian, Manu M. BE Gupta, RC TI Cardiovascular toxicity SO VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY: BASIC AND CLINICAL PRINCIPLES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RATS; QUINIDINE; RABBITS; MICE C1 [Baskin, Steven I.; Anderson, Jaime B.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Czerwinski, Steven E.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Sebastian, Manu M.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Tifton, GA USA. RP Baskin, SI (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-048160-9 PY 2007 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.1016/B978-012370467-2/50110-3 D2 10.5005/jp/books/10078 PG 13 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA BCU08 UT WOS:000311390700015 ER PT S AU Truong, N Agassounon, W AF Truong, Nancy Agassounon, William BE Rahman, ZU Reichenbach, SE Neifeld, MA TI Visual signal processing using fly eye-based algorithm to detect the road edge - art. no. 657503 SO Visual Information Processing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Information Processing XVI CY APR 10, 2007 CL Orlando, FIJI SP SPIE DE rollover; road edge detection; biomimetic; image-processing algorithm; long-wavelength infrared (LWIR); Army; insect vision applications AB Rollover incidents of military vehicles have resulted in soldiers incurring injuries or losing their lives. A recent report identified that one cause of vehicle rollovers is the driver's inability to assess rollover threat, such as a cliff, soft ground, water, or culvert on the passenger side of the vehicle. The vehicle's width hinders the driver's field of view. To reduce the number of military vehicles rolling over, a road edge detection and driver warning system is being developed to warn the driver of potential rollover threats and keep the driver from veering off the side of the road. This system utilizes a unique, ultra-fast, image-processing algorithm based on the neurobiology of insect vision, specifically fly vision. The system consists of a Long-Wavelength Infrared (LWIR) camera and visible spectrum monochrome video camera system, a long-range laser scanner, a processing module in which a biomimetic image processor detects road edges in real-time, and a Driver's Vision Enhancer (DVE) which displays the road image, detected boundaries and road-side terrain steepness in real-time for the driver. C1 USA, RDECOM TARDEC, AMSRD TAR R, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Truong, N (reprint author), USA, RDECOM TARDEC, AMSRD TAR R, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6697-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6575 BP 57503 EP 57503 AR 657503 DI 10.1117/12.718635 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK83 UT WOS:000248072300002 ER PT S AU Wilson, I AF Wilson, Isaiah BE Mahnken, TG Keaney, TA TI America's anabasis SO WAR IN IRAQ: PLANNING AND EXECUTION SE Strategy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wilson, Isaiah] US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Wilson, Isaiah] USA, SAMS, Washington, DC USA. RP Wilson, I (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1473-6403 BN 978-0-203-08895-1 J9 STRATEG HIST PY 2007 BP 9 EP 21 D2 10.4324/9780203088951 PG 13 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMM01 UT WOS:000272770800002 ER PT S AU Woods, KM Pease, MR Stout, ME Murray, W Lacey, JG AF Woods, Kevin M. Pease, Michael R. Stout, Mark E. Murray, Williamson Lacey, James G. BE Mahnken, TG Keaney, TA TI Iraqi military effectiveness SO WAR IN IRAQ: PLANNING AND EXECUTION SE Strategy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Woods, Kevin M.; Lacey, James G.] USA, Washington, DC USA. [Murray, Williamson] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Murray, Williamson] Air War Coll, Montgomery, AL USA. [Murray, Williamson] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. [Murray, Williamson] Naval War Coll, Newport, RI USA. OI Woods, Kevin/0000-0002-0198-6129 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1473-6403 BN 978-0-203-08895-1 J9 STRATEG HIST PY 2007 BP 22 EP 51 D2 10.4324/9780203088951 PG 30 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMM01 UT WOS:000272770800003 ER PT S AU Woods, KM Pease, MR Stout, ME Murray, W Lacey, JG AF Woods, Kevin M. Pease, Michael R. Stout, Mark E. Murray, Williamson Lacey, James G. BE Mahnken, TG Keaney, TA TI Doomed execution SO WAR IN IRAQ: PLANNING AND EXECUTION SE Strategy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Woods, Kevin M.; Lacey, James G.] USA, Washington, DC USA. [Murray, Williamson] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Murray, Williamson] Air War Coll, Montgomery, AL USA. [Murray, Williamson] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. [Murray, Williamson] Naval War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1473-6403 BN 978-0-203-08895-1 J9 STRATEG HIST PY 2007 BP 97 EP 128 D2 10.4324/9780203088951 PG 32 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMM01 UT WOS:000272770800006 ER PT S AU Sepp, KI AF Sepp, Kalev I. BE Mahnken, TG Keaney, TA TI The US Army and counterinsurgency in Iraq SO WAR IN IRAQ: PLANNING AND EXECUTION SE Strategy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sepp, Kalev I.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA USA. [Sepp, Kalev I.] USA, Washington, DC USA. [Sepp, Kalev I.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. [Sepp, Kalev I.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sepp, KI (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1473-6403 BN 978-0-203-08895-1 J9 STRATEG HIST PY 2007 BP 206 EP 226 D2 10.4324/9780203088951 PG 21 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMM01 UT WOS:000272770800012 ER PT S AU Wilson, I AF Wilson, Isaiah BE Mahnken, TG Keaney, TA TI Rediscovering the way of Lawrence SO WAR IN IRAQ: PLANNING AND EXECUTION SE Strategy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wilson, Isaiah] US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Wilson, Isaiah] USA, SAMS, Washington, DC USA. RP Wilson, I (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1473-6403 BN 978-0-203-08895-1 J9 STRATEG HIST PY 2007 BP 227 EP 245 D2 10.4324/9780203088951 PG 19 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMM01 UT WOS:000272770800013 ER PT S AU West, PD Trainor, T AF West, Paul D. Trainor, Timothy BE Zaidi, MK TI Risk-based decision support of water resource management alternatives SO WASTEWATER REUSED - RISK ASSESSMENT, DECISION-MAKING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Wastewater Reuse - Risk Assessment, Decision-Making and Environmental Security CY OCT 12-16, 2006 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP NATO Program Secur Sci, Public Diplomacy Div, Soc Risk Anal DE risk; taxonomy; decision Support; management; utility AB Enhancing public welfare through the deliberate management of water resources is vital for every society. Pollution, overuse, and consumption challenge a society's ability to develop and sustain water supplies for municipal, agricultural, industrial, and recreational use while protecting fisheries and wetlands. Water resource management decisions are complex and involve risk. This paper identifies a risk taxonomy to help managers identify where those risks are and their severity. It is presented in the context of the Susquehanna River Basin that spans three states in the United States, with management interests at the state, regional, and national levels. C1 [West, Paul D.; Trainor, Timothy] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP West, PD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Paul.West@usma.edu FU NATO ARW FX Partial financial support was provided by the NATO ARW to present this paper at the Istanbul meeting. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-6025-0 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 145 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6027-4_15 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BGJ15 UT WOS:000247389900015 ER PT B AU Harmon, RS Lyons, WB AF Harmon, R. S. Lyons, W. B. BE Bullen, TD Wang, Y TI Geohydrology and hydrochemistry of four tropical watersheds in Central Panama SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2007 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Int Assoc GeoChem, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Geol Survey, US Geol Survey, Penn State Univ, Nanjing Univ, Hohai Univ, Changan Univ, E China Inst Technol, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, China Geol Survey, Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Ctr, China Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, MOE Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Yunnan Bureau Geol, Mineral Resources Explorat & Dev, K C Wong Educ Fdn AB The surface water chemistry of the Upper Rio Chagres basin of Central Panama, sampled toward the end of the 2004-05 dry season, has been compared with three smaller adjacent watersheds (Rio Pequini, Rio Cuango, and Rio Pacora) that have similar pristine source regions in steep mountainous tropical rain forest, but are affected by different downstream land-use practices. There is a geospatial trend in Cl for the rivers of the region that mirrors the NE-SW precipitation gradient across the region. Dissolved solute contents are low (TDS = 480 +/- 18), suggesting a short residence time in the weathering zone for infiltrating precipitation. Mg/Na ratios vary from 0.29 to 1.13 and Ca/Na ratios vary from 0.28 to 1.22, similar to rivers draining basaltic terranes worldwide. Ca/Mg ratios are low (0.7-2.5) but distinct for each basin. Estimated total cations (TZ(+)) yields are very large, suggesting significant weathering rates in the headwater reaches of these watersheds. The values fall within the mid-range of what has been observed globally for other streams/rivers draining mafic rocks. C1 [Harmon, R. S.] USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Harmon, RS (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45136-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 419 EP 422 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BHC81 UT WOS:000252215500087 ER PT B AU Sulewski, CA Kobylski, G AF Sulewski, Charles A. Kobylski, Gerald BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Zinn, CD Tominaga, D Hashimoto, S Huang, SH Truta, M TI A Crystal Box process used to validate dynamic decision networks: How agent-based simulations help dynamic decision networks SO WMSCI 2007: 11TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL IV, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics/13th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis CY JUL 08-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE dynamic decision networks; agent-based simulation (ABS); Crystal Box; data farming; design of experiments AB The Crystal Box Process provides a forum to collaborate ideas while examining the validity of models of interest. In this paper the model of interest is a Dynamic Decision Network (DDN). DDNs are new decision tools that can help decision makers make optimal and timely decisions given information overload. DDNs have been proven to be a good approximation to Dynamic Programming, the gold standard in decision making optimization, but only for simple decisions. Exploration with agent-based simulation (ABS) can scope and validate the DDNs approximation for complex decision problems. This paper explains the Crystal Box Process, and how it is implemented through the use of ABS to examine some DDN models developed for military decision makers. C1 [Sulewski, Charles A.] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-934272-18-3 PY 2007 BP 333 EP 337 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Management; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BHN85 UT WOS:000254644200066 ER PT S AU Taylor, S Matrajt, G Lever, JH Joswiak, DJ Brownlee, DE AF Taylor, S. Matrajt, G. Lever, J. H. Joswiak, D. J. Brownlee, D. E. GP ESA TI Size distribution of antarctic micrometeorites SO Workshop on Dust in Planetary Systems SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Dust in Planetary Systems CY SEP 26-30, 2005 CL Kauai, HI SP NASA, ESA, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Univ Hawaii Manoa ID ACCRETION RATE; DUST; ICE AB Micrometeorites collected from the South Pole water well in 1995 and 2000 have terrestrial depositional ages of 1100-1500 AD and 800-1100 AD respectively. We measured a size distribution for micrometeorites collected in 2000. Compared to the size distribution measured in 1995 the tail slopes of the size distributions are the same. However the 2000 collection has twice as many micrometcorites and proportionally more large micrometeorites. We also tabulate the unmelted-to-melted ratio for micrometeorites in five size ranges and compare the results with previous collections. The unmelted-to-melted ratios obtained for this collection are similar to those from Greenland and an Antarctic collection of present-day micrometeorites. Collections from older Antarctic ice show larger and more variable ratios. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Taylor, S (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 978-92-9092-207-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2007 VL 643 BP 145 EP 148 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGB26 UT WOS:000245892600025 ER PT J AU Schneider, S Drake, G Hall, L Hawkins, T Rosander, M AF Schneider, Stefan Drake, Gregory Hall, Leslie Hawkins, Tommy Rosander, Michael TI Alkene- and alkyne-substituted methylimidazolium bromides: Structural effects and physical properties SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE ionic liquids; methylimidazolium; bromides; DSC; crystal structure ID TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS; CATALYTIC REACTIONS; SOLVENTS; EXTRACTION; HALIDES; CELLULOSE; SALTS AB Several bromide salts composed of methylimidazolium cations possessing unsaturated sidechains (allyl-, 3-butenyl-, propargyl-, 2-butynyl-, and 2-pentynyl-) have been synthesized and characterized by multinuclear NMR, vibrational spectroscopy, DSC, and elemental analysis. Crystal structures of 1-t2-butynyl)-3methylimidazolium bromide, 1-propargyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide and 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, were determined. C1 Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Space & Missile Command Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile RD&E Ctr, Prop & Struct Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Schneider, S (reprint author), Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Space & Missile Command Prop Div, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM stefan.schneider@edwards.af.mil; regory.w.drake@us.army.af.mil NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PY 2007 VL 633 IS 10 BP 1701 EP 1707 DI 10.1002/zaac.200700234 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 201SH UT WOS:000248852400029 ER PT J AU Agrawal, PM Rice, BM Zheng, LQ Thompson, DL AF Agrawal, Paras M. Rice, Betsy M. Zheng, Lianqing Thompson, Donald L. TI Molecular dynamics simulations of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-s-triazine (RDX) using a combined Sorescu-Rice-Thompson AMBER force field SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; CRYSTALS; HMX AB We present the results of molecular dynamics simulations of crystalline hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-s-triazine (RDX) using the SRT-AMBER force field (P. M. Agrawal et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 5721), which combines the rigid-molecule force field developed by Sorescu-Rice-Thompson (D. C. Sorescu, B. M. Rice, and D. L. Thompson, J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 798) with the intramolecular interactions obtained from the Generalized AMBER Force Field (Wang et al., J. Comput. Chem. 2004, 25, 1157). The calculated crystal density at room conditions is about 10% lower than the measured value, while the lattice parameters and thermodynamic melting point are within about 5% at ambient pressure. The chair and inverted chair conformation, bond lengths, and bond angles of the RDX molecule are accurately predicted; however, there are some inaccuracies in the calculated orientations of the NO2 groups. The SRT-AMBER force field predicts overall reasonable results, but modifications, probably in the torsional parameters, are needed for a more accurate force field. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BD, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BD, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Zheng, Lianqing/B-4171-2008 NR 28 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 51 BP 26185 EP 26188 AR PII S1520-6106(06)05241-2 DI 10.1021/jp065241t PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 118WN UT WOS:000242974300092 PM 17181274 ER PT J AU Ozgur, U Ni, X Fu, Y Morkoc, H Everitt, HO AF Ozgur, U. Ni, X. Fu, Y. Morkoc, H. Everitt, H. O. TI Near-field scanning optical microscopy and time-resolved optical characterization of epitaxial lateral overgrown c-plane and a-plane GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES AB Epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) was employed for both c-plane and a-plane GaN layers on sapphire, and a more pronounced optical improvement was observed for the a-plane GaN as evidenced by the significantly increased band edge photoluminescence (PL). Room temperature near-field scanning optical microscopy studies explicitly showed enhanced optical quality in the wing regions of the overgrown GaN due to reduced density of dislocations, and for the a-plane ELO GaN sample the wings and the windows were clearly discernible from PL mapping. Time-resolved PL measurements revealed biexponential decays with time constants that were significantly enhanced for the a-plane ELO GaN (tau(1)=0.08 ns, tau(2)=0.25 ns) when compared to the non-ELO control sample but were still much shorter than those for the c-plane ELO GaN (tau(1)=0.26 ns, tau(2)=0.90 ns). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Res, Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Ozgur, U (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM uozgur@vcu.edu RI Ni, Xianfeng/A-9429-2008; Ni, Xianfeng/A-1635-2011; Everitt, Henry/L-7118-2013 OI Everitt, Henry/0000-0002-8141-3768 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 25 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 26 AR 262117 DI 10.1063/1.2424677 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121KX UT WOS:000243157600058 ER PT J AU Munger, KL Levin, LI Hollis, BW Howard, NS Ascherio, A AF Munger, Kassandra L. Levin, Lynn I. Hollis, Bruce W. Howard, Noel S. Ascherio, Alberto TI Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; D DEFICIENCY; PREVENTION; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; PREVALENCE; SUNLIGHT; HEALTH; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Context Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that high levels of vitamin D, a potent immunomodulator, may decrease the risk of multiple sclerosis. There are no prospective studies addressing this hypothesis. Objective To examine whether levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with risk of multiple sclerosis. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective, nested case-control study among more than 7 million US military personnel who have serum samples stored in the Department of Defense Serum Repository. Multiple sclerosis cases were identified through Army and Navy physical disability databases for 1992 through 2004, and diagnoses were confirmed by medical record review. Each case (n= 257) was matched to 2 controls by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and dates of blood collection. Vitamin D status was estimated by averaging 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of 2 or more serum samples collected before the date of initial multiple sclerosis symptoms. Main Outcome Measures Odds ratios of multiple sclerosis associated with continuous or categorical levels (quantiles or a priori - defined categories) of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D within each racial/ethnic group. Results Among whites ( 148 cases, 296 controls), the risk of multiple sclerosis significantly decreased with increasing levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( odds ratio [ OR] for a 50-nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.97). In categorical analyses using the lowest quintile ( < 63.3 nmol/L) as the reference, the ORs for each subsequent quintile were 0.57, 0.57, 0.74, and 0.38 (P=. 02 for trend across quintiles). Only the OR for the highest quintile, corresponding to 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels higher than 99.1 nmol/L, was significantly different from 1.00 ( OR, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.75; P=. 006). The inverse relation with multiple sclerosis risk was particularly strong for 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels measured before age 20 years. Among blacks and Hispanics ( 109 cases, 218 controls), who had lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels than whites, no significant associations between vitamin D and multiple sclerosis risk were found. Conclusion The results of our study suggest that high circulating levels of vitamin D are associated with a lower risk of multiple sclerosis. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Mol Biol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Dept Navy, Navy Council Review Boards, Washington, DC USA. RP Ascherio, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 655 Huntington Ave,3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM aascheri@hsph.harvard.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS042194, NS46635] NR 47 TC 847 Z9 870 U1 8 U2 61 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 23 BP 2832 EP 2838 DI 10.1001/jama.296.23.2832 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 116TR UT WOS:000242826400025 PM 17179460 ER PT J AU Pappas, D Bujanda, A Demaree, JD Hirvonen, JK Kosik, W Jensen, R McKnight, S AF Pappas, Daphne Bujanda, Andres Demaree, J. Derek Hirvonen, James K. Kosik, Wendy Jensen, Robert McKnight, Steven TI Surface modification of polyamide fibers and films using atmospheric plasmas SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY MAY 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE atmospheric plasma; nylon; XPS; contact angle ID DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE; PERFLUORINATED POLYMERS; FABRICS; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); FUNCTIONALIZATION; WETTABILITY; PRESSURE AB In this work, polyamide (Nylon 6) fibers and films were treated under atmospheric pressure glow discharges (APGD) and the effects on the morphology and chemistry of the material were studied. The fibers were plasma treated with N-2, C2H2 in He for (0.6-9.6) s at a frequency of 90 kHz, leading to the functionalization of the surface through the addition of new reactive chemical groups such as -COOH and -OH and changing the energy, chemical composition and wettability of the surface. Surface characteristics were examined via contact angle measurements, XPS, and SEM. Wettability tests revealed the improvement of the hydrophilic character of the surface as the water contact angle measured after the plasma treatments significantly decreased. The corresponding changes of the total surface energy were evaluated with a dynamic contact angle analysis system revealing a significant increase due to the exposure that can be mainly attributed to the increase of its polar component. Preliminary XPS results show a significant increase in oxygen content with the addition of carboxylic and hydroxylic groups and a decrease in the carbon content of the surface. Most importantly, the plasma modified nylon fibers and films exhibit a stable wetting behavior, even for weeks after being treated, suggesting that it is a promising technique to minimize aging phenomena. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Pappas, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM daphne.pappas@arl.army.mil OI Pappas, Daphne/0000-0002-5746-8873 NR 19 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 201 IS 7 BP 4384 EP 4388 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.068 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 121HW UT WOS:000243149700104 ER PT J AU Patnaik, A Wood, D Tolcher, AW Hamilton, M Kreisberg, JI Hammond, LA Schwartz, G Beeram, M Hidalgo, M Mita, MM Wolf, J Nadler, P Rowinsky, EK AF Patnaik, Amita Wood, Debra Tolcher, Anthony W. Hamilton, Marta Kreisberg, Jeffrey I. Hammond, Lisa A. Schwartz, Garry Beeram, Muralidhar Hidalgo, Manuel Mita, Monica M. Wolf, Julie Nadler, Paul Rowinsky, Eric K. TI Phase 1, pharmacokinetic, and biological study of erlotinib in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; CELL LUNG-CANCER; METASTATIC BREAST-CANCER; ERBB SIGNALING NETWORK; CLINICAL-RESPONSE; TYROSINE KINASE; GEFITINIB; MUTATIONS; MALIGNANCIES; INHIBITOR AB Purpose: To assess the feasibility of administering erlotinib, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin, and to identify pharmacokinetic interactions, evaluate downstream effects of EGFR inhibition on surrogate tissues, and seek preliminary evidence for clinical activity. Experimental Design: Patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated continuously with erlotinib at doses of 100, 125, and 150 mg/d orally along with fixed i.v. doses of paclitaxel mg/m(2) 225 and carboplatin AUC 6 mg-min/mL, both on day 1 every 3 weeks. Results: Twenty evaluable patients were treated with 136 courses of erlotinib, paclitaxel, and carboplatin. Myelosuppression, skin rash, and diarrhea were the principal toxicities. Dose limiting diarrhea occurred in 1 of 6 patients at the 100 mg erlotinib dose level, whereas 0 of 9 evaluable patients at the 125 mg erlotinib dose level experienced dose limiting toxicity and 3 of 5 evaluable patients at 150 mg erlotinib experienced dose limiting skin rash and neutropenic sepsis. There was no evidence of pharmacokinetic interactions between paclitaxel and erlotinib; however, total carboplatin exposure trended higher in the presence of erlotinib. No consistent downstream effects on EGFR inhibition were found in skin. Durable objective responses were observed in non-small-cell lung and head and neck cancers. Conclusions: A dose level of erlotinib 125 mg combined with paclitaxel 225 mg/m(2) and carboplatin AUC 6 mg-min/mL is recommended for disease-directed studies. This phase I trial was followed by a randomized phase III study in non - small-cell lung cancer using a similar regimen. C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. OSI Pharmaceut Inc, Uniondale, NY USA. RP Patnaik, A (reprint author), Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, Inst Drug Dev, 7979 Wurzbach,Suite Z400, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM apatnaik@idd.org RI HIDALGO, MANUEL/I-4995-2015 OI HIDALGO, MANUEL/0000-0002-3765-3318 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR01346] NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 12 IS 24 BP 7406 EP 7413 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1886 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 121NT UT WOS:000243165000028 PM 17189413 ER PT J AU Taillandier, AS Domine, F Simpson, WR Sturm, M Douglas, TA Severin, K AF Taillandier, A. -S. Domine, F. Simpson, W. R. Sturm, M. Douglas, T. A. Severin, K. TI Evolution of the snow area index of the subarctic snowpack in central Alaska over a whole season. Consequences for the air to snow transfer of pollutants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ALERT 2000 CAMPAIGN; SURFACE-AREA; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GRAIN-GROWTH; ICE CORES; 77 K; ADSORPTION AB The detailed physical characteristics of the subarctic snowpack must be known to quantify the exchange of adsorbed pollutants between the atmosphere and the snow cover. For the first time, the combined evolutions of specific surface area (SSA), snow stratigraphy, temperature, and density were monitored throughout winter in central Alaska. We define the snow area index (SAI) as the vertically integrated surface area of snow crystals, and this variable is used to quantify pollutants' adsorption. Intense metamorphism generated by strong temperature gradients formed a thick depth hoar layer with low SSA (90 cm(2) g(-1)) and density (200 kg m(-3)), resulting in a low SAI. After snowpack buildup in autumn, the winter SAI remained around 1000 m(2)/m(2) of ground, much lower than the SAI of the Arctic snowpack, 2500 m(2) m(-2). With the example of PCBs 28 and 180, we calculate that the subarctic snowpack is a smaller reservoir of adsorbed pollutants than the Arctic snowpack and less efficiently transfers adsorbed pollutants from the atmosphere to ecosystems. The difference is greater for the more volatile PCB 28. With climate change, snowpack structure will be modified, and the snowpack's ability to transfer adsorbed pollutants from the atmosphere to ecosystems may be reduced, especially for the more volatile pollutants. C1 CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Dept Chem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Domine, F (reprint author), CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, BP 96, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. EM florent@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr RI Domine, Florent/E-8699-2011; Simpson, William/I-2859-2014 OI Simpson, William/0000-0002-8596-7290 NR 41 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 24 BP 7521 EP 7527 DI 10.1021/es060842j PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116HP UT WOS:000242793400015 PM 17256489 ER PT J AU Benton, BJ McGuire, JM Sommerville, DR Dabisch, PA Jakubowski, EM Matson, KL Mioduszewski, RJ Thomson, SA Crouse, CL AF Benton, B. J. McGuire, J. M. Sommerville, D. R. Dabisch, P. A. Jakubowski, E. M., Jr. Matson, K. L. Mioduszewski, R. J. Thomson, S. A. Crouse, C. L. TI Effects of whole-body VX vapor exposure on lethality in rats SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARIN; DURATION; TOXICITY; AGENTS; GB AB Male and female rats were whole-body exposed to VX vapor in a 1000-L single-pass exposure chamber. Estimated exposure dosages producing lethal (LCT50) effects in 50% of exposed male and female rats were established for 10, 60, and 240 min exposure durations. A potency comparison with GB and GF shows that VX becomes increasingly more potent than these G agents with increasing exposure duration. VX is approximately 4 - 30 times more potent than GB and 5 - 15 times more potent than GF. Gender differences in the estimated median dosages were not significant at the 10, 60, and 240 min exposure durations. An empirical toxic load model was developed and the toxic load exponent for lethality (n) in the equation C-n x T = k was determined to be n = 0.92. The VX - G regeneration assay was successfully used as a biomarker for the presence of VX in the blood plasma and RBC fractions of the blood 24 h postexposure. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT TT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Abingdon, MD USA. RP Benton, BJ (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT TT, E5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Bernard.benton@us.army.mil NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 14 BP 1091 EP 1099 DI 10.1080/08958370600945598 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 093UP UT WOS:000241196100005 PM 17050346 ER PT J AU Muse, WT Thomson, S Crouse, C Matson, K AF Muse, William T. Thomson, Sandra Crouse, Charles Matson, Kathy TI Generation, sampling, and analysis for low-level GB (sarin) and GF (cyclosarin) vapor for inhalation toxicology studies SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This study tested and optimized various methodologies to generate, sample, and characterize GB and GF test atmospheres in an inhalation chamber, particularly at low vapor levels. A syringe drive/ spray atomization system produced vapor concentrations at a range of 1 - 50 mg/m(3). A saturator cell was used to generate vapor at sub-lethal concentrations ranging from 1 mg/m(3) down to low levels approaching the threshold limit value time-weighted average (TLV-TWA) of 0.0001 mg/m(3) for GB. Both generation techniques demonstrated the ability to produce stable vapor concentrations over extended exposure periods. This capability was important to determine sublethal nerve agent effects, such as miosis, for inhalation toxicology studies. In addition, the techniques employed for producing and maintaining low-level agent vapor would lay the foundation for testing less volatile chemical warfare agents such as VX. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT TT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geocenters Inc, Abingdon, MD USA. RP Muse, WT (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT TT, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM william.muse@us.army.mil NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 14 BP 1101 EP 1108 DI 10.1080/08958370600945713 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 093UP UT WOS:000241196100006 PM 17050347 ER PT J AU Toro, JR Travis, LB Wu, HJ Zhu, K Fletcher, CDM Devesa, SS AF Toro, Jorge R. Travis, Lois B. Wu, Hongyu Julian Zhu, Kangmin Fletcher, Christopher D. M. Devesa, Susan S. TI Incidence patterns of soft tissue sarcomas, regardless of primary site, in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program, 1978-2001: an analysis of 26,758 cases SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE soft tissue sarcomas; SEER; incidence; leiomyosarcoma; WHO; dermatofibrosarcoma; liposarcoma; rhabdomyosarcoma; angiosarcoma; malignant fibrous histiocytoma ID UNITED-STATES; PLEOMORPHIC RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; CHILDHOOD RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; UTERINE LEIOMYOMAS; HYSTERECTOMY; TRENDS; CANCER; TUMORS; LIPOSARCOMAS; ASSOCIATION AB Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of uncommon tumors that show a broad range of differentiation that may reflect etiologic distinction. Routine tabulations of STS are not morphology-specific. Further, the lack of inclusion of sarcomas arising in all organs in most standard evaluations underestimates the true rates. We analyzed the 1978-2001 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program incidence rates of STS regardless of primary site, except bones and joints, using the 2002 criteria of the WHO classification. There were 26,758 cases available for analysis. Leiomyosarcomas accounted for 23.9%, malignant fibrous histiocytomas 17.1%, liposarcomas 11.5%, dermatofibrosarcomas 10.5%, rhabdomyosarcomas 4.6% and angiosarcomas 4.1%. Almost half (47.9%) of the sarcomas arose in the soft tissues, 14.0% in the skin and 7.0% in the uterus. Overall, incidence rates were highest among black women (6.26/100,000 woman years) and the lowest among white women (4.60/100,000). Age-adjusted rates increased at 1.2% and 0.8% per year among white males and females, respectively, both trends statistically significant, while rates among blacks declined slightly. About 40% of leiomyosarcomas among women were uterine in origin, with a black/white rate ratio of 1.7. This rate ratio increased to 2.0 when we accounted for the lower prevalence of intact uteri among black compared to white women. Total STS rates rose exponentially with age. Rates for both uterine leiomyosarcoma and dermatofibrosarcoma increased rapidly during the childbearing years, peaking at about age 40 and 50, respectively. Incidence patterns of STS varied markedly by histologic type, supporting the notion that these tumors may be etiologically distinct. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Mil Canc Inst, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Toro, JR (reprint author), NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd,Execut Pl S,Room 7012, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM toroj@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 59 TC 154 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 12 BP 2922 EP 2930 DI 10.1002/ijc.22239 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 109KV UT WOS:000242307800026 PM 17013893 ER PT J AU Beck, JJ Staatz, AJ Pelsue, DH Kudnig, ST MacPhail, CM Seim, HB Monnet, E AF Beck, Jennifer J. Staatz, Andrew J. Pelsue, Davyd H. Kudnig, Simon T. MacPhail, Catriona M. Seim, Howard B., III Monnet, Eric TI Risk factors associated with short-term outcome and development of perioperative complications in dogs undergoing surgery because of gastric dilatation-volvulus: 166 cases (1992-2003) SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION; OPEN PERITONEAL DRAINAGE; SEPTIC PERITONITIS; THORACIC CONFORMATION; IRISH-SETTERS; CARE-UNIT; CATS; NECROSIS; DIAGNOSIS; GENETICS AB Objective-To evaluate risk factors associated with death and development of perioperative complications in dogs undergoing surgery for treatment of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-166 dogs. Procedures-Records of dogs with confirmed GDV that underwent surgery were reviewed. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with development of complications (ie, hypotension, arrhythmias, gastric necrosis necessitating gastrectomy, disseminated intravascular coagulation, peritonitis, sepsis, postoperative dilatation, postoperative vomiting, and incisional problems) and with short-term outcome (ie, died vs survived to the time of suture removal). Results-Short-term mortality rate was 16.2% (27/166). Risk factors significantly associated with death prior to suture removal were clinical signs for > 6 hours prior to examination, combined splenectomy and partial gastrectomy, hypotension at any time during hospitalization, peritonitis, sepsis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Partial gastrectomy was not a significant risk factor for death but was for peritonitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis, and arrhythmias. Age, gastrectomy, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were risk factors for development of hypotension. Use of a synthetic colloid or hypertonic saline solution was associated with a significantly decreased risk of hypotension. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Besults suggest that the prognosis for dogs undergoing surgery because of GDV is good but that certain factors are associated with an increased risk that dogs will develop perioperative complications or die. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Beck, JJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RI Monnet, Eric/A-5821-2010 OI Monnet, Eric/0000-0002-0058-2210 NR 40 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 12 BP 1934 EP 1939 DI 10.2460/javma.229.12.1934 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 116JE UT WOS:000242797700027 PM 17173533 ER PT J AU Chen, MW McCauley, JW AF Chen, Mingwei McCauley, James W. TI Mechanical scratching induced phase transitions and reactions of boron carbide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; AMORPHIZATION; NANOTUBES; FAILURE AB The structural and chemical stabilities of single-crystal boron carbide (B4C) under severe mechanical scratching in air and water were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Amorphous and nanocrystalline B4C as well as nanostructured boron nitride (BN) were observed in the scratched fragments. Energy-filtered TEM analysis and thermodynamic calculations suggested that the BN nanophase results from the reaction of very small B4C fragments with nitrogen in the ambience. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Int Frontier Ctr Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chen, MW (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Int Frontier Ctr Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM mwchen@imr.tohoku.ac.jp RI Chen, Mingwei/A-4855-2010 OI Chen, Mingwei/0000-0002-2850-8872 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 12 AR 123517 DI 10.1063/1.2405742 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121LA UT WOS:000243157900036 ER PT J AU Saikh, KU Kissner, TL Dyas, B Tropea, JE Waugh, DS Ulrich, RG AF Saikh, Kamal U. Kissner, Teri L. Dyas, Beverly Tropea, Joseph E. Waugh, David S. Ulrich, Robert G. TI Human cytolytic T cell recognition of Yersinia pestis virulence proteins that target innate immune responses SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID V-ANTIGEN; PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; SECRETION SYSTEM; DENDRITIC CELLS; OUTER PROTEINS; YOP EFFECTORS; III SECRETION; INFECTION; MICE; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS AB Cell contact by the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis initiates the injection of several virulence factors that target biochemical pathways critical for host clearance of bacteria. Despite this impairment of innate immunity, it is unclear whether antigen recognition by T cells is equally affected. We present evidence that human cytolytic T cells respond to Y. pestis virulence proteins presented by infected monocytes and dendritic cells. These T cell antigens consisted of a panel of proteins encoded by pCD1, a 70-kDa plasmid that harbors virulence factors and transport proteins of the cell contact-dependent, type III secretion system. Infected cells retained the ability to process and present tetanus toxoid to T cells, which indicates that responses to unrelated antigens were also maintained. Our results indicate that T cell immunity remains functional during Y. pestis infection, which thus suggests the potential benefits of therapeutic vaccination and strategies that emphasize the inclusion of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol, Div Toxicol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NCI, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Saikh, KU (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol, Div Toxicol, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM kamal.saikh@det.amedd.army.mil; ulrich@ncifcrf.gov NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 12 BP 1753 EP 1760 DI 10.1086/509507 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 114GZ UT WOS:000242656000019 PM 17109349 ER PT J AU Genovese, RF Benton, BJ Shippee, SJ Jakubowski, EM Bonnell, JC AF Genovese, Raymond F. Benton, Bernard J. Shippee, Sara J. Jakubowski, Edward M. Bonnell, Jessica C. TI Effects of low-level inhalation exposure to cyclosarin on learned behaviors in Sprague-Dawley rats SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY 2004 CL Orlando, FL ID RADIAL ARM MAZE; CYCLOHEXYLMETHYLPHOSPHONOFLUORIDATE CMPF; RHESUS-MONKEYS; SARIN; TOXICITY; CARBOXYLESTERASE; PHYSOSTIGMINE; SCOPOLAMINE; INJECTION; MEMORY AB Behavioral and biochemical effects of low-level whole-body inhalation exposure to the chemical warfare nerve agent cyclosarin (GF) were evaluated. Sprague-Dawley rats were first trained on a variable-interval, 56-s (VI56) schedule of food reinforcement. The VI56 schedule specifies that a single lever press, following an average interval of 56 s, produces food reinforcement (i.e., a single food pellet). Subjects were then exposed to GF vapor at concentrations of 1.6-5.2 mg/m(3), or air control, for 60 min. Following exposures, performance on the VI56 and acquisition and maintenance of a radial-arm maze ( RAM) spatial memory task were evaluated during 55 test sessions over approximately 11 wk. GF exposures produced miosis in all subjects and other mild clinical signs of toxicity at the highest concentration. Convulsions were not observed in any subjects. GF exposures produced concentration-dependent decreases in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity. Additionally, blood assays revealed concentration-dependent levels of regenerated GF, thus verifying systemic exposure. The largest concentration of GF disrupted performance on the VI56 task. The deficit, however, resolved by the third postexposure test session. All subjects acquired, and maintained, performance on the RAM task, and no significant differences were seen as a result of GF exposure. No delayed effects from exposures were observed. These results demonstrate that, in rats, inhalation exposure to GF at levels below those producing convulsions and other severe clinical signs of toxicity may produce performance deficits on learned behaviors, but the deficits appear to not be persistent. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Operat Toxicol Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Genovese, RF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Raymond.Genovese@na.amedd.army.mil NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 24 BP 2167 EP 2180 DI 10.1080/15287390600748153 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 110RT UT WOS:000242397100003 PM 17062507 ER PT J AU Brownlee, D Tsou, P Aleon, J Alexander, CMO Araki, T Bajt, S Baratta, GA Bastien, R Bland, P Bleuet, P Borg, J Bradley, JP Brearley, A Brenker, F Brennan, S Bridges, JC Browning, ND Brucato, JR Bullock, E Burchell, MJ Busemann, H Butterworth, A Chaussidon, M Cheuvront, A Chi, MF Cintala, MJ Clark, BC Clemett, SJ Cody, G Colangeli, L Cooper, G Cordier, P Daghlian, C Dai, ZR D'Hendecourt, L Djouadi, Z Dominguez, G Duxbury, T Dworkin, JP Ebel, DS Economou, TE Fakra, S Fairey, SAJ Fallon, S Ferrini, G Ferroir, T Fleckenstein, H Floss, C Flynn, G Franchi, IA Fries, M Gainsforth, Z Gallien, JP Genge, M Gilles, MK Gillet, P Gilmour, J Glavin, DP Gounelle, M Grady, MM Graham, GA Grant, PG Green, SF Grossemy, F Grossman, L Grossman, JN Guan, Y Hagiya, K Harvey, R Heck, P Herzog, GF Hoppe, P Horz, F Huth, J Hutcheon, ID Ignatyev, K Ishii, H Ito, M Jacob, D Jacobsen, C Jacobsen, S Jones, S Joswiak, D Jurewicz, A Kearsley, AT Keller, LP Khodja, H Kilcoyne, ALD Kissel, J Krot, A Langenhorst, F Lanzirotti, A Le, L Leshin, LA Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Liu, MC Luening, K Lyon, I MacPherson, G Marcus, MA Marhas, K Marty, B Matrajt, G McKeegan, K Meibom, A Mennella, V Messenger, K Messenger, S Mikouchi, T Mostefaoui, S Nakamura, T Nakano, T Newville, M Nittler, LR Ohnishi, I Ohsumi, K Okudaira, K Papanastassiou, DA Palma, R Palumbo, ME Pepin, RO Perkins, D Perronnet, M Pianetta, P Rao, W Rietmeijer, FJM Robert, F Rost, D Rotundi, A Ryan, R Sandford, SA Schwandt, CS See, TH Schlutter, D Sheffield-Parker, J Simionovici, A Simon, S Sitnitsky, I Snead, CJ Spencer, MK Stadermann, FJ Steele, A Stephan, T Stroud, R Susini, J Sutton, SR Suzuki, Y Taheri, M Taylor, S Teslich, N Tomeoka, K Tomioka, N Toppani, A Trigo-Rodriguez, JM Troadec, D Tsuchiyama, A Tuzzolino, AJ Tyliszczak, T Uesugi, K Velbel, M Vellenga, J Vicenzi, E Vincze, L Warren, J Weber, I Weisberg, M Westphal, AJ Wirick, S Wooden, D Wopenka, B Wozniakiewicz, P Wright, I Yabuta, H Yano, H Young, ED Zare, RN Zega, T Ziegler, K Zimmerman, L Zinner, E Zolensky, M AF Brownlee, Don Tsou, Peter Aleon, Jerome Alexander, Conel M. O'D. Araki, Tohru Bajt, Sasa Baratta, Giuseppe A. Bastien, Ron Bland, Phil Bleuet, Pierre Borg, Janet Bradley, John P. Brearley, Adrian Brenker, F. Brennan, Sean Bridges, John C. Browning, Nigel D. Brucato, John R. Bullock, E. Burchell, Mark J. Busemann, Henner Butterworth, Anna Chaussidon, Marc Cheuvront, Allan Chi, Miaofang Cintala, Mark J. Clark, B. C. Clemett, Simon J. Cody, George Colangeli, Luigi Cooper, George Cordier, Patrick Daghlian, C. Dai, Zurong D'Hendecourt, Louis Djouadi, Zahia Dominguez, Gerardo Duxbury, Tom Dworkin, Jason P. Ebel, Denton S. Economou, Thanasis E. Fakra, Sirine Fairey, Sam A. J. Fallon, Stewart Ferrini, Gianluca Ferroir, T. Fleckenstein, Holger Floss, Christine Flynn, George Franchi, Ian A. Fries, Marc Gainsforth, Z. Gallien, J. -P. Genge, Matt Gilles, Mary K. Gillet, Philipe Gilmour, Jamie Glavin, Daniel P. Gounelle, Matthieu Grady, Monica M. Graham, Giles A. Grant, P. G. Green, Simon F. Grossemy, Faustine Grossman, Lawrence Grossman, Jeffrey N. Guan, Yunbin Hagiya, Kenji Harvey, Ralph Heck, Philipp Herzog, Gregory F. Hoppe, Peter Hoerz, Friedrich Huth, Joachim Hutcheon, Ian D. Ignatyev, Konstantin Ishii, Hope Ito, Motoo Jacob, Damien Jacobsen, Chris Jacobsen, Stein Jones, Steven Joswiak, David Jurewicz, Amy Kearsley, Anton T. Keller, Lindsay P. Khodja, H. Kilcoyne, A. L. David Kissel, Jochen Krot, Alexander Langenhorst, Falko Lanzirotti, Antonio Le, Loan Leshin, Laurie A. Leitner, J. Lemelle, L. Leroux, Hugues Liu, Ming-Chang Luening, K. Lyon, Ian MacPherson, Glen Marcus, Matthew A. Marhas, Kuljeet Marty, Bernard Matrajt, Graciela McKeegan, Kevin Meibom, Anders Mennella, Vito Messenger, Keiko Messenger, Scott Mikouchi, Takashi Mostefaoui, Smail Nakamura, Tomoki Nakano, T. Newville, M. Nittler, Larry R. Ohnishi, Ichiro Ohsumi, Kazumasa Okudaira, Kyoko Papanastassiou, Dimitri A. Palma, Russ Palumbo, Maria E. Pepin, Robert O. Perkins, David Perronnet, Murielle Pianetta, P. Rao, William Rietmeijer, Frans J. M. Robert, Francois Rost, D. Rotundi, Alessandra Ryan, Robert Sandford, Scott A. Schwandt, Craig S. See, Thomas H. Schlutter, Dennis Sheffield-Parker, J. Simionovici, Alexandre Simon, Steven Sitnitsky, I. Snead, Christopher J. Spencer, Maegan K. Stadermann, Frank J. Steele, Andrew Stephan, Thomas Stroud, Rhonda Susini, Jean Sutton, S. R. Suzuki, Y. Taheri, Mitra Taylor, Susan Teslich, Nick Tomeoka, Kazu Tomioka, Naotaka Toppani, Alice Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M. Troadec, David Tsuchiyama, Akira Tuzzolino, Anthony J. Tyliszczak, Tolek Uesugi, K. Velbel, Michael Vellenga, Joe Vicenzi, E. Vincze, L. Warren, Jack Weber, Iris Weisberg, Mike Westphal, Andrew J. Wirick, Sue Wooden, Diane Wopenka, Brigitte Wozniakiewicz, Penelope Wright, Ian Yabuta, Hikaru Yano, Hajime Young, Edward D. Zare, Richard N. Zega, Thomas Ziegler, Karen Zimmerman, Laurent Zinner, Ernst Zolensky, Michael TI Comet 81P/Wild 2 under a microscope SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE SILICATES; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; SOLAR NEBULA; KUIPER BELT; P/WILD 2; GRAINS; MINERALOGY; NUCLEUS; ORIGIN AB The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains an abundance of silicate grains that are much larger than predictions of interstellar grain models, and many of these are high-temperature minerals that appear to have formed in the inner regions of the solar nebula. Their presence in a comet proves that the formation of the solar system included mixing on the grandest scales. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Osserv Astrofis Catania, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-95123 Catania, Italy. NASA, Engn Sci Contract Grp, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 2AZ, England. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Littleton, CO 80125 USA. NASA, ERC Inc, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. NASA, Exobiol Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NASA, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Kent, Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. Novaetech SRL, Naples, Italy. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Sci Terre, F-69007 Lyon, France. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63160 USA. SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. CEA Saclay, Lab Pierre Sue, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etud Mat Extraterr, USM 0205, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NASA, Robert M Walker Lab Space Sci, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Directorate, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Meteorite Studies, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. ESCG, Jacobs Sverdrup, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-4400 Munster, Germany. Univ Lille, Lille, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etud Mat Extraterr, F-75005 Paris, France. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Geol Survey Japan, Ibaraki, Japan. Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Minnesota State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. Univ Parthenope, Dipartimento Sci Applicate, Naples, Italy. NASA, Astrophys Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Engn Sci Contract Barrios Technol Astromat Res &, Houston, TX 77258 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. Japan Synchrotron Radiat Inst, Hyogo, Japan. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Inst Space Sci, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. IEEC, Barcelona 08034, Spain. Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Brownlee, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM brownlee@astro.washington.edu RI Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Tomioka, Naotaka/B-1888-2011; Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; Khodja, Hicham/A-1869-2016; Yabuta, Hikaru/M-9041-2014; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011; Liu, Ming-Chang/D-1885-2010; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012; Chaussidon, Marc/E-7067-2017; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013; Zare, Richard/A-8410-2009; Green, Simon/C-7408-2009; Appourchaux, Thierry/F-4692-2010; McKeegan, Kevin/A-4107-2008; Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Gilmour, Jamie/G-7515-2011; Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011; Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012; Cordier, Patrick/D-2357-2012; Taheri, Mitra/F-1321-2011; Jacobsen, Stein/B-1759-2013 OI Palumbo, MariaElisabetta/0000-0002-9122-491X; Busemann, Henner/0000-0002-0867-6908; Baratta, Giuseppe/0000-0002-3688-160X; Grady, Monica/0000-0002-4055-533X; Gilmour, Jamie/0000-0003-1990-8636; Brucato, John Robert/0000-0002-4738-5521; Rotundi, Alessandra/0000-0001-5467-157X; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Tomioka, Naotaka/0000-0001-5725-9513; Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; Yabuta, Hikaru/0000-0002-4625-5362; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943; Ignatyev, Konstantin/0000-0002-8937-5655; Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427; McKeegan, Kevin/0000-0002-1827-729X; Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903; Cordier, Patrick/0000-0002-1883-2994; NR 26 TC 549 Z9 550 U1 13 U2 137 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1711 EP 1716 DI 10.1126/science.1135840 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600041 PM 17170289 ER PT J AU Flynn, GJ Bleuet, P Borg, J Bradley, JP Brenker, FE Brennan, S Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Bullock, ES Burghammer, M Clark, BC Dai, ZR Daghlian, CP Djouadi, Z Fakra, S Ferroir, T Floss, C Franchi, IA Gainsforth, Z Gallien, JP Gillet, P Grant, PG Graham, GA Green, SF Grossemy, F Heck, PR Herzog, GF Hoppe, P Horz, F Huth, J Ignatyev, K Ishii, HA Janssens, K Joswiak, D Kearsley, AT Khodja, H Lanzirotti, A Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Luening, K MacPherson, GJ Marhas, KK Marcus, MA Matrajt, G Nakamura, T Nakamura-Messenger, K Nakano, T Newville, M Papanastassiou, DA Pianetta, P Rao, W Riekel, C Rietmeijer, FJM Rost, D Schwandt, CS See, TH Sheffield-Parker, J Simionovici, A Sitnitsky, I Snead, CJ Stadermann, FJ Stephan, T Stroud, RM Susini, J Suzuki, Y Sutton, SR Taylor, S Teslich, N Troadec, D Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Uesugi, K Vekemans, B Vicenzi, EP Vincze, L Westphal, AJ Wozniakiewicz, P Zinner, E Zolensky, ME AF Flynn, George J. Bleuet, Pierre Borg, Janet Bradley, John P. Brenker, Frank E. Brennan, Sean Bridges, John Brownlee, Don E. Bullock, Emma S. Burghammer, Manfred Clark, Benton C. Dai, Zu Rong Daghlian, Charles P. Djouadi, Zahia Fakra, Sirine Ferroir, Tristan Floss, Christine Franchi, Ian A. Gainsforth, Zack Gallien, Jean-Paul Gillet, Philippe Grant, Patrick G. Graham, Giles A. Green, Simon F. Grossemy, Faustine Heck, Philipp R. Herzog, Gregory F. Hoppe, Peter Hoerz, Friedrich Huth, Joachim Ignatyev, Konstantin Ishii, Hope A. Janssens, Koen Joswiak, David Kearsley, Anton T. Khodja, Hicham Lanzirotti, Antonio Leitner, Jan Lemelle, Laurence Leroux, Hugues Luening, Katharina MacPherson, Glenn J. Marhas, Kuljeet K. Marcus, Matthew A. Matrajt, Graciela Nakamura, Tomoki Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko Nakano, Tsukasa Newville, Matthew Papanastassiou, Dimitri A. Pianetta, Piero Rao, William Riekel, Christian Rietmeijer, Frans J. M. Rost, Detlef Schwandt, Craig S. See, Thomas H. Sheffield-Parker, Julie Simionovici, Alexandre Sitnitsky, Ilona Snead, Christopher J. Stadermann, Frank J. Stephan, Thomas Stroud, Rhonda M. Susini, Jean Suzuki, Yoshio Sutton, Stephen R. Taylor, Susan Teslich, Nick Troadec, D. Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Uesugi, Kentaro Vekemans, Bart Vicenzi, Edward P. Vincze, Laszlo Westphal, Andrew J. Wozniakiewicz, Penelope Zinner, Ernst Zolensky, Michael E. TI Elemental compositions of comet 81P/Wild 2 samples collected by Stardust SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPACECRAFT; ABUNDANCES; SOLAR; DUST AB We measured the elemental compositions of material from 23 particles in aerogel and from residue in seven craters in aluminum foil that was collected during passage of the Stardust spacecraft through the coma of comet 81P/Wild 2. These particles are chemically heterogeneous at the largest size scale analyzed (similar to 180 ng). The mean elemental composition of this Wild 2 material is consistent with the CI meteorite composition, which is thought to represent the bulk composition of the solar system, for the elements Mg, Si, Mn, Fe, and Ni to 35%, and for Ca and Ti to 60%. The elements Cu, Zn, and Ga appear enriched in this Wild 2 material, which suggests that the CI meteorites may not represent the solar system composition for these moderately volatile minor elements. C1 SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Mineral, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Lockheed Martin, Denver, CO 80201 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, CEA, Lab Pierre Sue, Saclay, France. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Engn & Sci Contract Grp Jacobs Sverdrup, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Antwerp, Dept Chem, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Univ Lille, Lille, France. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Geol Survey Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. XRT Ltd, Port Melbourne, Vic, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst SPring8, Hyogo, Japan. Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Osaka Univ, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. RP Flynn, GJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, 101 Broad St, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. EM george.flynn@plattsburgh.edu RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Green, Simon/C-7408-2009; Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Khodja, Hicham/A-1869-2016; Janssens, Koen/B-8049-2011 OI Ignatyev, Konstantin/0000-0002-8937-5655; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Janssens, Koen/0000-0002-6752-6408 NR 17 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1731 EP 1735 DI 10.1126/science.1136141 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600046 PM 17170294 ER PT J AU Coleman, RE Sattabongkot, J Promstaporm, S Maneechai, N Tippayachai, B Kengluecha, A Rachapaew, N Zollner, G Miller, RS Vaughan, JA Thimasarn, K Khuntirat, B AF Coleman, Russell E. Sattabongkot, Jetsumon Promstaporm, Sommai Maneechai, Nongnuj Tippayachai, Bousaraporn Kengluecha, Ampornpan Rachapaew, Nattawan Zollner, Gabriela Miller, Robert Scott Vaughan, Jefferson A. Thimasarn, Krongtong Khuntirat, Benjawan TI Comparison of PCR and microscopy for the detection of asymptomatic malaria in a Plasmodium falciparum/vivax endemic area in Thailand SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RAPID DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; IMPORTED MALARIA; BLOOD-SAMPLES; VIVAX; PARASITES; FIELD; SURVEILLANCE; SENSITIVITY AB Objective: The main objective of this study was to compare the performance of nested PCR with expert microscopy as a means of detecting Plasmodium parasites during active malaria surveillance in western Thailand. Methods: The study was performed from May 2000 to April 2002 in the village of Kong Mong Tha, located in western Thailand. Plasmodium vivax (PV) and Plasmodium falciparum (PF) are the predominant parasite species in this village, followed by Plasmodium malariae (PM) and Plasmodium ovale (PO). Each month, fingerprick blood samples were taken from each participating individual and used to prepare thick and thin blood films and for PCR analysis. Results: PCR was sensitive (96%) and specific (98%) for malaria at parasite densities >= 500/mu l; however, only 18% (47/269) of P. falciparum- and 5% (20/390) of P. vivax-positive films had parasite densities this high. Performance of PCR decreased markedly at parasite densities <500/mu l, with sensitivity of only 20% for P. falciparum and 24% for P. vivax at densities <100 parasites/mu l. Conclusion: Although PCR performance appeared poor when compared to microscopy, data indicated that the discrepancy between the two methods resulted from poor performance of microscopy at low parasite densities rather than poor performance of PCR. These data are not unusual when the diagnostic method being evaluated is more sensitive than the reference method. PCR appears to be a useful method for detecting Plasmodium parasites during active malaria surveillance in Thailand. C1 USA, Dept Entomol, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. USA, Dept Immunol, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Coleman, RE (reprint author), USA, Dept Entomol, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. EM russell.coleman@na.amedd.army.mil; jetsumonp@afrims.org; sommaip@afrims.org; nongnujm@afrims.org; bousarapornt@afrims.org; ampornpank@afrims.org; nattawanr@afrims.org; gabriela.zollner@na.amedd.army.mil; robert.s.miller@us.army.mil; jefferson_vaughan@und.nodak.edu; thimasarnk@searo.who.int; benjawank@afrims.org RI Zollner, Gabriela/B-6073-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI048813, R01-AI48813-01A1] NR 27 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD DEC 14 PY 2006 VL 5 AR 121 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-5-121 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 119DB UT WOS:000242991300001 PM 17169142 ER PT J AU Hoge, CW AF Hoge, Charles W. TI Deployment to the Iraq War and neuropsychological sequelae SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Hoge, CW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. EM charles.hoge@na.amedd.army.mil NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 13 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 22 BP 2678 EP 2679 DI 10.1001/jama.296.22.2678-b PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 115WY UT WOS:000242765700015 PM 17164449 ER PT J AU Vasterling, JJ Proctor, SP Amoroso, P Kane, R Heeren, T White, RF AF Vasterling, Jennifer J. Proctor, Susan P. Amoroso, Paul Kane, Robert Heeren, Timothy White, Roberta F. TI Deployment to the Iraq War and neuropsychological sequelae - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 VA S Cent Mental Illness Res Educ & Clin Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. US Army Res Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ft Lewis, WA USA. VA Maryland Healthcare Syst, Baltimore, MD USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Vasterling, JJ (reprint author), VA S Cent Mental Illness Res Educ & Clin Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. EM jvaster@tulane.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 13 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 22 BP 2679 EP 2680 DI 10.1001/jama.296.22.2679 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 115WY UT WOS:000242765700016 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI Karna, SP Zope, RR AF Dunlap, Brett I. Karna, Shashi P. Zope, Rajendra R. TI Dipole moments from atomic-number-dependent potentials in analytic density-functional theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL X-ALPHA; FOCK-SLATER METHOD; HARTREE-FOCK; BASIS-SETS; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; NOBEL LECTURE; ROW ATOMS AB Molecular dipole moments of analytic density-functional theory are investigated. The effect of element-dependent exchange potentials on these moments are examined by comparison with conventional quantum-chemical methods and experiment for the subset of the extended G2 set of molecules that have nonzero dipole moment. Fitting the Kohn-Sham [Phys. Rev. 140, A1133 (1965)] potential itself makes a mean absolute error of less than 0.1 D. Variation of alpha (Slater's [Phys. Rev. 81, 385 (1951)] exchange parameter) values has far less effect on dipole moments than on energies. It is argued that in variable alpha methods one should choose the smaller of the two rather than the geometric mean of the two alpha values for the heteroatomic part of the linear-combination-atomic-orbital density. Calculations on the dipole moment of NH2(CH)(24)NO2 are consistent with earlier calculations and show that varying the differences between alpha values for atoms with different atomic numbers has only short-ranged electrostatic effects. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79959 USA. RP Dunlap, BI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 21 AR 214104 DI 10.1063/1.2403854 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 114DF UT WOS:000242646200005 PM 17166012 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS AF Zhang, Sheng Shui TI Aromatic isocyanate as a new type of electrolyte additive for the improved performance of Li-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE isocyanate; electrolyte additive; graphite; solid electrolyte interface; Li-ion battery ID NATURAL GRAPHITE; ANODE MATERIAL; SURFACE MODIFICATION; NEGATIVE ELECTRODE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; LITHIUM; CELLS; SULFITE AB Aromatic isocyanate, 4-fluorophenyl isocyanate and phenyl isocyanate, were first used to reduce the initial irreversible capacities during the formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on a graphite surface. Results showed that the addition of 1-5 wt.% isocyanate to propylene carbonate-containing electrolytes could effectively reduce the initial irreversible capacities in the SEI formation and increase the cycleability of Li-ion batteries. The improvement is attributed to the high reactivity of isocyanate with chemisorbed oxygen groups, such as carboxyl and phenol, which are inevitably present in the prismatic (edge) sites of graphite and are known among the sources to cause the initial irreversible capacities of a graphite anode. It is proposed that the isocyanate reacts with carboxyl and phenol groups to form more stable products, and that the resulting products have a better affinity to the subsequently formed SEI. In addition, the presence of isocyanate assists in scavenging water and acidic HF impurities from the electrolyte. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM szhang@arl.army.mil RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 7 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 1 SI SI BP 567 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.046 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 137UF UT WOS:000244317100090 ER PT J AU Lee, JK Grace, KA Taylor, AJ AF Lee, Jeannie K. Grace, Karen A. Taylor, Allen J. TI Effect of a pharmacy care program on medication adherence and persistence, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - A randomized controlled trial SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 13, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc ID ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; MAJOR RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH OUTCOMES; STATIN THERAPY; INTERVENTIONS; CORONARY; HYPERTENSION; METAANALYSIS; PREDICTORS; HOSPITALIZATION AB Context Poor medication adherence diminishes the health benefits of pharmacotherapies. Elderly patients with coronary risk factors frequently require treatment with multiple medications, placing them at increased risk for nonadherence. Objective To test the efficacy of a comprehensive pharmacy care program to improve medication adherence and its associated effects on blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Design, Setting, and Patients A multiphase, prospective study with an observational phase and a randomized controlled trial conducted at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center of 200 community-based patients aged 65 years or older taking at least 4 chronic medications. The study was conducted from June 2004 to August 2006. Intervention After a 2-month run-in phase (measurement of baseline adherence, BP, and LDL-C), patients entered a 6-month intervention phase (standardized medication education, regular follow-up by pharmacists, and medications dispensed in time-specific packs). Following the intervention phase, patients were randomized to continued pharmacy care vs usual care for an additional 6 months. Main Outcome Measures Primary end point of the observation phase was change in the proportion of pills taken vs baseline; secondary end points were the associated changes in BP and LDL-C. Primary end point of the randomization phase was the between-group comparison of medication persistence. Results A total of 200 elderly patients (77.1% men; mean[SD] age, 78 [8.3] years), taking a mean (SD) of 9 (3) chronic medications were enrolled. Coronary risk factors included drug-treated hypertension in 184 patients (91.5%) and drug-treated hyperlipidemia in 162 (80.6%). Mean (SD) baseline medication adherence was 61.2% (13.5%). After 6 months of intervention, medication adherence increased to 96.9% (5.2%; P<.001) and was associated with significant improvements in systolic BP (133.2 [14.9] to 129.9 [16.0] mm Hg; P=.02) and LDL-C (91.7 [26.1] to 86.8 [23.4] mg/dL; P=.001). Six months after randomization, the persistence of medication adherence decreased to 69.1% (16.4%) among those patients assigned to usual care, whereas it was sustained at 95.5% (7.7%) in pharmacy care (P<.001). This was associated with significant reductions in systolic BP in the pharmacy care group (-6.9 mm Hg; 95% CI, -10.7 to -3.1 mm Hg) vs the usual care group (-1.0 mm Hg; 95% CI, -5.9 to 3.9 mm Hg; P=.04), but no significant between-group differences in LDL-C levels or reductions. Conclusions A pharmacy care program led to increases in medication adherence, medication persistence, and clinically meaningful reductions in BP, whereas discontinuation of the program was associated with decreased medication adherence and persistence. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Serv Cardiol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Room 4A34, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM allen.taylor@na.amedd.army.mil NR 35 TC 361 Z9 381 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 6 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 21 BP 2563 EP 2571 DI 10.1001/jama.296.21.joc60162 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 112ND UT WOS:000242532000018 PM 17101639 ER PT J AU Shepherd, N Morton, DC Forsythe, EW Chiu, D AF Shepherd, Nigel Morton, David C. Forsythe, Eric W. Chiu, Dave TI The influence of insulator properties on the electro-optical performance of flexible ZnS : ErF3 alternating current thin film electroluminescent devices SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE flexible substrate; electroluminescent devices; inorganic; infrared emission; zinc suflexible ID SUBSTRATE AB We have developed flexible ZnS:ErF3 alternating current thin film electroluminescent devices on molybdenum foils, and quantified the effect of insulator properties for the case of alumina (Al2O3) and barium tantalate (BaTa2O6) on the device electrical characteristics, and infrared emission. The inverted, full-stack structures could be flexed in tension and compression without mechanical failure or deterioration of optical output, and flex radii of a few centimeters are routinely achieved. Thus, the feasibility of a flexible, inorganic, large area electroluminescent emitter has been demonstrated. Compared to the Al2O3 devices, the numbers for structures employing BaTa2O6 represent a 29% increase in flux density at 980 nm, a 36% increase at 1540 nm, an 18% increase in conduction charge, a 10% increase in phosphor field and a 14% increase in threshold voltage. Our interpretation of the data is as follows: in the case of BaTa2O6, the interface states from which electrons are sourced into the phosphor are deeper, requiring a higher voltage for field emission. As a consequence, electrons are injected into the phosphor when the phosphor field is higher, resulting in better excitation efficiency and improved optical generation. The increase in conduction charge is interpreted as a higher density of interface states, which appear to have a narrower energy distribution based on the more abrupt threshold behavior observed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shepherd, N (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, E118,N Texas Res Pk, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM shepherd@egw.unt.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 5 PY 2006 VL 515 IS 4 BP 2342 EP 2346 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.04.032 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 118HB UT WOS:000242931900177 ER PT J AU Meyer, RJ MacMillan, DK AF Meyer, R. J. MacMillan, Denise K. TI Optimization of analytical quality control for long-term monitoring of metals and volatile organic compounds in groundwater SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE laboratory control sample; matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate; quality control AB Statistical analysis of historical results for matrix spikes (MS), matrix spike duplicates (MSD), and laboratory control samples (LCS) from aqueous samples analyzed for metals and volatile organic compounds was performed to determine whether the MS/MSD provided substantive information apart from that provided by the LCS. The statistical analysis showed that the mean recovery of all analytes from MS/MSD closely approximated the mean recovery of all analytes from the LCS. Average bias, skewness, and kurtosis were also assessed for both data sets. The evaluation provided strong evidence for the use of LCS recoveries as performance indicators of probable MS/MSD recoveries of metals and volatile organic compounds from groundwater. C1 USA Corp Engineers, Environm Chem Branch, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. RP MacMillan, DK (reprint author), USA Corp Engineers, Environm Chem Branch, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 420 S 18th St, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. EM denise.k.macmillan@nwo02.usace.army.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 11 IS 12 BP 599 EP 609 DI 10.1007/s00769-006-0200-2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 114RX UT WOS:000242684400002 ER PT J AU Higdon, ML Higdon, JA AF Higdon, Mark L. Higdon, Jennifer A. TI Treatment of oncologic emergencies SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID SPINAL-CORD COMPRESSION; HIGH-DOSE DEXAMETHASONE; CANCER-PATIENTS; NEUTROPENIC PATIENTS; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ZOLEDRONIC ACID; RISK; HYPERCALCEMIA; FEVER AB Most oncologic emergencies can be classified as metabolic, hematologic, structural, or side effects from chemotherapy agents. Tumor lysis syndrome is a metabolic emergency that presents as severe electrolyte abnormalities. The condition is treated with allopurinol or urate oxidase to lower uric acid levels. Hypercalcemia of malignancy is treated with aggressive rehydration, furosemide, and intravenous bisphosphonates. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone should be suspected if a patient with cancer presents with normovolemic hyponatremia. This metabolic condition usually is treated with fluid restriction and furosemide. Febrile neutropenia is a hematologic emergency that usually requires inpatient therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics, although outpatient therapy may be appropriate for low-risk patients. Hyperviscosity syndrome usually is associated with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, which is treated with plasmapheresis and chemotherapy. Structural oncologic emergencies are caused by direct compression of nontumor structures or by metastatic disease. Superior vena cava syndrome presents as neck or facial swelling and development of collateral venous circulation. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation, and intravenous stenting. Epidural spinal cord compression can be treated with dexamethasone, radiation, or surgery. Malignant pericardial effusion, which often is undiagnosed in cancer patients, can be treated with pericardiocentesis or a pericardial window procedure. C1 USA, Martin Army Community Hosp Family Med Residency P, Ft Benning, GA USA. Med Ctr Family Med Residency Program, Columbus, GA USA. RP Higdon, ML (reprint author), USA, 376 N Lake Dr, Cataula, GA 31804 USA. EM higdon@mac.com NR 42 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1873 EP 1880 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 113KN UT WOS:000242596900009 PM 17168344 ER PT J AU Piesman, M Matsumoto, C Johnson, LB Shetty, K AF Piesman, Michael Matsumoto, Cal Johnson, Lynt B. Shetty, Kirti TI Sudden liver failure SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Georgetown Univ Hosp, Transplant Inst, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ Hosp, Int Ctr Ctr Liver Dis, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shetty, K (reprint author), Georgetown Univ Hosp, Transplant Inst, 3800 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC 20007 USA. EM Kirti.Shetty@medstar.net NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 119 IS 12 BP 1033 EP 1035 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.09.006 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 111XI UT WOS:000242488800008 PM 17145244 ER PT J AU Gotkin, J Celver, J McNutt, P Deering, S Howard, B Hoeldike, N Napolitano, P AF Gotkin, Jennifer Celver, Jeremy McNutt, Patrick Deering, Shad Howard, Bobby Hoeldike, Nathan Napolitano, Peter TI Response of isolated monocytes and lymphocytes to LPS and progesterone SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY FEB 05-10, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 195 IS 6 SU S MA 475 BP S148 EP S148 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.10.518 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 116WM UT WOS:000242834500475 ER PT J AU Tuckow, AP Rarick, KR Kraemer, WJ Marx, JO Hymer, WC Nindl, BC AF Tuckow, Alexander P. Rarick, Kevin R. Kraemer, William J. Marx, James O. Hymer, Wesley C. Nindl, Bradley C. TI Nocturnal growth hormone secretory dynamics are altered after resistance exercise: deconvolution analysis of 12-hour immunofunctional and immunoreactive isoforms SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pulsatile; somatotropin; kinetics; approximate entropy; weight lifting ID GH-DEFICIENT PATIENTS; FACTOR-I; HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS; APPROXIMATE ENTROPY; DAYTIME EXERCISE; PULSATILE; SLEEP; RELEASE; HETEROGENEITY; INTENSITY AB To characterize the effects of daytime exercise on subsequent overnight growth hormone (GH) secretion and elimination dynamics, serum was sampled, and GH was measured every 10 min for 12 h (1800 to 0600) in a control (CON) condition and after a 50-set resistance exercise protocol (EX) from 1500 to 1700. GH was measured with a conventional immunoreactive (IR) and an immunofunctional (IF) assay, and values were analyzed via a multi-parameter deconvolution analysis. EX resulted in a higher overnight secretory burst frequency [CON: 7.6 (SD 2.4) < EX: 9.4 (2.2) bursts per 12 h, P = 0.005] but lower mean burst mass [CON: 9.2 (4.7) > EX: 6.0 (2.9) mu g/l, P = 0.019] and secretory rate [CON: 0.68 (0.29) > EX: 0.48 (0.23) mu g/l/ min; P = 0.015; ANOVA main effect means presented]. Approximate entropy (ApEn) was greater after EX, indicating a less orderly GH release process than CON. The estimated half-life of IF GH was significantly lower than IR GH [IF: 15.3 (1.1) < IR 19.8 (1.6) min, P < 0.001] but similar between the CON and EX conditions (similar to 17 min). Despite the changes in secretory dynamics, 12-h mean and integrated GH concentrations were similar between conditions. The results suggest that although quantitatively similar total amounts of GH are secreted overnight in CON and EX conditions, resistance exercise alters the dynamics of secretion by attenuating burst mass and amplitude yet increasing burst frequency. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Kinesiol, Human Performance Lab, Storrs, CT USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Kinesiol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Nindl, BC (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM bradley.nindl@us.army.mil FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 10732] NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 291 IS 6 BP R1749 EP R1755 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00854.2005 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 101VG UT WOS:000241768400022 PM 16840649 ER PT J AU Clayton, T Banks, KP Bui-Mansfield, LT AF Clayton, Trevor Banks, Kevin P. Bui-Mansfield, Liem T. TI AJR teaching file: High-output cardiac failure in a patient with a history of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cardiac failure; cardiac imaging; cardiopulmonary imaging; cardiovascular disease; CT; hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia ID MALFORMATIONS C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, SAUSHEC, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Radiol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Bui-Mansfield, LT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, SAUSHEC, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM liem.mansfield@gmail.com NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 187 IS 6 SU S BP S508 EP S510 DI 10.2214/AJR.05.1602 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 110WN UT WOS:000242412100004 PM 17114566 ER PT J AU Todd, SR McNally, MM Holcomb, JB Kozar, RA Kao, LS Gonzalez, EA Cocanour, CS Vercruysse, GA Lygas, MH Brasseaux, BK Moore, FA AF Todd, S. Rob McNally, Michael M. Holcomb, John B. Kozar, Rosemary A. Kao, Lillian S. Gonzalez, Ernest A. Cocanour, Christine S. Vercruysse, Gary A. Lygas, Marjorie H. Brasseaux, Bobbie K. Moore, Frederick A. TI A multidisciplinary clinical pathway decreases rib fracture-associated infectious morbidity and mortality in high-risk trauma patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern-Surgical-Congress CY APR 03-07, 2006 CL Kauai, HI SP SW Surg Congress DE mortality; multidisciplinary clinical pathway; pain management; pneumonia; rib fractures ID EPIDURAL ANALGESIA; THORACIC TRAUMA; DEATH; MANAGEMENT; INCREASES; SURVIVAL; PAIN AB Background: We initiated a multi disciplinary clinical pathway targeting patients greater than 45 years of age with more than 4 rib fractures. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of this pathway on infectious morbidity and mortality. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Data evaluated included patient demographics, injury characteristics, pain management details, lengths of stay, morbidity, and mortality. Univariate and multi-variate analyses were performed using a significance level of P < .05. Results: When adjusting for age, injury severity score, and number of rib fractures, the clinical pathway was associated with decreased intensive care unit length of stay by 2.4 days (95% confidence interval [CI] -4.3, -0.52 days, P = .01) hospital length of stay by 3.7 days (95% CI -7.1, -0.42 days, P = .02), pneumonias (odds ratio [OR] 0.12, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.34, P < .001), and mortality (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.03, P = .06). Conclusions: Implementation of a rib fracture multidisciplinary clinical pathway decreased mechanical ventilator-dependent days, lengths of stay, infectious morbidity, and mortality. (c) 2006 Excerpta Medica Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Methodist Hosp, Dept Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Houston, TX USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Trauma Div, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Mem Hermann Hosp, Texas Med Ctr, Trauma Program, Houston, TX USA. Mem Hermann Hosp, Texas Med Ctr, Resp Care & Pulm Diagnost Serv, Houston, TX USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Trauma, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Todd, SR (reprint author), Methodist Hosp, Dept Surg, 6550 Fannin St,Smith Tower 1661, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM srtodd@tmh.tmc.edu NR 26 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206 STE 3, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 192 IS 6 BP 806 EP 810 DI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.08.048 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 118FS UT WOS:000242928400038 PM 17161098 ER PT J AU Epley, EE Stewart, RM Love, P Jenkins, D Siegworth, GM Baskin, TW Flaherty, S Cocke, R AF Epley, Eric E. Stewart, Ronald M. Love, Preston Jenkins, Donald Siegworth, Gina M. Baskin, Toney W. Flaherty, Stephen Cocke, Robert TI A regional medical operations center improves disaster response and inter-hospital trauma transfers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern-Surgical-Congress CY APR 03-07, 2006 CL Kauai, HI SP SW Surg Congress DE trauma centers; wounds and injuries; patient transfer; disaster planning; regional medical systems; communication; cooperation ID MASS CASUALTY INCIDENTS; PREPAREDNESS; SYSTEMS; CARE; TERRORISM; IMPACT AB Background: Delays in both inter-hospital trauma transfers and disaster response are common. We hypothesized patient flow could be improved by formal adoption of systems that improve cooperation and communication. Methods: The regional trauma database of the Southwest Texas Regional Advisory Council for Trauma and the Regional Medical Operations Center (RMOC) database were queried to test the hypothesis. Results: A total of 9507 trauma patients were transferred. Medcom resulted in decreased transfer process times. The RMOC was activated during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. During two 24-hour periods, the RMOC coordinated the inter-hospital transfer of 781 patients and the movement of thousands of evacuees and special needs patients. Conclusions: Medcom, an organized system combining a communications center with formal trauma center cooperation, improves patient flow and reduces trauma transfer times. The RMOC, based on the same principles of cooperation and communication, allows for rapid transfer of hospitalized and special needs patients during disaster/mass casualty situations. (c) 2006 Excerpta Medica Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. SW Texas Reg Advisory Council Trauma, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Hlth Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Greater San Antonio Area Hosp Council, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Stewart, RM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM stewartr@uthscsa.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 192 IS 6 BP 853 EP 858 DI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.08.057 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 118FS UT WOS:000242928400055 PM 17161107 ER PT J AU Ismail, TF Wasfy, MO Abdul-Rahman, B Murray, CK Hospenthal, DR Abdel-Fadeel, M Abdel-Maksoud, M Samir, A Hatem, ME Klena, J Pimentel, G El-Sayed, N Hajjeh, R AF Ismail, Tharwat F. Wasfy, Momtaz O. Abdul-Rahman, Bassem Murray, Clinton K. Hospenthal, Duane R. Abdel-Fadeel, Moustafa Abdel-Maksoud, Mohamed Samir, Ahmed Hatem, Mahmoud E. Klena, John Pimentel, Guillermo El-Sayed, Nasr Hajjeh, Rana TI Retrospective serosurvey of leptospirosis among patients with acute febrile illness and hepatitis in Egypt SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS; CATTLE AB The epidemiologic status of leptospirosis in Egypt has not been well defined because of difficulties in disease diagnosis. A retrospective study was conducted to detect leptospiral antibodies among undiagnosed acute febrile illness (AFI) and hepatitis cases. Approximately 16% of both AFI (141/886) and acute hepatitis (63/392) cases showed seroreactivity to Leptospira IgM by ELISA and microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Canicola, Djasiman, Grippotyphosa, Pyrogenes, Icterohemorrhagiae, and Pomona were the most commonly reactive serovars among patients with AFI. Djasiman. Grippotyphosa and Icterohemorrhagiae were the most reactive among patients with acute hepatitis. This study represents the first systematic report of Leptospira associated with patients with AFI and hepatitis in Egypt. Physicians need to have increased awareness about the importance of leptospirosis in the differential diagnosis of AFI and acute hepatitis in Egypt. In addition, laboratory capacity should be developed at fever hospitals to diagnose leptospirosis. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Cairo Univ, Fac Med Vet, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ismail, TF (reprint author), PSC 452,Box 5000,Attn Code 304A, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM ismailt@namru3.med.navy.mil; wasfym@namru3.med.navv.mil; bassemr@namru3.med.navv.mil; Clinton.Murray@AMEDD.ARMY.MIL; Diane.Hospenthal@CEN.AMEDD.ARMY.MIL; fadeelm@namru3.med.navy.mil; aelmaksoud@namru3.med.navy.mil; ahmedsamir121@hotmail.com; essamhatem@yahoo.com; klenaj@namru3.med.navy.mil; pimentelg@namru3.med.navv.mil; nasr_elsayed@hotmail.com; rfh5@cdc.gov RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1089 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 117OC UT WOS:000242881600012 PM 17172371 ER PT J AU Bautista, CT Chan, AST Ryan, JR Calampa, C Roper, MH Hightower, AW Magill, AJ AF Bautista, Christian T. Chan, Adeline S. T. Ryan, Jeffrey R. Calampa, Carlos Roper, Marty H. Hightower, Allen W. Magill, Alan J. TI Epidemiology and spatial analysis of malaria in the Northern Peruvian Amazon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION-SYSTEM; SOUTH-AFRICA; GIS; TRANSMISSION; RISK AB A retrospective surveillance study was conducted to examine the micro-geographic variation of malaria incidence in three malaria-endemic communities in the Northern Peruvian Amazon. The annual malaria risk rate (per 100) ranged from 38% to 47% for Plasmodium vivax and from 15% to 18% for P. falciparum. Spatial clusters were found for P. vivax in Padre Cocha, Manacamiri, and Zungaro Cocha, and for P. falciparum only in Padre Cocha. Spatial-temporal clusters showed that the highest monthly number of P. vivax cases varied every year from December to March in 1996-1997 and from February to June in 1998-1999, and for P. falciparum from November to April in 1996-1997 and from January to April in 1998-1999. Our results suggest a constant presence of high-risk areas (hot spots) for malaria infection in periods with high or low malaria incidence. Modest targeted control efforts directed at identified high-risk areas may have significant impact on malaria transmission in this region. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med Inc, US Mil HIV Res Program, Dept Epidemiol & Threat Assessment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Jacksonville State Univ, Dept Emergency Management, Jacksonville, AL 36265 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Peruvian Minist Hlth, Loreto Hlth Subreg, Iquitos, Peru. RP Bautista, CT (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med Inc, US Mil HIV Res Program, Dept Epidemiol & Threat Assessment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 1 Taft Court,Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM cbautista@hivresearch.org; adeline.chan@na.amedd.army.mil; jryan@jsu.edu; awh1@cdc.gov; alan.magill@na.amedd.army.mil RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1216 EP 1222 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 117OC UT WOS:000242881600037 PM 17172396 ER PT J AU Hujer, KM Hujer, AM Hulten, EA Bajaksouzian, S Adams, JM Donskey, CJ Ecker, DJ Massire, C Eshoo, MW Sampath, R Thomson, JM Rather, PN Craft, DW Fishbain, JT Ewell, AJ Jacobs, MR Paterson, DL Bonomo, RA AF Hujer, Kristine M. Hujer, Andrea M. Hulten, Edward A. Bajaksouzian, Saralee Adams, Jennifer M. Donskey, Curtis J. Ecker, David J. Massire, Christian Eshoo, Mark W. Sampath, Rangarajan Thomson, Jodi M. Rather, Philip N. Craft, David W. Fishbain, Joel T. Ewell, Allesa J. Jacobs, Michael R. Paterson, David L. Bonomo, Robert A. TI Analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter sp isolates from military and civilian patients treated at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; MEDIATED QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; SPECTRUM-BETA-LACTAMASE; AMINOGLYCOSIDE-RESISTANCE; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIC STRAINS; BAUMANNII CLONE; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB Military medical facilities treating patients injured in Iraq and Afghanistan have identified a large number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. In order to anticipate the impact of these pathogens on patient care, we analyzed the antibiotic resistance genes responsible for the MDR phenotype in Acinetobacter sp. isolates collected from patients at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC). Susceptibility testing, PCR amplification of the genetic determinants of resistance, and clonality were determined. Seventy-five unique patient isolates were included in this study: 53% were from bloodstream infections, 89% were resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics, and 15% were resistant to all nine antibiotics tested. Thirty-seven percent of the isolates were recovered from patients nosocomially infected or colonized at the WRAMC. Sixteen unique resistance genes or gene families and four mobile genetic elements were detected. In addition, this is the first report of bla(OXA-58)-like and bla(PER)-like genes in the U.S. MDR A.baumannii isolates with at least eight identified resistance determinants were recovered from 49 of the 75 patients. Molecular typing revealed multiple clones, with eight major clonal types being nosocomially acquired and with more than 60% of the isolates being related to three pan-European types. This report gives a "snapshot" of the complex genetic background responsible for antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter spp. from the WRAMC. Identifying genes associated with the MDR phenotype and defining patterns of transmission serve as a starting point for devising strategies to limit the clinical impact of these serious infections. C1 Louis Stokes Cleveland Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, Res Serv, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Ibis, Carlsbad, CA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Bonomo, RA (reprint author), Louis Stokes Cleveland Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, Res Serv, 10701 E Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM robert.bonomo@med.va.gov RI Paterson, David/A-9258-2010; Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/D-4312-2016; OI Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/0000-0002-2029-7863; Hulten, Edward/0000-0001-9281-0032 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI063517, R01 AI063517-01]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM007250, T32 GM07250] NR 54 TC 237 Z9 247 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 50 IS 12 BP 4114 EP 4123 DI 10.1128/AAC.00778-06 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 111QX UT WOS:000242470200020 PM 17000742 ER PT J AU Dow, GS Heady, TN Bhattacharjee, AK Caridha, D Gerena, L Gettayacamin, A Lanteri, CA Obaldia, N Roncal, N Shearer, T Smith, PL Tungtaeng, A Wolf, L Cabezas, M Yourick, D Smith, KS AF Dow, G. S. Heady, T. N. Bhattacharjee, A. K. Caridha, D. Gerena, L. Gettayacamin, A. Lanteri, C. A. Obaldia, N., III Roncal, N. Shearer, T. Smith, P. L. Tungtaeng, A. Wolf, L. Cabezas, M. Yourick, D. Smith, K. S. TI Utility of alkylaminoquinolinyl methanols as new antimalarial drugs SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; OWL MONKEY; ADVERSE EVENTS; HUMAN MALARIA; IN-VITRO; MEFLOQUINE; RESISTANCE; AOTUS; CHANNELS; 2,6-BIS(ARYL)-4-PYRIDINEMETHANOLS AB Mefloquine has been one of the more valuable antimalarial drugs but has never reached its full clinical potential due to concerns about its neurologic side effects, its greater expense than that of other antimalarials, and the emergence of resistance. The commercial development of mefloquine superseded that of another quinolinyl methanol, WR030090, which was used as an experimental antimalarial drug by the U.S. Army in the 1970s. We evaluated a series of related 2-phenyl-substituted alkylaminoquinolinyl methanols (AAQMs) for their potential as mefloquine replacement drugs based on a series of appropriate in vitro and in vivo efficacy and toxicology screens and the theoretical cost of goods. Generally, the AAQMs were less neurotoxic and exhibited greater antimalarial potency, and they are potentially cheaper than mefloquine, but they showed poorer metabolic stability and pharmacokinetics and the potential for phototoxicity. These differences in physiochemical and biological properties are attributable to the "opening" of the piperidine ring of the 4-position side chain. Modification of the most promising compound, WR069878, by substitution of an appropriate N functionality at the 4 position, optimization of quinoline ring substituents at the 6 and 7 positions, and deconjugation of quinoline and phenyl ring systems is anticipated to yield a valuable new antimalarial drug. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Dept Vet Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Trop Med Res Gorgas Mem Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Dow, GS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM geoffrey.dow@na.amedd.army.mil RI Yourick, Debra/A-2121-2011; Obaldia, Nicanor/O-8460-2015; OI Obaldia, Nicanor/0000-0002-3711-9449 NR 52 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 50 IS 12 BP 4132 EP 4143 DI 10.1128/AAC.00631-06 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 111QX UT WOS:000242470200022 PM 16966402 ER PT J AU Rosen, DL AF Rosen, David L. TI Luminescence dynamics of terbium monodipicolinate in ethyl ammonium nitrate SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE luminescence; terbium dipicolinate; EAN; risetime; lifetime; ionic; endospore; room-temperature ionic liquid; RTIL ID ANTHRAX SMOKE DETECTOR; ENERGY-TRANSFER; IONIC LIQUIDS; COMPLEXES; PYRIDINE-2,6-DICARBOXYLATE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; FLUORESCENCE; DIPICOLINATE; BACTERIA; LIGAND AB Energy level dynamics are experimentally examined for terbium monodipicolinate dissolved in ethyl ammonium nitrate (EAN). The luminescence lifetime, the luminescence risetime, and the absorption spectrum of terbium monodipicolinate in EAN are measured. The risetime of luminescence in terbium dipicolinate is experimentally shown to be nonzero and measurable. A dynamic model is presented that describes the evolution of terbium dipicolinate luminescence in EAN. The long risetime in the model is caused by a resonance between the E-5(6) state in the terbium cation and the lowest triplet state (T-1) in the dipicolinate anion. Bacterial endospore components dissolved in EAN are used to check the time resolution of the experimental apparatus. EAN is discussed partly because it is a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), which is a class of solvents that may be useful for detecting bacterial endospores in the atmosphere. C1 USA, Res Lab, Battlefield Environm Div, Atmospher Effects Branch,Computat & Informat Sci, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Rosen, DL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Battlefield Environm Div, Atmospher Effects Branch,Computat & Informat Sci, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM drosen@mymdu.com NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 EI 1943-3530 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 60 IS 12 BP 1453 EP 1460 DI 10.1366/000370206779321409 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 116RJ UT WOS:000242819700015 PM 17217596 ER PT J AU Edgerton, CC Moratz, C Tsokos, GC AF Edgerton, Colin C. Moratz, Chantal Tsokos, George C. TI CD4 T-lymphocytes mediate accelerated ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in autoimmunity-prone mice. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Walter Reed, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 12 BP 4089 EP 4090 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 116CS UT WOS:000242780700171 ER PT J AU Keith, MP Moratz, C Greidinger, EL Tsokos, GC AF Keith, Michael P. Moratz, Chantal Greidinger, Eric L. Tsokos, George C. TI Anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibodies enhance ischemia/reperfusion-mediated tissue injury. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Rheumatol & Immunol, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Miami, FL USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 12 BP 4089 EP 4089 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 116CS UT WOS:000242780700170 ER PT J AU Mahanonda, R Pothiraksanon, P Sa-Ard-lam, N Yamazaki, K Schifferle, RE Hirunpetcharat, C Yongvanichit, K Pichyangkul, S AF Mahanonda, Rangsini Pothiraksanon, Piyawadee Sa-Ard-lam, Noppadol Yamazaki, Kazuhisa Schifferle, Robert E. Hirunpetcharat, Chakrit Yongvanichit, Kosol Pichyangkul, Sathit TI The effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans LPS on human dendritic cells in vitro, and in a mouse model in vivo SO ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; RESPONSES; TYPE-1 AB interaction between different bacterial plaque pathogens and dendritic cells may induce different types of T helper (Th) cell response, which is critical in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. In this study we investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) with respect to co-stimulatory molecule expression, cytokine production and Th cell differentiation. Unlike Escherichia coli and A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS, P. gingivalis LPS induced only low levels of CD40, CD80, HLA-DR and CD83 expression on Mo-DCs. LPS from both bacteria induced considerably lower TNF-alpha and IL-10 than did E. coli LPS. LPS from all three bacteria induced only negligible IL-12 production. In a human mixed-leukocyte reaction, and in an ovalbumin-specific T cell response assay in mice, both types of LPS suppressed IFN-gamma production. In conclusion, stimulation by P. gingivalis LPS and A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS appears to bias Mo-DCs towards Th2 production. C1 Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Periodontol, Bangkok, Thailand. Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Dent, Res Unit Periodontal Dis, Bangkok, Thailand. Niigata Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Oral Hlth & Welfare, Niigata, Japan. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Periodont & Endodont, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. USA Med Component, Dept Immunol & Med, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Mahanonda, R (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Periodontol, Bangkok, Thailand. EM mrangsin@chula.ac.th NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLERGY IMMUNOL SOC THAILAND, PI BANGKOK PA MAHIDOL UNIV, DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL, FACULTY TROPICAL MED, BANGKOK 10400, THAILAND SN 0125-877X J9 ASIAN PAC J ALLERGY JI Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 139CM UT WOS:000244409700007 PM 17348245 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, R Miller, SW Carey, CL Woods, SP Rippeth, JD Schweinsburg, BC Norman, MA Martin, EM Heaton, RK AF Gonzalez, Raul Miller, S. Walden Carey, Catherine L. Woods, Steven Paul Rippeth, Julie D. Schweinsburg, Brian C. Norman, Marc A. Martin, Eileen M. Heaton, Robert K. TI Association between dyads and correct responses on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) SO ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE neuropsychology; neuropsychological tests; psychometrics; cognitive science ID PROCESSING SPEED DEFICITS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; WORKING-MEMORY AB The sensitivity of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) to working memory deficits may be enhanced by examining "dyads" (i.e., correct responses immediately preceded by a correct response) as a complement to the traditional total correct summary score. In a sample of 397 mostly Aftican American (79%) healthy adults, total dyad and total correct scores were highly correlated (r =.96, p < .001); however the magnitude of this association diminished in faster stimulus presentation trials, particularly among participants with impaired working memory abilities. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Gonzalez, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL USA. RI Gonzalez, Raul/B-2289-2009 OI Gonzalez, Raul/0000-0002-5431-4828 FU NIDA NIH HHS [F32 DA018522, P01 DA012065]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH62512, R01 MH049550] NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1073-1911 J9 ASSESSMENT JI Assessment PD DEC PY 2006 VL 13 IS 4 BP 381 EP 384 DI 10.1177/1073191106286567 PG 4 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 111XE UT WOS:000242488400001 PM 17050907 ER PT J AU Dreier, JP Woitzik, J Fabricius, M Bhatia, R Major, S Drenckhahn, C Lehmann, TN Sarrafzadeh, A Willumsen, L Hartings, JA Sakowitz, OW Seemann, JH Thieme, A Lauritzen, M Strong, AJ AF Dreier, Jens P. Woitzik, Johannes Fabricius, Martin Bhatia, Robin Major, Sebastian Drenckhahn, Chistoph Lehmann, Thomas-Nicolas Sarrafzadeh, Asita Willumsen, Lisette Hartings, Jed A. Sakowitz, Oliver W. Seemann, Joerg H. Thieme, Anja Lauritzen, Martin Strong, Anthony J. TI Delayed ischaemic neurological deficits after subarachnoid haemorrhage are associated with clusters of spreading depolarizations SO BRAIN LA English DT Article DE cortical spreading depression; electrocorticography; ischaemic stroke; spreading ischaemia; subarachnoid haemorrhage ID FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; DOSE TIRILAZAD MESYLATE; PERIINFARCT DEPOLARIZATIONS; DOUBLE-BLIND; NORTH-AMERICA; BLOOD-FLOW; DEPRESSION; BRAIN; VASOSPASM; CORTEX AB Progressive ischaemic damage in animals is associated with spreading mass depolarizations of neurons and astrocytes, detected as spreading negative slow voltage variations. Speculation on whether spreading depolarizations occur in human ischaemic stroke has continued for the past 60 years. Therefore, we performed a prospective multicentre study assessing incidence and timing of spreading depolarizations and delayed ischaemic neurological deficit (DIND) in patients with major subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) requiring aneurysm surgery. Spreading depolarizations were recorded by electrocorticography with a subdural electrode strip placed on cerebral cortex for up to 10 days. A total of 2110 h recording time was analysed. The clinical state was monitored every 6 h. Delayed infarcts after SAH were verified by serial CT scans and/or MRI. Electrocorticography revealed 298 spreading depolarizations in 13 of the 18 patients (72%). A clinical DIND was observed in seven patients 7.8 days (7.3, 8.2) after SAH. DIND was time-locked to a sequence of recurrent spreading depolarizations in every single case (positive and negative predictive values: 86 and 100%, respectively). In four patients delayed infarcts developed in the recording area. As in the ischaemic penumbra of animals, delayed infarction was preceded by progressive prolongation of the electrocorticographic depression periods associated with spreading depolarizations to > 60 min in each case. This study demonstrates that spreading depolarizations have a high incidence in major SAH and occur in ischaemic stroke. Repeated spreading depolarizations with prolonged depression periods are an early indicator of delayed ischaemic brain damage after SAH. In view of experimental evidence and the present clinical results, we suggest that spreading depolarizations with prolonged depressions are a promising target for treatment development in SAH and ischaemic stroke. C1 Charite Univ Med Berlin, Dept Neurol, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Charite Univ Med Berlin, Dept Expt Neurol, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Charite Univ Med Berlin, Dept Neurosurg, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Charite Univ Med Berlin, Dept Neuroradiol, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Charite Univ Med Berlin, Dept Anaesthesiol, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Fac Clin Med, Univ Hosp Mannheim, Dept Neurosurg, D-6800 Mannheim, Germany. Univ Copenhagen, Glostrup Hosp, Dept Clin Neurophysiol, Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Glostrup Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Copenhagen, Denmark. Kings Coll London, Dept Neurosurg, London WC2R 2LS, England. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Dreier, JP (reprint author), Charite Univ Med Berlin, Dept Neurol, Campus Charite Mitte,Schumannstr 20-21, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. EM jens.dreier@charite.de OI Dreier, Jens/0000-0001-7459-2828; Major, Sebastian/0000-0003-0970-1308 NR 55 TC 240 Z9 246 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-8950 J9 BRAIN JI Brain PD DEC PY 2006 VL 129 BP 3224 EP 3237 DI 10.1093/brain/awl297 PN 12 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 111RE UT WOS:000242471100016 PM 17067993 ER PT J AU Buckenmaier, CC Shields, CH Auton, AA Evans, SL Croll, SM Bleckner, LL Brown, DS Stojadinovic, A AF Buckenmaier, C. C., III Shields, C. H. Auton, A. A. Evans, S. L. Croll, S. M. Bleckner, L. L. Brown, D. S. Stojadinovic, A. TI Continuous peripheral nerve block in combat casualties receiving low-molecular weight heparin SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA LA English DT Article DE anaesthesia, regional; blood,anticoagulants, low-molecular; weight heparin; blood, anticoagulants, enoxaparin (Lovenox (R)); complications, combat casualty; continuous peripheral nerve block ID LUMBAR PLEXUS BLOCK; REGIONAL-ANESTHESIA; RETROPERITONEAL HEMATOMA; NEURAXIAL ANESTHESIA AB Background. Continuous peripheral nerve block (CPNB) is an important therapeutic tool in the anaesthetic and analgesic management of combat casualties at Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC). We describe our experience using CPNB techniques in combat trauma patients treated with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Guidelines used at our institution for managing CPNB catheters in patients being treated with LMWH are introduced. Methods. From March 2003 to April 2005, 187 combat casualties treated by the WRAMC regional anaesthesia/acute pain section using CPNB were evaluated retrospectively by electronic chart review. Patient characteristic data, CPNB type, duration of CPNB, indication for LMWH [enoxaparin sodium injection (Lovenox((R))-Sanofi Aventis, Bridgewater, NJ, USA)], enoxaparin dose (mg) before and after catheter insertion and removal, time from CPNB placement and removal to enoxaparin dose, and complications were recorded. Results. Median enoxaparin dose and time given before catheter insertion were 30 mg and 21 h, respectively. Median enoxaparin dose was also 30 mg given a median of 12 h after peripheral nerve catheter placement. Catheters remained in situ for a median of 8 days (range 1-33 days). Catheter specific complications were infrequent and identified in 7 (3.7%) patients (two catheter malfunction-kinking, catheter tip dislodgement in situ, two superficial catheter site infections and two catheter dislocations). There were no catheter-related bleeding complications evident in this study. Conclusions. Information regarding the safety of CPNB in patients treated with LMWH for perioperative venous thromboembolism prevention is scarce. Our initial experience with CPNB and concurrent LMWH has not been complicated by catheter-related bleeding. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Anesthesia & Operat Serv, Army Reg Anesthesia & Pain Management Initiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Buckenmaier, CC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Anesthesia & Operat Serv, Army Reg Anesthesia & Pain Management Initiat, Bldg 2,Ward 44,Room 4418,6900 Georgia Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM chester.buckenmaier@na.amedd.army.mil NR 14 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0007-0912 J9 BRIT J ANAESTH JI Br. J. Anaesth. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 97 IS 6 BP 874 EP 877 DI 10.1093/bja/ael269 PG 4 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 108NP UT WOS:000242246800021 PM 17032662 ER PT J AU Schiffman, JM Luchies, CW Piscitelle, L Hasselquist, L Gregorczyk, KN AF Schiffman, Jeffrey M. Luchies, Carl W. Piscitelle, Louis Hasselquist, Leif Gregorczyk, Karen N. TI Discrete bandwidth visual feedback increases structure of output as compared to continuous visual feedback in isometric force control tasks SO CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE submaximal strength; fractal analysis; complexity ID CONTROL ABILITIES; OLD ADULTS; MUSCLE; YOUNG; COACTIVATION; INFORMATION; COMPLEXITY; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; DISEASE AB Background. Performance variability measures provide a partial picture of force control ability. Nonlinear analyses can reveal important information related to the randomness and complexity of the data, providing a more complete picture of the physiological process. Methods. We investigated the effects of visual feedback on the structure and performance of the force output from isometric force control tasks. Twelve young volunteers completed isometric force control tasks using two types of visual feedback: discrete bandwidth (+/- 4% maximal voluntary contraction) and continuous line matching. We determined force signal variability (standard deviation), self-similarity (fractal dimension), and complexity (approximate entropy). Analyses of variance (feedback x muscle group x force level) were conducted and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Findings. The force signal in discrete bandwidth feedback, compared to continuous line matching, had significantly a higher standard deviation (P=.000): 2.18 N in (SD 1.98) vs. 0.99 N in (SD 0.91); lower fractal dimension (P=.000): 1.07 (SD 0.04) vs. 1.16 (SD 0.04); and lower approximate entropy (P=.000): 0.12 (SD 0.07) vs. 0.26 (SD 0.09). Interpretation. The greater self-similarity (lower fractal dimension) and greater regularity (lower approximate entropy) of the discrete bandwidth, compared to the continuous line matching, may indicate a process that required more kinesthetic (intrinsic) feedback to modulate force. Clinicians may choose to employ visual feedback paradigms that target the use of intrinsic feedback during rehabilitatiom Discrete bandwidth feedback may be useful for delineating impairments in motor skill and measuring outcomes of intervention programs. (c) 2006, Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, C1 USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Mech Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Schiffman, JM (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, 45 Kansas St,Bldg 3,Rm R307, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Jeffrey.Schiffman@natick.Army.mil NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-0033 J9 CLIN BIOMECH JI Clin. Biomech. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1042 EP 1050 DI 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2006.05.009 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Engineering; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 108MN UT WOS:000242244000006 PM 16942820 ER PT J AU Punch, GE Burtis, MT Brown, JM AF Punch, Gregory E. Burtis, Michael T. Brown, Jerry M. TI Incidental detection of previously undiagnosed primary breast carcinoma with a gallium-67 scan performed for evaluation of occult infection SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE gallium-67; pyelonephritis; cerebral infarction; breast adenocarcinoma ID ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; GALLIUM; SCINTIGRAPHY; CITRATE AB A 63-year-old female patient with a recent left posterior cerebral artery infarction and pyelonephritis presented with persistent fevers despite adequate intravenous antibiotic therapy. Whole-body gallium-67 scintigraphy was performed to evaluate for occult infection. Tracer accumulated bilaterally in the kidneys consistent with the previously diagnosed pyelonephritis. Relatively intense uptake was also noted in the area of a known occipitoparietal infarct. Incidentally noted was an abnormal focus of increased tracer uptake in the retroareolar region of the right breast. Subsequent guided core biopsy of the right breast mass demonstrated a previously undiagnosed invasive ductal carcinoma. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM jerry.brown@amedd.army.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 12 BP 817 EP 819 DI 10.1097/01.rlu.0000247745.19585.e3 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 111UU UT WOS:000242481400020 PM 17117084 ER PT J AU Cooper, DB Ales, G Lange, C Clement, P AF Cooper, Douglas B. Ales, Gregory Lange, Christopher Clement, Pamelia TI Atypical onset of symptoms in Huntington disease: Severe cognitive decline preceding chorea or other motor manifestations SO COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Huntington disease; early clinical signs; cognitive dysfunction ID CARRIERS; GENE; PROGRESSION AB Objective: To describe the onset of Huntington disease (HD) in a patient with atypical progression of symptoms. Background: The authors report the case of a 39-year-old man with severe cognitive impairment and diffuse cortical atrophy before the onset of motor manifestations or symptoms of an extrapyramidal movement disorder. Method: Clinical examinations, neuropsychologic assessments, magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalogram, and genetic testing were conducted. Results and Conclusions: Although HD was eventually confirmed through genetic testing, chorea was not part of the clinical picture until well after the patient had developed a frank dementia, with a decline in global intellectual functioning, memory deficits, slowed information processing speed, and executive dysfunction. This case indicates HD may present with atypical clinical features in the early course of the disease, and warrants diagnostic consideration in patients with early dementia of unknown etiology. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Behav Med, Neuropsychol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Neurol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Darnall Army Community Hosp, Psychiat Serv, Ft Hood, TX USA. RP Cooper, DB (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Behav Med, Neuropsychol Serv, Bldg 3600,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM douglas.cooper2@amedd.army.mil NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1543-3633 J9 COGN BEHAV NEUROL JI Cogn. Behav. Neurol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 19 IS 4 BP 222 EP 224 DI 10.1097/01.wnn.0000213917.10514.1e PG 3 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 120AF UT WOS:000243054900010 PM 17159620 ER PT J AU Zhou, FP Kuentzer, N Simacek, P Advani, SG Walsh, S AF Zhou, Fuping Kuentzer, Nina Simacek, Pavel Advani, Suresh G. Walsh, Shawn TI Analytic characterization of the permeability of dual-scale fibrous porous media SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE short fiber composites; fiber tows; fabrics/textiles; modeling; permeability; resin transfer molding (RTM); Dual Scale porosity; Darcy's law; analytical model ID TRANSFER MOLDING PROCESS; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; UNSATURATED FLOW; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; VOID FORMATION; PREFORMS; RTM; WOVEN; MODEL; PREDICTION AB It has been known for some time now that fabrics that contain fiber tows, which are bundles of thousands of aligned fiber filaments, can be represented as dual-scale porous media; these tows are woven or stitched together and the flow through the resulting fabrics can be modeled to account for the delayed impregnation of tows, which draw fluid away from the advancing flow front. From such flow simulations, one can predict not only the macroflow front, but also the saturation of the fiber tows, as well as determine the partially-saturated region. The simulations require one to input two material parameters to quantify the two distinct length scales of the porous media: the bulk permeability, which characterizes the overall resistance to the flow, and the tow permeability, which is the resistance to the flow within the tow and is related to the saturation of the fiber tows. Techniques to characterize the bulk permeability are well established and can be performed in one, two, and three dimensions; however, methods to measure tow permeability are sparse. Hence, an analytical model is developed to characterize both permeability values: the bulk permeability (K) and the fiber tow permeability (K-t) from a one-dimensional constant flow rate experiment in which the inlet pressure profile during the filling is recorded. These two permeability values determine the time scales of resin impregnation in between the fiber tows and within the fiber tows thus playing an important role in the decision process of how long to leave the resin injection gate open to ensure filling of the fiber tows. For dual-scale preforms, the inlet pressure profile for a constant rate injection is not only dependant on the structure of the preform and fluid viscosity, but also on the mold length. If the mold is sufficiently long, it can be mathematically proven that the partially-saturated region is constant. Examination of the solution also reveals that the partially-saturated length increases as the bulk permeability increases and as the tow permeability decreases. The analytical methodology is demonstrated by characterizing four different fabrics. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Advani, SG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM advani@me.udel.edu NR 49 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 66 IS 15 BP 2795 EP 2803 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.02.025 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 100FW UT WOS:000241654500021 ER PT J AU Black, IH Terrazas, IB Scherer, MR Cortez, DS Delgado, AV Grathwohl, KW AF Black, Ian H. Terrazas, Irasema B. Scherer, Michael R. Cortez, Douglas S. Delgado, Angel V. Grathwohl, Kurt W. TI Respiratory acidosis may not affect coagulation. SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY FEB 18-21, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Crit Care Med C1 USA, Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 12 SU S SI SI MA 130 BP A31 EP A31 DI 10.1097/00003246-200612002-00111 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 112PZ UT WOS:000242540400112 ER PT J AU Martini, WZ Dubick, M Holcomb, J AF Martini, Wenjun Z. Dubick, Michael Holcomb, John TI Evaluation of tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (THAM) on reversing coagulation abnormalities caused by acidosis in pigs. SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY FEB 18-21, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Crit Care Med C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 12 SU S SI SI MA 408 BP A113 EP A113 DI 10.1097/00003246-200612002-00389 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 112PZ UT WOS:000242540400388 ER PT J AU Pidcoke, HF Wolf, SE Wade, CE Wang, JJ Holcomb, JB Wanek, SM AF Pidcoke, Heather F. Wolf, Steven E. Wade, Charles E. Wang, JingJing Holcomb, John B. Wanek, Sandra M. TI Critically injured patients demonstrate counter-regulatory mechanisms against hypoglycemia in the presence of intensive insulin therapy. SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY FEB 18-21, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Crit Care Med C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, USA, Inst Surg Res Burn Unit, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 12 SU S SI SI MA 254 BP A67 EP A67 DI 10.1097/00003246-200612002-00235 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 112PZ UT WOS:000242540400234 ER PT J AU Griffith, ME Hospenthal, DR Murray, CK AF Griffith, Matthew E. Hospenthal, Duane R. Murray, Clinton K. TI Antimicrobial therapy of leptospirosis SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE antimicrobials; leptospirodid; treatment ID CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DOXYCYCLINE; AGENTS; PENICILLIN; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; EFFICACY; AMPICILLIN; HAMSTERS; SEROVARS; GROWTH AB Purpose of review Leptospirosis is an important but often overlooked zoonotic disease that can cause significant morbidity and mortality. The optimal antimicrobial treatment for this disease has not been established. This review summarizes the most recent literature pertaining to the use of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of leptospirosis. Recent findings Leptospira are highly susceptible to a wide variety of antimicrobials in vitro. Despite this, it is not clear what the best choice of antimicrobial agents is for human disease. Based on the best available literature, the current choices of treatment for leptospirosis include pencillin, doxycyclin, cefotamine, ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Penicillin has long been considered the treatment of choice. Doxycycline is a reasonable alternative, but concerns exist regarding its use in all patients. Recent trials have demonstrated that cefotaxime and ceftriaxone are also acceptable agents. For a variety of reasons, these may be the preferred agents at this time. Azithomycin appears promising for the treatment of less severe disease. Another option for treating leptospirosis is the fluoroquinolone antimicrobials, although adequate human trials are lacking to fully support their use. Summary Leptospirosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite this, the optimal treatment is not fully defined. C1 USA, Infect Dis Serv, MCHE MDI, Brooke Army Med Ctr,Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), USA, Infect Dis Serv, MCHE MDI, Brooke Army Med Ctr,Dept Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM clinton.murray@amedd.army.mil NR 35 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 19 IS 6 BP 533 EP 537 DI 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3280106818 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 112GI UT WOS:000242513400001 PM 17075327 ER PT J AU Tam, CC Elston, DM AF Tam, Christine C. Elston, Dirk M. TI Allergic contact dermatitis caused by white petrolatum on damaged skin SO DERMATITIS LA English DT Article ID SENSITIZATION; YELLOW AB Petrolatum rarely causes hypersensitivity reactions. We report a case of a 51-year-old white man with allergic contact dermatitis due to white petrolatum on damaged skin. The patient, who presented with a history of hand dermatitis and intolerance to ointments for years, was patch-tested with White petrolatum on scratched skin. Patch tests with the European Standard series, preservatives, steroids, vehicles, and emulsifiers were also performed. The patch-test reaction to white petrolatum on scratched skin was positive at 48 and 96 hours. All other patch-test results were negative. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Tam, CC (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1710-3568 J9 DERMATITIS JI Dermatitis PD DEC PY 2006 VL 17 IS 4 BP 201 EP 203 DI 10.2310/6620.2006.06010 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 125VH UT WOS:000243470800006 PM 17150171 ER PT J AU Clelland, JN Moseley, CG AF Clelland, Jeanne N. Moseley, Christopher G. TI Sub-Finsler geometry in dimension three SO DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE sub-Finsler geometry; optimal control theory; exterior differential systems; Cartan's method of equivalence AB We define the notion of sub-Finsler geometry as a natural generalization of sub-Riemannian geometry with applications to optimal control theory. We compute a complete set of local invariants, geodesic equations, and the Jacobi operator for the three-dimensional case and investigate, homogeneous examples. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Moseley, CG (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Jeanne.Clelland@colorado.edu; Chris.Moseley@usma.edu OI Clelland, Jeanne/0000-0001-8130-8696 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-2245 J9 DIFFER GEOM APPL JI Differ. Geom. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 BP 628 EP 651 DI 10.1016/j.difgeo.2006.04.005 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 122VE UT WOS:000243254400006 ER PT J AU Markel, H Stern, AM Navarro, JA Michalsen, JR Monto, AS DiGiovanni, C AF Markel, Howard Stern, Alexandra M. Navarro, J. Alexander Michalsen, Joseph R. Monto, Arnold S. DiGiovanni, Cleto, Jr. TI Nonpharmaceutical influenza mitigation strategies, US communities, 1918-1920 pandemic SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB We studied non pharmaceutical interventions used to mitigate the second, and most deadly, wave of the 1918-1920 influenza pandemic in the United States. We conclude that several small communities implemented potentially successful attempts at preventing the introduction of influenza. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Dept Def, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Markel, H (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM howard@umich.edu NR 19 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1961 EP 1964 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 109IR UT WOS:000242301900026 PM 17326953 ER PT J AU Hromadka, T AF Hromadka, Ted TI Complex variable boundary element method - Preface SO ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. RP Hromadka, T (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM ted@phdphdphd.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-7997 J9 ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM JI Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1019 EP 1019 DI 10.1016/j.enganabound.2006.08.001 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 118MR UT WOS:000242946900001 ER PT J AU Whitley, RJ Hromadka, TV AF Whitley, R. J. Hromadka, T. V., II TI Theoretical developments in the complex variable boundary element method SO ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE CVBEM; numerical solutions to Dirichlet problems; complex variable approximate methods AB A review is given of complex variable based numerical solutions, CVBEM methods, for Dirichlet potential problems in two and higher dimensions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 United States Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10096 USA. RP Whitley, RJ (reprint author), POB 11133, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. EM rwhitley@math.uci.edu; ted@phdphdphd.com NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-7997 J9 ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM JI Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1020 EP 1024 DI 10.1016/j.enganabound.2006.08.002 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 118MR UT WOS:000242946900002 ER PT J AU Huber, M Hickman, R AF Huber, Michael Hickman, Randal TI A scheme to randomly generate surface dust points for the 3D complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) SO ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE Complex Variable Boundary Element Method (CVBEM); dust points; global trial function AB A scheme to randomly generate dust points on the surface of a three-dimensional (31)) object is proposed. This scheme will potentially eliminate the bias of a density of points which are approximately equally spaced on the surface, as well as eliminate possible weighting requirements for areas of higher density. This method has the potential to reduce computational effort, as fewer points might be required to define the surface area. The global trial function vector can be assigned to these dust points and then entered into the complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) commercial code. This scheme can be applied to each piece of a system that is comprised of a connected multiple geometry. A noticeable benefit of this approach is that the same problem can be studied several times, using a new random distribution of surface points each time. The smallest error can then be determined and that run selected. The Mathematica code used to generate the scheme is attached as an appendix. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Muhlenberg Coll, Dept Math Sci, Allentown, PA 18104 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Huber, M (reprint author), Muhlenberg Coll, Dept Math Sci, 2400 Chew St, Allentown, PA 18104 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-7997 J9 ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM JI Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1025 EP 1029 DI 10.1016/j.enganabound.2006.04.011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 118MR UT WOS:000242946900003 ER PT J AU Linkov, I Satterstrom, FK Kiker, G Batchelor, C Bridges, T Ferguson, E AF Linkov, I. Satterstrom, F. K. Kiker, G. Batchelor, C. Bridges, T. Ferguson, E. TI From comparative risk assessment to multi-criteria decision analysis and adaptive management: Recent developments and applications SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE comparative risk assessment; decision analysis; adaptive management; risk analysis; sediments ID ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION PROJECTS; DREDGED MATERIAL MANAGEMENT; ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES; STAKEHOLDER VALUES; COASTAL MANAGEMENT; FOREST MANAGEMENT AB Environmental risk assessment and decision-making strategies over the last several decades have become increasingly more sophisticated, information-intensive, and complex, including such approaches as expert judgment, cost-benefit analysis, and toxicological risk assessment. One tool that has been used to support environmental decision-making is comparative risk assessment (CRA), but CRA lacks a structured method for arriving at an optimal project alternative. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) provides better-supported techniques for the comparison of project alternatives based on decision matrices, and it also provides structured methods for the incorporation of project stakeholders' opinions in the ranking of alternatives. We argue that the inherent uncertainty in our ability to predict ecosystem evolution and response to different management policies requires shifting from optimization-based management to an adaptive management paradigm. This paper brings together a multidisciplinary review of existing decision-making approaches at regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe and synthesizes state-of-the-art research in CRA, MCDA, and adaptive management methods applicable to environmental remediation and restoration projects. We propose a basic decision analytic framework that couples MCDA with adaptive management and its public participation and stakeholder value elicitation methods, and we demonstrate application of the framework to a realistic case study based on contaminated sediment management issues in the New York/New Jersey Harbor. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Interox Inc, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. Cambridge Environm Inc, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Linkov, I (reprint author), Interox Inc, 83 Winchester St,Suite 1, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. EM ilinkov@intertox.com NR 166 TC 194 Z9 208 U1 11 U2 128 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1072 EP 1093 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2006.06.013 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 115HH UT WOS:000242724900015 PM 16905190 ER PT J AU Yoo, LJ Lotufo, GR Gibson, AB Steevens, JA Sims, JG AF Yoo, Leslie J. Lotufo, Guilherme R. Gibson, Alfreda B. Steevens, Jeffery A. Sims, Jerre G. TI Toxicity and bioaccumulation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; fathead minnow; toxicity; bioaccumulation ID TRINITROTOLUENE TNT; FISH; FATE; DEGRADATION; EXPOSURE; RAT AB Few studies have determined the toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of explosive compounds in freshwater fish. In the present study, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to a range of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) concentrations (0.44-44 mu mol/L [0.1-10 mg/L] and 4.4-22.0 mu mol/L [1.0-5.0 mg/L] in 4- and 10-d experiments, respectively). Median lethal concentrations of 11.93 mu mol/L (2.7 mg/L; 95% confidence limit [CL], 10.29-13.83 mu mol/L) and 9.68 mu mol/L (2.20 mg/L; 95% CL, 9.17-10.22 mu mol/L) were calculated in the 4- and 10-d experiments, respectively, and median lethal body residue of 101.0 mu mol/kg (95% CL, 86.0-118.7 mu mol/kg) was calculated in 4-d experiments. To study bioaccumulation, fish were exposed to 4.4 mu mol/L (I mg/L) of TNT for 12 h. Rapid bioaccumulation of TNT occurred within the first 10 min of exposure (k(u) = 30.4 L/kg/h). Elimination of Sigma TNT (molar sum of TNT and degradation products 2- and 4-aminodinitrotoluenes) was fast, with an elimination rate (k(e)) of 2.24/h and a short half-life (0.31 h). The bioconcentration factors determined using 6-h mean tissue and water concentrations of Sigma TNT were 8.40 and 4.68 L/kg for the uptake experiment and the uptake portion of the elimination experiments, respectively. To determine the target organ for TNT in fish, juvenile fathead minnow were exposed to 2.2 mu mol/L (0.5 mg/L) of [C-14]TNT for 10 d. Radiolabeled compounds primarily bioaccumulated in the visceral tissues and spleen in comparison to gill, brain, muscle, and remainder tissue groups. The present study demonstrates the low bioaccumulation potential and rapid uptake of TNT in the fathead minnow. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Steevens, JA (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM jeffery.a.steevens@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 12 BP 3253 EP 3260 DI 10.1897/06-067R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 105RM UT WOS:000242050000022 PM 17220096 ER PT J AU Sallenger, AH Stockdon, HF Fauver, L Hansen, M Thompson, D Wright, CW Lillycrop, J AF Sallenger, Asbury H. Stockdon, Hilary F. Fauver, Laura Hansen, Mark Thompson, David Wright, C. Wayne Lillycrop, Jeff TI Hurricanes 2004: An overview of their characteristics and coastal change SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE TOPOGRAPHIC LIDAR; BEACH CHANGES AB Four hurricanes battered the state of Florida during 2004, the most affecting any state since Texas endured four in 1884. Each of the storms changed the coast differently. Average shoreline change within the right front quadrant of hurricane force winds varied from I in of shoreline advance to 20 in of retreat, whereas average sand volume change varied from 11 to 66 m(3) m(-1) of net loss (erosion). These changes did not scale simply with hurricane intensity as described by the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The strongest storm of the season, category 4 Hurricane Charley, had the least shoreline retreat. This was likely because of other factors like the storm's rapid forward speed and small size that generated a lower storm surge than expected. Two of the storms, Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne, affected nearly the same area on the Florida east coast just 3 wk apart. The first storm, Frances, although weaker than the second, caused greater shoreline retreat and sand volume erosion. As a consequence, Hurricane Frances may have stripped away protective beach and exposed dunes to direct wave attack during Jeanne, although there was significant dune erosion during both storms. The maximum shoreline change for all four hurricanes occurred during Ivan on the coasts of eastern Alabama and the Florida Panhandle. The net volume change across a barrier island within the Ivan impact zone approached zero because of massive overwash that approximately balanced erosion of the beach. These data from the 2004 hurricane season will prove useful in developing new ways to scale and predict coastal-change effects during hurricanes. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. USA, Engineer Dist Mobile, Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Tech Ctr Expertis, Mobile, AL 36602 USA. RP Stockdon, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM hstockdon@usgs.gov OI Stockdon, Hilary/0000-0003-0791-4676 NR 25 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 22 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6A BP 880 EP 888 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 133JS UT WOS:000244009800002 ER PT J AU Zhu, KM Hunter, S Payne-Wilks, K Sutcliffe, C Bentley, C Roland, CL Williams, SM AF Zhu, KM Hunter, S Payne-Wilks, K Sutcliffe, C Bentley, C Roland, CL Williams, SM TI Potential differences in breast cancer risk factors based on CYP1A1 MspI and African-American-specific genotypes SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-A; WHITE WOMEN; FOOD GROUPS; POLYMORPHISMS; GENE; MICRONUTRIENTS; CONSUMPTION; DIET; METABOLISM; FOLATE AB Objectives: Recent studies show that an Mspl polymorphism in the 3'-noncoding region of the CYP1A1 gene is associated with breast cancer in African-American women but not in Caucasian women. in addition, an African-American-specific (AAS) polymorphism is located in intron 7 of this gene. We hypothesized that the AAS polymorphism may partially account for this race-specific association and that different environmental risk factor profiles are a function of genotype Status. We studied both CYP1A1 polymorphisms to determine if African-American women with these variants have breast cancer risk factor profiles that are different from those of other African-American women. Methods: A case-control analysis was concluded. Cases were 304 African-American patients pathologically diagnosed with breast cancer from 1995 to 1998 who lived in three Tennessee counties. Controls were 305 African-American women without breast cancer, selected through random-digit dialing acid frequency matched to cases by age a id County. Information on risk factors was collected through telephone interviews. Tumor tissue samples were collected for CYP1A1 genotyping. There were 215 and 188 cases with the Mspl and AAS polymorphisms measured respectively. Results: Our study results suggest that. some risk factors for breast cancer are dependent upon CYP1A1 genotype. Specifically, low intakes of folate, methionine, vitamin C, and vitamin E appear to increase the risk of breast cancer in individuals with the AAS variant: the odds ratio (OR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals were 2.10 and 0.99-4.44 for folate, 1.96 and 0.91-4.23 for methionine, 2.13 and 1.00-4.53 for vitamin C, and 2.43 and 1.12-5.25 for vitamin E. Such associations are stronger for tumors with both AAS and Mspl polymorphisms: the OR estimates increased to > 6.00 for all these variables except for vitamin C. Conclusions: This study found that methyl-deficient diets and antioxidant vitamins may be related to the risk of breast cancer as a function of the Mspl and AAS genotpyes. Our results are preliminary because of a small number of cases with polymorphisms at both sites, but they indicate the need for large-scale epidemiologic studies of both African-American and Caucasian women that include genotype information. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, US Mil Canc Inst, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Meharry Med Coll, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Hershey, PA USA. RP Zhu, KM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, US Mil Canc Inst, Bldg 1,Suite A-109,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM kangmin.zhu@na.amedd.army.mil RI Williams, Scott/B-9491-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [2M01-RR000095-43] NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 207 EP 215 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 005RH UT WOS:000234841000032 PM 16599372 ER PT J AU Lemley, F Berlet, G Hill, K Philbin, T Isaac, B Lee, T AF Lemley, Frederick Berlet, Gregory Hill, Keith Philbin, Terrance Isaac, Brian Lee, Thomas TI Current concepts review: Tarsal coalition SO FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review ID SYMPTOMATIC TALOCALCANEAL COALITION; SPASTIC FLAT FOOT; EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS; CALCANEONAVICULAR COALITION; SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; MIDDLE FACET; FOLLOW-UP; RESECTION; JOINT; INTERPOSITION C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Orthoped Surg, Orthoped Foot & Ankle Ctr, Columbus, OH 43231 USA. Syracuse Orthoped Specialists, Syracuse, NY USA. DD Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. Cent Alberta Med Imaging Serv, Red Deer, AB, Canada. RP Berlet, G (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Orthoped Surg, Orthoped Foot & Ankle Ctr, 6200 Cleveland Ave,Suite 100, Columbus, OH 43231 USA. EM gberlet@aol.com NR 55 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC FOOT & ANKLE SOC, INC PI SEATTLE PA 2517 EASTLAKE AVE EAST, STE 200, SEATTLE, WA 98102 USA SN 1071-1007 J9 FOOT ANKLE INT JI Foot Ankle Int. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1163 EP 1169 PG 7 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 116VU UT WOS:000242832400029 PM 17207452 ER PT J AU Driskell, JE Goodwin, GF Salas, E O'Shea, PG AF Driskell, James E. Goodwin, Gerald F. Salas, Eduardo O'Shea, Patrick Gavan TI What makes a good team player? Personality and team effectiveness SO GROUP DYNAMICS-THEORY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Review DE personality; teams; team work ID JOB-PERFORMANCE; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; DECISION-MAKING; COGNITIVE-ABILITY; 5-FACTOR MODEL; EXPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE; GROUP COHESIVENESS; CREW COORDINATION; NARROW TRAITS AB Good team players are often defined in trait terms; that is, they are described as dependable, flexible, or cooperative. Our goal is to examine the relationship between team member personality traits and team effectiveness. However, to understand the effects of personality on team performance requires greater specificity in how personality is described and in how team effectiveness is described. A hierarchical model of team member personality is presented that defines higher-level personality traits and specific facets relevant to team performance. Next, a classification of the core teamwork dimensions underlying effective team performance is presented. Finally, predictions are derived linking team member personality facets to specific teamwork requirements. C1 Florida Maxima Corp, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. USA, Res Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Human Resources Res Org, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Driskell, JE (reprint author), Florida Maxima Corp, 507 N New York Ave,R-1, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM jdriskell@rollins.edu NR 134 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 53 PU EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1089-2699 J9 GROUP DYN-THEOR RES JI Group Dyn.-Theory Res. Pract. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 10 IS 4 BP 249 EP 271 DI 10.1037/1089-2699.10.4.249 PG 23 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 117NG UT WOS:000242879400001 ER PT J AU Geirhofer, S Tong, L Sadler, BM AF Geirhofer, Stefan Tong, Lang Sadler, Brian M. TI Moment estimation and dithered quantization SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE distributed estimation; method of moments; polarity-coincidence; quantization AB This letter examines the influence of low-bit quantization on moment estimators with special emphasis on the 1-bit case. Moment estimators are especially useful if no prior knowledge on the distribution of the observations is available or if an ML approach is analytically intractable or computationally infeasible. In order to arrive at analytical results for this very general case, we focus on a dithered quantization scheme that allows us to specify and analyze its asymptotic behavior. We show that consistency can be retained under mild conditions, and furthermore; we quantify the asymptotic variance. Additionally, we illustrate how to find an estimator that achieves the best performance possible in this scenario. Finally, we bolster our analytical results with simulations for the illustrative case of an AR(1) process and provide a comparison with undithered schemes. A conclusion summarizes this letter's contribution and explores possible areas of application. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Geirhofer, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sg355@cornell.edu; lt35@cornell.edu; bsadler@arl.army.mil NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 13 IS 12 BP 752 EP 755 DI 10.1109/LSP.2006.879826 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 110PH UT WOS:000242390300010 ER PT J AU Tedesco, M Kim, EJ England, AW De Roo, RD Hardy, JP AF Tedesco, Marco Kim, Edward J. England, Anthony W. De Roo, Roger D. Hardy, Janet P. TI Brightness temperatures of snow melting/refreezing cycles: Observations and modeling using a multilayer dense medium theory-based model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX); dense medium theory; microwave emission; microwave radiometry; remote sensing; snow; wet snow ID DEPTH AB The ability of electromagnetic models to accurately predict microwave emission of a snowpack is complicated by the need to account for, among other things, nonindependent scattering by closely packed snow grains, stratigraphic variations, and the occurrence of wet snow. A multilayer dense medium model can account for the first two effects. While microwave remote sensing is well known to be capable of binary wet/dry discrimination, the ability to model brightness as a function of wetness opens up the possibility of ultimately retrieving a percentage wetness value during such hydrologically significant melting conditions. In this paper, the first application of a multilayer dense medium radiative transfer theory (DMRT) model is proposed to simulate emission from both wet and dry snow during melting and refreezing cycles. Wet snow is modeled as a mixture of ice particles surrounded by a thin film of water embedded in an air background. Melting/ refreezing cycles are studied by means of brightness temperatures at 6.7, 19, and 37 GHz recorded by the University of Michigan Truck-Mounted Radiometer System at the Local Scale Observation Site during the Cold Land Processes Experiment-1 in March 2003. Input parameters to the DMRT model are obtained from snow pit measurements carried out in conjunction with the microwave observations. The comparisons between simulated and measured brightness temperatures show that the electromagnetic model is able to reproduce the brightness temperatures with an average percentage error of 3% (similar to 8 K) and a maximum relative percentage error of around 8% (similar to 20 K). C1 Univ Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Tedesco, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mtedesco@umbc.edu RI De Roo, Roger/J-2208-2012; Tedesco, Marco/F-7986-2015 OI De Roo, Roger/0000-0001-8391-2950; NR 20 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2006 VL 44 IS 12 BP 3563 EP 3573 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.881759 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 110PL UT WOS:000242390700010 ER PT J AU Darwish, AM Boutros, K Luo, B Huebschman, BD Viveiros, E Hung, HA AF Darwish, Ali Mohamed Boutros, K. Luo, B. Huebschman, Benjamin D. Viveiros, E. Hung, H. Alfred TI AlGaN/GaN Ka-band 5-W MMIC amplifier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE GaN high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT); high power; Ka-band power amplifier (PA); millimeter-wave monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) ID THERMAL-RESISTANCE AB A broadband Ka-band AlGaN/GaN on SiC high electron-mobility transistor monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC) power amplifier was developed for millimeter-wave antenna applications. The 0.18-mu m gate two-stage 50-Omega matched MMIC produces 13 1 dB of gain from 26 to 36 GHz. At 35 GHz, the measured continuous wave (CW) saturated output power (P-out) was 4 W (5 W pulsed), indicating a CW power density of 3.3 W/mm (4.2 W/mm pulsed). The CW power-added efficiency was 23%. Across the band, the measured CW P-out was > 2 W (2.5 W pulsed). While individual (or partially matched single stage) devices have been demonstrated with good output power, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a 10-GHz-bandwidth Ka-band GaN MMIC with high output power and gain. A unique aspect of the design, contributing to the wide bandwidth, is the use of positive feedback in the first stage to increase the gain. RF power stress test and detailed investigation of the channel temperature effect are presented. A preliminary RF power stress test indicates a lifetime of 1000 h at 191 degrees C channel temperature, and elevated temperature operation indicates that P-out decreases by 0.013 dB/degrees C. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Rockwell Sci Co LLC, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Darwish, AM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ali@darwish.org; ahung@arl.army.mil NR 16 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 12 BP 4456 EP 4463 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2006.883599 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 118NM UT WOS:000242949000020 ER PT J AU Yang, J Kosinski, JA AF Yang, Jiashi Kosinski, John A. TI Perturbation analysis of frequency shifts in an electroelastic body under biasing fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS AB We analyze the eigenvalue problem associated with small-amplitude vibrations superposed on finite-biasing fields in an electroelastic body. The widely used first-order perturbation integral by Tiersten is generalized in two different ways: a second-order perturbation analysis is given when the biasing fields are not infinitesimal and their second order effects need to be considered; a first-order perturbation analysis is given when an eigenvalue is associated with more than one eigenvector (a degenerate eigenvalue). C1 Xiangtan Univ, Key Lab Adv Mat Rheol Properties, Minist Educ, Xiangtan 411105, Peoples R China. Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USA, RDECOM CERDEC, AMSRD CER IW DT, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), Xiangtan Univ, Key Lab Adv Mat Rheol Properties, Minist Educ, Xiangtan 411105, Peoples R China. EM jyang1@unl.edu NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 12 BP 2442 EP 2449 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.192 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 110PM UT WOS:000242390900026 PM 17186926 ER PT J AU Mikszta, JA Dekker, JP Harvey, NG Dean, CH Brittingham, JM Huang, J Sullivan, VJ Dyas, B Roy, CJ Ulrich, RG AF Mikszta, John A. Dekker, John P., III Harvey, Noel G. Dean, Cheryl H. Brittingham, John M. Huang, Joanne Sullivan, Vincent J. Dyas, Beverly Roy, Chad J. Ulrich, Robert G. TI Microneedle-based intradermal delivery of the anthrax recombinant protective antigen vaccine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINE; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION; CHALLENGE; INFLUENZA; CORRELATE; EFFICACY; IMMUNITY; RABBITS AB The recombinant protective antigen (rPA) of Bacillus anthracis is a promising anthrax vaccine. We compared serum immunoglobulin G levels and toxin-neutralizing antibody titers in rabbits following delivery of various doses of vaccine by microneedle-based intradermal (i.d.) delivery or intramuscular (i.m.) injection using conventional needles. Intradermal delivery required less antigen to induce levels of antibody similar to those produced via i.m. injection during the first 2 weeks following primary and booster inoculation. This dose-sparing effect was less evident at the later stages of the immune response. Rabbits immunized i.d. with 10 mu g of rPA displayed 100% protection from aerosol spore challenge, while i.m. injection of the same dose provided slightly lower protection (71%). Groups immunized with lower antigen doses were partially protected (13 to 29%) regardless of the mode of administration. Overall, our results suggest rPA formulated with aluminum adjuvant and administered to the skin by a microneedle-based device is as efficacious as i.m. vaccination. C1 BD Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Mikszta, JA (reprint author), BD Technol, 21 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM john_mikszta@bd.com NR 23 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 12 BP 6806 EP 6810 DI 10.1128/IAI.01210-06 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 109KX UT WOS:000242308100031 PM 17030580 ER PT J AU Butler, LK Hayden, TJ Romero, LM AF Butler, L. K. Hayden, T. J. Romero, L. M. TI Population differences in the onset and rate of prebasic molt in Black-capped and White-eyed Vireos SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. USA, Ctr Res & Dev, Champaign, IL USA. EM luke.butler@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E175 EP E175 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100696 ER PT J AU Butler, LK Hayden, TJ Bisson, I Wikelski, M Romero, LM AF Butler, L. K. Hayden, T. J. Bisson, I. Wikelski, M. Romero, L. M. TI Chronic stress and corticosterone: CORT response to seven days of rotating stressors in two free-living songbirds SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Medford, MA USA. USA, Engn Res& Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM luke.butler@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E20 EP E20 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100079 ER PT J AU Qing, XLP Chan, HL Beard, SJ Ooi, TK Marotta, SA AF Qing, Xinlin P. Chan, Hian-Leng Beard, Shawn J. Ooi, Teng K. Marotta, Stephen A. TI Effect of adhesive on the performance of piezoelectric elements used to monitor structural health SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES LA English DT Article DE adhesive; bonding; electromechanical impedance; piezoelectric element; structural health monitoring ID WAFER ACTIVE SENSORS; ACTUATOR; DAMAGE AB The effect of adhesive thickness and its modulus on the performance of adhesively bonded piezoelectric elements for the purpose of monitoring structural health has been experimentally investigated. All the piezoelectric elements were adhesively bonded to aluminum plates. Experimental results revealed that an increase in adhesive thickness alters the electromechanical impedance and the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric elements as well as the amplitude of the sensor signal. When the modulus is within a certain range, the modulus of adhesive slightly affects the impedance of PZT element and the amplitude of sensor signal at lower frequency, while at high frequency, the impedance response and sensor signal are more sensitive to the modulus of adhesive. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Acellent Technol Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. US Army Aviat & Missile Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. RP Qing, XLP (reprint author), Acellent Technol Inc, 155 C-3 Moffett Pk Dr, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. EM peter@acellent.com NR 14 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-7496 J9 INT J ADHES ADHES JI Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 8 BP 622 EP 628 DI 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2005.10.002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 088AD UT WOS:000240783000006 ER PT J AU Anderson, CE Orphal, DL Behner, T Hohler, V Templeton, DW AF Anderson, C. E. Orphal, D. L. Behner, T. Hohler, V. Templeton, D. W. TI Re-examination of the evidence for a failure wave in SiC penetration experiments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2005) CY OCT 09-13, 2005 CL Lake Tahoe, CA DE hypervelocity impact; failure waves; failure kinetics; strength effects; hydrodynamic limit ID LONG-ROD PENETRATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; TARGETS; IMPACT; MODEL AB Previous work suggested the possibility that the effects of a failure wave, evidenced through a change in the slope of the penetration velocity vs. impact velocity (u-v(p)) curve resulting from an increase in target penetration resistance, could be observed in penetration experiments of SiC. However, the previous work had to combine two different sets of experimental data, one using long tungsten rods and the other copper shaped-charge jets. A new set of experiments was conducted to address the uncertainties associated with combining the two disparate data sets. Analysis of the new experiments showed no evidence of a distinct change in the slope of the u-v(p) response of SiC, up to an impact velocity of 6.2 km/s. We reexamine the original data and analysis in light of the new experiments to understand the origins of the original misinterpretation. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Int Res Associates, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. Fraunhofer Inst Kurzzeitdynam, Ernst Mach Inst, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. USA, RDECOM, TACOM, AMST TRR, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Anderson, CE (reprint author), SW Res Inst, PO Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM canderson@swri.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1-12 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.09.051 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 128PF UT WOS:000243669400006 ER PT J AU Behner, T Orphal, DL Hohler, V Anderson, CE Mason, RL Templeton, DW AF Behner, T. Orphal, D. L. Hohler, V. Anderson, C. E., Jr. Mason, R. L. Templeton, D. W. TI Hypervelocity penetration of gold rods into SIGN for impact velocities from 2.0 to 6.2 km/s SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2005) CY OCT 09-13, 2005 CL Lake Tahoe, CA DE hypervelocity impact; long-rod penetration; failure waves; failure kinetics; silicon carbide ID LONG RODS AB This paper presents the experimental design and results of an advanced set of reverse ballistic experiments with long gold rods, impacting SiC-N ceramics at impact velocities from 2.0 to 6.2 km/s. Important issues for these experiments were the high accuracy and position requirements necessary to detect a possible failure wave or failure kinetics in SiC-ceramics as might be evidenced by a change in the slope of the penetration velocity-impact velocity curve. New and sophisticated evaluation methods were developed for this purpose and produced very reliable results. Analyses of the experimental results show clearly that there is no change in the slope of the penetration velocity-impact velocity curve, contrary to that inferred from previous data and analysis. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Fraunhofer Inst Kurzzeitdynam, Ernst Mach Inst, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Int Res Associates, Pleasanton, CA USA. USA, RDECOM, TACOM, AMST TRR, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Anderson, CE (reprint author), SW Res Inst, PO Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM canderson@swri.edu NR 10 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X EI 1879-3509 J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1-12 BP 68 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.09.082 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 128PF UT WOS:000243669400011 ER PT J AU Gold, VM Baker, EL Poulos, WJ Fuchs, BE AF Gold, V. M. Baker, E. L. Poulos, W. J. Fuchs, B. E. TI PAFRAG modeling of explosive fragmentation munitions performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2005) CY OCT 09-13, 2005 CL Lake Tahoe, CA DE fragmentation modeling; natural fragmentation; fragmentation munitions; warheads ID FRACTURE; IMPACT AB A technique for predicting performance of explosive fragmentation munitions presented in this work is based on integrating three-dimensional axisymmetric hydrocode analyses with analyses from a newly developed fragmentation computer code PAFRAG. The validation of the PAFRAG code fragmentation model was accomplished using the existing munition arena test data. After having established the crucial parameters of the model, a new explosive fragmentation munition was designed and optimized. Upon fabrication of the developed munition, the performance of the new charge was tested in a series of small-scale experiments including the flash radiography, the high-speed photography, and the sawdust fragment recovery. Considering relative simplicity of the model, the accuracy of the PAFRAG code predictions is rather remarkable. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, RDEC ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Gold, VM (reprint author), USA, RDEC ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM vgold@pica.army.mil NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1-12 BP 294 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.09.032 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 128PF UT WOS:000243669400033 ER PT J AU Walters, W Williams, C Normandia, M AF Walters, W. Williams, C. Normandia, M. TI An explicit solution of the Alekseevski-Tate penetration equations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2005) CY OCT 09-13, 2005 CL Lake Tahoe, CA DE penetration; Tate equations; perturbation theory; Alekseevski equations AB The Alekseevski-Tate equations are typically used to predict the penetration, penetration velocity, rod velocity, and rod length of long rod penetrators and similar projectiles impacting targets. These nonlinear equations were originally solved numerically and more recently by the exact analytical solution of Walters and Segletes. However, due to the nonlinear nature of the equations, the penetration was obtained implicitly as a function of time, so that an explicit functional dependence of the penetration on material properties was not obtained. The current paper obtains the velocities, length, and penetration as an explicit function of time by employing a perturbation solution of the nondimensional Alekseevski-Tate equations. Simple (algebraic) analytical equations are given. Perturbation solutions of the Alekseevski-Tate equations were first undertaken by Forrestal et al., up to the first-order, and good agreement with the exact solutions was shown for relatively short times. In retrospect, this solution was only valid for penetrators impacting weak targets. The current study obtains a third-order perturbation solution and includes both penetrator and target strength terms, and is applicable for strong targets. The paper compares the exact solution to the perturbation solutions, and a typical comparison between the exact and approximate solutions for a tungsten rod impacting a semi-infinite steel armor target is shown. Also, alternate ways are investigated to normalize the governing equations in order to obtain an optimum perturbation parameter. In most cases, the third-order perturbation solution shows good agreement with the exact solution of the Alekseevski-Tate equations. In addition, simple equations based on the first-order perturbation solution are presented, which are accurate for the perforation of finite thickness (short penetration time) targets. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, Terminal Effects Div, AMSRD,ARL,WM,TC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Ceradyne Inc, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. RP Walters, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Terminal Effects Div, AMSRD,ARL,WM,TC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM walters@arl.army.mil NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1-12 BP 837 EP 846 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.09.057 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 128PF UT WOS:000243669400080 ER PT J AU DiPaolo, BP Tom, JG AF DiPaolo, B. P. Tom, J. G. TI A study on an axial crush configuration response of thin-wall, steel box components: The quasi-static experiments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE axial crush; configuration response; thin-wall box components; steel; progressive collapse; plastic deformation; energy absorption; quasi-static experiments ID ALUMINUM EXTRUSIONS; ENERGY-ABSORPTION; STAINLESS-STEEL; TUBES; COLLAPSE; FOAM; COMPRESSION; SECTIONS; BEHAVIOR AB An experimental investigation was performed to study a specific axial crush configuration response of steel, square box components under quasi-static testing conditions. For a specific cross-sectional geometry/fabrication process, test specimens were obtained from commercially produced, welded tube lengths of ASTM A36 and ASTM A513 Type 1 plain low-carbon steels and AISI 316 and AISI 304 austenitic stainless steels. Removable grooved caps were used to constrain tube test specimen ends, and collapse initiators in the form of shallow machined grooves were used to control the initial transverse deformations of the test specimen sidewalls. The progressive plastic deformation for all of the test specimens was restricted to the prototype configuration response (fold formation process and the corresponding axial load-axial displacement curve shape) of the symmetric axial crush mode. Crush characteristics were evaluated and, for each material type, observed differences were less than 7% for maximum and minimum load magnitudes and less than 2% for energy absorption, displacement, and mean load quantities in both the initial phase and the secondary folding phase cycles. Overall, results of the study indicate that for a significant range of material strengths, a controlled and repeatable energy absorption process can be obtained for commercially produced steel box components undergoing symmetric axial crush response. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP DiPaolo, BP (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Beverly.P.DiPaolo@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 61 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 43 IS 25-26 BP 7752 EP 7775 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.03.028 PG 24 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 111BM UT WOS:000242425800019 ER PT J AU Yang, JS Yang, XM Turner, JA Kosinski, JA Pastore, RA Zhang, WP AF Yang, Jiashi Yang, Xiaomeng Turner, Joseph A. Kosinski, John A. Pastore, Robert A., Jr. Zhang, Weiping TI Effects of middle plane curvature on vibrations of a thickness-shear mode crystal resonator SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE resonator ID NORMAL ACCELERATION SENSITIVITY; CONTOURED QUARTZ RESONATORS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; FIELDS AB We study the effects of a small curvature of the middle plane of a thickness-shear mode crystal plate resonator on its vibration frequencies, modes and acceleration sensitivity. Two-dimensional equations for coupled thickness-shear, flexural and extensional vibrations of a shallow shell are used. The equations are simplified to a single equation for thickness-shear, and two equations for coupled thickness-shear and extension. Equations with different levels of coupling are used to study vibrations of rotated Y-cut quartz and langasite resonators. The influence of the middle plane curvature and coupling to extension is examined. The effect of middle plane curvature on normal acceleration sensitivity is also studied. It is shown that the middle plane curvature causes a frequency shift as large as 10(-8) g(-1) under a normal acceleration. These results have practical implications for the design of concave-convex and piano-convex resonators. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Engn Mech, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USA, CECOM, ATTN AMSEL, RD,IWS, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Engn Mech, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jyang1@unl.edu RI Turner, Joseph/F-5165-2010 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 43 IS 25-26 BP 7840 EP 7851 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.04.004 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 111BM UT WOS:000242425800024 ER PT J AU Lassman, T AF Lassman, Thomas TI Beam: The race to make the laser. SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Lassman, T (reprint author), USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD DEC PY 2006 VL 97 IS 4 BP 796 EP 797 DI 10.1086/512923 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 134JJ UT WOS:000244079000074 ER PT J AU Arroyo, MA Sateren, WB Serwadda, D Gray, RH Wawer, MJ Sewankambo, NK Kiwanuka, N Kigozi, G Wabwire-Mangen, F Eller, M Eller, LA Birx, DL Robb, ML McCutchan, FE AF Arroyo, Miguel A. Sateren, Warren B. Serwadda, David Gray, Ronald H. Wawer, Maria J. Sewankambo, Nelson K. Kiwanuka, Noah Kigozi, Godfrey Wabwire-Mangen, Fred Eller, Michael Eller, Leigh Anne Birx, Deborah L. Robb, Merlin L. McCutchan, Francine E. TI Higher HIV-1 incidence and genetic complexity along main roads in Rakai District, Uganda SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; molecular epidemiology; Uganda ID MBEYA REGION; DIVERSITY; TANZANIA; INFECTION; DYNAMICS; COHORT; RISK; RECOMBINANTS; PREVALENCE; SUBTYPES AB Objective: To determine the association between the incidence of HIV-1 infection and the genetic complexity of HIV-1 strains in 2 geographic strata within Rakai District, Uganda. Methods: Study volunteers with recent HIV-1 infections during the period 1997 through 2003 were recruited from 10 communities that were geographically stratified as a main road trading center (n = 5) or a secondary road trading village (n = 5). Cryopreserved plasma was available from 384 volunteers and was the source of viral RNA for genotyping by the multiregion hybridization assay. Hazard ratios (HRs) for a single HIV subtype, a recombinant form, or dual infection for gender and geographic strata were obtained using Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results: The HIV-1 incidence rate during the period 1999 through 2002 was 1.3 per 100 person-years (PYs) in the trading centers and 1.1 per 100 PYs in the trading villages. The HR for infection with an HIV-1 recombinant strain in trading centers relative to trading villages was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.0 to 6.7). Among those who changed residence between village strata, the HR for a recombinant HIV-1 infection was 8.1 (95% Cl: 0.4 to 47.7). Conclusions: HIV-1 incidence and genetic complexity are associated with geographic strata and population mobility in Rakai District and are important variables to be considered in planning and recruitment for vaccine trials. C1 USMHRP, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, USMHRP, Silver Spring, MD USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Retrovirol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Makerere Univ, Walter Reed Res Project, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Kampala, Uganda. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP McCutchan, FE (reprint author), USMHRP, Henry M Jackson Fdn, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM fmccutchan@hivresearch.org OI Sewankambo, Nelson/0000-0001-9362-053X; Arroyo, Miguel/0000-0001-7416-8867 NR 15 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 440 EP 445 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000243053.80945.f0 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 106VH UT WOS:000242129600010 PM 16980909 ER PT J AU Kocifaj, M Gangl, M Kundracik, F Horvath, H Videen, G AF Kocifaj, M. Gangl, M. Kundracik, F. Horvath, H. Videen, G. TI Simulation of the optical properties of single composite aerosols SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composite particles; optical characteristics; discrete dipole approximation; effective medium theory ID EFFECTIVE-MEDIUM APPROXIMATIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; AXISYMMETRICAL PARTICLES; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; URBAN AEROSOLS; MODELS; SPHERE; SHAPE AB The optical properties of composite particles are calculated by means of the discrete dipole approximation. In particular, efficiency factors for extinction' scattering and absorption, asymmetry parameter, linear polarization, and phase function S-11 are obtained for particles in which (a) the individual components of different materials are distributed randomly within the particle body, and (b) the individual constituents are not distributed randomly over the particle volume, but are clumped together into larger compact blocks. Particles are assumed to have non-spherical forms (ellipsoids, cuboids, and an irregular shape U2015B10 are discussed in detail). Computational results are compared to those obtained for homogeneous particles of the same morphology using an effective medium theory (EMT). The greatest discrepancies between the use of the homogeneous and the inhomogeneous particles are found for polarization when particle size is larger than the wavelength of incident radiation. An important finding for S-11 is that the particles built from compact homogeneous blocks contribute more efficiently to backscattering than other analyzed particles, leading to a consistently lower asymmetry parameter. The homogeneous particles scatter least in the backscatter region, resulting in the highest asymmetry parameters of the three classes of particles. We find that the internal heterogeneities and surface structure have a comparable effect on the asymmetry parameter. It is shown that the efficiency factor for scattering is reduced when the real material configuration is ignored and the optical properties are modeled using the EMT; however, the use of the EMT and homogeneity assumption leads to significantly increased absorption. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ICA, SAS, Bratislava 84503, Slovakia. Univ Vienna, Inst Expt Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Comenius Univ, Dept Expt Phys, FMPI, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, ISEE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kocifaj, M (reprint author), Astron Inst, Dept Interplanetary Matter, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava 84504, Slovakia. EM astromir@savba.sk NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1683 EP 1695 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2006.08.002 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 116DU UT WOS:000242783500004 ER PT J AU Rafuse, ES AF Rafuse, Ethan S. TI Commanding the Army of the Potomac. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Rafuse, ES (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 93 IS 3 BP 877 EP 878 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 161HX UT WOS:000246006500060 ER PT J AU Dobak, WA AF Dobak, William A. TI Frontier crossroads: Fort Davis and the west. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Dobak, WA (reprint author), USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 93 IS 3 BP 886 EP 887 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 161HX UT WOS:000246006500071 ER PT J AU Chang, Y Grein, CH Zhao, J Sivanathan, S Wang, CZ Aoki, T Smith, DJ Wijewarnasuriya, PS Nathan, V AF Chang, Yong Grein, C. H. Zhao, J. Sivanathan, S. Wang, C. Z. Aoki, T. Smith, David J. Wijewarnasuriya, P. S. Nathan, V. TI Improve molecular beam epitaxy growth of HgCdTe on CdZnTe (211)B substrates using interfacial layers of HgTe/CdTe superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MERCURY CADMIUM TELLURIDE; FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; HGTE/HGCDTE SUPERLATTICES; INFRARED DETECTORS; MID-WAVELENGTH; HG1-XCDXTE; EPILAYERS; DEFECTS; TEMPERATURE; TECHNOLOGY AB HgTe/CdTe superlattices (SLs) have been grown on CdZnTe (211)B substrates as interfacial layers to improve the reproducibility and material properties of epitaxial HgCdTe. The interfacial SL layer is found by transmission electron microscopy to be capable of smoothing out the substrate's surface roughness and to bend or block threading dislocations from propagating from the substrate into the functional HgCdTe epilayers. The best etch pit density values of 4x10(4) cm(-2) were achieved in long-wavelength infrared HgCdTe epilayers with such interfacial layers, while typical values were in the low 10(5) cm(-2) range. The recombination mechanisms in such layers were dominated by radiative and Auger intrinsic recombination mechanisms, whereas the contributions from the Shockley-Read-Hall mechanism become negligible, which demonstrated that the use of the SL interfacial layers was beneficial for HgCdTe growth using molecular beam epitaxy or MBE. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EI, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM yonchang@uic.edu RI Aoki, Toshihiro/I-4852-2015 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 11 AR 114316 DI 10.1063/1.2399890 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 117QG UT WOS:000242887400148 ER PT J AU Hommerich, U Brown, E Amedzake, P Trivedi, SB Zavada, JM AF Hommerich, U. Brown, E. Amedzake, P. Trivedi, S. B. Zavada, J. M. TI Mid-infrared (4.6 mu m) emission properties of Pr3+ doped KPb2Br5 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH IONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MU-M; TB3+-DOPED KPB2BR5; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; LASER; INTENSITIES; RBPB2BR5; ND3+; IR AB The mid-infrared (MIR) emission from Pr-doped KPb2Br5 was investigated for possible applications in solid-state lasers. Under optical pumping at 1.55 and 1.907 mu m, Pr-doped KPb2Br5 exhibited a broad MIR emission centered at 4.6 mu m, with a bandwidth of 0.9 mu m at full width half maximum. The dominant contribution of the MIR emission was assigned to the H-3(5)-> H-3(4) transition of Pr3+ ions. The decay time of the H-3(5) level was measured to be 26.5 ms at room temperature and remained nearly unchanged when cooling the sample to 77 K. Consistent with the energy-gap law, multiphonon emission quenching is expected to be small in Pr-doped KPb2Br5. A Judd-Ofelt analysis was performed and yielded a radiative lifetime of 40.7 ms for the H-3(5) level, which suggests a radiative quantum efficiency of similar to 65%. The slightly reduced quantum efficiency is most likely due to residual impurities in the crystal providing nonradiative relaxation channels. The peak emission cross section for the 4.6 mu m emission was calculated to be similar to 0.4x10(-20) cm(2), which compares favorable to other MIR laser transitions. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Brimrose Corp Amer, Baltimore, MD 21152 USA. USA, Res Off, Durham, NC 27709 USA. RP Hommerich, U (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM uwe.hommerich@hamptonu.edu NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 11 AR 113507 DI 10.1063/1.2399888 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 117QG UT WOS:000242887400041 ER PT J AU Carter, R Cheuvront, SN Vernieuw, CR Sawka, MN AF Carter, Robert, III Cheuvront, Samuel N. Vernieuw, Carrie R. Sawka, Michael N. TI Hypohydration and prior heat stress exacerbates decreases in cerebral blood flow velocity during standing SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluid balance; dehydration; brain blood flow; hypotension ID IMPROVES ORTHOSTATIC TOLERANCE; TILT BED REST; VASOVAGAL SYNCOPE; UP TILT; HUMANS; EXERCISE; OXYGENATION; INTOLERANCE; PRESSURE; AUTOREGULATION AB Hypohydration is associated with orthostatic intolerance; however, little is known about cerebrovascular mechanisms responsible. This study examined whether hypohydration reduces cerebral blood flow velocity.(CBFV) in response to an orthostatic challenge. Eight subjects completed four orthostatic challenges (temperate conditions) twice before (Pre-EU and Pre-Hyp) and following recovery from passive heat stress (similar to 3 h at 45 degrees C, 50% relative humidity, I m/s air speed) With (Post-EU) or without (Post-Hyp) fluid replacement of sweat losses (-3% body mass loss). Measurements included CBFV, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), end-tidal CO2, and core and skin temperatures. Test sessions included being seated (20 min) followed by standing (60 s) then resitting (60 s) with metronomic breathing (15 breaths/min). CBFV and MAP responses to standing were similar during Pre-EU and Pre-Hyp. Standing Post-Hyp exacerbated the magnitude (-28.0 +/- 1.4% of baseline) and duration (9.0 +/- 1.6 s) of CBFV reductions and increased cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) compared with Post-EU (-20.0 +/- 2.1% and 6.6 +/- 0.9 s). Standing Post-EU also resulted in a reduction in CBFV, and a smaller decrease in CVR compared with Pre-EU. MAP decreases were similar for Post-EU 18 +/- 4 mmHg) and Post-Hyp (-21 +/- 5 mmHg) from seated to standing. These data demonstrate that despite similar MAP decreases, hypohydration, and prior heat stress (despite apparent recovery) produce greater CBFV reduction when standing. These observations suggest that hypohydration and prior heat stress are associated with greater reductions in CBFV with greater CVR, which likely contribute to orthostatic intolerance. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Carter, R (reprint author), USARIEM Bldg,42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM robert.carteriii@us.army.mil NR 37 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1744 EP 1750 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00200.2006 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 112PF UT WOS:000242537900028 PM 16916922 ER PT J AU Germain, JL Hausenblas, HA AF Germain, Jesse L. Hausenblas, Heather A. TI The relationship between perceived and actual physical fitness: A meta-analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED SPORT PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELF-PERCEPTION PROFILE; HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS; POSITIVE ILLUSIONS; COMPETENCE; ABILITY; SCALE; PERFORMANCE; COMPONENTS; VALIDITY; ENHANCEMENT AB The purpose of our study was to meta-analytically estimate the relationship between actual and perceived fitness, and variables that may moderate this relationship (i.e., gender, age, and perceived fitness measure). Computer; hand, and journal literature searches identified 53 potential studies. On, review, 28 of these studies met the inclusion criteria of having a perceived and actual (i.e., objective) measure of physical fitness. Using random effects modeling procedures, we found a medium. mean effect size of 38 (N = 33 independent effect sizes, p <.001, Fail-Safe N = 4,654). Moderator analyses revealed that younger people had more accurate estimates of their fitness, and standardized perceived fitness measures had significantly larger effect sizes than unstandardized perceived fitness measures. In summary, men and women of all ages accurately perceived their fitness level, with larger effects evidenced for younger people and for studies that used standardized perceived fitness measures. Unfortunately, because most Americans are either low active or sedentary, their perceptions reveal that they are not fit. Research limitations and future directions are discussed. C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Hausenblas, HA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Appl Physiol & Kinesiol, FLG 146 POB 118205, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM heatherh@hhp.ufl.edu NR 57 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1041-3200 J9 J APPL SPORT PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Sport Psychol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 283 EP 296 DI 10.1080/10413200600944066 PG 14 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 115EI UT WOS:000242717200001 ER PT J AU Lucero, PF Nicholson, KL Haislip, GD Morris, MJ AF Lucero, Pedro F. Nicholson, Karin L. Haislip, Georgette D. Morris, Michael J. TI Increased airway hyperreactivity with the M40 protective mask in exercise-induced bronchospasm SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE exercise-induced bronchospasm; exercise testing; protective mask; airway hyperreactivity ID INDUCED ASTHMA; REACTION SEQUENCE; HEAT; OBSTRUCTION; METHACHOLINE; PREVALENCE; CHALLENGE; EQUIPMENT; RECRUITS AB Objective. Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) has a prevalence of 6% to 7% in United States Army personnel and 3% to 13% in professional athletes. There are reported concerns that military personnel with EIB will have increased airway hyperreactivity or significant dyspnea while wearing the standard military M40 protective mask. The objective of this study is to determine whether the M40 protective gas mask increases airway hyperreactivity in military personnel with exertional dyspnea and the diagnosis of EIB. Methods. Ten active duty military with EIB ( defined as history of exertional dyspnea, normal spirometry, and reactive methacholine challenge test) and 10 normal control subjects were evaluated. Both the participants and control subjects underwent baseline exercise challenge testing (ECT) with and without the M40 protective mask. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) ( percent predicted) post ECT was compared to baseline FEV1 within and between groups along with exercise time. Results. There was no statistical difference in between individuals and between groups wearing the M40 mask. None of the study group had a positive ECT exercising without the M40 mask while 20% of the study group with EIB had a positive ECT wearing the M40 mask. Conclusion. Military personnel with EIB who exercised with the M40 protective mask did not overall have significantly increased airway hyperreactivity compared to control subjects. Screening ECT may be beneficial in identifying those susceptible persons who report symptoms while wearing the M40 protective mask. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm Dis Crit Care Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pulm Dis Crit Care Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Morris, MJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm Dis Crit Care Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM michael.morris@amedd.army.mil NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PD DEC PY 2006 VL 43 IS 10 BP 759 EP 763 DI 10.1080/02770900601031706 PG 5 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 117IF UT WOS:000242865900008 PM 17169828 ER PT J AU East, EW Liu, LY AF East, E. William Liu, Liang Y. TI Multiproject planning and resource controls for facility management SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTION AB Facility managers face the challenges of managing many different types of small, geographically dispersed construction projects. Depending on the complexity and distribution of projects, the time required to prepare for production consumes a large percentage of the total time required to complete the job. Increasing crews' productive hours is a key objective when planning multiproject schedules. Existing methods, however, lack the effective means to explicitly model, analyze, and optimize resource utilization for these multiple concurrent projects. As a result, few facility managers fully exploit the potential to better manage their often limited budget and resources. This paper presents an explicit model of the mobilization requirements of multiple crews performing a variety of different activities over a geographic space. The model allows the facility manager to explicitly investigate the impact of crew composition, crew specialization, and depot locations. Using work rule decisions regarding alternative crew allocations, facility managers may dynamically allocate resources to optimize resources and to complete projects in a minimum amount of time. To verify and validate this new model, a computerized system, called FIRS (Facility/Infrastructure Resource Scheduler), was created to analyze the multiproject resource plans with data from two military organizations and a university campus. FIRS utilizes a new genetic algorithm that was developed specifically to work with multiproject scheduling. Using FIRS, facility managers can develop and test alternative crew allocations based on the qualifications of the crews available and the type of operation being performed. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP East, EW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. EM bill.east@us.army.mil; lliu1@uiuc.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9364 EI 1943-7862 J9 J CONSTR ENG M JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 132 IS 12 BP 1294 EP 1305 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2006)132:12(1294) PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 109KQ UT WOS:000242307200008 ER PT J AU Urban, AL Wilhelms, SC Gulliver, JS AF Urban, A. L. Wilhelms, S. C. Gulliver, J. S. TI Closure to "Decay of turbulence downstream of a stilling basin" by A.L. Urban, S.C. Wilhelms, and J.S. Gulliver SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 J2 Engn & Environm Design, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Urban, AL (reprint author), J2 Engn & Environm Design, 4649 E Cotton Gin Loop,Suite B2, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM aliciaurban@yahoo.corn; steven.c.wilhelms@erdc.usace.army.mil; gulli003@umn.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2006 VL 132 IS 12 BP 1362 EP 1362 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:12(1362) PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 111CO UT WOS:000242428800015 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, B Krishnan, S Tsokos, CG Robertson, JW Fisher, CU Nambiar, MP Tsokos, GC AF Chowdhury, Bhabadeb Krishnan, Sandeep Tsokos, Christos G. Robertson, James W. Fisher, Carolyn U. Nambiar, Madhusoodana P. Tsokos, George C. TI Stability and translation of TCR zeta mRNA are regulated by the adenosine-uridine-rich elements in splice-deleted 3 ' untranslated region of zeta-chain SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; 3' UNTRANSLATED REGION; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; T-CELL; DOWN-REGULATION; CD40 LIGAND; BINDING PROTEINS; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES; INCREASED EXPRESSION; TCR/CD3 COMPLEX AB Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) T cells display reduced expression of TCR zeta protein. Recently, we reported that in SLE T cells, the residual TCR zeta protein is predominantly derived from an alternatively spliced form that undergoes splice deletion of 562 nt (from 672 to 1233 bases) within the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of TCR mRNA. The. stability and translation of the alternatively spliced form of TCR zeta mRNA are low compared with that of the wild-type TCR zeta mRNA. We report that two adenosine-uridine-rich sequence elements (AREs), defined by the splice-deleted 3' UTR region, but not an ARE located upstream are responsible for securing TCR mRNA stability and translation. The stabilizing effect of the splice-deleted region-defined AREs extended to the luciferase mRNA and was not cell type-specific. The findings demonstrate distinct sequences within the splice-deleted region 672, to 1233 of the 3' UTR, which regulate the transcription, mRNA stability, and translation of TCR zeta mRNA. The absence of these sequences represents a molecular mechanism that contributes to altered TCR zeta-chain expression in lupus. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Tsokos, CG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Bldg 503,Room 1A32,503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM gtsokos@usa.net FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 42269]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR 39501] NR 58 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 177 IS 11 BP 8248 EP 8257 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 108TJ UT WOS:000242261800090 PM 17114503 ER PT J AU Singler, RE AF Singler, Robert E. TI Historical overview of the army contributions to phosphazene chemistry SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE polyphosphazene; phosphazene fluoroelastomer; PNF rubber; APN rubber; Eypel-F rubber; Eypel-A rubber ID CRYSTALLINE POLY(ORGANOPHOSPHAZENE); ELASTOMERS AB The search for new elastomeric materials with a service capability over a wide temperature range and for improved fire-resistant materials formed the basis for the Army interest in polyphosphazenes. The Army Watertown phosphazene program established important working relationships with government and industrial interests, and leading academic scientists. The Watertown laboratory, along with the Army Research Office, supported not only the fundamental research exploring the synthesis and properties of this new class of inorganic polymers, but also the development of polyphosphazenes and phosphazene fluids for the Army, Navy, other government, and commercial applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. RP Singler, RE (reprint author), Raytheon, Mat Engn, Andover, MA USA. EM Robert_E_Singler@Raytheon.com NR 30 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1443 J9 J INORG ORGANOMET P JI J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 307 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s10904-006-9070-7 PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 140DN UT WOS:000244484100005 ER PT J AU Grujicic, M Chittajallu, KM Walsh, S AF Grujicic, M. Chittajallu, K. M. Walsh, Shawn TI Lattice Boltzmann method based computation of the permeability of the orthogonal plain-weave fabric preforms SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPACTION; BEHAVIOR; SIMULATIONS; COMPRESSION; COMPOSITES; MEDIA; FLOW AB Changes in the permeability tensor of fabric preforms caused by various modes of fabric distortion and fabric-layers shifting and compacting is one of the key factors controlling resin flow during the infiltration stage of the common polymer-matrix composite liquid-molding processes. While direct measurements of the fabric permeability tensor generally yield the most reliable results, a large number of fabric architectures used and numerous deformation and layers rearrangement modes necessitates the development and the use of computational models for prediction of the preform permeability tensor. The Lattice Boltzmann method is used in the present work to study the effect of the mold walls, the compaction pressure, the fabric-tows shearing and the fabric-layers shifting on the permeability tensor of preforms based on orthogonal balanced plain-weave fabrics. The model predictions are compared with their respective experimental counterparts available in the literature and a reasonably good agreement is found between the corresponding sets of results. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USA, Res Lab, WMRD, AMSRL,WM,MD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grujicic, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Engn Mech, 241 Engn Innovat Bldg, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mica.grujicic@ces.clemson.edu NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 41 IS 23 BP 7989 EP 8000 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0864-3 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 116TL UT WOS:000242825100040 ER PT J AU Shelton, LJ White, CE Felt, SA AF Shelton, L. J., Jr. White, C. E. Felt, S. A. TI A comparison of non-contact, subcutaneous, and rectal temperatures in captive owl monkeys (Aotus sp.) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infrared; thermometry; transponder ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; MICE AB Background Three methods of body temperature measurement were compared in owl monkeys: non-contact infrared thermometry, subcutaneous transponder, and rectal probe. Methods Forty owl monkeys (Aotus sp.) were used. Animals were implanted with subcutaneous microchip transponders. Infrared thermometry was used at three different sites. All measurements were taken and repeated randomly. Results Infrared and subcutaneous measurements did not agree well with rectal thermometry. Subcutaneous and rectal temperatures were highly repeatable, and subcutaneous temperatures were most agreeable to rectal temperatures. Conclusions Further investigation is needed into subcutaneous implant sites and use of different infrared thermometers in this species. C1 USN, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Res Ctr, Div Vet Med,NMRC, Silver Spring, MD 20912 USA. RP Shelton, LJ (reprint author), USN, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Res Ctr, Div Vet Med,NMRC, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20912 USA. EM larry.shelton1@us.army.mil NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2006.00159.x PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 101JI UT WOS:000241736700004 PM 17214662 ER PT J AU Sirisriro, T Sethabutr, O Mason, C Talukder, KA Venkatesan, MM AF Sirisriro, Thanatcha Sethabutr, Orntipa Mason, Carl Talukder, Kalsar A. Venkatesan, Malabi M. TI An AFLP-based database of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei isolates and its use for the identification of untypable Shigella strains SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE AFLP; Shigella flexneri; Shigella sonnei; untypable strains ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; DYSENTERIAE TYPE-1 STRAINS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLONES BINDING; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; BANGLADESH; OUTBREAK AB Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) can be used to assess the genetic diversity of closely related microbial genomes. In this study, the first of its kind for identification of Shigella, the high discriminatory power of AFLP has been used to determine the genetic relatedness of 230 isolates of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei strains. An AFLP database was generated to demonstrate its utility in the discrimination of closely related strains. Based on AFLP, S. flexneri strains could be grouped into separate clusters according to their serotypes. Within each serotype, strains demonstrated 80-100% similarity indicating that identical strains and closely related strains could be distinguished by this technique. S. flexneri 6 formed a distinct cluster with 55% similarity to the rest of the S. flexneri strains showing significant divergence from the rest of the S. flexneri strains. Significantly, S. sonnei isolates formed a distinct group and showed approximately the same level of genetic linkage to S. flexneri as Escherichia coli strains. Untypable isolates that showed conflicting agglutination reactions with conventional typing sera were identifiable by AFLP. Thus AFLP can be used for genetic fingerprinting of Shigella strains and aid in the identification of variant untypable isolates. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Commun Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Enter Dis, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. B Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, ICDDR B, Enter Microscopy Lab, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Venkatesan, MM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Commun Dis & Immunol, 503 Robert Forney Dr,Rm 3S12, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM malabi.venkatesan@na.amedd.army.mil OI MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 EI 1872-8359 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD DEC PY 2006 VL 67 IS 3 BP 487 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.05.004 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 108PR UT WOS:000242252200010 PM 16837089 ER PT J AU Cooper, PB Katus, M Moores, L Geyer, D Smirniotopoulos, JG Sandberg, GD Rushing, EJ AF Cooper, Patrick B. Katus, Matthew Moores, Leon Geyer, Dennis Smirniotopoulos, James G. Sandberg, Glenn D. Rushing, Elisabeth J. TI Rare giant cell ependymoma in an octogenarian - Case report and review of the literature SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE giant cell ependymoma; neuroimaging; posterior fossa AB Ependymomas are glial tumors that occur most often in children. In adults, ependymomas most often appear in the spinal cord. The World Health Organization recognizes several rare ependymoma subtypes, including the giant cell ependymoma of the terminal filum. The authors describe an unusual case of a posterior fossa giant cell ependymoma in an 89-year-old man presenting with vertigo and disequilibrium. Only seven cases of this tumor have been reported in, the literature to date. The authors discuss the clinical presentation, radiological findings, pathological considerations, and surgical intervention in this patient and review the relevant literature. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Natl Capital Consortium, Dept Neurosurg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Neuropathol & Ophthalm Pathol, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Rushing, EJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Natl Capital Consortium, Dept Neurosurg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM rushinge@afip.osd.mil RI Smirniotopoulos, James/D-3726-2011 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA UNIV VIRGINIA, 1224 WEST MAIN ST, STE 450, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0022-3085 J9 J NEUROSURG JI J. Neurosurg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 105 IS 6 BP 908 EP 911 DI 10.3171/jns.2006.105.6.908 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 111DJ UT WOS:000242431300018 PM 17405264 ER PT J AU Williams, AJ Hartings, JA Lu, XCM Rolli, ML Tortella, FC AF Williams, Anthony J. Hartings, Jed A. Lu, Xi-Chun M. Rolli, Michael L. Tortella, Frank C. TI Penetrating ballistic-like brain injury in the rat: Differential time courses of hemorrhage, cell death, inflammation, and remote degeneration SO JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA LA English DT Article DE axonal injury; inflammation; military injury; models of injury; traumatic brain injury ID CONTROLLED CORTICAL IMPACT; CEREBRAL-ARTERY OCCLUSION; LATERAL FLUID PERCUSSION; MISSILE HEAD-INJURY; NEURONAL DEGENERATION; AXONAL INJURY; INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; NEUROBEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES; NONCONVULSIVE SEIZURES; THERAPEUTIC WINDOW AB Acute and delayed cerebral injury was assessed in a recently developed rat model of a penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI). A unilateral right frontal PBBI trajectory was used to induce survivable injuries to the frontal cortex and striatum. Three distinct phases of injury progression were observed. Phase I (primary injury, 0-6 h) began with immediate (< 5 min) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) that reached maximal volumetric size at 6 h (27.0 +/- 2.9 mm(3)). During Phase II (secondary injury, 6-72 h), a core lesion of degenerate neurons surrounding the injury track expanded into peri-lesional areas to reach a maximal volume of 69.9 +/- 6.1 mm(3) at 24 h. The core lesion consisted of predominately necrotic cell death and included marked infiltration of both neutrophils (24 h) and macrophages (72 h). Phase III (delayed degeneration, 3-7 days) involved the degeneration of neurons and fiber tracts remote from the core lesion including the thalamus, internal capsule, external capsule, and cerebral peduncle. Overall, different time courses of hemorrhage, lesion evolution, and inflammation were consistent with complementary roles in injury development and repair, providing key information about these mediators of primary, secondary, and delayed brain injury development. The similarities/differences of PBBI to other focal brain injury models are discussed. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Appl Neurobiol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Williams, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Appl Neurobiol, 503 Robert Grant Ave Bldg 503,Rm 2A40, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM anthony.williams@na.amedd.army.mil NR 74 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0897-7151 J9 J NEUROTRAUM JI J. Neurotrauma PD DEC PY 2006 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1828 EP 1846 DI 10.1089/neu.2006.23.1828 PG 19 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 120AP UT WOS:000243056100010 PM 17184192 ER PT J AU Xia, JJ Phillips, CV Gateno, J Teichgraeber, JF Christensen, AM Gliddon, MJ Lemoine, JJ Liebschner, MAK AF Xia, James J. Phillips, Carl V. Gateno, Jaime Teichgraeber, John F. Christensen, Andrew M. Gliddon, Michael J. Lemoine, Jeremy J. Liebschner, Michael A. K. TI Cost-effectiveness analysis for computer-aided surgical simulation in complex cranio-maxillofacial surgery SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY; TECHNOLOGY AB Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the costs and benefits of computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) and to compare it with the current surgical planning methods for complex craniomaxillofacial (CMF) surgery. Materials and Methods: The comparison of methods applies to all CMF surgeries where the patient's condition is severe enough to undergo a computed tomography scan and a stereolithographic model is necessary for the surgical planning process. The costs for each method can be divided into time and other costs. The time was estimated based on the authors' experience as well as on a survey of a small group of 6 experienced CMF surgeons in the United States. The other costs were estimated based on the authors' experience. Results: CASS has lower costs in terms of surgeon time, patient time, and material costs. Specifically, total surgeon hours spent in planning are 5.25 hours compared with 9.75 for current standard methods. Material and scanning costs are $1,900 for CASS compared with about $3,510 for standard methods. Patient time for planning is reduced from 4.75 hours to 2.25 hours with CASS. The reduction in both time and other costs remains when the fixed fee costs of CASS are added to the variable costs. Amortized across the 600 patients per year (1,800 for the assumed 3-year life of the training and software), this adds only a few dollars and a fraction of an hour per surgery. Even in the case of a small clinic when the cost is amortized for 6 patients per year (18 patients for the assumed 3-year life of the training and software), the per surgery costs (9.65 hours and $2,456) will still favor CASS, Conclusion: Any great new design should consist of at least 2 of the 3 following features: faster, cheaper, and better outcome. This analysis demonstrates that CASS is faster and less costly than the current standard planning methods for complex CMF surgery. Previous studies have also shown that CASS results in better surgical outcomes. Thus, in all regards, CASS appears to be at least as good as the current methods of surgical planning. (C) 2006 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. C1 Methodist Hosp, Res Inst, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Surg Planning Lab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Surg,Div Pediat Plast Surg, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Ctr Clin Res & Evidence Based Med, Houston, TX USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Clin Surg Oral & Maxillofacial, New York, NY USA. Med Modeling LLC, Golden, CO USA. USA Dent Corps, Hosp Dent Clin, Reynolds Army Community Hosp, Ft Sill, OK USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Houston, TX USA. Rice Univ, Dept Bioengn, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Xia, JJ (reprint author), 6560 Fannin St,Suite 1228, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM JXia@tmh.tmc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR002558]; NIDCR NIH HHS [1 R41 DE016171-01, 5 T32 DE015355-01] NR 24 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1780 EP 1784 DI 10.1016/j.joms.2005.12.072 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 112ZV UT WOS:000242567800012 PM 17113445 ER PT J AU Bliese, PD Wesensten, NJ Balkin, TJ AF Bliese, Paul D. Wesensten, Nancy J. Balkin, Thomas J. TI Age and individual variability in performance during sleep restriction SO JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE age; growth modeling; performance; sleep restriction ID DOSE-RESPONSE; DEPRIVATION; RECOVERY; YOUNG AB The effect of sleep loss on reaction time (RT) performance varies as a function of age, with RTs of older subjects typically showing less decrement (relative to rested baseline) than those of younger subjects. In the current paper, we examined the nature of this relationship in a 7-day sleep restriction study. The number of repeated measures made it possible to model both intra-individual trajectories over days and individual differences in these trajectories. Results revealed (a) consistent individual differences in RT patterns over time after controlling for experimental design effects; (b) less cumulative RT decline among older individuals regardless of the degree of sleep restriction; and (c) consistent individual variability in performance patterns even after accounting for the effects of age. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Dept Behav Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bliese, PD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Dept Behav Biol, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 2A26, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM paul.bliese@us.army.mil FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR02719] NR 23 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1105 J9 J SLEEP RES JI J. Sleep Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 376 EP 385 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00557.x PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 106PQ UT WOS:000242113500004 PM 17118094 ER PT J AU Outing, DA Siegmann, WL Collins, MD Westwood, EK AF Outing, Donald A. Siegmann, William L. Collins, Michael D. Westwood, Evan K. TI Generalization of the rotated parabolic equation to variable slopes SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; SHALLOW-WATER; ELASTIC MEDIA; ENERGY-CONSERVATION; SLOPING INTERFACES; OCEAN; ACOUSTICS; GUIDES AB The rotated parabolic equation [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87, 1035-1037 (1990)] is generalized to problems involving ocean-sediment interfaces of variable slope. The approach is based on approximating a variable slope in terms of a series of constant slope regions. The original rotated parabolic equation algorithm is used to march the field through each region. An interpolation-extrapolation approach is used to generate a starting field at the beginning of each region beyond the one containing the source. For the elastic case, a series of operators is applied to rotate the dependent variable vector along with the coordinate system. The variable rotated parabolic equation should provide accurate solutions to a large class of range-dependent seismo-acoustics problems. For the fluid case, the accuracy of the approach is confirmed through comparisons with reference solutions. For the elastic case, variable rotated parabolic equation solutions are compared with energy-conserving and mapping solutions. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP Outing, DA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 120 IS 6 BP 3534 EP 3538 DI 10.1121/1.2372590 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 118RM UT WOS:000242959400011 PM 17225384 ER PT J AU Alberts, WCK Waxler, R Sabatier, JM AF Alberts, W. C. Kirkpatrick, II Waxler, Roger Sabatier, James M. TI Studying the mechanical behavior of a plastic, shock-resisting, antitank landmine SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONS; MINES AB Modal behavior in landmines has recently become a topic of interest for acoustic landmine detection. It is well known that landmines exhibit mechanical resonance behavior that enhances the soil velocity over a buried landmine. Recent experimental work by Zagrai et al. [A. Zagrai, D. Donskoy, and A. Ekimov, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118 (6), 3619-3628 (2005)] demonstrates the existence of structural modes in several landmines. The work reported herein parallels the work of Zagrai et al. in studying the structural modes of the pressure plate of a plastic, cylindrically symmetric, antitank landmine. The pressure plate is considered to act as an elastically supported thin elastic plate. An observed perturbation of the first symmetric mode of the pressure plate is caused by the landmine's shock-resisting mechanism. This is validated by a lumped element model for the first symmetric mode coupled to the shock-resisting mechanism. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Alberts, WCK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD,ARL,CI,ES,2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM kirk.alberts@arl.army.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 120 IS 6 BP 3655 EP 3663 DI 10.1121/1.23579991 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 118RM UT WOS:000242959400020 ER PT J AU Bernstein, JGW Oxenham, AJ AF Bernstein, Joshua G. W. Oxenham, Andrew J. TI The relationship between frequency selectivity and pitch discrimination: Effects of stimulus level SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AUDITORY FILTER SHAPES; NERVE FIBER RESPONSES; COMPLEX TONES; BASILAR-MEMBRANE; CHINCHILLA COCHLEA; UNRESOLVED HARMONICS; VIRTUAL PITCH; NOTCHED-NOISE; UNITARY MODEL; LOWER LIMIT AB Three experiments tested the hypothesis that fundamental frequency (f(0)) discrimination depends on the resolvability of harmonics within a tone complex. Fundamental frequency difference limens (f(0) DLs) were measured for random-phase harmonic complexes with eight f(0)'s between 75 and 400 Hz, bandpass filtered between 1.5 and 3.5 kHz, and presented at 12.5-dB/component average sensation level in threshold equalizing noise with levels of 10, 40, and 65 dB SPL per equivalent rectangular auditory filter bandwidth. With increasing level, the transition from large (poor) to small (good) f(0) DLs shifted to a higher f(0). This shift corresponded to a decrease in harmonic resolvability, as estimated in the same listeners with excitation patterns derived from measures of auditory filter shape and with a more direct measure that involved hearing gut individual harmonics. The results are consistent with the idea that resolved harmonics are necessary for good f(0) discrimination. Additionally, f(0) DLs for high f(0)'s increased with stimulus level in the same way as pure-tone frequency DLs, suggesting that for this frequency range, the frequencies of harmonics are more poorly encoded at higher levels, even when harmonics are well resolved. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Speech & Hearing Biosci & Technol Program, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bernstein, JGW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM joshua.bernstein@amedd.army.mil; oxenham@umn.edu FU NIDCD NIH HHS [5T32 DC 00038, R01 DC 05216, R01 DC005216] NR 68 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 120 IS 6 BP 3916 EP 3928 DI 10.1121/1.2372451 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 118RM UT WOS:000242959400046 PM 17225419 ER PT J AU Bernstein, JGW Oxenham, AJ AF Bernstein, Joshua G. W. Oxenham, Andrew J. TI The relationship between frequency selectivity and pitch discrimination: Sensorineural hearing loss SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AUDITORY FILTER SHAPES; TEMPORAL FINE-STRUCTURE; COMPLEX TONES; IMPAIRED LISTENERS; FUNDAMENTAL-FREQUENCY; PHASE DISCRIMINATION; CRITICAL BANDWIDTH; HARMONIC NUMBER; MODULATION; LEVEL AB This study tested the relationship between frequency selectivity and the minimum spacing between harmonics necessary for accurate f(0) discrimination. Fundamental frequency difference limens (f(0) DLs) were measured for ten listeners with moderate sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and three normal-hearing listeners for sine- and random-phase harmonic complexes, bandpass filtered between 1500 and 3500 Hz, with f(0)'s ranging from 75 to 500 Hz (or higher). All listeners showed a transition between small (good) f(0) DLs at high f(0)'s and large (poor) f(0) DLs at low f(0)'s, although the f(0) at which this transition occurred (f(0,tr)) varied across listeners. Three measures thought to reflect frequency selectivity were significantly correlated to both the f(0,tr) and the minimum f(0) DL achieved at high f(0)'s: (1) the maximum f(0) for which f(0) DLs were phase dependent, (2) the maximum modulation frequency for which amplitude modulation and quasi-frequency modulation were discriminable, and (3) the equivalent rectangular bandwidth of the auditory filter, estimated using the notched-noise method. These results provide evidence of a relationship between f(0) discrimination performance and frequency selectivity in listeners with SNHL, supporting "spectral" and "spectro-temporal" theories of pitch perception that rely on sharp tuning in the auditory periphery to accurately extract f(0) information. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Speech & Hearing Biosci & Technol Program, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bernstein, JGW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM joshua.bernstein@amedd.army.mil; oxenham@umn.edu FU NIDCD NIH HHS [R01 DC005216, 5T32-DC-00038, R01-DC-05216] NR 62 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 120 IS 6 BP 3929 EP 3945 DI 10.1121/1.2372452 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 118RM UT WOS:000242959400047 PM 17225420 ER PT J AU Carmody, BJ Sugerman, HJ Kellum, JM Jamal, MK Johnson, JM Carbonell, AM Maher, JW Wolfe, LG DeMaria, EJ AF Carmody, Brennan J. Sugerman, Harvey J. Kellum, John M. Jamal, Mohammed K. Johnson, Jason M. Carbonell, Alfredo M. Maher, James W. Wolfe, Luke G. DeMaria, Eric J. TI Pulmonary embolism complicating bariatric surgery: Detailed analysis of a single institution's 24-year experience SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 91st Annual Clinical Congress of the American-College-of-Surgeons CY OCT 16-20, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Surg ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN; VENA-CAVA FILTERS; DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS; GASTRIC BYPASS-SURGERY; MORBID-OBESITY; SURGICAL-PATIENTS; THROMBOEMBOLISM; PROPHYLAXIS; RISK AB BACKGROUND: Morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric procedures are at risk for pulmonary embolism (PE). Because large series are required to analyze low-incidence complications, factors predictive of PE have not been clearly defined. Since 1992, short-course heparin prophylaxis, beginning immediately before operation, has been used in this center. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective data on 3,861 patients undergoing bariatric procedures between 1980 and 2004 were queried. Factors analyzed included age, gender, body mass index, interval between procedure and PE, inpatient versus outpatient status, mortality, access method (open versus laparoscopic), and comorbidities. RESULTS: PE within 60 days of operation occurred in 33 patients (23 women, 10 men), for an incidence of 0.85%. No difference in incidence was noted between open (0.84%) and laparoscopic (0.88%) groups, nor did routine prophylaxis with heparin since 1992 decrease the incidence. The interval between procedure and PE was 13.2 +/- 2.6 (mean +/- SEM) days (open = 13.0 +/- 3.0 days, laparoscopic 14.1 +/- 6.49 days, p = 0.9). One-third of PEs occurred after hospital discharge. Pulmonary embolism-related mortality was 27%. A statistically greater body mass index was noted in PE patients compared with non-PE patients (57.2 +/- 2.4 kg.m(2) versus 49.9 +/- 0.2 kg/m(2), p < 0.01, Wilcoxon rank test). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed a primary role for preoperative weight as a predictor of PE; univariate analysis suggested an increased PE risk with obesity hypoventilation syndrome, anastomotic leak, and chronic venous insufficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Data demonstrated persistence of PE risk in the anticoagulation, laparoscopic-access era at a rate similar to that in the preanticoagulation, open-access era. Because one-third of PEs occur after hospital discharge, consideration should be given to continuing anticoagulants longer and to adopting a more aggressive policy of inferior vena cava filter prophylaxis, particularly in patients with high body mass index, obese hyperventilation syndrome, and venous insufficiency. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Surg, Div Gen Surg, Richmond, VA USA. Duke Univ, Dept Surg, Durham, NC USA. RP Carmody, BJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 24 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 EI 1879-1190 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 203 IS 6 BP 831 EP 837 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.08.020 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 112ZQ UT WOS:000242567300007 PM 17116551 ER PT J AU Johnson, BE Gerald, TK AF Johnson, Billy E. Gerald, Terry K. TI Development of nutrient submodules for use in the gridded surface subsurface hydrologic analysis (GSSHA) distributed watershed model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer Specialty Conference of the American-Water-Resources-Association CY JUN, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE watershed; nutrients; water quality; distributed; GSSHA ID SOIL; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; RUNOFF AB A primary water quality problem caused by nonpoint source pollution (NPSP) is eutrophication, from excess nutrients in receiving water bodies. The control of nutrients arising from NPSP is difficult because the source areas can be hard to identify and typical treatment methods are infeasible due to the distributed nature of the pollutants. It may be possible to reduce nutrient related water quality problems through the restoration of highly disturbed watersheds with best management practices (BMPs). While restoration attempts may provide significant returns, they can be costly to implement and often are met with resistance in agricultural communities. Extending model results beyond the range of calibration to model future conditions such as for restoration scenarios requires the use of physically-based models that include the important processes that generate streamflow and material transport, uptake, loss, transformation, and recycling of nutrients and other material. The research and development objectives of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) in Vicksburg, Mississippi, are to develop a watershed assessment and management model to simulate transport, uptake, loss, transformation, and recycling of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus and associated material such as sediment and organic matter. In this study we will discuss current efforts at the ERDC's Environmental Laboratory to develop a state-of-the-art watershed water quality model. C1 USA, Ctr Res & Dev, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. ASI, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Johnson, BE (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res & Dev, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Billy.E.Johnson@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1503 EP 1525 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb06017.x PG 23 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 127UP UT WOS:000243612100007 ER PT J AU Eastridge, BJ Jenkins, D Flaherty, S Schiller, H Holcomb, JB AF Eastridge, Brian J. Jenkins, Donald Flaherty, Stephen Schiller, Henry Holcomb, John B. TI Trauma system development in a theater of war: Experiences from operation Iraq freedom and operation enduring freedom SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 22-24, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma DE battlefleld; combat; system; trauma; quality improvement; war ID COMBAT CASUALTY CARE; UNITED-STATES; BATTLEFIELD; TOURNIQUETS; AFGHANISTAN; PERSPECTIVE; LESSONS; HISTORY; ARMY AB Background: Medical lessons learned from Vietnam and previous military conflicts led to the development of civilian trauma systems in the United States. Operation Iraqi Freedom represents the first protracted, large-scale, armed conflict since the advent of civilian trauma systems in which to evaluate a similar paradigm on the battlefield. Methods: Collaborative efforts between the joint military forces of the United States initiated development of a theater trauma system in May 2004. Formal implementation of the system occurred in November 2004, the collaborative effort of the three Surgeons General of the U.S. military, the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, and the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. One trauma surgeon (Trauma System Director) and a team of six trauma nurse coordinators were deployed to theater to evaluate trauma system component issues. Demographic, mechanistic, physiologic, diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome data were gathered for 4,700 injured patients using the Joint Theater Trauma Registry. Interview and survey methods were utilized to evaluate logistic aspects of the system. Results: System implementation identified more than 30 systemic issues requiring policy development, research, education, evaluation of medical resource allocation, and alterations in clinical care. Among the issues were transfer of casualties from point of injury to the most appropriate level of care, trauma clinical practice guidelines, standard forms, prophylactic antibiotic regimens, morbidity/mortality reporting, on-line medical evacuation regulation, improved data capture for the trauma registry, and implementation of a performance improvement program. Conclusions: The implementation of a theater trauma system demonstrated numerous opportunities to improve the outcome of soldiers wounded on the battlefield. C1 USA, Dept Surg, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Fayetteville, AR USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Surg, Rochester, MN USA. RP Eastridge, BJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE SDI, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM brian.eastridge@amedd.army.mil NR 40 TC 150 Z9 162 U1 7 U2 20 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD DEC PY 2006 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1366 EP 1372 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000245894.78941.90 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 119CI UT WOS:000242989400012 PM 17159678 ER PT J AU He, J AF He, J. TI Molecular detection and sequence analysis of a new hepatitis E virus isolate from Pakistan SO JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis E virus; Pakistan; sequences ID ACUTE SPORADIC HEPATITIS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; HEV; GENOTYPES; EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; ANTIBODY; STRAIN; INDIA AB Sporadic and epidemic acute viral hepatitis E in many developing countries is caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV). The HEV genome has been classified into three major genotypes. However, extensive diversity has been noted among HEV isolates from patients with acute hepatitis in China and Taiwan. Some reports indicated that multiple genotypes of HEV could cocirculate in the same area; even distinct genotypes of HEV could exist in the same patient. Pakistan is a highly endemic area for hepatitis E. So far only two Pakistan HEV isolates Sar-55 (87-Pakistan-A) and Abb-2B (88-Pakistan-2B) have been characterized, and the nucleotide sequences of these two HEV isolates show only 90% homology. In this study, a third HEV isolate from Pakistan (87-Pakistan-B) is reported. The sequences of a 438-bp fragment from ORF-2 and a 259-bp fragment from the ORF-1-3 region of this new HEV isolate were obtained and sequenced. The sequence analysis showed that this new HEV isolate was very closely related to the Sar-55 but different from the Abb-2B HEV isolate. These results indicated that the Sar-55 (87-Pakistan-A) genotype is the main endemic HEV strain in the Sargodha area. These data will be useful for HEV epidemiological studies, diagnosis and vaccine development. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP He, J (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Biophys, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM junkun.he@afip.osd.mil NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1352-0504 J9 J VIRAL HEPATITIS JI J. Viral Hepatitis PD DEC PY 2006 VL 13 IS 12 BP 840 EP 844 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00774.x PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 105FW UT WOS:000242016800007 PM 17109684 ER PT J AU Li, M Salazar-Gonzalez, JF Derdeyn, CA Morris, L Williamson, C Robinson, JE Decker, JM Li, YY Salazar, MG Polonis, VR Mlisana, K Karim, SA Hong, KX Greene, KM Bilska, M Zhou, JT Allen, S Chomba, E Mulenga, J Vwalika, C Gao, F Zhang, M Korber, BTM Hunter, E Hahn, BH Montefiori, DC AF Li, Ming Salazar-Gonzalez, Jesus F. Derdeyn, Cynthia A. Morris, Lynn Williamson, Carolyn Robinson, James E. Decker, Julie M. Li, Yingying Salazar, Maria G. Polonis, Victoria R. Mlisana, Koleka Karim, Salim Abdool Hong, Kunxuc Greene, Kelli M. Bilska, Miroslawa Zhou, Jintao Allen, Susan Chomba, Elwyn Mulenga, Joseph Vwalika, Cheswa Gao, Feng Zhang, Ming Korber, Bette T. M. Hunter, Eric Hahn, Beatrice H. Montefiori, David C. TI Genetic and neutralization properties of subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 molecular env clones from acute and early heterosexually acquired infections in southern Africa SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; GP120 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; HIV TYPE-1; RECEPTOR-BINDING; DISEASE PROGRESSION; CLADE-C; V3 LOOP; CORECEPTOR; TRANSMISSION; EPITOPES AB A standard panel of subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env-pseudotyped viruses was created by cloning, sequencing, and characterizing functional gp160 genes from 18 acute and early heterosexually acquired infections in South Africa and Zambia. In general, the gp120 region of these clones was shorter (most evident in V1 and V4) and less glycosylated compared to newly transmitted subtype B viruses, and it was underglycosylated but no different in length compared to chronic subtype C viruses. The gp120s also exhibited low amino acid sequence variability (12%) in V3 and high variability (39%) immediately downstream of V3, a feature shared with newly transmitted subtype B viruses and chronic viruses of both subtypes. When tested as Env-pseudotyped viruses in a luciferase reporter gene assay, all clones possessed an R5 phenotype and resembled primary isolates in their sensitivity to neutralization by HIV-1-positive plasmas. Results obtained with a multisubtype plasma panel suggested partial subtype preference in the neutralizing antibody response to infection. The clones were typical of subtype C in that all were resistant to 2G12 (associated with loss of N-glycosylation at position 295) and most were resistant to 2F5, but all were sensitive to 4E10 and many were sensitive to immunoglobulin G1b12. Finally, conserved neutralization epitopes in the CD4-induced coreceptor binding domain of gp120 were poorly accessible and were difficult to induce and stabilize with soluble CD4 on Env-pseudotyped viruses. These results illustrate key genetic and antigenic properties of subtype C HIV-1 that might impact the design and testing of candidate vaccines. A subset of these gp160 clones are suitable for use as reference reagents to facilitate standardized assessments of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody responses. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lab AIDS Vaccine Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Cape Town, Inst Infect Dis & Mol Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. Tulane Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ KwaZulu Natal, CAPRISA, Durban, South Africa. Natl Ctr AIDS, Div Virol & Immunol, Beijing, Peoples R China. Emory Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Teaching Hosp, Lusaka, Zambia. Zambia Natl Blood Transfus Serv, Lusaka, Zambia. Zambia Emory HIV Res Program, Lusaka, Zambia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Montefiori, DC (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lab AIDS Vaccine Res & Dev, POB 2926, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM monte@acpub.duke.edu RI Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen/N-5947-2013; OI Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen/0000-0002-4986-2133; , Carolyn/0000-0003-0125-1226; , Lynn/0000-0003-3961-7828; Mlisana, Koleka/0000-0002-8436-3268; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 51794, AI 055386, AI 27767, AI 30034, AI 41530, AI 46705, AI 51231, AI 54497, AI 64060, N01AI30034, N01AI85338, P30 AI027767, R01 AI051231, R01 AI064060, R21 AI055386, R37 AI051231, U01 AI041530, U19 AI051794] NR 94 TC 250 Z9 256 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 80 IS 23 BP 11776 EP 11790 DI 10.1128/JVI.01730-06 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 108ED UT WOS:000242222200034 PM 16971434 ER PT J AU Warfield, KL Blutt, SE Crawford, SE Kang, G Conner, ME AF Warfield, Kelly L. Blutt, Sarah E. Crawford, Sue E. Kang, Gagandeep Conner, Margaret E. TI Rotavirus infection enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced intussusception in a mouse model SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVENT REPORTING SYSTEM; B-CELL ACTIVATION; IFN-ALPHA-BETA; NITRIC-OXIDE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTESTINAL INTUSSUSCEPTION; ADENOVIRUS INFECTION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; PEDIATRIC DIARRHEA; VACCINE ROTASHIELD AB Unexpected reports of intussusception after vaccination with the live tetravalent rotavirus vaccine Rota-Shield resulted in voluntary withdrawal of the vaccine. Intussusception, a condition in which the intestine acutely invaginates upon itself, is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children. We report here the development of a mouse model to study rotavirus-induced intussusception. In this model, both homologous murine and heterologous simian rotavirus strains significantly enhanced the rate of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intussusception, and this enhancement was replication dependent, requiring rotavirus doses of greater than one 50% infectious dose. Rotavirus-induced intussusceptions did not have observable lymphoid lead points, despite the induction of intestinal lymphoid hyperplasia after rotavirus infection. Intussusceptions are also postulated to result from altered intestinal motility, but rotavirus infection had no effect on gastrointestinal transit. LPS-induced intussusception is associated with the induction of inflammatory mediators, and intussusception rates can be modified by inflammatory antagonists. We show that rotavirus infection significantly enhanced serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon cytokine levels after LPS treatment compared to uninfected mice. Together, these data suggest that rotavirus infection sensitized mice to the inflammatory effects of subsequent LPS treatment to enhance intussusception rates. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Conner, ME (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, 1 Baylor Pl, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mconner@bcm.tmc.edu OI Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X FU NIAID NIH HHS [F32 AI010604, AI24998, F32-AI10604, R01 AI024998, R21 AI024998]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK030144, R56 DK030144, T32-DK07664, T32 DK007664, P30 DK056338, DK30144, DK56338] NR 100 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 80 IS 24 BP 12377 EP 12386 DI 10.1128/JVI.01185-06 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 113SP UT WOS:000242617900049 PM 17005639 ER PT J AU Bivings, AE AF Bivings, Albert E. TI Rediscovery and recovery of the ivory-billed woodpecker SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID CAMPEPHILUS-PRINCIPALIS C1 USA, Forces Command, Headquarters, AFEN,EN, Ft McPherson, GA 30330 USA. RP Bivings, AE (reprint author), USA, Forces Command, Headquarters, AFEN,EN, G-1 Engn, Ft McPherson, GA 30330 USA. EM bivingsb@forscom.army.mil NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1495 EP 1496 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1495:RAROTI]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 136PH UT WOS:000244236100001 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, Edwin B. TI The fire: The bombing of Germany, 1940-1945. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Labs, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Labs, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 131 IS 20 BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 116JD UT WOS:000242797600238 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, Edwin B. TI Firestorm: Allied, airpower and the destruction of Dresden. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Labs, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Labs, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 131 IS 20 BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 116JD UT WOS:000242797600237 ER PT J AU Arrazola, L Moonka, D Gish, RG Everson, GT AF Arrazola, Luis Moonka, Dilip Gish, Robert G. Everson, Gregory T. TI Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception for polycystic liver disease SO LIVER TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Message Meeting of the MELD-Exception-Study-Group CY MAR 01-02, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP AASLD, AST, ASTS, ASN, NATCO, UNOS ID TRANSPLANTATION C1 Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Dept Transplantat, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Div Hepatol & Complex GI, Phys Fdn, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Gish, RG (reprint author), Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Dept Med, 2340 Clay St,Room 223, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. EM gishr@sutterhealth.org NR 13 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1527-6465 J9 LIVER TRANSPLANT JI Liver Transplant. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 12 SU 3 BP S110 EP S111 DI 10.1002/lt.20974 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 115FW UT WOS:000242721200011 PM 17123287 ER PT J AU Ebersole, BA Resio, DT Westerink, JJ AF Ebersole, Bruce A. Resio, Donald T. Westerink, Joannes J. TI A community approach to improved prediction and characterization of coastal storm hazards SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MODEL; WIND AB This paper discusses the value of a community approach to characterizing the coastal storm hazard, e.g., hurricane water levels and wave conditions, through field measurements, data analysis, and modeling. Value is illustrated using experiences and results from recent and ongoing projects. One example is recently completed work by the Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force (IPET), which was commissioned by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. The IPET was charged with gathering the facts regarding performance of the hurricane protection system in Southeast Louisiana in response to Hurricane Katrina. A second example is ongoing work being lead by the Corps to design projects that can greatly reduce the likelihood and consequences of flooding for coastal Louisiana and Mississippi. These investigations are being closely coordinated with work of the Federal Emergency Management Agency to update flood insurance rate maps for the region. Findings and lessons learned are discussed, and challenges in making accurate surge and wave predictions are identified, including: 1) inaccuracy in coastal and estuarine wind fields, 2) specification of a wind drag law in shallow coastal areas, and 3) problems in treating nearshore wave set-up and coupling into surge models. A new Corps research program that is addressing many of these issues, also a community effort, is described as are results from early progress in selected problem areas. The paper presents advantages to developing open-source, community-based computer software for coastal storm wave and surge predict ions, and some problems with today's over-reliance on proprietary software. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Ebersole, BA (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 56 EP 68 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 146YK UT WOS:000244970400008 ER PT J AU Stockdon, HF Lillycrop, WJ Howd, PA Wozencraft, JM AF Stockdon, Hilary F. Lillycrop, W. Jeff Howd, Peter A. Wozencraft, Jennifer M. TI The need for sustained and integrated high-resolution mapping of dynamic coastal environments SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; LASER ALTIMETRY; BEACH CHANGES; LIDAR SURVEYS; AIRBORNE; ACCURACY AB The coastal zone of the United States is a dynamic environment evolving in response to both natural processes and human activities. In order to protect coastal populations and resources, a detailed understanding of the physical setting and of the processes responsible for change is required. A sustained program of mapping coastal areas provides a means to establish baseline conditions, document change, and, in conjunction with models of physical processes, predict future behavior. Recent advances in mapping technology, including airborne lidars and hyperspectral imagers, allow for the rapid collection of high-resolution elevation data and land use information on a national scale. These rich data sets are critical to evaluating risk associated with coastal hazards, such as flooding during extreme storms. For example, coastal elevation data is a fundamental parameter in storm surge models that predict where flooding will occur, and land use maps serve as the foundation of assessments that identify the resources and populations that are most vulnerable. A comprehensive, national coastal mapping plan that is designed to collect, manage, and distribute these data, as well as to take advantage of recent progress in mapping technology, will provide a wealth of information for studying the processes of physical change, for determining areas vulnerable to coastal hazards, and for protecting and managing our coastal communities and resources. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, Reston, VA 20192 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Tech Ctr Expertis, Washington, DC 20314 USA. RP Stockdon, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Stockdon, Hilary/0000-0003-0791-4676 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 90 EP 99 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 146YK UT WOS:000244970400013 ER PT J AU Kenefick, RW O'Moore, KM Mahood, NV Castellani, JW AF Kenefick, Robert W. O'Moore, Kathleen M. Mahood, Nicholas V. Castellani, John W. TI Rapid IV versus oral rehydration: Responses to subsequent exercise heat stress SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE thermoregulation; hydration; exercise-induced dehydration; fluid replacement ID PERCEPTUAL RESPONSES; BLOOD-VOLUME; THIRST; DEHYDRATION; VASOPRESSIN; PLASMA; BODY; MEN; HYPOHYDRATION; HUMANS AB Purpose: This study sought to determine the effect of rapid intravenous (IV) versus oral (ORAL) rehydration immediately after dehydration, on cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, and perceptual responses during subsequent exercise in the heat. Methods: Eight males (21.4 +/- 0.7 yr; 176.2 +/- 1.6 cm; 75.2 +/- 3.7 kg; 63.7 +/- 3.6 mL.kg(-1).min(-1) VO2max, 9.0 +/- 1.7% fat) participated in three randomized trials. Each trial consisted of a 75-min dehydration phase (36 degrees C; 42.5% rh, 47 +/- 0.9% VO2max) where subjects lost 1.7 L (IV and no-fluid (NF) trials) to 1.8 L of fluid (ORAL trial). In the heat, fluid lost was matched with 0.45% saline in 20 min by either IV or ORAL rehydration; no fluid was given in the NF trial. Subjects then performed a heat-tolerance test (HTT; 37.0 degrees C, 45% rh, treadmill speed of 2.4 m.s(-1), 2.3% grade) for 75 min or until exhaustion (T-re of 39.5 degrees C). During the HTT, thermal and thirst sensations, RPE, rectal temperature (T-re), heart rate (HR), and mean weighted skin temperature (T-sk) were measured. Results: Plasma volume in the IV treatment was greater (P < 0.05) after rehydration compared with ORAL and NF. However, during the HTT there were no overall differences (P > 0.05) in HR, T-re, TA, RPE, thermal sensations, or HTT time (ORAL, 71 +/- 8 min; IV, 73 +/- 5 min; NF, 39 +/- 29 min) between the ORAL and IV treatments. Sensations of thirst were lower (P < 0.05) in ORAL compared with IV and NF, likely because of oropharyngeal stimuli. Conclusions: Despite a more rapid restoration of plasma volume, IV rehydration was not advantageous over ORAL rehydration in regards to physiological strain, heat tolerance, RPE, or thermal sensations. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Kinesiol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Kenefick, RW (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Robert.Kenefick@us.army.mil NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 12 BP 2125 EP 2131 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000251196.65990.ff PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 114MA UT WOS:000242669100012 PM 17146319 ER PT J AU Welton, MD AF Welton, MD TI The origins and evolution of Islamic law SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Welton, MD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N STREET NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 60 IS 1 BP 180 EP 181 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 010AE UT WOS:000235154400026 ER PT J AU Dunlap, JW AF Dunlap, Jerrett W., Jr. TI The economic efficiency of the army's maneuver damage claims program: Coase, but no cigar SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article AB It is my belief that the failure of economists to reach correct conclusions about the treatment of harmful effects cannot be ascribed simply to a few slips in analysis. It stems from basic defects in the current approach to problems of welfare economics. What is needed is a change of approach. RP Dunlap, JW (reprint author), USA, Legal Serv Agcy, Litigat Div, Arlington, VA USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN-SPR PY 2006 VL 190 BP 1 EP 66 PG 66 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 217IS UT WOS:000249942200001 ER PT J AU Hayes, TP AF Hayes, Timothy P., Jr. TI Post-traumatic stress disorder on trial SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article AB It has come to my attention that a very small number of [S]oldiers are going to the hospital on the pretext that they are nervously incapable of combat. Such men are cowards and bring discredit on the army and disgrace to their comrades, whom they heartlessly leave to endure the dangers of battle while they, themselves, use the hospital as a means of escape. You will take measures to see that such cases are not sent to the hospital but are dealt with in their units. Those who are not willing to fight will be tried by Court-Martial for cowardice in the face of the enemy. C1 USA, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. RP Hayes, TP (reprint author), USA, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN-SPR PY 2006 VL 190 BP 67 EP 110 PG 44 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 217IS UT WOS:000249942200002 ER PT J AU Solis, G AF Solis, Gary TI First George S. Prugh lecture in military legal history: Judge advocates, courts-martial, and operational law advisors SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lib Congress, Law Lib, Washington, DC 20540 USA. US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Law, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Solis, G (reprint author), Lib Congress, Law Lib, Washington, DC 20540 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN-SPR PY 2006 VL 190 BP 153 EP 174 PG 22 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 217IS UT WOS:000249942200004 ER PT J AU Page, BD AF Page, Bruce D., Jr. TI American theocracy: The peril and politics of radical religion, oil, and borrowed money in the 21st century SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USA, Judge Advocate Gen Legal Ctr & Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 55, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Page, BD (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN-SPR PY 2006 VL 190 BP 175 EP 184 PG 10 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 217IS UT WOS:000249942200005 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Mody, RM Dooley, DP Hospenthal, DR Horvath, LL Moran, KA Muntz, RW AF Murray, Clinton K. Mody, Rupal M. Dooley, David P. Hospenthal, Duane R. Horvath, Lynn L. Moran, Kimberly A. Muntz, Ronald W. TI The remote diagnosis of malaria using telemedicine or e-mailed images SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK AB We determined the ability of blinded remote expert microscopy to identify malaria parasites through transmission of malaria smear images via telemedicine and as e-mail attachments. Protocols for malaria smear transmission included: (1) transmission of sender-selected televised smears at various bandwidths (Bw), (2) transmission of remote reader-directed televised smears at various Bw, and (3) transmission of digital photomicrographs as e-mail attachments. Twenty (14%) of 147 sender-selected, and 13 (6%) of 221 reader-directed, images were deemed unreadable by slide readers. The presence or absence of malaria was correctly identified in 98% of the remaining images. Sixty-four (34%) of 190 digital microphotographs were deemed unreadable, while the presence or absence of malaria was correctly identified in 100% of the remaining images. Correct speciation ranged from 45% to 83% across various transmission methods and Bw. The use of telemedicine and e-mail technology shows promise for the remote diagnosis of malaria. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, MCHE MDI, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, MCHE MDI, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Clinton.Murray@amedd.army.mil NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 171 IS 12 BP 1167 EP 1171 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 116XM UT WOS:000242837100003 PM 17256675 ER PT J AU Cieslak, TJ Huitink, JS Rajnik, M Ascher, DP AF Cieslak, Theodore J. Huitink, J. Scott Rajnik, Michael Ascher, David P. TI International adoptions by military families: A reexamination SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FORMER SOVIET-UNION; ADOPTED-CHILDREN; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; MEDICAL EVALUATION; ROMANIAN CHILDREN; HEALTH; TUBERCULOSIS; RECORDS AB The adoption of foreign-born children by U.S. families is an increasingly common occurrence, having tripled in the past 15 years. The demographic features of international adoption have changed dramatically over the same time period. Today's foreign-born adoptees originate from a myriad of nations and cultures and present challenging medical and social problems to the practitioners faced with caring for these children and advising their adoptive families. Military families, cosmopolitan and often stationed overseas, adopt a large proportion of these children from foreign lands. Consequently, military health care providers require a familiarity with the special needs of international adoptees and the unique aspects of international adoption, as practiced by military families. We previously reported on this topic more than a decade ago. Much has changed since then, prompting this update. C1 San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Cieslak, TJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RI Huitink, Johannes/K-2761-2016 OI Huitink, Johannes/0000-0002-9999-7933 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 171 IS 12 BP 1201 EP 1205 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 116XM UT WOS:000242837100011 PM 17256683 ER PT J AU Niebuhr, DW Jankosky, C Niebuhr, DW Powers, TE Krauss, MR AF Niebuhr, David W. Jankosky, Christopher Niebuhr, David W. Powers, Timothy E. Krauss, Margot R. TI Attrition of military enlistees with a medical waiver for chronic headache, 1995-2000 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION; MIGRAINE HEADACHE; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE AB Background: Recurrent headaches are disqualifying for military service if they are of sufficient severity or frequency to interfere with normal function in the past 3 years. The occupational impact of waiving this standard is evaluated. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of enlistees from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2000, was performed. Enlistees with a waiver for recurrent headaches were compared with fully qualified enlistees (matched 3:1) for retention in the military, headache-related discharges, and hospitalizations. Results: The 174 individuals with waivers for a history of recurrent headaches were retained on active duty at the same rate as the 522 matched control subjects (log rank test, p = 0.91). Medical record review of waivers documented no debilitating headaches within 1 year before the medical examination. Conclusions: These results validate the current headache waiver criteria from the perspective of retention and suggest a more lenient medical accession standard. Future studies should evaluate the morbidity and occupational impact of headaches in the U.S. military. C1 US Pacific Fleet, Submarine Fleet, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Niebuhr, DW (reprint author), US Pacific Fleet, Submarine Fleet, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. RI Niebuhr, David/B-7865-2011 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 171 IS 12 BP 1235 EP 1238 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 116XM UT WOS:000242837100019 ER PT J AU Johnson, AE Rose, SD AF Johnson, Anthony E. Rose, Stephen D. TI Bilateral quadriceps tendon ruptures in a healthy, active duty soldier: Case report and review of the literature SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID EXTENSOR MECHANISM; LATE RECONSTRUCTION; KNEE-JOINT; REPAIR; DIAGNOSIS; INJURIES; FIXATION; PATIENT AB Unilateral quadriceps tendon ruptures are not uncommon. These injuries have been reported to occur spontaneously and after seemingly trivial trauma in elderly individuals, patients undergoing renal dialysis, and patients with metabolic derangements such as hyperparathyroidism. In young patients, unilateral quadriceps tendon ruptures have been reported as complications of burns, anabolic steroid abuse, and elective orthopedic surgery. Bilateral quadriceps tendon ruptures in young healthy patients are rare injuries. We present the case of a young, healthy, active duty soldier who sustained bilateral quadriceps tendon ruptures after a relatively minor trauma. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Orthoped Hand Surg Staff, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Johnson, AE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Orthoped Hand Surg Staff, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. OI Johnson, Anthony/0000-0002-0506-0059 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 171 IS 12 BP 1251 EP 1254 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 116XM UT WOS:000242837100023 PM 17256695 ER PT J AU Palacpac, NMQ Leung, BWY Arisue, N Tanabe, K Sattabongkot, J Tsuboi, T Torii, M Udomsangpetch, R Horii, T AF Palacpac, Nirianne Marie Q. Leung, Betty W. Y. Arisue, Nobuko Tanabe, Kazuyuki Sattabongkot, Jetsumon Tsuboi, Takafumi Torii, Motomi Udomsangpetch, Rachanee Horii, Toshihiro TI Plasmodium vivax serine repeat antigen (SERA) multigene family exhibits similar expression patterns in independent infections SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium vivax; serine repeat antigen (SERA); transcription; polymorphism; malaria ID TERMINAL DOMAIN; FALCIPARUM; MALARIA; RECOMBINANT; PROTEINS; GENES; POPULATIONS; ANTIBODIES; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE C1 Osaka Univ, BIKEN, Dept Mol Protozool, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Osaka Univ, BIKEN, Lab Malariol, Int Res Ctr Infect Dis, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. USAMC, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Pathobiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Ehime Univ, Cell Free Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. Ehime Univ, Venture Business Lab, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Mol Parasitol, Toon, Ehime 7910295, Japan. RP Horii, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, BIKEN, Dept Mol Protozool, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM horii@biken.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.07.006 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 111TF UT WOS:000242476900025 PM 16934884 ER PT J AU Proctor, SP Heaton, KJ Heeren, T White, RF AF Proctor, Susan P. Heaton, Kristin J. Heeren, Tim White, Roberta F. TI Effects of sarin and cyclosarin exposure during the 1991 Gulf War on neurobehavioral functioning in US army veterans SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sarin; neurobehavioral functioning; central nervous system effects; exposure assessment; Gulf War veterans ID LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE; CHEMICAL MUNITIONS DESTRUCTION; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; TOKYO SUBWAY; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GUINEA-PIGS; LONG-TERM; HEALTH; KHAMISIYAH; AGENTS AB Background: During the Gulf War (GW), in early March 1991, a munitions dump at Khamisiyah, Iraq, was destroyed. Later, in 1996, the dump was found to have contained the organophosphate chemical warfare agents, sarin and cyclosarin. Methods: Data collected in a study conducted between 1994 and 1996, before the Khamisiyah incident was publicly disclosed, were used to examine neurobehavioral task performances of GW veterans (n = 140) categorized as having received high, moderate, or low-to-no exposure dose levels to sarin and cyclosarin at Khamisiyah, Iraq. Exposure levels were based on modeled estimates of the exposure plume and on troop location information at the time of the Khamisiyah event. Based on recent findings observed in follow-up studies of persons exposed to sarin during the 1995 terrorist attacks in Japan, we hypothesized that exposure to sarin and cyclosarin would be associated with poorer performances on objective neurobehavioral tasks in specific functional domains (particularly in visuospatial abilities and psychomotor functioning) in a dose-dependent manner. Results: Sarin and cyclosarin exposure was significantly associated with less proficient neurobehavioral functioning on tasks involving fine psychomotor dexterity and visuospatial abilities 4-5 years after exposure. Conclusions: Findings suggest a dose-response association between low-level exposure to sarin and cyclosarin and specific functional central nervous system effects 4-5 years after exposure. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston Environm Hazards Ctr, Boston, MA 02130 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, Boston, MA USA. USA, Res Inst Environm Med, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med Neurol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Proctor, SP (reprint author), VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston Environm Hazards Ctr, 116B-4,150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130 USA. EM sproctor@bu.edu RI Heaton, Kristin/E-3660-2013; OI Heeren, Timothy/0000-0001-5643-3559 NR 61 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 931 EP 939 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.08.001 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 122FO UT WOS:000243211300001 PM 16982099 ER PT J AU Proctor, SP Friedl, KE AF Proctor, Susan P. Friedl, Karl E. TI Environmental modulation of neurotoxicants in military-relevant environments. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL Little Rock, AR C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1152 EP 1152 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 122FO UT WOS:000243211300039 ER PT J AU Heaton, KJ Palumbo, CL Proctor, SP Killany, RJ Yurgelun-Todd, DA White, RF AF Heaton, K. J. Palumbo, C. L. Proctor, S. P. Killany, R. J. Yurgelun-Todd, D. A. White, R. F. TI Quantitative magnetic resonance brain imaging of us army veterans with presumptive exposures to sarin and cyclosarin during the 1991 Gulf War. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL Little Rock, AR C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Boston Environm Hazards Res Ctr, VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Harvard Med Sch, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA USA. McLean Hosp, Brain Imaging Ctr, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. RI Heaton, Kristin/E-3660-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1177 EP 1177 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 122FO UT WOS:000243211300109 ER PT J AU Sheffield, JS Wendel, GD Laibl, VR Roberts, SW Sanchez, PJ Hollier, LM Hill, JB AF Sheffield, Jeanne S. Wendel, George D., Jr. Laibl, Vanessa R. Roberts, Scott W. Sanchez, Pablo J. Hollier, Lisa M. Hill, James B. TI Valacyclovir prophylaxis to prevent recurrent herpes at delivery: A randomized clinical trial - In reply SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ACYCLOVIR C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. Univ Texas, Houston Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Houston, TX USA. LBJ Gen Hosp, Houston, TX USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Sheffield, JS (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 108 IS 6 BP 1550 EP 1552 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000250082.39547.40 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 171XX UT WOS:000246769800034 ER PT J AU Wang, WC Lotem, H Forber, R Bui, K AF Wang, Wen C. Lotem, Haim Forber, Richard Bui, Kenneth TI Optical electric-field sensors SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE EO polymer; fiber optic; wide-band antenna; Mach-Zehnder interferometer; MZI; E-field sensors; probes ID MODULATORS; ANTENNA AB Based on the electro-optic ( EO ) polymer Mach-Zehnder interferometer ( MZI ) technology, IPITEK develops optical E-field sensor devices. As a receive antenna, the present device exhibits wide and flat bandwidth, up to 10 GHz. Testing the E-field sensor response was performed using a transverse electromagnetic ( TEM ) cell at frequencies from 0.2 to 1 GHz, and a set of 4 horn antennas at frequencies from 2.6 to 12 GHz. The minimum detectable E-field, E-min, was about 70 mV/ ( m root(Hz) ) for an all-dielectric field sensor and was about 7 mV/ ( m root(Hz) ) for a sensor with electrodes and a short wire loop antenna. A photonic down-conversion technique was developed to address bandwidth and receiving power limitations of the receiver photodetector. The down-conversion experimental results agree well with the theoretical heterodyne predictions. The EO polymer sensor sensitivity can be further improved by reducing the device optical insertion loss, optimizing the photodetector and detection circuitry, and using recently developed higher EO coefficients polymers. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 IPITEK, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Wang, WC (reprint author), IPITEK, 2330 Faraday Ave, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM wwang@ipitek.com NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 45 IS 12 AR 124402 DI 10.1117/1.2404611 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 134DY UT WOS:000244064300021 ER PT J AU Varner, P AF Varner, Paul TI Applying number-needed-to-treat (NNT) analysis to ophthalmic clinical trials SO OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE treatment effect; natural course of the disease; number needed to treat; randomized; controlled trials; ophthalmic clinical trials; evidence-based medicine ID SUBFOVEAL CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS TRIAL; INITIAL MORTALITY FINDINGS; HIGH-DOSE SUPPLEMENTATION; NEURITIS TREATMENT TRIAL; COMS RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA; MACULAR DEGENERATION AB Purpose. The purpose of this study is to provide a summary of the actual medical treatment effects reported by commonly cited ophthalmic randomized, controlled trials during the last 25 years to better educate individual patients and the public as a whole regarding their outcomes. Design. The author conducted a retrospective literature review. Methods. A review of English-language literature containing major ophthalmic studies was performed. Number-needed-to-treat analysis was applied to published results of reviewed studies. Results. Many current recommendations for ophthalmic treatment of various eye diseases show only moderate or limited treatment effects. Although these recommendations may provide improved outcomes over the natural courses of the diseases, they often do not have excellent outcomes that are apparent to patients or consistent with provider expectations, and the number needed to treat to attain positive outcomes remains high for some interventions. Conclusion. Eye care providers should be aware of the limitations of ophthalmic treatments published in well-known studies to provide more informed recommendations for their patients and the public at large. C1 Keller Army Community Hosp, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Varner, P (reprint author), Keller Army Community Hosp, 900 Washington Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM paul.varner@us.army.mil NR 90 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-5488 J9 OPTOMETRY VISION SCI JI Optom. Vis. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 83 IS 12 BP 919 EP 930 DI 10.1097/01.opx.0000249979.36298.40 PG 12 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 119JC UT WOS:000243007600008 PM 17164685 ER PT J AU Wang, YP Yang, K Wang, XY Nagarajan, R Samuelson, LA Kumar, J AF Wang, Yanping Yang, Ke Wang, Xiaoyu Nagarajan, Ramaswamy Samuelson, Lynne A. Kumar, Jayant TI In situ polymerization of amphiphilic diacetylene for hole transport in solid state dye-sensitized solar cells SO ORGANIC ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE polydiacetylene; hole transport; dye-sensitized solar cell ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHOTOVOLTAICS; IMPROVEMENT; ELECTRODES; DEVICE AB Solid state dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using polydiacetylene as the hole transport material. The polydiacetylene was incorporated into the nanoporous TiO2, film by solution casting of an amphiphilic diacetylene and subsequent in situ polymerization. Polydiacetylenes as prepared via solid state polymerization are crystalline, exhibiting high charge carrier mobility. Our preliminary experiments demonstrated a short-circuit current density of 3.73 mA/cm(2) and an overall power conversion efficiency of 0.62% under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm(2)). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Nanomat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, RDECOM, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Jayant_Kumar@uml.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-1199 J9 ORG ELECTRON JI Org. Electron. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 7 IS 6 BP 546 EP 550 DI 10.1016/j.orgel.2006.07.013 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 115LV UT WOS:000242736700015 ER PT J AU Scobell, A AF Scobell, Andrew TI New directions in the study of China's foreign policy. SO PACIFIC AFFAIRS LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Scobell, A (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC AFFAIRS UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA PI VANCOUVER PA #164-1855 WEST MALL, VANCOUVER, BC V6T 1Z2, CANADA SN 0030-851X J9 PAC AFF JI Pac. Aff. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 79 IS 4 BP 664 EP 665 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 161PN UT WOS:000246027800012 ER PT J AU Happi, CT Gbotosho, GO Folarin, OA Sowunmi, A Bolaji, OM Fateye, BA Kyle, DE Milhous, W Wirth, DF Oduola, AMJ AF Happi, C. T. Gbotosho, G. O. Folarin, O. A. Sowunmi, A. Bolaji, O. M. Fateye, B. A. Kyle, D. E. Milhous, W. Wirth, D. F. Oduola, A. M. J. TI Linkage disequilibrium between two distinct loci in chromosomes 5 and 7 of Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo chloroquine resistance in Southwest Nigeria SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR MARKER; CLINICAL-RESPONSE; TRANSPORTER GENE; POINT MUTATIONS; PFMDR-1 GENES; PFCRT GENE; MALARIA; POLYMORPHISMS; PARASITES; ASSOCIATION AB Chloroquine (CQ) resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is associated with polymorphisms in loci on pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes. In this study, we determined the association and linkage disequilibrium between in vivo CQ resistance and P. falciparum polymorphisms in pfcrt gene at codon 76 and pfmdr1 gene at codon 86 in isolates obtained from 111 children with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Nigeria. Patients were treated with standard dosage of CQ and followed up for 28 days. Filter paper samples were collected at enrollment and during follow-up for parasites genotypes and identification of pfcrt and pfmdr1 mutations. Association and linkage disequilibrium between mutant pfcrtT76 and pfmdr1Y86 alleles in pretreatment isolates of P. falciparum was determined. Fifty-five out of the 111 patients (49.5%) failed treatment. Single mutant pfcrtT76 or pfmdr1Y86 alleles were found in 55 out of 111 P. falciparum isolates screened at enrollment. Of these 55 isolates, the mutant pfcrtT76 and pfmdr1Y86 alleles were found in 84%. Both mutant pfcrtT76 (p = 0.0196) and pfmdr1Y86 (p = 0.000042) alleles were associated with in vivo CQ resistance. In addition, the mutant pfcrtT76 (p = 0.047) and pfmdr1Y86 (p = 0.006) alleles were significantly selected by CQ in patients who failed treatment. Association analysis between paired single alleles at pfcrt and pfmdr1 loci showed a significant association (p = 0.0349 and chi(2)= 4.45) between the pfcrt T76 allele on chromosome 7 and the pfmdr1Y86 allele on chromosome 5 and that these two mutant alleles were in linkage disequilibrium (p = 0.000, D' = 0.64, and r(2) = 0.28). Considering the high level of CQ resistance and drug use in the study area, the observed linkage disequilibrium between the mutant pfcrtT76 and pfmdr1Y86 alleles is maintained epistatically through directional CQ selective pressure. C1 Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Inst Adv Med Res & Training, Malaria Res Labs, Ibadan, Nigeria. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. WHO, Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Happi, CT (reprint author), Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Inst Adv Med Res & Training, Malaria Res Labs, Ibadan, Nigeria. EM christianhappi@hotmail.com FU FIC NIH HHS [R03TW006298-01A1] NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s00436-006-0246-4 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 107DB UT WOS:000242149800019 PM 16874478 ER PT J AU Kratovil, T Bulas, D Driscoll, MC Speller-Brown, B McCarter, R Minniti, CP AF Kratovil, Tonya Bulas, Dorothy Driscoll, M. Catherine Speller-Brown, Barbara McCarter, Robert Minniti, Caterina P. TI Hydroxyurea therapy lowers TCD velocities in children with sickle cell disease SO PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER LA English DT Article DE hydroxyurea; sickle cell disease; stroke; transcranial doppler ID TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER; STROKE; ANEMIA; PREVENTION; RISK; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; TRANSFUSIONS; EXPERIENCE; TRIAL AB Introduction. Hydroxyurea (HU) improves hematologic parameters and decreases adverse events in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). HU has been proposed as an alternative to chronic transfusions for secondary stroke prevention. Transcranial doppler (TCD) is an accepted method of stroke risk stratification in patients with SCD. We sought to determine if HU affects TCD velocities in children with SCD. Methods. A cohort of 24 children with HbSS with a baseline TCDi prior to HU and a follow-up after at least 6 months of therapy was analyzed. Twenty-four age-matched children with HbSS formed the control group. Differences in hematologic parameters before and after HU therapy were evaluated. Results. TCDi velocities decreased in the HU-treated patients. The adjusted mean change in TCDi velocities was -13.0 cm/sec (95% Cl -20.19, -5.92) in the HU-treated group and +4.72 cm/sec (95% Cl -3.24, 12.69) in the controls. Changes in TCDi between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Changes in hematologic parameters were not predictive of changes in TCDi velocities in the treated patients. Four out of five patients with TCDi velocities > 170 cm/sec had normalization of TCDi velocities on HU. Mean change was -34.75 cm/sec in this subgroup. No patients experienced cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) while on HU. Conclusions. HU-treated patients experienced statistically significant decreases in TCDi velocities compared to age-matched controls. Changes in hematologic parameters were not predictive of changes in TCDi velocities in the treated group. The decrease in TCDi velocities is not a consequence of changes in hematologic values in patients treated with HU. C1 Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Biostat & Informat Unit, Washington, DC 20010 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Radiol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Minniti, CP (reprint author), Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM cminniti@cnmc.org NR 25 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1545-5009 J9 PEDIATR BLOOD CANCER JI Pediatr. Blood Cancer PD DEC PY 2006 VL 47 IS 7 BP 894 EP 900 DI 10.1002/pbc.20819 PG 7 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA 102IH UT WOS:000241803700007 PM 16526051 ER PT J AU Killgore, WDS Killgore, DB Ganesan, G Krugler, AL Kamimori, GH AF Killgore, William D. S. Killgore, Desiree B. Ganesan, Goutham Krugler, Alexandra L. Kamimori, Gary H. TI Trait-anger enhances effects of caffeine on psychomotor vigilance performance SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Article ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SENSITIVITY; PHARMACOKINETICS; RESPONSES AB This study examined the combined effects of caffeine and the personality attribute of trait-anger on the speed of psychomotor vigilance performance during sleep deprivation. 23 young adult soldiers (19 male) were administered the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 when well-rested. Participants were then sleep deprived for three consecutive nights (77 hours total) during which they completed repeated psychomotor vigilance testing. Half of the participants received four doses of oral caffeine (200 mg every 2 hr.; 800 mg total) each night, while the other half were administered a placebo. For the first night, higher scores on trait-anger, outward anger expression, and intensity of anger expression predicted better sustained overnight vigilance performance, but only for those volunteers receiving caffeine. These correlations were not significant for the subsequent nights. Findings suggest a possible synergistic effect between personality traits associated with arousal of the central nervous system and vigilance-promoting effects of caffeine. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Killgore, WDS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM william.killgore@na.amedd.army.mil OI Killgore, William/0000-0002-5328-0208 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0031-5125 J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL JI Percept. Mot. Skills PD DEC PY 2006 VL 103 IS 3 BP 883 EP 886 DI 10.2466/PMS.103.3.883-886 PG 4 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 133KE UT WOS:000244011000036 PM 17326518 ER PT J AU Kahn-Greene, ET Lipizzi, EL Conrad, AK Kamimori, GH Killgore, WDS AF Kahn-Greene, Ellen T. Lipizzi, Erica L. Conrad, Amy K. Kamimori, Gary H. Killgore, William D. S. TI Sleep deprivation adversely affects interpersonal responses to frustration SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE sleep deprivation; frustration; aggression; Rosenzweig picture; frustration study; stress; assertiveness; emotional intelligence ID ROSENZWEIG PICTURE-FRUSTRATION; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; DECISION-MAKING; CAFFEINE; PERFORMANCE; VALIDITY; BEHAVIOR; RELIABILITY AB Sleep deprivation produces negative effects on mood and cognitive function, but existing data have almost exclusively utilized objective rating scales, which do not permit evaluation of idiosyncratic and unstructured responses. In this study, we used a semi-projective measure, the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study, to assess subjective responses to frustration following two nights without sleep. Twenty-six healthy volunteers completed the P-F at rested baseline and again following 55 h of continuous wakefulness. Participants provided written responses for an ambiguous cartoon character confronted with various frustrating situations. Relative to rested baseline, sleep deprivation was associated with altered responses on several indices, indicating a great number of uncommon types of responses, increased tendency to blame others for problems, and a reduced willingness to alleviate a conflict situation by accepting blame. Individual differences in several aspects of emotional intelligence were predictive of the extent to which responses to frustration changed with sleep loss. These findings suggest that sleep deprivation significantly weakens the inhibition of aggression and willingness to behave in ways that facilitate effective social interaction, possibly through reduced metabolic activity in prefrontal regions of the brain important for personality, affect, and inhibitory behavior. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Killgore, WDS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM william.killgore@na.amedd.army.mil OI Killgore, William/0000-0002-5328-0208 NR 32 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 8 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8869 J9 PERS INDIV DIFFER JI Pers. Individ. Differ. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1433 EP 1443 DI 10.1016/j.paid.2006.06.002 PG 11 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 111OH UT WOS:000242462000006 ER PT J AU Song, M Cole, DM Baker, I AF Song, M. Cole, D. M. Baker, I. TI Investigation of Newtonian creep in polycrystalline ice SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HARPER-DORN CREEP; DISLOCATION-BASED ANALYSIS; STRAINS AB The mechanism for Newtonian creep in polycrystalline ice has been studied. It is shown that the creep can be explained by dislocation glide along the basal plane with a constant dislocation density. The experimentally determined creep-rates agree well with the values calculated using Cole's constitutive model based on dislocation glide. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Cent S Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Baker, I (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM ian.baker@dartmouth.edu RI Song, Min/C-3730-2013 OI Song, Min/0000-0002-3197-4647 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 86 IS 12 BP 763 EP 771 DI 10.1080/09500830601023787 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 119PU UT WOS:000243025400002 ER PT J AU Okasaka, M Takaishi, Y Kashiwada, Y Kodzhimatov, OK Ashurmetov, O Lin, AJ Consentino, LM Lee, KH AF Okasaka, Mamoru Takaishi, Yoshihisa Kashiwada, Yoshiki Kodzhimatov, Olimjon K. Ashurmetov, Ozodbek Lin, Ai J. Consentino, L. Mark Lee, Kuo-Hslung TI Terpenoids from Juniperus polycarpus var. seravschanica SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Jumperus polycarpus var. seravschanica; Cupressaceae; sesquiterpenoid; diterpenoid; antimalarial activity ID ANTI-AIDS AGENTS; C-13 NMR; ABIETANE DITERPENOIDS; LARIX-KAEMPFERI; LEAVES; CHINENSIS; DEPRESSA; ACID; SESQUITERPENES; FLAVONOIDS AB Two eudesmanes, two abietanes, two podocarpanes and other nine known compounds were isolated from the dried fruits of Juniperus polycarpus var. seravschanica. Their structures were established on the basis of analysis of spectroscopic evidence. Some of the isolated terpenoids showed antimalarial activity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokushima, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Tokushima 7708505, Japan. Inst Bot & Bot Garden, Tashkent 700143, Uzbekistan. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ N Carolina, Nat Prod Lab, Div Med Chem & Nat Prod, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Takaishi, Y (reprint author), Univ Tokushima, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Shomachi 1-78-1, Tokushima 7708505, Japan. EM takaishi@ph.tokushima-u.ac.jp NR 32 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD DEC PY 2006 VL 67 IS 24 BP 2635 EP 2640 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.07.020 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 118PS UT WOS:000242954800004 PM 16956634 ER PT J AU Deming, D Sheahan, T Heise, M Yount, B Davis, N Sims, A Suthar, M Harkema, J Whitmore, A Pickles, R West, A Donaldson, E Curtis, K Johnston, R Baric, R AF Deming, Damon Sheahan, Timothy Heise, Mark Yount, Boyd Davis, Nancy Sims, Amy Suthar, Mehul Harkema, Jack Whitmore, Alan Pickles, Raymond West, Ande Donaldson, Eric Curtis, Kristopher Johnston, Robert Baric, Ralph TI Vaccine efficacy in senescent mice challenged with recombinant SARS-CoV bearing epidemic and zoonotic spike variants SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE-RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME; GERMINAL CENTER REACTION; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS RSV; SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS; BALB/C MICE; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; DNA VACCINE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN AB Background In 2003, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was identified as the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome, a disease characterized by severe pneumonia that sometimes results in death. SARS-CoV is a zoonotic virus that crossed the species barrier, most likely originating from bats or from other species including civets, raccoon dogs, domestic cats, swine, and rodents. A SARS-CoV vaccine should confer long-term protection, especially in vulnerable senescent populations, against both the 2003 epidemic strains and zoonotic strains that may yet emerge from animal reservoirs. We report the comprehensive investigation of SARS vaccine efficacy in young and senescent mice following homologous and heterologous challenge. Methods and Findings Using Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRP) expressing the 2003 epidemic Urbani SARS-CoV strain spike (S) glycoprotein (VRP-S) or the nucleocapsid (N) protein from the same strain (VRP-N), we demonstrate that VRP-S, but not VRP-N vaccines provide complete short-and long-term protection against homologous strain challenge in young and senescent mice. To test VRP vaccine efficacy against a heterologous SARS-CoV, we used phylogenetic analyses, synthetic biology, and reverse genetics to construct a chimeric virus (icGDO3-S) encoding a synthetic S glycoprotein gene of the most genetically divergent human strain, GDO3, which clusters among the zoonotic SARS-CoV. icGD03-S replicated efficiently in human airway epithelial cells and in the lungs of young and senescent mice, and was highly resistant to neutralization with antisera directed against the Urbani strain. Although VRP-S vaccines provided complete short-term protection against heterologous icGD03-S challenge in young mice, only limited protection was seen in vaccinated senescent animals. VRP-N vaccines not only failed to protect from homologous or heterologous challenge, but resulted in enhanced immunopathology with eosinophilic infiltrates within the lungs of SARS-CoV challenged mice. VRP-N-induced pathology presented at day 4, peaked around day 7, and persisted through day 14, and was likely mediated by cellular immune responses. Conclusions This study identifies gaps and challenges in vaccine design for controlling future SARS-CoV zoonosis, especially in vulnerable elderly populations. The availability of a SARS-CoV virus bearing heterologous S glycoproteins provides a robust challenge inoculum for evaluating vaccine efficacy against zoonotic strains, the most likely source of future outbreaks. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Carolina Vaccine Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. RP Baric, R (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM rbaric@email.unc.edu RI Suthar, Mehul/B-2015-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI05944302, AI059136, R01 AI059136] NR 81 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 3 IS 12 BP 2359 EP 2375 AR e525 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030525 PG 17 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125ZR UT WOS:000243482500028 PM 17194199 ER PT J AU Yeshwant, SC Summers, RM Yao, JH Brickman, DS Choi, JR Pickhardt, PJ AF Yeshwant, Srinath C. Summers, Ronald M. Yao, Jianhua Brickman, Daniel S. Choi, J. Richard Pickhardt, Perry J. TI Polyps: Linear and volumetric measurement at CT colonography SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONIC POLYPS; IN-VITRO; COLONOSCOPY; SIZE; SEGMENTATION AB Purpose: To retrospectively determine which of several computed tomographic (CT) colongraphy-based polyp measurements is most compatible with the linear measurement at optical colonoscopy and which is best for assessing change in polyp size. Materials and Methods: This HIPAA-compliant study had institutional review board approval; informed consent was obtained. Prone and supine CT colonography with same-day optical colonoscopy was performed in 216 patients (147 men and 69 women; age range, 46-79 years; mean age, 59.2 years) with 338 polyps detected at CT colonography. Polyp size was measured with three linear measurements and two volume measurements. One linear measurement and one volume measurement were preformed by using automated segmentation; remaining measurements were performed manually. Compatibility with linear size at optical colonoscopy and measurement reproducibility were assessed three ways; variation from size measurement at optical colonoscopy, change between prone and supine scans, and variability between observers. Confidence analysis assess the ability of each measurement of 1 cm or greater. Results; Two hundred fifty-one segmentable polyps were present on both supine and prone scans. Linear polyp diameter manually measured on a three-dimensional endoluminally viewed surface (L-M3D) indicated with 95% confidence that a polyp measured as 0.8 cm or smaller was less than 1.0 cm at optical colonoscopy. Prone and supine polyp size difference was smallest for L-M3D and the linear diameter computed from manual and automated volume measurements, with interquartile ranges smaller than or equal to 0.3, 0.2 and 0.5 cm, respectively. Interobserver and intraobserver variability was smallest for linear polyp diameter measurements on a two-dimensional display, with a mean percentage difference of 2.8% (95% Bland-Altman limits of agreement: -17.8%, 23.4%) and 5.0% (95% Bland-Altman limits of agreement: -25.3%, 38.3%), respectively. Conclusion: L-M3D best approximated polyp size measurements at optical colonoscopy. Linear diameter calculated from automated volume measurements showed the smallest variation between supine and prone scans while avoiding observer variability and may be best for assessing polyp size changes with serial examinations. C1 NIH, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Summers, RM (reprint author), NIH, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Ctr Clin, Bldg 10,Room 1C351,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1182, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rms@nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 22 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 241 IS 3 BP 802 EP 811 DI 10.1148/radiol.2413051534 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 109BM UT WOS:000242282900022 PM 17114627 ER PT J AU Samet, ED AF Samet, ED TI 'Blucher's elephant' SO RARITAN-A QUARTERLY REVIEW LA English DT Poetry C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Samet, ED (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RARITAN-A QUARTERLY REVIEW PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA RUTGERS UNIV, 31 MINE ST, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 USA SN 0275-1607 J9 RARITAN JI Raritan-Q. Rev. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 45 EP 46 PG 2 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA 015BT UT WOS:000235527600007 ER PT J AU Martin, M Thadhani, NN Kecskes, L Dowding, R AF Martin, M. Thadhani, N. N. Kecskes, L. Dowding, R. TI Instrumented anvil-on-rod impact testing of a bulk metallic glass composite for constitutive model validation SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE high-strain-rate; constitutive equations; bulk metallic glass composite ID DYNAMIC YIELD STRENGTH; SHOCK-WAVE RESPONSE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; MATRIX COMPOSITES; COMPRESSION; TUNGSTEN; CRITERION; FAILURE; ALLOY AB Instrumented anvil-on-rod impact testing is used to investigate the high-strain-rate mechanical behavior of Zr-based bulk metallic glass composite containing 70 vol.% tungsten. Transient deformation profiles and sample back surface velocity traces are obtained using high speed digital imaging and VISAR velocity interferometry, and compared with those generated with finite element simulations. The comparisons provide validation of constitutive models and elucidation of response dominated either by glass matrix, or tungsten reinforcement, or rule of mixtures combination of properties of the two phases. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL WMMB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Thadhani, NN (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM naresh.thadhani@mse.gatech.edu RI Trexler, Morgana/E-9003-2013; Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014; Dowding, Robert/F-1469-2015 OI Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729; Dowding, Robert/0000-0002-4763-2131 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 55 IS 11 BP 1019 EP 1022 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.08.009 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 094MC UT WOS:000241242500013 ER PT J AU Cardi, AA Adams, DE Walsh, S AF Cardi, Adam A. Adams, Douglas E. Walsh, Shawn TI Ceramic body armor single impact force identification on a compliant torso using acceleration response mapping SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE force identification; inverse problem; body armor; impact testing; rigid body mechanics ID STIFFENED COMPOSITE PANELS; LOAD AB This research proposes and experimentally implements a new method to identify the location and magnitude of a single impulsive excitation to body armor. The technique could easily be extended to other components that undergo rigid body dynamics. Impact loads are identified in two steps. First, the location of the impact force is determined from time domain acceleration responses by comparing them to attributes of either reference acceleration time histories or the responses generated by a proposed Newtonian analytical model. Then based on that location, appropriate reference frequency response functions are used to reconstruct the input force in the frequency domain through a least squares inverse problem. Both the analytical model and experiments incorporate the mechanical properties of a deformable dummy's torso. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of this method both at low energy excitations, which are produced by a medium modally tuned impact hammer, and at high energy excitations, which are produced by dropping 0.2-0.6 kg rods from a height of 2 m. The maximum error in the estimated location or magnitude for the low energy excitations on the 10 cm square ceramic body armor was 7.07 mm with an average error of 1.09 mm. For the high energy excitations, which produced accelerations at the measurement locations up to 50 times greater than that of the low energy excitations, the maximum error in the predicted location of the input force was 11.18 mm with an average error of 6.64 mm. There was no force transducer to capture the input force on the body armor from the rod but, from non-energy-dissipative projectile motion equations, the validity of the solutions was confirmed by comparing the impulses. The frequency response functions (FRFs) used to reconstruct the input force from the rods relied on frequencies that were poorly excited by the metal-tipped modal impact hammer used to generate the FRFs. Despite this limitation, responses from impact points near the center of the tile, which were predominantly comprised of frequencies in a regime where the FRFs were adequately excited, were successfully used to reconstruct the input forces with impulses close to theoretical predictions. Optimal sensor locations for predicting the impact location are also determined with the use of a genetic algorithm that utilizes a fitness function derived from the proposed physics-based analytical model. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Army Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Lab, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Adams, DE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, 140 S Intramural Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM deadams@purdue.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 EI 1741-3168 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 5 IS 4 BP 355 EP 372 DI 10.1177/1475921706067763 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 120GC UT WOS:000243071500005 ER PT J AU Godfrey, TA Bosselman, SE AF Godfrey, Thomas A. Bosselman, Suzanne E. TI Fragmentation in a model two-component fibrous structure SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fragmentation; shear forces; fiber strains; friction; fibrous assemblies AB A simple micromechanical model for the deformation of an isolated fiber fragment embedded within a bundle of continuous filaments is used to study progressive fragmentation of the low elongation-to-break (LE) fiber component during extension of a model two-component fibrous structure. The model structure, representing a blended yarn or cord, is realized in experimental specimens by helically wrapping a number of high elongation-to-break (HE) components around a straight central LE component; polyester sewing thread and cotton sewing thread are used is this work as the HE and LE components, respectively. The concept of a characteristic fragment length, involving the failure statistics of a fragment as influenced by the interaction forces between the fragment and the surrounding fibrous medium, is used to interpret the fragmentation experiments and calibrate a dimensionless parameter in the micromechanical model. The calibrated model is shown to provide insight into force interactions between the fragment and the surrounding structure. Bounds are established on the force interaction behavior associated with possible variations in the value of a constitutive parameter. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Godfrey, TA (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM godfreyt@natick.army.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 76 IS 12 BP 883 EP 895 DI 10.1177/0040517506057444 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 190CR UT WOS:000248036100002 ER PT J AU German, AC Myint, KSA Mai, NTH Pomeroy, I Phu, NH Tzartos, J Winter, P Collett, J Farrar, J Barrett, A Kipar, A Esiri, MM Solomon, T AF German, Allison C. Myint, Khin Saw Aye Mai, Nguyen Thi Hoang Pomeroy, Ian Phu, Nguyen Hoan Tzartos, John Winter, Peter Collett, Jennifer Farrar, Jeremy Barrett, Alan Kipar, Anja Esiri, Margaret M. Solomon, Tom TI A preliminary neuropathological study of Japanese encephalitis in humans and a mouse model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE arbovirus; Japanese encephalitis; zoonosis; blood brain barrier ID EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NILE-VIRUS-INFECTIONS; SEMLIKI FOREST VIRUS; WEST-NILE; B-ENCEPHALITIS; BRAIN NEURONS; CELLS; PATHOGENESIS; DISEASE AB Japanese encephalitis virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes approximately 10000 deaths annually in Asia. After a brief viraemia, the virus enters the central nervous system, but the means of crossing the blood-brain barrier is uncertain. We used routine histological staining, immunohistology and electron microscopy to examine brain material from four fatal human cases, and made comparisons with material from a mouse model. In human material there was oedema, perivascular inflammation, haemorrhage, microglial nodules and acellular necrotic foci, as has been described previously. In addition, there was new evidence suggestive of viral replication in the vascular endothelium, with endothelial cell damage; this included occasional viral antigen staining, uneven binding of the vascular endothelial cells to Ulex europaeus agglutinin I and ultrastructural changes. Viral antigen was also found in neurons. There was an active astrocytic response, as shown by glial fibrillary acidic protein staining, and activation of microglial cells was demonstrated by an increase in major histocompatibility complex class II expression. Similar inflammatory infiltrates and a microglial reaction were observed in mouse brain tissue. In addition, beta-amyloid precursor protein staining indicated impaired axonal transport. Whether these findings are caused by viral replication in the vascular endothelium or the immune response merits further investigation. (C) 2006 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Liverpool, Viral Brain Infect Grp, Div Med Microbiol, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. Univ Liverpool, Div Neurol Sci, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Cho Quan Hosp, Ctr Trop Dis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Radcliffe Infirm, Dept Neuropathol, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Clin Res Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immun, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Vet Pathol, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Solomon, T (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Viral Brain Infect Grp, Div Med Microbiol, 8th Floor Duncan Bldg, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. EM tsolomon@liv.ac.uk RI Kipar, Anja/L-7214-2014; OI Farrar, Jeremy/0000-0002-2700-623X FU Medical Research Council [G116/194]; Wellcome Trust [054682] NR 51 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 EI 1878-3503 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 100 IS 12 BP 1135 EP 1145 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.02.008 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 105DM UT WOS:000242009500008 PM 16814333 ER PT J AU Parekh, DJ Ankerst, DP Higgins, BA Hernandez, J Canby-Hagino, E Brand, T Troyer, DA Leach, RJ Thompson, IM AF Parekh, Dipen J. Ankerst, Donna Pauler Higgins, Betsy A. Hernandez, Javier Canby-Hagino, Edith. Brand, Timothy Troyer, Dean A. Leach, Robin J. Thompson, Ian M. TI External validation of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator in a screened population SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN; NOMOGRAM; BIOPSY; NG/ML; MEN; LEVEL AB Objectives. To evaluate the recently developed Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) prostate cancer risk calculator in the San Antonio Center of Biomarkers of Risk for Prostate Cancer (SABOR) cohort of the Early Detection Research Network, a younger and more ethnically diverse population than that in the PCPT. Methods. From 3488 SABOR participants, we identified 446 who had undergone prostate biopsy and had undergone prostate-specific antigen measurement and digital rectal examination before biopsy. Most biopsies were performed for abnormal digital rectal examination findings, a prostate-specific antigen level of more than 2.5 ng/mL, or elevated risk because of a first-degree relative with prostate cancer. We evaluated the operating characteristics of the PCPT calculator for detecting prostate cancer in this cohort of SABOR participants. Of the 446 men in this cohort, 24% were younger than 55 years of age. Results. Of the 446 men who had undergone biopsy, 148 (33.2%) had prostate cancer. The observed SABOR prostate cancer rates increased with increasing PCPT risk: 15.7%, 39.0%, 48.8%, and 100.0% for a PCPT risk calculator value of less than 25%, 25% to 50%, 50% to 75%, and greater than 75%, respectively. The PCPT risk calculator had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 65.5% (95% confidence interval 60.2% to 70.8%, P < 0.0001), was greater in African-American men (area under curve of 80.0%, 95% confidence interval 67.8% to 92.2%) than in other races (P = 0.02), and was not different in Hispanic men (P > 0.05). Conclusions. The results of our study have shown that the PCPT risk calculator, available from the Internet and incorporating the current best panel of risk factors, is valid in other, more diverse, populations. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Parekh, DJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM parekhd@uthscsa.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [U01-CA86402] NR 13 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1152 EP 1155 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2006.10.022 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 117JR UT WOS:000242869900002 PM 17169636 ER PT J AU Morey, AF AF Morey, Allen F. TI Buccal mucosal urethroplasty in patients who had multiple previous procedures - Editorial comment SO UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID URETHRAL RECONSTRUCTION C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Morey, AF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1159 EP 1159 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2006.08.1112 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 117JR UT WOS:000242869900004 ER PT J AU Mohamadzadeh, M Chen, LP Olinger, GG Pratt, WD Schmaljohn, AL AF Mohamadzadeh, Mansour Chen, Lieping Olinger, Gene G. Pratt, William D. Schmaljohn, Alan L. TI Filoviruses and the balance of innate, adaptive, and inflammatory responses SO VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EBOLA-VIRUS-INFECTION; I INTERFERON RESPONSE; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; MARBURG-VIRUS; DENDRITIC CELLS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; GUINEA-PIGS; DC-SIGN; POSTEXPOSURE PROTECTION AB The Filoviruses Marburg virus and Ebola virus are among the deadliest of human pathogens, causing fulminant hemorrhagic fevers typified by overmatched specific immune responses and profuse inflammatory responses. Keys to both vaccination and treatment may reside, first, in the understanding of immune dysfunctions that parallel Filoviral disease and, second, in devising ways to redirect and restore normal immune function as well as to mitigate inflammation. Here, we describe how Filoviral infections may subvert innate immune responses through perturbances of dendritic cells and neutrophils, with particular emphasis on the downstream effects on adaptive immunity and inflammation. We suggest that pivotal events may be subject to therapeutic intervention as Filoviruses encounter immune processes. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Mohamadzadeh, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM Mansour.mohamadzadeh@det.amedd.army.mil FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 59590-01] NR 86 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0882-8245 J9 VIRAL IMMUNOL JI Viral Immunol. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 4 BP 602 EP 612 DI 10.1089/vim.2006.0076 PG 11 WC Immunology; Virology SC Immunology; Virology GA 124DD UT WOS:000243346600002 PM 17201655 ER PT J AU Belfort, R Harrison, SA Brown, K Darland, C Finch, J Hardies, J Balas, B Gastaldelli, A Tio, F Pulcini, J Berria, R Ma, JZ Dwivedi, S Havranek, R Fincke, C DeFronzo, R Bannayan, GA Schenker, S Cusi, K AF Belfort, Renata Harrison, Stephen A. Brown, Kenneth Darland, Celia Finch, Joan Hardies, Jean Balas, Bogdan Gastaldelli, Amalia Tio, Fermin Pulcini, Joseph Berria, Rachele Ma, Jennie Z. Dwivedi, Sunil Havranek, Russell Fincke, Chris DeFronzo, Ralph Bannayan, George A. Schenker, Steven Cusi, Kenneth TI A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FATTY LIVER-DISEASE; HEPATIC INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; TYPE-2 DIABETIC-PATIENTS; WEIGHT-LOSS; PLASMA ADIPONECTIN; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; OBESE SUBJECTS; RAT-LIVER; VITAMIN-E AB BACKGROUND: No pharmacologic therapy has conclusively proved to be effective for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which is characterized by insulin resistance, steatosis, and necroinflammation with or without centrilobular fibrosis. Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that ameliorates insulin resistance and improves glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: We randomly assigned 55 patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes and liver biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to 6 months of treatment with a hypocaloric diet (a reduction of 500 kcal per day in relation to the calculated daily intake required to maintain body weight) plus pioglitazone (45 mg daily) or a hypocaloric diet plus placebo. Before and after treatment, we assessed hepatic histologic features, hepatic fat content by means of magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and glucose turnover during an oral glucose tolerance test ([(C-14]glucose given with the oral glucose load and [H-3]glucose given by intravenous infusion). RESULTS: Diet plus pioglitazone, as compared with diet plus placebo, improved glycemic control and glucose tolerance (P<0.001), normalized liver aminotransferase levels as it decreased plasma aspartate aminotransferase levels (by 40% vs. 21%, P=0.04), decreased alanine aminotransferase levels (by 58% vs. 34%, P<0.001), decreased hepatic fat content (by 54% vs. 0%, P<0.001), and increased hepatic insulin sensitivity (by 48% vs. 14%, P=0.008). Administration of pioglitazone, as compared with placebo, was associated with improvement in histologic findings with regard to steatosis (P=0.003), ballooning necrosis (P=0.02), and inflammation (P=0.008). Subjects in the pioglitazone group had a greater reduction in necroinflammation (85% vs. 38%, P=0.001), but the reduction in fibrosis did not differ significantly from that in the placebo group (P=0.08). Fatigue and mild lower-extremity edema developed in one subject who received pioglitazone; no other adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this proof-of-concept study, the administration of pioglitazone led to metabolic and histologic improvement in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Larger controlled trials of longer duration are warranted to assess the long-term clinical benefit of pioglitazone. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Diabet Div, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Audie L Murphy Div, San Antonio, TX USA. CNR, Inst Clin Physiol, Pisa, Italy. RP Cusi, K (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Diabet Div, Rm 3-3805,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM cusi@uthscsa.edu RI Gastaldelli, Amalia/H-3319-2014 OI Gastaldelli, Amalia/0000-0003-2594-1651 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-01346] NR 38 TC 790 Z9 814 U1 1 U2 21 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 22 BP 2297 EP 2307 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa060326 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 110CG UT WOS:000242355300005 PM 17135584 ER PT J AU Lee, JK Grace, KA Taylor, AJ AF Lee, Jeannie K. Grace, Karen A. Taylor, Allen J. TI FAME (The Federal Study of Adherence to Medications in the Elderly): A randomized controlled trial on the impact of a medication adherence program on control of lipids and blood pressure SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 28 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 22 BP 2424 EP 2424 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 125XS UT WOS:000243477400018 ER PT J AU Dautrich, MS Lenahan, PM Lelis, AJ AF Dautrich, Morgen S. Lenahan, Patrick M. Lelis, Aivars J. TI Identification of trapping defects in 4H-silicon carbide metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors by electrically detected magnetic resonance SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-DEPENDENT RECOMBINATION; DEEP-LEVEL CENTERS; SILICON-CARBIDE; DIOXIDE INTERFACE; SURFACE; 4H AB In conventional Si/SiO2-based metal oxide semiconductor devices, performance-limiting semiconductor/dielectric interface traps are localized precisely at the Si/SiO2 boundary. The authors show that in high-quality SiC/SiO2-based devices, this is not necessarily the case. Magnetic resonance and electrical measurements indicate that in relatively high quality 4H-SiC metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors, there exist relatively high concentrations of intrinsic deep level defect centers extending below the SiC/SiO2 interface into the SiC bulk. The primary defect observed is almost certainly an intrinsic defect of high symmetry, most likely a silicon vacancy center. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dautrich, MS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM msd153@psu.edu NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 22 AR 223502 DI 10.1063/1.2388923 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 112PJ UT WOS:000242538500119 ER PT J AU Shultz, DA Sloop, JC Washington, G AF Shultz, David A. Sloop, Joseph C. Washington, Gary TI Design, synthesis, and properties of conformationally fixed semiquinone monoradical species SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRIMETHYLENEMETHANE-TYPE BIRADICALS; SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION; RADICAL-ANIONS; COMPLEXES; EXCHANGE; EPR; SUBSTITUENTS; NITROXIDES; RESONANCE; LIGANDS AB The design of novel, functionalized semiquinone ( SQ) ligands which combine structural rigidity and electron-withdrawing, electron-donating, and electroneutral substituents enables investigation of multiple structure-property relationships and building blocks for new materials, including components of sensors, switches, and molecular spintronics. Along these lines, we report the synthesis of several new SQ ligands containing fused heterocyclic ring systems. Using both electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations, we show how spin density is affected by the fused ring system substituents. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Chem & Life Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sloop, JC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Chem & Life Sci, 646 Swift Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM joseph.sloop@usma.edu OI Sloop, Joseph/0000-0001-7639-0234 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD NOV 24 PY 2006 VL 71 IS 24 BP 9104 EP 9113 DI 10.1021/jo061502j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 106TJ UT WOS:000242123900015 PM 17109536 ER PT J AU Thera, MA Doumbo, OK Coulibaly, D Diallo, DA Sagara, I Dicko, A Diemert, DJ Heppner, DG Stewart, VA Angov, E Soisson, L Leach, A Tucker, K Lyke, KE Plowe, CV AF Thera, Mahamadou A. Doumbo, Ogobara K. Coulibaly, Drissa Diallo, Dapa A. Sagara, Issaka Dicko, Alassane Diemert, David J. Heppner, D. Gray, Jr. Stewart, V. Ann Angov, Evelina Soisson, Lorraine Leach, Amanda Tucker, Kathryn Lyke, Kirsten E. Plowe, Christopher V. CA Mali FMP1 Working Grp TI Safety and allele-specific immunogenicity of a malaria vaccine in Malian adults: Results of a phase I randomized trial SO PLOS CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; BANDIAGARA; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; DISEASE AB Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and allele-specific immunogenicity of the blood-stage malaria vaccine FMP1/AS02A in adults exposed to seasonal malaria and the impact of natural infection on vaccine-induced antibody levels. Design: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled phase I clinical trial. Setting: Bandiagara, Mali, West Africa, is a rural town with intense seasonal transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Participants: Forty healthy, malaria-experienced Malian adults aged 18-55 y were enrolled. Interventions: The FMP1/AS02A malaria vaccine is a 42-kDa recombinant protein based on the carboxy-terminal end of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1(42)) from the 3D7 clone of P. falciparum, adjuvanted with AS02A. The control vaccine was a killed rabies virus vaccine (Imovax). Participants were randomized to receive either FMP1/AS02A or rabies vaccine at 0, 1, and 2 mo and were followed for 1 y. Outcome Measures: Solicited and unsolicited adverse events and allele-specific antibody responses to recombinant MSP-1(42) and its subunits derived from P. falciparum strains homologous and heterologous to the 3D7 vaccine strain were measured. Results: Transient local pain and swelling were more common in the malaria vaccine group than in the control group (11/20 versus 3/20 and 10/20 versus 6/20, respectively). MSP-1(42) antibody levels rose during the malaria transmission season in the control group, but were significantly higher in malaria vaccine recipients after the second immunization and remained higher after the third immunization relative both to baseline and to the control group. Immunization with the malaria vaccine was followed by significant increases in antibodies recognizing three diverse MSP-1(42) alleles and their subunits. Conclusions: FMP1/AS02A was well tolerated and highly immunogenic in adults exposed to intense seasonal malaria transmission and elicited immune responses to genetically diverse parasite clones. Anti-MSP-1(42) antibody levels followed a seasonal pattern that was significantly augmented and prolonged by the malaria vaccine. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Stat Collaborat, Washington, DC USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. RP Plowe, CV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM cplowe@medicine.umaryland.edu OI Diemert, David/0000-0002-2789-0512 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW001589]; NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI85346] NR 17 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1555-5887 J9 PLOS CLIN TRIALS JI PLos Clin. Trials PD NOV 24 PY 2006 VL 1 IS 7 AR e34 DI 10.1371/journal.pctr.0010034 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 150SU UT WOS:000245239100002 PM 17124530 ER PT J AU Withers, MR McKinney, D Ogutu, BR Waitumbi, JN Milman, JB Apollo, OJ Allen, OG Tucker, K Soisson, LA Diggs, C Leach, A Wittes, J Dubovsky, F Stewart, VA Remich, SA Cohen, J Ballou, WR Holland, CA Lyon, JA Angov, E Stoute, JA Martin, SK Heppner, DG AF Withers, Mark R. McKinney, Denise Ogutu, Bernhards R. Waitumbi, John N. Milman, Jessica B. Apollo, Odika J. Allen, Otieno G. Tucker, Kathryn Soisson, Lorraine A. Diggs, Carter Leach, Amanda Wittes, Janet Dubovsky, Filip Stewart, V. Ann Remich, Shon A. Cohen, Joe Ballou, W. Ripley Holland, Carolyn A. Lyon, Jeffrey A. Angov, Evelina Stoute, Jose A. Martin, Samuel K. Heppner, D. Gray, Jr. CA MSP-1 Malaria Vaccine Working Grp TI Safety and reactogenicity of an MSP-1 malaria vaccine candidate: A randomized phase Ib dose-escalation trial in Kenyan children SO PLOS CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; C-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; SERUM ANTIBODIES; WESTERN KENYA; AOTUS MONKEYS; CHALLENGE; INFECTION; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION AB Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of an investigational malaria vaccine. Design: This was an age-stratified phase Ib, double-blind, randomized, controlled, dose-escalation trial. Children were recruited into one of three cohorts (dosage groups) and randomized in 2: 1 fashion to receive either the test product or a comparator. Setting: The study was conducted in a rural population in Kombewa Division, western Kenya. Participants: Subjects were 135 children, aged 12-47 mo. Interventions: Subjects received 10, 25, or 50 mu g of falciparum malaria protein 1 (FMP1) formulated in 100, 250, and 500 mu L, respectively, of AS02A, or they received a comparator (Imovax(R) rabies vaccine). Outcome Measures: We performed safety and reactogenicity parameters and assessment of adverse events during solicited (7 d) and unsolicited (30 d) periods after each vaccination. Serious adverse events were monitored for 6 mo after the last vaccination. Results: Both vaccines were safe and well tolerated. FMP1/AS02A recipients experienced significantly more pain and injection-site swelling with a dose-effect relationship. Systemic reactogenicity was low at all dose levels. Hemoglobin levels remained stable and similar across arms. Baseline geometric mean titers were comparable in all groups. Anti-FMP1 antibody titers increased in a dose-dependent manner in subjects receiving FMP1/AS02A; no increase in anti-FMP1 titers occurred in subjects who received the comparator. By study end, subjects who received either 25 or 50 mu g of FMP1 had similar antibody levels, which remained significantly higher than that of those who received the comparator or 10 mu g of FMP1. A longitudinal mixed effects model showed a statistically significant effect of dosage level on immune response (F-3,F-1047 = 10.78, or F-3,F-995 = 11.22, p < 0.001); however, the comparison of 25 mu g and 50 mu g recipients indicated no significant difference (F-1,F-1047 = 0.05; p = 0.82). Conclusions: The FMP1/AS02A vaccine was safe and immunogenic in malaria-exposed 12- to 47-mo-old children and the magnitude of immune response of the 25 and 50 mu g doses was superior to that of the 10 mu g dose. C1 USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Washington, DC USA. Stat Collaborat, Washington, DC USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Withers, MR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. EM mwithers@us.army.mil RI Holland, Carolyn/B-7880-2011 NR 27 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1555-5887 J9 PLOS CLIN TRIALS JI PLos Clin. Trials PD NOV 24 PY 2006 VL 1 IS 7 AR e32 DI 10.1371/journal.pctr.0010032 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 150SU UT WOS:000245239100001 PM 17124529 ER PT J AU Atwater, TB Salkind, AJ AF Atwater, Terrill B. Salkind, Alvin J. TI Advanced manganese oxide material for rechargeable lithium cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Power Sources Symposium 2005 CY APR 19-21, 2005 CL Brighton, ENGLAND SP CEA GENEC DE rechargeable lithium cells ID DISCHARGE; ELECTRODE; DIOXIDE; CATHODE AB A family of potassium-doped manganese oxide materials were synthesized with the stoichiometric formula Li0.9-XKXMn2O4, where X = 0.0-0.25 and evaluated for their viability as a cathode material for a rechargeable lithium battery. A performance maximum was found at X = 0.1 where the initial specific capacity for the lithium-potassium-doped manganese dioxide electrochemical couple was 130mAh g(-1) of active cathode material. The discharge capacity of the system was maintained through 90 cycles (95% initial capacity). Additionally, the capacity was maintained at greater than 90% initial discharge through 200 cycles. Other variants demonstrated greater than 75% initial discharge through 200 cycles at comparable capacity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ USA. RP Atwater, TB (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM Terrill.B.Atwater@us.army.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 22 PY 2006 VL 162 IS 2 SI SI BP 773 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.07.048 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 116SB UT WOS:000242821500005 ER PT J AU Catherino, HA Burgel, JF Shi, PL Rusek, A Zou, XL AF Catherino, Henry A. Burgel, Joseph F. Shi, Peter L. Rusek, Andrew Zou, Xiulin TI Hybrid power supplies: A capacitor-assisted battery SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Power Sources Symposium 2005 CY APR 19-21, 2005 CL Brighton, ENGLAND SP CEA GENEC DE hybrid power sources; electrochemical capacitors; batteries; modeling and simulation AB A hybrid electrochemical power supply is a concept that circumvents the need for designing any single power source to meet some extraordinary application requirement. A hybrid allows using components designed for near optimal operation without having to make unnecessary performance sacrifices. In many cases some additional synergistic effects appear. In this study, an electrochemical capacitor was employed as a power assist for a battery. An engine starting load was numerically modeled in the time domain and simulations were carried out. Actual measurements were then taken on the cranking of a diesel engine removed from a 5.0-tonne military truck and cranked in an environmental chamber. The cranking currents delivered by each power source were measured in the accessible current loops. This permitted the model parameters to be identified and, by doing that, studies using the analytical model demonstrated the merit of this hybrid application. The general system response of the battery/capacitor configuration was then modeled as a function of temperature. Doing this revealed electrical the interaction between the hybrid components. This study illustrates another case for advocating hybridized power systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, AMSRD TAR RMS 121, Warren, MI 49397 USA. Gen Motors, N Amer Engn, Warren, MI 48090 USA. Oakland Univ, Dept Math Sci, Rochester, MI 48063 USA. Oakland Univ, Elect & Syst Engn Dept, Rochester, MI 48063 USA. RP Catherino, HA (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, AMSRD TAR RMS 121, Warren, MI 49397 USA. EM catherih@tacom.army.mil; joseph.burgel@gm.com; psbi@oakland.edu; rusek@oakland.edu NR 8 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 22 PY 2006 VL 162 IS 2 SI SI BP 965 EP 970 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.07.012 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 116SB UT WOS:000242821500035 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS AF Zhang, Sheng Shui TI A review on electrolyte additives for lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Review DE electrolyte; additive; solid electrolyte interface; overcharge; Li-ion battery ID REDOX SHUTTLE ADDITIVES; ELECTROCHEMICAL OVERCHARGE PROTECTION; METHYL NONAFLUOROBUTYL ETHER; FLUORINATED ALKYL PHOSPHATES; CARBONATE-BASED ELECTROLYTES; NON-FLAMMABLE ELECTROLYTE; HIGH-POWER APPLICATIONS; PC-BASED ELECTROLYTE; LI-ION; PROPYLENE CARBONATE AB This paper reviews electrolyte additives used in Li-ion batteries. According to their functions, the additives can be divided into these categories: (1) solid electrolyte interface (SEI) forming improver, (2) cathode protection agent, (3) LiPF6 salt stabilizer, (4) safety protection agent, (5) Li deposition improver, and (6) other agents such as solvation enhancer, Al corrosion inhibitor, and wetting agent. The function and mechanism of each category additives are generally described and discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD,ARL,SE, DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD,ARL,SE, DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM szhang@arl.army.mil RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 210 TC 591 Z9 608 U1 107 U2 880 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 22 PY 2006 VL 162 IS 2 SI SI BP 1379 EP 1394 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.07.074 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 116SB UT WOS:000242821500092 ER PT J AU Costanzo, PJ Demaree, JD Beyer, FL AF Costanzo, Philip J. Demaree, J. Derek Beyer, Frederick L. TI Controlling dispersion and migration of particulate additives with block copolymers and Diels-Alder chemistry SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; POLYMER BLENDS; END-GROUPS; POLYSTYRENE; SEGREGATION; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANES); METHYL-ETHER); ADSORPTION; INTERFACE AB Reversible Diels-Alder chemistry was exploited to develop thermo-responsive polymer films. Here, low molecular weight poly(styrene) (PS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were prepared with furyl and maleimido chain ends, respectively. These polymers were then tethered together to form a thiol-terminated PEG-b-PS diblock copolymer ligand via a Diels-Alder linkage and were employed to randomly disperse 10 nm diameter Au nanoparticles within a matrix of PEG. Thermal treatment caused the Diels-Alder linkages between the polymer blocks to be severed, resulting in controllable surface functionalization due to phase separation. Migration of the Au nanoparticles to the surface of the films was characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy. C1 USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Beyer, FL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM flbeyer@arl.army.mil RI Costanzo, Philip/E-8879-2011 OI Costanzo, Philip/0000-0001-6220-463X NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 21 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 24 BP 10251 EP 10257 DI 10.1021/la0624541 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 105HX UT WOS:000242022100067 PM 17107029 ER PT J AU Weldon, PJ Kramer, M Gordon, S Spande, TF Daly, JW AF Weldon, Paul J. Kramer, Matthew Gordon, Scott Spande, Thomas F. Daly, John W. TI A common pumiliotoxin from poison frogs exhibits enantioselective toxicity against mosquitoes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE alkaloids; chemical defense; dendrobatid poison frogs; insecticidal activity; skin secretions ID DENDROBATES-PUMILIO; ALKALOIDS; SKIN AB Neotropical poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) contain a variety of lipophilic alkaloids in their diffusely distributed cutaneous glands, including a major class of compounds known as pumiliotoxins. Pumiliotoxins are highly toxic and are believed to protect frogs against predators. Their potential activity against ectoparasites, however, has not been investigated. We tested female yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) for responses to 8-hydroxy-8methyl-6-(2'-methyl-hexylidene)-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane, designated pumiliotoxin 251 D [PTX (+)-251 D], a skin alkaloid present in all genera of dendrobatids and in other anurans, and to its unnatural enantiomer, PTX (-)-251D. Both enantiomers of PTX 251D presented on silicone feeding membranes reduced landing and feeding by A. aegypti, but PTX (+)-251D did so at lower concentrations. PTX (+)-251 D also induced toxicosis, shown when mosquitoes failed to fly off membranes. Similarly, mosquitoes confined with copper wires coated with PTX (+)-251D exhibited greater latencies to fly off the substrate and a higher incidence of leg autotomy than did those confined with the (-)-enantiomer. Our results on the contact toxicities of PTX 251D enantiomers parallel those reported for mice injected with them. The presentation of serial dilutions of PTX (+)-251 D to A. aegypti revealed a minimum toxic concentration of 0.1 mu g/cm(2). This value is substantially lower than that estimated for the cutaneous abundance of this compound in some frogs, an observation consistent the function of PTX 251D in anuran chemical defense against ectoparasitic arthropods. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDDK, Bioorgan Chem Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Weldon, PJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM weldonp@si.edu; jdaly@nih.gov RI Gordon, Scott/B-8875-2011 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 26 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 21 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 47 BP 17818 EP 17821 DI 10.1073/pnas.0608646103 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 111PG UT WOS:000242464900044 PM 17095598 ER PT J AU Yelleswarapu, CS Kothapalli, SR Aranda, FJ Rao, DVGLN Vaillancourt, YR Kimball, BR AF Yelleswarapu, Chandra S. Kothapalli, Sri-Rajasekhar Aranda, Francisco J. Rao, D. V. G. L. N. Vaillancourt, Yvonne R. Kimball, Brian R. TI Phase contrast imaging using photothermally induced phase transitions in liquid crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; PROCESSOR; FILTER; CELL AB Phase contrast imaging is performed for live biological species using photothermal induced birefringence in dye doped liquid crystals. Using typical 4-f configuration, when liquid crystal cell is at back focal plane of Fourier lens, low spatial frequencies at center of Fourier spectrum are intense enough to induce local liquid crystal molecules into isotropic phase, whereas high spatial frequencies on the edges are not intense enough and remain in anisotropic phase. This results in pi/2 phase difference between high and low spatial frequencies. This simple, inexpensive, all-optical, user-friendly, self-adaptive phase contrast imaging technique using low-power laser offers several distinct advantages. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Nanomat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Rao, DVGLN (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM raod@umb.edu RI Yelleswarapu, Chandra/C-4392-2011; Rao, Devulapalli/L-8863-2015 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 21 AR 211116 DI 10.1063/1.2391030 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108DH UT WOS:000242220000016 ER PT J AU Williams, AJ Ling, GSF Tortella, FC AF Williams, Anthony J. Ling, Geoffrey S. F. Tortella, Frank C. TI Severity level and injury track determine outcome following a penetrating ballistic-like brain injury in the rat SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE traumatic brain injury; ballistic; penetrating; gunshot wound; rat ID CRANIOCEREBRAL GUNSHOT WOUNDS; COMBAT CASUALTY CARE; HEAD-INJURY; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; WARFARE AB Penetrating ballistic brain injury (PBBI) is a high-energy transfer wound causing direct damage to the cerebrum. Outcome is directly related to the ballistic's anatomical path and degree of energy transfer. In this study we evaluated differences in outcome induced by altering the 'projectile' paths and severity levels of a simulated bullet wound using a newly characterized rat model of PBBI. Severity levels (5, 10, and 15%) were compared across three distinct injury paths: (1) unilateral 'frontal', (2) 'bilateral' hemispheric, and (3) unilateral 'caudal' (including cerebellum/midbrain). Outcome was assessed by differences in mortality rate and motor dysfunction (e.g. neurological and balance beam deficits). Results indicated that outcome was dependent not only on the severity level of PBBI (P < 0.00 1, r = 0.535) but also brain regions injured (P < 0.00 1, r = 0.398). A unilateral caudal injury was associated with the highest degree of mortality (up to 100%) and motor dysfunction (64-100% disability). Bilateral hemispheric injuries were also potentially fatal, while the best outcomes were associated with a unilateral frontal injury (no mortality and 14-39% motor disability). These data closely resemble clinical reports of ballistic wounds to the head and further validate the rat PBBI model with the ultimate intent to investigate novel therapeutic approaches for diagnosis and treatment of the neuropathological damage associated with PBBI. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Appl Neurobiol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Williams, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Appl Neurobiol, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Bldg 503,Room 2A40, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM anthony.williams@na.amedd.army.mil NR 18 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 408 IS 3 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.08.086 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 104LB UT WOS:000241958800006 PM 17030434 ER PT J AU Xiang, YW Johnson, EA Zhang, C Huang, GL Hayes, RL Wang, KKW Svetlov, SI AF Xiang, Yiwen Johnson, Erik A. Zhang, Chun Huang, Guangling Hayes, Ronald L. Wang, Kevin K. W. Svetlov, Stanislav I. TI Generation of aberrant forms of DFF40 concurrent with caspase-3 activation during acute and chronic liver injury in rats SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE DNA fragmentation factors; caspase-3; liver injury; ischemia/reperfusion; alcohol ID APOPTOTIC DNA FRAGMENTATION; INHIBITOR; NUCLEASE; PROTEINS; CALPAIN; SUBUNIT; DEATH AB DNA fragmentation factors (DFF) form protein complexes consisting of nuclease DFF40/CAD and inhibitory chaperon DFF45/ ICAD. Although activated caspase-3 has been shown to cleave DFF complexes with the release of active DFF40 and DNA fragmentation, the organ-specific mechanisms of DFF turnover during liver injury accompanied by massive apoptosis are unclear. In this study, we investigated hepatic profile of DFF40-immunopositive proteins in two models of liver injury in rats: acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and chronic alcohol administration. We show that DFF40-like proteins occur in intact rat liver mainly as a 52 kDa protein. Hepatic I/R-induced caspase-3 activation and a time-dependent accumulation of DFF40-positive protein fragments (40 and 20 kDa), most likely via specific caspase-3 cleavage as evidenced by in vitro digestion of intact liver tissue with recombinant caspase-3. In addition, immunoprecipitation with DFF40 followed by Western blot with active caspase-3 antibody revealed the presence of active caspase-3 in DFF40-immunopositive 20 kDa proteins. Chronic alcohol administration in rats also resulted in a dose-dependent fragmentation of DFF40 proteins similar to I/R injury. Collectively, these data demonstrate that DFF40 immunopositive proteins exist in the liver as distinct, tissue-specific molecular forms that may be processed by caspase-3 during both acute and chronic liver injury. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Lab Mol & Cellular Mech Injury, Ctr Neuroprot & Multiple Organ Injury, Dept Neurosci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Psychiat, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Svetlov, SI (reprint author), Univ Florida, Lab Mol & Cellular Mech Injury, Ctr Neuroprot & Multiple Organ Injury, Dept Neurosci, POB 100244, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM svetlov@mbi.ufl.edu OI Wang, Kevin/0000-0002-9343-6473 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R43 AI094877]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R21 DK061649, DK061649] NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD NOV 17 PY 2006 VL 350 IS 2 BP 457 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.068 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 096PS UT WOS:000241389900030 PM 17011520 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Groebner, JL Hadjipanayis, AG Negley, DL Schmaljohn, AL Welkos, SL Smith, LA Smith, JF AF Lee, John S. Groebner, Jennifer L. Hadjipanayis, Angela G. Negley, Diane L. Schmaljohn, Alan L. Welkos, Susan L. Smith, Leonard A. Smith, Jonathan F. TI Multiagent vaccines vectored by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon elicits immune responses to Marburg virus and protection against anthrax and botulinum neurotoxin in mice SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vaccine; Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus; VEEV; botulinum neurotoxin; anthrax; Marburg virus; virus vector; VEE replicon; multiagent vaccine ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; IN-VITRO; PICHIA-PASTORIS; SPORE CHALLENGE; GUINEA-PIGS; ANTIGEN; CANDIDATE; EFFICACY; PURIFICATION; VACCINATION AB The development of multiagent vaccines offers the advantage of eliciting protection against multiple diseases with minimal inoculations over a shorter time span. We report here the results of using formulations of individual Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus replicon-vectored vaccines against a bacterial disease, anthrax; a viral disease, Marburg fever; and against a toxin-mediated disease, botulism. The individual VEE replicon particles (VRP) expressed mature 83-kDa protective antigen (MAT-PA) from Bacillus anthracis, the glycoprotein (GP) from Marburg virus (MBGV), or the H-C fragment from botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT H-C). CBA/J mice inoculated with a mixture of VRP expressing BoNT H-C serotype C (BoNT/C H-C) and MAT-PA were 80% protected from a B. anthracis (Sterne strain) challenge and then 100% protected from a sequential BoNT/C challenge. Swiss mice inoculated with individual VRP or with mixtures of VRP vaccines expressing BoNT H-C serotype A (BoNT/A H-C), MAT-PA, and MBGV-GP produced antibody responses specific to the corresponding replicon-expressed protein. Combination of the different VRP vaccines did not diminish the antibody responses measured for Swiss mice inoculated with formulations of two or three VRP vaccines as compared to mice that received only one VRP vaccine. Swiss mice inoculated with VRP expressing BoNT/A H-C alone or in combination with VRP expressing MAT-PA and MBGV GP, were completely protected from a BoNT/A challenge. These studies demonstrate the utility of combining individual VRP vaccines into multiagent formulations for eliciting protective immune responses to various types of diseases. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Bacteriol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Integrated Toxicol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM John.Lee@det.amedd.army.mil OI Groebner, Jennifer/0000-0003-1503-5030 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 17 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 47-48 BP 6886 EP 6892 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.06.004 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 111II UT WOS:000242444200011 PM 16828936 ER PT J AU Grujicic, M Pandurangan, B Koudela, KL Cheeseman, BA AF Grujicic, M. Pandurangan, B. Koudela, K. L. Cheeseman, B. A. TI A computational analysis of the ballistic performance of light-weight hybrid composite armors SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE impact; fragment simulating projectile; hybrid composite laminate; AUTODYN AB The ability of hybrid light-weight fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composite laminate armor to withstand the impact of a fragment simulating projectile (FSP) is investigated using a non-linear dynamics transient computational analysis. The hybrid armor is constructed using various combinations and stacking sequences of a high-strength/high-stiffness carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy (CFRE) and a high-ductility/high-toughness Kevlar fiber-reinforced epoxy (KFRE) composite laminates of different thicknesses. The results obtained indicate that at a fixed thickness of the armor both the stacking sequence and the number of CFRE/KFRE laminates substantially affect the ballistic performance of the armor. Specifically, it is found that the armor consisting of one layer of KFRE and one layer of CFRE, with KFRE laminate constituting the outer surface of the armor, possesses the maximum resistance towards the projectile-induced damage and failure. The results obtained are rationalized using an analysis of the elastic wave reflection and transmission behavior at the inter-laminate and laminate/air interfaces. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Survivabil Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grujicic, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 241 Engn Innovat Bldg, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mica.grujicic@ces.clemson.edu NR 11 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 253 IS 2 BP 730 EP 745 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.01.016 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 114DV UT WOS:000242647800054 ER PT J AU Cabalu, JS Bhattacharyya, A Thomidis, C Friel, I Moustakas, TD Collins, CJ Komninou, P AF Cabalu, J. S. Bhattacharyya, A. Thomidis, C. Friel, I. Moustakas, T. D. Collins, C. J. Komninou, Ph. TI High power ultraviolet light emitting diodes based on GaN/AlGaN quantum wells produced by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE OPERATION; GAN FILMS; 285 NM; EMISSION; SAPPHIRE; SUBSTRATE; EFFICIENT; GROWTH; MBE AB In this paper, we report on the growth by molecular beam epitaxy and fabrication of high power nitride-based ultraviolet light emitting diodes emitting in the spectral range between 340 and 350 nm. The devices were grown on (0001) sapphire substrates via plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The growth of the light emitting diode (LED) structures was preceded by detailed materials studies of the bottom n-AlGaN contact layer, as well as the GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) active region. Specifically, kinetic conditions were identified for the growth of the thick n-AlGaN films to be both smooth and to have fewer defects at the surface. Transmission-electron microscopy studies on identical GaN/AlGaN MQWs showed good quality and well-defined interfaces between wells and barriers. Large area mesa devices (800x800 mu m(2)) were fabricated and were designed for backside light extraction. The LEDs were flip-chip bonded onto a Si submount for better heat sinking. For devices emitting at 340 nm, the measured differential on-series resistance is 3 Omega with electroluminescence spectrum full width at half maximum of 18 nm. The output power under dc bias saturates at 0.5 mW, while under pulsed operation it saturates at approximately 700 mA to a value of 3 mW, suggesting that thermal heating limits the efficiency of these devices. The output power of the investigated devices was found to be equivalent with those produced by the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and hydride vapor-phase epitaxy methods. The devices emitting at 350 nm were investigated under dc operation and the output power saturates at 4.5 mW under 200 mA drive current. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Photon Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. RP Cabalu, JS (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM moustakas@bu.edu RI Moustakas, Theodore/D-9249-2016; OI Moustakas, Theodore/0000-0001-8556-884X; Komninou, Philomela/0000-0003-2351-666X NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 10 AR 104506 DI 10.1063/1.2388127 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 110UY UT WOS:000242408000101 ER PT J AU Walsh, PJ Hu, X Cunniff, P Lesser, AJ AF Walsh, Peter J. Hu, Xianbo Cunniff, Philip Lesser, Alan J. TI Environmental effects on poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole fibers. I. Mechanisms of degradation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE poly(benzoxazole) fiber; PBO; physical degradation; chemical degradation; SAXD; WAXD; ATR-FTIR ID RIGID ROD POLYMER; MICROFIBRILLAR NETWORK; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; BENZOBISOXAZOLE AB This is the first of a two-part series investigating the degradation mechanisms of PBO fiber and approaches to alleviating degradation and improving fiber properties. Poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO) fiber is a high strength and modulus fiber with remarkable thermal stability. Recent in-service failures of this fiber have revealed that the fiber degrades rapidly in relatively mild environmental conditions of moisture and heat. In this work the mechanisms of degradation due to moisture, the presence of acid, and the effect of radiation from the UV-vis spectrum are investigated. It is found that exposure to moisture results in the loosening of the fiber morphology leading to an increase in the number and size of defects. The presence of aqueous acid causes both loosening of the fiber structure and hydrolysis of the oxazole ring structure. The effect of UV-vis radiation is primarily hydrolysis of the material near the fiber surface with attendant formation of amide linkages. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Lesser, AJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM ajl@mail.pse.umass.edu NR 17 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 33 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 102 IS 4 BP 3517 EP 3525 DI 10.1002/app.24788 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 091CP UT WOS:000241004000057 ER PT J AU Walsh, PJ Hu, XB Cunniff, P Lesser, AJ AF Walsh, Peter J. Hu, Xianbo Cunniff, Philip Lesser, Alan J. TI Environmental effects on poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole fibers. II. Attempts at stabilization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE poly(benzoxazole) fiber; PBO; physical degradation; chemical degradation; supercritical fluid extraction; supercritical carbon dioxide AB Approaches to alleviate the environmental degradation of as-spun poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO AS) fibers by moisture, acidic conditions, and UV-visible radiation were implemented and tested for efficacy. The general approaches tested include: extraction and neutralization of residual phosphoric acid using supercritical carbon dioxide; the use of UV-visible light blocking coatings of exfoliated graphite, carbon black, and glassy titanium dioxide; and improvement of initial fiber properties by the application of forces tending to compact the fiber microstructure. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Lesser, AJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM ajl@mail.pse.umass.edu NR 15 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 102 IS 4 BP 3819 EP 3829 DI 10.1002/app.24794 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 091CP UT WOS:000241004000092 ER PT J AU Lama, JR Lucchetti, A Suarez, L Laguna-Torres, VA Guanira, JV Pun, M Montano, SM Celum, CL Carr, JK Sanchez, J Bautista, CT Sanchez, JL AF Lama, Javier R. Lucchetti, Aldo Suarez, Luis Laguna-Torres, Victor A. Guanira, Juan V. Pun, Monica Montano, Silvia M. Celum, Connie L. Carr, Jean K. Sanchez, Jorge Bautista, Christian T. Sanchez, Jose L. CA Peruvian HIV Sentinal Working Grp TI Association of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection and syphilis with human immunodeficiency virus infection among men who have sex with men in Peru SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; HIV-INFECTION; ACQUISITION; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; METAANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; EXPLORE AB Background. We evaluated associations between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection, and syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Peru. Methods. A surveillance survey of 3280 MSM was conducted; sexual behavior was assessed with a structured computer-assisted self-interview, and serum antibody testing was performed for HIV, HSV-2, and Treponema pallidum. Results. HIV, HSV-2, and syphilis seroprevalences of 13.9%, 46.3%, and 13.4% were detected, respectively. HSV-2 seroprevalence was twice as high in HIV-infected subjects (80.5%) than it was in HIV-uninfected subjects (40.8%) (P <.01), and HSV-2 seropositivity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 5.66) was found to be strongly associated with HIV infection. In addition, homosexual self-definition (AOR, 3.12), exchange of sex for money (AOR, 1.61), unprotected sex (no condom) (AOR, 2.81), history of sex work (AOR, 1.89), oral receptive sex (AOR, 1.43), and cocaine use before/during sex (AOR, 2.53) within the preceding 6 months, as well as such sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and STI syndromes as proctitis (AOR, 2.80), genital ulcer disease (GUD) (AOR, 2.06), prior syphilis (AOR, 2.64), genital warts (AOR, 1.70), and self-reported STIs within the preceding 6 months (AOR, 1.61), were also found to be significant predictors of HIV infection. Conclusions. We found a strong association between HSV-2 seropositivity and HIV infection. Intervention measures against GUD due to HSV-2 infection and syphilis, such as routine testing, early detection, HSV-2 suppressive treatment, and condom distribution, need to be enhanced as part of STI prevention strategies at a national level to effectively reduce HIV infection among MSM in Peru. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Asoc Civil Impacta Salud & Educ, Lima, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Direct Gen Epidemiol, Minist Hlth Peru, Lima, Peru. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Inst Human Virol, Div Epidemiol & Prevent, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM sanchezjl@amedd.army.mil RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Guanira, Juan/0000-0002-2746-3086 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43-TW00007] NR 36 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 10 BP 1459 EP 1466 DI 10.1086/508548 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 102OB UT WOS:000241820500016 PM 17054077 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, Edwin B. TI First into Nagasaki: The censored eyewitness dispatches of post-atomic japan and its prisoners of war. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 131 IS 19 BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 109QH UT WOS:000242323000184 ER PT J AU Latchoumycandane, C Seah, QM Tan, RCH Sattabongkot, J Beerheide, W Boelsterli, UA AF Latchoumycandane, Calivarathan Seah, Quee Ming Tan, Rachel C. H. Sattabongkot, Jetsumon Beerheide, Walter Boelsterli, Urs A. TI Leflunomide or A77 1726 protect from acetaminophen-induced cell injury through inhibition of JNK-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition in immortalized human hepatocytes SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetaminophen; leflunomide; A77 1726; hepatotoxicity; JNK; mitochondria; permeability transition; cytoprotection; immortalized human hepatocytes ID METABOLITE A77 1726; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; ACTIVE METABOLITE; LIVER-INJURY; IN-VITRO; SIGNALING PATHWAY; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; TNF-ALPHA; KINASE; DEATH AB Leflunomide, a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, protects against T-cell-mediated liver injury by poorly understood mechanisms. The active metabolite of leflunomide, A77 1726 (teriflunomide) has been shown to inhibit stress-activated protein kinases (JNK pathway), which are key regulators of mitochondria-mediated cell death. Therefore, we hypothesized that leflunomide may protect from drugs that induce the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) by blocking the JNK signaling pathway. To this end, we exposed cultured immortalized human hepatocytes (HC-04) to the standard protoxicant drug acetaminophen (APAP), which induces CsA-sensitive mPT-mediated cell death. We determined the effects of leflunomide on the extent of APAP-induced hepatocyte injury and the upstream JNK-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathways. We found that leflunomide or A77 1726 concentration-dependently protected hepatocytes from APAP (1 mM)-induced mitochondrial permeabilization and lethal cell injury. This was not due to proximal inhibition of CYP-catalyzed APAP bioactivation to its thiol-reactive metabolite. Instead, we demonstrate that leflunomide (20 mu M) inhibited the APAP-induced early (3 h) activation (phosphorylation) of JNK1/2, thus inhibiting phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and preventing P-Bcl-2-mediated induction of the mPT. This greatly attenuated mitochondrial cytochrome c release, which we used as a marker for mitochondrial permeabilization. The specific JNK2 inhibitor SP600125 similarly protected from APAP-induced cell death. In conclusion, these findings are consistent with our hypothesis that leflunomide protects from protoxicant-induced hepatocyte injury by inhibiting JNK signaling and preventing mPT induction. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Pharmacol, Mol Toxicol Lab, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Singapore 117597, Singapore. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Siam Life Sci Ltd, Bangkok 10500, Thailand. Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Sci, Dept Pharm, Singapore 117597, Singapore. RP Boelsterli, UA (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Pharmacol, Mol Toxicol Lab, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, MD2,18 Med Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore. EM phcbua@nus.edu.sg NR 37 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 217 IS 1 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.08.001 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 104DT UT WOS:000241937100014 PM 16979204 ER PT J AU Tsen, KT Dykeman, EC Sankey, OF Tsen, SWD Lin, NT Kiang, JG AF Tsen, K. T. Dykeman, Eric C. Sankey, Otto F. Tsen, Shaw-Wei D. Lin, Nien-Tsung Kiang, Juliann G. TI Raman scattering studies of the low-frequency vibrational modes of bacteriophage M13 in water - observation of an axial torsion mode SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; GE QUANTUM DOTS; ULTRASONIC-ABSORPTION; NANOWIRES AB Low-wavenumber (<= 20 cm(-1)) acoustic vibrations of the M13 phage have been studied using Raman spectroscopy. The dominant acoustic vibrational mode has been found to be at 8.5 cm(-1). The experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations based on an elastic continuum model and appropriate Raman selection rules derived from a bond polarizability model. The observed Raman mode has been shown to belong to one of the Raman-active axial torsion modes of the M13 phage protein coat. It is expected that the detection and characterization of this low-frequency vibrational mode can be used for applications in nanotechnology such as for monitoring the process of virus functionalization and self-assembly. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. Tzu Chi Univ, Inst Microbiol Immunol & Mol Med, Hualien 970, Taiwan. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Tsen, KT (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV 14 PY 2006 VL 17 IS 21 BP 5474 EP 5479 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/17/21/030 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 103AQ UT WOS:000241856200030 ER PT J AU Folkes, PA Gumbs, G Xu, W Taysing-Lara, M AF Folkes, P. A. Gumbs, Godfrey Xu, Wen Taysing-Lara, M. TI Measurement of the GaSb surface band bending potential from the magnetotransport characteristics of GaSb-InAs-AlSb quantum wells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCHOTTKY-BARRIER FORMATION; ELECTRIC-FIELD; TRANSITION; HOLES; MOBILITIES; SYSTEM; STATES AB Low-temperature magnetotransport measurements on GaSb/InAs/AlSb coupled quantum well structures with a GaSb cap layer and self-consistent calculations of their electronic structure have led to the determination of the Fermi level at the surface, E-FS, of undoped molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown GaSb. E-FS is pinned around 0.2 eV above the top of the GaSb valence band when the GaSb cap layer width is greater than around 900 A. For smaller GaSb cap widths, E-FS decreases with the GaSb width. The undoped GaSb/InAs/AlSb heterostructure's Fermi level is determined by bulk donor defects in the AlSb layer adjacent to the InAs quantum well. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Folkes, PA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM pfolkes@arl.army.mil NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 20 AR 202113 DI 10.1063/1.2388147 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 106KU UT WOS:000242100200047 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, Howard E. TI Entangled eavesdropping in quantum key distribution SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Winter Colloquium on Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 02-06, 2006 CL Snowbird, UT ID DESIGN; PROBE AB Recent designs are summarized for some optimized quantum cryptographic entangling probes to be used in attacking the BB84 protocol of quantum key distribution. They are all based on alternative optimum unitary transformations, each yielding the same maximum information on the pre-privacy amplified key. One of the optimum unitary transformations, not previously addressed in terms of implementation, is shown, for a certain choice of free parameters, to again yield one of the recent designs. In each of the designs, the main quantum circuit consists of a single CNOT gate which produces the optimum entanglement between the BB84 signal states and the correlated probe states. For each design a different well-defined single-photon polarization state serves as the initial state of the probe, and in each case the probe is projectively measured. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM hbrandt@arl.army.mil NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 53 IS 16-17 BP 2251 EP 2257 DI 10.1080/09500340600895383 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 098WD UT WOS:000241552600003 ER PT J AU Lehman, AC Raftery, JJ Choquette, KD AF Lehman, Ann C. Raftery, James J., Jr. Choquette, Kent D. TI Photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Winter Colloquium on Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 02-06, 2006 CL Snowbird, UT AB Coherent coupling of 2 x 1 photonic crystal (PhC) vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays is studied. It is found that the relative phase between lasing defects, also known as the phase angle of the complex degree of coherence, varies with injection current. The amplitude of the complex degree of coherence also depends on current. Additionally, it is shown that the magnitude of the complex degree of coherence between defects is maximized near in-phase and out-of-phase conditions. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Choquette, KD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM choquett@uiuc.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 53 IS 16-17 BP 2303 EP 2308 DI 10.1080/09500340600894030 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 098WD UT WOS:000241552600008 ER PT J AU Junghans, TB Sevin, IF Ionin, B Seifried, H AF Junghans, Theodore B. Sevin, Imogene F. Ionin, Boris Seifried, Harold TI Cancer information resources: digital and online sources (vol 198, pg 177, 2004) SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Tech Resources Int Inc, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Junghans, TB (reprint author), Tech Resources Int Inc, 6500 Rock Spring Dr,Suite 650, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM tjunghans@tech-res.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 1 BP 109 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.015 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 106XS UT WOS:000242135900012 ER PT J AU Crittenden, SR Sund, CJ Sumner, JJ AF Crittenden, Scott R. Sund, Christian J. Sumner, James J. TI Mediating electron transfer from bacteria to a gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SURFACES; WATER; REDUCTION; PROTEINS; ADHESION AB Numerous bacterial genera are known to respire anaerobically using macroscopic electrodes as electron acceptors. Typically, inexpensive graphite electrodes, which are readily colonized, are used to monitor electrogenic bacterial metabolism for microbial fuel cell and bioelectronics studies. We compare current production by electrogenic bacteria on gold electrodes coated with various alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers to current production on glassy carbon electrodes. Current production is correlated to chain length and headgroup of the monolayer molecules as expected. Relative to graphite, the coated gold electrodes achieve more reproducible experimental conditions and certain headgroups enhance electronic coupling to the bacteria. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sumner, JJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jsumner@arl.army.mil RI sund, christian/G-3424-2013 NR 26 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 7 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 23 BP 9473 EP 9476 DI 10.1021/la061869j PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 100LE UT WOS:000241669800002 PM 17073464 ER EF