FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU DiCarlo, CD Brown, J Hacker, HD Cheramie, R Schushereba, S Valo, L Clarkson, DR Sankovich, J Zwick, H Lund, DJ Stuck, BE AF DiCarlo, CD Brown, J Hacker, HD Cheramie, R Schushereba, S Valo, L Clarkson, DR Sankovich, J Zwick, H Lund, DJ Stuck, BE BE Manns, F Soderberg, PG Ho, A Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Effect of Light Emitting Diode (LED) therapy on the survival of photoreceptors following Argon laser injury SO Ophthalmic Technologies XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY JAN 22-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE multifocal electroretinogram; mfERG; laser retinal injury; nonhuman primate; photoreceptors ID RADIATION; TISSUES; RETINA; CELLS AB Due to the increasing number of optic systems that military personnel are exposed, the development of countermeasures for laser eye injury is of significant concern. Recent reports in the literature suggest some benefit from the use of Light Emitting Diode (LED) therapy on the retina that received a toxic insult (1). The purpose of this study was to compare retinal cell survival and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) in a laser retinal injury model following treatment with LED photoillumination. Control and LED array (670 nm) illuminated cynomolgus monkeys received macular Argon laser lesions (514 nm, 130 mW, 100 ms). LED array exposure was accomplished for 4 days for a total dose of 4 J/cm(2) per day. Baseline and post-laser exposure mfERGs were performed on most of the subjects. Ocular tissues were collected from four animals at Day 4 post laser exposure and from two animals at 4 months post laser exposure. The tissues were processed for plastic embedding. Retinal cell counts were performed on the lesion sections. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results yielded no significant difference in the sparing of photoreceptors, inner nuclear and ganglion cells between the control and LED illuminated subjects. Although pathology showed no significant support for diode therapy, our early mfERG observations previously reported suggested a more rapid functional recovery. Since there is still no uniform therapy for laser retinal injury, research is continuing to determine novel therapies that may provide retinal cell sparing and functional retinal return. C1 USA, Dept Med Res, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP DiCarlo, CD (reprint author), USA, Dept Med Res, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 7965 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5662-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5688 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1117/12.593670 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA BCF46 UT WOS:000229038000042 ER PT S AU Hacker, HD Zwick, H Brown, J Dicks, R Cheramie, R Stuck, BE AF Hacker, HD Zwick, H Brown, J Dicks, R Cheramie, R Stuck, BE BE Manns, F Soderberg, PG Ho, A Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Choroidal abnormalities and masquerade syndromes confounding the diagnosis of laser-induced eye injuries SO Ophthalmic Technologies XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY JAN 22-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE choroidal abnormalities; laser; retina; retinal injury ID INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY; TUMORS AB The diagnosis of a laser-induced eye injury occurring in Occupational or military environments is often complicated by confounding symptoms, the possibility of pre-existing pathology, and/or a lack Of Visual deficits that can be clearly associated with a specific incident. Two recent cases are described that illustrate the importance of a thorough differential diagnosis when coexisting retinal pathologies are present with potentially different (e.g. laser or disease) etiologies. Indocyanine green angiography (ICG) and ocular coherence tomography (OCT) used in combination with standard Ophthalmic imaging can provide helpful insights as to the etiology of these lesions. Vascular choroidal abnormalities Such as hemangiomas or Occult histoplasmosis infection can produce findings that can mimic the leakage that may be evident from neovascular membranes associated with laser injury. Further evaluation with OCT and conventional fluorescein angiography (FA) is helpful to look for the classic signature of retinal disruption and retinal pigment layer changes that are often present in association with laser injury. furthermore, a careful situational assessment of a potential laser exposure is important to confirm the diagnosis of laser-induced eye injury. C1 USAMRD, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Hacker, HD (reprint author), USAMRD, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 7965 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5662-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5688 BP 345 EP 353 DI 10.1117/12.598548 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA BCF46 UT WOS:000229038000043 ER PT S AU Zwick, H Stuck, BE Akers, A Edsall, P DiCarlo, CD Lund, DJ AF Zwick, H Stuck, BE Akers, A Edsall, P DiCarlo, CD Lund, DJ BE Manns, F Soderberg, PG Ho, A Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Multifocal Electroretinogram (MFERG) evaluation of laser induced secondary damage in the Non-Human Primate (NHP) SO Ophthalmic Technologies XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY JAN 22-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE laser induced retinal damage; focal ERG; multifocal ERG; secondary retinal damage; axial retinal imaging ID MACAQUE; ERG AB Laser induced retinal damage may involve primary injury to the central retina and secondary damage, including intraretinal scar formation (IRSF) retinal traction (RT) and retinal nerve fiber layer injury (RNFL). We have evaluated these laser induced retinal pathologies with MFERG in non-human primates (NHPs) with a Veris (4.9) MFERG system 103 Hexagons, centered on the macula with non-scaled arrays and in one NHP with a 2-frame/M-step sequence to assess long term exposure effects within the RNFL. Chemical restraint was achieved using Ketamine stability HCL (to mg/kg IM) and Propofol (0.5 mg-1.2/Kg/min via syringe Pump). Peribular eye blocks were performed using 2% lidocain or a Mixture of 2% Lidocain/Marcain (monitored ocular motility was less than 40 microns in retinal space). Primary and secondary damage effects were induced with either q-switched single pulse Neodymium (1064 nm, 1.0 mJ) or Argon CW (10 to 1000 msec, 10-150 mW). MFERG demonstrated capability to detect primary and secondary induced retinal damage in both 1(st) and 2(nd) order kernels. Primary and secondary damage in the central retina was often Suppressed in amplitude and with longer latencies relative to the MFERG norm. Preliminary investigations in one NHP with Primary and secondary RNFL damage at 9 to 14 months showed recovery with non-scaled array one frame / M-step sequence but demonstrated significant abnormalities for a two frame/ M-step sequence. Utilization of advanced Veris recording parameters involving spatial and temporal manipulation of the Stimulus parameters can improve detection of functional deficits induced by focal laser retinal injury. C1 USAMRD, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), USAMRD, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5662-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5688 BP 365 EP 371 DI 10.1117/12.598198 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA BCF46 UT WOS:000229038000045 ER PT S AU Lund, DJ Edsall, P Stuck, BE AF Lund, DJ Edsall, P Stuck, BE BE Manns, F Soderberg, PG Ho, A Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Wavelength dependence of laser-induced retinal injury SO Ophthalmic Technologies XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY JAN 22-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE laser bioeffects; retinal damage; ocular thresholds; thermal model; action spectrum ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; EXPOSURE; SENSITIVITY; THRESHOLD; LIMITS AB The threshold for laser-induced retinal damage is dependent primarily upon the laser wavelength and the exposure duration. The Study of the wavelength dependence of the retinal damage threshold has been greatly enhanced by the availability of unable lasers. The Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO), capable of providing useful Pulse energy throughout a tuning range from 400 nm to 2200 nm, made it possible to determine the wavelength dependence of laser-induced retinal damage thresholds for q-switched pulses throughout the visible and NIR spectrum. Studies using the a tunable TI:Saph laser and several fixed-wavelength lasers yielded threshold values for 0.1 S exposures from 440 nm to 1060 rim. Laser-induced retinal damage for these exposure durations results from thermal conversion of the incident laser irradiation and an action spectrum for thermal retinal damage was developed based on the wavelength dependent transmission and absorption Of Ocular tissue and chromatic aberration of the eye optics. Long (1-1000s) duration exposures to visible laser demonstrated the existence of non-thermal laser-induced retinal damage mechanisms having a different action spectrum. This paper will present the available data for the wavelength dependence of laser-induced thermal retinal damage and compare this data to the maximum permissible exposure levels (MPEs) provided by the Current guidelines for the safe use of lasers. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Lund, DJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 7965 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5662-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5688 BP 383 EP 393 DI 10.1117/12.598285 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA BCF46 UT WOS:000229038000047 ER PT S AU Lund, DJ Schulmeister, K Seiser, B Edthofer, F AF Lund, DJ Schulmeister, K Seiser, B Edthofer, F BE Manns, F Soderberg, PG Ho, A Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Laser-induced retinal injury thresholds: Variation with retinal irradiated area SO Ophthalmic Technologies XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY JAN 22-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE laser bioeffects; retinal injury; ocular thresholds; thermal model; spot-size dependence ID DAMAGE THRESHOLDS; RHESUS-MONKEY; PULSES; HAZARD; SIZE AB The retinal injury threshold for exposure to a laser Source varies as a function of the irradiated area on the retina. Currently accepted guidelines for the safe use of lasers provide that the MPE will increase as the diameter of the irradiated area for retinal diameters between 25 mu m and 1700 mu m, based on the ED50 data available in the late 1970s. Recent Studies by Zuclich and Lund produced data showing that the ED50 for ns-duration exposures at 532 nm and mu s duration exposures at 590 nm varied as the square of the diameter of the irradiated area oil the retina. This paper will discuss efforts to resolve the disagreement between the new data and the earlier data though an analysis of all accessible data relating the retinal injury threshold to the diameter of the incident beam on the retina and through simulations using computer models of laser-induced injury. The results show that the retinal radiant exposure required to produce retinal injury is a function of both exposure duration and retinal irradiance diameter and that the Current guidelines for irradiance diameter dependence do not accurately reflect the variation of the threshold data. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Lund, DJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 7965 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5662-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5688 BP 469 EP 478 DI 10.1117/12.608417 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA BCF46 UT WOS:000229038000056 ER PT J AU Driggers, RG Krapels, K Murrill, S Young, S Thielke, M Schuler, J AF Driggers, RG Krapels, K Murrill, S Young, S Thielke, M Schuler, J TI Superresolution performance for undersampled imagers SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE imager performance; sampling ID ARRAY IMAGERS; TOD AB Enhancement of undersampled imager performance has been demonstrated using superresolution techniques. In these techniques, the optical flow of the scene or the relative subpixel shifts among various snapshots of the scene are calculated, and a high-resolution grid is populated with spatial data using various algorithms. Performance enhancement has been demonstrated for the case of a static image with the undersampled imager compared with a static image that has been acquired through a frame series in a dynamic scene. In this research, the performance is compared for four cases: static image with undersampled imager, static image with superresolution frame sequence, dynamic image with undersampled imager, and dynamic image with superresolution frame sequence. (C) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Night Vis & Elect Senors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22041 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Driggers, RG (reprint author), Night Vis & Elect Senors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22041 USA. EM rdrigger@nvl.army.mil NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 AR 014002 DI 10.1117/1.1829551 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 904IP UT WOS:000227489600015 ER PT B AU Sahu, J Heavey, KR AF Sahu, J Heavey, KR BE Winter, G Ecer, A Satofuka, N Periaux, J Fox, P TI High performance parallel computing CFD simulations of projectiles with flow control SO Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics: Multidisciplinary Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics CY MAY 24-27, 2004 CL Las Palmas Gran Canaria, SPAIN AB This article describes a computational study undertaken to determine the aerodynamic effect of flow control in the afterbody regions at subsonic and supersonic speeds using an advanced scalable Unstructured flow solver on various parallel computers such as SGI, IBM, and Linux Cluster. High parallel efficiency is achieved for both steady and time-accurate unsteady flow field simulations using advanced scalable Navier-Stokes computational techniques oil SGI and IBM machines. Some results relating to the code's portability and its performance on the Linux clusters are also presented. Numerical simulations with the unsteady synthetic jet show the jets to substantially alter the flow field both near the jet and the base region of the projectile that in turn affects the forces and moments even at zero degree angle of attack. The results have shown the potential of high performance computing computational fluid dynamics simulations on parallel machines to provide insight into the jet interaction flow fields leading to improve designs. The same flow solver has been applied to a different type of flow control problem for a finned configuration at a supersonic speed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aerodynam Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sahu, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aerodynam Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS PY 2005 BP 329 EP 337 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA BDH15 UT WOS:000233560900041 ER PT J AU Solomon, NP Robin, DA AF Solomon, NP Robin, DA TI Perceptions of effort during handgrip and tongue elevation in Parkinson's disease SO PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Parkinson's disease; fatigue; effort; tongue; hand; assessment ID NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; MUSCLE FATIGUE; BASAL GANGLIA; SPEECH; FORCE; SENSE; CONTRACTIONS; STIMULATION; SYMPTOMS AB Background: Fatigue and the accompanying perception of effort are often heightened in Parkinson's disease. Objectives: To compare performance on three sense-of-effort tasks between patients with PD and matched neurologically normal control subjects. Methods: Sixteen PD subjects and 16 normal subjects performed three tasks to assess sense of effort: self-ratings of effort using directmagnitude estimation, generating pressures at various levels of effort, and sustaining a submaximal level of effort. The latter two tasks were done with handgrip and tongue elevation. Results: Two of the three tasks successfully differentiated the groups. Subjects with PD provided significantly higher ratings of effort for general daily activities and for speech. During the constant-effort task, pressure curves decayed more rapidly for the PD subjects. Conclusions: Performance by PD subjects on the constant-effort task resembled that by normal adults who were pre-fatigued in previous experiments. Results support greater than normal sense-of-effort related to fatigue in PD, and provide preliminary validation of a performance-based physiologic task to assess abnormal sense of effort in this population. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. San Diego State Univ, Sch Speech Language & Hearing Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Solomon, NP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM nancy.p.solomon@us.army.mil RI Robin, Donald/F-2109-2010 FU NIDCD NIH HHS [R03 DC06096, P60 DC00976, R03 DC006096] NR 43 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1353-8020 J9 PARKINSONISM RELAT D JI Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.06.004 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 971YH UT WOS:000232420400003 PM 16105745 ER PT B AU Hunter, RM Cheng, JRC AF Hunter, RM Cheng, JRC BE Arabnia, HR TI DBuilder: A parallel data management toolkit for scientific applications SO PDPTA '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV DE application programming interface; multidomain; parallel algorithms; scientific computing; software tool AB Code migration from serial to parallel platforms using a distributed-memory model involves a number of changes in the serial code. The most significant change is the implementation of a message passing interface (MPI) scheme for domain partitioning, data coherence among processors, and data communication for spatially distinct multicomponent applications. The DBuilder software has been developed as a toolkit for application developers to leverage code migration efforts. This paper details the DBuilder software design, the coordination of objects when partitioning the domain with two existing objects, e.g., vertex and element, the synchronization algorithms, and the coupler setup for multicomponent applications with partially overlapped distinct dimensional domains. Furthermore, the integration of legacy parallel linear solver software is also discussed. C1 US Army Engn, Ctr Res & Dev, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hunter, RM (reprint author), US Army Engn, Ctr Res & Dev, Major Shared Resource Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-61-0 PY 2005 BP 825 EP 831 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDY80 UT WOS:000236257900121 ER PT J AU Mahnke, CB Boyle, GJ Janosky, JE Siewers, RD Pigula, FA AF Mahnke, CB Boyle, GJ Janosky, JE Siewers, RD Pigula, FA TI Anticoagulation and incidence of late cerebrovascular accidents following the Fontan procedure SO PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE congenital heart disease; univentricular heart; stroke anticoagulants ID COAGULATION-FACTOR ABNORMALITIES; THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS; THROMBUS FORMATION; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ORAL ANTICOAGULATION; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; OPERATION; THERAPY AB Thromboembolic events are a well-reported complication following the Fontan procedure, but no previous studies have compared the incidence of thromboembolic events relative to the prophylactic anticoagulation strategy utilized. We examined the time-adjusted incidence of late thromboembolic events relative to chronic anticoagulation strategy. All patients who have undergone Fontan palliation and are followed at our institution were reviewed. All thromboembolic and major bleeding events were recorded and compared among different subgroups (anticoagulant medication utilized, Fontan variant, and the presence of a residual right-to-left shunt). The incidence of late cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) per patient-year was calculated for each subgroup. The records of 132 patients were analyzed (median follow-up, 7.6 years; 1066.5 total patient-years). There were no major bleeding complications. One patient receiving no anticoagulation therapy developed a symptomatic thrombus 6 months after Fontan. Three patients suffered late CVAs (range, 37 years); 2 were receiving aspirin, and the other received no anticoagulation therapy. All 3 had lateral tunnel Fontan and a residual right-to-left shunt. The overall incidence of late CVA was 2.3%, with an event rate of 0.28% per patient-year. Late CVA was not related to anticoagulation strategy or time from Fontan procedure but was associated with a residual right-to-left shunt and lateral tunnel-type Fontan palliation (p < 0.001). Regardless of anticoagulation strategy utilized, symptomatic CVA is a rare long-term complication following the Fontan procedure. C1 Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Div Cardiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Clin Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Cardiovasc Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Mahnke, CB (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM Christopher.Mahnke@haw.tamc.amedd.army.mil NR 20 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-0643 J9 PEDIATR CARDIOL JI Pediatr. Cardiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1 BP 56 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s00246-003-0684-z PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pediatrics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pediatrics GA 905GG UT WOS:000227556000008 PM 14994183 ER PT J AU Donovan, DJ Pedersen, RC AF Donovan, DJ Pedersen, RC TI Human tail with noncontiguous intraspinal lipoma and spinal cord tethering: Case report and embryologic discussion SO PEDIATRIC NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE human tail; spinal lipoma; tethered spinal cord ID DYSRAPHISM AB Children born with a tail-like appendage have a rare malformation that is frequently associated with abnormalities of the spine and spinal cord. A contiguous fibrolipoma is usually seen extending from the subcutaneous portion of the tail into the inferior spinal cord, resulting in tethered cord syndrome. We present the case of a child born with a tail and intraspinal lipoma that were not contiguous with each other, and were separated by an intact layer of lumbosacral fascia. The tail and lipoma were removed and the spinal cord untethered, and the child is neurologically normal 2 years after surgery. The absence of a contiguous lipoma from the tail to the spinal cord suggests that this condition may be principally caused by a disorder of secondary neurulation and/or regression of the normal embryonic tail bud. The embryology of the lower spine is reviewed and possible etiologies discussed. Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Neurol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Donovan, DJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, Dept Surg, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM daniel.donovan@amedd.army.mil NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1016-2291 J9 PEDIATR NEUROSURG JI Pediatr. Neurosurg. PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1159/000084863 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Surgery GA 925EN UT WOS:000229034400006 PM 15886511 ER PT J AU Dharnidharka, VR Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC AF Dharnidharka, VR Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC TI Children and older adults are at greatest risk for post transplant infections, but have a different infection profile. SO PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. NIDDK, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1397-3142 J9 PEDIATR TRANSPLANT JI Pediatr. Transplant. PY 2005 VL 9 SU 6 MA 170 BP 85 EP 86 PG 2 WC Pediatrics; Transplantation SC Pediatrics; Transplantation GA 957SB UT WOS:000231392500171 ER PT J AU Dharnidharka, VR Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC AF Dharnidharka, VR Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC TI Hospitalized urinary tract infection (UTI) at early, but not late, time points post kidney transplant in children is associated with earlier graft loss. SO PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. NIDDK, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1397-3142 J9 PEDIATR TRANSPLANT JI Pediatr. Transplant. PY 2005 VL 9 SU 6 MA 307 BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Pediatrics; Transplantation SC Pediatrics; Transplantation GA 957SB UT WOS:000231392500307 ER PT J AU Dharnidharka, VR Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC AF Dharnidharka, VR Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC TI Differentiating the risk factors for bacterial infection or viral infection post kidney transplant. SO PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. NIDDK, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1397-3142 J9 PEDIATR TRANSPLANT JI Pediatr. Transplant. PY 2005 VL 9 SU 6 MA 313 BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Pediatrics; Transplantation SC Pediatrics; Transplantation GA 957SB UT WOS:000231392500313 ER PT J AU Dharnidharka, VR Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC AF Dharnidharka, VR Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC TI Renal transplant recipients of pediatric age, or with primary diagnosis of lupus nephritis or reflux nephropathy, are at greater risk of post transplant infection. SO PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. NIDDK, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1397-3142 J9 PEDIATR TRANSPLANT JI Pediatr. Transplant. PY 2005 VL 9 SU 6 MA 316 BP 119 EP 119 PG 1 WC Pediatrics; Transplantation SC Pediatrics; Transplantation GA 957SB UT WOS:000231392500316 ER PT J AU Peters, RD AF Peters, Randall D. BE Matthews, MR Gauld, CF Stinner, A TI The Pendulum in the 21st Century-Relic or Trendsetter SO PENDULUM: SCIENTIFIC, HISTORICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL AND EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB When identifying instruments that have had great influence on the history of physics, none comes to mind more quickly than the pendulum. Though first treated scientifically by Galileo in the 16th century, and in some respects nearly 'dead' by the middle of the 20th century; the pendulum experienced 'rebirth' by becoming an archetype of chaos. With the resulting acclaim for its surprising behavior at large amplitudes, one might expect that there would already be widespread interest in another of its significant nonlinearities. Such is not the case, however, and the complex motions of small amplitude physical pendula are barely known. The present paper shows that a simply-constructed metallic rod pendulum is capable of demonstrating rich physics in a largely unstudied area. C1 [Peters, Randall D.] Mercer Univ, Dept Phys, Macon, GA 31207 USA. [Peters, Randall D.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [Peters, Randall D.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. RP Peters, RD (reprint author), Mercer Univ, Dept Phys, 1400 Coleman Ave, Macon, GA 31207 USA. EM peters_rd@mercer.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3526-5 PY 2005 BP 19 EP 35 DI 10.1007/1-4020-3526-8_2 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3526-8 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BKP29 UT WOS:000268860800002 ER PT J AU Peters, RD AF Peters, Randall D. BE Matthews, MR Gauld, CF Stinner, A TI Soup-can Pendulum SO PENDULUM: SCIENTIFIC, HISTORICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL AND EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In these studies, a vegetable can containing fluid was swung as a pendulum by supporting its end-lips with a pair of knife edges. The motion was measured with a capacitive sensor and the logarithmic decrement in free decay was estimated from computer-collected records. Measurements performed with nine different homogeneous liquids, distributed through six decades in the viscosity eta, showed that the damping of the system is dominated by eta rather than external forces from air or the knife edges. The log decrement was found to be maximum (0.28) in the vicinity of eta = 0.7 Pa s and fell off more than 15 fold ( below 2 x 10(-2)) for both small viscosity (eta < 1 x 10(-3) Pa s) and also for large viscosity (eta > 1 x 10(3) Pa s). A simple model has been formulated, which yields reasonable agreement between theory and experiment by approximating the relative rotation of can and liquid. C1 [Peters, Randall D.] Mercer Univ, Dept Phys, Macon, GA 31207 USA. [Peters, Randall D.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [Peters, Randall D.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. RP Peters, RD (reprint author), Mercer Univ, Dept Phys, 1400 Coleman Ave, Macon, GA 31207 USA. EM peters_rd@mercer.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3526-5 PY 2005 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1007/1-4020-3526-8_6 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3526-8 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BKP29 UT WOS:000268860800006 ER PT B AU Winterhalter, CA Teverovsky, J Wilson, P Slade, J Farell, B Horowitz, W Tierney, E AF Winterhalter, CA Teverovsky, J Wilson, P Slade, J Farell, B Horowitz, W Tierney, E BE Yarborough, P Nelson, CN TI Development of electronic textiles to transport data and power in future US military protective clothing systems SO Performance of Protective Clothing: Global Needs and Emerging Markets: 8th Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Performance of Protective Clothing - Global Needs and Emerging Markets CY JAN 13-14, 2004 CL Tampa, FL SP ASTM Int Comm F23 Protect Clothing DE electronic textiles; textile data and power bus; personal area network; wearable antenna; military; army; soldier AB The focus of this paper is on the development of textile-based wearable electronics that can be integrated into military protective clothing. A materials and manufacturing survey was conducted to determine the best performing and most durable materials to withstand the rigors of textile manufacturing and potential military use. Narrow woven technology was selected as the most appropriate manufacturing method. A working wearable narrow fabric version of the Universal Serial Bus (USB), as well as a radiating conductor, were successfully developed and fabricated. Military products developed include components of a personal area network providing data and power transport and a body home antenna integrated into a load-bearing vest. C1 US Army Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Winterhalter, CA (reprint author), US Army Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 0-8031-3488-6 PY 2005 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1520/STP12594S PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Textiles SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BDO20 UT WOS:000234542100002 ER PT B AU Winterhalter, CA Lomba, RA Tucker, DW Martin, OD AF Winterhalter, CA Lomba, RA Tucker, DW Martin, OD BE Yarborough, P Nelson, CN TI Novel approach to soldier flame protection SO Performance of Protective Clothing: Global Needs and Emerging Markets: 8th Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Performance of Protective Clothing - Global Needs and Emerging Markets CY JAN 13-14, 2004 CL Tampa, FL SP ASTM Int Comm F23 Protect Clothing DE flame protective clothing systems; flame resistant textiles; combat uniform fabrics; military; army; soldier AB The U.S. Army desires low cost combat uniform fabrics that provide flame protection, visual and near infrared camouflage, comfort, and durability. Prior to material development, the flame threat and hazard was investigated and characterized. Flammability related test methods were reviewed and pass/fail criteria for instrumented manikin testing was established based on military medical doctrine. Various fibers, fiber blends, and functional finishes were investigated and novel blend materials were developed. Textile manufacturing methods not traditionally used in military protective clothing such as core-spun yam spinning and direct fiber-to-fabric non-woven technologies were also investigated. When compared to the standard issue combat uniform, the best performing protective clothing configuration demonstrated a reduction in total body bum from 88 % to 8 %. Safe exposure limits of up to 5 s were established. C1 US Army Res, Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Winterhalter, CA (reprint author), US Army Res, Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 0-8031-3488-6 PY 2005 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1520/STP12611S PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Textiles SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BDO20 UT WOS:000234542100019 ER PT S AU Zhou, WM Taysing-Lara, M Dang, G Mackie, D Ervin, M Newman, PG AF Zhou, WM Taysing-Lara, M Dang, G Mackie, D Ervin, M Newman, PG BE Adibi, A Lin, SY Scherer, A TI Reconfigurable MEMS waveguide based on photonic crystal membrane SO Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices III CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE photonic band gap; photonic crystal; MEMS; waveguide; optoelectronic integrated circuit AB We present our design and fabrication of a semiconductor based photonic bandgap (PBG) nano-membrane device with MEMS features. This device could be used as a basic building block for a reconfigurable optoelectronic integrated circuit that can be reprogrammed for different functional 1 ties. We combine a PBG platform with a MEMS feature to build such a reconfigurable device. The device has a top PBG membrane layer structure composed of hexagon holes in a triangular lattice. Below that, a separate suspended bridge layer can insert a line of posts into the photonic crystal holes to create a defect line. This MEMS feature can generate/cancel a section of the waveguide in the PBG platform, or it can change the dispersion of the waveguide. Therefore, the same structure can be used as different types of devices such as switches, modulators, time delay lines, etc. This device is fabricated on GaAs/Alx1GaAs/Alx2GaAs/GaAs-substrate epi-layers grown by MBE. We have developed the fabrication technique for such a device using e-beam lithography, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactive ion etching, and multiple steps of regular photolithography and selective wet chemical etching. The fabricated PBG membranes are 60 nm to 300 nm thick, with a thin wall between the holes of similar to 120 nm. A line of mushroom shaped MEMS posts are inserted into the similar to 1 mu m PBG holes. We are fine tuning each of these processing steps toward the fabrication of a workable device. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhou, WM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5707-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5733 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1117/12.590966 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Optics SC Crystallography; Optics GA BCI25 UT WOS:000229438000014 ER PT S AU DiCarlo, CD Hacker, HD Brown, A Cheramie, R Martinsen, GL Rockwell, B Stuck, BE AF DiCarlo, CD Hacker, HD Brown, A Cheramie, R Martinsen, GL Rockwell, B Stuck, BE BE Bartels, KE Bass, LA DeRiese, WTW Gregory, KW Hirschberg, H Katzir, A Kollias, N Madsen, SJ Malek, RS McNallyHeintzelman, KM Tate, LP Trowers, EA Wong, BJF TI Retinal functional and morphological comparisons of two different macaque species, Macaca mulatta and Macaca fasicularis, for models of laser eye injury SO Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics CY JAN 22-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE retinal cell counts; photoreceptors; inner nuclear cells; retinal ganglion cells; multifocal electroretinogram; mfERG; laser retinal injury; nonhuman primate; macaque ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; DAMAGE THRESHOLD; PRIMATE EYE; PULSES; LESIONS; RADIATION; EXPOSURE AB The past several years has seen a severe shortage of pathogen-free Indian origin rhesus macaques due to the increased requirement for this model in retroviral research. With greater than 30 years of research data accumulated using the Rhesus macaque as the model for laser eye injury there exists a need to bridge to a more readily available nonhuman primate model. Much of the data previously collected from the Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) provided the basis for the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards for laser safety. Currently a Tri-service effort is underway to utilize the Cynomolgus monkey (Macacafasicularis) as a replacement for the Rhesus macaque. Preliminary functional and morphological baseline data collected from multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and retinal cell counts were compared from a small group of monkeys and tissues to determine if significant differences existed between the species. Initial functional findings from mfERG yielded only one difference for the n2 amplitude value which was greater in the Cynomolgus monkey. No significant differences were seen in retinal and foveal thickness, as determined by OCT scans and no significant differences were seen in ganglion cell and inner nuclear cell nuclei counts. A highly significant difference was seen in the numbers of photoreceptor nuclei with greater numbers in the Rhesus macaque. This indicates more studies should be performed to determine the impact that a model change would have on the laser bioeffects community and their ability to continue to provide minimal visible lesion data for laser safety standards. The continued goal of this project will be to provide that necessary baseline information for a seamless transition to a more readily available animal model. C1 USA, Dept Med Res, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP DiCarlo, CD (reprint author), USA, Dept Med Res, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 7965 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5659-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5686 BP 642 EP 653 DI 10.1117/12.593668 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCI71 UT WOS:000229607700086 ER PT S AU Bostick, AC Johnson, TE Randolph, DQ Winston, GC AF Bostick, AC Johnson, TE Randolph, DQ Winston, GC BE Bartels, KE Bass, LA DeRiese, WTW Gregory, KW Hirschberg, H Katzir, A Kollias, N Madsen, SJ Malek, RS McNallyHeintzelman, KM Tate, LP Trowers, EA Wong, BJF TI Response of pigmented porcine skin (Sus scrofa domestica) to single 3.8 micron laser radiation pulses SO Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics CY JAN 22-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE 3.8 micron lasers; ED50 threshold; Yucatan mini- pigs; epithelial changes; in-vivo laser exposure ID MODELS AB Background and purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of melanin on skin response to single 3.8 micron, eight microsecond laser pulses and the difference in lesion formation thresholds for input into laser safety standards. Williams et al., performed a study examining laser tissue interaction from 3.8-micron lasers in lightly pigmented Yorkshire pigs (Sus scrofa domestica). 1 However, studies performed by Eggleston et al comparing pigmented and lightly pigmented skin with human skin found that the Yucatan mini-pig is a superior model for laser skin exposures. Methods: Five Yucatan mini-pigs under general anesthesia were exposed to 3.8 micron laser pulses ranging from 0.8 J/cm(2) to 93 J/cm(2). Gross examinations were done acutely and 24 hours after laser exposure. Skin biopsies were then collected at various times post exposure, and histologic examinations were conducted. Results: The 24 hour ED50 was determined to be 4.5 J/cm(2) with fiducial limits of 6.2 and 2.2 j/cm(2). As deposited energy was increased, the lesion presentation ranged from whitening of the epidermis (4 J/cm(2)) to whitening with inflammatory centers (14 J/cm(2)), and at the highest energy levels inflammatory areas were replaced with an epidemial ulcerated central area (>= 21. J/cm(2)). C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bostick, AC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5659-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5686 BP 668 EP 673 DI 10.1117/12.594581 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCI71 UT WOS:000229607700089 ER PT S AU Garrett, GA Collins, CJ Sampath, AV Shen, H Wraback, M LeBoeuf, SF Flynn, J Brandes, G AF Garrett, GA Collins, CJ Sampath, AV Shen, H Wraback, M LeBoeuf, SF Flynn, J Brandes, G BE Stutzmann, M TI Defect density dependence of carrier dynamics in AlGaN multiple quantum wells grown on GaN substrates and templates SO Physica Status Solidi C - Conferences and Critical Reviews, Vol 2, No 7 SE PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C-CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitrides Semiconductors (IWN 2004) CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID TIMES AB Subpicosecond time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) has been used to compare the room temperature carrier dynamics in Al0.1Ga0.9N/Al0.3Ga0.7N multiple quantum well (MQW) structures simultaneously deposited on a high quality free standing HVPE GaN substrate (dislocation density similar to 1x10(7)cm(-2)) and 1 mu m MOCVD GaN template on sapphire. The PL lifetime of similar to 500 ps in the MQW on GaN substrate is about 5 times longer than that for the MQW on GaN template, with a concomitant increase in CW PL intensity. This behavior is attributed primarily to an increase in nonradiative lifetime associated with a 100 times reduction in dislocation density in the GaN substrate. The observation that the PL lifetime in the MQW falls short of the similar to 900 ps dominant decay time in the GaN substrate may be indicative of generation of additional defects and dislocations due to substrate surface preparation, strain relaxation, and nonoptimal growth temperature associated with the difference in heating of the thin GaN template on sapphire and the thick GaN substrate. An extended PL rise time of greater than 20 ps for the MQW emission when above barrier pumping is employed implies that both wells and barriers are of high quality. (c) 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, ANSRD ARL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Garrett, GA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, ANSRD ARL SE EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1610-1634 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 2332 EP 2336 DI 10.1002/pssc.200461600 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO55 UT WOS:000230421400073 ER PT J AU Winters, MV Blake, CG Trost, JS Marcello-Brinke, TB Lowe, L Garber, IB Wainner, RS AF Winters, MV Blake, CG Trost, JS Marcello-Brinke, TB Lowe, L Garber, IB Wainner, RS TI Passive versus active stretching SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Letter C1 Kimbrough Ambulatory Care Ctr, Musculoskeletal Care Clin, Ft Mende, MD 20755 USA. LaPointe Hlth Clin, Ft Campbell, KY USA. Bolling AFB, Washington, DC USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. US Army Baylor Univ, Grad Program Phys Therapy, MCCS HMT, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Winters, MV (reprint author), Kimbrough Ambulatory Care Ctr, Musculoskeletal Care Clin, Ft Mende, MD 20755 USA. EM Robert.Wainner@CEN.AMEDD.ARMY.MIL NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 IS 1 BP 80 EP 81 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 888GX UT WOS:000226363300008 ER PT J AU Asplund, CA Brown, DL AF Asplund, CA Brown, DL TI The running shoe prescription - Fit for performance SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH; STRESS-FRACTURES; INJURIES; BIOMECHANICS; FOOTWEAR AB Running-related injuries are among the most frequent reasons for primary care visits. Armed with information on the basics of foot types, gait patterns, and running shoe design, healthcare providers can perform a simple, office-based assessment that gives the best possible advice to patients regarding the fit and features of their running shoes. Patients who wear proper foot gear may well have fewer running-related injuries. C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ft Lewis, WA USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Community & Family Med, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Asplund, CA (reprint author), 791 Osprey Lane, Martinez, GA 30907 USA. EM Chad.Asplund@us.army.mil NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 8 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 887FH UT WOS:000226290500008 PM 20086329 ER PT S AU Garrett, GA Rudin, S Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Shen, H Wraback, M AF Garrett, GA Rudin, S Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Shen, H Wraback, M BE Menendez, J VanDeWalle, CG TI Hot carrier dynamics in GaN studied by subpicosecond luminescence spectroscopy SO Physics of Semiconductors, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-27) CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Flagstaff, AZ SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Sci Fdn, AF Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res Dev, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys ID RELAXATION AB Gated luminescence down-conversion is used to study hot carrier relaxation in homoepitaxial GaN by measurement of photoluminescence (PL) rise times for varying carrier excitation energies and densities. Dynamics of the carrier distributions are mapped through evolution of the PL spectrum. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Garrett, GA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0257-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 772 BP 243 EP 244 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCQ42 UT WOS:000230723900098 ER PT S AU Rudin, S Reinecke, TL AF Rudin, S Reinecke, TL BE Menendez, J VanDeWalle, CG TI Exciton coherence times and linewidths in InGaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-27) CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Flagstaff, AZ SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Sci Fdn, AF Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res Dev, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys AB We have evaluated the contributions of several exciton-acoustic-phonon scattering mechanisms to the homogeneous linewidths of excitons in self assembled InGaAs quantum dots. These contributions determine the temperature dependence of the linewidths. We have considered both inelastic phonon scatterings and also lattice relaxation effects. We have expressed the exciton linewidth in terms of the phonon linewidths and have evaluated the effects of all phonon lifetime mechanisms, including anharmonic phonon effects, impurity scattering, alloy fluctuations, and boundary and interface phonon scattering in the mesa structures. We have found that only the boundary phonon scattering on the mesa produces linewidth of the magnitude needed to account for experiment. Our results are consistent with the mesa size dependence of the linewidths observed in recent experiments. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0257-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 772 BP 1451 EP 1452 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCQ42 UT WOS:000230723900675 ER PT B AU Dunn, C Widby, JB Watson, S Del Rio, RR Fulton, DO AF Dunn, C Widby, JB Watson, S Del Rio, RR Fulton, DO GP IEEE TI Inline network encryptors - Enabling Internet protocol tunneling for securing data SO Proceedings from the Sixth Annual IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Information Assurance Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual IEEE Systems, Man and Cypernetics Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 15-17, 2005 CL W Point, NY SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Natl Secur Agcy, US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Eng & Comp Sci C1 USA, Battle Command Battle Lab Gordon, Off Symbol ATZH BL, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Dunn, C (reprint author), USA, Battle Command Battle Lab Gordon, Off Symbol ATZH BL, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9290-6 PY 2005 BP 463 EP 463 DI 10.1109/IAW.2005.1496002 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCO94 UT WOS:000230457900077 ER PT B AU Arnas, AO AF Arnas, AO BE Kjelstrup, S Hustad, JE Gundersen, T Rosjorde, A Tsatsaronis, G TI Contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics by deGroot-Mazur-Prigogine: In memoriam SO Proceedings of ECOS 2005, Vols 1-3: SHAPING OUR FUTURE ENERGY SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems (ECOS 2005) CY JUN 20-22, 2005 CL Trondheim, NORWAY SP Res Council Norway, Hydro, Norske Skog, Statoil, Sor Trondelag Fylkeskommune, Enova, Gassnova, NTNU SINTEF, Gas Technol Ctr DE De Groot; Mazur; Prigogine; Onsager; non-equilibrium thermodynamics ID IRREVERSIBLE-PROCESSES; RECIPROCAL RELATIONS AB The three pillars of non-equilibrium thermodynamics have passed away within the last decade. Although they all followed in the footsteps of Onsager, they were able to extend the horizons beyond his contributions through their own research, students, and publications. As engineers, however, we have not been very enthusiastic or seem not to be too concerned with non-equilibrium situations; nevertheless, it seems that we have to be able to respond to new technological developments in material science and engineering as well as emerging applications to engineering processes and systems that are challenging us in today's world. To be able to do this, we at least must teach the appropriate material to our students in class and through research problems. It is only then that we will have prepared the future generation to tackle the problems at hand today and those that will appear in the future. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Arnas, AO (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORWEGIAN UNIV SCI TECHNOL PI TRONDHEIM PA O S BRAGSTADS PLASS 2E, 7491 TRONDHEIM, NORWAY BN 82-519-2041-8 PY 2005 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BCZ79 UT WOS:000232156000001 ER PT B AU Evans, MD Griffiths, DV AF Evans, Mark D. Griffiths, D. V. GP MILLPRESS TI 3D finite element analysis of bearing capacity failure in clay SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-5: GEOTECHNOLOGY IN HARMONY WITH THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering CY 2005 CL Osaka, JAPAN SP Int Soc Soil Mech & Geotech Engn, Japanese Geotech Soc AB Three-dimensional finite element analysis is a useful tool for practical problem solving as well as for parametric analysis and failure mechanism visualization. In this paper, Mohr-Coulomb, elasto-viscoplastic, bearing capacity analyses were performed using finite element code running on massively parallel computers. With the recent advent of PC Clusters, parallel computing is readily available to those who may not have access to parallel supercomputers. Square, rectangular, and strip footings are considered to determine bearing capacity factors. Values obtained by these finite element analyses are comparable to those values reported in the literature. Speedup values for increased numbers of processors in the parallel environment are also presented and discussed. C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Evans, MD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-5966-027-4 PY 2005 BP 893 EP 896 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BGG08 UT WOS:000246615101128 ER PT S AU Potenziani, E Kosinski, JA AF Potenziani, E Kosinski, JA BE Yuhas, MP TI An examination of the Mossbauer effect as the basis of a time/frequency standard SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXPOSITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 23-27, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE DE Mossbauer effect; Massbauer spectroscopy; time standard ID VON GAMMASTRAHLUNG; IR-191 AB A variety of resonance phenomena are used as the basis for time and frequency standards. These include mechanical resonances in piezoelectric resonators, electromagnetic resonances in microwave cavities, and level transitions in atomic standards. Each type of resonance has its own set of advantages and disadvantages with respect to ultimate stability, sensitivity to environmental effects, and practical considerations in size, weight, power, cost, and complexity of the physical implementation. In this context, we are examining the potential for using the Mossbauer effect as the basis for a time and frequency standard. Whereas atomic standards are based upon transitions between atomic (electron orbital) levels, the Mossbauer effect arises from transitions between nuclear (atomic nucleus) energy levels. Our initial analysis of candidate resonances has identified four promising Mossbauer Isotopes with relative linewidths on the order of 10(-14) to 10(-11) : Fe-57, Ge-73, Ta-181, and Gd-157. Other relevant characteristics including state lifetimes, natural abundance, and environmental sensitivities have also been determined. In this paper we will discuss the basis form of a proposed Mossbauer effect time and frequency standard, the resonance parameters being examined, and the results of our analysis of some of the best candidate nuclear systems. C1 USA, RDECOM, AMSRD, CER,IW, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP USA, RDECOM, AMSRD, CER,IW, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. EM ernest.potenziani@us.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-8413-X J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 790 EP 794 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCB56 UT WOS:000228522000150 ER PT B AU Hall, J Mayfield, C Toll, R Yu, D AF Hall, J Mayfield, C Toll, R Yu, D GP Univ Virginia, Dept Syst & Informat Engn TI Impact of Scramjet technology in supporting the army's mission to defend conus against cruise missles and TBM SO Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Systems & Information Engineering Design Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium CY APR 29, 2005 CL Charlottesville, VA AB The purpose of our research is to define a battle unit and to create a systems evaluation process to evaluate the military impact and value of using Scramjet technology in weapons systems as envisioned in military scenarios defined for the battle unit to engage threats. The initial stakeholder is the United States Army. The stakeholder needs are defined as follows: evaluate the possible contribution of Scramjet technology to Arm), transformation and development of future combat systems. Evaluations will then be measured against the objectives of flexibility, adaptability, lethality response time, and the resultant impact on mission success. We model the system of attacker and defender by a network of queues with special queuing and service rules. Our battle unit will consist of a sensor system, a command and control system, and a defender system with n units. The units will have attributes assumed to be given. We will approximate the system evaluation by a network of queues with balking and general service and general arrival distributions. C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Hall, J (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DEPT SYSTEMS & INFORMATION ENGINEERING, UNIV VIRGINIA PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA PO BOX 400747, 151 ENGINEERS WAY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22904-4747 USA BN 0-9744559-4-6 PY 2005 BP 45 EP 54 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCU05 UT WOS:000231218500007 ER PT B AU Brown, L Drake, JR Mulligan, JT Murray, WC Williamson, S Trainor, TE AF Brown, L Drake, JR Mulligan, JT Murray, WC Williamson, S Trainor, TE GP Univ Virginia, Dept Syst & Informat Engn TI Transportation safety and risk assessment SO Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Systems & Information Engineering Design Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium CY APR 29, 2005 CL Charlottesville, VA AB The overall objective of this work is to create and test a military application of a transportation safety assessment tool for industry. The industry tool, the Fleet Operations Safety Assessment Tool (FOSAT) is being refined and is scheduled for implementation by an insurance company. The same process for evaluating safety in industry can aid the military in assessing and improving safety practices in ground transportation operations. Data generated from testing the military application will be used to develop methods for forecasting improvements in safety performance metrics. The test results will also be used by the insurance industry to refine the FOSAT. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Brown, L (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DEPT SYSTEMS & INFORMATION ENGINEERING, UNIV VIRGINIA PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA PO BOX 400747, 151 ENGINEERS WAY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22904-4747 USA BN 0-9744559-4-6 PY 2005 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1109/SIEDS.2005.193238 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCU05 UT WOS:000231218500008 ER PT B AU Elgort, K Komaromy, S Madden, J Taylor, A AF Elgort, K Komaromy, S Madden, J Taylor, A GP Univ Virginia, Dept Syst & Informat Engn TI Us army employment of unattended ground sensors SO Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Systems & Information Engineering Design Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium CY APR 29, 2005 CL Charlottesville, VA AB Army research initiatives include research and development of unattended ground sensors (UGS). UGS will improve the ability of tactical units to collect information and are expected to play an increasingly important role. Sensors are of several types, including acoustic, seismic, magnetic, electric field, and imaging. It is expected that deployed sensors will be self-organizing to form a sensor field. Because of power and communication limitations, it is anticipated that the sensor field will be required to process data locally, and report only the results of this analysis. Given detection, the report will include the classification or identification of an object transiting the field,as well as the field's self-assessed level of confidence in the estimate. This study examined the level of confidence required before a decision maker would reallocate resources based on the report. Combat arms officers were provided a tactical situation and the sensor field level of confidence required before commitment of forces was elicited. A computer model was then used to investigate what sensor mixtures and densities were required to meet this threshold. The impact of correct and incorrect decisions for a tactical situation was examined using a high-resolution combat model. Additionally, the responsible unit level and doctrinal employment were examined. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10997 USA. RP Elgort, K (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10997 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU DEPT SYSTEMS & INFORMATION ENGINEERING, UNIV VIRGINIA PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA PO BOX 400747, 151 ENGINEERS WAY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22904-4747 USA BN 0-9744559-4-6 PY 2005 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1109/SIEDS.2005.193267 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCU05 UT WOS:000231218500037 ER PT B AU Aplon, S Curry, D Hilling, D Orr, J Piosa, M AF Aplon, S Curry, D Hilling, D Orr, J Piosa, M GP Univ Virginia, Dept Syst & Informat Engn TI Bradley lethality study SO Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Systems & Information Engineering Design Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium CY APR 29, 2005 CL Charlottesville, VA AB The Bradley Fighting Vehicle System entered into Army service in 1981 and will be used in the Army inventory until at least the year 2032. In order to maintain lethal dominance. the Bradley will require a new direct fire systems. Larger caliber systems provide increased lethality, but reduce the amount of ammunition available and have increased cost. This project investigated which alternative provides the optimum Bradley weapons system. The client was interested in the weapon performance over a variety of terrains and mission profiles. In order to reduce the number of combinations of design variables, Pythagoras, an Agent-Based Model, was employed to investigate the optimum burst size for each weapon. Then a high resolution combat model, JCATS, will be employed to examine the performance of the candidate systems as compared to the current system. A value model was developed to compare the evaluation measures. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10096 USA. RP Aplon, S (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10096 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DEPT SYSTEMS & INFORMATION ENGINEERING, UNIV VIRGINIA PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA PO BOX 400747, 151 ENGINEERS WAY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22904-4747 USA BN 0-9744559-4-6 PY 2005 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1109/SIEDS.2005.193270 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCU05 UT WOS:000231218500040 ER PT B AU Forman, JL Hitching, A Reinold, T Turner, E Vrabel, M McGinnis, M AF Forman, JL Hitching, A Reinold, T Turner, E Vrabel, M McGinnis, M GP Univ Virginia, Dept Syst & Informat Engn TI Integration of systems engineering best practices with DOD acquisition practices SO Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Systems & Information Engineering Design Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium CY APR 29, 2005 CL Charlottesville, VA AB Technological developments and requirements in a world of rapidly changing innovations and warfare dictate a high level of need for new equipment. The Defense Acquisition System is the management process by which the Department of Defense provides effective, affordable, and timely systems to the users to satisfy, capability needs. Currently. this system is managed by DOD Directive. 5000.1, entitled the Defense Acquisition System and DOD Instruction 5000.2, Operation of the Defense Acquisition System-which is constantly criticized for its slow, confusing, and bureaucratic nature. For this reason, this project will analyze different systems engineering processes, and compare them to the current Acquisition process, in order to improve the Defense Acquisition System. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10997 USA. RP Forman, JL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10997 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DEPT SYSTEMS & INFORMATION ENGINEERING, UNIV VIRGINIA PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA PO BOX 400747, 151 ENGINEERS WAY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22904-4747 USA BN 0-9744559-4-6 PY 2005 BP 335 EP 337 DI 10.1109/SIEDS.2005.193276 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCU05 UT WOS:000231218500046 ER PT B AU Smuda, WJ Gerhart, GR AF Smuda, WJ Gerhart, GR GP IEEE TI Mobile sensor systems robotic platforms and smart sensors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2005 INTELLIGENT SENSORS, SENSOR NETWORKS & INFORMATION PROCESSING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2005 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Melbourne, Australian Govt, Australian Res Council, ARC Res Networks Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks & Informat Proc, DARPA, Australian Govt, Dept Def, Def Sci & Technol Org, IEEE, IEEE Sensors Council AB Mobile robots must adapt to react safely with other robots, the environment and their mission. Adaptive behaviors for multiple mission scenarios require multi-level controls and the ability to modify controls at many levels. In many sensing and operational scenarios, deterministic solutions are not practical. Due to the inherent complexity of real world operations changes within even a single mission scenario, can cause major software revisions. Soft Computing techniques, expert systems, neural networks and other adaptive learning techniques are a potential solution to reduce cost and risk. C1 USA, TARDEC Robot Mobil Lab, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP USA, TARDEC Robot Mobil Lab, 6501 E 11 Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. EM bill.smuda@us.army.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9399-6 PY 2005 BP 417 EP 422 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Telecommunications GA BDT72 UT WOS:000235261200069 ER PT B AU Martin, G Schamburg, J Kwinn, MJ AF Martin, G Schamburg, J Kwinn, MJ BE Kuhl, ME Steiger, NM Armstrong, FB Joines, JA TI Acquisition-based simulation SO Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 05) CY DEC 04-07, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS SIM, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB The Army acquisition community requires high-resolution simulations that represent the dismounted infantry soldier in enough detail to conduct an analysis of alternatives (AOA) for individual weapons and equipment. These models must also be capable of assessing future, proposed capabilities and technologies. Previous work established a detailed, representative set of soldier functions which should be modeled, as well as proposed coordination among three different models. This paper describes the technique used for implementing that coordination on behalf of the acquisition community. It does so in two parts. First, we discuss the methodology used to transforming the needs of the acquisition community into analysis needs. Second, we describe how we integrated the soldier functions into those analysis needs to derive simulation requirements. We will conclude with a discussion of how effective the technique has been in practice. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Ctr Operat Res, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Martin, G (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Ctr Operat Res, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9519-0 PY 2005 BP 1213 EP 1219 DI 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574379 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BDY77 UT WOS:000236253401072 ER PT S AU Feeherry, FE Doona, CJ Ross, EW AF Feeherry, FE Doona, CJ Ross, EW BE Hertog, MLA Nicolai, BM Tijskens, LMM TI Quasi-chemical kinetics model for the inactivation of microbial pathogens using high pressure processing SO Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Applications of Modelling as an Innovative Technology in the Agri-Food Chain SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Applications of Modelling as an Innovative Technology in the Agri-Food Chain CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2005 CL Louvain, BELGIUM SP Katholieke Univ Leuven, Wageningen UR, ISHS, FWO, Fluent Inc, Comsol, SAS DE Escherichia coli; Listeria monocytogenes; high pressure processing; nonlinear kinetics; primary and secondary predictive models; equivalence chart ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; GROWTH; BREAD AB The Quasi-chemical differential equation model was used to evaluate the linear and non-linear ("shoulders" and "tailing") inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes in a surrogate food system using the novel non-thermal technology of High Pressure Processing (HPP). Kinetics data were collected over the ranges of 30,000-60,000 psi (200-620 MPa) and 20-60 degrees C. The Quasi-chemical model fit the inactivation data, and secondary models were established by relating the inactivation rate constants with pressure and temperature. These models provide the basis 1) to predict the pasteurization of these pathogens in pressure-treated foods, and 2) to develop predictive models for future work involving spores, that can become incorporated in the ComBase initiative. C1 USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Syst Ctr, Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Feeherry, FE (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Syst Ctr, Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-618-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 674 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BCR17 UT WOS:000230885900028 ER PT S AU Zakikhani, M Harrelson, DW Pennington, JC Brannon, JM Corcoran, MK Clark, J Sniffen, WA AF Zakikhani, M. Harrelson, D. W. Pennington, J. C. Brannon, J. M. Corcoran, M. K. Clark, J. Sniffen, W. A. BE Lekkas, TD TI Case study of monitored natural attenuation as an alternative remedial action of groundwater SO Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Vol A - Oral Presentations, Pts A and B SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology CY SEP 01-03, 2005 CL Rhodes Isl, GREECE SP Global Network Environm Sci & Technol, Univ Aegean, Dept Environm Studies AB Manufacturing and loading, assembling, and packaging of explosives in the past have resulted in generation of solid and liquid waste that contaminated soil and groundwater. Explosives were predominantly 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine (RDX). Several processes having the potential to attenuate TNT and RDX have been identified and include biotic and abiotic transformation, microbial degradation, and immobilization by chemical reactions between contaminants and organic matter or clays. The objective of this project was to demonstrate natural attenuation of explosives at a site. The demonstration included groundwater monitoring, modeling, and a cone penetrometry sampling event to characterize site lithology and to obtain sample material for other parts of the study. Groundwater monitoring procedures were optimized to generate reliable trends in explosives concentrations over time. Batch and column partitioning studies were used to evaluate the significance of site capacity on ultimate fate and transport of the explosives. Both biomarker and stable isotope techniques were investigated for use as monitoring tools. Groundwater modeling systems were used to predict future contaminant extent. Results demonstrated declining concentrations of explosives in groundwater over the monitoring period. Contaminant mass declined and the groundwater model predicted a shrinking plume in a 20-year simulation. Biomarkers demonstrated the microbial degradation potential of RDX and TNT in aquifer soils and provided an estimate of degradation rates. Use of stable isotope ratios of nitrogen in TNT extracted from groundwater was a promising indicator of attenuation. Results demonstrated that natural attenuation is a viable option, which should be among the options considered for remediation of explosives contaminated sites. C1 USA, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Zakikhani, M (reprint author), USA, ERDC, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV AEGEAN PI ATHENS PA VOULGAROKTONOU 30, ATHENS 114 72, GREECE SN 1106-5516 BN 960-7475-33-X J9 PROC INT CONF ENV SC PY 2005 BP A1665 EP A1673 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEL30 UT WOS:000237753600259 ER PT B AU Hillegass, MJ Faller, JG Bounds, MS El-Gindy, M Chae, S AF Hillegass, Matthew J. Faller, James G. Bounds, Mark S. El-Gindy, Moustafa Chae, Seokyong GP ASME TI Validating the vertical dynamic performance of a multi-wheeled combat vehicle computer simulation model SO Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Division 2005, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE multi-wheeled vehicle dynamics; dynamic model validation; computer simulations; validation methodology ID TRAILER COMBINATION AB Performance testing is an important step in the development of any vehicle model. Generally, full-scale field tests are conducted to collect the dynamic response characteristics for evaluating the vehicle performance. However, with increases in computational power and the accuracy of simulation models, virtual testing can be extensively used as an alternative to the time consuming and costly full-scale tests, especially for severe maneuvers. Validation of the simulation results is critical for the acceptance of such simulation models. In this paper, a methodology for validating the vertical dynamic performance of a virtual vehicle has been discussed. The dynamic performance of a multi-wheeled combat vehicle model specially developed using a multi-body dynamics code was validated against the measured data obtained on the U.S. Army Aberdeen Test Center's (ATC) test courses. The multi-wheeled combat vehicle variant computer simulation model was developed in TruckSim, a vehicle dynamic simulation software developed by the Mechanical Simulation Corporation. Prior to validating the model, the vehicle weights, dimensions, tires and suspension characteristics were measured and referenced in the specially developed computer simulation model. The data for respective leading manufacturers in the form of look-up tables. The predictions of the vehicle vertical dynamics on different road profiles at various vehicle speeds were compared with the field test results. The time domain data for the vertical acceleration at the vehicle center of gravity, pitching, vehicle speed and the suspension/damper displacement were compared to analyze the feasibility of using the computer simulation models to predict the vertical dynamic performance of the vehicle. Based on the results it was found that the particular combat vehicle computer simulation model is capable of predicting the vertical dynamic performance characteristics. C1 USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hillegass, MJ (reprint author), USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4215-0 PY 2005 BP 31 EP 40 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFI29 UT WOS:000241987200004 ER PT B AU Kumar, M Garg, DP Zachery, R AF Kumar, Manish Garg, Devendra P. Zachery, Randy GP ASME TI Intelligent sensor modeling and data fusion via neural network and maximum likelihood estimation SO Proceedings of the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division 2005, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB The major thrust of this paper is to develop a sensor model based on a probabilistic approach that could accurately provide information about individual sensor's uncertainties and limitations. The sensor model aims to provide a most informative likelihood function that can be used to obtain a statistical and probabilistic estimate of uncertainties and errors due to some environmental parameters or parameters of any feature extraction algorithm used in estimation based on sensor's outputs. This paper makes use of a neural network that has been trained with the help of a novel technique that obtains training signal from a maximum likelihood estimator. The proposed technique was applied to model stereo-vision sensors and Infra-Red (IR) proximity sensor, and information from these sensors were fused in a Bayesian framework to obtain a three-dimensional occupancy profile of objects in robotic workspace. The capability of the proposed technique in accurately obtaining three-dimensional occupancy profile and efficiently removing individual sensor uncertainties was demonstrated and validated via experiments carried out in the Robotics and Manufacturing Automation (RAMA) Laboratory at Duke University. C1 Duke Univ, USA, Res Off, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Kumar, M (reprint author), Duke Univ, USA, Res Off, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4216-4 PY 2005 BP 1759 EP 1768 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFY96 UT WOS:000245508100206 ER PT B AU Rickman, DD Murrell, DW AF Rickman, Denis D. Murrell, Donald W. GP ASME TI Development of an improved methodology for predicting airblast pressure relief on a directly-loaded wall SO Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference 2005, Vol 4 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 17-21, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE airblast; reflected pressure; structure loads; pressure relief AB The interaction of an airblast wave with a structure, and the blast wave propagation around and over the structure is of significant importance. In order to protect a structure from the airblast produced by such explosive threats as terrorist bombs, a facility designer must possess an adequate knowledge of the expected blast wave loading. Of greatest importance are pressures and impulses on the directly-loaded face of the structure, since it is typically subjected to the highest (reflected) pressures. It has long been recognized that reflected pressure time-histories can be strongly influenced by pressure relief from the free edges of the loaded wall. The relief wave can significantly reduce the magnitude of the late-time portion of the positive reflected pressure phase, resulting in a substantial decrease in the peak impulse load. Most current predictive methodologies attempt to account for the relief wave and its effect on impulse. Unfortunately, these methods tend to be rather inaccurate because the exact manner in which the relief wave is manifested is not accurately defined. The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center has developed an improved methodology to predict the effect of pressure relief This paper presents the basis for the methodology, and its practical application. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Rickman, DD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, ATTN CEERD-GM-I 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4189-8 J9 PRES VES P PY 2005 VL 4 BP 755 EP 766 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFO20 UT WOS:000243400300088 ER PT B AU Litt, JS AF Litt, Jonathan S. GP ASME TI An optimal orthogonal decomposition method for Kalman filter-based turbofan engine thrust estimation SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE thrust estimation; Kalman filter; gas path analysis; diagnostics; engine deterioration ID GAS-TURBINE PERFORMANCE; ALGORITHM; SELECTION; SYSTEM AB A new linear point design technique is presented for the determination of tuning parameters that enable the optimal estimation of unmeasured engine outputs such as thrust. The engine's performance is affected by its level of degradation, generally described in terms of unmeasurable health parameters related to each major engine component. Accurate thrust reconstruction depends upon knowledge of these health parameters, but there are usually too few sensors to be able to estimate their values. In this new technique, a set of tuning parameters is determined which accounts for degradation by representing the overall effect of the larger set of health parameters as closely as possible in a least squares sense. The technique takes advantage of the properties of the singular value decomposition of a matrix to generate a tuning parameter vector of low enough dimension that it can be estimated by a Kalman filter. A concise design procedure to generate a tuning vector that specifically takes into account the variables of interest is presented. An example demonstrates the tuning parameters' ability to facilitate matching of both measured and unmeasured engine outputs, as well as state variables. Additional properties of the formulation are shown to lend themselves well to diagnostics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Litt, JS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4699-7 PY 2005 BP 745 EP 756 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFN84 UT WOS:000243375800084 ER PT J AU Rueda, LM Ma, Y Song, GH Gao, Q AF Rueda, LM Ma, Y Song, GH Gao, Q TI Notes on the distribution of Anopheles (Anopheles) sinensis Wiedemann (Diptera : Culicidae) in China and the status of some Anopheles hyrcanus group type specimens from China SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. 2nd Mil Med Univ, Dept Etiol Biol, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. 2nd Mil Med Univ, Dept Parasitol, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Inst Parasit Dis, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Rueda, LM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, MSC MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM ruedapol@msc.si.edu NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 887QC UT WOS:000226319600027 ER PT S AU Dutta, PK DiPaolo, B AF Dutta, PK DiPaolo, B GP ISOPE TI Shock attenuation in graded materials SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTEENTH (2005) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2005) CY JUN 19-24, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA DE composites; impedance grading; gradient material; energy attenuation; armor; penetration; shock; stress pulse AB Over the last several decades for improved ballistic penetration resistance the homogenous single-layer armor was changed to multilayer integral armor. This led to better attenuation of shock wave energy by multiple interface reflections and transmissions. Efforts have been reported to improve the penetration resistance by providing higher energy dissipation by higher levels of impedance mismatch. However, high stress concentrations and stress reversals have made these interfaces the primary sources of failure. This paper discusses a layerless but continuously impedance graded material system that can dissipate the same shock energy without material failure. C1 USA, Corps Engineer, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Dutta, PK (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineer, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2005 BP 509 EP 512 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCZ23 UT WOS:000232030900081 ER PT B AU Sahu, J AF Sahu, J GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Advanced coupled CFD/RBD calculations of free-flight projectile aerodynamics SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB This paper describes a new multidisciplinary computational study undertaken to model the flight trajectories and the free flight aerodynamics of both finned and spinning projectile configurations. Actual flight trajectories are computed using an advanced coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD)/rigid body dynamics (RBD) technique. An advanced time-accurate Navier-Stokes computational technique has been used in CFD to compute the unsteady aerodynamics associated with the free flight of the finned projectile at supersonic speeds and the spinning projectile at subsonic speeds. Computed positions and orientations of the projectile have been compared with actual data measured from free flight tests and are found to be generally in good agreement. Predicted aerodynamics forces and moments also compare well with the forces and moments used in the six degree freedom fits of the results of the same tests. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sahu, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 86 EP 91 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600015 ER PT B AU Potsdam, M Yeo, H Johnson, W AF Potsdam, M Yeo, H Johnson, W GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Rotor airloads prediction using multidisciplinary coupling SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB This work couples a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code and rotorcraft computational structural dynamics (CSD) code to calculate helicopter rotor airloads. An iterative loose coupling methodology is used to couple the CFD and CSD codes on a per revolution, periodic basis. The CFD code uses a high fidelity, Navier-Stokes, overset grid methodology with first principles-based wake capturing. For a UH-60A Blackhawk helicopter, three challenging level flight conditions spanning the flight envelope are computed. Airloads results are compared favorably with UH-60A Airloads Program flight test data. Overall, the results are a noteworthy improvement over state-of-the-art aerodynamics used in rotorcraft comprehensive codes. C1 USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, AMRDEC, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Potsdam, M (reprint author), USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, AMRDEC, Moffett Field, CA USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600023 ER PT B AU Hathaway, MD Herrick, G Webster, R Chen, JP AF Hathaway, MD Herrick, G Webster, R Chen, JP GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Unsteady simulation of the stall inception process in the compression system of a US Army Helicopter Gas Turbine Engine - Final year progress SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC ID INJECTION; STABILITY AB The operational envelope of gas turbine engines such as employed in the Army Blackhawk helicopter is constrained by the stability limit of the compression system. Stall control technologies developed at the ARL Vehicle Technology Directorate and NASA Glenn Research Center to improve the stable operating range of compressors lack fundamental understanding beneficial to design guidance. Improved understanding of the stall inception process and how stall control technologies mitigate such will provide compressors with increased tolerance to stall, thereby expanding the operational envelope of military gas turbine engines. To provide improved understanding, time accurate CFD simulations are being computed at full-scale actual engine conditions using the parallel solver, TURBO, developed at Mississippi State University (MSU) with support from NASA, DoD, and industry. As a compressor nears stall the flow field is no longer periodic from passage to passage, therefore full-annulus (i.e., all blade passages of every blade row) must he computed. For a typical multistage compressor this becomes a formidable computational challenge requiring access to massively parallel machines in order to meet the computational and memory demands of the problem. Unsteady full-annulus simulations of both a single stage axial and centrifugal compressor, for which detailed experimental data are available, provide validation of the TURBO code for subsequent use in predicting the stall inception processes in an axi-centrifugal multistage compressor employed in the Army Blackhawk helicopter. The simulations show the inception of stall and subsequent evolution into a fully developed stall cell. Also, shown are the predictions of range extension with stall control and comparison to measurements. Finally, a status of the unsteady full-annulus simulations of the compression system components of the U.S. Army Helicopter Gas Turbine Engine is presented. All military and commercial gas turbine engine systems can benefit from the proposed work. In the future, this work could lead to new gas turbine engine designs with resistance to compressor stall and thus improved combat capability. This work will provide the first-ever 3-dimensional viscous time-accurate simulation of the stall inception process in a multistage compressor, providing insight into the causal link between compressor blade design parameters and the stable operating limit, which will be used to guide new design practices leading to compressor designs with increased tolerance to stall. This paper presents final-year progress on this challenge project. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Hathaway, MD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 160 EP 172 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600025 ER PT B AU Nusca, MJ McQuaid, MJ AF Nusca, MJ McQuaid, MJ GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Combustion chamber fluid dynamics and hypergolic gel propellant chemistry simulations for selectable thrust rocket engines SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; THERMOCHEMISTRY; KINETICS; MODELS; FLOW AB This paper describes the development and application of high performance computing for the acceleration of tactical missile hypergolic propulsion system development. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to model the chemically reacting flow within a system's combustion chamber, and computational chemistry is employed to characterize propellant physical and reactive properties. Accomplishments from the past year are presented and discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Nusca, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 189 EP 196 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600028 ER PT B AU Akers, S Weed, R Rickman, D Danielson, K AF Akers, S Weed, R Rickman, D Danielson, K GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Numerical simulations of explosive wall breaching SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB Explosive wall breaching will be a key war fighter capability in future military operations by dismounted soldiers in urban terrain environments where the close proximity of urban structures, possibly occupied by noncombatants, significantly restricts the use of large demolition charges or large caliber direct-fire weapons. The US Army Engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC) is currently investigating new explosive wall breaching systems and numerical techniques to model the breaching system interaction with the wall targets. The experimental and numerical programs will conduct comprehensive demolition breaching research on a full range of construction and material hypes and will fully validate new multi-functional breaching procedures across the spectrum of desired missions. As a first step in this process, the ERDC conducted a baseline study of C-4 breaching effectiveness against steel-reinforced concrete walls in FY04. The goal of this effort was to develop improved methods for breaching these walls with simple arrangements of C-4. The experimental breaching scenarios addressed: (1) a baseline study of C-4 breaching, (2) optimal use of C-4 for concrete removal, and (3) optimal use of C-4 for concrete and reinforcing steel removal. Numerical simulations of two selected experiments were conducted using the coupled Eulerian and Lagrangian code Zapotec. In these simulations, the concrete and reinforcing steel were modeled as Lagrangian materials, and the C-4 and air were modeled as Eulerian materials. Two different concrete constitutive models were used in the simulations: the Karagozian and Case concrete model, which is included with Zopolec, and the Microplane model, which was implemented in Zapotec by ERDC personnel. Comparisons between the experimental results and the numerical simulations will be described. C1 USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Akers, S (reprint author), USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 202 EP 206 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600030 ER PT B AU Baylot, JT Armstrong, BJ Rickman, DD Bevins, TL AF Baylot, JT Armstrong, BJ Rickman, DD Bevins, TL GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Numerical Simulations of nine-building portions of a typical city SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP, USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27-30, 2005-2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB This paper summarizes research conducted in the first half of FY 2005 under High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) Challenge Project C-83 "Evaluation and Retrofit for Blast Protection in Urban Terrain." This is a 6-month extension to the Challenge Project originally scheduled to end at the end of FY 2004. The ERDC is continuing the development of improved models for predicting the blast environment for high-explosive detonations in urban terrain. This is an integrated experimental analytical program, where high performance computing (HPC) simulations are used to assist in designing experiments. The experiments are used to validate the numerical simulations, and the validated numerical simulations are used to help in understanding the phenomenology associated with blast in urban terrain. The experimental and numerical research is used to develop engineering models that can be used to quickly predict effects of adjacent buildings on the blast load on a building of interest. The primary focus of FY 2005 research was the simulation of blast environment for two different sets of nine buildings. Each nine-building configuration includes the two-building configuration simulated and tested previously. This report summarizes the effects of the additional seven buildings on the loads applied to the two buildings originally tested. C1 USACE ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP USACE ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM James.T.Baylot@erdc.usace.army.mil; Byron.J.Arrnstrong@erdc.usace.army.mil; Denis.D.Rickman@erdc.usace.army.mil; Tommy.L.Bevins@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 207 EP 214 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600031 ER PT B AU Schraml, SJ Meyer, HW Kleponis, DS Kimsey, KD AF Schraml, SJ Meyer, HW Kleponis, DS Kimsey, KD GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Simulating the formation and evolution of behind armor debris fields SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Schraml, SJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 215 EP 219 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600032 ER PT B AU Coburn, W Kenyon, C Le, C Bleszynski, M Reddy, CJ Tokogoz, C AF Coburn, W Kenyon, C Le, C Bleszynski, M Reddy, CJ Tokogoz, C GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Preliminary benchmarking of radar signature prediction codes SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; RCS AB A preliminary study of two newly developed radar signature prediction codes was conducted in comparison to Xpatch, a high-frequency radar signature code suite based on the shooting and bouncing ray technique. We use a canonical ground vehicle target known as SLICY for which high quality surface mesh representations could be developed. The main objective was to port the new codes to various HPC platforms and investigate their practical use for ground vehicles rather than a comprehensive benchmark study. We summarize the calculated signatures and computational requirements compared to Xpatch. The simulation results indicate some of the trade offs between computational speed and accuracy. Xpatch is ultra-fast and usually sufficient for applications which involve Perfectly conducting targets, devoid of cavities and not designed for low RCS performance. Under the above mentioned circumstances numerical approaches based on rigorous solution of Maxwell's equations normally provide only minor improvements in accuracy with an extreme computational cost penalty. When a more accurate method is desired these new codes provide a viable alternative to conventional approaches because of their reduced computational complexity and memory requirements. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Coburn, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 262 EP 269 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600041 ER PT B AU Ketcham, SA Anderson, TS Lacombe, J Moran, ML AF Ketcham, SA Anderson, TS Lacombe, J Moran, ML GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Seismic propagation from humans in open and urban terrain SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC ID REDUCED GRAVITY; FORCES; MEDIA; ALGORITHM; WALKING; SPEED AB Human movement produces dynamic forces that cause vibrations and seismic waves. Recent research illustrates that human movement can be recognized by measuring and analyzing mechanical responses to the movement, providing a new sensor modality to support established modes of human detection and movement tracking. Our objective is a high-performance-computing capability for simulating seismic waves propagating from walking and running humans on open terrain, on urban ground, and within buildings, to support development of human detection and signature analysis algorithms for seismic sensors. We apply viscoelastic finite-difference time-domain computations on a variable grid, using domain decomposition and MPI to operate in parallel on high performance computers. For walker/runner force inputs we develop an empirical model from published biomechanics research on human kinematics and measured ground reaction forces. Our open terrain results reveal the pulsating nature of seismic waves as they emanate from footsteps. We find that spectral characteristics of our simulated signals agree well with field signals. Our urban model results show realistic ground vibrations from runners outside of buildings, and our urban structures account for the effect of building vibrations on footstep signatures propagating from the inside to the outside of a building. We demonstrate the application of a seismic human detection algorithm using synthetic data, and conclude that the simulation method produces realistic wavefield data for virtual trials of human movement algorithms. C1 USACE ERDCH, Hanover, NH USA. RP Ketcham, SA (reprint author), USACE ERDCH, Hanover, NH USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 270 EP 277 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600042 ER PT B AU Clarke, JA Mark, ER AF Clarke, JA Mark, ER GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Extending post-processing and runtime capabilities of the CTH shock physics code SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB CTH is a multi-material, large deformation, strong shock wave, solid mechanics code that runs on most UNIX workstations and MPP supercomputers. CTH is one of the most heavily used computational structural mechanics codes on DoD High Performance Computing (HPC) platforms. While CTH includes some internal graphics capabilities, it is preferable to take advantage of widely used scientific visualization packages like EnSight and Para View to analyze the results of calculations. A new method has been devised that extends the capabilities of CTH to allow three dimensional polygonal models to be written directly from a running calculation in a format compatible to both EnSight and ParaView. Additionally, an interpreter for the scripting language Python has been embedded into CTH, and it's post-processor Spymaster. Embedded Python allows for almost limitless, parallel capabilities to be added that do not require a recompilation or relinking of the CTH executable. Examples of these capabilities include one and two way code coupling, and Behind Armor Debris (BAD) applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Clarke, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 300 EP 303 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600046 ER PT B AU Monerief, T Sanders, D AF Monerief, T Sanders, D GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Storage monitoring and forecasting at the ERDC MSRC SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB In December 2004, the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shared Resource Center (ERDC MSRC) observed a sharp rise in data storage rates on the mass storage archival (MSA) system. Projections suggested that file storage space would be exhausted by March 2005. In January 2005, the ERDC MSRC began to monitor the top storage users and request that they reduce their file storage. B v late February, consenting users had freed about 50 terabytes of space, a 15-percent reduction in overall storage. That, combined with the projected delivery of new tapes and additional capacity realized once the new Disaster Recovery site is fully populated, brings the Center out of the immediate crisis. However, the question of how to properly manage storage resources remains. With only historical data, the ERDC MSRC cannot make accurate long-term forecasts regarding data growth. To provide the optimal user environment, a mechanism must exist for incorporating project storage requirements into the growth model. At the beginning of Fiscal Year 2006, the ERDC MSRC will initiate a program for monitoring storage utilization by tracking storage usage for each project allocated computing hours by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. This paper discusses the kinds of data and reporting required for storage management, considerations in adopting an implementation model, and some new user tools and best practices for file maintenance on the MSA system. C1 USACE, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Monerief, T (reprint author), USACE, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 314 EP 319 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600049 ER PT B AU Vines, JM Sandroff, C AF Vines, JM Sandroff, C GP IEEE Comp Soc TI The state of remote scientific visualization SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB As data continue to grow beyond enormous sizes, visualization in three dimensions becomes the preferred way to analyze and solve complex problems. When visualization techniques are combined with technology that allows for global collaboration and sharing of high-resolution images the Department of Defense has a tool for making faster and better decisions. Government and academic researchers engaged in analysis and simulation can access high performance computing remotely from their desktops improving both resource utilization and productivity. The need for networked visualization is strongly driven by those agencies and organizations where the cost or impact of decision-making is very high. Such decision-making revolves around large datasets, sophisticated modeling, and is based on complex data sharing and collaboration between remote heterogeneous teams. Clearly, organizations facing the need to analyze complex data sets will realize great benefits by creating networked visualization solutions. C1 USA, Res Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Vines, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 328 EP 331 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600051 ER PT B AU Kendall, TM AF Kendall, TM GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Analysis of the performance of CTH on commodity processor-based systems SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Kendall, TM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 334 EP 338 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600052 ER PT B AU Bennett, PM Cable, SB Alter, RW Ward, WA Campbell, RL AF Bennett, PM Cable, SB Alter, RW Ward, WA Campbell, RL GP IEEE Comp Soc TI CCM, CEA, and CSM-based HPCMP systems assessment using GAMESS, OOCORE, and RF-CTH SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB The High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) obtains new supercomputing hardware each year through a rigorous acquisition process known as technology insertion (TI). TI is based primarily on application benchmarks. The suite of applications used spans many disciplines and is carefully constructed to accurate v reflect the high Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) computational workload The application codes GAMESS, OOCORE, and RF-CTH were used to represent the contributions to the workload in the areas of computational chemistry and materials science (CCM), computational electromagnetics and acoustics (CEA), and computational structural mechanics (CSM), respectively. This paper will compare the performance of the application test cases GAMESS standard/large, OOCORE standard/large, and RF-CTH standard/large on major HPCMP high performance computing (HPC) architectures. C1 USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Bennett, PM (reprint author), USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 344 EP 348 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600054 ER PT B AU Cable, SB Oppe, TC Ward, WA Gordnier, RE Burnley, VS Grismer, MJ Campbell, RL Burning, PG AF Cable, SB Oppe, TC Ward, WA Gordnier, RE Burnley, VS Grismer, MJ Campbell, RL Burning, PG GP IEEE Comp Soc TI CFD-based HPCMP systems assessment using AERO, AVUS, and OVERFLOW-2 SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC ID STOKES AB Each year the High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) obtains new supercomputing hardware through a rigorous acquisition process known as technology insertion (TI). TI is based primarily on application benchmarks. Its suite of applications spans many disciplines and is carefully constructed to ensure that it accurately reflects the HPCMP workload. For the most recent TI, (TI-05), the application codes AERO, AVUS, and OVERFLOW2 were used to represent the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) portion of the work-load. This paper will compare the performance of the major HPCMP architectures in executing each of the following CFD application test cases found within the TI-05 benchmarking suite: AERO standard, AVUS standard/large, and OVERFLOW 2 standard/large. C1 USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Cable, SB (reprint author), USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 349 EP 355 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600055 ER PT B AU Leach, CL Oppe, TC Ward, WA Campbell, RL AF Leach, CL Oppe, TC Ward, WA Campbell, RL GP IEEE Comp Soc TI CWO-based HPCMP systems assessment using HYCOM and WRF SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB Each year the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) acquires new supercomputing hardware through a rigorous HPC hardware acquisition process that is based primarily on applications benchmarking. The corresponding suite of applications spans many disciplines and is carefully constructed to accurately reflect typical workloads on HPCMP platforms. For the most recent HPC acquisition process (called TI-05 for technology insertion for fiscal year 2005), HYCOM and WRF were used to represent the computational weather and ocean modeling (CWO) portion of the workload. This paper will compare selected HPCMP platforms in terms of performance for each of three CWO application test cases (the standard and large test cases for HYCOM, and the standard test case for WRF) within the TI-05 benchmarking suite. C1 USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, ERDC, Computat Sci & Engn Grp, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Leach, CL (reprint author), USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, ERDC, Computat Sci & Engn Grp, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 356 EP 359 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600056 ER PT B AU Petit, G AF Petit, G GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Experiences in porting ASC batch engine to ARL SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB Due to a High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) requirement, all high performance computing (HPC) acquisitions at US Arm v Research Laboratory (ARL) beginning in fiscal year 2004 are configured with the LSF batch system software. Since Grid Engine has been the batch system software used on ARL Major Shared Resource Center (MSRC) systems since its inception, this is a major adjustment for a large part of our user base. In order to mitigate the difficulty to our users in migrating to this new environment, research was conducted to find and determine the level of effort in modifying existing GUI-based batch script generator tools for use as an LSF script generator at ARL. Two packages were found that could be modified for this purpose; the existing ARL Grid Engine Script Tool (GEST) and ASC Batch Engine. An analysis of the two packages led to a determination that Batch Engine was a better overall choice for use as the ARL LSF Script Generator tool. This paper will present the basis of the analysis that led to this decision and the modifications to the existing Batch Engine software that were required to port Batch Engine to the ARL environment. The availability of this tool is seen as an important enabler of HPC access for the Department of Defense (DoD) Scientific and Engineering community and we hope to foster its use at the ARL MSRC and at other sites that can benefit from it's availability. C1 USA, Res Lab, Raychem Corp, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Petit, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Raychem Corp, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 360 EP 364 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600057 ER PT B AU Campbell, RL Ward, WA AF Campbell, RL Ward, WA GP IEEE Comp Soc TI HPCMP guide to the best program architectures based on application results for TI-05 SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB Since time-to-solution and processor scalability of an application can vary greatly from one architecture to another, it is important to consider the suitability of architectures with respect to target applications in order to make efficient use of available resources. Given that the full set of possible applications is quite large this paper focuses only on codes found within the applications portion of the HPCMP 2005 Technology Insertion (TI-05) Benchmarking Suite. Member codes include AERO, AVUS, GAMESS, HYCOM, OOCORE, OVERFLOW2, RF-CTH2, and WRF. Parallel performance-per-processor for major HPCMP architectures is analyzed for each code in order to provide general selection guidance to users and a unique perspective for code developers. C1 USA, Res Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Campbell, RL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 365 EP 372 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600058 ER PT B AU Bennett, PM Oppe, TC Ward, WA AF Bennett, PM Oppe, TC Ward, WA GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Load test: Benchmarking throughput SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB Acquisition of the best high performance computers (HPCs) for the High Performance Computing Modernization Program's (HPCMP) annual technology insertion (TI) cycle is guided by estimating the performance of the new machines based upon the computational technical areas (CTAs) for which they will be used. For each CTA, one or more codes are used to estimate the aggregate load across all HPC systems in the HPCMP. The primary aim is to purchase equipment that is best suited for each of the CTAs. To this end, each code is benchmarked on every major system in the HPCMP using standard and large test cases that represent the anticipated computational load. The scalability and efficiency of the equipment are determined and help to guide the prospective purchases. The overall goal of each shared resource center is to provide quality service while executing as many HPC tasks as possible. The job mix varies from small jobs requiring, at most, one node and short execution times, to large jobs requiring significant portions of entire systems, including large amounts of memory, dedicated to their execution. Therefore, the load test was devised to benchmark the throughput of existing and proposed HPC systems using a mix of jobs that represents the anticipated usage by the CTAs. This paper will present a brief description of the load test, including the job mix by CTA and the representative codes of each. The number of times each job is executed at each processor count will be described. Data front a run of the load test conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shared Resource Center will be used to demonstrate the benchmark. C1 USACE ERDC, Computat Sci & Engn Grp, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Bennett, PM (reprint author), USACE ERDC, Computat Sci & Engn Grp, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 373 EP 380 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600059 ER PT B AU Adams, P AF Adams, P GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Performance comparisons of visualization architectures SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC DE scientific visualization; cluster visualization; scalable rendering; cluster rendering; parallel rendering; tiled displays AB Large data visualization problems generally demand higher resolutions than are available on typical desktop displays. An isosurface from a multiterabyte data set may consist of several million polygons. A common 1600 x 1200 display (1.92 million pixels) could at most display every polygon as a single pixel. This is insufficient resolution for examining the detail of the isosurface. Commodity hardware components provide one approach for handling large data visualization problems. For example, the PC gaming industry has exponentially increased the processing power of graphics cards to the point where they now are used in graphics supercomputers, such as the SGI Onyx4 and Prism. Commodity-based visualization clusters are becoming popular in the visualization community because of the high performance-to-cost ratio. Prior to the visualization cluster, graphics supercomputers, such as SGI's Onyx systems, were needed for high-resolution, multimonitor capability. The Scientific Visualization Center (SVC) at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shared Resource Center has purchased a visualization cluster to explore the limits of this trend with respect to large, computational data sets. Results from central processing unit and graphics benchmarking between the Graphstream visualization cluster, an SGI Onyx340, and an SGI Prism will be presented. C1 USACE ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Adams, P (reprint author), USACE ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 388 EP 393 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600061 ER PT B AU Thompson, S Bording, RC Petit, G Arefin, M AF Thompson, S Bording, RC Petit, G Arefin, M GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Preliminary results of a scalability study on the ARL MSRC's large-scale clusters SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB Within the past few months a 2048 processor Linux Networx (LNX1) Xeon Linux cluster and a 2304 processor IBM Opteron cluster were installed at the Army Research Laboratory Major Shared Resource Center (ARL MSRC) to augment the center's current unclassified and classified scientific application processing capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the scalablity performance of these systems on a suite of vendor applications currently receiving significant utilization on the ARL MSRC platforms. The following application codes were used: GAMESS, COBALT, OVERFLOW2, ALE3D, and GASP. Each code was benchmarked using 256, 512, 768 processors, etc. until it no longer scaled. C1 USA, Res Lab, Raytheon Co, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Thompson, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Raytheon Co, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 408 EP 412 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600064 ER PT B AU Tracy, FT AF Tracy, FT GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Role of algorithms in understanding performance of the TI-05 benchmark suite SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB This paper first describes some of the various types of algorithms encountered in scientific and engineering computations. Examples include (1) deterministic versus probabilistic applications, (2) modeling media that range from continuum to particles to molecules to atoms to electrons to quarks, (3) solving a differential equation (DE), (4) interpolation versus least-squares approximations, (5) optimization problems, (6) search algorithms, (7) integer problems, and (8) general-purpose algorithms such as the Fast Fourier Transform and a linear solver. Because most of the Technology Insertion 2005 (TI-05) benchmark applications solve a DE, the paper then explains the algorithmic consequences of each type of DE (ordinary and elliptic, hyperbolic, and parabolic partial DE) and then relates this information to specific Department of Defense applications, most of which are in the TI-05 application benchmark suite (TI05ABS). Various types of grids are then described, as most of the programs in the TI05ABS are grid-based. These grids are then related to the TI105ABS programs with accompanying descriptions of the resulting algorithmic complexities. Finally, a major aspect of algorithm complexity is the use of linear solvers. This paper presents a detailed analysis of each TI05ABS application regarding its characteristics with specific focus on linear solvers. C1 USACE ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Tracy, FT (reprint author), USACE ERDC, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 420 EP 426 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600066 ER PT B AU Iyer, RG Gulledge, T AF Iyer, RG Gulledge, T BE Bouras, A Gurumoorthy, B Sudarsan, R TI Product lifecycle management for the US army weapon systems acquisition SO PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT: EMERGING SOLUTIONS AND CHALLENGES FOR GLOBAL NETWORKED ENTERPRISE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Product Life Cycle Management CY JUL 11-13, 2005 CL Lumiere Univ, Lyon, FRANCE HO Lumiere Univ DE product data management; collaborative environment; logistics support; legacy data; product lifecycle management; interoperability; federation AB The business reasons for adopting Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) within an enterprise have been well documented for private industry such as automobile, aerospace and consumer products. However, few realize that the United States Army holds one of the largest volumes of product data for its fleet of combat vehicles. This paper discusses the challenges encountered in managing such large volumes of product data that is geographically distributed between government agencies and private industry contractors. The paper will also discuss issues that are unique to the Army and not generally encountered in private industry. Finally, the paper will outline the Army's PLM strategy and architectures for data management throughout the lifecycle. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. EM raj.iyer@us.army.mil; gulledge@gmu.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BUILDING, 110 AVE LOUIS CASAI, CH 1215 15 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND BN 0-907776-18-3 PY 2005 BP 553 EP 564 PG 12 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA BCY25 UT WOS:000231849600050 ER PT J AU Wynn, GH Cozza, KL Zapor, MJ Wortmann, GW Armstrong, SC AF Wynn, GH Cozza, KL Zapor, MJ Wortmann, GW Armstrong, SC TI Antiretrovirals, part III: Antiretrovirals and drugs of abuse SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; N-DEMETHYLATION; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASES; PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTIONS; GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE; CYTOCHROME-P450 3A4; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; COCAINE METABOLISM; OPIATE WITHDRAWAL; CLINICAL REALITY AB The third in a series reviewing the HIV/AIDS antiretroviral drugs, this report summarizes the interactions between antiretrovirals and common drugs of abuse. In an overview format for primary care physicians and psychiatrists, the metabolism and drug interactions in the context of antiretroviral therapy are presented for the following drugs of abuse: alcohol, benzodiazepines, cocaine, GHB (liquid X), ketamine (special K), LSD (acid), MDMA (Ecstasy), opiates, PCP (angel dust), and THC (marijuana). C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Tual Forest Grove Hosp, Ctr Geriatr Psychiat, Forest Grove, OR USA. RP Cozza, KL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Ward 63,6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM kelly.cozza@na.amedd.army.mil RI Wynn, Gary/B-3618-2011 NR 72 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 46 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.46.1.79 PG 9 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 885JO UT WOS:000226153100014 PM 15765827 ER PT J AU Sharma, SK Husain, M Kumar, R Samuelson, LA Kumar, J Watterson, AC Parmar, VS AF Sharma, SK Husain, M Kumar, R Samuelson, LA Kumar, J Watterson, AC Parmar, VS TI Biocatalytic routes toward pharmaceutically important precursors and novel polymeric systems SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of 24th International Symposium on Chemistry of Natural Products/4th International Congress on Biodiversity CY JAN 26-31, 2004 CL Delhi, INDIA ID BIOLOGICAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PROTECTING GROUP TECHNIQUES; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; ENANTIOSELECTIVE DEACETYLATION; ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; REGIOSELECTIVE ACYLATION; CHEMOENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS; ALPHA-HALOAMIDES; HIGHLY EFFICIENT; ALKYL KETONES AB The synthetic potential of enzymes related to organic synthesis has been applied profusely, especially since the introduction of their use in organic solvents. Enzymes offer the opportunity to carry out highly chemo-, regio-, and enantioselective transformations. The use of enzymes in the synthetic sequence provides unique advantages of efficiency and environmental friendliness. Owing to their low cost and applicability to a broad range of substrates, lipases have become the most versatile class of biocatalysts in organic synthesis. We have screened a battery of lipases to carry out highly selective reactions for the synthesis of a wide range of organic compounds and polymeric materials. C1 Univ Delhi, Dept Chem, Bioorgan Lab, Delhi 110007, India. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, INSET, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sharma, SK (reprint author), Univ Delhi, Dept Chem, Bioorgan Lab, Delhi 110007, India. NR 75 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 77 IS 1 BP 209 EP 226 DI 10.1351/pac200577010209 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 900RS UT WOS:000227232600022 ER PT J AU Mosurkal, R Kumar, R Bruno, FF Nagarajan, R Samuelson, L Kumar, J AF Mosurkal, R Kumar, R Bruno, FF Nagarajan, R Samuelson, L Kumar, J TI Biocatalytic synthesis of novel electronic and photovoltaic materials SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of 24th International Symposium on Chemistry of Natural Products/4th International Congress on Biodiversity CY JAN 26-31, 2004 CL Delhi, INDIA ID ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; CONDUCTING POLYANILINE; COMPLEX; POLYMER AB A new class of ruthenium complex-based macrodye and a dinuclear complex were synthesized via a biocatalytic route employing hematin as an efficient biocatalyst. The photovoltaic overall efficiency of the dinuclear complex was found to be 2.1 % and higher than the polymeric complex (0.33 %). Furthermore, we have developed an environmentally benign methodology for the synthesis of novel pegylated polyphenolics. The reaction conditions used do not require any organic solvents, and all the reactions were performed in aqueous media. The synthesized polymers were soluble in both organic and aqueous media, and provide further opportunity to tailor the properties. Finally, a novel biomimetic method for the synthesis of a conducting molecular complex Of POIYPYITOle and of thiophene substitute in the presence of a polyelectrolyte, such as polystyrene sulfonate (SPS), is presented. A synthetic enzyme based on hematin was used to catalyze the polymerization of pyrrole (PYR) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in the presence of SPS. Copolymers of EDOT and PYR have also been synthesized, and these novel materials have been shown to exhibit high electrical conductivity. C1 USA, Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, RDECOM, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), USA, Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, RDECOM, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RI MOSURKAL, RAVI/P-6981-2015 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 77 IS 1 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1351/pac200577010263 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 900RS UT WOS:000227232600027 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Quantum cryptographic entangling probe implementation SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation III CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE quantum cryptography; quantum key distribution; quantum circuit; CNOT gate; entanglement; quantum computer; BB84 protocol ID KEY DISTRIBUTION AB For a general entangling probe attacking the BB84 protocol in quantum key distribution, I show that the simplest quantum circuit representing the optimal entangling probe, and yielding the maximum information gain on the pre- privacy-amplified key, consists of a single CNOT gate in which the control qubit consists of two polarization-basis states of the signal, the target qubit consists of two probe-photon polarization basis states, and the initial state of the probe is set by the error rate induced by the probe. A method is determined for measuring the appropriate correlated state of the probe. Finally, a possible implementation of the entangling probe is described. The device is a simple special-purpose quantum computer for use in quantum cryptography. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM hbrandt@arl.army.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5800-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5815 BP 150 EP 158 DI 10.1117/12.602141 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCW49 UT WOS:000231558600016 ER PT S AU Wraback, M Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Rudin, S Shen, H AF Wraback, M Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Rudin, S Shen, H BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Fundamental studies of nanoscale phenomena in ultraviolet photonic materials and devices SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II CY JAN 23-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE femtosecond; luminescence downconversion; electroabsorption; GaN; AlGaN; carrier localization; carrier lifetime; compositional fluctuations; radiative efficiency; nonradiative recombination; transient electron velocity overshoot; negative differential resistance; band nonparabolicity ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; TRANSIENT ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; GAN AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; WELL LASER-DIODES; CARRIER DYNAMICS; NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTORS; VELOCITY OVERSHOOT AB Femtosecond time-resolved and continuous wave optical techniques have been used to study fundamental nanoscale materials issues in III-nitride semiconductors relevant to the realization of high quality ultraviolet light emitters and photodetectors. It is demonstrated that compositional fluctuations in AlGaN active regions grown by plasma-assisted MBE can be employed to create nanoscale spatial localization that enhances the luminescence efficiency and PL lifetime (300-400 ps) despite high defect density (> 10(10)cm(-2)) by inhibiting movement of carriers to nonradiative sites. Significant enhancement of this phenomenon has been obtained in a DH LED structure grown on a lower defect density (mid-10(9)cm(-2)) AlGaN template, with PL lifetime increased by nearly a factor of two, corresponding, to a defect density in the mid-range, and only a 3.3 times drop in PL intensity when the temperature is raised from 12 K to room temperature, suggesting up to similar to 30 % internal quantum efficiency. Femtosecond, time-resolved electroabsorption measurements of nanoscale high field transport in an AlGaN/GaN heterojunction p-i-n diode show an onset of velocity overshoot at an electric field of similar to 105 kV/cm for transport in the c-direction of wurzite GaN. Theoretical Monte Carlo calculations employing a full band structure indicate that at fields below similar to 300 kV/cm this velocity overshoot is associated primarily with band nonparabolicity in the Gamma valley related to a negative electron effective mass. In addition, these calculations show that similar behavior is not expected for transport in the basal plane until much higher fields are attained, with important implications for the design of high power, high frequency electronics and avalanche photodetectors. C1 AMSRL SE EM, Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), AMSRL SE EM, Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5706-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5732 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1117/12.588010 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BCF41 UT WOS:000229036500022 ER PT J AU Yeomans, MR Durlach, PJ Tinley, EM AF Yeomans, MR Durlach, PJ Tinley, EM TI Flavour liking and preference conditioned by caffeine in humans SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION B-COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NO EVIDENCE; EXTINCTION; ASSOCIATIONS; DEPRIVATION; CONSUMERS; LUNCH; MOOD AB When caffeine consumers repeatedly experience a novel flavoured drink containing caffeine, the rated pleasantness of the drink flavour increases progressively. These results could he interpreted in terms of the flavour acting as a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus (CS) predicting the consequences of caffeine ingestion. However, all studies of this phenomenon to date have used between-subjects designs, and one criticism of this is that changes in pleasantness might have arisen from nonspecific effects. A more rigorous test is to examine changes in pleasantness for two drinks, a CS+ flavour paired with caffeine and CS- paired with placebo. Accordingly, 20 moderate caffeine consumers consumed both CS+ and CS- drinks in counterbalanced order over eight conditioning trials at breakfast, with hedonic and sensory characteristics evaluated on each trial. As predicted, the rated pleasantness of the CS+ drink increased whereas pleasantness of the CS- drink did not change. Despite this, participants did not have an overall preference for the CS+ flavour posttraining. However, both those who chose the CS+ and those who chose the CS- at the end showed the same direction and rate of change in pleasantness for the two drinks during training, but Spurious differences in baseline preference obscured this effect in terms of an overall change in preference. Overall these data Suggest that changes in pleasantness of drinks paired with caffeine delivery are best explained in terms of Pavlovian associations between drink flavour and the postingestive effects of caffeine. C1 Univ Sussex, Sch Life Sci, Dept Psychol, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. USA, Res Inst, Orlando, FL USA. RP Yeomans, MR (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Sch Life Sci, Dept Psychol, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. EM martin@sussex.ac.uk RI Yeomans, Martin/A-5291-2012; OI Yeomans, Martin/0000-0003-1436-1483 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0272-4995 J9 Q J EXP PSYCHOL-B JI Q. J. Exp. Psychol. Sect. B-Comp. Physiol. Psychol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1080/02724990444000041 PG 12 WC Psychology, Biological; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Physiology GA 891MI UT WOS:000226584800004 PM 15844377 ER PT B AU Dziedzic, MJ Kishinchand, S AF Dziedzic, Michael J. Kishinchand, Sasha BE Covey, J Dziedzic, MJ Hawley, LR TI The Historical Context of Conflict in Kosovo SO QUEST FOR VIABLE PEACE: INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION AND STRATEGIES FOR CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dziedzic, Michael J.] US Inst Peace, Res & Studies Program, Washington, DC USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF, Natl Def Univ, Inst Natl Strateg Studies, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] Pentagon, Arlington, VA USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kishinchand, Sasha] USAID, Monitoring & Evaluat Program, Washington, DC USA. [Kishinchand, Sasha] Assoc US Army, CSIS AUSA Project Postconflict Reconstruct, Arlington, VA USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF, Peace Operat Team, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] UNMIK, Pristina, Kosova, Serbia. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] UNMIKs Stand Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosova, Serbia. RP Dziedzic, MJ (reprint author), Int Inst Strateg Studies, London, England. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-67-1 PY 2005 BP 23 EP 36 PG 14 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BWA86 UT WOS:000293324600002 ER PT S AU Kirose, G Khatri, H AF Kirose, G Khatri, H BE Trebits, RN Kurtz, JL TI Minimization of total cost of deploying unattended ground sensors SO Radar Sensor Technology 1X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology IX CY MAR 31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE tracking ground targets; unattended ground sensors; sensor location AB We present a procedure wherein unattended ground sensors (UGSs) that are not equipped with GPS can locate their own positions by transmitting pulses and receiving retransmitted pulses from UGSs that are equipped with GPS. The payoff of this approach is reduced cost for the network of UGSs. We show through simulation that the implementation of this procedure locates the sensors that do not have GPS with sufficient accuracy for the network of UGS to detect and locate moving targets. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kirose, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5773-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5788 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1117/12.604364 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR79 UT WOS:000230961200014 ER PT S AU Innocenti, R AF Innocenti, R BE Trebits, RN Kurtz, JL TI RF sensor solutions for small, lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles SO Radar Sensor Technology 1X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology IX CY MAR 31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB A need exists for greater situational awareness at the lower echelons of the Army. Radio Frequency (RF) sensors on small, lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) could provide lower echelon commanders with all-weather reconnaissance, early warning, and target acquisition; however, the designs of these RF sensors are limited by the projected size and weight restrictions on the payload for a class 11 UAV. Consequently, these designs may favor combining simple RF sensor hardware with digital-signal processing (DSP) solutions over more sophisticated radar hardware. In this paper, we show the potential of simple, low cost RF sensors with hemispherical antenna coverage to overcome these limitations. The proposed RF sensor system uses DSP and pre-defined UAV flight patterns to detect and track moving targets from range and Doppler information. Our objective is to conceive and model a suite of software options that, by combining UAV flight patterns and processing algorithms, will be able to detect and track moving targets. In order to accomplish this, we are building a simulation that uses sensor models, target models, and battlefield dynamics to predict the targeting capabilities of the RF sensor system. We will use this simulation (1) to determine the tradeoffs between sensor complexity (and cost) and the military significance of the information gathered, and (2) to describe sensor error budgets for endgame lethality models. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Innocenti, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5773-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5788 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.615272 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR79 UT WOS:000230961200016 ER PT S AU Zavada, JM Nyein, EE Hommerich, U Li, J Lin, JY Jiang, HX Chow, P Dong, JW AF Zavada, JM Nyein, EE Hommerich, U Li, J Lin, JY Jiang, HX Chow, P Dong, JW BE Gregorkiewicz, T Fujiwara, Y Lipson, M Zavada, JM TI Visible and infrared emission from Er-doped III-N light emitting diodes SO Rare-Earth Doping for Optoelectronic Applications SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rare-Earth Doping for Optoelectronic Applications held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USA Res Off ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PERFORMANCE; NITRIDE; GAN; SI AB We report on the visible and infrared emission characteristics of Er-doped III-N light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Quantum well-like device structures were grown through a combination of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on c-plane sapphire substrates. The dual stage growth process was used to take advantage of the high quality of AlGaN layers produced by MOCVD and in situ doping of Er during MBE growth. The multilayer structures were processed into devices and LEDs with different sizes and geometric shapes were produced. Electroluminescence (EL) was observed under either forward or reverse bias conditions. Visible-and infrared spectra displayed narrow emission lines representative of the Er3+ system. The temperature dependence of the spectra, which were measured from 100K to 300K, showed a stability in the visible emission intensity but a sharp decrease in the infrared intensity at room temperature. Based on light output vs current measurements, estimates of the excitation cross-section were obtained for visible EL emission. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zavada, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-819-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 866 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BDB97 UT WOS:000232487200007 ER PT S AU Zunino, JL Skelton, D AF Zunino, JL Skelton, D BE Tanner, DM Ramesham, R TI Department of defense need for a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) reliability assessment program SO Reliability, Packaging, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Packaging, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS IV CY JAN 24-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE micro-electromechanical systems; reliability assessment; reliability testing; safety and arming devices; IMU AB As the United States (U.S.) Army transforms into a lighter, more lethal, and more agile force, the technologies that support both legacy and emerging weapon systems must decrease in size while increasing in intelligence. Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are one such technology that the Army as well as entire DOD will heavily rely on in achieving these objectives. Current and future military applications of MEMS devices include safety and arming devices, guidance systems, sensors/detectors, inertial measurement units, tracking devices, radio frequency devices, wireless radio frequency identification (RFID), etc. Even though the reliance on MEMS devices has been increasing, there have been no studies performed to determine their reliability and failure mechanisms. Furthermore, no standardized test protocols exist for assessing reliability. Accordingly, the U.S. Army Corrosion Office at Picatinny, NJ has initiated the MEMS Reliability Assessment Program to address this issue. C1 USA, Corros Off, RDE Command, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Zunino, JL (reprint author), USA, Corros Off, RDE Command, Bldg 355, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5690-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5716 BP 122 EP 130 DI 10.1117/12.602257 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BCE35 UT WOS:000228835200018 ER PT J AU Callahan, CW AF Callahan, CW TI Bronchiectasis: Abated or aborted? SO RESPIRATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ORPHAN DISEASE; CHILDREN C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat & Pediat Pulmonol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Callahan, CW (reprint author), Pediat MCHK PE, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM charles.callahan@us.army.mil NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0025-7931 J9 RESPIRATION JI Respiration PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 BP 225 EP 226 DI 10.1159/000085359 PG 2 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 932SQ UT WOS:000229574100001 PM 15942287 ER PT S AU Mulligan, C Lee, CQ Danon, Y AF Mulligan, C Lee, CQ Danon, Y BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Characterization of magnetron sputtered coatings by pulsed eddy current techniques SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 24A and 24B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO HO Colorado Sch Mines ID METALLIC LAYERS; THIN-FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; CONDUCTIVITY; THICKNESS; FLAWS AB A method that uses induced pulsed eddy currents for characterization of thick magnetron sputtered Nb coatings on steel is presented in this paper. The objectives of this work are to develop a system for rapid quantitative nondestructive inspection of coatings as well as to determine the correlation between coating properties. Such as density and purity, and eddy current measured resistivity of coatings. A two-probe differential system having higher sensitivity and less noise than a one-probe system with 2-D scanning ability was developed. C1 US Army, Benet Labs, AMSRD AAR AEWT, Arsenal, NY 12189 USA. RP Mulligan, C (reprint author), US Army, Benet Labs, AMSRD AAR AEWT, Arsenal, NY 12189 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0245-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 760 BP 1721 EP 1728 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BCE68 UT WOS:000228893301089 ER PT S AU Palka, EJ AF Palka, EJ BE Harmon, RS TI A geographic overview of Panama: Pathway to the continents and link between the seas SO RIO CHAGRES, PANAMA: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROFILE OF A TROPICAL WATERSHED SE Water Science and Technology Library LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Scientific Symposium on Rio Chagres Panama - A Multidisciplinary Profile of a Tropical Watershed CY FEB 24-26, 2003 CL Gamboa, PANAMA DE Panama; physical geography; geomorphology; climatology; biogeography AB The Republic of Panama occupies about 77,382 km(2) and, despite its relatively small size, displays a remarkable degree of physical and cultural diversity. Part of the country's physical and biological variety can be attributed to its absolute location within the tropics. Panama's relative location, however, is equally responsible for both the physical and cultural complexity of the country. As the land bridge between the Americas and the major link between the world's two largest oceans, Panama is the crossroads of the western hemisphere. The country's position relative to the continents and oceans constitutes its most important situational advantage. This geographic analysis focuses on the physical geography of Panama, with the goal of providing an overview and larger context for the other papers of this volume. It considers the implications of its relative location and summarizes the physical geography of Panama in general terms drawing from geomorphology, climatology, and biogeography. Although the climate is tropical, Panama experiences significant climate diversity over relatively short distances. Panama also has considerable relief within its comparatively small territorial extent. Elevation differences and associated temperature and precipitation patterns produce distinct vegetative regimes and contribute further to the country's biodiversity. The country's most celebrated resource, however, is its unique location at the intersection of the western hemisphere's continents and oceans. C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Palka, EJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-092X BN 1-4020-3298-6 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL LI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 3 EP 18 PG 16 WC Forestry; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Forestry; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BDE87 UT WOS:000233165300001 ER PT J AU Maynord, ST AF Maynord, ST TI Wave height from planing and semi-planing small boats SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE boats; waves; bank erosion; navigation; environmental effects AB The increasing number of small boats has raised concerns about their effects on the environment, particularly their waves. Bank erosion is one of the foremost concerns of boat waves but disruption of habitat, resuspension of bottom sediments, and damage to aquatic plants are other areas of concern. A large programme of field measurement of boat waves was conducted oil Johnson Lake in Alaska to evaluate boats typically used on the Kenai River. The boat wave study compared wave characteristics of four boats under a variety of loadings, speeds, distances and motor powers. Over 400 tests were run on Johnson Lake with each test providing wave measurement at four locations. Two measures of waves and two types of tests were used in the study. MAXPOW was the wave height at the maximum power of the motor. MAXWAV was the maximum wave height produced by the boat which required runs at a range of speeds to determine the MAXWAV. While the MAXWAV data herein have considerable scatter in magnitude, the conditions at which MAXWAV occurs are consistent from boat to boat. To prevent generation of maximum wave heights, small boats should operate as far as possible either above or below length Froude number of 0.6, displacement Froude number of 1.3, or beam Froude number of 1.0. A general boat wave height equation was developed for the four boats based on boat speed, volume displaced by the boat and distance from the boat, and are applicable to semi-planing and planing boats based on MAXPOW and MAXWAV data. The predictive equation for V-hull boats was compared to independent data not used in the development and was found to be in agreement with the data. The predictive equation is limited to depth/boat length greater than 0.35. Published in 2005 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Maynord, ST (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM stephen.t.maynord@erdc.usace.anny.mil NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1002/rra.803 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 891OE UT WOS:000226589600001 ER PT S AU Dammann, JF AF Dammann, JF BE Carapezza, EM TI Using 3-D terrain maps to improve fixed-site surveillance SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL AB Over the past years, three-dimensional (3-D) terrain mapping technology has improved to the degree that it is now extremely useful for site surveillance applications. Resolution and accuracy in absolute (world) coordinates of 1 m or better are now available. City-size areas can be collected and high-quality maps produced in a few days at reasonable cost. Maps are already available for many sites of interest and availability will increase as costs continue to drop and more applications are developed for them. The 3-D maps are useful in all phases of site security. I show how the maps are useful for planning, where they allow easy delineation of the areas to be monitored and optimum sensor placements. I show how the maps can be used for target detection algorithms, where the portions of each sensor's field of view that fall outside the area to be monitored can be masked out to reduce false alarms. Also, since the range to the map is known for each pixel within the sensor field of view, the scale of any potential target is also known and algorithms do not have to accommodate a wide range of potential target sizes. Finally, I show how electro-optical/infrared imagery can be projected onto the 3-D map to provide context. Previous detections, target tracks, and other information can also be added to the display to enhance its value. I have worked with a map of the Adelphi site of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, projecting electro-optical and infrared imagery onto it with very encouraging results. I have also calculated sightlines for a radar considered for the roof of our main building. The tools are practical with current hardware at reasonable prices. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dammann, JF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5763-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5778 BP 926 EP 933 DI 10.1117/12.607935 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BCR48 UT WOS:000230925700096 ER PT S AU Meyer, DJ Dautrich, MS Lenahan, PM Lelis, A AF Meyer, DJ Dautrich, MS Lenahan, PM Lelis, A BE Nipoti, R Poggi, A Scorzoni, A TI Observation of deep level centers in 4H and 6H silicon carbide metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2004 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2004 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Comune Bologna, Giunta Reg Emilia Romagna, Prov Biologna, Univ Bologna, President Italian Consiglio Nazl Ric DE electron spin resonance; deep levels; trapping centers; field effect transistors ID SPIN-DEPENDENT RECOMBINATION; DIOXIDE INTERFACE AB Utilizing an very sensitive electron spin resonance (ESR) technique, spin dependent recombination (SDR) we have identified interface and near interface trapping centers in 4H and 6H SiC/SiO2 metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs). We extend our group's earlier observations on 6H devices to the more technologically important 4H system and find that several centers can play important roles in limiting the performance of SiC based MOSFETs. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Meyer, DJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 212 EES Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM djm308@psu.edu; msd153@psu.edu; pmlesm@engr.psu.edu; alelis@arl.army.mil NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-963-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 483 BP 593 EP 596 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCB85 UT WOS:000228549600139 ER PT S AU Balachandran, S Chow, TP Agarwal, A Scozzie, S Jones, KA AF Balachandran, S Chow, TP Agarwal, A Scozzie, S Jones, KA BE Nipoti, R Poggi, A Scorzoni, A TI BVCEO versus BVCBO for 4H and 6H Polytype SiC Bipolar Junction Transistors SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2004 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2004 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Comune Bologna, Giunta Reg Emilia Romagna, Prov Biologna, Univ Bologna, President Italian Consiglio Nazl Ric DE SiC; poly-type; ionization integral; impact ionization coefficient; bipolar junction transistor; breakdown ID SILICON-CARBIDE; IONIZATION; BREAKDOWN AB The letter presents a set of design curves that relate the open-base breakdown voltage BVCEO to the open emitter breakdown voltage BVCBO for 4H (0001 and 11-20 orientations) and 6H SiC NPN and PNP Bipolar Junction Transistors. We also present design curves pertaining to the variation of BVCEO with base doping and minority carrier diffusion length in the base for (0001) 4H-SiC BJTs for a 4x10(15) cm(-3) doped and 12μ m thick drift layer for both NPN and PNP BJTs. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Balachandran, S (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM balacs@rpi.edu; chowt@rpi.edu; Anant_Agarwal@cree.com NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-963-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 483 BP 893 EP 896 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCB85 UT WOS:000228549600212 ER PT S AU Krishnaswami, S Agarwal, A Capell, C Richmond, J Ryu, SH Palmour, J Balachandran, S Chow, TP Bayne, S Geil, B Jones, KA Scozzie, C AF Krishnaswami, S Agarwal, A Capell, C Richmond, J Ryu, SH Palmour, J Balachandran, S Chow, TP Bayne, S Geil, B Jones, KA Scozzie, C BE Nipoti, R Poggi, A Scorzoni, A TI 1000 V, 30 A SiC Bipolar Junction Transistors and Integrated Darlington Pairs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2004 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2004 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Comune Bologna, Giunta Reg Emilia Romagna, Prov Biologna, Univ Bologna, President Italian Consiglio Nazl Ric DE bipolar junction transistor; current gain; Darlington pair AB 1000 V Bipolar Junction Transistor and integrated Darlington pairs with high current gain have been developed in 4H-SiC. The 3.38 mm x 3.38 mm BJT devices with an active area of 3 mm x 2 mm showed a forward on-current of 30 A, which corresponds to a current density of 333 A/cm(2), at a forward voltage drop of 2 V. A common-emitter current gain of 40 was measured on these devices. A specific on-resistance of 6.0 m&OHM;-cm(2) was observed at room temperature. The on-resistance increases at higher temperatures, while the current gain decreases to 30 at 275&DEG; C. In addition, an integrated Darlington pair with an active area of 3 rum x 3 mm showed a collector current of 30 A at a forward drop of 4 V at room temperature. A current gain of 2400 was measured on these devices. A BVCEO of 1000 V was measured on both of these devices. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Krishnaswami, S (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM Sumi_Krishnaswami@cree.com NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-963-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 483 BP 901 EP 904 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCB85 UT WOS:000228549600214 ER PT B AU Cho, KC Song, YT AF Cho, KC Song, YT GP IEEE Computer Society TI Layered design of CORIBA audio/video streaming service in a distributed Java ORB middleware multimedia platform SO Sixth International Conference on Software Engineerng, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing and First AICS International Workshop on Self-Assembling Wireless Networks, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing/1st ACIS International Workshop on Self-Assembling Wireless Networks CY MAY 23-25, 2005 CL Towson Univ, Towson, MD SP Microsoft Inc, Qovia Inc, Int Assoc Comp & Informat Sci, Cent Michigan Univ HO Towson Univ ID FRAMEWORKS AB The present work practices a previously published layered middleware design architecture that can integrate a rich set of Java APIs into the OMG CORBA Audio/Video Streaming Framework. In this design, JMT, CORBA Audio/Video Streaming Service, CORBA, and JRE are functioned as a programming language domain-specific middleware, a common middleware service, a distribution middleware, and a host infrastructure middleware layers, respectively. The current work utilizes the OMG audio/video stream binding mechanism in order to provide a standardized interoperability of streams between CORBA and JMF environments. Through a generalized mapping, CORBA objects could directly manipulate JMF classes. Although the current high level layered design work is only applicable to OMG compliant Java ORBs, this design concept could be extended into other language specific ORBs by utilizing other programming language domain specific service layers, i.e., other programming language APIs. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cho, KC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2294-7 PY 2005 BP 198 EP 205 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCM88 UT WOS:000230067800031 ER PT J AU Wesensten, NJ Balkin, TJ Reichardt, RM Kautz, MA Saviolakis, GA Belenky, G AF Wesensten, NJ Balkin, TJ Reichardt, RM Kautz, MA Saviolakis, GA Belenky, G TI Daytime sleep and performance following a zolpidem and melatonin cocktail SO SLEEP LA English DT Article DE zolpidem; melatonin; memory; Psychomotor Vigilance Test; benzodiazepine receptor ID NEUROBEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE; BODY-TEMPERATURE; SERUM MELATONIN; HUMAN-MEMORY; TRIAZOLAM; HUMANS; BENZODIAZEPINES; TEMAZEPAM; SALIVA; MOOD AB Study Objectives: Pharmacologic enhancement of daytime sleep may help sustain optimal cognitive performance. At effective doses, zolpidem induces sleep but also impairs performance. Combining melatonin with low-dose zolpidem may promote daytime sleep without exacerbating performance impairments seen with high-dose zolpidem alone. Design and Methods: Following an 8-hour undisturbed nighttime sleep period, 80 subjects (50 men, 30 women) were administered oral zolpidem 0, 5, 10, or 20 mg at 10:00 am (n = 20 per group) and then oral melatonin 0 or 5 mg at 10:30 am (thus, n = 10 per drug combination) in a double-blind randomized fashion. Subjects napped from 10:00 am to 11:30 am, at which time they were awakened and cognitive tests administered (Restricted Reminding, Paired-Associates, and Psychomotor Vigilance). A second nap ensued from 12:45 pm to 4:00 pm, followed immediately by further testing. Results: Melatonin 5 mg plus zolpidem 0 mg enhanced daytime sleep (P < .05) with no memory or performance impairment (P > .05). Zolpidem 20 mg plus melatonin 0 mg also enhanced daytime sleep (albeit nonsignificantly), but memory and vigilance were impaired (P < .05). Melatonin's sleep-promoting effects were not evident until the second nap. Conclusions: No advantages to administering melatonin plus zolpidem "cocktails" were evident. Unlike zolpidem, melatonin 5 mg alone improved daytime sleep without impairing memory and vigilance. Functional coupling of sleep-inducing and memory-impairing effects may be specific to benzodiazepine-receptor agonists such as zolpidem, suggesting potential advantages to using melatonin in the operational environment. That melatonin's sleep-promoting effects were delayed for several hours presents a practical consideration that may limit melatonin's usefulness when daytime sleep periods cannot be reliably anticipated or planned in advance. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wesensten, NJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Silver Spring, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM nancy.wesensten@us.army.mil NR 31 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 93 EP 103 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 911TN UT WOS:000228028000014 PM 15700725 ER PT J AU Balkin, T Reichardt, R Wesensten, N AF Balkin, T Reichardt, R Wesensten, N TI Chronic sleep restriction and resatiation. II. Recovery of subjective alertness SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Dept Behav Biol, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 398 BP A135 EP A136 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100400 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JL Mu, Q Caldwell, JA Smith, JK Mishory, A George, MS AF Caldwell, JL Mu, Q Caldwell, JA Smith, JK Mishory, A George, MS TI The relationship between cortical activation and vulnerability to fatigue SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USA, Res Lab, Fatigue Countermeasures Branch, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Brain Stimulat Lab, Charleston, SC USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Ctr Adv Imaging Res, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 361 BP A123 EP A123 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100362 ER PT J AU Dinges, DF Maislin, G Kreuger, GP Redmond, DP Brewster, RM Ecker, AJ Carroll, RJ AF Dinges, DF Maislin, G Kreuger, GP Redmond, DP Brewster, RM Ecker, AJ Carroll, RJ TI Field study of fatigue management technologies in commercial truck drivers SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Krueger Ergonom Consultants, Vienna, VA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Amer Transportat Res Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. US Dept Transportat, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Washington, DC USA. RI Landolt, Hans Peter/H-6951-2016 OI Landolt, Hans Peter/0000-0003-0887-9403 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 1033 BP A350 EP A350 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906101540 ER PT J AU Johnson, D Kaminiori, GH McLellan, T Bell, D Cole, K Voss, D AF Johnson, D Kaminiori, GH McLellan, T Bell, D Cole, K Voss, D TI Relationship between performance on the PVT and actual field tasks during a 30 Hr field exercise in elite soldiers SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Def Res & Dev Canada Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. New Zealand Def Force, Auckland, New Zealand. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 416 BP A141 EP A141 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100418 ER PT J AU Kamimori, GH Johnson, D McLellan, T Bell, D Smith, I Belenky, G AF Kamimori, GH Johnson, D McLellan, T Bell, D Smith, I Belenky, G TI A laboratory measure that reflects performance on military tasks during a 50 hour field trial SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Def Res & Dev Canada Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 417 BP A141 EP A142 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100419 ER PT J AU Kautz, MA Russo, MB Yu, M Johnson, D Warren, K Kendall, A Sing, H AF Kautz, MA Russo, MB Yu, M Johnson, D Warren, K Kendall, A Sing, H TI Determining a stable baseline for assessing oculomotor functioning SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USA ARL, Aircrew Hlth & Performance Div, Ft Rucker, AL USA. WRAIR, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. USA, ARL N Team, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 962 BP A325 EP A326 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906101469 ER PT J AU Kendall, AP Killgore, WD Kautz, M Russo, MB AF Kendall, AP Killgore, WD Kautz, M Russo, MB TI Left-visual field deficits in attentional processing after 40 hrs of sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Aircrew Hlth & Performance Div, Ft Rucker, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 422 BP A143 EP A143 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100424 ER PT J AU Killgore, DB McBride, SA Balkin, TJ Killgore, WD AF Killgore, DB McBride, SA Balkin, TJ Killgore, WD TI Post-stimulant hangover: The effects of caffeine, modafinil, and dextroamphetamine on sustained verbal fluency following sleep deprivation and recovery sleep SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 404 BP A137 EP A137 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100406 ER PT J AU Killgore, WD Balkin, TJ Wesensten, NJ AF Killgore, WD Balkin, TJ Wesensten, NJ TI Impaired decision-making following 49 hours of sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 405 BP A138 EP A138 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100407 ER PT J AU Killgore, WD McBride, SA Killgore, DB Balkin, TJ AF Killgore, WD McBride, SA Killgore, DB Balkin, TJ TI Stimulant countermeasures and risk propensity across 2 nights of sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 401 BP A136 EP A136 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100403 ER PT J AU Lettieri, CJ Eliasson, AH Andrada, T Khramtsov, A Kristo, DA AF Lettieri, CJ Eliasson, AH Andrada, T Khramtsov, A Kristo, DA TI Does zolpidem enhance the yield of polysomnography? SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 941 BP A319 EP A319 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906101449 ER PT J AU McBride, S Balkin, TJ Killgore, WD AF McBride, S Balkin, TJ Killgore, WD TI The effects of 24 hours of sleep deprivation on odor identification accuracy SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 402 BP A137 EP A137 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100404 ER PT J AU Reichardt, RM Grugle, NL Balkin, TJ Killgore, WD AF Reichardt, RM Grugle, NL Balkin, TJ Killgore, WD TI Stimulant countermeasures, risk propensity, and IQ across 2 nights of sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 429 BP A145 EP A145 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100431 ER PT J AU Rotenberg, J DiFazio, M AF Rotenberg, J DiFazio, M TI Successful use of Botulinum Toxin A for the treatment of restless legs syndrome: A case series SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 806 BP A271 EP A271 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906101314 ER PT J AU Russo, W Thomas, M Thorne, D Sing, H Johnson, D Rowland, L Hall, S Kautz, M Krichmar, J Redmond, D AF Russo, W Thomas, M Thorne, D Sing, H Johnson, D Rowland, L Hall, S Kautz, M Krichmar, J Redmond, D TI Chronic partial sleep deprivation, driving performance, and oculomotor measures SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Henry Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. San Diego Neurosci Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 358 BP A122 EP A122 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100359 ER PT J AU Vo, A Green, J Killgore, W Sing, H Labutta, R Redmond, D AF Vo, A Green, J Killgore, W Sing, H Labutta, R Redmond, D TI The quantification of disrupted sleep in migraine via actigraphy: A Pilot Study SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Neurol Comprehens Neurosci Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 834 BP A281 EP A281 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906101342 ER PT J AU Wesensten, N Reichardt, R Balkin, T AF Wesensten, N Reichardt, R Balkin, T TI Chronic sleep restriction and resatiation. I. Recovery of psychomotor vigilance performance SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 396 BP A135 EP A135 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100398 ER PT J AU Landau, ME Maldonado, JY Jabbari, B AF Landau, ME Maldonado, JY Jabbari, B TI The effects of isolated brainstem lesions on human REM sleep SO SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE sleep; REM; brainstem; polysomnography; magnetic resonance imaging ID EYE-MOVEMENT SLEEP; LOCUS-COERULEUS; PONTINE LESIONS; NARCOLEPSY; ABSENCE AB Background: Clinical and electrophysiologic data support the role of multiple brainstem structures responsible for sleep architecture. To determine if patients with isolated brainstem lesions have detectable abnormalities of sleep architecture with polysomnography (PSG). Method: The objective of this study is to determine if patients with isolated brainstem lesions defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and without sleep complaints, underwent PSG. The data was compared to age-matched controls. Eight patients met inclusion criteria. Of the eight locations, one was midbrain, two were pontomesencephalic, four were pontine and one was pontomedullary. Results: Four of the eight patients had a decreased percentage of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. The abnormal studies occurred in patients with a right paramedian pontine infarct, a left pontomedullary cavernous hemangioma (CH), a left pontine CH, and a right pontomesencephalic CH. REM sleep, as a percentage of total bed time, was 8.7, 12.3, 14.8, and 16.7%, respectively. Conclusion: These findings concur with non-human data that depict pontine structures as the major generators of REM sleep. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Landau, ME (reprint author), 6109 Tilghman Dr, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM mark.landau@na.amedd.army.mil NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9457 J9 SLEEP MED JI Sleep Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 37 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.sleep.2004.08.007 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 899CY UT WOS:000227123700005 PM 15680293 ER PT S AU Santoni, RL Tingle, JS Nieves, M AF Santoni, RL Tingle, JS Nieves, M GP TRB TI Accelerated strength improvement of silty sand with nontraditional additives SO SOIL MECHANICS 2005 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US Dept Transportat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US Fed Transit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res & Innovat Technol Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Transportat Res Board, Transportat Dept 50 States, Puerto Rico & District Columbia AB A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two products used to accelerate strength improvement of a silty sand (SM) material stabilized with nontraditional stabilizers. SM soil samples were mixed with selected products and tested under both "wet" and dry conditions after 1- and 7-day cures. Nine nontraditional stabilizers, including lignosulfonates, polymers, silicates, and tree resins, were evaluated in this experiment. Two accelerator products, an acrylic polymer and Type I portland cement, were evaluated. Samples were also stabilized with either an asphalt emulsion or cement to provide a comparison for traditional stabilizers under the same conditions. The average unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of three replicates of each mixture was compared with the results of the remaining mixtures, the traditional stabilization results, and a series of untreated control samples. The results indicate increased UCS of samples stabilized with Silicate 1 and Polymer 3 compared with both the untreated control series and the traditional stabilization alternatives. Lignosulfonate 1; Polymers 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6; and Tree Resin 1 did not demonstrate significant increased strength over the control series for the conditions of this experiment. The UCS following the 7-day cure provided the maximum UCS of the samples evaluated in both wet and dry conditions. One accelerator, cement, in combination with a nontraditional stabilizer did show significant improvement in early strength gain when compared to the control series. C1 USA S, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Civil Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Santoni, RL (reprint author), USA S, 2450 Stanley Rd,Suite 304, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09410-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2005 IS 1936 BP 34 EP 42 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BEG14 UT WOS:000237192800005 ER PT S AU Tingle, JS Jersey, SR AF Tingle, JS Jersey, SR GP TRB TI Cyclic plate load testing of geosynthetic-reinforced unbound aggregate roads SO SOIL MECHANICS 2005 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US Dept Transportat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US Fed Transit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res & Innovat Technol Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Transportat Res Board, Transportat Dept 50 States, Puerto Rico & District Columbia AB A laboratory research program designed to investigate geotextile and geogrid reinforcement of the aggregate layer in unbound pavement sections was performed by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. The investigation's objective was to evaluate the performance of geosynthetic-reinforced aggregate road sections over a very soft subgrade. Standard construction materials were used to construct six aggregate road sections in a large steel box. Each instrumented road section was subjected to cyclic plate load tests to evaluate the performance of the model pavement sections under simulated truck traffic. The mechanistic response and permanent deformation of each instrumented pavement section were monitored periodically during each test. Analysis of the experiment data indicated that the geosynthetics improved the performance of the reinforced pavement sections compared with the onreinforced section in terms of improved load distribution and reduced permanent deformation or rutting. Additional information regarding the reinforcement mechanisms is summarized. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tingle, JS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09410-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2005 IS 1936 BP 60 EP 69 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BEG14 UT WOS:000237192800008 ER PT S AU Patev, RC AF Patev, RC GP TRB TI Development of US Army Corps of Engineers engineering guidance for the barge impact design of navigation structures SO SOIL MECHANICS 2005 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US Dept Transportat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US Fed Transit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res & Innovat Technol Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Transportat Res Board, Transportat Dept 50 States, Puerto Rico & District Columbia AB U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE) guidance, Engineering Technical Letter 1110-2-563, was developed for the design of navigation structures subject to barge impact loading. The new guidance was developed with the use of the results from full-scale experiments conducted under the Innovations for Navigation Projects Research and Development Program. An empirical impact force model was derived from the experimental data, and probabilistic procedures were developed to assist with the design and analysis of navigation structures for impact loads from transiting vessels. Uncertainties in loadings due to a wide range of events from both natural and human sources are crucial in the design of these critical structures. These uncertainties are defined in terms of the distributions for impact angles, velocities, and tow masses, as well as the need to account for loss of power and control events. The methods developed in the guidance for the design and analysis of these structures are focused on defining the return periods for the usual, unusual, and extreme loads for the navigation structures. An example of the probabilistic procedures developed in the guidance is highlighted for the design of an upper guide wall at a navigation project. C1 USA Corps Engineers, Concord, MA 01742 USA. RP Patev, RC (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, 696 Virginia Rd, Concord, MA 01742 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09410-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2005 IS 1936 BP 94 EP 99 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BEG14 UT WOS:000237192800011 ER PT S AU Lee, U Xu, K Zhang, SS Jow, TR AF Lee, U Xu, K Zhang, SS Jow, TR BE Knauth, P Masquelier, C Traversa, E Wachsman, ED TI Proriling of anode surface cycled in LiBOB-based electrolyte of Li ion batteries SO Solid State Ionics-2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA ID THERMAL-STABILITY; LITHIUM BIS(OXALATO)BORATE; GRAPHITE ANODE; INTERFACE; CARBONATE; REDUCTION; POLYMER; EC/DEC; LICOO2; LIPF6 AB As the youngest battery chemistry, Li ion technology was made possible by the formation of stable electrode/electrolyte interfaces. The correlation between the electrochemistry and the surface profile of the graphitic anode was studied in this work with a new salt lithium his (oxalate) borate (LiBOB). In an attempt to depict a dynamic picture of the formation of graphite/electrolyte interface during the initial forming cycle, we employed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with the "pre-formation" technique to establish the dependence of the surface chemistry on the forming potential of the anode. A progressive transition in the 1s electron binding energies of the major elements was observed as the lithiation proceeds; however, the surface chemical species as well as their abundances seemed to stabilize around 0.55 V and remained constant during the subsequent delithiation process, indicating that a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) exists thereafter. Integrating the information revealed by different analyses, we believe that the reductive decomposition of BOB--anion starts at ca. 1.00 V, while the effective protection of graphene surface by SEI is available after the anode is lithiated below the potential of 0.55 V. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lee, U (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-783-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 835 BP 347 EP 360 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BCG08 UT WOS:000229184100051 ER PT J AU Cheuvront, SN Carter, R DeRuisseau, KC Moffatt, RJ AF Cheuvront, SN Carter, R DeRuisseau, KC Moffatt, RJ TI Running performance differences between men and women - An update SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FEMALE MARATHON RUNNERS; FIBER TYPE DISTRIBUTION; MAXIMAL OXYGEN-UPTAKE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; VOLUNTARY STRENGTH; SEX DIFFERENCE; OUTRUN MEN; ELITE MALE; DISTANCE AB More than a decade ago it was reported in the journal Nature that the slope of improvement in the men's and women's running records, extrapolated from mean running velocity plotted against historical time, would eventually result in a performance intersection of the sexes across a variety of running distances. The first of these intersections was to occur for 42 000m before the 21st century. Most of the error in this prediction is probably explained by the linear mathematical treatment and extrapolation of limited performance data, since including world record-setting running performances for women before and after 1985 results in a non-linear data fit. The reality of early, disproportionate improvements in women's running that gave the appearance of an impending convergence with men is best explained by an historical social sports bias. Women's times have now reached a plateau similar to that observed for men at comparative performance milestones in the marathon. Sex differences at distances from 100 to 10 000m show similar trends. The remaining sex gaps in performance appear biological in origin. Success in distance running and sprinting is determined largely by aerobic capacity and muscular strength, respectively. Because men possess a larger aerobic capacity and greater muscular strength, the gap in running performances between men and women is unlikely to narrow naturally. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Cheuvront, SN (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Samuel.cheuvront@na.amedd.army.mil NR 49 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 26 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PY 2005 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1017 EP 1024 DI 10.2165/00007256-200535120-00002 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 002SS UT WOS:000234632300001 PM 16336006 ER PT S AU Bridges, T Kiker, G Cura, J Apul, D Linkov, I AF Bridges, T Kiker, G Cura, J Apul, D Linkov, I BE Levner, E Linkov, I Proth, JM TI Towards using comparative risk assessment to manage contaminated sediments SO Strategic Management of Marine Ecosystems SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Strategic Management of Marine Ecosystems CY OCT 01-11, 2003 CL Nice, FRANCE SP NATO Adv Study Inst AB Comparative risk assessment (CRA) has been used as an environmental decision making tool at a range of regulatory levels in the past two decades. Contaminated and uncontaminated sediments are currently managed using a range of approaches and technologies; however, a method for conducting a comprehensive, multidimensional assessment of the risks, costs and benefits associated with each option has yet to be developed. The development and application of CRA to sediment management problems will provide for a more comprehensive characterization and analysis of the risks posed by potential management alternatives. The need for a formal CRA framework and the potential benefits and key elements of such a framework are discussed. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Bridges, T (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-3157-2 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2005 VL 50 BP 261 EP 269 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDE70 UT WOS:000233133900014 ER PT J AU Duddu, R Dave, PR Damavarapu, R Surapaneni, R Gilardi, R AF Duddu, R Dave, PR Damavarapu, R Surapaneni, R Gilardi, R TI Hydrogenolytic denitration of polynitro compounds SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE cyclobutane; hexaazaisowurtzitane; hydrogenation; nitro compounds ID 1,3,3-TRINITROAZETIDINE AB Results of the hydrogenation of 1, 1,3,3-tetranitrocyclobutane and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane are described. C1 Geo Ctrs Inc, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Duddu, R (reprint author), Geo Ctrs Inc, ARDEC, Bldg 3028, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM rduddu@pica.army.mil NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2005 VL 35 IS 20 BP 2709 EP 2714 DI 10.1080/00397910500214425 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 980IZ UT WOS:000233013500014 ER PT S AU Melton, RE Sabol, BM Sherman, A AF Melton, RE Sabol, BM Sherman, A BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Poor man's missile tracking technology: Thermal IR detection and tracking of bats in flight SO Targets and Backgrounds XI: Characterization and Representation SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Background XI - Characterization and Representation CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE motion tracking technology; thermal IR detection; digital image processing; bats AB Thermal infrared target detection and tracking has challenging and useful applications outside of military scenarios. A digital image processing technique is described for the detection and tracking of free flying bats. Uncalibrated video-rate thermal imagery from a stationary FPA micro-bolometric IR imager is captured on 8-bit digital media. Sequential frames are differenced to remove stationary clutter, and thresholded to select pixels outside of the central distribution of differenced pixel values (both positive and negative). Moving objects then appear as pairs of pixel clusters of differing contrast polarity. For the typical case of a warm bat against a cool background, a pixel cluster exceeding the positive threshold indicates a target location in the current frame and corresponding pixel cluster below the negative threshold indicates the target's location in the previous frame. These location pairs define a motion vector that is updated every frame. Using the updated motion vector, the next position of the bat is predicted. If a similar-sized pixel cluster of the correct polarity is found at this predicted location, within a selectable error tolerance, then a track is established. This process is iterated frame-by-frame generating an output file of individual bat tracks. This process is described in detail and data are presented from an imaging survey of a bat emergence containing several thousand bats. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Melton, RE (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5796-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5811 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1117/12.603785 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU83 UT WOS:000231340600003 ER PT S AU O'Neill, K Shubitidze, F Sun, K Shamatava, I Paulsen, KD AF O'Neill, K Shubitidze, F Sun, K Shamatava, I Paulsen, KD BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI EMI obscuration of buried UXO by geophysical magnetic permeability, anthropogenic clutter, and by magnitude disparities SO Targets and Backgrounds XI: Characterization and Representation SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Background XI - Characterization and Representation CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL AB For UWB (30 Hz - 100 kHz) electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor discrimination of unexploded ordnance (UXO), we evaluate first the effects of significant magnetic permeability in the surrounding soil. Measured data and theoretical arguments suggest that ground effects can often be accounted for by using a simple halfspace analytical solution. Thus, when target responses are strong enough, free-space target signature shapes can still be used for discrimination if properly compensated. At the same time, even in artificially well-mixed, physically smoothed settings, local variations in soil permeability can be a significant source of signal clutter. Cases with multiple UXO's beneath dispersed small metallic clutter are also considered as instances in which clutter may dominate. In simulations of two comparably sized UXO's at comparable depths with a signal to clutter ratio (SCR) of similar to 20, UWB data distinguishes the two objects reliably over a ground surface measurement grid. For similar cases but with the objects at significantly different depths relative to one another, one cannot distinguish the deeper target, even with the same noise level and with UWB data. Measurements illustrate the level of EMI SCR to be expected from dispersed small metallic items collected from a firing range. For cases with a single piece of clutter and a much more massive UXO immediately below, simulations show almost complete obscuration of the UXO, in both frequency and time domains. This is not caused by signal blockage but results from different degrees of proximity to the sensor, i.e. from the consequent signal magnitude disparity. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP O'Neill, K (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5796-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5811 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1117/12.604030 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU83 UT WOS:000231340600009 ER PT J AU Keith, B Ender, M AF Keith, B Ender, M TI Search not for the core in the knowledge frontier: A reply to Schweingruber SO TEACHING SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRESTIGE; CONTEXT C1 US Mil Acad, Off Dean, MADNAAD, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Keith, B (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Off Dean, MADNAAD, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Bruce.Keith@usma.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1307 NEW YORK AVE NW #700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4712 USA SN 0092-055X J9 TEACH SOCIOL JI Teach. Sociol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 90 EP 94 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Sociology SC Education & Educational Research; Sociology GA 909NM UT WOS:000227866600010 ER PT S AU Das, NC Shen, P Simonis, G Gomes, J Olver, K AF Das, NC Shen, P Simonis, G Gomes, J Olver, K BE Murrer, RL TI Light emitting diode Arrays for HWIL sensor testing SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing X CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE surface emitting devices; IR emitters; LED array; IR scene projection ID EXTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS; SCENE PROJECTION; TECHNOLOGY; DEVICE AB We report here the light emission from IR interband-cascade (IC) Type-II-super lattice LED structures. We employed two different IC epitaxial structures for the LED experiments consisting of 9 or 18 periods of active super lattice gain regions separated by multilayer injection regions. The light output (and the voltage drop) of the LEDs is observed to increase with increase of number of IC active regions in the device. The voltage drop decreases with increase of mesa size and light emission increases with mesa sizes. We have made 8x7 2-D LED array flip-chip bonded to fan out array. The black body emissive temperature is 650 and 1050 K for LED operation at room and liquid nitrogen temperature respectively. A comparison of different IR sources for scene generation is presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Microphoton Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Das, NC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Microphoton Branch, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5770-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5785 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.602326 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BCR78 UT WOS:000230961000002 ER PT S AU Kim, HJ Cornell, MC Naumann, CB AF Kim, HJ Cornell, MC Naumann, CB BE Murrer, RL TI Current efforts on developing a HWIL synthetic environment for LADAR sensor testing at AMRDEC SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing X CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hardware-in-the-loop; LADAR; seeker; simulation; projection AB Efforts in developing a synthetic environment for testing LADAR sensors in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation are continuing at the Aviation and Missile Research, Engineering, and Development Center (AMRDEC) of the U.S. Army Research, Engineering and Development Command (RDECOM). Current activities have concentrated on developing the optical projection hardware portion of the synthetic environment. These activities range from system level design down to component level testing. Of particular interest have been schemes for generating the optical signals representing the individual pixels of the projection. Several approaches have been investigated and tested with emphasis on operating wavelength, intensity dynamic range and uniformity, and flexibility in pixel waveform generation. This paper will discuss some of the results from these current efforts at RDECOM's Advanced Simulation Center (ASC). C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Aviat & Missile RDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Opt Sci Corp, Huntsville, AL 35808 USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Aviat & Missile RDEC, AMSAM,RD,SS,HW Bldg,5400, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5770-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5785 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1117/12.606023 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BCR78 UT WOS:000230961000012 ER PT S AU LeSueur, KG Lowry, W Morris, J AF LeSueur, KG Lowry, W Morris, J BE Murrer, RL TI Development and integration of the army's Advanced Multispectral Simulation Test Acceptance Resource (AMSTAR) HWIL facilities SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing X CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE simulation; test; missile; hardware-in-the-loop; infra-red; radar; semi-active laser; simulation based acquisition AB The Advanced Multispectral Simulation Test Acceptance Resource (AMSTAR) is a suite of state-of-the-art Hardware-In-the-Loop (HWIL) simulation / test capabilities designed to meet the life-cycle testing needs of multi-spectral systems. This paper presents the major AMSTAR facility design concepts and each of the Millimeter Wave (MMW), Infrared (IR), and Semi-Active Laser (SAL) in-band scene generation and projection system designs. The emergence of Multispectral sensors in missile systems necessitates capabilities such as AMSTAR to simultaneous project MMW, IR, and SAL wave bands into a common sensor aperture. C1 USA, Test & Evaluat Command, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP LeSueur, KG (reprint author), USA, Test & Evaluat Command, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5770-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5785 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1117/12.609860 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BCR78 UT WOS:000230961000017 ER PT S AU Morris, J Beck, D AF Morris, J Beck, D BE Murrer, RL TI Implementation of real-time input/output interfaces at the AMRDEC Advanced Simulation Center's hardware-in-the-loop facilities SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing X CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE AMSTAR; hardware-in-the-loop simulation; real-time simulation; missile interface; Test Set; RAP AB Hardware in the Loop (HWIL) simulations are often spread over a large area with many hardware and software components. Open and closed loop tests necessitate a flexible test environment of allocating and ordering these components. These components may be connected in a star, a ring configuration, and/or any combinations of these two configurations, with shared memory wrappers connecting some of the software components. A Resource Allocation Program (RAP) is proposed along with a device table to allocate, organize, and document the communication protocol between the software and hardware components. Communication between software components is done through a single set of input output routines using information so that software objects may be changed with hardware objects or placed on different computers with minimal code changes. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Morris, J (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5770-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5785 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1117/12.607368 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BCR78 UT WOS:000230961000019 ER PT S AU Lyles, PV Cosby, DS Buford, JA Bunfield, DH AF Lyles, PV Cosby, DS Buford, JA Bunfield, DH BE Murrer, RL TI Real-time infra-red scene generation software for (IRSS)-R-2 hardware in the loop SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing X CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infra-red; IR; HWIL; scene generation; image projection; signal injection; real-time; electro-optic (EO); infra-red (IR); hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL); scene generation; image projection; signal; injection; real-time; commercial off the shelf (COTS); personal computer AB This paper describes the current research and development of advanced scene generation technology for integration into the I2RSS - Hardware-in-the-Loop (HWIL) facilities at the US Army AMRDEC at Redstone Arsenal, AL. A real-time dynamic infra-red (IR) scene generator has been developed in support of a high altitude scenario leveraging COTS hardware and open source software. The Multi-Spectral Mode Scene Generator (MMSG) is an extensible software architecture that is powerful yet flexible. The I2RSS scene generator has implemented dynamic signature by integrating the signature prediction codes along with Open Source Software, COTS hardware along with custom built interfaces. A modular, plug-in framework has been developed that supports rapid reconfiguration to permit the use of a variety of state data input sources, geometric model formats, and signature and material databases. The platform independent software yields a cost-effective upgrade path to integrate best-of-breed graphics and system architectures. C1 USA, AMCOM, AMSRD, ARM,SS,HW, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Lyles, PV (reprint author), USA, AMCOM, AMSRD, ARM,SS,HW, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RI Buford, John/B-4413-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5770-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5785 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1117/12.603985 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BCR78 UT WOS:000230961000021 ER PT S AU Cosby, DS Lyles, P Bunfield, D Trimble, D Rossi, T AF Cosby, DS Lyles, P Bunfield, D Trimble, D Rossi, T BE Murrer, RL TI Real-time infra-red and semi-active laser scene generation software for AMSTAR hardware in the loop SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing X CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hardware-in-the-loop; infra-red; semi-active laser; scene generation; real-time; simulation; projection AB This paper describes the current research and development of advanced scene generation technology for integration into the Advanced Multispectral Simulation Test and Acceptance Resource (AMSTAR) Hardware-in-the-Loop (HWIL) facilities at the US Army AMRDEC and US Army Redstone Technical Test Center at Redstone Arsenal, AL. A real-time multi-mode (infra-red (IR) and semi-active laser (SAL)) scene generator for a tactical sensor system has been developed leveraging COTS hardware and open source software (OSS). A modular, plug-in architecture has been developed that supports rapid reconfiguration to permit the use of a variety of state data input sources, geometric model formats, and signature and material databases. The platform-independent software yields a cost-effective upgrade path to integrate best-of-breed personal computer (PC) graphics processing unit (GPU) technology. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Cosby, DS (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5770-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5785 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1117/12.604018 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BCR78 UT WOS:000230961000024 ER PT S AU David, P DeMenthon, D AF David, P DeMenthon, D GP IEEE COMPUTER SOC TI Object recognition in high clutter images using line features SO TENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV 2005) CY OCT 17-20, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Microsoft, intel, OMRON, SIEMENS, Mitsubishi Elect, Sarnoff Corp, Point Grey Res AB We present an object recognition algorithm that uses model and image line features to locate complex objects in high clutter environments. Finding correspondences between model and image features is the main challenge in most object recognition systems. In our approach, corresponding line features are determined by a three-stage process. The first stage generates a large number of approximate pose hypotheses from correspondences of one or two lines in the model and image. Next, the pose hypotheses from the previous stage are quickly ranked by comparing local image neighborhoods to the corresponding local model neighborhoods. Fast nearest neighbor and range search algorithms are used to implement a distance measure that is unaffected by clutter and partial occlusion. The ranking of pose hypotheses is invariant to changes in image scale, orientation, and partially invariant to affine distortion. Finally, a robust pose estimation algorithm is applied for refinement and verification, starting from the few best approximate poses produced by the previous stages. Experiments on real images demonstrate robust recognition of partially occluded objects in very high clutter environments. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1550-5499 BN 0-7695-2334-X J9 IEEE I CONF COMP VIS PY 2005 BP 1581 EP 1588 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDE75 UT WOS:000233155100207 ER PT S AU Woolard, DL Luo, Y Gelmont, BL Globus, T Jensen, JO AF Woolard, DL Luo, Y Gelmont, BL Globus, T Jensen, JO BE Hwu, RJ Woolard, DL Rosker, MJ TI A bio-molecular inspired electronic architecture: Bio-based device concepts for enhanced sensing SO TERAHERTZ FOR MILITARY AND SECURITY APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz for Military and Security Applications III CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE bio-molecular; electronic architectures; terahertz frequency; biological sensing ID ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; QUANTUM DOTS; DNA; SEMICONDUCTORS; CONDUCTION; MODES; LIGHT; PROBE AB A biological(bio)-molecular inspired electronic architecture is presented that offers the potential for defining nanoscale sensor platforms with enhanced capabilities for sensing terahertz (THz) frequency bio-signatures. This architecture makes strategic use of integrated biological elements to enable communication and high-level function within densely-packed nanoelectronic systems. In particular, this architecture introduces a new paradigm for establishing hybrid Electro-THz-Optical (ETO) communication channels where the THz-frequency spectral characteristics that are uniquely associated with the embedded bio-molecules are utilized directly. Since the functionality of this architecture is built upon the spectral characteristics of bio-molecules, this immediately allows for defining new methods for enhanced sensing of THz bio-signatures. First, this integrated sensor concept greatly facilitates the collection of THz bio-signatures associated with embedded bio-molecules via interactions with the time-dependent signals propagating through the nanoelectronic circuit. Second, it leads to a new Multi-State Spectral Sensing (MS 3) approach where bio-signature information can be collected from multiple metastable state conformations. This paper will also introduce a new class of prototype devices that utilize THz-sensitive bio-molecules to achieve molecular-level sensing and functionality. Here, new simulation results are presented for a class of bio-molecular components that exhibit the prescribed type of ETO characteristics required for realizing integrated sensor platforms. Most noteworthy, this research derives THz spectral bio-signatures for organic molecules that are amenable to photo-induced metastable-state conformations and establishes an initial scientific foundation and design blueprint for an enhanced THz bio-signature sensing capability. C1 USA, Res Lab, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dwight.woolard@us.army.mil; gb7k@virginia.edu; jim.jensen@us.army.mil NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5775-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5790 BP 180 EP 194 DI 10.1117/12.601029 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BCR77 UT WOS:000230960500020 ER PT J AU Rossettos, JN Godfrey, TA AF Rossettos, JN Godfrey, TA TI Influence of slipping friction on stress concentration in blended yarns SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-THEORY; STRENGTH; BUNDLES; FIBERS; CABLES AB We report the effect of a variable frictional shear force distribution along a slipping broken fiber on the stress concentration (SCF) in blended yarns. Our micromechanical model leads to a system of second order differential equations, which we solve using a convenient eigenvector expansion approach. The results for an exponential variation of frictional shear on a slipping fiber, starting from zero at the broken end, are compared to those for a constant friction force. While the extent of the slip region increases by as much as 50% for the exponential variation compared to the constant friction case, the SCF changes only slightly, generally decreasing less than 6%. Decreases are smaller when a high elongation fiber is broken than when a low elongation fiber is broken. The hybrid effect in blended yarns, established in previous work, continues to be supported by these new results. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command Natick, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Rossettos, JN (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 75 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1177/004051750507500109 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 887UW UT WOS:000226332000009 ER PT B AU Cordaro, E Mehta, N Cheng, G Perich, A Stec, D Yang, K AF Cordaro, E Mehta, N Cheng, G Perich, A Stec, D Yang, K BE Wang, YJ Huang, PG Li, SG TI On-demand Lead Azide production SO Theory and Practice of Energetic Materials, Vol 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Autumn Seminar on Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics CY OCT 25-28, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Ordnance Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Inst Technol, China Acad Engn Phys, China N Chem Ind Corp, Xian Modern Chem Res Inst, Shaanxi Appl Phys-Chem Res Inst, Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, N Univ China, Hubei Inst Aerosp Chemotechnol DE lead azide; production; testing AB Lead Azide (LA) is a primary explosive used extensively in detonators. These detonators are used in the fuzes for a wide range of munitions. In place of traditional batch LA production, a simple on-demand manufacturing process, capable of producing the small quantities of LA required, has been developed. The on-demand process is small, and its simplicity stems from the use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment, semi-continuous processing techniques, and a computer-based control system. The small overall size allows the entire process apparatus, including explosion containment equipment, to fit on a mobile cart. This allows for either permanent installation, or roll-in/roll-out use at the loading plants. Thus LA can be produced as needed, where it's needed, without requiring storage, shipping, or dependence on other sources. The on-demand process has been successfully used to produce LA. The material was tested in accordance with safety and performance requirements, and the results were compared to traditional LA. The process described is specific to the production of LA, but the concept can easily be modified to produce other specialty energetic and non-energetic materials essential in the fabrication of a variety of munition systems. C1 USA, RDECOM, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Cordaro, E (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 7-03-016323-0 PY 2005 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Mechanics GA BDM42 UT WOS:000234269000001 ER PT B AU Patel, DL Burke, SP AF Patel, DL Burke, SP BE Wang, YJ Huang, PG Li, SG TI Unique characteristics of nitromethane explosive foam (NMXFOAM) SO Theory and Practice of Energetic Materials, Vol 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Autumn Seminar on Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics CY OCT 25-28, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Ordnance Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Inst Technol, China Acad Engn Phys, China N Chem Ind Corp, Xian Modern Chem Res Inst, Shaanxi Appl Phys-Chem Res Inst, Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, N Univ China, Hubei Inst Aerosp Chemotechnol DE nitromethane; explosive foam; characteristics AB NMXFOAM is a disposable, hand-held binary mine neutralization system, developed from two non-explosive components to replace C-4 or TNT in humanitarian demining. This paper will describe and discuss the relationships between density, performance and the physical nature of NMXFOAM given various amounts of propellant added to the main stock solution at various temperatures. The performance of partially confined foam with various concentrations of propellant was investigated using aluminum witness plates and PVC tubes. The dent on each plate was measured and correlated with NMXFOAM density at various temperatures. Measurements of detonation velocity in partially confined condition of foam, with propellant amounts varying from 10 to 82 g were investigated. Streak camera photography (cinematography) was used to study the transition from deflagration to detonation on partially confined foam. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Patel, DL (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 7-03-016323-0 PY 2005 BP 97 EP 106 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Mechanics GA BDM42 UT WOS:000234269000021 ER PT J AU Nimick, TG AF Nimick, TG TI The selection of local officials through recommendations in fifteenth-century China SO TOUNG PAO LA English DT Article AB The use of recommendations for the selection of prefects began in 1430 and reached its height in the Zhengtong reign (1435-1449). Government leaders also used recommendations to appoint county magistrates, censors, and capital officials, but prefects were the local officials most consistently appointed this way. Organizers of political cliques later used recommendations to patronize their supporters. By the late fifteenth century abuse of recommendations made many officials prefer to seek appointment through regular bureaucratic procedures. Disuse finally led to the effective end of recommendations for the appointment of prefects by the early sixteenth century. The article explores the various reasons why the procedure was adopted in the first place, and examines the many changes to which it was subjected until its eventual abandonment. C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Nimick, TG (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0082-5433 J9 TOUNG PAO JI Toung Pao PY 2005 VL 91 IS 1-3 BP 125 EP + DI 10.1163/1568532054905179 PG 59 WC Asian Studies SC Asian Studies GA 969FI UT WOS:000232218800003 ER PT J AU Williams, LR Bonner, TH Hudson, JD Williams, MG Leavy, TR Williams, CS AF Williams, LR Bonner, TH Hudson, JD Williams, MG Leavy, TR Williams, CS TI Interactive effects of environmental variability and military training on stream biota of three headwater drainages in western Louisiana SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; HISTORICAL CONTINGENCY; HABITAT STRUCTURE; PRAIRIE STREAM; UNITED-STATES; MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITIES; STABILITY; GRADIENT AB We collected fishes and macroi n vertebrates seasonally from eight headwater streams in three different drainage basins (the Red. Calcasieu, and Sabine rivers) crossing Peason Ridge Training Area in west-central Louisiana. Peason Ridge is part of the Fort Polk military training facility. We used multivariate analyses to test the effects of physical variables (i.e., current velocity, depth, and substrate), time (seasonal variability), drainage basin, and military training activities on assemblage structure. Tributaries of the Red River had the highest gradient and were predominated by shallow, swift-flowing runs with sandy substrates. Southern tributaries of the Calcasieu and Sabine rivers were of lower stream gradient and contained deep, sluggish runs and pools with large amounts of woody debris and silt. Fish assemblages were structured primarily by military training and drainage basin. Faunal differences among drainage basins probably reflect differences in stream gradient. Fish assemblages in tributaries of the Sabine River were less diverse and showed evidence of historical degradation. Macroinvertebrate assemblages also were structured primarily by military training but had a strong seasonal component related to their short life cycles and high seasonal turnover. In contrast to fishes, macroi n vertebrate assemblages were similar among drainages, Because military training was most intense in the Red River basin, its significance in these models probably represents differences in stream gradient among the basins because we found no negative effect on stream biota resulting from current training activities. Rather, historical logging and the resultant siltation coupled with isolation of populations by reservoirs are probable explanations for the changes in fish assemblages in tributaries of the Sabine River. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. USA, Environm & Nat Resources Management Div, Ft Polk, LA 71459 USA. RP Williams, LR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM williams.2323@osu.edu NR 57 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 134 IS 1 BP 192 EP 206 DI 10.1577/FT03-106.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 899PG UT WOS:000227156200017 ER PT J AU Shanks, GD Biomndo, K Guyatt, HL Snow, RW AF Shanks, GD Biomndo, K Guyatt, HL Snow, RW TI Travel as a risk factor for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the highlands of western Kenya SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; highland malaria; travel; Kenya ID AFRICA; POLICY AB In the 1980s, highland malaria returned to the tea estates of western Kenya after an absence of nearly a generation. In order to determine the importance of travel for the spread of malaria in this region, we prospectively collected blood films and travel, demographic and geographic information on well persons and outpatients on tea estates near the western rim of the Rift Valley. Risk factors for malaria asexual parasitaemia included: tribal/ethnic group, home province and home district malaria endemicity. Travel away from the Kericho tea estates within the previous two months showed an odds ratio (OR) for parasitaemia of 1.59 for well persons and 2.38 for outpatients. Sexual stages of malaria parasites (gametocytes) had an OR of 3.14 (well persons) and 2.22 (outpatients) for those who had travelled. Increased risk of malaria parasitaemia with travel was concentrated in children aged <5 years. An increase in population gametocytaemia is possibly due to increased chloroquine resistance and suppressed infections contracted outside of the tea estates. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. C1 USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. Brooke Bond Cent Hosp, Kericho, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Wellcome Trust Collavborat Programme, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. RP Shanks, GD (reprint author), USA, CHPPM, DOEM, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM george.d.shanks@us.army.mil RI Shanks, George Dennis/F-4056-2014 OI Snow, Robert/0000-0003-3725-6088; Shanks, George Dennis/0000-0001-5763-8660 FU Wellcome Trust [058992] NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 99 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.04.001 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 877ZO UT WOS:000225615000012 PM 15550264 ER PT J AU Newman, LA Reynolds, CM AF Newman, LA Reynolds, CM TI Bacteria and phytoremediation: new uses for endophytic bacteria in plants SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X NIGRA DN34 AB The use of plants and bacterial to clean up environmental pollutants has gained momentum in past years. A limitation to phytoremediation of solvents has been toxicity of the compounds to plants, and the uncertainty as to the fate of many of the compounds. In a recent study, engineered endophytes have been shown to increase plant tolerance to toluene, and to decrease the transpiration of toluene to the atmosphere. This type of work has the potential to increase the use of phytoremediation by decreasing toxicity and increasing degradation of toxins. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US Army Engineer Res Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Newman, LA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, 800 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM newman2@gwm.sc.edu NR 11 TC 87 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 6 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.11.010 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 891FC UT WOS:000226565700003 PM 15629849 ER PT S AU Damarla, TR Whipps, G AF Damarla, TR Whipps, G BE Carapezza, EM TI Multiple target tracking and classification improvement using data fusion at node level using acoustic signals SO Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications VII CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Target tracking and classification using passive acoustic signals is difficult at best as the signals are contaminated by wind noise, multi-path effects, road conditions, and are generally not deterministic. In addition, microphone characteristics, such as sensitivity, vary with the weather conditions. The problem is further compounded if there are multiple targets, especially if some are measured with higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) than the others and they share spectral information. At the U. S. Army Research Laboratory we have conducted several field experiments with a convoy of two, three, four and five vehicles traveling on different road surfaces, namely gravel, asphalt, and dirt roads. The largest convoy is comprised of two tracked vehicles and three wheeled vehicles. Two of the wheeled vehicles are heavy trucks and one is a light vehicle. We used a super-resolution direction-of-arrival estimator, specifically the minimum variance distortionless response, to compute the bearings of the targets. In order to classify the targets, we modeled the acoustic signals emanated from the targets as a set of coupled harmonics, which are related to the engine-firing rate, and subsequently used a multivariate Gaussian classifier. Independent of the classifier, we find tracking of wheeled vehicles to be intermittent as the signals from vehicles with high SNR dominate the much quieter wheeled vehicles. We used several fusion techniques to combine tracking and classification results to improve final tracking and classification estimates. We will present the improvements (or losses) made in tracking and classification of all targets. Although improvements in the estimates for tracked vehicles are not noteworthy, significant improvements are seen in the case of wheeled vehicles. We will present the fusion algorithm used. C1 USA, Res Lab, ATTN AMSRD ARL SE SA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Damarla, TR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ATTN AMSRD ARL SE SA, 2800 Powdermill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5781-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5796 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1117/12.602927 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCS71 UT WOS:000231086200003 ER PT S AU Wilson, DK Moran, ML Ketcham, SA Lacombe, J Anderson, TS Symons, NP Aldridge, DF Marlin, DH Collier, SL Ostashev, VE AF Wilson, DK Moran, ML Ketcham, SA Lacombe, J Anderson, TS Symons, NP Aldridge, DF Marlin, DH Collier, SL Ostashev, VE BE Carapezza, EM TI High-fidelity simulation capability for virtual testing of seismic and acoustic sensors SO Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications VII CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE battlespace sensors; environmental effects; sensor performance; urban acoustics ID TIME-DOMAIN SIMULATION; SOUND-PROPAGATION; FINITE-DIFFERENCE; POROUS-MEDIA; EQUATIONS AB This paper describes development and application of a high-fidelity, seismic/acoustic simulation capability for battlefield sensors. The purpose is to provide simulated sensor data so realistic that they cannot be distinguished by experts from actual field data. This emerging capability provides rapid, low-cost trade studies of unattended ground sensor network configurations, data processing and fusion strategies, and signatures emitted by prototype vehicles. There are three essential components to the modeling: (1) detailed mechanical signature models for vehicles and walkers, (2) high-resolution characterization of the subsurface and atmospheric environments, and (3) state-of-the-art seismic/acoustic models for propagating. moving vehicle signatures through realistic, complex environments. With regard to the first of these components, dynamic models of wheeled and tracked vehicles have been developed to generate ground force inputs to seismic propagation models. Vehicle models range from simple, 2D representations to highly detailed, 3D representations of entire linked-track suspension systems. Similarly detailed models of acoustic emissions from vehicle engines are under development. The propagation calculations for both the seismics and acoustics are based on finite-difference, time-domain (FDTD) methodologies capable of handling complex environmental features such as heterogeneous geologies, urban structures, surface vegetation, and dynamic atmospheric turbulence. Any number of dynamic sources and virtual sensors may be incorporated into the FDTD model. The computational demands of 3D FDTD simulation over tactical distances require massively parallel computers. Several example calculations of seismic/acoustic wave propagation through complex atmospheric and terrain environments are shown. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5781-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5796 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1117/12.603934 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCS71 UT WOS:000231086200011 ER PT S AU Ladas, A Frankel, R AF Ladas, A Frankel, R BE Carapezza, EM TI Passive multi-modal sensors for the urban environment SO Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications VII CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE sensors; UGS; fusion AB The urban environment poses a great many obstacles for the modern soldier, from complex buildings and streets to unknown or hidden combatants and non-combatants. To provide improved situational awareness and short range protection, a variety of sensors and sensor systems are under investigation and development. In order to provide timely information from small, low-cost sensor systems, ARL has been investigating the use of passive multi-modal sensors for the individual soldier. These sensors will combine several different sensing modalities, and combine the information from these sensors at the sensor level. This will improve the sensors ability to discriminate targets, reduce false alarms and minimize the amount of information required to be transmitted to the user. In addition,. passive sensors are inherently lower power and more covert than active systems. This report will detail the initial accomplishments, and present early data on several sensing modalities under investigation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ladas, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5781-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5796 BP 477 EP 486 DI 10.1117/12.609712 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCS71 UT WOS:000231086200047 ER PT S AU Nocita, SK Bales, JM AF Nocita, SK Bales, JM BE Carapezza, EM TI Disposable sensors: technical and operational challenges facing military employment SO Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications VII CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE disposable; sensor; soldier; ease-of-use; communications; network; protocols; wireless; emplacement AB Advances in technologies are providing opportunities to increase situational awareness in military operations. One application of these technologies is small disposable sensor systems that have the potential to enhance the war-fighter's lethality and survivability. Considering that the sensors must be disposable, cost constraints increase the complexity of solving the technical and operational challenges. This paper will address two areas of consideration when designing disposable sensor systems: technical and operational. Technical design considerations: Sensor communication networks are a hot area of development, with a multitude of standards and protocols to choose from. Miniaturization is providing a multitude of sensor modalities that can be considered for a disposable sensor. Decisions must be made between factors such as cost, size, and power requirements. Power management through hardware and software, coupled with more efficient batteries, is giving extended life to sensor systems. Environmental issues must be addressed in a disposable system. Operational design considerations: For systems monitored and managed directly by soldiers, one of the most important elements is the user interface, and its affect on overall system ease-of-use. System usefulness is also affected by the capability to autonomously monitor the area where sensors are deployed without a soldier present. The packaging of sensors will be affected by the current state of technology integrated into the sensors, as well as requirements for emplacement. These emplacement requirements and constraints will impact the operational effectiveness of the overall system. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Nocita, SK (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5781-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5796 BP 487 EP 494 DI 10.1117/12.610120 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCS71 UT WOS:000231086200048 ER PT S AU West, BJ AF West, BJ BE McDaniel, RR Driebe, DJ TI The tyranny of many dimensionless constants: A constraint on knowability SO Uncertainty and Surprise in Complex Systems: Questions on Working with the Unexpected SE UNDERSTANDING COMPLEX SYSTEMS-SPRINGER COMPLEXITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Uncertainty and Surprise - Questions on Working with the Unexpected and Unknowable CY APR 10-12, 2003 CL Univ Texas, McCombs Sch Business, Austin, TX SP Plexus Inst, Ilya Prigogine Ctr Studies Stat Mech & Complex Syst, Hana Fdn HO Univ Texas, McCombs Sch Business C1 US Army Res Off, Math Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP West, BJ (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Math Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-0832 BN 3-540-23773-9 J9 UND COM SYS PY 2005 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1007/10948637_8 PG 6 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Operations Research & Management Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCH37 UT WOS:000229313800008 ER PT S AU Platt, SS Rectenwald, D AF Platt, S. Stephen Rectenwald, D. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI THE APPROPRIATE METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE USE OF A FIXED-RADIUS AREA OF REVIEW OR ZONE OF ENDANGERING INFLUENCE, WHEN CONDUCTING AN AREA-OF-REVIEW ANALYSIS FOR UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL OPERATIONS SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Platt, S. Stephen; Rectenwald, D.] US EPA, Safe Drinking Water Act Branch, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Platt, S. Stephen; Rectenwald, D.] USA, Safe Drinking Water Act Branch, Environm Protect Agcy, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Platt, SS (reprint author), US EPA, Safe Drinking Water Act Branch, Philadelphia, PA USA. EM rectenwald.dave@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900007 ER PT S AU Budulas, P Luu, B Gopaul, R AF Budulas, P Luu, B Gopaul, R BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Mobile wireless network for the urban environment SO Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE mobile ad-hoc network; MANET; mobile tactical networks; urban communications AB As the Army transforms into the Future Force, particular attention must be paid to operations in Complex and Urban Terrain. Our adversaries increasingly draw us into operations in the urban environment and one can presume that this trend will continue in future battles. In order to ensure that the United States Army maintains battlefield dominance, the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is developing technology to equip our soldiers for the urban operations of the future. Sophisticated soldier borne systems will extend sensing to the individual soldier, and correspondingly, allow the soldier to establish an accurate picture of their surrounding environment utilizing information from local and remote assets. Robotic platforms will be an integral part of the future combat team. These platforms will augment the team with remote sensing modalities, task execution capabilities, and enhanced communication systems. To effectively utilize the products provided by each of these systems, collected data must be exchanged in real time to all affected entities. Therefore, the Army Research Laboratory is also developing the technology that will be required to support high bandwidth mobile communication in urban environments. This technology incorporates robotic systems that will allow connectivity in areas unreachable by traditional systems. This paper will address some of the issues of providing wireless connectivity in complex and urban terrain. It will further discuss approaches developed by the Army Research Laboratory to integrate communications capabilities into soldier and robotic systems and provide seamless connectivity between the elements of a combat team, and higher echelons. C1 USA, Res Lab, ARL, AMSRD,CI,CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Budulas, P (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ARL, AMSRD,CI,CN, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5789-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5804 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1117/12.605921 PG 10 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCS54 UT WOS:000231052500006 ER PT S AU Young, SH Scanlon, MV AF Young, SH Scanlon, MV BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Acoustic sensors on small robots for the urban environment SO Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE robot; acoustic; urban; soldier; FFW; FCS-SUGV AB As the Army transforms to the Future Force, particular attention must be paid to operations in Complex and Urban Terrain. Because our adversaries realize that we don't have battlefield dominance in the urban environment, and because population growth and migration to urban environments is still on the increase, our adversaries will continue to draw us into operations in the urban environment. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is developing technology to equip our soldiers for the urban operations of the future. Sophisticated small robotic platforms with diverse sensor suites will be an integral part of the Future Force, and must be able to collaborate not only amongst themselves but also with their manned partners. The use of acoustic sensors on robotic platforms, as shown in this paper, will greatly aid the soldiers of the future force in performing numerous types of missions including Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition (RSTA) by providing situational awareness, particularly to the dismounted soldier operating in the urban environment. The work conducted by the Army Research Laboratory, discussed in this paper will be transitioned to the FCS-Small Unattended Ground Vehicle (SUGV) program and FFW. The Army Research Laboratory is already working with these programs to ensure a feasible migration path. This paper focuses on four areas relating to acoustic sensing on robots for the urban environment as demonstrated at the DoD Horizontal Fusion Portfolio's Warriors Edge (WE) Quantum Leap II (QL II) demonstration at Ft Benning, GA in August, 2004: small (man-portable) robot detection, mule-sized robot detection, sensor fusion across multiple platforms, and soldier/robot team interaction. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,CI,CB, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Young, SH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,CI,CB, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5789-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5804 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1117/12.602406 PG 12 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCS54 UT WOS:000231052500010 ER PT S AU Wade, RL Reames, JM AF Wade, RL Reames, JM BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Collaborative engagement experiment (CEE) SO Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV); Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV); collaborative operations; Joint Architecure for Unmanned Systems (JAUS); Multiple Unified Simulations Environment (MUSE) AB Unmanned ground and air systems operating in collaboration have the potential to provide future Joint Forces a significant capability for operations in complex terrain. Ground and air collaborative engagements potentially offer force conservation, perform timely acquisition and dissemination of essential combat information, and can eliminate high value and time critical targets. These engagements can also add considerably to force survivability by reducing soldier and equipment exposure during critical operations. The Office of the Secretary of Defense, Joint Robotics Program (JRP) sponsored Collaborative Engagement Experiment (CEE) is a consolidation of separate Air Force, Army and Navy collaborative efforts to provide a Joint capability. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Material and Manufacturing Directorate, Aerospace Expeditionary Force Division, Force Protection Branch (AFRL\MLQF), The Army Aviation and Missile Research. Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) Joint Technology Center (JTC)/Systems Integration Laboratory (SIL), and the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center - San Diego (SSC San Diego) are conducting technical research and proof of principle for an envisioned operational concept for extended range, three dimensional, collaborative operations between unmanned systems, with enhanced situational awareness for lethal operations in complex terrain. This program will assess information requirements and conduct experiments to identify and resolve technical risks for collaborative engagements using Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). It will research, develop and physically integrate multiple unmanned systems and conduct live collaborative experiments. Modeling and Simulation systems will be upgraded to reflect engineering fidelity levels to greater understand technical challenges to operate as a team. This paper will provide an update of a multi-year program and will concentrate primarily on the JTC/SlL efforts. Other papers will outline in detail the Air Force and Navy portions of this effort. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Wade, RL (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5789-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5804 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1117/12.606785 PG 5 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCS54 UT WOS:000231052500014 ER PT S AU Overholt, J Skalny, M Fiorani, G Hudas, G AF Overholt, J Skalny, M Fiorani, G Hudas, G BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Robot path planning using Voronoi classifiers SO Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE Voronoi Classifiers; color maps; dynamic waypoint navigation; path planning AB This paper details the development of a minimal set of locally distributed navigation beacons that can provide new waypoints in dense obstacle fields. The 'beacons' provide direction and magnitude inputs for the robot to use for its next waypoint. The beacons are placed in such a manner that all locations within a bounded playing field can reach a goal area in a desired number of steps. This guarantee of total coverage comes only with tuning the magnitudes and directions of each beacon (as well as their position in the field). Key to this approach is the underlying 'color map.' The color map assigns a color to regions of the playing field based on whether the region terminates at the goal ('green'); leaves the playing field and doesn't return ('red'); or doesn't leave the playing field but does not terminate at the goal (within a fixed number of steps) - also know as 'stagnation' ('yellow'). Changes in the placement of the beacons and their associated parameters result in changes to the color map. A software tool has been developed to allow a user to see the instantaneous changes in the color map when changes are made to the beacons. This paper will also describe how the beacons are related to both Voronoi diagrams and nearest neighbor classifiers - thus generating the final name for the navigation beacons; Voronoi Classifiers. Future work is detailed including the development of color maps for other cost metrics (such as distance traveled, power consumed or terrain trafficability) and efforts in developing an algorithm to find the infimum solution (minimize the maximum steps, distance, etc.). C1 USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, Robot Mobil Lab, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Overholt, J (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, Robot Mobil Lab, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5789-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5804 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.1117/12.605348 PG 12 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCS54 UT WOS:000231052500027 ER PT S AU Tierney, TM Protzman, WJ Samples, B AF Tierney, TM Protzman, WJ Samples, B BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Human-robot teaming SO Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE interactions; teaming; soldier-machine; robot; scalable interface; intelligent agents; adaptive automation AB This presentation will provide program information, goals and objectives of the Technology for Human-Robot Interactions in Soldier-Robot Teaming (HRI) Army Technology Objective (ATO). The intent of this program is to develop and demonstrate an intelligent scaleable interface for mounted and dismounted control of ground and air unmanned systems. Currently in the Army there are unique interfaces developed by engineers for each unmanned system fielded. This saddles the soldier with a training burden to learn specific interface operations prior to controlling the robot. By providing a consistent look and feel across various sized controlling devices, the training burden is reduced as well as the soldier's cognitive workload. Additionally, task analysis will be performed to identify workload barriers and bottlenecks, and intelligent agents will be developed and applied to reduce and/or automate the higher workload tasks. Lastly, this program will develop adaptive automation techniques to intelligently shed or introduce tasks at the appropriate time to the soldier to maintain optimal situational awareness and maximize the performance of the soldier-robot team. C1 USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Tierney, TM (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, 6501 E 11 Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5789-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5804 BP 473 EP 484 DI 10.1117/12.607330 PG 12 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCS54 UT WOS:000231052500044 ER PT S AU Muench, P Alexander, J Aschenbeck, K Quinn, R AF Muench, P Alexander, J Aschenbeck, K Quinn, R BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Pneumatic spring for legged walker SO Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE robotics; mobility; legged locomotion AB Over the years, scientists and artists alike have imagined walking mechanisms that mimic the natural gait of humans and animals. Only recently have engineers begun to unravel the mystery of animal locomotion. Several walking robots have been built in the past few years [1]. An ongoing research problem with these robots is their inefficiency. Whereas animal locomotion is quite efficient, our efforts to mimic it have not been, with a few notable exceptions [2]. In this paper, we present a design for efficient legged locomotion, and we show the initial concept demonstration. C1 USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Muench, P (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, 6501 E 11 Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5789-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5804 BP 637 EP 644 DI 10.1117/12.603746 PG 8 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCS54 UT WOS:000231052500062 ER PT S AU Schoenherr, E Smuda, B AF Schoenherr, E Smuda, B BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Under-vehicle autonomous inspection through undercarriage signatures SO Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE autonomous navigation; IED (improvised explosive device); inspection; standoff; UXO (unexploded ordinance); 3D machine vision AB Increased threats to gate security have caused recent need for improved vehicle inspection methods at security checkpoints in various fields of defense and security. A fast, reliable system of under - vehicle inspection that detects possibly harmful or unwanted materials hidden on vehicle undercarriages and notifies the user of the presence of these materials while allowing the user a safe standoff distance from the inspection site is desirable. An autonomous under-vehicle inspection system would provide for this. The proposed system would function as follows: A low-clearance tele-operated robotic platform would be equipped with sonar/laser range finding sensors as well as a video camera. As a vehicle to be inspected enters a checkpoint, the robot would autonomously navigate under the vehicle, using algorithms to detect tire locations for weigh points. During this navigation, data would be collected from the sonar / laser range finding hardware. This range data would be used to compile an impression of the vehicle undercarriage. Once this impression is complete, the system would compare it to a database of pre-scanned undercarriage impressions. Based on vehicle makes and models, any variance between the undercarriage being inspected and the impression compared against in the database would be marked as potentially threatening. If such variances exist, the robot would navigate to these locations and place the video camera in such a manner that the location in question can be viewed from a standoff position through a TV monitor. At this time, manual control of the robot navigation and camera control can be taken to imply further, more detailed inspection of the area / materials in question. After-market vehicle modifications would provide some difficulty, yet with enough pre-screening of such modifications, the system should still prove accurate. Also, impression scans that are taken in the field can be stored and tagged with a vehicle's license plate number, and future inspections of that vehicle can be compared to already screened and cleared impressions of the same vehicle in order to search for variance. C1 USA, TACOM, AMSRD TAR R, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Schoenherr, E (reprint author), USA, TACOM, AMSRD TAR R, 6501 E 11 Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5789-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5804 BP 645 EP 654 DI 10.1117/12.603794 PG 10 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCS54 UT WOS:000231052500063 ER PT B AU Bridges, TS Berry, WJ Della Sala, S Dorn, PB Ells, SJ Gries, TH Ireland, DS Maher, EM Menzie, CA Porebski, LM Stronkhorst, J AF Bridges, TS Berry, WJ Della Sala, S Dorn, PB Ells, SJ Gries, TH Ireland, DS Maher, EM Menzie, CA Porebski, LM Stronkhorst, J BE Wenning, RJ Batley, GE Ingersoll, CG Moore, DW TI A framework for assessing and managing risks from contaminated sediments SO USE OF SEDIMENT: QUALITY GUIDELINES AND RELATED TOOLS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pellston Workshop on Use of Sediment Quality Guidelines and Related Tools for the Assessment of Contaminated Sediments CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL Fairmont, MT SP Soc Envirnom Toxicol & Chem, Amer Chem Council, Amer Petr Inst, Autorita Portuale Venezia, CSIRO-Australia, E I duPont Nemours & Co, ENVIRON Int Corp, Environm Canada, Int Lead Zinc Res Org, Kennecott Utah Copper Corp, MEC Analyt Syst, Natl Sci Fdn, Nations Port, Port Author New York, Port Author New Jersey, Rohm & Haas Co, San Diego Unified Port District, SO Calif Coastal Water & Resource Protect Agcy, USA Corps Engineers, US Geol Survey, USN ID UNCERTAINTY C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Bridges, TS (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, USERDC-WES-ES-F, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RI BATLEY, Graeme/A-4805-2008 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-71-6 PY 2005 BP 227 EP 266 PG 40 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BCU25 UT WOS:000231244100006 ER PT B AU Engler, RM Long, ER Swartz, RC Di Toro, DM Ingersoll, CG Burgess, RM Gries, TH Berry, WJ Burton, GA O'Connor, TP Chapman, PM Field, LJ Porebski, LM AF Engler, RM Long, ER Swartz, RC Di Toro, DM Ingersoll, CG Burgess, RM Gries, TH Berry, WJ Burton, GA O'Connor, TP Chapman, PM Field, LJ Porebski, LM BE Wenning, RJ Batley, GE Ingersoll, CG Moore, DW TI Chronology of the development of sediment quality assessment methods in North America SO USE OF SEDIMENT: QUALITY GUIDELINES AND RELATED TOOLS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pellston Workshop on Use of Sediment Quality Guidelines and Related Tools for the Assessment of Contaminated Sediments CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL Fairmont, MT SP Soc Envirnom Toxicol & Chem, Amer Chem Council, Amer Petr Inst, Autorita Portuale Venezia, CSIRO-Australia, E I duPont Nemours & Co, ENVIRON Int Corp, Environm Canada, Int Lead Zinc Res Org, Kennecott Utah Copper Corp, MEC Analyt Syst, Natl Sci Fdn, Nations Port, Port Author New York, Port Author New Jersey, Rohm & Haas Co, San Diego Unified Port District, SO Calif Coastal Water & Resource Protect Agcy, USA Corps Engineers, US Geol Survey, USN ID AMPHIPOD LEPTOCHEIRUS-PLUMULOSUS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON MIXTURES; ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; TOXICITY TESTS; US ESTUARIES; CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS; HYALELLA-AZTECA C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Engler, RM (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 147 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-71-6 PY 2005 BP 311 EP 343 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BCU25 UT WOS:000231244100008 ER PT J AU Kamara, P Melendez-Guerrero, L Arroyo, M Weiss, H Jolly, P AF Kamara, Paul Melendez-Guerrero, Loyda Arroyo, Miguel Weiss, Heidi Jolly, Pauline TI Maternal plasma viral load and neutralizing/enhancing antibodies in vertical transmission of HIV: A non-randomized prospective study SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Background: We examined the association and interaction between maternal viral load and antibodies in vertical transmission of HIV in a non-randomized prospective study of 43 HIV-1 infected pregnant women who attended the San Juan City Hospital, Puerto Rico, and their 45 newborn infants. The women and infants received antiretroviral therapy. Methods: A nested PCR assay of the HIV-1 envelope V3 region and infant PBMC culture were performed to determine HIV status of the infants. Maternal and infant plasma were tested for HIV neutralization or enhancement in monocyte-derived macrophages. Results: Twelve (26.7%) infants were positive by the HIV V3 PCR assay and 3 of the 12 were also positive by culture. There was a trend of agreement between high maternal viral load and HIV transmission by multivariate analysis (OR = 2.5, CI = 0.92, p = 0.0681). Both maternal and infant plasma significantly (p = 0.001 for both) reduced HIV replication at 10(-1) dilution compared with HIV negative plasma. Infant plasma neutralized HIV (p = 0.001) at 10(-2) dilution but maternal plasma lost neutralizing effect at this dilution. At 10(-3) dilution both maternal and infant plasma increased virus replication above that obtained with HIV negative plasma but only the increase by maternal plasma was statistically significant (p = 0.005). There were good agreements in enhancing activity in plasma between mother-infant pairs, but there was no significant association between HIV enhancement by maternal plasma and vertical transmission. Conclusion: Although not statistically significant, the trend of association between maternal viral load and maternal-infant transmission of HIV supports the finding that viral load is a predictor of maternal-infant transmission. Both maternal and infant plasma neutralized HIV at low dilution and enhanced virus replication at high dilution. The antiretroviral treatments that the women received and the small sample size may have contributed to the lack of association between HIV enhancement by maternal plasma and vertical transmission. C1 [Kamara, Paul; Jolly, Pauline] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Melendez-Guerrero, Loyda] Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Med Zool, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Arroyo, Miguel] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, US Mil HIV Res Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Weiss, Heidi] Baylor Coll Med, Breast Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Jolly, P (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1665 Univ Blvd,Ryals Bldg,Room 217, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM PaulKamara@westat.com; lmelendez@rcm.upr.edu; marroyo@hivresearch.org; hweiss@breastcenter.tmc.edu; jollyp@uab.edu OI Arroyo, Miguel/0000-0001-7416-8867 FU CFAR-RCMI from the NIAID/NIH [P30-AI-2767]; National Center for Research Resources, NIH [G12RR-03051]; National Institutes of General Medical Sciences, NIH [3 S06 GM08224]; NIAID/NIH [RO1 AI 39194, 5P30 AI27767] FX This study was supported by the CFAR-RCMI supplement grant P30-AI-2767 from the NIAID/NIH, the "Research Centers in Minority Institutions" award G12RR-03051 from the National Center for Research Resources, NIH, award 3 S06 GM08224 from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences, NIH, and awards RO1 AI 39194 and 5P30 AI27767 from the NIAID/NIH. We appreciate the contribution of the nurses who followed the mothers and infants in the study and the pediatrician in charge of the ACTG clinic. We thank Gill Nieves for help in developing viral macrocultures and M. Vega and G. Hillyer for help with phenotypic and viral load analyses, respectively. HIV-1BaL from Dr. Suzanne Gartner and Dr. Mikulas Popovic was obtained through the AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PY 2005 VL 2 AR 15 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-2-15 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA V26AR UT WOS:000208519000015 PM 15730556 ER PT S AU Fischer, RA Beiner, CD AF Fischer, RA Beiner, CD BE Cunha, MDC Brebbia, CA TI Assessing the effect of hydrophilic soil amendments on riparian plant survival in and and semi-arid environments SO Water Resources Management III SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Water Resources Management CY APR 11-13, 2005 CL Algarve, PORTUGAL SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Coimbra DE riparian revegetation; plant survival; soil amendments; DriWater; Terrasorb; arid lands ID HYDROGELS AB Riparian restoration efforts in and and semi-arid regions are extremely challenging to conduct and frequently unsuccessful where irrigation is not possible, or where the water table occurs well below the root zone of newly established vegetation. Lack of irrigation or lowered water tables can preclude adequate soil moisture for riparian plants to become established, or to survive after initially becoming established. This paper describes field investigations at three sites in southern Arizona (USA) to test the efficacy of two hydrophilic soil amendments to improve survival of woody riparian plantings in the absence of irrigation. Unlike numerous studies that show the contrary, a commercially available hydrogel had no significant influence on plant survival or condition when compared with trees receiving no amendment. Conversely, a relatively new amendment called DriWater improved both survival and plant condition at two of the three study sites. This amendment shows significant promise for revegetating and areas where irrigation is not possible. However, because of potentially high cost, the use of DriWater should be considered only when traditional irrigation methods are unavailable. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Champaign, IL USA. RP Fischer, RA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Champaign, IL USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-448X BN 1-84564-007-1 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2005 VL 80 BP 667 EP 675 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCN09 UT WOS:000230111500066 ER PT J AU Pellegrino, J Wright, S Ranvill, J Amy, G AF Pellegrino, J Wright, S Ranvill, J Amy, G TI Predicting membrane flux decline from complex mixtures using flow-field flow fractionation measurements and semi-empirical theory SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Water Environment-Membrane Technology CY JUN 07-10, 2004 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IWA DE flow fractionation; fouling; membrane flux; residence time distribution AB Flow-Field Flow Fractionation (FI-FFF) is an idealization of the cross flow membrane filtration process in that, (1) the filtration flux and crossflow velocity are constant from beginning to end of the device, (2) the process is a relatively well-defined laminar-flow hydrodynamic condition, and (3) the solutes are introduced as a pulse-input that spreads due to interactions with each other and the membrane in the dilute-solution limit. We have investigated the potential for relating FI-FFF measurements to membrane fouling. An advection-dispersion transport model was used to provide 'ideal' (defined as spherical, non-interacting solutes) solute residence time distributions (RTDs) for comparison with 'real' RTDs obtained experimentally at different cross-field velocities and solution ionic strength. An RTD moment analysis based on a particle diameter probability density function was used to extract "effective" characteristic properties, rather than uniquely defined characteristics, of the standard solute mixture. A semi-empirical unsteady-state, flux decline model was developed that uses solute property parameters. Three modes of flux decline are included: (1) concentration polarization, (2) cake buildup, and (3) adsorption on/in pores, We have used this model to test the hypothesis-that an analysis of a residence time distribution using FI-FFF can describe 'effective' solute properties or indices that can be related to membrane flux decline in crossflow membrane filtration. Constant flux filtration studies included the changes of transport hydrodynamics (solvent flux to solute back diffusion (J/k) ratios), solution ionic strength, and feed water composition for filtration using a regenerated cellulose ultrafiltration membrane. Tests of the modeling hypothesis were compared with experimental results from the filtration measurements using several correction parameters based on the mean and variance of the solute RTDs. The corrections used to modify the boundary layer mass transfer coefficient and the specific resistance of cake or adsorption layers demonstrated that RTD analysis is potentially useful technique to describe colloid properties but requires improvements. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA, NORAD USNORTHCOM, Command Surg Off, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pellegrino, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM john.pellegrino@colorado.edu OI PELLEGRINO, JOHN/0000-0001-7749-5003 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 51 IS 6-7 BP 85 EP 92 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 939EH UT WOS:000230054700012 PM 16003965 ER PT J AU Sopok, S Rickard, C Dunn, S AF Sopok, S Rickard, C Dunn, S TI Thermal-chemical-mechanical gun bore erosion of an advanced artillery system part one: theories and mechanisms SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Erosive and Abrasive Wear (ICEAW 2) CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL Churchill Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Taiho Kogyo Tribol Res Fdn Japan, Tribol Grp Inst Phys HO Churchill Coll DE gun systems; bore erosion; bore coatings; bore substrates; erosion theories; erosion mechanisms AB Thermal-chemical-mechanical gun bore erosion theories and mechanisms are described for an advanced artillery system and its associated laboratory-firing simulator system. Both high and low contractile chromium electroplated-coating types are examined. These theories and mechanisms are based on bore erosion measurements and characterizations for each of the coating types used in this live fired system and its simulator. This artillery system consists of a cannon, charge, projectile, and additives. Its simulator consists of a vented combustor, charge, and additives. Gun bores typically have an erosion barrier of 0.05-0.50 mm high or low contractile chromium electroplated coating on a nickel-chromium-molybdenum-vanadium high strength gun steel substrate. Gun system firing rates, zones, coating types, and coating thickness vary. The main types of measurements and characterizations are of gun system components, firing conditions, gas-wall kinetic thresholds from simulators, during-life erosion metallography and depth, and end-of-life erosion metallography, depth and chemistry. The initial gun bore erosion theories and mechanisms consist of combustion gases traveling down very fine radial cracks in the chromium coating and degrading the substrate steel. These fine cracks result from the plating process. This thermal, diffusion, and chemical degradation weaken the coating-substrate interface. Coating platelets eventually depart forming micro-pits that grow into gun tube condemning macro-pits. These erosion theories and mechanisms are subsequently used to develop erosion models, predictions, and mitigation efforts for each of the coating types used in this advanced artillery system and its simulator. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Armament RD&E Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. Software & Engn Associates, Carson City, NV USA. RP Sopok, S (reprint author), USA, Armament RD&E Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. EM ssopok@pica.army.mil NR 10 TC 21 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JAN PY 2005 VL 258 IS 1-4 BP 659 EP 670 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2004.09.031 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 881TG UT WOS:000225891700076 ER PT J AU Sopok, S Rickard, C Dunn, S AF Sopok, S Rickard, C Dunn, S TI Thermal-chemical-mechanical gun bore erosion of an advanced artillery system part two: modeling and predictions SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Erosive and Abrasive Wear (ICEAW 2) CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL Churchill Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Taiho Kogyo Tribol Res Fdn Japan, Tribol Grp Inst Phys HO Churchill Coll DE gun systems; bore erosion; bore coatings; bore substrates; erosion models; erosion predictions AB Thermal-chemical-mechanical gun bore erosion models and predictions are described for an advanced artillery system and its associated laboratory-firing simulator system. Both high and low contractile chromium electroplated coating types are evaluated. These models and predictions are based on bore erosion theories and mechanisms developed previously by these authors for each of the coating types used in this live fired system and its simulator. These theories and mechanisms are in turn based on associated bore erosion measurements and characterizations acquired previously for this system and it simulator. This artillery system consists of a cannon, charge, projectile, and additives. Its simulator consists of a vented combustor, charge, and additives. Gun bores typically have an erosion barrier of 0.05-0.50 mm high or low contractile chromium electroplated coating on a nickel-chromium-molybdenum-vanadium high strength gun steel substrate. Gun system firing rates, zones, coating types, and coating thickness vary. Our coating-substrate gun system erosion models were developed from rocket nose-tip and nozzle erosion models. The key calculations of the model are gas and gas-wall thermochemistry, interior ballistics, boundary layer with mass addition, wall temperatures (surfaces, interfaces, micro-pits, pits), and coating-substrate wear and erosion. These erosion models and predictions are used to provide a comprehensive estimate of erosion life and to enable erosion mitigation efforts for each of the coating types used in this advanced artillery system and its simulator. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Armament RD&E Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. Software & Engn Associates, Carson City, NV USA. RP Sopok, S (reprint author), USA, Armament RD&E Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. EM ssopok@pica.army.mil NR 13 TC 9 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JAN PY 2005 VL 258 IS 1-4 BP 671 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2004.09.030 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 881TG UT WOS:000225891700077 ER PT J AU Meyer, SE Quinney, D Weaver, J AF Meyer, SE Quinney, D Weaver, J TI A life history study of the Snake River plains endemic Lepidium papilliferum (Brassicaceae) SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Lepidium papilliferum; endangered species; demography; life history strategy; rare plant; seed bank dynamics; slickspot peppergrass; desert; Idaho ID BIENNIALS; POPULATIONS; ANNUALS AB Lepidium papilliferum is an ephemeral species that occupies "slick spot" microhabitats in the matrix of sagebrush steppe vegetation of the southwestern Snake River plains, Idaho, USA. We related population demographic data collected from 1993 to 1996 to on-site precipitation data on the Orchard Training Area west of Boise. We also carried out field seed-retrieval and in situ seed bank studies. We found that L. papilliferum has a dual life history strategy. A fraction of each cohort sets seed as summer annuals, while the remaining plants remain vegetative and potentially biennial. Surviving biennials flower and set seed along with the annual cohort of the following year. The switch to flowering as an annual appears to be based on threshold rosette size. Probability of survival to flowering was much lower for biennials than for annuals of the same cohort, but surviving biennials sometimes had enhanced seed production. The summer-dry environment of the Snake River plains combined with the slick spot habitat has apparently selected for a primarily summer annual life cycle for this species. Seeds were highly dormant at dispersal and were not responsive to dormancy-breaking cues. Those from a given cohort of L. papilliferum remained viable in the soil for at least 11 years. This persistent seed bank provides a buffer against extinction in sequences of years when seed production is low or absent. Estimated seed bank size varied from near zero for a heavily disturbed site that formerly supported the species to 18 viable seeds dm(-2) for an extant population in high-quality habitat. Management for population preservation for L. papilliferum should focus on protecting the seed bank from destruction caused by livestock trampling and other anthropogenic disturbances. C1 US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, USDA, Provo, UT 84606 USA. USA, Idaho Natl Guard, Boise, ID 83707 USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, USDA, 735 N 500 E, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2005 VL 65 IS 1 BP 11 EP 23 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897EG UT WOS:000226986200002 ER PT S AU Calam, D Wood, DJ Bristow, A Das, REG Padilla, A Unger, G Shin, J Heath, A Van Aken, WG Aralkawa, Y Barrowcliffe, T Bektimirov, T Leal, EC Ciesiolka, T Decker, R Egan, W Gairola, S Grossberg, SE Hancox, T Jivapaisampong, T Lelie, N Lower, J Madej, RM Marcovina, S Miede, P Min, H Phillips, P Schild, G Solkhey, J Spieser, JM Wielgosz, R Zhou, T Zoon, K AF Calam, D. Wood, D. J. Bristow, A. Das, R. E. Gaines Padilla, A. Unger, G. Shin, J. Heath, A. Van Aken, W. G. Aralkawa, Y. Barrowcliffe, T. Bektimirov, T. Leal, E. Chaves Ciesiolka, T. Decker, R. Egan, W. Gairola, S. Grossberg, S. E. Hancox, T. Jivapaisampong, T. Lelie, N. Lower, J. Madej, R. M. Marcovina, S. Miede, P. Min, H. Phillips, P. Schild, G. Solkhey, J. Spieser, J-M. Wielgosz, R. Zhou, Tiequn Zoon, K. CA WHO GP WHO TI WHO Expert Committe on Biological Standardization - Fifty-fifth report - Introduction SO WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE ON BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION SE WHO Technical Report Series LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATED DEGRADATION TESTS; LIVE FLAVIVIRUS VACCINES; STABILITY; DESIGN C1 MP Chumakov Inst Poliomyelitis & Viral Encephalit, Moscow, Russia. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OraVax Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Pasteur Merieux Connaught, Lyon, France. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Franklin Quest Co, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Calam, D (reprint author), MP Chumakov Inst Poliomyelitis & Viral Encephalit, Moscow, Russia. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA DISTRIBUTION & SALES SERVICE, 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0512-3054 BN 978-92-4-120932-8 J9 WHO TECH REP SER JI WHO Tech. Rep. Ser. PY 2005 VL 932 BP 1 EP 137 PG 137 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BFR39 UT WOS:000243994400001 ER PT S AU Kirsch, JC Lindberg, WR Harris, DC Adcock, MJ Li, TP Welsh, EA Akins, RD AF Kirsch, JC Lindberg, WR Harris, DC Adcock, MJ Li, TP Welsh, EA Akins, RD BE Tustison, RW TI Tri-mode seeker dome considerations SO Window and Dome Technologies and Materials IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials IX CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE dome; infrared dome; radome; seeker; tri-mode; aluminum oxynitride; spinel; zinc sulfide AB The dome or window on a sensor suite seems, at first glance, to be a relatively low tech item. In reality, it can be one of the most costly items in the system. The choice of materials is highly dependent on the sensor, the anticipated operating conditions, and other requirements such as electromagnetic interference or radar cross section issues. The situation is further complicated when multiple sensor bands are used. Some dome materials are suitable for visible or near infrared applications, some for midwave infrared applications, and others for long wave infrared applications. Materials are also available which can be used for dual band sensors such as visible and midwave sensors. The Army is currently developing a tri-mode seeker containing semi-active laser, midwave infrared, and millimeter sensors all using a common aperture. This added complexity is nowhere more apparent than in the missile dome. Optically transparent infrared optical materials tend to have relatively high dielectric constants. Millimeter wave radomes typically have low dielectric constants. Electromagnetic shielding for an optical seeker frequently consists of some type of grid that serves as a wideband filter. Electromagnetic shielding for millimeter wave missiles may use complicated frequency selective surfaces that block all but the frequency of interest. Unfortunately, those frequency selective surfaces tend to be predominantly metal and are opaque in the optical regime. This paper will discuss the unique requirements that are placed on a tri-mode seeker as well as efforts to meet those requirements. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile RDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. RP Kirsch, JC (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile RDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5771-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5786 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.606158 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BCR91 UT WOS:000230980400003 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, SD Gillespie, DL Goff, JM Rasmussen, TE Johnson, CA Fox, CJ AF O'Donnell, SD Gillespie, DL Goff, JM Rasmussen, TE Johnson, CA Fox, CJ TI Norman M. Rich - The Walter Reed Vascular Surgery Fellowship SO WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID VENOUS LIGATION; INJURY; ENTRAPMENT; MANAGEMENT C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Peripheral Vaspular Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Div Vasc Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP O'Donnell, SD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Peripheral Vaspular Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM sean.odonnell@na.amedd.army.mil OI Gillespie, David/0000-0002-4378-9465 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-2313 J9 WORLD J SURG JI World J.Surg. PY 2005 VL 29 SU 1 BP S72 EP S73 DI 10.1007/s00268-004-2066-y PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 936FG UT WOS:000229840300018 PM 15815826 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB Marks, D AF Johnson, JB Marks, D TI The detection and correction of snow water equivalent pressure sensor errors SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 09-11, 2004 CL Portland, ME DE snow water equivalent measurement; snow pressure sensor error correction; snow hydrology ID ENERGY-BALANCE; COVER AB Snow water equivalent (SWE) sensors can experience errors when the base of the snow cover is at the melting temperature, the snow can support shear stresses (assumed to occur at densities greater than 200 kg m(-3)), and the rate of snowmelt on the sensor is different than on the surrounding ground. Either undermeasurement or overmeasurement errors may occur at critical times when the snow cover transitions from winter to spring conditions and at the start of periods of rapid snowmelt. Parameters to determine the onset of SWE sensor undermeasurement errors are defined by a negative rate of change for SWE, a negative rate of change for snow density, and an increasing snow depth. For the onset of overmeasurement errors, the rate of change for SWE will be positive while snow depth decreases and the snow density rate of change exceeds a defined positive threshold. When the snow temperature and density error conditions and the three under- or over-measurement error-indicator parameters are satisfied at the same time, an SWE sensor error has started. Real-time correction of the errors is done by multiplying the average snow cover density, set at the start of the error, with the snow depth. Once the error event ends, when the corrected SWE and SWE sensor data intersect, SWE is again determined from SWE sensor measurements. SWE sensor errors were accurately detected and corrected for five different sensors located in maritime and intermountain climatic zones when high-quality SWE sensor, snow or air temperature, and snow depth measurements were available. Implementation of the error detection and correction method requires simultaneous measurements of SWE, snow depth, and snow temperature near the ground. Improved error correction can be achieved by incorporating precipitation data and estimates of snow density due to retained rain or snow melt. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Erdc, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), USA, Erdc, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. EM Jerome.b.johnson@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 18 SI SI BP 3513 EP 3525 DI 10.1002/hyp.5795 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 883TW UT WOS:000226039600005 ER PT J AU Link, TE Marks, D Hardy, JP AF Link, TE Marks, D Hardy, JP TI A deterministic method to characterize canopy radiative transfer properties SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 09-11, 2004 CL Portland, ME DE snow hydrology; solar radiation; thermal radiation; forest canopy; radiative transfer; aspen; jack pine; Douglas fir ID BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SOLAR-RADIATION; ENERGY-EXCHANGE; SNOW COVER; BALANCE; STAND; TRANSMISSION; SIMULATION; SNOWCOVER AB Investigations of snowcover dynamics beneath vegetation canopies require either measured or estimated solar and thermal radiation values at the snow surface. A deterministic method is presented that uses portable arrays of pyranometers and pyrgeometers to quantify the amount of incoming radiation at the snow surface. Example solar and thermal radiation datasets are presented from boreal deciduous, boreal coniferous and temperate coniferous forest stands. The data indicate that the canopies transmitted 33% (4-8 March), 15% (6-10 February), and 3% (22-24 September) of the above-canopy radiation. In the boreal deciduous and temperate conifer stands, thermal radiation is increased by 25% and 34% respectively. Thermal gains partially offset solar reduction, such that incoming all-wave radiation is decreased by 22% and 25% respectively for each of these stands. When recorded at a high temporal resolution, array data can estimate below-canopy diffuse solar radiation values for estimation techniques that treat direct and diffuse transmission independently. We provide examples of how radiometer array data are used to derive simple canopy radiation transmissivity parameters for global, beam and diffuse radiation. Radiometer arrays also provide data for detailed investigations to assess within-stand radiation variability, or to investigate radiation variations across land cover discontinuities, to advance our understanding of snowcover energetics in complex environments. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Engn Res Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Link, TE (reprint author), Coll Nat Resources, Dept Forest Resources, POB 441133, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM tlink@uidaho.edu RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012 NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 18 SI SI BP 3583 EP 3594 DI 10.1002/hyp.5793 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 883TW UT WOS:000226039600009 ER PT J AU Liu, JC Melloh, RA Woodcock, CE Davis, RE Ochs, ES AF Liu, JC Melloh, RA Woodcock, CE Davis, RE Ochs, ES TI The effect of viewing geometry and topography on viewable gap fractions through forest canopies SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 09-11, 2004 CL Portland, ME DE viewable gap fractions; view zenith angle; GO model; remote sensing of snow ID SNOW-COVERED AREA; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; MODIS; MODEL AB The fraction of the surface under forest canopies that is visible from above, or the viewable gap fraction (VGF), influences a number of significant physical processes, such as the longwave radiation budget of the surface and the magnitude of diffuse irradiance. In addition, it has significant implications for the remote sensing of the surface. The VGF is dependent on canopy structure, topography and viewing geometry. Although it is difficult to map VGF using current operational remote sensing systems, it is possible to estimate VGF using models based on the three-dimensional structure of forest canopies. Results from hemispheric photographs taken in the field at Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado, and a geometric optical (GO) model show a trend of rapid decrease in VGF as the view zenith angles diverges from nadir. Whereas there is general agreement between model estimates and the hemispheric photographs, the hemispheric photographs generally show higher VGF values for all view zenith angles. In particular, the higher values for VGF are apparent at high view zenith angles. Use of a more complicated GO radiative transfer model would add the effect of within-crown gaps to those modelled by the GO model and will be used in future studies. VGF maps estimated using the GO model for the Fool Creek intensive study area show a significant decrease in VGF when view zenith angle is increased from 0degrees (nadir) to 30degrees viewing from the east. To produce VGF maps in mountain areas, the effect of topography must be taken into account, as changes in slope angle and azimuth are similar to changes in the view zenith angle. Hence, topography can serve either to accentuate or to minimize view zenith angle effects, depending on the slope orientation relative to the viewing position. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Erdc, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Liu, JC (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jcliu@crsa.bu.edu RI Liu, Jicheng/B-4575-2009 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 18 SI SI BP 3595 EP 3607 DI 10.1002/hyp.5802 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 883TW UT WOS:000226039600010 ER PT J AU Marshall, HP Koh, G Forster, RR AF Marshall, HP Koh, G Forster, RR TI Ground-based frequency-modulated continuous wave radar measurements in wet and dry snowpacks, Colorado, USA: an analysis and summary of the 2002-03 NASA CLPX data SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 09-11, 2004 CL Portland, ME DE snow; microwave radar; snow water equivalent (SWE); remote sensing; CLPX ID SNOW COVER AB Ground-based frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar measurements made throughout the 2002-03 NASA Cold Lands Processes (CLPX) mission in Colorado, USA, were designed to study the major electromagnetic transitions within the alpine snowpack over a wide range of conditions, and their effect on measurements made with different active radar measurement parameters. Measurements during 2002 determined that measurements at C-, X-, and Ku-band frequencies were necessary to retrieve the most snowpack information in a wide range of conditions. Measurements at four different incidence angles indicated that the snowpack layering was still visible at 15degrees but that the rough surface scattering of the snow-ground interface dominated the signal above 30degrees incidence. Measurements during 2003 were focused on characterizing the microwave response at C-, X-, and Ku-band frequencies at four different sites with different snowpack conditions, indicating that the optimal measurement parameters vary with snowpack conditions. Measurements at different bandwidths illustrate the effect of bandwidth on vertical resolution. This ground-truth data will help interpretation of air- and space-borne active and passive microwave radar measurements that were made coincident with this study. In addition, this work may help guide future researchers when choosing FMCW radar measurement parameters, depending on the type of snowpack information their study requires. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, SLF, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Marshall, HP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, 1560 30th St,Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM marshalh@colorado.edu RI Marshall, Hans-Peter/A-2374-2010 OI Marshall, Hans-Peter/0000-0002-4852-5637 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 18 SI SI BP 3609 EP 3622 DI 10.1002/hyp.5804 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 883TW UT WOS:000226039600011 ER PT J AU Ahn, SJ Kaholek, M Lee, WK LaMattina, B LaBean, TH Zauscher, S AF Ahn, SJ Kaholek, M Lee, WK LaMattina, B LaBean, TH Zauscher, S TI Surface-initiated polymerization on nanopatterns fabricated by electron-beam lithography SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FREE-RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE) BRUSHES; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; AMPLIFICATION; GOLD; DENSITY; GROWTH AB Micro- and nanopatterns of polymer brushes (see Figure) are fabricated using a "top-down/bottom-up" approach. A silicon surface is patterned with gold using lift-off electron-beam lithography ("top-down"), and the resulting pattern is then amplified by surf ace-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization ("bottom-up") of N-isopropylacrylamide from an immobilized thiol initiator. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Biol Inspired Mat & Mat Syst, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zauscher, S (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM zauscher@duke.edu RI Zauscher, Stefan/C-3947-2008; LaBean, Thomas/G-2859-2011 OI LaBean, Thomas/0000-0002-6739-2059 NR 33 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 23-24 BP 2141 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200401055 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 886KD UT WOS:000226225000015 ER PT J AU Scott, PT Petersen, K Fishbain, MJ Craft, DW Ewell, AJ Moran, K Hack, DC Deye, GA Riddell, S Christopher, G Mancuso, JD Petruccelli, BP Endy, T Lindler, L Davis, K Milstrey, EG Brosch, L Pool, J Blankenship, CL Malone, JL Tornberg, DN Srinivasan, A AF Scott, PT Petersen, K Fishbain, MJ Craft, DW Ewell, AJ Moran, K Hack, DC Deye, GA Riddell, S Christopher, G Mancuso, JD Petruccelli, BP Endy, T Lindler, L Davis, K Milstrey, EG Brosch, L Pool, J Blankenship, CL Malone, JL Tornberg, DN Srinivasan, A CA CDC TI Acinetobacter baumannii infections among patients at military medical facilities treating injured U.S. service members, 2002-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1063-1066, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; WOUNDS C1 USA, Med Surveillance Activ, Washington, DC 20314 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. USA, Med Brigade 30, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Off Surg Gen, Washington, DC USA. USN, Off Surg Gen, Washington, DC USA. US Dept Def, Off Hlth Affairs, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Scott, PT (reprint author), USA, Med Surveillance Activ, Washington, DC 20314 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 24 BP 2964 EP 2966 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 881CV UT WOS:000225841900007 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF Scoville, SL Cersovsky, SB Shanks, GD Ockenhouse, CF Smoak, BL Carr, WW Petruccelli, BP AF Shorr, AF Scoville, SL Cersovsky, SB Shanks, GD Ockenhouse, CF Smoak, BL Carr, WW Petruccelli, BP TI Acute eosinophilic pneumonia among US military personnel deployed in or near Iraq SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING AB Context Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a rare disease of unknown etiology characterized by respiratory failure, radiographic infiltrates, and eosinophilic infiltration of the lung. Objectives To describe a case series of AEP, illustrate the clinical features of this syndrome, and report the results of an epidemiologic investigation. Design, Setting, and Participants Epidemiologic investigation of cases of AEP identified both retrospectively and prospectively from March 2003 through March 2004 among US military personnel deployed in or near Iraq. Survivors were offered a follow-up evaluation. Main Outcome Measure Morbidity and mortality related to AEP. Results There were 18 cases of AEP identified among 183000 military personnel deployed in or near Iraq during the study period, yielding an AEP incidence of 9.1 per 100000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 4.3-13.3). The majority of patients (89%) were men and the median age was 22 (range, 19-47) years. All patients used tobacco, with 78% recently beginning to smoke. All but 1 reported significant exposure to fine airborne sand or dust. Known causes of pulmonary eosinophilia (eg, drug exposures or parasitic disease) were not identified. Epidemiologic investigation revealed no evidence of a common source exposure, temporal or geographic clustering, person-to-person transmission, or an association with recent vaccination. Six patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (median eosinophilia of 40.5%). All patients developed peripheral eosinophilia (range, 8%-42%). Mechanical ventilation was required in 67% for a median of 7 (range, 2-16) days. Two Soldiers died; the remainder responded to corticosteroids and/or supportive care. Twelve individuals were reevaluated a median of 3 months after diagnosis. At that point, 3 patients reported mild dyspnea and 1 reported wheezing. All patients had finished treatment and had either normal or nearly normal spirometry results. None had recurrent eosinophilia. Conclusions AEP occurred at an increased rate among this deployed military population and resulted in 2 deaths. Failure to consider AEP in the differential diagnosis of respiratory failure in military personnel can result in missing this syndrome and possibly death. The etiology of AEP remains unclear, but the association with new-onset smoking suggests a possible link. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Allergy & Immunol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM afshorr@dnamail.com RI Shanks, George Dennis/F-4056-2014 OI Shanks, George Dennis/0000-0001-5763-8660 NR 18 TC 96 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 24 BP 2997 EP 3005 DI 10.1001/jama.292.24.2997 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 881CV UT WOS:000225841900034 PM 15613668 ER PT J AU Wolter, SD Borca-Tasciuc, D Chen, G Prater, JT Sitar, Z AF Wolter, SD Borca-Tasciuc, D Chen, G Prater, JT Sitar, Z TI Processing and thermal properties of highly oriented diamond thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE diamond; epitaxy; thermal conductivity ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BIAS-ENHANCED NUCLEATION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATIONS; RAMAN MICROPROBE; ELECTRIC-FIELD; CVD DIAMOND; GROWTH; CONDUCTIVITY; SILICON; DIFFUSIVITY AB This paper discusses early research surrounding bias-enhanced nucleation (BEN) of diamond, which ultimately led to its development as a heteroepitaxial nucleation process. Substrate effects on bias-enhanced nucleation were observed in these early studies, indicating that carbide formers were effective substrates. Later, epitaxial nucleation on (100) beta-SiC, (100) Si, and (111) TiC was demonstrated. The thermal attributes of epitaxially textured films have been more recently evaluated by comparing the in-plane thermal conductivity of highly oriented films to those of randomly fiber-textured films. The thermal properties were determined using Joule heating thermometry and indicated room temperature thermal conductivity values of similar to650 and similar to335 W/m K for the respective films. This two-fold improvement is ascribed to reduced phonon scattering at the low angle grain boundaries characterizing the epitaxially textured films. This is further supported by temperature-dependent measurements, which showed a more pronounced sensitivity to these defects within the random fiber-textured films at low measurement temperatures. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. MIT, Dept Engn Mech, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM woltersd@duke.edu RI Chen, Gang/J-1325-2014 OI Chen, Gang/0000-0002-3968-8530 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 469 SI SI BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.08.062 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 879NK UT WOS:000225724300019 ER PT J AU Childs, JD Fritz, JM Flynn, TW Irrgang, JJ Johnson, KK Majkowski, GR Delitto, A AF Childs, JD Fritz, JM Flynn, TW Irrgang, JJ Johnson, KK Majkowski, GR Delitto, A TI A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with low back pain most likely to benefit from spinal manipulation: A validation study SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FEAR-AVOIDANCE BELIEFS; PRIMARY-CARE; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; MEDICAL LITERATURE; USERS GUIDES; DISABILITY; THERAPY; EXERCISES; MOTION; COST AB Background: Conflicting evidence exists about the effectiveness of spinal manipulation. Objective: To validate a manipulation clinical prediction rule. Design: Multicenter randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Physical therapy clinics. Patients: 131 consecutive patients with low back pain, 18 to 60 years of age, who were referred to physical therapy. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive manipulation plus exercise or exercise alone by a physical therapist for 4 weeks. Measurements: Patients were examined according to the clinical prediction rule criteria (symptom duration, symptom location, fear-avoidance beliefs, lumbar mobility, and hip rotation range of motion). Disability and pain at 1 and 4 weeks and 6 months were assessed. Results: Outcome from spinal manipulation depends on a patient's status on the prediction rule. Treatment effects are greatest for the subgroup of patients who were positive on the rule (at least 4 of 5 criteria met); health care utilization among this subgroup was decreased at 6 months. Compared with patients who were negative on the rule and received exercise, the odds of a successful outcome among patients who were positive on the rule and received manipulation were 60.8 (95% CI, 5.2 to 704.7). The odds were 2.4 (CI, 0.83 to 6.9) among patients who were negative on the rule and received manipulation and 1.0 (CI, 0.28 to 3.6) among patients who were positive on the rule and received exercise. A patient who was positive on the rule and received manipulation has a 92% chance of a successful outcome, with an associated number needed to treat for benefit at 4 weeks of 1.9 (CI, 1.4 to 3.5). Limitations: The response rate for the 6-month follow-up resulted in inadequate power to detect statistically significant differences for some comparisons. Conclusions: The spinal manipulation clinical prediction rule can be used to improve decision making for patients with low back pain. C1 Lackland Air Force Base, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Baylor Univ, USA, Grad Program Phys Therapy, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Hill AFB, Med Clin, Ogden, UT USA. Luke AFB, Med Clin, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), Lackland Air Force Base, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. EM childsjd@sbcglobal.net NR 65 TC 376 Z9 378 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 141 IS 12 BP 920 EP 928 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 882EY UT WOS:000225923000003 PM 15611489 ER PT J AU Happe, MR Mulhall, BP Maydonovitch, CL Holtzmuller, KC AF Happe, MR Mulhall, BP Maydonovitch, CL Holtzmuller, KC TI Gatifloxacin-induced hyperglycemia SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Happe, MR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 5 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 141 IS 12 BP 968 EP 969 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 882EY UT WOS:000225923000014 PM 15611500 ER PT J AU Achtman, M Morelli, G Zhu, PX Wirth, T Diehl, I Kusecek, B Vogler, AJ Wagner, DM Allender, CJ Easterday, WR Chenal-Francisque, V Worsham, P Thomson, NR Parkhill, J Lindler, LE Carniel, E Keim, P AF Achtman, M Morelli, G Zhu, PX Wirth, T Diehl, I Kusecek, B Vogler, AJ Wagner, DM Allender, CJ Easterday, WR Chenal-Francisque, V Worsham, P Thomson, NR Parkhill, J Lindler, LE Carniel, E Keim, P TI Microevolution and history of the plague bacillus, Yersinia pestis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE insertion element; SNP; variable number tandem repeats; pandemic; molecular clock ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; GENOME SEQUENCE; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; TANDEM REPEATS; BLACK-DEATH; DNA; ANTHRACIS; DYNAMICS; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; IDENTIFICATION AB The association of historical plague pandemics with Yersinia pestis remains controversial, partly because the evolutionary history of this largely monomorphic bacterium was unknown. The microevolution of Y. pestis was therefore investigated by three different multilocus molecular methods, targeting genomewide synonymous SNPs, variation in number of tandem repeats, and insertion of IS100 insertion elements. Eight populations were recognized by the three methods, and we propose an evolutionary tree for these populations, rooted on Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The tree invokes microevolution over millennia, during which enzootic pestoides isolates evolved. This initial phase was followed by a binary split 6,500 years ago, which led to populations that are more frequently associated with human disease. These populations do not correspond directly to classical biovars that are based on phenotypic properties. Thus, we recommend that henceforth groupings should be based on molecular signatures. The age of Y. pestis inferred here is compatible with the dates of historical pandemic plague. However, it is premature to infer an association between any modern molecular grouping and a particular pandemic wave that occurred before the 20th century. C1 Max Planck Inst Infekt Biol, Dept Mol Biol, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Inst Pasteur, Yersinia Res Inst, F-75724 Paris, France. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. Natl Biodef Anal & Countermeasures Ctr, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Translat Res Inst, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. RP Achtman, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Infekt Biol, Dept Mol Biol, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. EM achtman@mpiib-berlin.mpg.de RI Wirth, Thierry/B-4915-2008; Wagner, David/A-5125-2010; Parkhill, Julian/G-4703-2011; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Easterday, W. Ryan/M-6732-2015 OI Parkhill, Julian/0000-0002-7069-5958; Easterday, W. Ryan/0000-0001-5865-7062 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01-GM060795, R01 GM060795] NR 40 TC 287 Z9 321 U1 6 U2 82 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 51 BP 17837 EP 17842 DI 10.1073/pnas.0408026101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 882PT UT WOS:000225951500049 PM 15598742 ER PT J AU Mackie, DM Lee, AW AF Mackie, DM Lee, AW TI Slotted multimode-interference devices SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE; OPTICAL SWITCH; PHOTONIC SWITCHES; DESIGN; FABRICATION; SPLITTERS; COUPLERS; BEAMSPLITTERS; PRINCIPLES AB We describe a novel modification of multimode-interference devices that has: broad applicability. The modification involves introducing a slot (or slots), of a specific width and effective refractive index and at a specific position, that runs the longitudinal length of the multimode-interference region. Introducing N slots reduces the self-image length by a factor of N divided by 1. Varying the effective refractive index or width of the slot(s) creates a switch. The slot modification can be accomplished in a variety of ways. actually increases bandwidth, and has good error tolerances. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, 2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM dmackie@arl.army.mil NR 49 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 36 BP 6609 EP 6619 DI 10.1364/AO.43.006609 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 882CP UT WOS:000225916500008 PM 15646780 ER PT J AU Dwarakanath, S Bruno, JG Shastry, A Phillips, T John, A Kumar, A Stephenson, LD AF Dwarakanath, S Bruno, JG Shastry, A Phillips, T John, A Kumar, A Stephenson, LD TI Quantum dot-antibody and aptamer conjugates shift fluorescence upon binding bacteria SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE antibody; aptamer; bacteria; fluorescence; homogeneous; nanoparticle; quantum dot; SELEX; shift; wavelength ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; NANOPARTICLES; ASSAY AB Cdse/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) exhibited fluorescence emission blue shifts when conjugated to antibodies or DNA aptamers that are bound to bacteria. The intensity of the shifted emission peak increased with the number of bound bacteria. Curiously, the emission was consistently shifted to approximately 440-460 nm, which is distinctly different from the major component of the natural fluorescence spectrum of these QDs. This minor emission peak can grow upon conjugation to antibodies or aptamers and subsequent binding to bacterial cell surfaces. We hypothesize that the wavelength shift is due to changes in the chemical environment of the QD conjugates when they encounter the bacterial surface and may be due to physical deformation of the QD that changes the quantum confinement state. Regardless of the mechanism, these remarkable emission wavelength shifts of greater than 140 nm in some cases strongly suggest new applications for QD-receptor conjugates. (C) 2004 Elseveir Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NanoSci Diagnost Inc, Austin, TX 78726 USA. Operat Technol Corp, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Dwarakanath, S (reprint author), NanoSci Diagnost Inc, 10520 Canyon Vista Way, Austin, TX 78726 USA. EM su@nanosciencediagnostics.com RI Zhou, Feng/E-9510-2011 NR 6 TC 92 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 53 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 17 PY 2004 VL 325 IS 3 BP 739 EP 743 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.099 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 874KW UT WOS:000225350300016 PM 15541352 ER PT J AU Rupprecht, CE Gibbons, RV AF Rupprecht, CE Gibbons, RV TI Prophylaxis against rabies SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; DIPLOID CELL-CULTURE; UNITED-STATES; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIRABIES VACCINE; HUMAN EXPOSURE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH; HUMANS AB A six-month- old girl presents for a "well-baby" appointment in New Jersey. The mother is concerned about a dead bat she found in the child's bedroom. A Virginia businessman relaxing on his patio after work pulls a toy from his puppy's mouth. He notices a dead raccoon within his fenced yard, where his puppy has been playing, and telephones you for advice. You receive e-mail from a South American colleague, who has been bitten by a stray dog while jogging. She solicits your medical opinion. How would you manage these situations? C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyr5@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 5 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 16 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 25 BP 2626 EP 2635 DI 10.1056/NEJMcp042140 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879OC UT WOS:000225726100010 PM 15602023 ER PT J AU Polley, SD Mwangi, T Kocken, CHM Thomas, AW Dutta, S Lanar, DE Remarque, E Ross, A Williams, TN Mwambingu, G Lowe, B Conway, DJ Marsh, K AF Polley, SD Mwangi, T Kocken, CHM Thomas, AW Dutta, S Lanar, DE Remarque, E Ross, A Williams, TN Mwambingu, G Lowe, B Conway, DJ Marsh, K TI Human antibodies to recombinant protein constructs of Plasmodium falciparum Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1) and their associations with protection from malaria SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Kenya; merozoite; epidemiology; allele specificity; subclass ID NATURAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MEDIATED INHIBITION; BLOOD STAGES; INVASION; MEROZOITES; VACCINE; INFECTION; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; CHILDREN AB Serum antibodies from 1071 people in two Kenyan villages were assayed using eight different recombinant Apical Membrane Antigen I (AMA1) protein constructs to investigate their role in naturally acquired immunity. In both communities, antibodies against the full-length ectodomain (both FVO and 3D7 allele Constructs) prior to a malaria transmission season were significantly associated with protection front malaria in the following 6 months. even after adjusting for age and antibody reactivity to whole parasite (schizont) extract. However, these protective associations of antibodies were only seen among subjects that were parasite slide positive at the time of pre-season serum sampling. Competition ELISAs with the FVO and 3D7 allele constructs showed that antibodies can recognise either conserved or allele-specific epitopes in AMA1. Results encourage the development of an AMA1 vaccine based on the full-length ectodomain. and indicate that the function of human antibodies to allele-specific and conserved epitopes in AMA1 should be studied further. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. Ctr Geog Med Res, Kenya Med Res Inst, Coast Wellcome Trust Collaborat Program, Kilifi, Kenya. BPRC, Dept Parasitol, NL-2280 GH Rijswijk, Netherlands. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 9DY, England. Swiss Trop Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. RP Polley, SD (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM spencer.polley@lshtm.ac.uk RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011; Polley, Spencer/F-7766-2013; OI Conway, David/0000-0002-8711-3037; Ross, Amanda/0000-0001-6027-5645 NR 38 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 16 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 5 BP 718 EP 728 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.05.031 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 882KB UT WOS:000225936700021 PM 15542195 ER PT J AU Malone, JL Ijaz, K Lambert, L Rosencrans, L Phillips, L Tomlinson, V Arbise, M Moolenaar, RL Dworkin, MS Simoes, EJ AF Malone, JL Ijaz, K Lambert, L Rosencrans, L Phillips, L Tomlinson, V Arbise, M Moolenaar, RL Dworkin, MS Simoes, EJ TI Investigation of healthcare-associated transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among patients with malignancies at three hospitals and at a residential facility SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cross-infection; tuberculosis transmission; restriction fragment length polymorphism; leukemia complications; residential facilities; infection control ID SURVEILLANCE NETWORK; DISEASE; ALEMTUZUMAB; DIAGNOSIS AB BACKGROUND. Immunocompromised patients have an increased risk of experiencing progression of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to active tuberculosis (TB) disease. In January 2002, 2 patients with leukemia (Patients 1 and 2) developed pulmonary TB after recent exposure at 3 hospitals (Hospital A, Hospital B, and Hospital C) and at a residential facility for patients with cancer. Neither was known to have LTBI. Within 1 year, 3 other patients with malignancy and TB disease had been identified at these facilities, prompting an investigation of healthcare facility-associated transmission of M. tuberculosis. METHODS. The authors performed genotypic analysis of the five available M. tuberculosis isolates from patients with malignancies at these facilities, reviewed medical records, interviewed individuals who had identical M. tuberculosis genotypic patterns, and performed tuberculin skin testing (TST) and case finding for possible exposed contacts. RESULTS. Only Patients 1 and 2 had identical genotypic patterns. Neither patient had baseline TST results available. Patient 1 had clinical evidence of infectiousness 3 months before the diagnosis of TB was ascertained. Among employee contacts of Patient 1, TST conversions occurred in 1 of 59 (2%), 2 of 34 (6%), 2 of 32 (6%), and 0 of 8 who were tested at Hospitals A, B, and C and at the residential facility, respectively. Among the others who were exposed to Patient 1, 1 of 31 (3%), 1 of 30 (3%), 0 of 40 (0%), and 12 of 136 (9%) who were tested had positive TSTs at Hospitals A, B, and C and at the residential facility, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. Delayed TB diagnosis in 2 patients with leukemia resulted in the transmission of M. tuberculosis to 19 patients and staff at 3 hospitals and a residential facility. Baseline TB screening and earlier clinical recognition of active disease could reduce healthcare facility-associated transmission of M. tuberculosis among patients with malignancy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, State Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Measles Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Field Serv Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Ctr Program, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Malone, JL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Sy, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM joseph.malone@na.amedd.army.mil OI Simoes, Eduardo/0000-0003-4371-4305 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 12 BP 2713 EP 2721 DI 10.1002/cncr.20698 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 878HK UT WOS:000225637200001 PM 15547933 ER PT J AU Petersen, K Sherer, CR Tjaden, JA AF Petersen, K Sherer, CR Tjaden, JA TI Hereditary spherocytosis mimicking beta-lactam-induced hemolytic anemia SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Petersen, K (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM knpetersen@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1866 EP 1867 DI 10.1086/426146 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JJ UT WOS:000227492200022 PM 15578414 ER PT J AU Repine, TB DeArmond, G Lopez, JD AF Repine, TB DeArmond, G Lopez, JD TI Case 2. Burkitt's lymphoma involving the gallbladder SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Parkland Mem Hosp & Affiliated Inst, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Repine, TB (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 24 BP 5014 EP 5015 DI 10.1200/JCO.2004.11.026 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 886OT UT WOS:000226238900023 PM 15611517 ER PT J AU Saikh, KU Kissner, TL Sultana, A Ruthel, G Ulrich, RG AF Saikh, KU Kissner, TL Sultana, A Ruthel, G Ulrich, RG TI Human monocytes infected with Yersinia pestis express cell surface TLR9 and differentiate into dendritic cells SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; CPG-DNA; PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; T-CELLS; B-CELLS; ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY; INNATE IMMUNITY; CUTTING EDGE; ACTIVATION; ANTIGEN AB TLR9 recognizes DNA sequences containing hypomethylated CpG motifs and is a component of the innate immune system highly conserved during eukaryotic evolution. Previous reports suggested that the expression of TLR9 is restricted to plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B lymphocytes. Our results indicate that low levels of TLR9 are present on the cell surface of freshly isolated human monocytes, and expression is greatly increased by infection with Yersinia pestis. Enhanced cell surface TLR9 coincided with elevated levels of cytoplasmic TLR9 and recruitment of MyD88. Infected monocytes differentiated into mature dendritic cells, expressed IFN-alpha, and stimulated proliferative and cytotoxic T cell. responses specific to Y. pestis. Furthermore, uninfected B cells and monocytes both increased cell surface TLR9, CD86, and HLA-DR in response to treatment with CpG-containing oligonucleotides, whereas cell surface TLR9 was down-modulated on infected dendritic cells by the addition of agonist oligonucleotide. Our results suggest that increased expression of TLR9 on the surface of infected cells may serve a role as an activation signal to other cells of the immune system. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Saikh, KU (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM kamal.saikh@det.amedd.army.mil; Ulrich@ncifcrf.gov NR 47 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 173 IS 12 BP 7426 EP 7434 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 878RT UT WOS:000225665100040 PM 15585868 ER PT J AU Hepburn, MJ Lawitz, EJ AF Hepburn, MJ Lawitz, EJ TI Seroprevalence of hepatitis C and associated risk factors among an urban population in Haiti SO BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; VIRUS-INFECTION AB Background: The seroprevalence of hepatitis C varies substantially between countries and geographic regions. A better understanding of the seroprevalence of this disease, and the risk factors associated with seropositive status, supply data for the development of screening programs and provide insight into the transmission of the disease. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis C and associated risk factors in an urban population in Haiti. Methods: A prospective survey for hepatitis C antibodies was conducted among an urban outpatient population in Cap-Haitien, Haiti, with a sample size of 500 subjects. An anonymous 12 question survey, with inquiries related to demographic characteristics and risk factors for HCV acquisition, was concomitantly administered with testing. These demographic and behavioral risk factors were correlated with HCV antibody status using univariate and multivariate tests. Results: The prevalence of positive HCV antibody was 22/500 (4.4%). Subjects that were anti-HCV positive had an average of 7 +/- 8.6 lifetime sexual partners, compared to average of 2.5 +/- 3.5 lifetime sexual partners among HCV-negative subjects (p = 0.02). In a multiple logistic regression model, intravenous drug use (OR 3.7, 1.52-9.03 95% CI) and number of sexual partners (OR 1.1, 1.04-1.20 95% CI) were independently associated with a positive HCV antibody result. Conclusions: A substantial number of subjects with HCV antibodies were detected in this population in Haiti. Further investigation into the correlation between the number of sexual partners and testing positive for hepatitis C antibodies is indicated. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, MGMR UIM R Hepburn, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Alamo Med Res, San Antonio, TX 78215 USA. RP Hepburn, MJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. EM matthew.hepburn@amedd.army.mil; lawitz@alamomedicalresearch.com NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-230X J9 BMC GASTROENTEROL JI BMC Gastroenterol. PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 4 AR 31 DI 10.1186/1471-230X-4-31 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 885FF UT WOS:000226141800001 PM 15596018 ER PT J AU O'Malley, PG Taylor, AJ AF O'Malley, PG Taylor, AJ TI Unregulated direct-to-consumer marketing and self-referral for screening imaging services - A call to action SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TOMOGRAPHY; IMPACT; RISK C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP O'Malley, PG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM patrick.omalley@amedd.army.mil NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD DEC 13 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 22 BP 2406 EP 2408 DI 10.1001/archinte.164.22.2406 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879FN UT WOS:000225701900001 PM 15596628 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Trespalacios, FC Agodoa, LY Taylor, A Bakris, GL AF Abbott, KC Trespalacios, FC Agodoa, LY Taylor, A Bakris, GL TI beta-Blocker use in long-term dialysis patients - Association with hospitalized heart failure and mortality SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; ADRENERGIC-BLOCKADE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; COMET TRIAL; THERAPY; SURVIVAL; DISEASE; HYPERTENSION AB Background: beta-Blockers have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of heart failure (HF) in the general population, but they have not been assessed for their association with nonfatal HF in a nationally representative population of long-term dialysis patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2550 patients enrolled in the US Renal Data System (USRDS) Wave 2 who were Medicare eligible at the start of the study. Analysis was stratified by the presence or absence of a known diagnosis of HF, and patients followed up until December 31, 2000. Cox regression analysis, including propensity scores, was used to model adjusted hazard ratios for beta-blocker use (assessed separately by cardioselective activity and lipid solubility) with time to the first Medicare institutional claim for HF, cardiovascular-related death, or death from any cause. Results: In patients without a previous history of HF, beta-blocker use was significantly associated with a lower adjusted risk of HF (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.91; P=.008), with a similar reduction in risk of cardiac-related and all-cause death. beta-Blocker use had no statistically significant associations with outcomes in patients with previous HF. Conclusions: In dialysis patients without a previous documented history of HF, beta-blocker use was associated with a lower risk of new HF, cardiovascular death, and death from any cause. No such associations were seen for dialysis patients with a previous history of HF. These results are hypothesis generating only and should be confirmed in randomized trials. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Nephrol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Cardiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Ft Lewis, WA USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Prevent Med Serv, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM kevin.abbott@na.amedd.army.mil OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 36 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD DEC 13 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 22 BP 2465 EP 2471 DI 10.1001/archinte.164.22.2465 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879FN UT WOS:000225701900010 PM 15596637 ER PT J AU Scaffidi, J Pearman, W Carter, JC Colston, BW Angel, SM AF Scaffidi, J Pearman, W Carter, JC Colston, BW Angel, SM TI Temporal dependence of the enhancement of material removal in femtosecond-nanosecond dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY; PRE-ABLATION SPARK; IN-SITU ANALYSIS; LIBS PLASMA; EMISSION; STEEL; SPECTROMETRY; ALUMINUM; SAMPLES; TEMPERATURE AB Despite the large neutral atomic and ionic emission enhancements that have been noted in collinear and orthogonal dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, the source or sources of these significant signal and signal-to-noise ratio improvements have yet to be explained. In the research reported herein, the combination of a femtosecond preablative air spark and a nanosecond ablative pulse yields eightfold and tenfold material removal improvement for brass and aluminum, respectively, but neutral atomic emission is enhanced by only a factor of 3-4. Additionally, temporal correlation between enhancement of material removal and of atomic emission is quite poor, suggesting that the atomic-emission enhancements noted in the femtosecond-nanosecond pulse configuration result in large part from some source other than simple improvement in material removal. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM angel@mail.chem.sc.edu OI Angel, Stanley/0000-0002-0328-0568 NR 43 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 35 BP 6492 EP 6499 DI 10.1364/AO.43.006492 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 878QK UT WOS:000225661400017 PM 15617288 ER PT J AU Warren, SD Hohmann, MG Auerswald, K Mitasova, H AF Warren, SD Hohmann, MG Auerswald, K Mitasova, H TI An evaluation of methods to determine slope using digital elevation data SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE digital elevation model; geographic information system; slope; soil erosion ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; DEM; ACCURACY; TESTS AB Variation in the computation of slope from digital elevation data can result in significantly different slope values and can, in turn, lead to widely varying estimates of environmental phenomena such as soil erosion that are highly dependent on slope. Ten methods of computing slope from distributed elevation data, utilizing capabilities inherent in five different geographic information systems (GIS), were compared with field measurements of slope. The methods were compared based on (1) overall estimation performance, (2) estimation accuracy, (3) estimation precision, and (4) independence of estimation errors and the magnitude of field measured slopes. A method utilizing a very high resolution digital elevation model (DEM) (1 m) produced slightly better estimates of slope than approaches utilizing somewhat lower resolution DEMs (2-5.2 m), and significantly better estimates than a method utilizing a 12.5 m DEM, The more accurate method was significantly biased, however, frequently underestimating actual slope. Methods that averaged or smoothed high resolution DEMs over larger areas also produced good estimates of slope, but these were somewhat less accurate in areas of shallow slopes. Methods utilizing differential geometry to compute percent slope from DEMs outperformed methods utilizing trigonometric functions. Errors in slope computation are exaggerated in soil erosion prediction models because erosion typically increases as a power function of slope. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Chair Grassland Sci, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Warren, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM SWarren@cemml.colostate.edu RI Auerswald, Karl/C-5186-2008; OI Auerswald, Karl/0000-0001-5275-4320; Mitasova, Helena/0000-0002-6906-3398 NR 32 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 58 IS 3 BP 215 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2004.05.001 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 874KO UT WOS:000225349500001 ER PT J AU Cao, XH Mello, SV Leblanc, RM Rastogi, VK Cheng, TC DeFrank, JJ AF Cao, XH Mello, SV Leblanc, RM Rastogi, VK Cheng, TC DeFrank, JJ TI Detection of paraoxon by immobilized organophosphorus hydrolase in a Langmuir-Blodgett film SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE fluorescein isothiocyanate; UV-vis absorption; organophosphorus hydrolase ID RECOMBINANT ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NERVE AGENTS; SENSITIVE IMMUNOLIPOSOMES; BIOSENSOR; NEUROTOXINS; PESTICIDES; ELECTRODE; PROTEIN; ASSAY AB Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film deposition technique was employed for the immobilization of organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH). OPH enzyme was covalently bonded to a fluorescent probe, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and used as a biological recognition element. Under optimal experimental conditions, OPH monolayers were deposited onto the Surface of silanized quartz slides as LB film and utilized as a bioassay for the detection of paraoxon. Two different methods were employed for detection of paraoxon: the fluorescence quenching of the fluorescence probe (FITC) covalently bonded to OPH and the UV-vis absorption spectrum of the paraoxon hydrolysis product. The UV-vis absorption measurement demonstrated a linear relationship between the absorbance at 400 nm and the concentration of paraoxon solutions over the range of 1.0 x 10(-7)-1.0 x 10(-5) M (0.27-27 ppm). By observing the FITC fluorescence quenching, the concentration of paraoxon can be detected as low as 10(-9) M (S/N = 3). The research described herein showed that the LB film bioassay had high sensitivity, rapid response time and good reproducibility. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Leblanc, RM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM rml@miami.edu NR 30 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 250 IS 1-3 BP 349 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.01.043 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 885LB UT WOS:000226157000047 ER PT J AU Peoples, GE Jezior, JR Shriver, CD AF Peoples, GE Jezior, JR Shriver, CD TI Caring for the wounded in Iraq - A photo essay SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Peoples, GE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 24 BP 2476 EP 2480 DI 10.1056/NEJMp048327 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 877TE UT WOS:000225593100002 PM 15622566 ER PT J AU Pittman, PR Coonan, KM Gibbs, PH Scott, HM Cannon, TL McKee, KT AF Pittman, PR Coonan, KM Gibbs, PH Scott, HM Cannon, TL McKee, KT TI Long-term health effects of repeated exposure to multiple vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 104th General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 23-27, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Microbiol DE vaccine; immunization; monoclonal gammopathy ID UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE; MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY; RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM; MYELOMA; HYPOSENSITIZATION; IMMUNIZATION; TRANSLOCATIONS; STIMULATION; COMMUNITY; PROTEINS AB The health of 155 former workers in a US military research program who had received multiple vaccines and 265 matched community controls was assessed. The study population was mostly male (83%) and elderly (median age, 69 years). Multiply immunized (MIP) subjects received vaccines and/or skin tests (median = 154) over a median of 17.3 years; interval from start of immunizations to survey completion was 15-55 years (mean = 43.1 years). MIP subjects characterized themselves as slightly less healthy than controls (P = 0.057). Fatigue (but no other symptom) was reported more frequently in the MIP group (P = 0.011), but was not associated with number of injections, number of vaccines, or time in program. No differences between MIP and control groups were seen for numerous self-reported medical conditions. Several statistically significant abnormalities were seen in clinical laboratory tests among MIP subjects, but none appeared to be clinically significant. A significant difference in frequency of monoclonal spikes and/or paraprotein peaks between MIP (12.5%) and control (4.5%) groups (RR = 2.7, P < 0.003) was observed; no associations with lifestyle, vaccine exposure, or medical conditions were found. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Camber Corp, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Garrison Directorate Informat Management, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Pittman, PR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Camber Corp, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM phillip.pittman@amedd.army.mil NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 525 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.06.026 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 880XP UT WOS:000225823800013 PM 15530702 ER PT J AU Eckart, RE Scoville, SL Campbell, CL Shry, EA Stajduhar, KC Potter, RN Pearse, LA Virmani, R AF Eckart, RE Scoville, SL Campbell, CL Shry, EA Stajduhar, KC Potter, RN Pearse, LA Virmani, R TI Sudden death in young adults: A 25-year review of autopsies in military recruits SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY ANOMALIES; SICKLE-CELL TRAIT; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; CARDIAC DEATH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; WATER-INTOXICATION; POPULATION; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ATHLETE; CLASSIFICATION AB Background: Sudden death among military recruits is a rare but devastating occurrence. Because extensive medical data are available on this cross-sectional and diverse population, identification of the underlying causes of sudden death may promote health care policy to reduce the incidence of sudden death. Objective: To determine the causes of nontraumatic sudden death among a cohort of military recruits. Design: Retrospective cohort study using demographic and autopsy data from the Department of Defense Recruit Mortality Registry. Setting: Basic military training. Patients: All nontraumatic sudden deaths from a monitored 6.3 million men and women age 18 to 35 years. Measurements: Descriptive analysis, crude mortality rates of causes of sudden death, and frequency of events as a function of cause of death. Results: Of 126 nontraumatic sudden deaths (rate, 13.0/100 000 recruit-years), 108 (86%) were related to exercise. The most common cause of sudden death was an identifiable cardiac abnormality (64 of 126 recruits [51%]); however, a substantial number of deaths remained unexplained (44 of 126 recruits [35%]). The predominant structural cardiac abnormalities were coronary artery abnormalities (39 of 64 recruits [61%]), myocarditis (13 of 64 recruits [20%]), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (8 of 64 recruits [13%]). An anomalous coronary artery accounted for one third (21 of 64 recruits) of the cases in this cohort, and, in each, the left coronary artery arose from the right (anterior) sinus of Valsalva, coursing between the pulmonary artery and aorta. Limitations: This cohort underwent a preenlistment screening program that included history and physical examination; this may have altered outcomes. Conclusions: cardiac abnormalities are the leading identifiable cause of sudden death among military recruits; however, more than one third of sudden deaths remain unexplained after detailed medical investigation. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Eckart, RE (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, USA, Cardiac Arrhythmia Serv, Div Cardiovasc, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM Robert.Eckart@us.army.mil NR 45 TC 346 Z9 371 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 141 IS 11 BP 829 EP 834 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 876WZ UT WOS:000225530700001 PM 15583223 ER PT J AU Moores, LK Jackson, WL Shorr, AF Jackson, JL AF Moores, LK Jackson, WL Shorr, AF Jackson, JL TI Meta-analysis: Outcomes in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism managed with computed tomographic pulmonary angiography SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID NEGATIVE SPIRAL CT; VENTILATION-PERFUSION SCINTIGRAPHY; DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS; MULTIDETECTOR ROW CT; HELICAL CT; DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGY; CLINICAL-OUTCOMES; PREDICTIVE VALUE; D-DIMER; OUTPATIENTS AB Background: Spiral computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is increasingly being used in the evaluation of patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). However, CTPA as a definitive diagnostic test may be limited by inadequate sensitivity, especially in instances of isolated subsegmental emboli. Purpose: To assess the safety of withholding anticoagulation in patients with suspected PE and negative results on CTPA. Data Sources: All relevant studies identified in MEDLINE (1966 to March 2004) and EMBASE (1974 to 2004) and in bibliographies of key articles. The search was not limited to the English language. Study Selection: The authors selected all published studies that used CTPA to evaluate suspected PE and reported at least 3 months of follow-up in patients not receiving anticoagulation on the basis of a negative CTPA result. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently rated study quality on the basis of predetermined criteria. Data were extracted on participants, CTPA technique, diagnostic studies performed, prevalence of PE, number of patients with negative or indeterminate CTPA results who were followed, and subsequent rates of venous thromboembolism and fatal PE. Data Synthesis: Twenty-three studies reported on 4657 patients with negative CTPA results who did not receive anticoagulation. The 3-month rate of subsequent venous thromboembolic events was 1.4% (95% Cl, 1.1 % to 1.8%), and the 3-month rate of fatal PE was 0.51% (Cl, 0.33% to 0.76%). Limitations: The CTPA technology used varied across studies and was not applied uniformly in the same step of diagnostic algorithms. Only 1 study used CTPA as the sole diagnostic test. Conclusion: The rate of subsequent venous thromboembolism after negative results on CTPA is similar to that seen after negative results on conventional pulmonary angiography. It appears to be safe to withhold anticoagulation after negative CTPA results. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Moores, LK (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Lisa.Moores@na.amedd.army.mil NR 62 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 141 IS 11 BP 866 EP 874 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 876WZ UT WOS:000225530700007 PM 15583229 ER PT J AU Taylor, AJ Sullenberger, LE Lee, HJ Lee, JK Grace, KA AF Taylor, AJ Sullenberger, LE Lee, HJ Lee, JK Grace, KA TI Arterial biology for the investigation of the treatment effects of reducing cholesterol (ARBITER) 2 - A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of extended-release niacin on atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention patients treated with statins SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc DE atherosclerosis; risk factors; lipids ID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; TREATMENT PANEL-III; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; LONG-TERM; PRAVASTATIN; THERAPY; ATORVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN AB Background - Niacin reduces coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality when taken either alone or in combination with statins; however, the incremental impact of adding niacin to background statin therapy is unknown. Methods and Results - This was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of once-daily extended-release niacin (1000 mg) added to background statin therapy in 167 patients (mean age 67 years) with known coronary heart disease and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; < 45 mg/dL). The primary end point was the change in common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) after 1 year. Baseline CIMT (0.884 &PLUSMN; 0.234 mm), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (89 &PLUSMN; 20 mg/dL), and HDL-C (40 &PLUSMN; 7 mg/dL) were comparable in the placebo and niacin groups. Adherence to niacin exceeded 90%, and 149 patients (89.2%) completed the study. HDL-C increased 21% (39 to 47 mg/dL) in the niacin group. After 12 months, mean CIMT increased significantly in the placebo group (0.044 &PLUSMN; 0.100 mm; P < 0.001) and was unchanged in the niacin group (0.014 +/- 0.104 mm; P = 0.23). Although the overall difference in IMT progression between the niacin and placebo groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.08), niacin significantly reduced the rate of IMT progression in subjects without insulin resistance (P = 0.026). Clinical cardiovascular events occurred in 3 patients treated with niacin (3.8%) and 7 patients treated with placebo (9.6%; P = 0.20). Conclusions - The addition of extended-release niacin to statin therapy slowed the progression of atherosclerosis among individuals with known coronary heart disease and moderately low HDL-C. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Room 3L28, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM allen.taylor@na.amedd.army.mil NR 26 TC 613 Z9 639 U1 2 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 23 BP 3512 EP 3517 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000148955.19792.8D PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 877GP UT WOS:000225556200004 PM 15537681 ER PT J AU Galbreath, AD Krasuski, RA Smith, B Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R Freeman, GL AF Galbreath, AD Krasuski, RA Smith, B Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R Freeman, GL TI Long-term healthcare and cost outcomes of disease management in a large, randomized, community-based population with heart failure SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc DE heart failure; cost-benefit analysis; disease management ID HOME-BASED INTERVENTION; ELDERLY PATIENTS; UNPLANNED READMISSIONS; RESOURCE UTILIZATION; PROGRAM; MORTALITY; MULTIDISCIPLINARY; HOSPITALIZATION; TRIAL; EDUCATION AB Background - Because of the prevalence and expense of congestive heart failure (CHF), significant efforts have been made to develop disease management (DM) programs that will improve clinical and financial outcomes. The effectiveness of such programs in a large, heterogeneous population of CHF patients remains unknown. Methods and Results - We randomized 1069 patients (aged 70.9 +/- 10.3 years) with systolic (ejection fraction 35 +/- 9%) or echocardiographically confirmed diastolic heart failure (HF) to assess telephonic DM over an 18-month period. Data were collected at baseline and at 6-month intervals. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. Healthcare utilization was defined after extensive record review, with an attempt to account for all inpatient and outpatient visits, medications, and diagnostic tests. We obtained data on 92% of the patients, from nearly 53 000 health-related encounters. Total cost per patient was defined by adding estimated costs for the observed encounters, excluding the cost of the DM. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that DM patients had a reduced mortality rate (P = 0.037), with DM patients surviving an average of 76 days longer than controls. Subgroup analysis showed that DM had beneficial outcomes in patients with systolic HF (hazard ratio 0.62; P = 0.040), which was more pronounced in NYHA classes III and IV. Although improvements in NYHA class were more likely with DM (P < 0.001), 6-minute walk data from 217 patients in whom data were available at each visit showed no significant benefit from DM (P = 0.08). Total and CHF-related healthcare utilization, including medications, office or emergency department visits, procedures, or hospitalizations, was not decreased by DM. Repeated-measures ANOVA for cost by group showed no significant differences, even in the higher NYHA class groups. Conclusions - Participation in DM resulted in a significant survival benefit, most notably in symptomatic systolic HF patients. Although DM was associated with improved NYHA class, 6-minute walk test results did not improve. Healthcare utilization was not reduced by DM, and it conferred no cost savings. DM in HF results in improved life expectancy but does not improve objective measures of functional capacity and does not reduce cost. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Dis Management Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Altarum Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Tricare SW, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Freeman, GL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Cardiol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM freeman@uthscsa.edu OI Krasuski, Richard/0000-0003-3150-5215 NR 28 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 3 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 23 BP 3518 EP 3526 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000148957.62328.89 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 877GP UT WOS:000225556200005 PM 15531765 ER PT J AU Lamanna, AJ Bank, LC Borowicz, DT AF Lamanna, AJ Bank, LC Borowicz, DT TI Mechanically fastened FRP strengthening of large scale RC bridge T beams SO ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE t beams; frp strengthening; power actuated fasteners ID JOINTS AB A new method has been developed for strengthening reinforced concrete beams for flexure which uses multiple mechanical fasteners to attach a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) strip to the member. This study investigates the behavior of the method on full scale concrete T beams of three different steel reinforcement levels. The beams were strengthened without surface preparation, and the strips were attached with only four man-hours of labor per beam. The strengthened beams resulted in increases of up to 11.7% in the yield moment and up to 27.2% in the moment capacity at a deflection of L/135. The beams exhibited large amounts of ductility, before failure. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. W Point Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Lamanna, AJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM lamanna@tulane.edu NR 15 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU MULTI SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1369-4332 J9 ADV STRUCT ENG JI Adv. Struct. Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 7 IS 6 BP 525 EP 538 DI 10.1260/1369433042863206 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 886MY UT WOS:000226232900006 ER PT J AU Spiller, RJ AF Spiller, RJ TI Eagle against the sun: The American war with Japan SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Spiller, RJ (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 55 IS 6 BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 871XO UT WOS:000225170100167 ER PT J AU Spiller, RJ AF Spiller, RJ TI World War II 1941 to 1945 SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Command & Gen State Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Spiller, RJ (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen State Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 55 IS 6 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 871XO UT WOS:000225170100163 ER PT J AU Spiller, RJ AF Spiller, RJ TI Wartime: Understanding and behavior in the second World War SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Spiller, RJ (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 55 IS 6 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 871XO UT WOS:000225170100166 ER PT J AU Spiller, RJ AF Spiller, RJ TI A world at arms: A global history World War II SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Spiller, RJ (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 55 IS 6 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 871XO UT WOS:000225170100164 ER PT J AU Spiller, RJ AF Spiller, RJ TI Why the allies won SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Spiller, RJ (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 55 IS 6 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 871XO UT WOS:000225170100165 ER PT J AU Spiller, RJ AF Spiller, RJ TI War without mercy: Race & power in the Pacific war SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Spiller, RJ (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 55 IS 6 BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 871XO UT WOS:000225170100168 ER PT J AU Spiller, RJ AF Spiller, RJ TI Decision in Normandy SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Spiller, RJ (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 55 IS 6 BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 871XO UT WOS:000225170100169 ER PT J AU Spiller, RJ AF Spiller, RJ TI With the old breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Spiller, RJ (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 55 IS 6 BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 871XO UT WOS:000225170100170 ER PT J AU Spiller, RJ AF Spiller, RJ TI The 'naked and the dead' SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Spiller, RJ (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 55 IS 6 BP 57 EP 58 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 871XO UT WOS:000225170100172 ER PT J AU Spiller, RJ AF Spiller, RJ TI 'Those who fall' SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Spiller, RJ (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 55 IS 6 BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 871XO UT WOS:000225170100171 ER PT J AU Spiller, RJ AF Spiller, RJ TI The making of the atomic bomb SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Spiller, RJ (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 55 IS 6 BP 58 EP 58 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 871XO UT WOS:000225170100173 ER PT J AU Nalesnik, JG Sabanegh, ES Eng, TY Buchholz, TA AF Nalesnik, JG Sabanegh, ES Eng, TY Buchholz, TA TI Fertility in men after treatment for stage 1 and 2A seminoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE seminoma; radiotherapy; fertility; spermatogenesis ID TESTICULAR CANCER; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; RADIOTHERAPY; THERAPY AB The purpose of this article is to assess the long-term fertility and attitudes towards fecundity in men after radical inguinal orchiectomy and radiation therapy (RT) for seminoma, and also to assess how often sperm cryopreservation is being offered to patients with seminoma prior to treatment. A retrospective review was conducted at 3 institutions (Wilford Hall Air Force Medical Center, Brooke Army Medical Center, and Fitzsimmons Army Medical Center) to identify patients who had undergone treatment of stage 1 or 2A seminoma during the period from 1975 to 1997. Seventy-three of 212 (34%) patients meeting the selection criteria of stage 1 or 2A seminoma provided information for this analysis. This was thought to be a good response rate, given that many of the patients had changed duty stations or had separated from the military by the time this study started. We performed a review of RT and tumor board records of 73 patients who were treated for testicular seminoma at selected treatment facilities from 1975 to 1997. Patients completed questionnaires and phone interviews that focused on prior fertility, the desire to father (more) children, other fertility-affecting factors (varicocele, cryptorchidism, infection, and erectile dysfunction), and incidence of physician counseling with regard to cryopreservation. All patients were asked to obtain a current semen analysis (SA). Eleven (15%) patients reported that they had tried to father children since completion of their RT. Seven of 11 (64%) successfully achieved pregnancy within a mean time of 3.5 years since RT (range: 1 month to 5 years). Of the 4 couples that were not successful, 1 had severe female factor infertility problems and a second had organic erectile dysfunction. A third had a past surgical history remarkable for vasectomy with subsequent vasectomy reversal. Nine patients provided SA. Mean sperm count and motility were 24.2 Mil/mL (range: 5-81 Mil/mL) and 63.1% (range: 30-90%), respectively (normal SA values: count = 20-250 Mil/mL, motility >50%, and volume = 1.5-5.0 mL). No patients were azoospermic. Overall mean time interval from radiation therapy was 7.9 years. Radiation dose and time since RT did not correlate with either SA results or conception. Only 16 of 73 (22%) men had been offered pretreatment sperm cryopreservation by their counseling physician. It is concluded that (1) patients who are treated for early stage seminoma by orchiectomy and RT have greater than a 50% chance of regaining normal semen parameters, and all regain at least some spermatogenesis; 2) recovery of spermatogenesis is not related to therapeutic radiation dose with the use of modern shielding and RT portals; (3) the majority of treated patients who desire children can conceive; and (4) sperm cryopreservation remains an underutilized option for seminoma patients. C1 UTHSCSA, Dept Radiat Oncol, Canc Therapy Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Eng, TY (reprint author), UTHSCSA, Dept Radiat Oncol, Canc Therapy Res Ctr, 7979 Wurzbach Rd, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. EM tyeng@pol.net NR 13 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3732 J9 AM J CLIN ONCOL-CANC JI Am. J. Clin. Oncol.-Cancer Clin. Trials PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 6 BP 584 EP 588 DI 10.1097/01.coc.0000135736.18493.dd PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 878SD UT WOS:000225666200008 PM 15577436 ER PT J AU Lawitz, EJ Hepburn, MJ Casey, TJ AF Lawitz, EJ Hepburn, MJ Casey, TJ TI A pilot study of interleukin-11 in subjects with chronic hepatitis C and advanced liver disease nonresponsive to antiviral therapy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-11; INTERFERON-ALPHA-2B PLUS RIBAVIRIN; CHRONIC HCV INFECTION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; VIRUS-INFECTION; INITIAL TREATMENT; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; NATURAL-HISTORY; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; CHEMOTHERAPY AB OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of recombinant human interleukin (rhIL)-11 on liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and advanced liver disease who had failed antiviral therapy. METHODS: This was an open-label study of rhIL-11 (Neumega(R), Wyeth Laboratories, Collegeville, PA) at a dose of 5 mug/kg administered by subcutaneous injection daily for 12 wk. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in the Knodell Histology Activity Index (HAI) between pre- and posttreatment liver biopsies. Secondary efficacy endpoints included changes in plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) concentrations and in the number of platelets. RESULTS: The Knodell HAI improved in 11 (55%) of the 20 subjects enrolled, with the mean score improving from 7.3 to 5.9 (p = 0.006). Eight subjects (40%) experienced significant improvement as defined by a decrease of at least two points in the HAI. IL-11 treatment was also associated with a decrease in ALT levels from a mean level of 113 IU/L at baseline to 65 IU/L at week 12 (p < 0.001). Platelet levels increased from a mean of 143 X 10(3)/mul at baseline to 198 x 10(3)/mul at week 12 of treatment (p < 0.001). Overall, rhIL-11 was well tolerated and no serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. The most common AE was edema of the lower extremities, which occurred in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this pilot study suggest that rhIL-11 may be beneficial for patients with hepatic inflammation and advanced liver disease associated with chronic HCV infection. Larger clinical trials are warranted to further evaluate the long-term antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects of rhIL-11. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Gastroenterol, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Lawitz, EJ (reprint author), CCRI Alamo Med Res, 612 Camden,Suite 202, San Antonio, TX 78215 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 99 IS 12 BP 2359 EP 2364 DI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.40047.x PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 878DU UT WOS:000225627500015 PM 15571583 ER PT J AU Hoeldtke, NJ AF Hoeldtke, NJ TI Mortality after induced abortion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PREGNANCY; FINLAND C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Hoeldtke, NJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM nathan.hoeldtke@amedd.army.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 191 IS 6 BP 2182 EP 2182 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.07.047 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 882FZ UT WOS:000225925800058 PM 15592320 ER PT J AU Napolitano, P Terry, M Wright, J Howard, B Shields, A Paonessa, D Hoeldike, N AF Napolitano, P Terry, M Wright, J Howard, B Shields, A Paonessa, D Hoeldike, N TI Are interleukin-18 cord plasma levels elevated in term patients at delivery with preeclampsia? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY FEB 09-12, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 191 IS 6 SU S MA 497 BP S142 EP S142 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.399 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 882FW UT WOS:000225925500491 ER PT J AU Napolitano, P Wakefield, C Elliott, D Deering, S Shields, A AF Napolitano, P Wakefield, C Elliott, D Deering, S Shields, A TI Umbilical cord plasma homocysteine concentrations are elevated at delivery in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY FEB 09-12, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med C1 USA, Madigan Med Ctr, Dept OBGYN, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Tacoma, WA USA. USA, Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept OBGYN, Honolulu, HI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 191 IS 6 SU S MA 110 BP S41 EP S41 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.015 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 882FW UT WOS:000225925500112 ER PT J AU Shields, A Wright, J McNutt, P Gotkin, J Paonessa, D Howard, B Hoeldtke, N Napolitano, P AF Shields, A Wright, J McNutt, P Gotkin, J Paonessa, D Howard, B Hoeldtke, N Napolitano, P TI Progesterone modulation of inflammatory cytokine production in fetoplacental arteries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY FEB 09-12, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. OI Shields, Andrea/0000-0002-6729-503X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 191 IS 6 SU S MA 562 BP S160 EP S160 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.464 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 882FW UT WOS:000225925500556 ER PT J AU Pickhardt, PJ Choi, JR Nugent, PA Schindler, WR AF Pickhardt, PJ Choi, JR Nugent, PA Schindler, WR TI The effect of diagnostic confidence on the probability of optical colonoscopic confirmation of potential polyps detected on CT colonography: Prospective assessment in 1,339 asymptomatic adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLORECTAL POLYPS; UNRESECTED POLYPS; SURVEILLANCE; GROWTH AB OBJECTIVE. We sought to evaluate the effect of interpreter confidence on the likelihood that a lesion detected on CT colonography (CTC) will correspond to a matched polyp seen on optical colonoscopy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Same-day CTC and optical colonoscopy were performed on 1,339 asymptomatic adults. A standard matching algorithm for polyp size and location was used. For each potential polyp detected on CTC, the level of diagnostic confidence was prospectively rated on a 3-point scale (1, least certain; 2, intermediate; and 3, most certain). RESULTS. For CTC-detected lesions 6 mm or larger, diagnostic confidence levels of 1, 2, and 3 corresponded to matched polyps on optical colonoscopy in 33.3% (45/135), 50.0% (103/206), and 66.8% (157/235) of cases, respectively (p<0.01). Similar trends were present for categories of lesions that measured 6-7 mm, 8-9 mm, and 10 mm or larger, rising to a match rate of 82.1% (55/67) for lesions 10 mm or larger that were diagnosed with a level-3 confidence rating. The likelihood that a matched polyp was adenomatous increased with greater levels of diagnostic confidence. Of note, level-3 confidence for lesions measuring 8-9 mm on CTC more often yielded a matching neoplasm on optical colonoscopy than level-1 or level-2 confidence for lesions measuring 10 mm or larger (60.3% [35/58] vs 20.8% [10/48]; p<0.0001). CONCLUSION. Greater diagnostic confidence for an individual lesion detected on CTC correlates with a significantly increased likelihood that a matching polyp will be found on optical colonoscopy and that this matched polyp will be neoplastic. Although polyp size represents the primary criterion for CTC screening algorithms, this data could help guide the decision to opt for noninvasive CTC surveillance versus optical colonoscopy for polypectomy. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Ctr Clin Sci, Madison, WI 53792 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Pickhardt, PJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Ctr Clin Sci, E3-311,600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 183 IS 6 BP 1661 EP 1665 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 873KB UT WOS:000225277400022 PM 15547207 ER PT J AU Dinauer, PA Murphy, KP Carroll, JF AF Dinauer, PA Murphy, KP Carroll, JF TI Sublabral sulcus at the posteroinferior acetabulum: A potential pitfall in MR arthrography diagnosis of acetabular labral tears SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARTHROSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS; ASYMPTOMATIC HIPS; GLENOID LABRUM; ANATOMY; PAIN; DYSPLASIA; PATHOLOGY; CADAVERS; LESIONS AB OBJECTIVE. Our study correlated findings on hip MRI and MR arthrography with hip arthroscopy to assess the location, prevalence, and potential pitfall of a normal acetabular sublabral sulcus. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively collected 58 hip MRI studies along with surgical reports in 58 patients who underwent hip arthroscopy over a 5-year period. Intraoperative photography (n = 23), radiography (n = 56), unenhanced MRI (n = 13), and MR arthrography (n = 54) studies were available for review. Two radiologists described hip anatomy on radiology studies with agreement by consensus. RESULTS. A normal posteroinferior sublabral groove was confirmed on available arthroscopy photographs in four (17.4%) of 23 hips. In each of these four patients, the anatomic sublabral groove correlated with apparent partial labral detachment on MR arthrography. On review of all studies, 13 hips (22.4%) without a posterior labral tear at surgery had imaging findings of a sublabral sulcus. The sulcus was not associated with acetabular dysplasia, which was radiographically noted in 12 cases (21.4%). Preoperatively, the sulcus was misdiagnosed as a tear in two cases. Labral tears were anterior or anterosuperior in 51 patients. CONCLUSION. A posteroinferior sublabral groove is a relatively common normal anatomic hip variation. If not recognized as normal, the sulcus may serve as a diagnostic pitfall on MR arthrography. Its location is distinct from most labral tears. We did not discover a sublabral sulcus at the anterior or anterosuperior acetabulum, the most common sites of labral injury. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Dinauer, PA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 6900 Georgia Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM phil.dinauer@us.army.mil NR 34 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 183 IS 6 BP 1745 EP 1753 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 873KB UT WOS:000225277400037 PM 15547222 ER PT J AU Walker, KR Bui-Mansfield, LT Gering, SA Ranlett, RD AF Walker, KR Bui-Mansfield, LT Gering, SA Ranlett, RD TI Collagenous fibroma (desmoplastic fibroblastoma) of the shoulder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Radiol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Bui-Mansfield, LT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM liem_mansfield@hotmail.com NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 183 IS 6 BP 1766 EP 1766 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 873KB UT WOS:000225277400040 PM 15547225 ER PT J AU McDevitt, ER Taylor, DC Miller, MD Gerber, JP Ziemke, G Hinkin, D Uhorchak, JM Arciero, RA Pierre, PS AF McDevitt, ER Taylor, DC Miller, MD Gerber, JP Ziemke, G Hinkin, D Uhorchak, JM Arciero, RA Pierre, PS TI Functional bracing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - A prospective, randomized, multicenter study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE functional bracing; anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); knee braces; postoperative bracing; knee reconstruction ID KNEE-BRACES; REHABILITATION; FIXATION; GRAFT AB Background: Bracing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is expensive and is not proven to prevent injuries or influence outcomes. Purpose: To determine whether postoperative functional knee bracing influences outcomes. Study Design: Prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Methods: One hundred volunteers from the 3 US service academies with acute anterior cruciate ligament tears were randomized into braced or nonbraced groups. Only those subjects with anterior cruciate ligament tears treated surgically within the first 8 weeks of injury were included. Patients with chondral injuries, significant meniscal tears, or multiple knee ligament injuries were excluded. Surgical procedures and the postoperative physical therapy protocols were identical for both groups. The braced group was instructed to wear an off-the-shelf functional knee brace for all cutting, pivoting, or jumping activities for the first year after surgery. Results: Ninety-five subjects were available with a minimum 2-year follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in knee stability, functional testing with the single-legged hop test, International Knee Documentation Committee scores, Lysholm scores, knee range of motion, or isokinetic strength testing. Two braced subjects had reinjuries, and 3 nonbraced subjects had reinjuries. Conclusions: In this young, active population, postoperative bracing does not appear to change the clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. C1 USN Acad, Dept Orthopaed, Annapolis, MD USA. USN Acad, Dept Sports Med, Annapolis, MD USA. USN Acad, Phys Therapy Dept, Annapolis, MD USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Taylor, DC (reprint author), Keller Army Community Hosp, Orthopaed Serv, 900 Washington Rd, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM dean.taylor@na.amedd.army.mil NR 16 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1887 EP 1892 DI 10.1177/0363546504265998 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 874WJ UT WOS:000225380900013 PM 15572317 ER PT J AU Dunn, WR Lyman, S Lincoln, AE Amoroso, PJ Wickiewicz, T Marx, RG AF Dunn, WR Lyman, S Lincoln, AE Amoroso, PJ Wickiewicz, T Marx, RG TI The effect of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on the risk of knee reinjury SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adult; anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); injury; reinjury; reoperation; military; outcome study ID PATELLAR TENDON; FOLLOW-UP; DEFICIENT KNEE; NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; MENISCAL LESIONS; NATURAL-HISTORY; MEDIAL MENISCUS; TEARS; INJURIES AB Background: Although there is evidence that very active, young patients are better served with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, there is a lack of objective data demonstrating that future knee injury is prevented by these procedures. Hypothesis: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction protects against reinjury of the knee that would require reoperation. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: A cohort of 6576 active-duty army personnel who had been hospitalized for anterior cruciate ligament injury from 1990 to 1996 were identified. Using the Total Army Injury and Health Outcomes Database, the authors followed these individuals for up to 9 years and collected clinical, demographic, and occupational data. These data were evaluated with bivariate and multivariable analyses to determine the effect of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on the rate of knee reinjury that required operation. Results: Of the 6576 study subjects, 3795 subjects (58%) underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and 2781 (42%) did not. The rate of reoperation was significantly lower among the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction group (4.90/100 person-years) compared with those treated conservatively (13.86/100 person-years; P < .0001). Proportional hazard regression analyses adjusted for age, race, sex, marital status, education, and physical activity level confirmed that anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was protective against meniscal and cartilage reinjury (P < .0001). Secondary medial meniscal injury was more common than secondary lateral meniscal injury (P < .003). Younger age was the strongest predictor of failure of conservative management leading to late anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (P < .0001). Conclusions: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction protected against reoperation in this young, active population; younger subjects were more likely to require late anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clinical Relevance: Strong consideration should be given to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after anterior cruciate ligament injury in young, active individuals. C1 Hosp Special Surg, Sports Med & Shoulder Serv, New York, NY 10021 USA. Hosp Special Surg, Foster Ctr Clin Outcome Res, New York, NY 10021 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, War Related Illness & Injury Study Ctr, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC 20422 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Marx, RG (reprint author), Hosp Special Surg, Sports Med & Shoulder Serv, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM marxr@hss.edu NR 56 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1906 EP 1914 DI 10.1177/0363546504265006 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 874WJ UT WOS:000225380900016 PM 15572320 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Lentine, KL Bucci, JR Agodoa, LY Peters, TG Schnitzler, MA AF Abbott, KC Lentine, KL Bucci, JR Agodoa, LY Peters, TG Schnitzler, MA TI The impact of transplantation with deceased donor hepatitis C-positive kidneys on survival in wait-listed long-term dialysis patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE black; deceased donor; dialysis; donor; elderly; end-stage renal disease; expanded criteria donor; hepatitis C; kidney transplant; survival; USRDS; wait list ID RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; VIRUS-INFECTION; PREVALENCE; RECIPIENTS AB Whether transplantation of deceased donor kidney allografts from donors with antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) confers a survival advantage compared with remaining on the kidney transplant waiting list is not yet known. We studied 38,270 USRDS Medicare beneficiaries awaiting kidney transplantation who presented with end-stage renal disease from April 1, 1995 to July 31, 2000. Cox regression was used to compare the adjusted hazard ratios for death among recipients of kidneys from deceased donors, and donors with antibodies against hepatitis C (DHCV+), controlling for demographics and comorbidities. In comparison to staying on the waiting list, transplantation from DHCV+ was associated with improved survival among all patients (adjusted hazard ratio for death 0.76, 95% CI 0.60, 0.96). Of patients receiving DHCV+ kidneys, 52% were themselves hepatitis C antibody positive (HCV), so outcomes associated with use of these grafts may have particular implications for HCV transplant candidates. Recommendations for use of DHCV+ kidneys may require analysis of data not currently collected from either dialysis or transplant patients. However, transplantation of DHCV+ kidneys is associated with improved patient survival compared to remaining wait-listed and dialysis dependent. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Serv Nephrol, St Louis, MO USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr Jacksonville, Dept Surg, Jacksonville, FL 32209 USA. Jacksonville Transplant Ctr Shands, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM kevin.abbott@na.amedd.army.mil OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [K25-DK-02916-01] NR 11 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2032 EP 2037 DI 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00606.x PG 6 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 876HM UT WOS:000225487400016 PM 15575906 ER PT J AU Noedl, H Attlmayr, B Wernsdorfer, WH Kollaritsch, H Miller, RS AF Noedl, H Attlmayr, B Wernsdorfer, WH Kollaritsch, H Miller, RS TI A histidine-rich protein 2-based malaria drug sensitivity assay for field use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO CULTURE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE; INVITRO AB With the spread of antimalarial drug resistance, simple and reliable tools for the assessment of antimalarial drug resistance, particularly in endemic regions and under field conditions, have become more important than ever before. We therefore developed a histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2)-based drug sensitivity assay for testing of fresh isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in the field. In contrast to the HRP2 laboratory assay, the field assay uses a procedure that further simplifies the handling and culturing of malaria parasites by omitting centrifugation, washing, the use of serum, and dilution with uninfected red blood cells. A total of 40 fresh Plasmodium falciparum isolates were successfully tested for their susceptibility to dihydroartemisinin, mefloquine, quinine, and chloroquine (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 3.43, 61.89, 326.75, and 185.31 nM, respectively). Results very closely matched those obtained with a modified World Health Organization schizont maturation assay (R-2 = 0.96, P < 0.001; mean log difference at IC50 = 0.054). C1 Univ Vienna, Vienna Med Sch, Inst Pathophysiol, Dept Specif Prophylaxis & Trop Med, A-1095 Vienna, Austria. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, USA Med Component, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Noedl, H (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Vienna Med Sch, Inst Pathophysiol, Dept Specif Prophylaxis & Trop Med, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Vienna, Austria. EM harald.noedl@univie.ac.at OI Kollaritsch, Herwig/0000-0001-6393-516X NR 14 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 71 IS 6 BP 711 EP 714 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 884ZN UT WOS:000226125300004 PM 15642959 ER PT J AU Li, QG Lugt, CB Looareesuwan, S Krudsood, S Wilairatana, P Vannaphan, S Chalearmrult, K Milhous, WK AF Li, QG Lugt, CB Looareesuwan, S Krudsood, S Wilairatana, P Vannaphan, S Chalearmrult, K Milhous, WK TI Pharmacokinetic investigation on the therapeutic potential of artemotil (beta-arteether) in Thai patients with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID OPEN RANDOMIZED TRIAL; CEREBRAL MALARIA; METABOLITE DIHYDROARTEMISININ; AFRICAN CHILDREN; ORAL ARTEMETHER; IN-VITRO; EFFICACY; ARTEMISININ; PLASMA; QUININE AB Pharmacokinetic data were obtained to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Artemotil (beta-arteether) in 56 Thai patients with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Intramuscular administration was given at 1) a low dose of 3.2 mg/kg on day 0 and 1.6 mg/kg/day on days 1-4 and 2) a high dose of 4.8 mg/kg on day 0 at 0 hours, 1.6 mg/kg at 6 hours, and 1.6 mg/kg/day on days 1-4. Cmax values of 63.7 ng/mL at 6.1 hours and 140.8 ng/mL at 5.7 hours were reached in low-dose and high-dose patients, respectively. Drug concentrations decreased slowly with half-lives of 12.5-22.4 hours on day 0 and 31.6-40.7 hours on day 4 for both dosage regimens: Although the maintaining dosage on the last day was much lower than the loading dose on day 0, the area under the curve (AUC) and Cmax on day 4 were significantly increased (2.85-4.55 fold), suggesting drug accumulation in the blood. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), an active metabolite of Artemotil, was detected in most patients. The mean ratios of DHA and Artemotil were 0.16-0.19 in both dosage regimens for the entire study period. Similar to previous reports, all patients showed a slow response to treatment with mean values of 77.2 hours for the fever clearance time (FCT) and 75.8 hours for the parasite clearance time (PCT) (low dose) and 70.1 hours for the FCT and 64.4 hours for the PCT (high dose). Interestingly, a very rapid response to the treatment was exhibited in patient 151, with an FCT of 4 hours and a PCT of 36 hours, with different pharmacokinetic data from others on day 0. The patient had a very high Cmax (2,407 ng/mL) and AUC (12,259 ng.hr/mL) values without an intramuscular absorption phase on the first day. These values were approximately 21.9 (Cmax) and 2.6 (AUC) times higher than in other patients; this patient may have been to be injected through a vessel at first dosing. In conclusion, the patients treated with the high dosage regimen had higher AUC values and higher antimalarial efficiency (cure rate = 48%) than the low-dose subjects (cure rate = 23%). Despite the high accumulation and longer exposure time (9-11 days) when compared with other artemisinin agents, due to the slow prolonged absorption of Artemotil from injection sites, the two dosage regimens did not show a better therapeutic effects than other artemisinin drugs, including alpha/beta-arteether dissolved in peanut oil used in Indian patients. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. ARTECEF BV, Maarssen, Netherlands. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Hosp Trop Dis, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. RP Li, QG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM qigui.li@na.amedd.army.mil NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 71 IS 6 BP 723 EP 731 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 884ZN UT WOS:000226125300006 PM 15642961 ER PT J AU Cohen, SP Chang, AS Larkin, T Mao, JR AF Cohen, SP Chang, AS Larkin, T Mao, JR TI The intravenous ketamine test: A predictive response tool for oral dextromethorphan treatment in neuropathic pain SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA; POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; DIABETIC NEUROPATHY; DORSAL-HORN; RAT; ANTINOCICEPTION; DEXTRORPHAN; LIDOCAINE; EFFICACY; MORPHINE AB TV infusion tests performed to predict subsequent response to oral analgesics are an increasingly popular method used to enhance medical care and conserve resources. Because no infusion test is completely accurate, the potential benefits of these tests Must be weighed against the frustration and waste in resources encountered with false-positive results, and the failure to use a potentially beneficial treatment with false-negative results. In recent years, drugs that act antagonistically at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors have been shown to be valuable adjuncts in the treatment of pain. To determine the predictive value of small-dose (0.1 mg/kg) IV ketamine on an oral dextromethorphan (DX) treatment regimen, we analyzed the analgesic response to these drugs in 25 patients at 2 tertiary care military treatment facilities, institutions at which DX is not readily accessible. When greater than or equal to50% response for both drugs was used as the outcome measure for success, the positive predictive value of the ketamine test was 64%, the negative predictive value 73%, and the observed agreement 68%. However, when greater than or equal to67% relief with ketamine was used as an outcome measure (as determined by a receiver operating characteristic curve), the positive predictive value was 90%, the negative predictive value 80%, and the observed agreement increased to 84%. Based on these results, we conclude that an IV ketamine test may be useful in predicting response to oral DX. More research is needed to determine the ideal candidates for such a test, and the optimal dose and cutoff value for the response to ketamine. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Pain Management Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Pain Managment Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Landstuhl Reg Army Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia & Crit Care, Boston, MA USA. RP Cohen, SP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Pain Management Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, 550 N Broadway,Suite 301, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM scohen@jhmi.edu NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1753 EP 1759 DI 10.1213/01.ANE.0000136953.11583.7B PG 7 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 874HN UT WOS:000225341600032 PM 15562066 ER PT J AU Mikita, C Truesdell, A Katial, RK AF Mikita, C Truesdell, A Katial, RK TI A 48-year-old woman with red eyes and a rash SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY SYPHILIS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Div Allergy & Immunol, Denver, CO USA. RP Mikita, C (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Cecilia.mikita@na.amedd.army.mil NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 93 IS 6 BP 526 EP 531 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 879WN UT WOS:000225750000005 PM 15609760 ER PT J AU de Bono, JS Rha, SY Stephenson, J Schultes, BC Monroe, P Eckhardt, GS Hammond, LA Whiteside, TL Nicodemus, CF Cermak, JM Rowinsky, EK Tolcher, AW AF de Bono, JS Rha, SY Stephenson, J Schultes, BC Monroe, P Eckhardt, GS Hammond, LA Whiteside, TL Nicodemus, CF Cermak, JM Rowinsky, EK Tolcher, AW TI Phase I trial of a murine antibody to MUC1 in patients with metastatic cancer: evidence for the activation of humoral and cellular antitumor immunity SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibody; BrevaRex(@); mAb-AR20.5; MUC1; phase I trial ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; DENDRITIC CELLS; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; ELISPOT ASSAY; RESPONSES; VACCINE; EXPRESSION; GENERATION; INDUCTION; COMPLEX AB Background: BrevaRex(R) mAb-AR20.5 is a murine anti-MUCI monoclonal antibody generated to induce MUCI antigen- specific immune responses through the formation of immune complexes with circulating MUCI and/or MUCI-expressing tumor cells that may target these immune complexes (IC) to receptors on dendritic cells (DCs). Patients and methods: A phase I study focusing on safety and immunology evaluated 1, 2 and 4-mg doses. Seventeen patients with MUCI-positive cancers received intravenous infusions of the antibody over 30 min on weeks 1, 3, 5, 9, 13 and 17 of treatment. Results: mAb-AR20.5 was well-tolerated, not associated with dose-limiting toxicity, and did not induce hypersensitivity reactions. Overall, five of 15 evaluable patients developed human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA), five developed anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) and seven developed anti-MUCI antibodies. Immune responses were most prominent in the 2-mg dose cohort for all parameters tested, and treatment-emergent MUCI-specific T-cell responses were detected in five of 10 evaluable patients treated with mAb-AR20.5. Conclusions: The injection of a murine antibody to MUCI induces MUCI-specific immune responses in advanced cancer patients. Anti-MUCI antibody increases correlated with decrease or stabilization of CA15.3 levels (P=0.03). The 2-mg dose of mAb-AR20.5 showed strongest biological activity, and will be evaluated in future efficacy trials. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Unither Pharmaceut, Wellesley, MA USA. RP de Bono, JS (reprint author), Royal Marsden Hosp, Canc Res Inst, Ctr Canc Therapeut, Downs Rd, Sutton SM2 5PT, Surrey, England. EM jdebono@icr.ac.uk NR 30 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1825 EP 1833 DI 10.1093/annonc/mdh472 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 877IH UT WOS:000225561100014 PM 15550589 ER PT J AU Whitehouse, CA AF Whitehouse, CA TI Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever; tick-borne virus; epidemiology; pathogenesis and treatment of CCHF ID RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTIBODIES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; M-RNA SEGMENT; RECOMBINANT NUCLEOPROTEIN; CLINICAL-FEATURES; VIRUS-STRAINS; DENGUE VIRUS; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION AB Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease caused by the arbovirus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is a member of the Nairovirus genus (family Bunyaviridae). CCHF was first recognized during a large outbreak among agricultural workers in the mid-1940s in the Crimean peninsula. The disease now occurs sporadically throughout much of Africa, Asia, and Europe and results in an approximately 30% fatality rate. After a short incubation period, CCHF is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, chills, severe headache. dizziness, back, and abdominal pains. Additional symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, neuropsychiatric, and cardiovascular changes. In severe cases, hemorrhagic manifestations, ranging from petechiae to large areas of ecchymosis, develop. Numerous genera of ixodid ticks serve both as vector and reservoir for CCHFV; however, ticks in the genus Hyalomma are particularly important to the ecology of this virus. In fact, occurrence of CCHF closely approximates the known world distribution of Hyalomma spp. ticks. Therefore, exposure to these ticks represents a major risk factor for contracting disease; however, other important risk factors are known and are discussed in this review. In recent years, major advances in the molecular detection of CCHFV, particularly the use of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in clinical and tick samples have allowed for both rapid diagnosis of disease and molecular epidemiology studies. Treatment options for CCHF are limited. Immunotherapy and ribavirin have been tried with varying degrees of success during sporadic outbreaks of disease, but no case-controlled trials have been conducted. Consequently, there is currently no antiviral treatment for CCHF approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, renewed interested in CCHFV, as well as increased knowledge of its basic biology, may lead to improved therapies in the future. This article reviews the history, epidemiology, ecology, clinical features. pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of CCHF. In addition, recent advances in the molecular biology of CCHFV are presented, and issues related to its possible use as a bioterrorism agent are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, MRIID, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Whitehouse, CA (reprint author), USA, Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, MRIID, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM chris.whitehouse@amedd.army.mil NR 121 TC 354 Z9 381 U1 3 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 64 IS 3 BP 145 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2004.08.001 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 878DF UT WOS:000225626000001 PM 15550268 ER PT J AU Matsui, GY Ringelberg, DB Lovell, CR AF Matsui, GY Ringelberg, DB Lovell, CR TI Sulfate-reducing bacteria in tubes constructed by the marine infaunal polychaete Diopatra cuprea SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS ANALYSIS; OXYGEN-SULFIDE GRADIENTS; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS; THIOSULFATE TRANSFORMATIONS; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; CYANOBACTERIAL MATS; REDUCTION AB Marine infaunal burrows and tubes greatly enhance solute transport between sediments and the overlying water column and are sites of elevated microbial activity. Biotic and abiotic controls of the compositions and activities of burrow and tube microbial communities are poorly understood. The microbial communities in tubes of the marine infaunal polychaete Diopatria cuprea collected from two different sediment habitats were examined. The bacterial communities in the tubes from a sandy sediment differed from those in the tubes from a muddy sediment. The difference in community structure also extended to the sulfate-reducing bacterial (SRB) assemblage, although it was not as pronounced for this functional group of species. PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences recovered from Diopatra tube SRB by clonal library construction and screening were all related to the family Desulfobacteriaceae. This finding was supported by phospholipid fatty acid analysis and by hybridization of 16S rRNA probes specific for members of the genera Desulfosarcina, Desulfobacter, Desulfobacterium, Desulfobotulus, Desulfococcus, and Desulfiovibrio, and some members of the genera Desulfomonas, Desulfuromonas, and Desulfomicrobium with 16S rRNA gene sequences resolved by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Two of six SRB clones from the clone library were not detected in tubes from the sandy sediment. The habitat in which the D. cuprea tubes were constructed had a strong influence on the tube bacterial community as a whole, as well as on the SRB assemblage. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lovell, CR (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM lovell@biol.sc.edu NR 87 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 12 BP 7053 EP 7065 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.12.7053-7065.2004 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 879LM UT WOS:000225719300015 PM 15574900 ER PT J AU Logue, BA Smith, RW Westall, JC AF Logue, BA Smith, RW Westall, JC TI U(VI) adsorption on natural iron-coated sands: comparison of approaches for modeling adsorption on heterogeneous environmental materials SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; COASTAL-PLAIN; URANIUM; BINDING; TRANSPORT; GOETHITE; SORBENTS; URANYL; ACID AB Adsorption of U(VI) on 6 samples of natural Fe-rich sands from Oyster, VA was studied over a range of U(VI) concentrations (0.1-100 muM), pH values (3-7.6), and dithionite-citrate bicarbonate (DCB) extractable amounts of Fe (3.1-12.3 mumol/g). Four modeling approaches were applied to represent the U(VI) adsorption data. Model I was a two-site, diffuse double layer, surface complexation model based on data for synthetic ferrihydrite [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58 (1994) 5465-5478]. Considering the magnitude of approximations necessary for application of the laboratory-based model to natural sands, Model I was surprisingly accurate, as determined by the goodness of fit parameter, chi(2)/N of 53.1-22.2. Model II was based on the reactions and diffuse double layer treatment of Model I, but was calibrated to a portion of U(VI) adsorption data for each sand, and then used to predict adsorption data for the same sand under different experimental conditions. Model II did not increase the accuracy of the predictions made with Model I, chi(2)/N of 42.4-27.6. Models III and IV were four-site affinity spectrum models, without an explicit electric double layer model or explicit surface hydrolysis reactions. Model III was based on a discrete log K spectrum approach, and Model IV was obtained from adjusting all surface stability constants and site concentrations for all surface sites. Models III and IV represented the U(VI) adsorption data with the greatest accuracy, chi(2)/N ranged from 13.8 to 4.4. Model I provides evidence supporting the practice of using pure phase thermodynamic reaction constants for describing the adsorption characteristics of environmentally important sorbents in certain simple cases. Yet, affinity spectrum approaches (Models III and IV) become increasingly important as more accurate interpolation of adsorption data is necessary, the sorbent becomes increasingly complex, or the range of experimental conditions expands. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Logue, BA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM brian.logue@amedd.army.mil NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1937 EP 1951 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.05.010 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 878DJ UT WOS:000225626400004 ER PT J AU Jan, YL Tsai, SC Cheng, HP Hsu, CN AF Jan, YL Tsai, SC Cheng, HP Hsu, CN TI Evaluation of buffer materials by associating engineering and sorption properties SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE buffer material; plastic index; compaction efficiency; sorption; additivity ID WASTE-DISPOSAL VAULT; COMPACTED BENTONITE AB To provide an overall functional evaluation of buffer materials, this study attempted to investigate the relationships among the engineering properties, plastic index (PI), compaction efficiency, sorption properties, and distribution ratio (R-d) for some buffer materials composed of quartz sand and bentonite. Th and U were nuclides of interest, and both synthetic groundwater (GW) and seawater (SW) were used for batch sorption experiments, while the deionized water (DIW) was used for engineering property tests. SW and GW were also used to evaluate the effects on PI. The results show that the maximum dry density was reached when bentonite content was 30% with the same compaction energy by the ASTM D698 method. PI and bentonite content of tested buffer materials consisting of bentonite and quartz sand demonstrated a linearly proportional relationship regardless of the solution used. The following sequence of PIDIW > PIGW > PISW is due to coagulation and flocculation effects. The buffer materials of lower PI value could decrease swelling potential and increase permeability. The Rd observed in GW and SW of U increased linearly with PI measured in DIW, although the R-d of Th remained relatively constant above a PI of 88. From the viewpoints of associated engineering and sorption properties, the buffer materials containing 30-50% bentonite are probably the most favorable choice. Another result shows that U has a better additivity with respect to R-d than Th in both synthetic GW and synthetic SW. These results will allow a determination of more effective buffer material composition, and improved estimates of the overall R-d of the buffer material mixture from the R-d of each mineral component. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Nucl Sci, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Ching Yun Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Jungli 320, Taiwan. Fooyin Univ, Dept Ind Safety & Hyg, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Jan, YL (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Nucl Sci, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. EM yljan@cyu.edu.tw NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1163 EP 1172 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.03.116 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 862OP UT WOS:000224500800006 PM 15388105 ER PT J AU Bullis, C AF Bullis, C TI Foxtrot ridge: A battle remembered. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Bullis, C (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA RUTGERS UNIV, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 303 EP 305 DI 10.1177/0095327X0403000208 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 823HR UT WOS:000221601800007 ER PT J AU Betros, L AF Betros, L TI Eisenhower between the wars: The making of a general and a statesman. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Betros, L (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA RUTGERS UNIV, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 314 EP 316 DI 10.1177/0095327X0403000212 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 823HR UT WOS:000221601800011 ER PT J AU Salmon, JE Giannini, EH Korn, J Manzi, S Merrill, J Neuberger, G Tsokos, G Varga, J AF Salmon, JE Giannini, EH Korn, J Manzi, S Merrill, J Neuberger, G Tsokos, G Varga, J CA Amer Coll Rheumatology TI Summary of the Proceedings of the Institute of Medicine Workshop, Challenges Facing the Clinical Research Enterprise: The Response of Medical Specialty and Clinical Research Societies - How the American college of rheumatology is addressing areas of concern SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article C1 CCHMC, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Hosp Special Surg, New York, NY 10021 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Coll Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Univ Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. RP Giannini, EH (reprint author), CCHMC, 3333 Burnet Ave,ML 4010, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM edward.giannini@cchmc.org NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 50 IS 12 BP 3772 EP 3775 DI 10.1002/art.20797 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 879WP UT WOS:000225750200006 ER PT J AU Muza, SR Rock, PB Zupan, MF Miller, JC Thomas, WR Cymerman, A AF Muza, SR Rock, PB Zupan, MF Miller, JC Thomas, WR Cymerman, A TI Residence at moderate altitude improves ventilatory response to high altitude SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; arterial oxygen saturation; acute mountain sickness ID ACUTE MOUNTAIN-SICKNESS; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; CHRONIC HYPOXIA; GAS-EXCHANGE; ACCLIMATIZATION; EXERCISE; FT AB Background: This study compared the distribution of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) and susceptibility to Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) in moderate altitude residents (MAR) and low altitude residents (LAR) following rapid ascent to 4056 m. Methods: Resting PETCO2 and SaO(2) were measured in 38 subjects residing for > 3 mo near Colorado Springs, CO (MAR group), at 1940 m (USAF Academy), and after similar to1 h at 4056 m on the summit of Pikes Peak, CO, following ascent by car. SaO(2) was also measured at 610-m elevation intervals during the ascent. Of the LAR (50 m) group, 39 subjects were exposed to a similar ascent profile in a hypobaric chamber. Results: At 1940 m the MAR SaO(2) and PETCO2 were 94 +/- 1% ((x) over bar +/- SD) and 33.6 +/- 2.8 mmHg, respectively. At 3048 In and higher, MAR SaO(2) decreased, reaching 86 +/- 2% (p < 0.001) at 4056 m, and PETCO2 (32.1 +/- 4.5 mmHg) decreased (p < 0.05). At 50 In the LAR SaO(2) and PETCO2 were 98 1% and 38.7 +/- 2.7 mmHg, respectively. At 1940 m and higher, LAR SaO(2) decreased (p < 0.001), reaching 82 +/- 5% at 4056 m, and PETCO2 (36.4 +/- 3.5 mmHg) decreased (p < 0.05). Above 2438 m, the MAR SaO(2) was higher (p < 0.001) than the LAR. Only one MAR subject, but nine LAR subjects reported AMS symptoms. Conclusions: Ventilatory acclimatization developed during moderate altitude residence substantially enhances arterial oxygenation during rapid ascents to higher altitudes. Compared with prior studies, the level of ventilatory acclimatization achieved at moderate altitude is similar to residing at 4056 m for approximately 5-9 d. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USAF Acad, Human Performance Lab Human Environm Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Muza, SR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Stephen.muza@us.army.mil NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 75 IS 12 BP 1042 EP 1048 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 876NE UT WOS:000225503000004 PM 15619858 ER PT J AU Xu, XJ Berglund, LG Cheuvront, SN Endrusick, TL Kolka, MA AF Xu, XJ Berglund, LG Cheuvront, SN Endrusick, TL Kolka, MA TI Model of human thermoregulation for intermittent regional cooling SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE liquid cooling garment; personal cooling; heat stress; simulation; thermoregulation; model ID EXERCISE; HEAT; SIMULATION; GARMENTS; SYSTEMS; SUITS AB Introduction: A prospective approach to save energy expenditure for a liquid cooling garment (LCG) system is to provide intermittent regional cooling (IRC) to the human body instead of continuous cooling. in order to gain insight into IRC mechanisms, a mathematical model was developed to simulate thermal interaction between the human and IRC. Methods: Human thermoregulatory responses were simulated by a previously validated six-cylinder mathematical model. Two equations were derived from the energy balance principle to estimate LCG heat removal during ON (coolant circulation) and OFF (no coolant circulation) periods. The heat removal equations were incorporated into the boundary equations of the human model. The augmented model was used to predict human thermal responses under different WC conditions. Results and Conclusions: The model was evaluated against experimental results with IRC in warm environments. The comparison demonstrated that the model predictions of the core temperature and mean skin temperature were reliable within root mean square deviations of +/- 0.10degreesC and +/- 0.44degreesC, respectively. Simulation analysis showed that IRC has the potential to reduce power requirements. Modeling is an effective alternative to predict efficacy when actual responses cannot be attempted. A systematic approach, consisting of manikin measurements, physiological experiments, and mathematical modeling can expedite the research and development of LCG systems. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Xu, XJ (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM xiaojiang.xu@us.army.mil NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 75 IS 12 BP 1065 EP 1069 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 876NE UT WOS:000225503000007 PM 15619861 ER PT J AU Weber, J McManus, A AF Weber, J McManus, A CA Nursing Comm International Soc Bur TI Infection control in burn patients SO BURNS LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; INTENSIVE-CARE; RISK-FACTORS; UNIT; OUTBREAK; METHICILLIN; CHILDREN C1 Shriners Burn Hosp, Boston, MA USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Weber, J (reprint author), Shriners Burn Hosp, Boston, MA USA. EM jweber@partners.org NR 44 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-4179 J9 BURNS JI Burns PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 8 BP A16 EP A24 DI 10.1016/j.burns.2004.08.003 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 878BM UT WOS:000225621500029 PM 15555784 ER PT J AU Somiari, SB Shriver, CD He, J Parikh, K Jordan, R Hooke, J Hu, H Deyarmin, B Lubert, S Malicki, L Heckman, C Somiari, RI AF Somiari, SB Shriver, CD He, J Parikh, K Jordan, R Hooke, J Hu, H Deyarmin, B Lubert, S Malicki, L Heckman, C Somiari, RI TI Global search for chromosomal abnormalities in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast using array-comparative genomic hybridization SO CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; COPY-NUMBER CHANGES; GENETIC ALTERATIONS; HER-2/NEU AMPLIFICATION; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; CDNA MICROARRAYS; CANCER PATIENTS; CELL-LINE; DNA; TISSUE AB Array-comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique for detection of multiple chromosomal abnormalities in genomic DNA samples. Using an a-CCH with 287 probes, we examined 14 cases of breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDCA) that had previously been classified by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) as either human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive (HER2+) or HER2- and analyzed the data by hierarchical, K-means, and principal component analyses. The aim of the study was to identify the genetic abnormalities that are present in breast IDCAs and determine if the global status of 287 cytogenetic locations could be used as a more objective method for breast IDCA classification. Concordance between FISH and a-CGH at the HER2 locus was 78.6% (11/14). In general, a-CGH detected more abnormalities in HER2+ cases. In HER 2+ cases, chromosomes 1, 2,3,7,9, 17, and 20 had more regions that showed statistically significant (P less than or equal to 0.01) changes in DNA copy number. Among all the aberrant cytogenetic locations detected, 20q13, 7p12.3similar top12.1, and 17q23.2similar toq25.3, which contain among others, genes for TNFRSF6B, EGFR, and TKI showed statistically significant gains (P less than or equal to 0.01) in 83, 66.7, and 50% of the HER2+ IDCA cases, respectively. Chromosome location 8q24.12similar toq24.13 was the only region that showed consistent amplification in approximately 50% of the HER2- cases. Unsupervised hierarchical and K-means cluster analyses and principal component analysis using the DNA copy number status of 287 cytogenetic locations or the 177 cytogenctic locations that showed statistically significant differences revealed a cluster consisting of mainly HER2- IDCA cases. Even though this study demonstrates the usefulness of a-CGH in the rapid identification of aberrant DNA regions in tumor samples, we conclude that an array-CGH with more than 287 probes will be needed for a more precise mapping of DNA aberrations at the global level. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Windber Res Inst, Clin Breast Care Project, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. ITSI Biosci, Funct Genomics & Proteom Unit, Johnstown, PA USA. RP Somiari, SB (reprint author), Windber Res Inst, Clin Breast Care Project, 600 Somerset Ave, Windber, PA USA. EM s.somiari@wriwindber.org NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0165-4608 J9 CANCER GENET CYTOGEN JI Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 155 IS 2 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.02.023 PG 11 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity GA 880SY UT WOS:000225810700002 PM 15571796 ER PT J AU Hurst, FP Caravalho, J Wisenbaugh, TW AF Hurst, FP Caravalho, J Wisenbaugh, TW TI Prosthetic mitral vaivuloplasty SO CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article DE balloon dilation; bioprosthesis; mitral valve; mitral valve stenosis ID PERCUTANEOUS BALLOON VALVULOPLASTY; PORCINE BIOPROSTHETIC VALVES; CATHETER; DILATATION AB A 78-year-old man underwent mitral valve replacement with a no. 33 Hancock porcine bioprosthesis for severe mitral regurgitation. Postoperatively, a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed a mean mitral valve gradient (MVG) of 4 mm Hg, a calculated mitral valve area (MVA) of 2.8 cm(2), and no mitral regurgitation. Eighteen months later, he presented to the emergency room with progressive dyspnea. Repeat TTE demonstrated severe mitral stenosis (MVG, 16 mm Hg; MVA, 0.9 cm(2)). The patient was deemed high risk for a repeat valve replacement, and percutaneous valvuloplasty was performed with an Inoue balloon catheter inflated to 26 mm. The patient's symptoms dramatically improved, as did his hemodynamics (MVG, 5 mm Hg; MVA, 1.6 cm(2)). There was no evidence of mitral regurgitation and the successful results were maintained after 10 months of follow-up. Since its introduction in 1987, there have been only nine cases reporting successful balloon valvulotomy in prosthetic mitral valves. While percutaneous valvulotomy is the intervention of choice for native mitral stenosis, it is rarely performed in prosthetic valves, with surgical valve replacement being the treatment of choice. Our case was successful and may suggest a niche to reconsider using the procedure in certain clinical circumstances. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hurst, FP (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, 1 Jarrett White Rd,Tripler AMC, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM frank.hurst@haw.tamc.amedd.army.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1522-1946 J9 CATHETER CARDIO INTE JI Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 63 IS 4 BP 503 EP 506 DI 10.1002/ccd.20224 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 875UN UT WOS:000225447500019 PM 15558754 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG AF Kiang, JG TI Inducible heat shock protein 70 kD and inducible nitric oxide synthase in hemorrhage/resuscitation-induced injury SO CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE inducible HSP-70; iNOS; eNOS; hemorrhage; caspase-3; ATP; KLF6; resuscitation ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; HEMORRHAGE-INDUCED INCREASES; HUMAN EPIDERMOID-A-431 CELLS; REDUCES BRAIN-DAMAGE; COMBAT CASUALTY CARE; HUMAN A-431 CELLS; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; GENE-EXPRESSION; ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATE; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AB Inducible heat shock protein 70 kD (HSP-70i) has been shown to protect cells, tissues, and organs from harmful assaults in in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation is the principal cause of death among trauma patients and soldiers in the battlefield. Although the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood, it has been shown that nitric oxide (NO) overproduction and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) overexpression play important roles in producing injury caused by hemorrhagic shock including increases in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) infiltration to injured tissues and leukotriene B-4 (LTB4) generation. Moreover, transcription factors responsible for iNOS expression are also altered by hemorrhage and resuscitation. It has been evident that either up-regulation of HSP-70i or down-regulation of iNOS can limit tissue injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion or hemorrhage/resuscitation. In our laboratory, geldanamycin, a member of ansamycin family, has been shown to induce HSP-70i overexpression and then subsequently to inhibit iNOS expression, to reduce cellular caspase-3 activity, and to preserve cellular ATP levels. HSP-70i is found to couple to iNOS and its transcription factor. Therefore, the complex formation between HSP-70i and iNOS may be a novel mechanism for protection from hemorrhage/resuscitation-induced injury. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kiang, JG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM JuIiann.Kiang@na.amedd.army.mil NR 80 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY PI SHANGHAI PA SIBS, CAS, 319 YUEYANG ROAD, SHANGHAI, 200031, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-0602 EI 1748-7838 J9 CELL RES JI Cell Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 450 EP 459 DI 10.1038/sj.cr.7290247 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 885KX UT WOS:000226156600002 PM 15625011 ER PT J AU Blakely, JN Corron, NJ AF Blakely, JN Corron, NJ TI Experimental observation of delay-induced radio frequency chaos in a transmission line oscillator SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR FEEDBACK; BISTABLE SYSTEM; LASER-DIODE; DYNAMICS; COMMUNICATION; CIRCUIT AB We report an experimental study of fast chaotic dynamics in a delay dynamical system. The system is an electronic device consisting of a length of coaxial cable terminated on one end with a diode and on the other with a negative resistor. When the negative resistance is large, the system evolves to a steady state. As the negative resistance is decreased, a Hopf bifurcation occurs. By varying the length of the transmission line we observe Hopf frequencies from 7-53 MHz. With the transmission line length fixed, we observe a period doubling route to chaos as the negative resistance is further reduced providing the first experimental confirmation of an existing theoretical model for nonlinear dynamics in transmission line oscillators [Corti , IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst., I: Fundam. Theory Appl. 41, 730 (1994)]. However, other experimental results indicate limitations to this model including an inability to predict the Hopf frequency or to produce realistic continuous wave forms. We extend the model to include finite bandwidth effects present in a real negative resistor. The resulting model is a neutral delay differential equation that provides better agreement with experimental results. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, AMSRD, ARM,WS,ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Blakely, JN (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, AMSRD, ARM,WS,ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. OI Corron, Ned/0000-0002-3232-5024; Blakely, Jonathan/0000-0002-9772-582X NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1035 EP 1041 DI 10.1063/1.1804092 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 874VO UT WOS:000225378600024 PM 15568917 ER PT J AU Gu, ZF Januszkiewicz, AJ AF Gu, ZF Januszkiewicz, AJ TI Effects of brief exposure to hydrogen chloride on breathing pattern in conscious rats. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resp Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM zengfa.gu@na.amedd.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 MA 72 BP 1773 EP 1774 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 881XK UT WOS:000225902600098 ER PT J AU Weina, PJ Neafie, RC Wortmann, G Polhemus, M Aronson, NE AF Weina, PJ Neafie, RC Wortmann, G Polhemus, M Aronson, NE TI Old world leishmaniasis: An emerging infection among deployed US military and civilian workers SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INTRALESIONAL MEGLUMINE ANTIMONIATE; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; DOUBLE-BLIND; PAROMOMYCIN OINTMENT; DIAGNOSIS; EFFICACY; FAILURE; TRIAL; KETOCONAZOLE AB Many veterans of Operation Iraqi Freedom are now returning to the United States after potential exposure to leishmaniasis. In the past year, large numbers of leishmaniasis cases of a magnitude not encountered in the United States since World War II have challenged clinicians in both the military and the civilian sectors. Many Reserve and National Guard troops were deployed to Iraq and are now back in their communities. Hundreds of leishmaniasis cases, which were managed by a few practitioners initially, permitted further appreciation of the epidemiology and diagnostic and treatment options for Old World leishmaniasis. We describe the current situation, with on-the-ground experience, complimented by a literature review, and we provide a practical list of options for the clinician likely to encounter this parasitic infection in the coming months and years. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Leishmania Diagnost Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Leishmaniasis Treatment Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Aronson, NE (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Infect Dis, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM naronson@usuhs.mil RI Weina, Peter/A-2120-2011 NR 39 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1674 EP 1680 DI 10.1086/425747 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JI UT WOS:000227492100020 PM 15578370 ER PT J AU Atluri, SN Han, ZD Rajendran, AM AF Atluri, SN Han, ZD Rajendran, AM TI A new implementation of the meshless finite volume method, through the MLPG "Mixed" approach SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE meshless local Petrov-Galerkin approach (MLPG); finite volume methods; mixed methods; radial basis functions (RBF); and moving least squares (MLS) ID PETROV-GALERKIN MLPG; WEAKLY-SINGULAR TRACTION; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; EQUATIONS AB The Meshless Finite Volume Method (MFVM) is developed for solving elasto-static problems, through a new Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) "Mixed" approach. In this MLPG mixed approach, both the strains as well as displacements are interpolated, at randomly distributed points in the domain, through local meshless interpolation schemes such as the moving least squares(MLS) or radial basis functions(RBF). The nodal values of strains are expressed in terms of the independently interpolated nodal values of displacements, by simply enforcing the strain-displacement relationships directly by collocation at the nodal points. The MLPG local weak form is then written for the equilibrium equations over the local sub-domains, by using the nodal strains as the independent variables. By taking the Heaviside function as the test function, the local domain integration is avoided; this leads to a Meshless Finite Volume Method, which is a counterpart to the mesh-based finite volume method that is popular in computational fluid dynamics. The present approach eliminates the expensive process of directly differentiating the MLS interpolations for displacements in the entire domain, to find the strains, especially in 3D cases. Numerical examples are included to demonstrate the advantages of the present methods: (i) lower-order polynomial basis can be used in the MLS interpolations; (ii) smaller support sizes can be used in the MLPG approach; and (iii) higher accuracies and computational efficiencies are obtained. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Ctr Aerosp Res & Educ, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Atluri, SN (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Ctr Aerosp Res & Educ, 5251 Calif Ave, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. RI Rajendran, Arunachalam/A-1615-2010; Zhu, Ping/F-8618-2010; Atluri, Satya/C-5040-2013 OI Atluri, Satya/0000-0001-6793-9619 NR 19 TC 143 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 7 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI ENCINO PA 4924 BALBOA BLVD, # 488, ENCINO, CA 91316 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 6 IS 6 BP 491 EP 513 PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 882BR UT WOS:000225914000001 ER PT J AU Hughes, SA AF Hughes, SA TI Wave momentum flux parameter: a descriptor for nearshore waves SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE coastal structures; iribarren number; nonlinear waves; solitary waves; wave forces; wave momentum flux; wave parameters ID FOURIER APPROXIMATION METHOD; WATER-WAVES AB A new parameter representing the maximum depth-integrated wave momentum flux occurring over a wave length is proposed for characterizing the wave contribution to nearshore coastal processes on beaches and at coastal structures. This parameter has units of force per unit crest width, and it characterizes flow kinematics in nonbreaking waves at a given depth better than other wave parameters that do not distinguish increased wave nonlinearity. The wave momentum flux parameter can be defined and estimated for periodic and nonperiodic (transient) waves. Thus, it has potential application for correlating to processes responding to different types of waves. This paper derives the wave momentum flux parameter for linear, extended linear, and solitary waves; and it presents an empirical formula estimating the parameter for nonlinear steady waves of permanent form. Guidance is suggested for application to irregular waves. It is anticipated that the wave momentum flux parameter may prove useful for developing improved semiempirical formulas to describe nearshore processes and wave/ structure interactions such as wave runup, overtopping, reflection, transmission, and armor stability. Surf zone processes where waves break as plunging or spilling breakers may not benefit from use of the wave momentum flux parameter because the breaking processes effectively negates the advantage of characterizing the wave nonlinearity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hughes, SA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM steven.a.hughes@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 11-12 BP 1067 EP 1084 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2004.07.025 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 879ZZ UT WOS:000225759400001 ER PT J AU Hughes, SA AF Hughes, SA TI Estimation of wave run-up on smooth, impermeable slopes using the wave momentum flux parameter SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE coastal structures; impermeable slopes; iribarren number; irregular wave run-up; solitary waves; solitary wave ran-up; wave momentum flux; wave ran-up ID BREAKING; BEACH; MODEL AB This paper re-examines existing wave run-up data for regular, irregular and solitary waves on smooth, impermeable plane slopes. A simple physical argument is used to derive a new wave run-up equation in terms of a dimensionless wave parameter representing the maximum, depth-integrated momentum flux in a wave as it reaches the toe of the structure slope. This parameter is a physically relevant descriptor of wave forcing having units of force. The goal of the study was to provide an estimation technique that was as good as existing formulas for breaking wave run-up and better at estimating nonbreaking wave run-up. For irregular waves breaking on the slope, a single formula for the 2% run-up elevation proved sufficient for all slopes in the range 2/3less than or equal totanalphaless than or equal to1/30. A slightly different formula is given for nonbreaking wave run-up. In addition, two new equations for breaking and nonbreaking solitary maximum wave run-up on smooth, impermeable plane slopes are presented in terms of the wave momentum flux parameter for solitary waves. This illustrates the utility of the wave momentum flux parameter for nonperiodic waves. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Res Hydraul Engineer, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hughes, SA (reprint author), USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Res Hydraul Engineer, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Steven.A.Hughes@erdc.usace.anny.mil NR 38 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 11-12 BP 1085 EP 1104 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2004.07.026 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 879ZZ UT WOS:000225759400002 ER PT J AU Haehnel, RB Shoop, SA AF Haehnel, RB Shoop, SA TI A macroscale model for low density snow subjected to rapid loading SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE snow; low density; finite element modeling (FEM); capped Drucker-Prager; plastic constitutive law; snow mechanics ID TIRE-SOIL INTERACTION AB A Capped Drucker-Prager (CDP) model was used to simulate the deformation-load response of a low density (150-250 kg/m(3)) snow being loaded at high strain rates (i.e., strain rates associated with vehicle passage) in the temperature range of -1 to -10 degreesC. The range in the appropriate model parameters was determined from experimental data. The model parameters were refined by running finite-element models of a radially confined uniaxial compression test and a plate sink-age test and comparing these results with laboratory and field experiments of the same. This effort resulted in the development of two sets of model parameters for low density snow, one set that is applicable for weak or "soff'' snow and a second set that is representative of stronger or "hard" (aged or sintered) snow. Together, these models provide a prediction of the upper and lower bound of the macroscale snow response in this density range. Furthermore, the modeled snow compaction density agrees well with measured data. These models were used to simulate a tire rolling through new fallen snow and showed good agreement with the available field data over the same depth and density range. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Dev Lab, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Haehnel, RB (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Dev Lab, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Robert.B.Haehnel@erdc.usacc.army.mil NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 193 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2004.08.001 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 880PW UT WOS:000225802700004 ER PT J AU Schmeisser, ET AF Schmeisser, ET TI Dream of a display that pays attention to the viewer SO CYBERPSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Schmeisser, ET (reprint author), 4300 S Miami Blvd, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM elmar.schmeisser@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1094-9313 J9 CYBERPSYCHOL BEHAV JI CyberPsychol. Behav. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 7 IS 6 BP 607 EP 609 DI 10.1089/cpb.2004.7.607 PG 3 WC Communication; Psychology, Applied SC Communication; Psychology GA 890ZQ UT WOS:000226551100001 PM 15687794 ER PT J AU Rushing, EJ Kaplan, KJ Mena, H Sandberg, GD Koeller, K Bouffard, JP AF Rushing, EJ Kaplan, KJ Mena, H Sandberg, GD Koeller, K Bouffard, JP TI Erdheim-Chester disease of the brain: Cytological features and differential diagnosis of a challenging case SO DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Erdheim-Chester disease; histiocytosis; cytology; immunohistochemistry ID ROSAI-DORFMAN-DISEASE; HISTIOCYTOSIS; INVOLVEMENT; ENTITY AB Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is an uncommon, systemic xanthogranulomatous disorder, with distinct clinicopathological,features, that is rarely expected preoperatively. We describe a case that presented in the brain of a 26-yr-old male patient and clinically, mimicked the appearance of a neoplasm. The final diagnosis was a surprise. In retrospect, the diagnosis was suggested by the intraoperative "squash" preparations, which demonstrated a mixed cellular proliferation of lymphohistiocytic elements and large, multinucleated cells with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant cytoplasm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report detailing the cytopathological features of ECD. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Neuropathol & Ophthalm Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Rushing, EJ (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Neuropathol & Ophthalm Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. EM rushinge@afip.osd.mil NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 8755-1039 J9 DIAGN CYTOPATHOL JI Diagn. Cytopathol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 BP 420 EP 422 DI 10.1002/dc.20161 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology GA 876LB UT WOS:000225497200013 PM 15540182 ER PT J AU Wolfe, ND Prosser, AT Carr, JK Tamoufe, U Mpoudi-Ngole, E Torimiro, JN LeBreton, M McCutchan, FE Birx, DL Burke, DS AF Wolfe, ND Prosser, AT Carr, JK Tamoufe, U Mpoudi-Ngole, E Torimiro, JN LeBreton, M McCutchan, FE Birx, DL Burke, DS TI Exposure to nonhuman primates in rural Cameron SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GORILLA-BERINGEI; WILD CHIMPANZEES; EBOLA-VIRUS; INFECTIONS; TRANSMISSION AB Exposure to nonhuman primates has led to the emergence of important diseases, including Ebola hemorrhagic fever, AIDS, and adult T-cell leukemia. To determine the extent of exposure to nonhuman primates, persons were examined in 17 remote villages in Cameroon that represented three habitats (savanna, gallery forest, and lowland forest). Questionnaire data were collected to assess whether persons kept wild animal pets; hunted and butchered wild game; had experienced bites, scratches, or injuries from live animals-, or had been injured during hunting or butchering. While all villages had substantial exposure to nonhuman primates, higher rates of exposure were seen in lowland forest sites. The study demonstrates that exposure is not limited to small groups of hunters. A high percentage of rural villagers report exposure to nonhuman primate blood and body fluids and risk acquiring infectious diseases. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Cent Africa Program, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Cameroon Program, Yaounde, Cameroon. CREMAR, Army Hlth Res Ctr, Yaounde, Cameroon. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Wolfe, ND (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Cent Africa Program, 624 N Broadway 217, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM nwolfe@jhsph.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [K01 TW000003, K01 TW00003-01] NR 30 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2094 EP 2099 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000006 PM 15663844 ER PT J AU Estrada-Franco, JG Navarro-Lopez, R Freier, JE Cordova, D Clements, T Moncayo, A Kang, WL Gomez-Hernandez, C Rodriguez-Dominguez, G Ludwig, GV Weaver, SC AF Estrada-Franco, JG Navarro-Lopez, R Freier, JE Cordova, D Clements, T Moncayo, A Kang, WL Gomez-Hernandez, C Rodriguez-Dominguez, G Ludwig, GV Weaver, SC TI Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, southern Mexico SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN MEXICO; SUBTYPE-IE; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; AMERICA; EMERGENCE; EPIZOOTICS; ANTIBODIES AB Equine epizootics of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) occurred in the southern Mexican states of Chiapas in 1993 and Oaxaca in 1996. To assess the impact of continuing circulation of VEE virus (VEEV) on human and animal populations, serologic and viral isolation studies were conducted in 2000 to 2001 in Chiapas State. Human serosurveys and risk analyses indicated that long-term endemic transmission of VEEV Occurred among villages with seroprevalence levels of 18% to 75% and that medical personnel had a high risk for VEEV exposure. Seroprevalence in wild animals suggested cotton rats as possible reservoir hosts in the region. Virus isolations from sentinel animals and genetic characterizations of these strains indicated continuing circulation of a subtype IE genotype, which was isolated from equines during the recent VEE outbreaks. These data indicate long-term enzootic and endemic VEEV circulation in the region and continued risk for disease in equines and humans. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Comis Mexico Estados Unidos Prevenc Fiebre Aftosa, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. INIFAP, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Tuxtle Gutierrez, Inst Salud Secretaria Salud Chiapas, Chiapas, Mexico. RP Weaver, SC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM sweaver@utmb.edu RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI25489, AI48807, N01-AI25489, AI39800, R01 AI048807] NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2113 EP 2121 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000009 PM 15663847 ER PT J AU Robinson, P MacDonell, M AF Robinson, P MacDonell, M TI Priorities for mixtures health effects research SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE modeling; risk assessment; PBPK; mixtures interactions; chronic disease; susceptibility; toxicokinetics ID ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN; PRION PROTEIN; MANGANESE; AGGREGATION; INITIATE; DISEASE; COPPER; TSE AB In order to better inform scientific decision making in the occupational environment, we need a better understanding of the toxicology of mixed exposures. In particular, we need an understanding of the dose-response relationship from the level of individual or population exposure down to the molecular level (and then back up again from the molecular level to the specific health-related response of the organism as a whole). Mixtures toxicology is proving to be different from single-chemical toxicology in several fundamental but barely recognized ways: complex chemical mixtures may consist of thousands of (often unidentified) components, each often at very low doses, but together constituting significant exposure levels; exposure is nearly always via multiple routes, pathways; other stressors such as noise, heat, infection, etc., may play a significant role in the overall environmental health response; interactions are potentially many and varied: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions may occur at the same site, or at different sites via complex physiological processes (including defense mechanisms); cumulative effects of different exposures/stresses over time need to be considered (altering the "baseline" susceptibility of the individual). Knowledge gained in mixtures research should be able to improve current risk assessment and mitigation or intervention methods. In NIOSH's National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) three priority areas have been identified: Epidemiology: Improvement of statistical tools to identify mixed effects from available epidemiological data ("confounding factors are mixtures effects"). Awareness of disease states with significant environmental components (Gulf War Syndrome (GWS), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS), etc.). Recognition and investigation of the complexity of disease related responses to multiple (simultaneous and serial) stressors (immune system, endocrine system, nervous system, etc.). Wider emphasis on relatively new concepts such as susceptibility, which links the genetic and environmental components of a disease. Disease itself is of course also a stressor. Laboratory approaches: Methods need to be developed to understand and integrate experimental data from the molecular to the whole organism level for understanding multiple data (proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics/metabonomics) from mixed exposures. Understanding and prediction of precursors to adverse health effects will inevitably lead to identification of useful biomarkers of effect, and to earlier and more effective intervention strategies. We also need to improve our ability to forecast interaction effects from mixed exposures using less costly cellular-based screening tools and computer modeling (e.g. QSAR), and develop improved models for large-scale studies of the nature of chemical interactions that lump responses by chemical classes. Modeling as integrator of data: Development and validation of mechanism-based models and predictive tools are essential for improving current risk assessment processes for mixtures. For example, current linked physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) models for multiple simultaneous exposures to chemicals (such as BTEX) need to be extended to more complex mixtures, and new statistical methods of dealing with possibly thousands of components need to be developed. Ultimately, such models may become an integral part of a model of the "virtual human" via computer simulation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Robinson, P (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, POB 31009, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. EM peter.robinson@wpafb.af.mil NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 SI SI BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.01.014 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 876YB UT WOS:000225533600003 PM 21782750 ER PT J AU Levy, WC Maichel, BA Steele, NP Leclerc, KM Stratton, JR AF Levy, WC Maichel, BA Steele, NP Leclerc, KM Stratton, JR TI Biomechanical efficiency is decreased in heart failure during low-level steady state and maximal ramp exercise SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE LA English DT Article DE heart failure; efficiency; cardiopulmonary exercise testing; oxygen consumption; heart failure symptoms ID GAS-EXCHANGE MEASUREMENTS; OXYGEN-UPTAKE KINETICS; V-HEFT-II; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE; BLOOD-FLOW; DEFICIT; WORK; ABNORMALITIES; CONSUMPTION AB Previous studies of biomechanical efficiency (external work/energy input - Watt/O-2 consumed) in heart failure (HF) using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have had discordant results with increased efficiency by CPET and decreased efficiency by MRS. Aims: Compare biomechanical efficiency of HF subjects and normal controls during steady state (SS = 35 W for 6 min) and ramp cycle ergometer exercise. The hypothesis was that HF subjects would have impaired biomechanical efficiency that correlated with HF symptoms. Methods: Biomechanical efficiency used the actual Vo(2) during exercise and recovery. Gross (Vo(2) above zero), Net (Vo(2) above the resting Vo(2)) and Work (Vo(2) above the unloaded pedaling Vo(2)) efficiencies were calculated. Results: HF subjects had an 18% higher Vo(2) during SS exercise (P= 0.029). Biomechanical efficiency was reduced during SS exercise (gross - 15%, P= 0.019, net - 15%, P= 0.062, and work - 35%, P= 0.002). Gross Efficiency during SS exercise had the strongest correlation with HF symptoms (r = 0.55). During ramp exercise gross ( - 26%), net ( - 10%) and work ( - 8%) biomechanical efficiency were all reduced (all P< 0.05). The slope of the Vo(2)/Watt relationship during ramp exercise had the best correlation with HF symptoms (r= 0.46). Conclusions: HF subjects have an increased O-2 cost/Watt during SS and ramp exercise that correlates with HF symptoms of fatigue and breathlessness. Methods to improve biomechanical efficiency in HF subjects by exercise training or medications may improve the symptoms and the impaired exercise capacity associated with HF. (C) 2004 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Levy, WC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 356422,1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM levywc@u.washington.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [K12 AG00503] NR 33 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-9842 J9 EUR J HEART FAIL JI Eur. J. Heart Fail. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 6 IS 7 BP 917 EP 926 DI 10.1016/j.ejheart.2004.02.010 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 877VU UT WOS:000225603200011 PM 15556054 ER PT J AU Topal, MH Wang, J Levendis, YA Carlson, JB Jordan, J AF Topal, MH Wang, J Levendis, YA Carlson, JB Jordan, J TI PAH and other emissions from burning of JP-8 and diesel fuels in diffusion flames SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE JP-8 fuel; diesel fuel; combustion; pollutants; PAH ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SPARK-IGNITED ENGINE; PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; 2-STAGE COMBUSTION; AVIATION FUEL; POLYSTYRENE; KEROSENE; EXHAUST; TEMPERATURE; EXPOSURE AB Jet fuel JP-8 is of technical interest to the military aviation industry. JP-8 is now the single battlefield fuel for all US Army and Air Force equipment, replacing gasoline altogether and gradually replacing diesel fuel. Hence, emissions from the combustion of this fuel are the subject for this investigation. The emissions from the combustion of JP-8 fuel are examined and are compared to those from diesel fuel No. 2, burned under identical conditions. Combustion occurred inside a laboratory furnace in sooty diffusion flames, under adverse conditions that typically emit large amounts of products of incomplete combustion (PIC). Under such conditions, even compounds that otherwise might appear only in trace amounts were present in sufficient quantities for detection. The study reports on emissions of CO, light volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds with an emphasis on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), particulate emissions, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and oxides of sulfur (SO2). Some PAH compounds are suspected of posing a threat to human health, benzo[a]pyrene being listed as a bio-accumulative toxin by the EPA. An afterburner was also used to examine the effects of longer furnace residence time. Results have demonstrated that PAH emissions from the combustion of diesel fuel were higher than those of JP-8, under most conditions examined. Moreover, as the temperature of the primary furnace was increased, in the range of 600-1000 degreesC, most of the emissions from both fuels increased. Particulate emissions were reduced by the afterburner, which was operated at 1000 degreesC, only when the primary furnace was operated at the lowest temperature (600 degreesC), but that condition increased the CO emissions. Overall, transient combustion of these two fuels, burning in laminar and sooty diffusion flames, did not reveal major differences in the emissions of the following PIC: C1-C4 light aliphatic hydrocarbons, PAH, CO and particulate matter. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Levendis, YA (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM y.levendis@neu.edu NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 2004 VL 83 IS 17-18 BP 2357 EP 2368 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2004.06.007 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 860QN UT WOS:000224358200013 ER PT J AU Zang, M Tamma, KK AF Zang, M Tamma, KK TI Curvilinear lattice in chiral carbon nanotubes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bandgap; carbon nanotubes; curvilinear lattice; distance law ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GRAPHENE TUBULES; MICROTUBULES AB In this paper, the energy bands of chiral-type single-walled carbon nanotubes are studied employing a new curvilinear lattice theory and its reciprocal lattice aided by the spherical triangle theory. In this theory, the notion of a distance law is introduced as a constraint to determine the electronic characteristics of carbon nanotubes. The chiral tubes are proven to be semiconducting or metallic, depending on the diameters and helical angles of the tubes. The distance law also predicts an uncertainty for the electronic characteristics of chiral tubes due to the metallic states tightly surrounding the semiconducting states on the direct lattice, and vice versa. Results predicted by the distance law agree well with theoretical calculations of the electron density of states and published measurements. C1 Univ Minnesota, USA, Ctr High Performance Comp, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RP Zang, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USA, Ctr High Performance Comp, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 425 EP 431 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2004.834166 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 878ON UT WOS:000225656200002 ER PT J AU Williams, JG Jun, I Sallee, WW Cherng, M AF Williams, JG Jun, I Sallee, WW Cherng, M TI Benchmark experiments for space reactor neutron shielding of mission electronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE fission reactors; lithium compounds; Monte Carlo methods; neutron shielding; neutron spectroscopy; radiation effects; radiation transport; space technology ID SPECTRA AB Experiments and calculations simulating the neutron shadow shield for a reactor-powered space vehicle are described, including calculations for a variety of shield configurations and materials, and an experimental benchmark test using a bare fast reactor. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USA, Syst Test & Assessment Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Williams, JG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jgw@engr.arizona.edu; insoo.jun@jpl.nasa.gov; wesley.sallee@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3658 EP 3663 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839251 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300086 ER PT J AU Anantha, RP McVeigh, AL Lee, LH Agnew, MK Cassels, FJ Scott, DA Whittam, TS Savarino, SJ AF Anantha, RP McVeigh, AL Lee, LH Agnew, MK Cassels, FJ Scott, DA Whittam, TS Savarino, SJ TI Evolutionary and functional relationships of colonization factor antigen I and other class 5 adhesive fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CS1 PILI; GENOME SEQUENCE; MAJOR SUBUNIT; PROTEINS; DIARRHEA; HUMANS; GENE; IMMUNOGENICITY; IDENTIFICATION AB Colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) is the archetype of eight genetically related fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) designated class 5 fimbriae. Assembled by the alternate chaperone pathway, these organelles comprise a rigid stalk of polymerized major subunits and an apparently tip-localized minor adhesive subunit. We examined the evolutionary relationships of class 5-specific structural proteins and correlated these with functional properties. We sequenced the gene clusters encoding coli surface antigen 4 (CS4), CS14, CS17, CS19, and putative colonization factor antigen O71 (PCFO71) and analyzed the deduced proteins and the published homologs of CFA/I, CS1, and CS2. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the proteins encoded by each operon define three subclasses, 5a (CFA/I, CS4, and CS14),5b (CS1, CS17, CS19, and PCFO71), and 5c (CS2). These share distant evolutionary relatedness to fimbrial systems of three other genera. Subclass divisions generally correlate with distinguishing in vitro adherence phenotypes of strains bearing the ETEC fimbriae. Phylogenetic comparisons of the individual structural proteins demonstrated greater intrasubclass conservation among the minor subunits than the major subunits. To correlate this with functional attributes, we made antibodies against CFA/I and CS17 whole fimbriae and maltose-binding protein fusions with the amino-terminal half of the corresponding minor subunits. Anti-minor subunit Fab preparations showed hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) of ETEC expressing homologous and intrasubclass heterologous colonization factors while anti-fimbrial Fab fractions showed HAI activity limited to colonization factor-homologous ETEC. These results were corroborated with similar results from the Caco-2 cell adherence assay. Our findings suggest that the minor subunits of class 5 fimbriae may be superior to whole fimbriae in inducing antiadhesive immunity. C1 USN, Enter Dis Dept, Dept Med Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Microbial Evolut Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Savarino, SJ (reprint author), USN, Enter Dis Dept, Dept Med Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM savarinos@nmrc.navy.mil RI Savarino, Stephen/A-8030-2011 NR 58 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 72 IS 12 BP 7190 EP 7201 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.12.7190-7201.2004 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 875WW UT WOS:000225453900050 PM 15557644 ER PT J AU Huang, XZ Lindler, LE AF Huang, XZ Lindler, LE TI The pH 6 antigen is an antiphagocytic factor produced by Yersinia pestis independent of yersinia outer proteins and capsule antigen SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PASTEURELLA-PESTIS; CELLULAR PENETRATION; BACTERIAL ATTACHMENT; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GENOME SEQUENCE; VIRULENCE; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; MACROPHAGES; BINDING; ENTEROCOLITICA AB The pH 6 antigen (pH 6 Ag; PsaA) of Yersinia pestis has been shown to be a virulence factor. In this study, we set out to investigate the possible function of Y. pestis PsaA in a host cell line, RAW264.7 mouse macrophages, in order to better understand the role it might play in virulence. Y. pestis KIM5 derivatives with and without the pCD1 plasmid and their psaA isogenic counterparts and Escherichia coli HB101 and DH5alpha carrying a psaA clone or a vector control were used for macrophage infections. Macrophage-related bacteria and gentamicin-resistant intracellular bacteria generated from plate counting and direct microscopic examinations were used to evaluate these RAW264.7 macrophage infections. Y. pestis psaA isogenic strains did not show any significant difference in their abilities to associate with or bind to mouse macrophage cells. However, expression of psaA appeared to significantly reduce phagocytosis of both Y. pestis and E. coli by mouse macrophages (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that complementation of psaA mutant Y. pestis strains could completely restore the ability of the bacteria to resist phagocytosis. Fluorescence microscopy following differential labeling of intracellular and extracellular Y. pestis revealed that significantly lower numbers of psaA-expressing bacteria were located inside the macrophages. Enhanced phagocytosis resistance was specific for bacteria expressing psaA and did not influence the ability of the macrophages to engulf other bacteria. Our data demonstrate that Y. pestis pH 6 Ag does not enhance adhesion to mouse macrophages but rather promotes resistance to phagocytosis. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Huang, XZ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM xiaozhe.huang@NA.AMEDD.ARMY.MIL NR 40 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 72 IS 12 BP 7212 EP 7219 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.12.7212-7219.2004 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 875WW UT WOS:000225453900052 PM 15557646 ER PT J AU Stuart, D AF Stuart, D TI NATO's angtosphere option - Closing the distance between Mars and Venus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Dickinson Coll, Chair Int Studies, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Stuart, D (reprint author), Dickinson Coll, Chair Int Studies, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN INST INT AFFAIRS PI TORONTO PA 205 RICHMOND STREET WEST, STE 302, TORONTO, ONTARIO M5V 1V3, CANADA SN 0020-7020 J9 INT J JI Int. J. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1 BP 171 EP 187 DI 10.2307/40204026 PG 17 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 904NG UT WOS:000227504400012 ER PT J AU Woll, MM Hueman, MT Ryan, GB Ioannides, CG Henderson, CG Sesterhan, IA Shrivasta, S McLeod, DG Moul, JW Peoples, GE AF Woll, MM Hueman, MT Ryan, GB Ioannides, CG Henderson, CG Sesterhan, IA Shrivasta, S McLeod, DG Moul, JW Peoples, GE TI Preclinical testing of a peptide-based, HER2/neu vaccine for prostate cancer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HER2/neu; prostate cancer; peptide vaccine; E75; CPDR equation; immunohistochemistry ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; METASTATIC BREAST-CANCER; HER-2/NEU ONCOGENE AMPLIFICATION; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; GENE AMPLIFICATION; OVARIAN-CANCER; PHASE-II; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY AB The HER2/neu protein is over-expressed in multiple epithelial tumors and the source of immunogenic peptides currently under investigation in vaccine trials in ovarian and breast cancers. We sought to define the correlation between HER2/neu expression and risk for prostate cancer recurrence and then determine the potential efficacy of anti-HER2/neu vaccination in prostate cancer patients at risk for recurrence. The risk for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence in 95 patients undergoing prostatectomy at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) was calculated and correlated to HER2/neu expression, as determined by immunohistochemical staining. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were then isolated from six consecutive human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A2(+) patients with HER2/neu(+) prostate tumors. These PBL were grown in parallel cultures and stimulated either with no peptide, HER2/neu E75 peptide, or control peptide. The cultures were compared for stimulated proliferation, induced peptide-specific cytotoxicity and tumor-specific cytotoxicity. When assessed by risk group, 69% of the high risk patients' tumors over-expressed HER2/neu compared to 47% of the intermediate risk group (p<0.05). Evaluation of the in vitro immune response of PBL isolated from six consecutive prostate cancer patients revealed a statistically significant increase in E75-stimulated lymphocytic proliferation. E75-stimulated lymphocytes demonstrated an E75-specific cytolytic response in 6/6 prostate cancer patients that increased with successive stimulations. Moreover, these E75-specific lymphocytes also demonstrated tumor-specific lysis against HER2/neu-expressing prostate cancer cell lines. The majority of prostate cancer patients at high risk for recurrence have HER2/neu expressing tumors. Hence, HER2/neu is a viable target for immunotherapeutics such as preventative immunization strategies with HER2/neu peptide vaccines. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gen Surg, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Urol, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. CPDR, Rockville, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Peoples, GE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gen Surg, Dept Surg, Bldg 2,Room 5C27A,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM george.peoples@na.amedd.army.mil NR 67 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS PI ATHENS PA 1, S MERKOURI ST, EDITORIAL OFFICE,, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1769 EP 1780 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 875AJ UT WOS:000225391700033 PM 15547716 ER PT J AU Muir, TW Aspera, AM Rackley, RR Walters, MD AF Muir, TW Aspera, AM Rackley, RR Walters, MD TI Recurrent pelvic organ prolapse in a woman with bladder exstrophy: a case report of surgical management and review of the literature SO INTERNATIONAL UROGYNECOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bladder exstrophy; pelvic organ prolapse; pregnancy; sacral colpopexy therapy ID PREGNANCY; EPISPADIAS; WOMEN; RECONSTRUCTION; GENITALIA AB Management of gynecologic issues in women with bladder exstrophy is challenging. Congenital pelvic organ prolapse and prolapse-associated pregnancy and delivery are common. The management of prolapse is complicated by the anatomic changes involving the bony pelvis, connective tissue support, pelvic floor, and the length and axis of the vagina. A case of recurrent pelvic organ prolapse successfully managed with a sacral colpopexy and a review of the literature are presented. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Muir, TW (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM muirtw@aol.com NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-3462 J9 INT UROGYNECOL J JI Int. Urogynecol. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 15 IS 6 BP 436 EP 438 DI 10.1007/s00192-004-1204-2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology GA 870HW UT WOS:000225049200017 PM 15549265 ER PT J AU Chen, XD O'Neill, K Barrowes, BE Grzegorczyk, TM Kong, JA AF Chen, XD O'Neill, K Barrowes, BE Grzegorczyk, TM Kong, JA TI Application of a spheroidal-mode approach and a differential evolution algorithm for inversion of magneto-quasistatic data in UXO discrimination SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION SCATTERING; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; EXCITATION; TARGETS AB We construct a spheroidal-mode approach for unexploded ordnance (UXO) inversion under time harmonic excitations in the magneto-quasi static regime. Use of spheroidal modes gives us the ability to deal with a variety of objects from elongated needles to flat plates, with better accuracy than the simple dipole models commonly used. The method can also be used for complex objects whose shape cannot be well approximated by spheroidal surfaces. In this case, we define a spheroidal surface surrounding the objects as a computational device for obtaining the object's scattered field in the spheroidal coordinate system. The coefficients obtained in the spheroidal coordinate system are shown to be the characteristics of the object. Stored in a library, they can produce fast and complete forward models for use in pattern matching inversion. For a single spheroidal object reconstruction, a differential evolution optimization algorithm, combined with the spheroidal mode formulation, inverts successfully for the object's size, location, orientation, magnetic permeability and conductivity. For more general objects, the system determines the fitness of a candidate relative to a UXO being sought by comparing measured data with its signature. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Erdc, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP MIT, Elect Res Lab, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 EI 1361-6420 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP S27 EP S40 AR PII S0266-5611(04)78691-8 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/20/6/S03 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 885SU UT WOS:000226178000004 ER PT J AU Kim, KW Korotyeyev, VV Kochelap, VA Klimov, AA Woolard, DL AF Kim, KW Korotyeyev, VV Kochelap, VA Klimov, AA Woolard, DL TI Tunable terahertz-frequency resonances and negative dynamic conductivity of two-dimensional electrons in group-III nitrides SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIT-TIME RESONANCE; PERFORMANCE; GENERATION; MASER; LASER; GAN AB We investigated the terahertz (THz)-frequency resonances of two-dimensional electron conductivity under the streaming transport in a GaN quantum well at the nitrogen temperature. The calculation results found that the negative microwave mobility can occur in the narrow windows near the optical-phonon transit-time resonance frequencies, which can be tuned electrically in the 0.2-2.5 THz range with the static electric fields of 1-10 kV/cm. The estimated magnitude of the negative mobility reaches hundreds of cm(2)/Vs. These effects suggest that the nitride-based heterostructure may enable the development of an electrically pumped, tunable THz source operating at or above 77 K. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Inst Semicond Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. USA, Res Off, Div Elect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kim, KW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6488 EP 6491 DI 10.1063/1.1811388 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800083 ER PT J AU Sokolov, VN Kim, KW Kochelap, VA Woolard, DL AF Sokolov, VN Kim, KW Kochelap, VA Woolard, DL TI Phase-plane analysis and classification of transient regimes for high-field electron transport in nitride semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PHONON-SCATTERING; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; WURTZITE GAN; VELOCITY OVERSHOOT; GALLIUM NITRIDE; HOT-ELECTRON; HETEROSTRUCTURES; DYNAMICS; CONDUCTIVITY; SIMULATION AB We present a detailed theoretical analysis of steady-state, transient time-dependent, and spatially dependent electron transport in the group-III nitrides at high and ultrahigh electric fields. To develop an analytical model, we derive time-dependent differential equations describing the hot-electron rates of momentum and energy relaxation in electron-polar-optical-phonon scattering and analyze them by employing phase-plane analysis. From the structure of the phase-plane partitioning based on the phase trajectories, the transient regimes are investigated and classified depending on various initial conditions. We have studied different subpicosecond regimes and found a considerable velocity overshoot effect. One of our findings is that when the velocity reaches the maximum, the electron temperature is of a moderate magnitude but increases considerably in the subsequent stage. Dynamic regimes with high electron temperature overshoot have been revealed. For the dominant electron-polar-optical-phonon scattering, the observed overshoot can be treated as a rudiment of the runaway effect typical for that mechanism. In nanoscale nitride diodes with space-charge limited transport, the transient processes are extended to sufficiently larger distances, the overshoot is weaker and the electron heating in the region of the peak velocity is greater than that found for time-dependent problem with a constant electric field throughout a homogeneous sample. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Inst Semicond Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. USA, Res Off, Div Elect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sokolov, VN (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM kwk@eos.ncsu.edu NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6492 EP 6503 DI 10.1063/1.1808900 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800084 ER PT J AU Crawley, DB Lawrie, LK Pedersen, CO Winkelmann, FC Witte, MJ Strand, RK Liesen, RJ Buhl, WF Huang, YJ Henninger, RH Glazer, J Fisher, DE Shirey, DB Griffith, BT Ellis, PG Gu, LX AF Crawley, DB Lawrie, LK Pedersen, CO Winkelmann, FC Witte, MJ Strand, RK Liesen, RJ Buhl, WF Huang, YJ Henninger, RH Glazer, J Fisher, DE Shirey, DB Griffith, BT Ellis, PG Gu, LX TI Energyplus: New, capable, and linked SO JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A new building energy simulation program, known as EnergyPlus, was,first released in April 2001. EnergyPlus builds on the capabilities and features of BLAST and DOE-2 and includes many simulation,features, such as variable time steps, configurable modular systems that are integrated with a heat balance-based zone simulation, and input and output data structures tailored to facilitate third party module and interface development - features that have not been available together in a mainstream building energy simulation program. Other simulation capabilities include three thermal comfort models, extensive daylighting and advanced fenestration capabilities, multi-zone airflow modeling, more robust HVAC equipment models, more flexible system modeling, and photovoltaic simulation. Currently, more than 10 private sector companies have stated their intentions to create user interfaces for EnergyPlus. Since EnergyPlus was released in April 2001, more than 20,000 copies have been downloaded, with users in more than 90 countries. C1 US DOE, Off Bldg Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. DHL Consulting, Pagosa Springs, CO USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Bldg Syst Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Simulat Res Grp, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA USA. GARD Analyt, Park Ridge, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Architecture, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Florida Solar Energy Ctr, Cocoa, FL USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Bldg & Thermal Syst, Golden, CO USA. RP Crawley, DB (reprint author), US DOE, Off Bldg Technol, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM Drury.Crawley@ee.doe.gov NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU LOCKE SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI CHICAGO PA 117 WEST HARRISON BLDG SUITE 640-L221, CHICAGO, IL 60605 USA SN 0738-0895 J9 J ARCHIT PLAN RES JI J. Archit. Plan. Res. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 292 EP 302 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA 883RO UT WOS:000226033600003 ER PT J AU Bode, E Hurtle, W Norwood, D AF Bode, E Hurtle, W Norwood, D TI Real-time PCR assay for a unique chromosomal sequence of Bacillus anthracis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-VARIABILITY; GENOMIC SUBTRACTION; CEREUS GROUP; IDENTIFICATION; DNA; THURINGIENSIS; PLASMIDS; FRAGMENT; MARKER; SPORES AB Real-time PCR has become an important method for the rapid identification of Bacillus anthracis since the 2001 anthrax mailings. Most real-time PCR assays for B. anthracis have been developed to detect virulence genes located on the pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids. In contrast, only two published chromosomal targets exist, the rpoB gene and the gyrA gene. In the present study, subtraction-hybridization with a plasmid-cured B. anthracis tester strain and a Bacillus cereus driver was used to find a unique chromosomal sequence. By targeting this region, a real-time assay was developed with the Ruggedized Advanced Pathogen Identification Device. Further testing has revealed that the assay has 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, with a limit of detection of 50 fg of DNA. The results of a search for sequences with homology with the BLAST program demonstrated significant alignment to the recently published B. anthracis Ames strain, while an inquiry for protein sequence similarities indicated homology with an abhydrolase from B. anthracis strain A2012. The importance of this chromosomal assay will be to verify the presence of B. anthracis independently of plasmid occurrence. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Clin Res Management, Hinckley, OH USA. RP Norwood, D (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM David.Norwood@det.amedd.army.mil NR 30 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 42 IS 12 BP 5825 EP 5831 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5825-5831.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 883SK UT WOS:000226035800057 PM 15583318 ER PT J AU Maa, JPY Hobbs, CH Kim, SC Wei, E AF Maa, JPY Hobbs, CH Kim, SC Wei, E TI Potential impacts of sand mining offshore of Maryland and Delaware: Part I - Impacts on physical oceanographic processes SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dredging; wave transformation; tidal current; storm surge; shoreline responses; numerical simulation ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; WATER; TRANSFORMATION; VIRGINIA; EQUATION; MODELS; COAST AB effort to assess the possible changes to physical oceanographic processes that might result from alteration of bathymetry as a result of dredging or sand mining, we evaluated the differences in the output of various numerical models run with the natural and hypothetical post-dredging bottom conditions. Fenwick and Isle of Wight Shoals offshore of the Delaware-Maryland border of the mid-Atlantic continental shelf served as the test site. We considered two dredging scenarios, a one-time removal of 2 x 10(6) m(3) of sand from each of two shoals and a cumulative removal of 24.4 x 10(6) m(3), but only the larger appeared significant. The study of wave transformation processes relied upon a series of runs of the REF/DIF-1 model using sixty wave conditions selected from analysis of the records from a nearby, offshore wave gauge. The model was tuned and calibrated by comparing measured near-shore wave conditions with data calculated using the same measured offshore waves that generated the real near-shore conditions. The modeled, post-dredging data indicated an increase in wave height of up to a factor of two in the area between the dredged shoals and the shore and, in some locations, a lesser increase in breaking wave height and a decrease in breaking wave height modulation. The model results also may help explain the existing pattern of erosion and relative stability. Application of the well-known SLOSH model (Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) for storm surge and POM (Princeton Ocean Model) for tidal currents indicates that the likely dredging related changes in those processes are negligible. C1 Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. USA, Environm Lab, ERDC, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Maa, JPY (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 44 EP 60 DI 10.2112/1551-5036(2004)20[44:PIOSMO]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 808DN UT WOS:000220549900004 ER PT J AU Tucker, W Brigham, L Nelson, F AF Tucker, W Brigham, L Nelson, F TI A new report on permafrost research needs SO JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE-LAYER THICKNESS; KUPARUK RIVER BASIN; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; CARBON STORAGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ALASKA; NORTH; USA; DEGRADATION; REGIONS C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. US Arct Res Commiss, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Tucker, W (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-381X J9 J COLD REG ENG JI J. Cold Reg. Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(2004)18:4(123) PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 871ZS UT WOS:000225175900001 ER PT J AU Nie, GH Roy, S Dutta, PK AF Nie, GH Roy, S Dutta, PK TI Failure in composite materials due to volumetric expansion of freezing moisture SO JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE composite materials; orthotropism; freeze-thaw; material failure; moisture ID STRESS; INCLUSION; PLATES; HOLES; FIELD; THAW AB A model is developed for predicting volumetric expansion induced cracking in orthotropic composite materials due to freezing of trapped moisture in a slender rectangular flaw region. Conformal transformation and the complex function method are used to obtain the stress distribution in the matrix at the interior boundary. The stress field in the rectangular inclusion is derived by solving for two important variables characterizing the expanded equilibrium boundary determined by the principle of minimum strain energy. The compressive stress acting on the long side of the rectangular inclusion acts as a crack driving force., The model is used to predict the occurrence of cracking due to volumetric expansion of ice in a specific composite, EXTREN, that has been observed in experiments. The model can be adapted to predict fatigue life of composites under freeze-thaw conditions. C1 Tongji Univ, Inst Appl Mech, MOE, Key Lab Solid Mech, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USA Corps Engineers, USA Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Nie, GH (reprint author), Tongji Univ, Inst Appl Mech, MOE, Key Lab Solid Mech, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-381X J9 J COLD REG ENG JI J. Cold Reg. Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 135 EP 154 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(2004)18:4(135) PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 871ZS UT WOS:000225175900002 ER PT J AU Cole, DM Dempsey, JP AF Cole, DM Dempsey, JP TI In situ sea ice experiments in McMurdo sound: Cyclic loading, fracture, and acoustic emissions SO JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The breakup of first-year sea ice plays an important role in the dynamics and thermodynamics of polar ice covers. A recent research program has studied the in situ mechanical properties of the annual ice in Antarctica to support the development of physically based models of the breakup process. As part of this effort, two field trips were conducted to McMurdo Sound, and the present paper describes the experimental work and presents selected results. The in situ experiments investigated the constitutive and fracture behavior of edge-notched, square plate specimens of first-year ice and involved a detailed characterization of the physical properties and thermal state of the ice. Acoustic emissions, which are generated by microcracking, were monitored in the crack tip vicinity and provide insight regarding the size of the process zone. The paper describes the physical properties and microstructure of the sheet, the cyclic-loading response, and the acoustic emissions activity from an extensive series of experiments conducted on one of the in situ specimens. Varying the cyclic-loading frequency and amplitude provided a means to examine rate effects on the anelastic and viscous components of strain and the extent of microcracking near the crack tip. The viscous deformation rate estimated from the experiments exhibited an increasing power-law exponent with values between one and three. Acoustic emissions monitoring indicated that microcracking occurred in a process zone near the crack tip, and the size of the process zone increased with decreasing cyclic loading frequency. Practical aspects of the experiments are considered, and the results are put into context with the overall modeling goals of the project. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Cole, DM (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM David.m.Cole@erdc.usace.army.mil; jaempsey@clarkson.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-381X J9 J COLD REG ENG JI J. Cold Reg. Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 155 EP 174 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(2004)18:4(155) PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 871ZS UT WOS:000225175900003 ER PT J AU Lee, MS Salsbury, FR Olson, MA AF Lee, MS Salsbury, FR Olson, MA TI An efficient hybrid explicit/implicit solvent method for biomolecular simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; hydration; generalized Born theory; multigrid; electrostatics ID CHARGING FREE-ENERGIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; REACTION FIELD; MONTE-CARLO; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; CHEMICAL PROCESSES; HYDRATION SHELL; PROTEIN AB We present a new hybrid explicit/implicit solvent method for dynamics simulations of macromolecular systems. The method models explicitly the hydration of the solute-by either a layer or sphere of water molecules, and the generalized Born (GB) theory is used to treat the bulk continuum solvent outside the explicit simulation volume. To reduce the computational cost, we implemented a multigrid method for evaluating the pairwise electrostatic and GB terms. It is shown that for typical ion and protein simulations our method achieves similar equilibrium and dynamical observables as the conventional particle mesh Ewald (PME) method. Simulation timings are reported, which indicate that the hybrid method is much faster than PME, primarily due to a significant reduction in the number of explicit water molecules required to model hydration effects. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* C1 USA, Res Lab, CISD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Lee, MS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, CISD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM Michael.Lee@amedd.army.mil RI Salsbury, Freddie/A-5923-2008 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [F32 GM020334] NR 56 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 25 IS 16 BP 1967 EP 1978 DI 10.1002/jcc.20119 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 868OI UT WOS:000224922500003 PM 15470756 ER PT J AU Silber, TJ Robb, AS Orrell-Valente, JK Ellis, N Valadez-Meltzer, A Dadson, MJ AF Silber, TJ Robb, AS Orrell-Valente, JK Ellis, N Valadez-Meltzer, A Dadson, MJ TI Nocturnal nasogastric refeeding for hospitalized adolescent boys with anorexia nervosa SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE anorexia nervosa; adolescent males; nocturnal nasogastric refeeding; malnutrition ID EATING-DISORDERS; MALES AB Boys with anorexia nervosa have nutritional needs exceeding those of their female counterparts. For many males with anorexia nervosa, oral refeeding alone may result in low discharge weight, a critical risk factor in relapse. This study compared the short-term outcomes of oral refeeding (OR) and a combination of OR with supplemental nocturnal nasogastric refeeding (NNGR) in a sample of hospitalized boys. This was a retrospective chart review with a cohort design. Subjects were partitioned into: The OR group (n = 8, mean age = 14.9, SD = 1.7) and the OR + NNGR group (n = 6, mean age = 13.8, SD = 2.0). The NNGR group had greater increase in weight and Body Mass Index. Their average length of hospitalization was also shorter. Nocturnal nasogastric refeeding, complementing oral refeeding, should be considered as an alternative initial therapy for weight restoration in males with anorexia nervosa. C1 Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Adolescent Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Adolescent Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Womak Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Silber, TJ (reprint author), Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Adolescent Med, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM TSilber@CNMC.org NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 25 IS 6 BP 415 EP 418 DI 10.1097/00004703-200412000-00005 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 885HJ UT WOS:000226147400005 PM 15613990 ER PT J AU Park, JM Ruess, L O'Connor, SC Hussain, F Oshiro, MY Person, DA AF Park, JM Ruess, L O'Connor, SC Hussain, F Oshiro, MY Person, DA TI Internet consultations from a remote pacific island: Impact of digitized radiologic images on referral decisions SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE telemedicine; teleradiology; internet communications; PACS; image capture AB A study was carried out to determine whether digitized radiologic images added valuable information to Internet consultations from a remote Pacific Island. Chuuk State Hospital (Federated States of Micronesia) has limited film screen radiology, minimal ultrasound capability, and no radiologist. Providers initiate Web-based referrals for consultation or patient transfer. Digitized images (via low-cost digital camera or flatbed scanner) were uploaded to a Web site. Images were assessed for impact on referral decisions. A radiologist scored image quality and confidence (scale: 1-7). Of 97 referrals with images that were reviewed, 74 (76%) image sets were abnormal, 20 (20%) were normal, and 3 (4%) were indeterminate. Median scores were 4 for image quality and 5 for diagnostic confidence. In most cases with abnormal radiology (52/74, 70%), images were considered valuable. Radiologic images digitized with a low-cost camera or flatbed scanner provided valuable information for decision making in an Internet-based consultation and referral process from a remote, impoverished Pacific Island jurisdiction, despite relatively low image quality. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Informat Management Div, Honolulu, HI USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ruess, L (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM lynne.stress@amedd.army.mil NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 4 BP 253 EP 257 DI 10.1007/s10278-004-1022-6 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 887MU UT WOS:000226311000004 PM 15692868 ER PT J AU Schroeder, PR Aziz, NM AF Schroeder, PR Aziz, NM TI Retardation of dredged material leachate in foundation soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Contaminated dredged material is often placed in confined disposal facilities (CDFs) designed and managed to control environmental impacts of the disposed sediment. This note presents equations for use in a screening procedure to evaluate the impact of a CDF on groundwater. The hydrologic evaluation of leachate production and quality model was used to simulate leachate production and transport through the foundation considering a range of foundation soil characteristics and contaminant properties. The model results were used to develop predictive equations of contaminant attenuation and travel time in the foundation soils. When used with equations to predict dispersion in the aquifer, contaminant exposures at receptor locations can be predicted, which is essential in leachate screening applications. The approach does not consider degradation or permanent sequestration of contaminants. Therefore, the procedure is conservative in that it may overestimate actual leachate concentrations and underestimate actual travel times. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Schroeder, PR (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd,Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2004 VL 130 IS 12 BP 1543 EP 1546 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:12(1543) PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 871XL UT WOS:000225169800017 ER PT J AU Sjogren, MH AF Sjogren, MH TI Thymalfasin: an immune system enhancer for the treatment of liver disease SO JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Satellite Symposium on Therapeutic Strategies for Treatment-Resistant HBV/HCV CY APR, 2004 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP SciClone Pharmaceut Inc DE thymalfasin; chemical properties; mechanism of action ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; THYMOSIN ALPHA-1; HEPATITIS-C; CELLS; EXPRESSION AB Thymalfasin (thymosin-alpha 1) is an immunomodulating agent able to enhance the Th1 immune response. It has been evaluated for its immunomodulatory activities and related therapeutic potential in several diseases, including chronic hepatitis B and C, AIDS, primary immunodeficiency diseases, depressed response to vaccination and cancer. The basis for effectiveness in these conditions is primarily through modulation of immunological responsiveness, as thymalfasin has been shown to have beneficial effects on numerous immune system parameters and to increase T-cell differentiation and maturation. Thymalfasin is responsible for reconstitution of immune function when thymic tissue is given back to thymectornized animals. In addition, thymalfasin has been shown to have efficacy in multiple experimental models of immune dysfunction, mainly, infectious diseases such as hepatitis (woodchuck) and influenza (mouse), and cancer such as melanoma (mouse) and colorectal carcinoma (rat) where thymalfasin has shown antitumor effects. (C) 2004 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sjogren, MH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Room 4018,Bldg 6,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-9319 J9 J GASTROEN HEPATOL JI J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 19 IS 12 BP S69 EP S72 DI 10.1111/j.1400-1746.2004.03635.x PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 884VY UT WOS:000226116000022 PM 15546253 ER PT J AU Sjogren, MH AF Sjogren, MH TI Thymalfasin: an immune system enhancer for the treatment of liver disease SO JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver CY APR 14-18, 2004 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP European Assoc Study Liver DE thymalfasin; chemical properties; mechanism of action ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; THYMOSIN ALPHA-1; HEPATITIS-C; CELLS; EXPRESSION AB Thymalfasin (thymosin-alpha 1) is an immunomodulating agent able to enhance the Th1 immune response. It has been evaluated for its immunomodulatory activities and related therapeutic potential in several diseases, including chronic hepatitis B and C, AIDS, primary immunodeficiency diseases, depressed response to vaccination and cancer. The basis for effectiveness in these conditions is primarily through modulation of immunological responsiveness, as thymalfasin has been shown to have beneficial effects on numerous immune system parameters and to increase T-cell differentiation and maturation. Thymalfasin is responsible for reconstitution of immune function when thymic tissue is given back to thymectomized animals. In addition, thymalfasin has been shown to have efficacy in multiple experimental models of immune dysfunction, mainly, infectious diseases such as hepatitis (woodchuck) and influenza (mouse), and cancer such as melanoma (mouse) and colorectal carcinoma (rat) where thymalfasin has shown antitumor effects. (C) 2004 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sjogren, MH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Room 4018,Bldg 6,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-9319 J9 J GASTROEN HEPATOL JI J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 19 SU 6 BP S69 EP S72 DI 10.1111/j.1400-1746.2004.03635.x PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 870MT UT WOS:000225062200001 PM 15546253 ER PT J AU Britton, JP Filz, GM Herring, WE AF Britton, JP Filz, GM Herring, WE TI Measuring the hydraulic conductivity of soil-bentonite backfill SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The hydraulic conductivity of soil-bentonite backfill in three pilot-scale cutoff walls was measured using laboratory tests on disturbed samples, laboratory tests on undisturbed samples, piezocone dissipation tests, and piezometer tests (also known as slug tests or single-well tests). In addition, a global measurement of the average hydraulic conductivity of the soil-bentonite backfill in one of the cutoff walls was made using the pilot-scale test facility. Two main factors distinguish these five different methods of measuring hydraulic conductivity: remolding and sample size. Remolding of samples tested in American Petroleum Institute filter press equipment significantly reduced their hydraulic conductivity compared to the hydraulic conductivity of undisturbed samples, which were of similar size. For the other tests, where the degree and extent of remolding were less significant, hydraulic conductivity was found to increase as sample size increased, with the global measurement producing the highest value. The existence of bentonite filter cakes on trench walls reduces the influence of sample size on the equivalent hydraulic conductivity of the barrier. Findings regarding locating defects with a piezocone and hydraulic fracture in piezometer tests are also presented. C1 US Army Corp Engineers, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. ARM Grp Inc, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Britton, JP (reprint author), US Army Corp Engineers, POB 2947, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM jeremy.p.britton@usace.army.mil; filz@vt.edu; wherring@armgroup.net NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 130 IS 12 BP 1250 EP 1258 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:12(1250) PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 871FG UT WOS:000225114600003 ER PT J AU Fleming, SD Egan, RP Chai, CY Girardi, G Holers, VM Salmon, J Monestier, M Tsokos, GC AF Fleming, SD Egan, RP Chai, CY Girardi, G Holers, VM Salmon, J Monestier, M Tsokos, GC TI Anti-phospholipid antibodies restore mesenteric ischemia/ reperfusion-induced injury in complement receptor 2 complement receptor 1-deficient mice SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PREGNANCY LOSS; REMOTE ORGAN INJURY; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY; FETAL LOSS; NATURAL ANTIBODY; TISSUE-INJURY; BALB/C MICE; ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS AB Complement receptor 2-deficient (Cr2(-/-)) mice are resistant to mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury because they lack a component of the natural Ab repertoire. Neither the nature of the Abs that are involved in I/R injury nor the composition of the target Ag, to which recognition is lacking in Cr2(-/-) mice, is known. Because anti-phospholipid Abs have been shown to mediate fetal growth retardation and loss when injected into pregnant mice, we performed experiments to determine whether antiphospholipid Abs can also reconstitute I/R injury and, therefore, represent members of the injury-inducing repertoire that is missing in Cr2(-/-) mice. We demonstrate that both murine and human monoclonal and polyclonal Abs against negatively charged phospholipids can reconstitute mesenteric I/R-induced intestinal and lung tissue damage in Cr2(-/-) mice. In addition, Abs against beta2 glycoprotein I restore local and remote tissue damage in the Cr2(-/-) mice. Unlike Cr2(-/-) mice, reconstitution of I/R tissue damage in the injury-resistant Rag-1(-/-) mouse required the infusion of both anti-beta2-glycoprotein I and anti-phospholipid Ab. We conclude that anti-phospholipid Abs can bind to tissues subjected to I/R insult and mediate tissue damage. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Hosp Special Surg, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Immunol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Room 1A32,Bldg 503,Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM gtsokos@usuhs.mil FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 31105] NR 46 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 173 IS 11 BP 7055 EP 7061 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 873UV UT WOS:000225307500067 PM 15557203 ER PT J AU Herring, RA Bruchey, WJ Kingman, PW AF Herring, RA Bruchey, WJ Kingman, PW TI Characterization of ballistically deformed tungsten [100]-, [111]-, and [110]-oriented single crystal penetrators by optical metallography, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE AB Single-crystal penetrators of tungsten having orientations of [100], [111], and [110] were ballistically deformed into targets of standard armor material and characterized by optical metallography, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods, which showed significant differences in their deformation mechanisms and microstructures corresponding to their deformation performance as measured by the penetration of the target. The [100] single-crystal penetrator, which produced the most energy efficient deformation, provided a new, alternative mechanism for ballistic deformation by forming small single-crystal blocks, defined by [100] oriented cracks, which rotated during extrusion from the interior to the side of the penetrator while maintaining their single crystal integrity. The [111] single-crystal penetrator transferred mass along allowed, high-angle deformation planes to the penetrator's side where a buildup of mass mushroomed the tip until the built-up mass let go along the sides of the penetrator, creating a wavy cavity. The [110] penetrator, which produced the least energy-efficient deformation, has only two allowed deformation planes, cracked and rotated to invoke other deformation planes. C1 Univ Victoria, Dept Mech Engn, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 20005 USA. RP Herring, RA (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Mech Engn, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. EM rherring@uvic.ca NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 19 IS 12 BP 3451 EP 3462 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0464 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 877HX UT WOS:000225559900003 ER PT J AU Solomon, NP Makashay, MJ Kessler, LS Sullivan, KW AF Solomon, NP Makashay, MJ Kessler, LS Sullivan, KW TI Speech-breathing treatment and LSVT for a patient with hypokinetic-spastic dysarthria after TBI SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Motor Speech CY MAR, 2004 CL Albuquerque, NM ID INTENSIVE VOICE TREATMENT; PARKINSONS-DISEASE AB Previously, we reported improved speech breathing and intelligibility after behavioral treatment for a man with hypokinetic-spastic dysarthria following traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Solomon, McKee, & Garcia-Barry, 2001). Treatment included the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment(R) (LSVT) program followed by 6 weeks of speech-breathing training, physical therapy, and LSVT-type tasks. In this article, we report a new patient with similar speech characteristics post-TBI. Breathing-for-Speech Treatment (BST), custom designed to improve nonspeech- and speech-breathing coordination, was followed by LSVT. After BST, speech breathing approached normal levels; after LSVT, speech breathing improved further and intelligibility improved markedly. Gains generally were maintained up to 4 months, but were limited by the spastic characteristics of his dysarthria and sporadic medical complications. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, USA, Audiol & Speech Ctr, CCC SLP, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Language Experience, Rockville, MD USA. RP Solomon, NP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, USA, Audiol & Speech Ctr, CCC SLP, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Nancy.P.Solomon@us.army.mil FU NIDCD NIH HHS [R03 DC006096] NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU DELMAR LEARNING PI CLIFTON PARK PA EXECUTIVE WOODS, 5 MAXWELL DR, CLIFTON PARK, NY 12065 USA SN 1065-1438 J9 J MED SPEECH-LANG PA JI J. Med. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 12 IS 4 BP 213 EP 219 PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Clinical Neurology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 877IT UT WOS:000225562500016 PM 23946632 ER PT J AU Khatri, V Hartings, JA Simons, DJ AF Khatri, V Hartings, JA Simons, DJ TI Adaptation in thalamic barreloid and cortical barrel neurons to periodic whisker deflections varying in frequency and velocity SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THALAMOCORTICAL RESPONSE TRANSFORMATION; RODENT SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX; VENTROBASAL THALAMUS; NUCLEUS PRINCIPALIS; MYSTACIAL VIBRISSAE; RECEPTIVE-FIELDS; LAYER IV; RAT; MECHANISMS; SYSTEM AB Layer IV circuitry in the rodent whisker-to-barrel pathway transforms the thalamic input signal spatially and temporally. Excitatory and inhibitory barrel neurons display response properties that differ from each other and from their common thalamic inputs. Here we further examine thalamocortical response transformations by characterizing the responses of individual thalamic barreloid neurons and presumed excitatory and inhibitory cortical barrel neurons to periodic whisker deflections varying in frequency from 1 to 40 Hz. Both pulsatile and sinusoidal periodic stimulation of fixed deflection amplitude were used to assess stimulus-evoked adaptation of thalamocortical units (TCUs), fast-spike barrel units (FSUs: presumed inhibitory neurons), and regular-spike barrel units (RSUs: presumed excitatory neurons). Monotonic, frequency-dependent reductions in firing were observed in thalamic and cortical neurons to the second and subsequent stimuli in trains of high (pulsatile)- and low (sinusoidal)-velocity deflections. RSUs and FSUs adapted substantially more than their thalamic input neurons, and at all frequencies, FSUs fired at higher rates than the other two cell types. For example at 40 Hz, response magnitudes of TCUs decreased by 34%, FSUs by 72%, and RSUs by 78%. Across frequencies, RSUs and FSUs displayed more cycle-by-cycle entrainment and phase-locked responses for (high velocity) pulsatile than (lower velocity) sinusoidal deflections; for TCUs, phase-locking was equivalent for both stimuli, but entrainment was higher for sinusoidal deflections. Strong feed-forward inhibition, in conjunction with synaptic depression, renders the firing of barrel neurons sparse but temporally faithful to the occurrence of repetitive whisker deflections, especially when they are of high velocity. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Neurobiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Neural Basis Cognit, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Khatri, V (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Neurobiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM vikst3@pitt.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS-19950] NR 55 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3077 J9 J NEUROPHYSIOL JI J. Neurophysiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 92 IS 6 BP 3244 EP 3254 DI 10.1152/jn.00257.2004 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Physiology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 871VN UT WOS:000225164800010 PM 15306632 ER PT J AU Robbins, RG AF Robbins, RG TI Introduction of Lance A. Durden as the Henry Baldwin Ward Medalist for 2004 SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Robbins, RG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM richard.robbins@osd.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1208 EP 1209 DI 10.1645/GE-3470 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 887ZL UT WOS:000226343900005 PM 15719526 ER PT J AU Korman, MS Sabatier, JM AF Korman, MS Sabatier, JM TI Nonlinear acoustic techniques for landmine detection SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 146th Meeting of the Acoustical-Society-of-America CY NOV 10-14, 2003 CL Austin, TX SP Acoust Soc Amer ID MINE DETECTION; DISCRIMINATION; ELASTICITY AB Measurements of the top surface vibration of a buried (inert) VS 2.2 anti-tank plastic landmine reveal significant resonances in the frequency range between 80 and 650 Hz. Resonances from measurements of the normal component of the acoustically induced soil surface particle velocity (due to sufficient acoustic-to-seismic coupling) have been used in detection schemes. Since the interface between the top plate and the soil responds nonlinearly to pressure fluctuations, characteristics of landmines, the soil, and the interface are rich in nonlinear physics and allow for a method of buried landmine detection not previously exploited. Tuning curve experiments (revealing "softening" and a back-bone curve linear in particle velocity amplitude versus frequency) help characterize the nonlinear resonant behavior of the soil-landmine oscillator. The results appear to exhibit the characteristics of nonlinear mesoscopic elastic behavior, which is explored. When two primary waves f(1) and f(2) drive the soil over the mine near resonance, a rich spectrum of nonlinearly generated tones is measured with a geophone on the surface over the buried landmine in agreement with Donskoy [SPIE Proc. 3392, 221-217 (1998); 3710, 239-246 (1999)]. In profiling, particular nonlinear tonals can improve the contrast ratio compared to using either primary tone in the spectrum. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USA, CERDEC, RDECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Korman, MS (reprint author), USA, CERDEC, RDECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM korman@usna.edu NR 17 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 116 IS 6 BP 3354 EP 3369 DI 10.1121/1.1814119 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 882BV UT WOS:000225914400014 PM 15658688 ER PT J AU Ravikrishna, R Valsaraj, KT Price, CB Brannon, JM Hayes, CA Yost, SL AF Ravikrishna, R Valsaraj, KT Price, CB Brannon, JM Hayes, CA Yost, SL TI Vapor-phase transport of explosives from buried sources in soils SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EXPOSED CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; DREDGED MATERIAL; WATER SLURRIES; AIR EMISSIONS; TRANSFORMATION; PH AB The fate and transport of explosives in the soil pore vapor spaces affects both the potential detection of buried ordnance by chemical sensors and vadose zone transport of explosives residues. The efficacy of chemical sensors and their potential usefulness for detecting buried unexploded ordnance (UXO) is difficult to determine without understanding how its chemical signatures are transported through soil. The objectives of this study were to quantify chemical signature transport through soils under various environmental conditions in unsaturated soils and to develop a model for the same. Flux chambers, large soil containers, and batch,tests were used to determine explosives signature movement and process descriptors for model development. Low signatures were observed for explosives (2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, and 1,3-dinitrobenzene) under all environmental conditions. A diffusion model was used to describe the chemical transport mechanism in the soil pore air. The soil-air partition constant was treated as a fit parameter in the model owing to the uncertainty in its a priori estimation. The model predictions of the trends in experimental fluxes and the soil concentration were only marginal at best. It was concluded that better estimates of the partition constant are required for more accurate estimation of the chemical concentration at the soil-air interface. Chemical sensors will need to be very sensitive because of low signatures. However, this may result in many false alarms because of explosives residues not associated with UXO on firing ranges. Low explosives signatures also should result in insignificant air environmental exposures. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Gordon A & Mary Cain Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Dyntel Corp, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Valsaraj, KT (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Gordon A & Mary Cain Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM valsaraj@che.lsu.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1525 EP 1533 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 878EA UT WOS:000225628100005 PM 15648390 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Lentine, KL Bucci, JR Agodoa, LY Koff, JM Holtzmuller, KC Schnitzler, MA AF Abbott, KC Lentine, KL Bucci, JR Agodoa, LY Koff, JM Holtzmuller, KC Schnitzler, MA TI Impact of diabetes and hepatitis after kidney transplantation on patients who are affected by hepatitis C virus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CADAVERIC RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; UNITED-STATES; MODERN IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; EVALUATING INVESTMENT; ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; WAITING-LIST; DONOR ACTION; INFECTION; MELLITUS AB Complications associated with use of donor hepatitis C-positive kidneys (DHCV+) have been attributed primarily to posttransplantation liver disease (as a result of hepatitis C disease). The role of posttransplantation diabetes has not been explored in this setting. With the use of the United States Renal Data System database, 28,942 Medicare KT recipients were studied from January 1, 1996, through July 31, 2000. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) for the association of sero-pairs for HCV (D+/R-, D+/R+, D-/R+ and D-/R-) with Medicare claims for de novo posttransplantation HCV and posttransplantation diabetes. The peak risk for posttransplantation HCV was in the first 6 mo after transplantation. The incidence of posttransplantation HCV after transplantation was 9.1% in D+/R-, 6.3% in D+/R+, 2.4% in D-/R+, and 0.2% in D-/R-. The incidence of posttransplantation diabetes after transplantation also peaked early and was 43.8% in D+/R-, 46.6% in D+/R+, 32.3% in D-/R+, and 25.4% in D-/R-. Associations for both complications were significant in adjusted analysis (Cox regression). Both posttransplantation HCV (AHR, 3.36; 95% confidence interval, 2.44 to 4.61) and posttransplantation diabetes (AHR, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.54 to 2.11) were independently associated with an increased risk of death, but posttransplantation diabetes accounted for more years of life lost, particularly among recipients of DHCV+ kidneys. Posttransplantation diabetes may contribute substantially to the increased risk of death associated with use of DHCV+ kidneys and accounts for more years of life lost than posttransplantation HCV. Because HCV infection acquired after transplantation is so difficult to treat, methods that have been shown to reduce viral transmission warrant renewed attention. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Outcomes Res, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. NIDDK, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM kevin.abbott@na.amedd.army.mil OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [K25 DK 02916-01] NR 37 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 15 IS 12 BP 3166 EP 3174 DI 10.1097/01.ASN.0000145439.48387.BF PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 876NW UT WOS:000225504800025 PM 15579520 ER PT J AU Ward, JM Jackson, CR AF Ward, JM Jackson, CR TI Sediment trapping within forestry streamside management zones: Georgia Piedmont, USA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE riparian buffers; RUSLE; sediment transport; erosion; nonpoint source pollution ID BUFFERS; RUNOFF; DESIGN AB The effectiveness of streamside management zones (SMZs) was assessed for reducing sediment transport from concentrated overland flow draining two Georgia Piedmont clearcuts that had undergone mechanical and chemical site preparation and planting. Silt fences were used to trap sediment transport from zero-order ephemeral swales at the edge of and within SMZs. Four control swales and nine treatment swales were studied. A double mass curve approach was used to graphically compare sediment accumulation rates at the edge of SMZs to accumulation rates within the SMZs at a distance consistent with current recommendations for SMZ width in Georgia. SMZ efficiencies for trapping sediment transported by concentrated flow ranged from 71 to 99 percent. No statistical model was found to explain how SMZ efficiencies varied with SMZ and contributing area characteristics. Measured sediment accumulations at the SMZ boundary were compared to Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) predictions of up-slope erosion, and a delivery ratio of 0.25 was calculated. SMZs had a quantifiable and substantial ameliorating effect on sediment transport from concentrated overland flow on the clearcut study sites. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Savannah, GA 31402 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ward, JM (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, POB 889, Savannah, GA 31402 USA. EM jason.m.ward@usace.army.mil NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1421 EP 1431 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01596.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 887WI UT WOS:000226335800002 ER PT J AU McDonald, RMS AF McDonald, RMS TI Ne founding fathers and the politics of character SO JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP McDonald, RMS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC HISTORIANS EARLY AMERICAN REPUBLIC PI W LAFAYETTE PA PURDUE UNIV, 1358 UNIV HALL, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907-1358 USA SN 0275-1275 J9 J EARLY REPUBL JI J. Early Repub. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 691 EP 694 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 877FH UT WOS:000225552700013 ER PT J AU Luckett, JA AF Luckett, JA TI The Frederick Douglass papers, series two: Autobiographical writings, volume two: My bondage and my freedom. SO JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Luckett, JA (reprint author), Upper Sch, St Marys Hall, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC HISTORIANS EARLY AMERICAN REPUBLIC PI W LAFAYETTE PA PURDUE UNIV, 1358 UNIV HALL, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907-1358 USA SN 0275-1275 J9 J EARLY REPUBL JI J. Early Repub. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 712 EP 715 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 877FH UT WOS:000225552700021 ER PT J AU Beach, RJ Krupke, WE Kanz, VK Payne, SA Dubinskii, MA Merkle, LD AF Beach, RJ Krupke, WE Kanz, VK Payne, SA Dubinskii, MA Merkle, LD TI End-pumped continuous-wave alkali vapor lasers: experiment, model, and power scaling SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SENSITIZED FLUORESCENCE; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; YAG LASER; RUBIDIUM; ATOMS; MOLECULES; MIXTURES; RB AB End-pumped alkali vapor lasers excited on their D-2 transition and lased on their D-1 transition offer a pathway to high average power that potentially competes with diode-pumped solid-state lasers in many applications that require cw or quasi-cw laser operation. We report on the first experimental demonstration of an end-pumped Cs laser using a Ti:sapphire laser for pump excitation. Detailed experimental and model results are presented that indicate our understanding of the underlying physics involved in such systems is complete. Using an extrapolation of our developed model, a discussion is given on power scaling diode-pumped alkali lasers, indicating a potential efficiency advantage over power-scaled diode-pumped solid-state lasers. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SEEO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Beach, RJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM beach2@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 188 Z9 206 U1 2 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2151 EP 2163 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.21.002151 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 878SK UT WOS:000225666900012 ER PT J AU Poovey, AG Getsinger, KD Skogerboe, JG Koschnick, TJ Madsen, JD Stewart, RM AF Poovey, AG Getsinger, KD Skogerboe, JG Koschnick, TJ Madsen, JD Stewart, RM TI Small-plot, low-dose treatments of triclopyr for selective control of Eurasian watermilfoil SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic plant control; Myriophyllum spicatum; herbicide; Renovate((R)) 3; ELISA ID AQUATIC DISSIPATION; IMMUNOASSAY; HPLC; FATE AB Small-plot treatments of triclopyr were conducted on Lake Minnetonka and Lake Minnewashta, MN, during June 1998 to investigate the herbicide's potential to selectively control Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) at low doses. Applications were made on 1-ha plots with rates based on plot type: references (0 mg acid equivalent (ae)L-.(-1)), protected plots (0.5 mg ae(.)L(-1)), semi-protected plots (1.0 mg ae(.)L(-1)), and unprotected plots (1.5 mg ae(.)L(-1)). Plot protection was a function of potential mixing in the water column. Herbicide residues were monitored to determine dissipation 1 through 72 h post treatment. Samples were analyzed with both a high performance liquid chromatography technique and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results from these two analytical techniques were compared, and found equivalent (R-2 = 0.96). Triclopyr had a relatively short half-life for each treatment (3.5 hr at 0.5 mg ae(.)L(-1), 2.9 hr at 1.0 mg ae(.)L(-1), and 4.2 hr at 1.5 mg ae(.)L(-1)). At 8 weeks post treatment, there was a 30 to 45% reduction in Eurasian watermilfoil distribution. Greatest Eurasian watermilfoil control was achieved in plots using higher triclopyr rates. Frequency of native plants decreased by 24% in the untreated reference plot, 20% in the 0.5 mg ae(.)L(-1) plot and 6% in the 1.0 and 1.5 mg ae(.)L(-1) plots. Mean species per point, however, either increased or remained unchanged in seven of the nine treated plots. Decline of native plants may be partially attributed to the onset of fall senescence. Larger contiguous areas, higher triclopyr rates, and sequential applications may be required to enhance Eurasian watermilfoil control in small-plot, partial lake treatments. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Poovey, AG (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 322 EP 332 PG 11 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 889NC UT WOS:000226448700006 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, DL Ellsworth, RE Liebman, MN Hooke, JA Shriver, CD AF Ellsworth, DL Ellsworth, RE Liebman, MN Hooke, JA Shriver, CD TI Genomic instability in histologically normal breast tissues: implications for carcinogenesis SO LANCET ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC ALTERATIONS; CANCER RISK; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; NODE METASTASES; OVARIAN-CANCER; DNA-ADDUCTS; HUMAN COLON; HETEROZYGOSITY; ADJACENT; BENIGN AB Breast cancer is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in society, but factors that affect the cause of the disease are poorly defined. Genomic instability drives tumorigenic processes in invasive carcinomas and premaligant breast-lesions and might promote the accumulation of genetic alterations in apparently normal tissues before histological abnormalities are detectable. Evidence suggests that genomic changes in breast parenchyma affect the behaviour of epithelial cells and ultimately might affect tumour growth and progression. Inherent instability in genes that maintain genomic integrity, as well as exogenous chemicals and environmental pollutants have been implicated in breast cancer development. Although molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis are unclear at present carcinogenic agents could contribute to fields of genomic instability localised to specific areas of the breast. Understanding the functional importance of genomic instability in early carcinogenic has important implications for improvement of diagnostic and treatment strategies. C1 Windber Res Inst, Cardiovasc Dis Res Program, Windber, PA 15963 USA. Windber Res Inst, Genet Studies, Windber, PA 15963 USA. USA, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Washington, DC USA. USA, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Clin Breast Care Project, Washington, DC USA. RP Ellsworth, DL (reprint author), Windber Res Inst, Cardiovasc Dis Res Program, 600 Somerst Ave, Windber, PA 15963 USA. EM d.ellsworth@wriwindber.org NR 60 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1470-2045 J9 LANCET ONCOL JI Lancet Oncol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 5 IS 12 BP 753 EP 758 DI 10.1016/S1470-2045(04)01653-5 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 878TR UT WOS:000225670400020 PM 15581548 ER PT J AU Sniezek, JC Matheny, KE Westfall, MD Pietenpol, JA AF Sniezek, JC Matheny, KE Westfall, MD Pietenpol, JA TI Dominant negative p63 isoform expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE p63; p53; squamous cell carcinoma; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; immunohistochemistry ID APOPTOSIS-ASSOCIATED MARKERS; ORAL LICHEN-PLANUS; P53 GENE-TRANSFER; IN-VIVO; CANCER; THERAPY; HOMOLOG; DELTA-NP63-ALPHA; ADENOVIRUS; MUTATIONS AB Objectives/Hypothesis. p63, a member of the p53 family of genes, is vital for normal epithelial development and may play a critical role in epithelial tumor formation. Although p63 has been identified in various head and neck malignancies, a detailed analysis of which of the six isoforms of the p63 gene is present in normal mucosa and head and neck malignancies has not yet been performed. The study analyzed p63 isoform expression on the RNA and protein level in normal, diseased, and malignant mucosa of the head and neck to examine the differential expression of p63 isoforms in head and neck tumors versus adjacent nonmalignant tissue and to identify the predominant p63 isoform expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Study Design: Three experiments were performed. In experiment 1, p63 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis in 36 HNSCC specimens and matched normal tissue control specimens harvested from the same patient. Western blot analysis was also performed on matched specimens to confirm the identity of the p63 isoforms that were found. In experiment 2, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed on matched normal and tumor specimens to analyze and quantitatively compare p63 isoform expression at the RNA level. In experiment 3, p63 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical. analysis in oral lichen planus, a benign mucosal lesion marked by hyperdifferentiation and apoptosis. Methods. Immunohistochemical analysis, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis of p63 were performed on HNSCC specimens and matched normal tissue control specimens. p63 expression in oral lichen planus specimens was also examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Results. In experiment 1, analysis of 36 HNSCC specimens from various head and neck subsites showed p63 expression in all tumors and matched normal tissue specimens (36 of 36). Western blot analyses indicated that dominant negative (DeltaN) isoform p63alpha (DeltaNp63alpha) is the major isoform expressed at the protein level in tumors and adjacent normal tissue. In experiment 2, RT-PCR analyses of 10 matched specimens confirmed that, although all three DeltaNp63 isoforms (DeltaNp63alpha, DeltaNp63beta, and DeltaNp63gamma) are expressed in normal and malignant mucosa of the head and neck, DeltaNp63alpha is the predominant transcript expressed. In experiment 3, immunohistochemical analysis of p63 in the pro-apoptotic condition of lichen planus indicated that p63 is underexpressed as compared with normal mucosal specimens. Conclusion: Although all three DeltaNp63 isoforms are present in HNSCC, DeltaNp63alpha protein is the predominant isoform expressed in these malignancies. DeltaNp63alpha is also overexpressed in tumors compared with matched normal tissue specimens and is underexpressed in the pro-apoptotic condition of lichen planus. These findings suggest that DeltaNp63alpha plays an antidifferentiation and anti-apoptotic role in the mucosal epithelium of the head and neck, possibly playing a pivotal role in the formation of HNSCC. Currently, DeltaNp63alpha is an attractive target for mechanistic study aimed at therapeutic intervention. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Sniezek, JC (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM joseph.sniezek@amedd.army.mil FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 70856, CA 105436] NR 45 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD DEC PY 2004 VL 114 IS 12 BP 2063 EP 2072 DI 10.1097/01.mlg.0000149437.35855.4b PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 878IE UT WOS:000225639300001 PM 15564824 ER PT J AU Metz, E AF Metz, E TI The longest winter: The battle of the bulge and the epic story of WWII's most decorated platoon SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Metz, E (reprint author), Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 129 IS 20 BP 136 EP 137 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 878TN UT WOS:000225669900250 ER PT J AU Minyard, CM AF Minyard, CM TI Armageddon: The battle for Germany 1944-1945 SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Blountstown, FL USA. RP Minyard, CM (reprint author), USA, Blountstown, FL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 129 IS 20 BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 878TN UT WOS:000225669900247 ER PT J AU Grujicic, M Zhao, CL DeRosset, WS Helfritch, D AF Grujicic, M Zhao, CL DeRosset, WS Helfritch, D TI Adiabatic shear instability based mechanism for particles/substrate bonding in the cold-gas dynamic-spray process SO MATERIALS & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE cold-gas dynamic-spray; adiabatic shear localization ID SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Particles/substrate interactions during the cold-gas dynamic-spray deposition process are studied using a dynamic axisymmetric thermo-mechanical finite element analysis. In addition, the particles/substrate bonding mechanism has been investigated using a one-dimensional thermo-mechanical model for adiabatic strain softening and the accompanying adiabatic shear localization. The results obtained show that the minimal impact particles velocity needed to produce shear localization at the particles/substrate interface correlates quite well with the critical velocity for particles deposition by the cold-gas dynamic-spray process in a number of metallic materials. This finding suggests that the onset of adiabatic shear instability in the particles/substrate interfacial region plays an important role in promoting particle/substrate adhesion and, thus, particles/substrate bonding during the cold-gas dynamic-spray process. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Program Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USA, Res Lab, Processing & Properties Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grujicic, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Program Mat Sci & Engn, 241 Engn Innovat Bldg, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mica.grujicic@ces.clemson.edu NR 14 TC 219 Z9 239 U1 5 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-3069 J9 MATER DESIGN JI Mater. Des. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 25 IS 8 BP 681 EP 688 DI 10.1016/j.matdes.2004.03.008 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 855IL UT WOS:000223966700005 ER PT J AU Langan, SJ Liewehr, FR Patton, WR McPherson, JC Runner, RR AF Langan, SJ Liewehr, FR Patton, WR McPherson, JC Runner, RR TI Effect of intracanal restorative material on the stiffness of endodontically treated teeth SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Session of the American-Association-of-Endodontists CY APR 10-14, 2002 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Endodontists ID DENTIN-BONDING SYSTEMS; FRACTURE; RESISTANCE; PREMOLARS; STRENGTHS; EUGENOL; CEMENT AB This study compared the ability of various intracanal restorative materials to restore the stiffness of endodontically treated teeth. We randomly placed bovine central incisors into six groups. We did not instrument negative control teeth, and we instrumented, but did not restore, positive control teeth. We restored teeth in the experimental groups with resin-based composite, resin-based composite plus a fiberglass post, or resin-based composite plus a cemented metal post. We subjected all teeth to nondestructive, compressive testing and recorded the stiffness of each sample. Results indicated that performing endodontic access and instrumentation alone resulted in a 24% loss in tooth stiffness. Teeth restored using an intracanal resin bonding technique alone or in combination with a post regained the stiffness lost from access and instrumentation, and teeth that were restored with bonded resin and a metal post cemented with Panavia 21 cement were significantly stiffer than the untreated negative control group (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that intracanal resin bonding techniques may reduce the need for immediate crown placement after endodontic therapy. C1 Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 169 IS 12 BP 948 EP 951 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JE UT WOS:000235830600003 PM 15646183 ER PT J AU Kraemer, WJ Vescovi, JD Volek, JS Nindl, BC Newton, RU Patton, JF Dziados, JE French, DN Hakkinen, K AF Kraemer, WJ Vescovi, JD Volek, JS Nindl, BC Newton, RU Patton, JF Dziados, JE French, DN Hakkinen, K TI Effects of concurrent resistance and aerobic training on load-bearing performance and the army physical fitness test SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MATERIAL-HANDLING ABILITY; NEUROMUSCULAR ADAPTATIONS; ENDURANCE; STRENGTH; WOMEN; COMPATIBILITY; INTERFERENCE; RECRUITS AB The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of high intensity endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT) alone and in combination on various military tasks. Thirty-five male soldiers were randomly assigned to one of four training groups: total body resistance training plus endurance training (RT + ET), upper body resistance training plus endurance training (UB + ET), RT only, and ET only. Training was performed 4 days per week for 12 weeks. Testing occurred before and after the 12-week training regimen. All groups significantly improved push-up performance, whereas only the RT + ET group did not improve sit-up performance. The groups that included ET significantly decreased 2-mile run time, however, only RT + ET and UB + ET showed improved loaded 2-mile run time. Leg power increased for groups that included lower body strengthening exercises (RT and RT + ET). Army Physical Fitness Test performance, loaded running, and leg power responded positively to training, however, it appears there is a high degree of specificity when concurrent training regimens are implemented. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Kinesiol, Human Performance Lab, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Edith Cowan Univ, Sch Biomed & Sports Sci, Joondalup, WA USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol Phys Activ, Jyvaskyla, Finland. RP Kraemer, WJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Kinesiol, Human Performance Lab, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Newton, Robert/A-3466-2009 OI Newton, Robert/0000-0003-0302-6129 NR 22 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 169 IS 12 BP 994 EP 999 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JE UT WOS:000235830600014 PM 15646194 ER PT J AU Aitichou, M Henkens, R Sultana, AM Ulrich, RG Ibrahim, MS AF Aitichou, M Henkens, R Sultana, AM Ulrich, RG Ibrahim, MS TI Detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A and B genes with PCR-EIA and a hand-held electrochemical sensor SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE Staphylococcus aureus; enterotoxins; SEA; SEB; electrochemical PCR-EIA ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SHOCK SYNDROME TOXIN-1; MULTIPLEX PCR; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; SUPERANTIGENS; PROBES; FOODS; ELISA AB Two electrochemical assays for detecting Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A and B genes were developed. The assays are based on PCR amplification with biotinylated primers, hybridization to a fluorescein-labeled probe, and detection with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-fluorescein antibody using a hand-held electrochemical detector. The limit of detection (LOD) for both assays was approximately 16 copies of the sea and seb genes. The assays were evaluated in blinded studies, each with 81 samples that included genomic and cloned S. aureus DNA, and genomic DNA from Alcaligens, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Bordetella, Borkholderia, Clostridium, Comanonas, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Francisella, Haemophilus, Klebsiella, Listeria, Moraxella, Neisseria, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella, Streptococcus, Vibrio and Yersinia species. Both assays showed 100% sensitivity. The specificity was 96% for the SEA assay and 98% for the SEB assay. These results demonstrate the feasibility of performing probe-based detection of PCR products with a low-cost, hand-held, electrochemical detection device as a viable alternative to colorimetric enzyme-linked assays of PCR products. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clin Res Management, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Alderon Biosci Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Aitichou, M (reprint author), Clin Res Management, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM mohamed.aitichou@det.amedd.army.mil NR 21 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 6 BP 373 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2004.06.002 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 867OO UT WOS:000224852100003 PM 15488376 ER PT J AU Vasconcelos, OM Campbell, WW AF Vasconcelos, OM Campbell, WW TI Dermatomyositis-like syndrome and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) intake SO MUSCLE & NERVE LA English DT Article DE dermatomyositis; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; rhabdomyolysis; simvastatin; statins ID IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES; RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SIMVASTATIN; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; PRAVASTATIN; LOVASTATIN; THERAPY; RISK; POLYMYOSITIS; GEMFIBROZIL AB A patient developed an adult-onset dermatomyositis-like syndrome characterized by skin rash and progressive proximal muscle weakness concurrent with the intake of simvastatin. Despite discontinuation of the statin, symptoms progressed and required conventional steroid therapy for remission. The association between statins and the development of a musculocutaneous syndrome closely resembling dermatomyositis in susceptible subjects is poorly understood and has been reported rarely. The purpose of this report is to provide additional support for this pathological association. Since the population receiving statins is large and rapidly growing, caregivers are urged to be alert regarding the early recognition and proper care of the spectrum of neuromuscular complications linked to statin intake. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Clin Neurophysiol Lab, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Campbell, WW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Clin Neurophysiol Lab, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM william.campbell.1@na.amedd.army.mil NR 41 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0148-639X J9 MUSCLE NERVE JI Muscle Nerve PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 6 BP 803 EP 807 DI 10.1002/mus.20127 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 877CX UT WOS:000225546500014 PM 15389654 ER PT J AU Geisbert, TW Jahrling, PB AF Geisbert, TW Jahrling, PB TI Exotic emerging viral diseases: progress and challenges SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID ARGENTINE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; EBOLA-VIRUS-INFECTION; LASER CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION; MARBURG AGENT DISEASE; AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEY; FATAL LASSA FEVER; YELLOW-FEVER; RHESUS-MONKEYS; DENDRITIC CELLS AB The agents causing viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) are a taxonomically diverse group of viruses that may share commonalities in the process whereby they produce systemic and frequently fatal disease. Significant progress has been made in understanding the biology of the Ebola virus, one of the best known examples. This knowledge has guided our thinking about other VHF agents, including Marburg, Lassa, the South American arenaviruses, yellow fever, Crimean-Congo and Rift Valley fever viruses. Comparisons among VHFs show that a common pathogenic feature is their ability to disable the host immune response by attacking and manipulating the cells that initiate the antiviral response. Of equal importance, these comparisons highlight critical gaps in our knowledge of these pathogens. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Jahrling, PB (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM tom.geisbert@amedd.army.mil; peter.jahrling@us.army.mil NR 175 TC 248 Z9 259 U1 3 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1078-8956 EI 1546-170X J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 SU S BP S110 EP S121 DI 10.1038/nm1142 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 879RC UT WOS:000225733900007 PM 15577929 ER PT J AU Brietzke, SE Katz, ES Roberson, DW AF Brietzke, SE Katz, ES Roberson, DW TI Can history and physical examination reliably diagnose pediatric obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome? A systematic review of the literature SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID APNEA SYNDROME; CHILDREN; ADENOTONSILLECTOMY; CHILDHOOD; SYMPTOMS; HYPERACTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; INATTENTION AB OBJECTIVE., Using an evidence-based technique, systematically review the literature to evaluate the accuracy of routine, clinical history and physical examination in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in the pediatric patient. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The biomedical literature was systematically reviewed. Articles comparing the results of clinical evaluation to polysomnography (PSG) were selected. The level of evidence was assessed using established evidence-based medicine (EBM) guidelines. RESULTS: Twelve articles were identified using the search criteria. Eleven of 12 articles concluded that clinical evaluation is inaccurate in the diagnosis of OSAHS. The level of evidence was good to very good (Grade B/B+). CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE., Clinical history and physical examination are not reliable for diagnosing OSAHS compared with overnight PSG. Complicating the interpretation of this work is the lack of a validated PSG threshold of clinically significant disease. There is an urgent need for the development of adequate screening tests with validated clinical outcomes. C1 Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol, Boston, MA USA. Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Pulmonol, Boston, MA USA. RP Brietzke, SE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM SEBrietzke@msn.com FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 073238-01] NR 24 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 131 IS 6 BP 827 EP 832 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.07.002 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 879NT UT WOS:000225725200006 PM 15577775 ER PT J AU Meltzer, EO Hamilos, DL Hadley, JA Lanza, DC Marple, BF Nicklas, RA Bachert, C Baraniuk, J Baroody, FM Benninger, MS Brook, I Chowdhury, BA Druce, HM Durham, S Ferguson, B Gwaltney, JM Kaliner, M Kennedy, DW Lund, V Naclerio, R Pawankar, R Piccirillo, JF Rohane, P Simon, R Slavin, RG Togias, A Wald, ER Zinreich, SJ AF Meltzer, EO Hamilos, DL Hadley, JA Lanza, DC Marple, BF Nicklas, RA Bachert, C Baraniuk, J Baroody, FM Benninger, MS Brook, I Chowdhury, BA Druce, HM Durham, S Ferguson, B Gwaltney, JM Kaliner, M Kennedy, DW Lund, V Naclerio, R Pawankar, R Piccirillo, JF Rohane, P Simon, R Slavin, RG Togias, A Wald, ER Zinreich, SJ TI Rhinosinusitis: Establishing definitions for clinical research and patient care SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Review ID ALLERGIC FUNGAL SINUSITIS; CHRONIC MAXILLARY SINUSITIS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; CHRONIC HYPERPLASTIC SINUSITIS; GASTROESOPHAGEAL-REFLUX DISEASE; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS ENTEROTOXINS; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; INTRANASAL FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE; ACUTE BACTERIAL RHINOSINUSITIS C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Allergy & Asthma Med Grp & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Immunol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Rochester, NY USA. Sinus & Nasal Inst Florida, St Petersburg, FL USA. SW Texas State Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Dallas, TX USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Med, Washington, DC USA. Univ Ziekenhuis Ghent, ENT Dept, Ghent, Belgium. Univ Chicago, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Pediat & Med, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Med, Div Allergy Immunol, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, Dept Allergy & Resp Med, London, England. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Div Sino Nasal Disorders & Allergy, Dept Otolaryngol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Epidemiol & Virol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Inst Asthma & Allergy, Wheaton, MD USA. Univ Penn, Dept Otolaryngol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. UCL, Dept Otolaryngol, London, England. Univ Chicago, Dept Surg, Sect Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Nippon Med Coll, Dept Otolaryngol, Tokyo 113, Japan. Washington Univ, Dept Otolaryngol & Med, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Celgene Corp, Clin Dev Inflammat, Warren, NJ USA. Scripps Clin, Div Allergy Asthma & Immunol, La Jolla, CA USA. St Louis Univ, Dept Internal Med, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pediat & Otolaryngol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Meltzer, EO (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Allergy & Asthma Med Grp & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 9610 Granite Ridge Dr,Suite B, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM eomeltzer@aol.com NR 352 TC 210 Z9 225 U1 3 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 131 IS 6 SU S BP S1 EP S62 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.09.067 PG 62 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 880FX UT WOS:000225775500001 PM 15577816 ER PT J AU Batts, S Demers, DM AF Batts, S Demers, DM TI Spectrum and treatment of cat-scratch disease SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE cat-scratch disease; Bartonella henselae ID BARTONELLA-HENSELAE; CHILDREN C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Batts, S (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1161 EP 1162 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000147366.70508.7e PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 881MT UT WOS:000225872300016 PM 15626957 ER PT J AU Gruber, JB Vetter, U Hofsass, H Zandi, B Reid, MF AF Gruber, JB Vetter, U Hofsass, H Zandi, B Reid, MF TI Spectra and energy levels of Tm3+(4f(12)) in AlN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LANTHANIDE AQUO IONS; CRYSTAL-FIELD ANALYSIS; RARE-EARTH IONS; DOPED GAN; VISIBLE EMISSION; IMPLANTED GAN; THIN-FILMS; TB IONS; ER; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB We report a detailed analysis of the cathodoluminescence spectra of Tm3+-implanted 2H-aluminum nitride (AlN) covering the wavelength range between 290 and 820 nm at temperatures between 12 and 60 K. More than 200 transitions are observed, of which more than 100 of these transitions can be identified from emitting multiplet manifolds I-1(6), D-1(2), and (1)G(4). Although the emitting levels are not observed directly, emission is also attributed to the P-3(2) and P-3(1) multiplet manifolds based on analyses of transitions to terminal levels F-3(4), H-3(5), and F-3(3). The observed crystal-field splitting of the ground-state multiplet manifold, H-3(6), and manifolds F-3(4), H-3(5), H-3(4), F-3(3), F-3(2), and (1)G(4) is established from an analysis based on matching repeated energy differences between transitions. This method is similar to one used in analyzing arc and spark spectra. Temperature-dependent spectra also establish the crystal-field splitting of the P-3(1) and part of the manifold splitting of emitting levels such as I-1(6). To establish an initial set of crystal-field splitting parameters, B-nm, that can be related to a physical model, we carried out a lattice-sum calculation by computing the crystal-field components, which are the coefficients in a multipolar expansion of the crystal field about the Al3+ sites that have C-3v symmetry in the lattice. Emission channeling experiments indicate that the Al3+ sites serve as the substitutional sites for Tm3+ in AlN. With only minor adjustments to the calculated centroids to account for J-mixing, the calculated crystal-field splitting of most multiplet manifolds, L-2S+1(J), of Tm3+(4f(12)) based on the B-nm obtained from the lattice-sum calculations, is in good agreement with the reported experimental splitting. C1 San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 2, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. USA, ARL Adelphi Lab Ctr, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Gruber, JB (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. OI Reid, Michael/0000-0002-2984-9951 NR 50 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 24 AR 245108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.245108 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 884UN UT WOS:000226112300026 ER PT J AU Brennan, JK Lisal, M Gubbins, KE Rice, BM AF Brennan, JK Lisal, M Gubbins, KE Rice, BM TI Reaction ensemble molecular dynamics: Direct simulation of the dynamic equilibrium properties of chemically reacting mixtures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CANONICAL MONTE-CARLO; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CARBON MICROPORES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; POROUS MATERIALS; CONFINEMENT; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS; PLASMAS AB A molecular simulation method to study the dynamics of chemically reacting mixtures is presented. The method uses a combination of stochastic and dynamic simulation steps, allowing for the simulation of both thermodynamic and transport properties. The method couples a molecular dynamics simulation cell (termed dynamic cell) to a reaction mixture simulation cell (termed control cell) that is formulated upon the reaction ensemble Monte Carlo (RxMC) method, hence the term reaction ensemble molecular dynamics. Thermodynamic and transport properties are calculated in the dynamic cell by using a constant-temperature molecular dynamics simulation method. RxMC forward and reverse reaction steps are performed in the control cell only, while molecular dynamics steps are performed in both the dynamic cell and the control cell. The control cell, which acts as a sink and source reservoir, is maintained at reaction equilibrium conditions via the RxMC algorithm. The reaction ensemble molecular dynamics method is analogous to the grand canonical ensemble molecular dynamics technique, while using some elements of the osmotic molecular dynamics method, and so simulates conditions that directly relate to real, open systems. The accuracy and stability of the method is assessed by considering the ammonia synthesis reaction N(2)+3H(2)double left right arrow2NH(3). It is shown to be a viable method for predicting the effects of nonideal environments on the dynamic properties (particularly diffusion) as well as reaction equilibria for chemically reacting mixtures. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals, E Hala Lab Thermodynam, CR-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic. JE Purkyne Univ, Dept Phys, Usti Nad Labem 40096, Czech Republic. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Brennan, JK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jbrennan@arl.army.mil RI Lisal, Martin/A-8176-2011 OI Lisal, Martin/0000-0001-8005-7143 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 AR 061103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.061103 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 887IH UT WOS:000226298700008 PM 15697337 ER PT J AU Bodo, M Pearce, FJ Armonda, RA AF Bodo, M Pearce, FJ Armonda, RA TI Cerebrovascular reactivity: rat studies in rheoencephalography SO PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE cerebrovascular reactivity; CBF; REG; LDF; carotid flow; rat ID CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; ELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE; ISCHEMIA; MODEL AB Here we describe a correlative study of cerebral blood flow (CBF) using global, local CBF and carotid flow measurements. The primary objective of this study was to establish a relationship between REG and CBF autoregulation. Rheoencephalography (REG), a rarely used method to measure CBF, is a potential tool of non-invasive continuous life sign monitoring and detection of early cerebrovascular alteration. However, the anatomical background of REG is not clearly understood. Two experimental studies were undertaken on anesthetized rats to define two CBF measurernents: (1) CO2 inhalation, and, (2) clamping of common carotid arteries. Measurement of CBF was taken with REG, laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and carotid flow by Doppler ultrasound. Data were off-line processed. During CO2 inhalation, the increases in REG and LDF were significant (p = 0.0001), while carotid flow and systemic arterial pressure decreased. During carotid artery clamping, the decrease in REG and Doppler ultrasound was significant (p = 0.0001). REG showed cerebrovascular reactivity, indicating the relationship to arteriolar changes. Compared to LDF and carotid flow, only REG showed the classical CBF autoregulation. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resuscitat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Neurosurg, Natl Capital Consortium, Sect Cerebrovasc Surg & Intervent Neuroradiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bodo, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resuscitat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM michael.bodo@na.amedd.army.mil NR 38 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0967-3334 J9 PHYSIOL MEAS JI Physiol. Meas. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1371 EP 1384 AR PII S0967-3334(04)77451-1 DI 10.1088/0967-3334/25/6/003 PG 14 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Physiology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Physiology GA 891OW UT WOS:000226591400003 PM 15712716 ER PT J AU Parker, JM AF Parker, JM TI The regulars: The American Army 1898-1941 SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Parker, JM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 119 IS 4 BP 723 EP 724 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 881VM UT WOS:000225897500038 ER PT J AU Litz, BT Williams, L Wang, J Bryant, R Engel, CC AF Litz, BT Williams, L Wang, J Bryant, R Engel, CC TI A therapist-assisted Internet self-help program for traumatic stress SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS; EXPOSURE THERAPY; RAPE VICTIMS; DISORDER; TELEHEALTH; INTERVENTIONS; SERVICES; FUTURE; SYSTEM AB The authors describe a therapist-assisted, Internet-based self-help intervention to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and discuss how it can be used as an efficient tool to treat large numbers of traumatized individuals. The intervention uses a modified form of stress inoculation training, promoted through daily homework assignments completed in vivo, using fewer therapist resources than standard face-to-face therapy. The process and structure of the treatment program (and structure of the Web site) and clinical and Internet security safeguards are described to introduce practitioners to a unique therapist-assisted self-management model of PTSD. It is hoped that the method described will lead to other novel, efficient methods of delivering interventions and treatment for PTSD in primary care and other outpatient and private practice settings. C1 Natl Ctr PTSD, Behav Sci Div, Boston Dept Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA 02130 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ New S Wales, Dept Psychol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Litz, BT (reprint author), Natl Ctr PTSD, Behav Sci Div, Boston Dept Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130 USA. EM brett.litz@med.va.gov OI Bryant, Richard/0000-0002-9607-819X NR 30 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 628 EP 634 DI 10.1037/0735-7028.35.6.628 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 876OV UT WOS:000225507600008 ER PT J AU Hartzell, JD Zapor, M Peng, S Straight, T AF Hartzell, JD Zapor, M Peng, S Straight, T TI Leprosy: A case series and review SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Hansen disease; immigrant; leprosy; military ID UNITED-STATES; SKIN AB Hansen disease, historically known as leprosy, is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The disease is rare in the United States but remains endemic among certain immigrant populations, and may manifest years after infection. The US military has a number of active duty troops originally from endemic countries. Recently, three US soldiers with Hansen disease were evaluated at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The mean time to diagnosis was 8 months (range, 2 to 18 months). All three patients were initially misdiagnosed and treated for other skin infections or contact dermatitis. These cases illustrate the importance of prompt recognition and treatment of Hansen disease to prevent permanent disability and disfigurement. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, classification, and currently recommended therapeutic regimens for Hansen disease are discussed. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hartzell, JD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM joshua.hartzell@na.amedd.army.mil NR 16 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 97 IS 12 BP 1252 EP 1256 DI 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000146549.63078.39 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 893JM UT WOS:000226715100021 PM 15646765 ER PT J AU Sarkaria, IS Stojadinovic, A Talbot, SG Hoos, A Dudas, ME Brennan, MF Ghossein, RA Singh, B AF Sarkaria, IS Stojadinovic, A Talbot, SG Hoos, A Dudas, ME Brennan, MF Ghossein, RA Singh, B TI Squamous cell carcinoma-related oncogene is highly expressed in developing, normal, and adenomatous adrenal tissue but not in aggressive adrenocortical carcinomas SO SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annua Meeting of the American-Association-of-Endocrine-Surgeons CY APR 04-06, 2004 CL Charlottesville, VA SP Amer Assoc Endocrine Surg ID PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; HEAD; AMPLIFICATION; MICROARRAYS; SPECIMENS; FEATURES; CANCER AB Background. Our previous work has demonstrated squamous cell carcinoma-related oncogene (SCCRO) expression in adult marine adrenocortical tissue. The aim of this study was to assess patterns of SCCRO expression in the embryonic murine adrenal gland, and in normal and neoplastic human adrenocortical tissues in order to determine its role as a marker of differentiation in adrenocortical development and neoplastic progression. Methods. Murine embryos were procured at developmental stages E8 to E18. A tissue microarray was constructed containing 38 normal, 39 adenomalous, and 87 carcinomatous human adrenocortical specimens. Immunohistochemistry for SCCRO was performed and its expression was graded in suitable tissues. Results. SCCRO expression was detected in the marine adrenal cortex as early as E15 and persisted into the postnatal period. High-level SCCRO expression was identified in 94% of normal (32134) and adenomatous (29131) adrenocortical specimens but in only 63% (45172) of adrenocortical carcinoma (A CC) specimens (P =. 001). Loss of SCCRO expression in primary A CC (13134 (34%)) correlated with advanced stage (P 06), presence of M1 disease at presentation (P 03), and worse overall Survival (P =. 006). Conclusions. SCCRO appears to be a marker of adrenocortical differentiation in both marine and human systems. SCCRO expression may be useful in distinguishing adrenocortical adenomas from A CC. Moreover, loss of SCCRO expression in primary A CC is associated with worse outcome and may be a marker of progressive dedifferentiation in these tumors. C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Lab Epithelial Canc Biol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Singh, B (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Lab Epithelial Canc Biol, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. OI Brennan, Murray/0000-0003-2358-4371 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0039-6060 J9 SURGERY JI Surgery PD DEC PY 2004 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1122 EP 1128 DI 10.1016/j.surg.2004.06.041 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 881NS UT WOS:000225874800006 PM 15657565 ER PT J AU Lam, DM Poropatich, RK Gilbert, GR AF Lam, DM Poropatich, RK Gilbert, GR TI Telemedicine standardization in the NATO environment SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article AB As the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO) has evolved its doctrine from that of strictly national medical support during operations to that of multinational medical support, the importance of, and the need for, telemedicine standardization has become apparent. This article describes the efforts made by NATO in recent years to begin the process of telemedicine ( TMED) standardization within the Alliance. C1 USA, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Engn, Dept Elect Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Charles McC Mathias Natl Study Ctr Trauma & Emerg, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lam, DM (reprint author), PSC 79,Box 145, APO, AE 09714 USA. EM Lam@tatrc.org NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD WIN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 459 EP 465 DI 10.1089/tmj.2004.10.459 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 895GU UT WOS:000226849700008 PM 15689651 ER PT J AU Scouten, WT Patel, A Terrell, R Burch, HB Bernet, VJ Tuttle, RM Francis, GL AF Scouten, WT Patel, A Terrell, R Burch, HB Bernet, VJ Tuttle, RM Francis, GL TI Cytoplasmic localization of the paired box gene, pax-8, is found in pediatric thyroid cancer and may be associated with a greater risk of recurrence SO THYROID LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine-Society CY JUN 19-22, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Endocrine Soc ID DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-I; NF-KAPPA-B; CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; CARCINOMA; THYROGLOBULIN; TRANSLOCATION; ADENOMAS; ONCOGENE AB The paired box-8 protein (Pax-8) has been observed in the nucleus of normal adult thyroids, follicular adenomas, follicular thyroid cancers, and papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) but not undifferentiated thyroid cancers. To our knowledge, Pax-8 has not been studied in pediatric thyroid cancer. Because of the more favorable prognosis for PTC in children compared to young patients, we hypothesized that Pax-8 expression might be different in pediatric thyroid cancers. To test this, we stained 47 thyroid lesions from children and young patients for Pax-8. Pax-8 was located in the cytoplasm (cPAX) or nucleus (nPAX) in the majority of samples. There was no significant difference in nPAX between benign and malignant lesions. However, cPAX was more commonly seen in PTC than autoimmune diseases (p = 0.01) and the intensity of cPAX staining correlated with tumor size (p = 0.041), metastasis, age, completeness of resection, local invasion, and tumor size (MACIS) scores (p = 0.045), and the presence of invasion, metastasis, recurrence, or persistence (p = 0.012). Disease-free survival was significantly reduced for cancers with intense cPAX staining (p = 0.0003). These data show that cPAX is common in PTC, and although limited by small sample size, suggest an association with higher MACIS scores, an aggressive clinical course, and an increased risk of clinically evident recurrence for children and young patients. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, Washington, DC USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, New York, NY USA. RP Francis, GL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM gfrancis@usuhs.mil NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1037 EP 1046 DI 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1037 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 885AV UT WOS:000226129200006 PM 15650356 ER PT J AU Hofland, CA Eron, LJ Washecka, RM AF Hofland, CA Eron, LJ Washecka, RM TI Hemorrhagic adenovirus cystitis after renal transplantation SO TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; RECIPIENTS AB Purpose. Viral infections are a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality after renal transplantation. Although cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and polyoma virus infections are common, there have been only a few reports of adenovirus infections. Materials and Methods. We report an unusual case of a patient with adenovirus-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (AHC). We also performed a comprehensive MEDLINE review to identify similar cases. We then compared the presentation, management, and outcome of all patients to identify patterns that may facilitate the diagnosis and management of AHC. Results. Review of the literature revealed 36 other reported cases of AHC in renal transplant recipients. Thirty-six of the 37 cases occurred within 1 year of transplantation. These patients presented with fever, dysuria, hematuria, and graft dysfunction. Thirty-four received high-dose steroids for treatment of symptoms of acute rejection. Four patients received antiviral medications. The infection was self-limited with mean duration of symptoms being 20 days. In all cases, serum creatinine returned to baseline or near baseline levels with resolution of symptoms. Conclusions. Although uncommon, AHC usually presents within 1 year of renal transplantation with a consistent constellation of symptoms. The infection appears to be self-limited with full recovery in most patients within 4 weeks. The efficacy of antiviral medications could not be determined in this review. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Hofland, CA (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 9 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0041-1345 J9 TRANSPLANT P JI Transplant. Proc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 36 IS 10 BP 3025 EP 3027 DI 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.10.090 PG 3 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 894BV UT WOS:000226765800036 PM 15686686 ER PT J AU Metz, S AF Metz, S TI Insurgency and counterinsurgency in Iraq SO WASHINGTON QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Metz, S (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0163-660X J9 WASH QUART JI Wash. Q. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1162/016366003322596891 PG 12 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 749BA UT WOS:000186897700002 ER PT J AU Cerco, CF Noel, MR Tillman, DH AF Cerco, CF Noel, MR Tillman, DH TI A practical application of Droop nutrient kinetics (WR 1883) SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE droop kinetics; phytoplankton; phosphorus; chlorophyll; eutrophication; mathematical models; St. Johns river ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; LIMITATION; LIGHT; MODEL AB Algal growth kinetics based on internal phosphorus concentration were incorporated into an existing eutrophication model. Application to a closed system resulted in damped oscillations in algal biomass and phosphate relative to a model with fixed composition. Peak biomass did not differ substantially, however, from that attained using a model with fixed, minimal phosphorus-to-carbon ratio. Sensitivity analyses were conducted following model application to the lower St. Johns River, Florida. Factor-of-two changes in key parameters had little influence on computed chlorophyll. Varying model parameters exerted a larger influence on dissolved phosphate concentration. We conclude Droop kinetics present a mechanism for regulating computed nutrient concentrations rather than computed chlorophyll concentrations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cerco, CF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Mail Stop EP-W,3900 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM cercoc@wes.army.mil NR 12 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 38 IS 20 BP 4446 EP 4454 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2004.08.027 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 881IJ UT WOS:000225856300016 PM 15556219 ER PT J AU Hardy, JP Melloh, R Koenig, G Marks, D Winstral, A Pomeroy, JW Link, T AF Hardy, JP Melloh, R Koenig, G Marks, D Winstral, A Pomeroy, JW Link, T TI Solar radiation transmission through conifer canopies SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE transmissivity of canopy to direct radiation; hemispherical photography; canopy light gaps; solar radiation; snowcover ID BOREAL FOREST; HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHY; LIGHT CLIMATE; AREA INDEX; STAND; MODEL; ALBEDO AB Energy budget dynamics under forest canopies are strongly influenced by the large spatial variability of radiative and turbulent transfers in this environment. Incoming solar radiation under canopies has a particularly high degree of spatial variability. Transmission of solar radiation through a forest canopy varies with the size and location of the canopy gaps, as well as canopy leaf area. Modeling this transmission has proven challenging owing to the highly variable nature of the gaps within and between tree crowns, particularly in discontinuous canopies. This study describes and simulates the solar variability incident on the snow surface beneath two conifer forests. Objectives of this work are (1) to evaluate the variability of incoming solar radiation data with respect to canopy structure and cloudiness, (2) to correlate measured solar radiation transmission with predicted solar transmission based on analysis of hemispherical photographs, and (3) to examine the impact of measured and predicted transmission factors on the seasonal net radiative exchanges and snow ablation, based on snow process modeling. Observations were made during the winters of 2002 and 2003 in two predominately lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands, one discontinuous and one relatively uniform, at the Local Scale Observation Site (LSOS) in Fraser, CO, USA, as part of the Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). The canopy structure of all trees in the 0.8 ha triangular plot was measured and mapped in detail. We measured incoming global solar radiation at the snow surface beneath the discontinuous and the uniform canopies using arrays of 10 upward looking pyranometers at each site. Incoming global solar radiation was also measured above the canopy. Hemispherical photographs were taken with a Nikon Coolpix 995 with a fisheye converter at each radiometer location in both canopies, and were analyzed with Gap Light Analyzer (GLA) software. We found good agreement between measured and GLA-predicted transmissivities (r(2) = 0.86) when all data from both years were considered. Transmission factors derived from hemispheric photos and GLA software can be used to specify the distribution of solar flux under a canopy, instead of direct solar flux measurements, without degradation in snow model melt predictions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USDA, ARS, Boise, ID USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Hardy, JP (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM janet.p.hardy@erdc.usace.army.mil RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012; Pomeroy, John/A-8589-2013 OI Pomeroy, John/0000-0002-4782-7457 NR 35 TC 87 Z9 99 U1 6 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 30 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.06.012 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 877WX UT WOS:000225606900005 ER PT J AU Taylor, PJ Harman, TC Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Fraser, JC Tidrow, MZ AF Taylor, PJ Harman, TC Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Fraser, JC Tidrow, MZ TI IV-VI device arrays: Microfabrication and specific contact resistivity SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Techniques for the preparation of highly integrated arrays of IV-VI semiconductors are presented. PbSnTeSe films were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy and array structures are fabricated by photolithography, electrical contact formation, and etching. The rationale for forming electrical contacts with low specific contact resistivity is provided. Characterization of the specific contact resistivity was performed using a transmission line technique. Using a procedure discussed in this letter, specific contact resistivity measurements as low as 7x10(-8) Omega cm(2) have been obtained and demonstrate the feasibility of a class of highly integrated IV-VI device technology. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Infrared Mat & Devices Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Missile Def Agcy AS, 7100 Def Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301 USA. Utah State Univ, Space Dynam Lab, N Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Taylor, PJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Infrared Mat & Devices Branch, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ndhar@arl.army.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 29 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 22 BP 5415 EP 5417 DI 10.1063/1.1825056 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876GC UT WOS:000225483700096 ER PT J AU Konorov, SO Ivanov, AA Akimov, DA Alfimov, MV Podshivalov, AA Kondrat'ev, YN Shevandin, VS Dukel'skii, KV Khokhlov, AV Scalora, M Zheltikov, AM AF Konorov, SO Ivanov, AA Akimov, DA Alfimov, MV Podshivalov, AA Kondrat'ev, YN Shevandin, VS Dukel'skii, KV Khokhlov, AV Scalora, M Zheltikov, AM TI Cross-phase-modulation-controlled spectral transformations of ultrashort pulses in photonic-crystal fibres SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURE FIBER; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; CONTINUUM GENERATION; OPTICAL-FIBERS; LASER-PULSES; SPECTROSCOPY; DISPERSION AB Cross-phase modulation provides an efficient means to control spectral transformations of femtosecond laser pulses in photonic-crystal fibres with a specially designed dispersion profile. Femtosecond pulses of fundamental radiation of a Cr:forsterite laser are shown to induce an asymmetric spectral broadening of the anti-Stokes signal generated in a photonic-crystal fibre by the pulses of second-harmonic radiation of the same laser. Cross-phase-modulation-induced phase shifts control the efficiency of anti-Stokes generation in a photonic-crystal fibre, suggesting a method of switching the anti-Stokes signal on and off by varying the intensity of the control laser pulse. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Ctr Photochem, Moscow 117421, Russia. SI Vavilov State Opt Inst, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. USA, Weap Sci Directorate, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Ctr Int Laser, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP Zheltikov, AM (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Vorobevy Gory, Moscow 119899, Russia. EM zheltikov@top.phys.msu.su RI Alfimov, Michael/C-1118-2008; Dukel'skii, Konstantin/N-1523-2014 OI Dukel'skii, Konstantin/0000-0002-1627-7499 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 26 PY 2004 VL 6 AR 182 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/182 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 875GR UT WOS:000225408800009 ER PT J AU Fonseca, DM Keyghobadi, N Malcolm, CA Schaffner, F Mogi, M Fleischer, RC Wilkerson, RC AF Fonseca, DM Keyghobadi, N Malcolm, CA Schaffner, F Mogi, M Fleischer, RC Wilkerson, RC TI Outbreak of West Nile virus in North America - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID HOST-FEEDING PATTERNS; MOSQUITOS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; BIRDS C1 Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. Okanagan Univ Coll, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Sch Biol Sci, London E1 4NS, England. Adege, EID Mediterranee, F-34184 Montpellier 4, France. Saga Med Sch, Saga 8498501, Japan. Smithsonian Inst, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fonseca, DM (reprint author), Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. OI Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 26 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 5701 BP 1473 EP 1475 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 875ST UT WOS:000225442700021 ER PT J AU Scott, JR Wright, JB AF Scott, JR Wright, JB TI Computational investigation of the solvation of nitric acid: Formation of the NO3- and H3O+ ion pair SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; FUNCTION COUNTERPOISE METHOD; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; AB-INITIO; EQUILIBRIUM GEOMETRIES; ABINITIO CALCULATIONS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; TRANSITION-STATES; ORBITAL METHODS AB MP2 and B3LYP calculations were performed on complexes of nitric acid with water using the 6-311++G(2d,p) basis set to determine optimized geometries and binding energies for HNO(3)(...)nH(2)O systems (n = 1-4). The structures for the global minima for n = 1-4 have homodromic rings formed by successive hydrogen bonds. The potential energy surface for the HNO(3)(...)nH(2)O clusters is quite shallow. The first stable ion-pair configuration is obtained for a HNO(3)(...)4H(2)O Complex. The ion pair, H3O+-NO3, is separated by the three H2O molecules forming an Eigen-ion (H9O4+) type structure. The transition states and activation barriers for n = 1-4 were also determined. The zero-point corrected transition-state barrier for the ion pair is only 0.5 kcal/mol. Larger HNO(3)(...)nH(2)O clusters (n up to 32) were also determined to be dominated by the ion-pair motif. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, RDECOM, AMSRD,NSC,SS,MS, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Scott, JR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM scotjr@inel.gov RI Scott, Jill/G-7275-2012 NR 61 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 47 BP 10578 EP 10585 DI 10.1021/jp047663a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 872RY UT WOS:000225227300026 ER PT J AU Jackson, WL AF Jackson, WL TI Acute renal failure and sepsis SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Jackson, WL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM william.jackson1@na.amedd.army.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 22 BP 2347 EP 2347 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 873RH UT WOS:000225298100033 PM 15570687 ER PT J AU A-Nuegoonpipat, A Berlioz-Arthaud, A Chow, V Endy, T Lowry, K Mai, LQ Ninh, TU Pyke, A Reid, M Reynes, JM Yun, STS Thu, HM Wong, SS Holmes, EC Aaskov, J AF A-Nuegoonpipat, A Berlioz-Arthaud, A Chow, V Endy, T Lowry, K Mai, LQ Ninh, TU Pyke, A Reid, M Reynes, JM Yun, STS Thu, HM Wong, SS Holmes, EC Aaskov, J TI Sustained transmission of dengue virus type 1 in the Pacific due to repeated introductions of different Asian strains SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE dengue viruses; evolution; phylogeny; epidemiology; Asia and the Pacific ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; POPULATIONS; SEROTYPE-2; EVOLUTION; EMERGENCE; EPIDEMIC AB Outbreaks of dengue due to dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) occurred almost simultaneously in 2001 in Myanmar and at multiple sites almost 10,000 km away in the Pacific. Phylogenetic analyses of the E protein genes of DENV-1 strains recovered from Asia and the Pacific revealed three major viral genotypes (1, 11, and 111) with distinct clades within each. The majority of strains from the Pacific and Myanmar, and a number of other Asian strains fell into genotype I. Genotype II comprised a smaller set of Asian and Pacific strains, while genotype III contained viruses from diverse geographical localities. These analyses suggested that the continuing outbreak of dengue in the Pacific has been due to multiple, direct, introductions of dengue viruses from a variety of locations in Asia followed by local transmission. There was no evidence that the introduction of these viruses into the Pacific was associated with any adaptive changes in the E protein of the viruses. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Queensland Univ Technol, Ctr Mol Biotechnol, Sch Life Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Inst Pasteur, Noumea, New Caledonia. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Microbiol, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Queensland Hlth Sci Serv, Coopers Plains, Australia. Australian Army Malaria Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Inst Pasteur Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Univ Malaya, Dept Med Microbiol, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Aaskov, J (reprint author), Queensland Univ Technol, Ctr Mol Biotechnol, Sch Life Sci, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. EM j.aaskov@qut.edu.au RI Reynes, Jean-Marc/M-6108-2014; OI Holmes, Edward/0000-0001-9596-3552 NR 29 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 24 PY 2004 VL 329 IS 2 BP 505 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.08.029 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 872GH UT WOS:000225195200026 PM 15518827 ER PT J AU Holler, S Zomer, S Crosta, GF Pan, YL Chang, RK Bottiger, JR AF Holler, S Zomer, S Crosta, GF Pan, YL Chang, RK Bottiger, JR TI Multivariate analysis and classification of two-dimensional angular optical scattering patterns from aggregates SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; CROSS-SECTIONS; SPHERES; PARTICLES; SYSTEM; SIZE; AEROSOLS AB Two-dimensional light-scattering patterns from aggregates have undergone feature extraction followed by multivariate statistical analysis. The aggregates are comprised of primary particles of varying shape and size. Morphological descriptors (features) were extracted by a nonlinear filtering algorithm (spectrum enhancement) and then processed by principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis. The analysis was performed on two data sets, one in which the aggregates had a fixed primary particle size but varied in overall dimension and another in which the aggregate size was fixed but the primary particle size varied. Classification of the samples was performed adequately, providing some distinction among the limited classes that were analyzed. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Nova Wave Technol, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA. Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Environm Sci, Milan, Italy. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USA, Soldier Biol Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Holler, S (reprint author), Nova Wave Technol, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA. EM sholler@novawavetech.com NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 33 BP 6198 EP 6206 DI 10.1364/AO.43.006198 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 876XH UT WOS:000225531600018 PM 15605562 ER PT J AU Wang, G Gertner, G Anderson, AB AF Wang, G Gertner, G Anderson, AB TI Up-scaling methods based on variability-weighting and simulation for inferring spatial information across scales SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SOIL LOSS EQUATION; RESOLUTION; SIZE AB Appropriate up-scaling methods to infer spatial information from a finer to a coarser spatial resolution are required when remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) are used to generate multi-scale maps that are needed for agriculture, forestry, natural resources, environmental systems, and landscape ecology. The existing methods used in commercial GIS and image analysis packages such as Window Averaging (WA) often do not work well because of different limitations. In this study we developed and compared five widely used WA methods including three spatial variability-weighted methods and two simulation methods. These methods were assessed in a case study for aggregating and using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images for mapping vegetation covers and for inferring a topographical factor related to soil erosion from finer to coarser resolutions. The results showed that the Beta Distribution Simulation (BDS) method was better than WA regardless of the distributions of the spatial data, while the Arithmetic Average Variability-Weighted method (AAVW) performed better than WA for normal distributions. BDS is flexible for variable distributions and AAVW is only suitable for normal distributions. Because of their simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility, it is expected that these two methods can be programmed into commercial GIS and image analysis packages. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Gertner, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, W503 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gertner@uiuc.edu RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 20 PY 2004 VL 25 IS 22 BP 4961 EP 4979 DI 10.1080/01431160410001680428 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 873ZZ UT WOS:000225322000008 ER PT J AU Ruff, W Aliberti, K Giza, M Potter, W Redman, B Stann, B AF Ruff, W Aliberti, K Giza, M Potter, W Redman, B Stann, B TI Translational Doppler detection using direct-detect chirped amplitude-modulated laser radar SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE LADAR; Doppler detection; optoelectronic mixers; InGaAs; photodetectors AB Translational Doppler detection using a direct-detect, chirped, amplitude-modulated LADAR is demonstrated. A nonoptically coherent system is utilized to lower the target-induced Doppler shift to tens of Hz, as opposed to several hundreds of megahertz for a coherent LADAR design. The Doppler shift is imposed on both the laser carrier and the intensity modulation impressed on the laser carrier. The data indicate that the LADAR is able to measure the Doppler shift due to the translational motion of a moving target. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ruff, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 4 BP 358 EP 363 DI 10.1002/mop.20469 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 862EO UT WOS:000224473200028 ER PT J AU D'Aguanno, G Mattiucci, N Scalora, M Bloemer, MJ AF D'Aguanno, G Mattiucci, N Scalora, M Bloemer, MJ TI Bright and dark gap solitons in a negative index Fabry-Perot etalon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR PERIODIC STRUCTURES; SOLITARY WAVES; REFRACTION; MEDIA AB We predict the existence of bright and dark gap solitons in a single slab of negative index material. The formation of gap solitons is made possible by the exceptional interplay between the linear dispersive properties of the negative index etalon and the effect of a cubic nonlinearity. C1 Time Domain Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Univ RomaTre, Dipartimento Fis E Amaldi, I-00146 Rome, Italy. RP D'Aguanno, G (reprint author), Time Domain Corp, Cummings Res Pk 7057 Old Madison Pike, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. OI D'Aguanno, Giuseppe/0000-0002-7132-0103 NR 24 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 21 AR 213902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.213902 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 872PU UT WOS:000225220500027 PM 15601010 ER PT J AU Roach, TA Macdonald, VW Hosmane, RS AF Roach, TA Macdonald, VW Hosmane, RS TI A novel site-directed affinity reagent for cross-linking human hemoglobin: Bis[2-(4-phosphonooxyphenoxy)carbonylethyl]phosphinic acid SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN; BLOOD SUBSTITUTE; ARTIFICIAL BLOOD; DESIGN; PHOSPHATE; PROTEINS; SUBUNITS; DELIVERY; BCCEP AB Bis[2-(4-phosphonooxyphenoxy)carbonylethyl]phosphinc acid (BPPCEP) was prepared and evaluated as a site-directed affinity reagent for cross-linking human hemoglobin. It was synthesized in four steps starting from 4-benzyloxyphenol and was converted to its pentasodium salt so as to afford efficient cross-linking in an aqueous medium. The reagent was found to specifically cross-link human hemoglobin A(0) in the beta-cleft chains under oxygenated reaction conditions at neutral pH. The amino acid residues involved in the cross-linking were determined by mass spectral analyses of tryptic digest fragments of cross-linked hemoglobin, employing a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. The MS analyses suggested that the most likely amino acids involved in the cross-links are Val-1 or Lys-82 present on one of the beta subunits and Lys-82 or Lys- 144 on the other. Molecular modeling studies performed on the reagent-HbA(0) complex corroborated the conclusions reached by MALDI-MS analyses. The oxygen equilibrium measurements of the three major BPPCEP-cross-linked Hb products, isolated and purified by preparative cation exchange chromatography, exhibited oxygen affinity (P-50) values of 14.5, 12.1, and 15.5 Torr as compared with the P50 of 13.1 Torr for cell-free hemoglobin. The oxygen-binding cooperativity of the modified products, as determined by the Hill coefficient generated from the Hill plots of the respective P-50 values, coupled with the absence of sigmoidal shape of the O-2 equilibrium curves, was considerably lower than that of the native hemoglobin. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Lab Drug Design & Synth, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Blood Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hosmane, RS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Lab Drug Design & Synth, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM hosmane@umbc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL48632] NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD NOV 18 PY 2004 VL 47 IS 24 BP 5847 EP 5859 DI 10.1021/jm030645k PG 13 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 870YT UT WOS:000225095700006 PM 15537342 ER PT J AU Ault, BS Balboa, A Tevault, D Hurley, M AF Ault, BS Balboa, A Tevault, D Hurley, M TI Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and theoretical study of the interaction of water with dimethyl methylphosphonate SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-BONDED COMPLEXES; AB-INITIO; ARGON MATRICES; IR-SPECTRA; H2O2; DIMETHYLMETHYLPHOSPHONATE AB Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy has been combined with theoretical calculations for the characterization of the 1:1 hydrogen-bonded complex between H2O and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). The symmetric O-H stretching mode was observed to shift 203 cm(-1) to lower energy upon hydrogen bond formation, while a 32 cm(-1) blue shift was noted for the H-O-H bending mode of the H2O subunit in the complex. These values compare extremely well with the (unscaled) shifts of -203 and +32 cm(-1), respectively, that were calculated theoretically at the MP2/6-31+G** level. Additional perturbed modes of the DMMP subunit were observed, shifted relative to the parent band position. The greatest perturbation was to the P=O stretching mode near 1270 cm(-1), where a shift of -17 cm(-1) was observed (-21 cm(-1) calculated theoretically). This suggests that the site of hydrogen bonding in the complex is at the P=O group, in agreement with theoretical calculations. The binding energy DeltaEdegrees for the 1:1 complex was calculated to be -7.7 kcal/mol. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ault, BS (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, POB 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 18 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 46 BP 10094 EP 10098 DI 10.1021/jp046518x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 870SU UT WOS:000225079100010 ER PT J AU Rice, BM Sorescu, DC AF Rice, BM Sorescu, DC TI Assessing a generalized CHNO intermolecular potential through ab initio crystal structure prediction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SMALL ORGANIC-MOLECULES; NITRAMINE CRYSTALS; MP2 ENERGY; DYNAMICS; RDX; PACKING; HMX; TRANSFERABILITY; GRADIENT; STORAGE AB We have analyzed a previously proposed [J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 798] Buckingham repulsion-dispersion intermolecular potential originally developed for the nitramine explosive RDX using ab initio crystal prediction methods. A total of 174 crystals whose molecules contain functional groups common to CHNO energetic materials were subjected to this methodology. This database includes acyclic and cyclic nitramines, nitrate esters, nitroaromatics, and nitroaliphatic systems. The results of these investigations have shown that for 148 of the 174 systems studied the predicted crystal structures matched the experimental configurations; 75% of these corresponded to the global energy minimum on the potential energy surface. Root-mean-square percent differences between the predicted and the experimental values for the cell edge lengths and densities are about 2 and 4%, respectively. Root-mean-square deviations of rigid body rotational and translational displacements are 2degrees and 0.07 Angstrom, respectively. Additionally, these same statistics are applicable to the nitramine, nitroaliphatic, nitroaromatic, and nitrate ester classes, suggesting that this interaction potential is transferable across these classes of compounds. The success rate in predicting crystals with structural parameters and space group symmetries in agreement with experiment indicates that this method and interaction potential are suitable for use in crystal predictions of similar CHNO systems when the molecular configuration is known. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 40 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 18 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 46 BP 17730 EP 17739 DI 10.1021/jp047334l PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 870SW UT WOS:000225079300006 ER PT J AU Chang, GY AF Chang, GY TI Left nasal discharge and meningitis SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 121st US Army Gen Hosp, Seoul 962050017, South Korea. RP Chang, GY (reprint author), 121st US Army Gen Hosp, Seoul 962050017, South Korea. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 18 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 21 BP E19 EP E19 DI 10.1056/NEJMicm040170 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 871UU UT WOS:000225160600013 PM 15548770 ER PT J AU Gidvani, VK Ramkissoon, SH Wong, EW Mainwaring, L Sloand, EM Young, NS AF Gidvani, VK Ramkissoon, SH Wong, EW Mainwaring, L Sloand, EM Young, NS TI Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 promoter gene Polymorphisms in acquired bone marrow failure syndromes. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 04-07, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Natl Capital Consortium, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 104 IS 11 MA 3707 BP 12B EP 13B PN 2 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 871JO UT WOS:000225127700039 ER PT J AU Buda, EM Van Echo, DC Weiss, B Cruser, DL Alvarez, GV Reid, TJ AF Buda, EM Van Echo, DC Weiss, B Cruser, DL Alvarez, GV Reid, TJ TI Response to high dose (HD) imatinib therapy in relapsed c-kit plus acute myeloid leukemia (AML). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 04-07, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 104 IS 11 BP 216B EP 217B PN 2 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 871JO UT WOS:000225127700862 ER PT J AU Arnaud, F Hammett, M Philbin, N Rice, J Dong, F Flournoy, S Pearce, B McCarron, R Freilich, D AF Arnaud, F Hammett, M Philbin, N Rice, J Dong, F Flournoy, S Pearce, B McCarron, R Freilich, D TI Coagulation and resuscitation patterns following transfusion with polymerized hemoglobin based oxygen carrier (HBOC-201) after severe hemorrhage in swine SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 04-07, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Hematomimet, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Vet Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. Biopure Corp, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 104 IS 11 MA 2704 BP 738A EP 738A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 871JM UT WOS:000225127502705 ER PT J AU Bolan, CD Yau, YY Kim, CS Celi, FS Leitman, SF AF Bolan, CD Yau, YY Kim, CS Celi, FS Leitman, SF TI Prevalence and clinical impact of abnormal thyroid function tests (TFTs) in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 04-07, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 NIH, Ctr Clin, Dept Transfus Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Headquarters Co, Silver Spring, MD USA. NIDDKD, Clin Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 104 IS 11 MA 2724 BP 744A EP 744A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 871JM UT WOS:000225127502725 ER PT J AU Shumway, NM Weiss, BM Ketchum, LH Reid, TJ AF Shumway, NM Weiss, BM Ketchum, LH Reid, TJ TI Hematology consultation along with the 4 T's clinical scoring system improves the evaluation and management of heparin induced thrombocytopenia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 04-07, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 104 IS 11 MA 3031 BP 828A EP 828A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 871JM UT WOS:000225127503032 ER PT J AU Kumar, R Sharma, AK Parmar, VS Watterson, AC Chittibabu, KG Kumar, J Samuelson, LA AF Kumar, R Sharma, AK Parmar, VS Watterson, AC Chittibabu, KG Kumar, J Samuelson, LA TI Flexible, dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells employing biocatalytically synthesized polymeric electrolytes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; CONDUCTING POLYANILINE; ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; IONIC LIQUIDS; MEMBRANES; GEL; GELATORS AB A variety of tethered PEGylated polymers were synthesized using a mild, environmentally benign, and highly selective biocatalytic approach for preparing a quasi-solid electrolyte system for dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells (DSSC). The biocatalytic approach developed is based on immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozyme-435)-catalyzed copolymerization reactions; the polymeric materials thus-obtained were further functionalized with hydrophobic and hydrophilic side chains using mild chemical reactions. All these polymeric materials were used in formulating quasi-solid electrolyte compositions and incorporated into flexible DSSCs, and solar conversion efficiency of as high as 4.6% was obtained. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Inst Nano Sci Engn & Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Delhi, Dept Chem, Bioorgan Lab, Delhi 110007, India. Konarka Technol, Lowell, MA 01852 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, RDECOM, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kumar, R (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM jayant_kumar@uml.edu NR 25 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 23 BP 4841 EP 4846 DI 10.1021/cm0496568 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 870SQ UT WOS:000225078600053 ER PT J AU Tao, LD Yu, XL Snyder, AP Li, L AF Tao, LD Yu, XL Snyder, AP Li, L TI Bacterial identification by protein mass mapping combined with an experimentally derived protein mass database SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WHOLE CELLS; MALDI-TOF; MICROORGANISM IDENTIFICATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATTOMOLE DETECTION; SPECTROMETRY; REPRODUCIBILITY; SENSITIVITY; RESOLUTION; PEPTIDE AB A protein mass mapping approach using mass spectrometry (MS) combined with an experimentally derived protein mass database is presented for rapid and effective identification of bacterial species. A prototype mass database from the protein extracts of nine bacterial species has been created by off-line high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS, in which the microbiological parameter of bacterial growth time is considered. A numerical method using a statistical weight factor algorithm is devised for matching the protein masses of an unknown bacterial sample against the database. The sum of these weight factors produces a corresponding summed weight factor score for each bacterial species listed in the database, and the database species producing the highest score represents the identity of the respective unknown bacterium. The applicability and reliability of this protein mass mapping approach has been tested with seven bacterial species in a single-blind study by both direct MALDI MS and HPLC electrospray ionization MS methods, and identification results with 100% accuracy are obtained. Our studies have demonstrated that the protein mass database can be rapidly established and readily adopted with relatively less dependency on experimental factors. Furthermore, it is shown that a number of proteins can be detected using a protein sample amount equivalent to an extract of less than 1000 cells, demonstrating that this protein mass mapping approach can potentially be highly sensitive for rapid bacterial identification. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. EM Liang.U@ualberta.ca RI Li, Liang/D-1822-2011 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 22 BP 6609 EP 6617 DI 10.1021/ac049391g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 870RU UT WOS:000225076400014 PM 15538784 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Rybczynski, J Wang, DZ Kempa, K Ren, ZF Li, WZ Kimball, B AF Wang, Y Rybczynski, J Wang, DZ Kempa, K Ren, ZF Li, WZ Kimball, B TI Periodicity and alignment of large-scale carbon nanotubes arrays SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EMISSION; SENSORS AB Intensive studies have been carried out on controlling the periodicity and alignment of large-scale periodic arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Catalytic dots are first prepared by self-assembly of polystyrene spheres on chromium-coated silicon substrates. Preparation parameters for CNTs growth including temperature, thickness of catalytic dots, plasma current intensity, and pregrowth plasma etching time are fine tuned and analyzed to achieve optimal combinations. High-quality aligned CNTs arrays with long-range periodicity and controlled diameters have been achieved. The good periodicity and alignment are critical for their applications such as photonic crystals, negative index of refraction, etc. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Ren, ZF (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM renzh@bc.edu RI Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014; Li, Wenzhi/J-6797-2016 OI Li, Wenzhi/0000-0001-8442-2232 NR 14 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 20 BP 4741 EP 4743 DI 10.1063/1.1819992 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 871WD UT WOS:000225166400061 ER PT J AU Seward, JF Galil, K Damon, I Norton, SA Rotz, L Schmid, S Harpaz, R Cono, J Marin, M Hutchins, S Chaves, SS McCauley, MM AF Seward, JF Galil, K Damon, I Norton, SA Rotz, L Schmid, S Harpaz, R Cono, J Marin, M Hutchins, S Chaves, SS McCauley, MM TI Development and experience with an algorithm to evaluate suspected smallpox cases in the United States, 2002-2004 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COWPOX AB Concerns that smallpox, an eradicated disease, might reappear because of a bioterror attack and limited experience with smallpox diagnosis in the United States prompted us to design a clinical algorithm. We used clinical features of classic smallpox to classify persons presenting with suspected smallpox rashes into 3 categories: those with high, those with moderate, and those with low risk of having smallpox. The classification guides subsequent diagnostic strategies, limiting smallpox laboratory testing to high-risk persons to minimize the number of false-positive test results. From January 2002 through June 2004, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) received 43 consultations regarding suspected smallpox cases. No patient was at high risk for having smallpox. One patient was tested for the presence of variola virus. Varicella was the diagnosis for 23 cases (53%). The algorithm worked well to guide clinical and public health responses to suspected smallpox cases. The poster is available from CDC, and an interactive version and laboratory protocol are available at http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/diagnosis/riskalgorithm/index.asp. We recommend use of the algorithm in the United States and elsewhere. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Seward, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Cliton Rd NE,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jseward@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1477 EP 1483 DI 10.1086/425500 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JH UT WOS:000227492000013 PM 15546084 ER PT J AU Jones, KA Shah, PB Zheleva, TS Ervin, MH Derenge, MA Freitas, JA Harmon, S McGee, J Vispute, RD AF Jones, KA Shah, PB Zheleva, TS Ervin, MH Derenge, MA Freitas, JA Harmon, S McGee, J Vispute, RD TI Effects of high-temperature anneals on 4H-SiC implanted with Al or Al and Si SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; JUNCTION DIODES; ALUMINUM; 4H; IMPLANTATIONS; MOSFETS; DEFECTS; CAP; 6H AB Co-implanting Si into 4H-SiC with Al hinders the ability of the Al acceptors to activate electrically at the lower annealing temperatures, but for annealing temperatures>1600degreesC, the effect is much less, suggesting that the activation energy for incorporating Al as an acceptor no longer controls the rate-determining step in this process. The cathodoluminescence data indicate that Al acceptors are trapped out by the D-I defect, and this effect is more pronounced for the higher annealing temperatures. The increase in chi(min) with the annealing temperature at the higher temperatures can be explained by the nucleation and growth of structural defects, and the transmission electron miscroscopy results show that these defects are stacking faults. The stacking faults can be described as being quantum dots of different polytypes or domain walls with a point-defect periodic structure between the faulted and unfaulted regions, and they could be the source for the peaks associated with the D-I defect. Also, we observed that the higher-energy peak in the D-I doublet increases in intensity relative to the lower-energy peak as the annealing temperature and the initial implant damage increase. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM kajones@arl.army.mil NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 10 BP 5613 EP 5618 DI 10.1063/1.1798404 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 868PR UT WOS:000224926000034 ER PT J AU Kurian, M Dasgupta, A Beyer, FL Galvin, ME AF Kurian, M Dasgupta, A Beyer, FL Galvin, ME TI Investigation of the effects of silicate modification on polymer-layered silicate nanocomposite morphology SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites; morphology; quaternized polystyrene surfactants; textured silicate surfaces; SAXS; ccompatibilization ID POLYPROPYLENE-CLAY HYBRIDS; NONWETTING LIQUID-FILMS; MELT INTERCALATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; EPOXY NANOCOMPOSITES; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); MONTMORILLONITE; REINFORCEMENT; MODEL; THIN AB The morphological behavior of a series Of polymer-layered silicate nano-composites (PLSNs) has been investigated. The goal was to probe the effect of "textured" silicate surfaces on PLSN morphology. The nanocomposites were fabricated by mixing montmorillonite clay that was carefully modified with tailor-made polystyrene (PS) surfactants into a PS homopolymer matrix, where the chemical similarity of the matrix polymer and surfactants assures complete miscibility of surfactant and homopolymer. To examine the effect of silicate surface, "texture," clay was modified with combinations of long and short surfactants. The samples were then direct melt annealed to allow the equilibrium morphology to develop, and characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering. Based on the implications of;the Balazs model and other work on the wetting behavior of polymer melts with longer; surfactants and textured surfaces we expected that the intercalation of the homopolymer matrix material into the modified clay would be promoted. Extensive characterization of both the modified clays as well as the resultant nanocomposites clearly show that the modified clays exhibit a high degree of order, but also that only phase-separated morphologies are formed in the corresponding nanocomposites. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Multifunct Mat Branch, US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Beyer, FL (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM megalvin@udd.edu; flbeyer@arl.army.mil NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 22 BP 4075 EP 4083 DI 10.1002/polb.20233 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 867BS UT WOS:000224817700005 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS Xu, K Jow, TR AF Zhang, SS Xu, K Jow, TR TI Evaluation on a water-based binder for the graphite anode of Li-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE binder; graphite anode; solid electrolyte interface; self-delithiation; li-ion battery ID THERMAL-STABILITY AB We evaluate poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (AMAC) as a water-based binder for the graphite anode of Li-ion batteries. It is shown that AMAC has a similar bonding ability as the conventional poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) binder, and that the graphite electrodes bonded by AMAC and PVDF have nearly the same cyclability. Advantages of AMAC binder include: (1) it assists in forming a more conductive solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the surface of graphite and (2) organic liquid electrolyte exhibits better penetration on the AMAC-bonded electrode. Impedance analysis shows that formation of the SEI on the surface of graphite includes two stages. The first stage takes place above 0.15 V and the second stage between 0.15 and 0.04 V. The SEI formed in the first stage is relatively resistive, while that formed in the second stage is highly conductive. For the first stage, the presence of AMAC may enhance the conductivity of the SEI. We performed a storage test on the AMAC-bonded graphite by monitoring the change of open-circuit voltage (OCV) of fully lithiated Li/graphite cells and by comparing their capacity change before and after storage. We observed that OCV of the cell increased gradually, and that capacity loss during the storage recovered in the subsequent lithiation process. Therefore, the OCV increase could be considered a self-delithiation process, which does not consume permanently Li+ ions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM szhang@arl.army.mil RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 9 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 226 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.05.056 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 871SV UT WOS:000225154600027 ER PT J AU Wolfenstine, J Poese, B Allen, JL AF Wolfenstine, J Poese, B Allen, JL TI Chemical oxidation of LiCoPO4 SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Letter ID LITHIUM; BATTERIES; CATHODES C1 USN, ARL, SE DC, AMSRD,Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USN, ARL, SE DC, AMSRD,Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jwolfenstine@arl.army.mil NR 12 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 281 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.06.030 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 871SV UT WOS:000225154600036 ER PT J AU Ding, MS Xu, K Zheng, JP Jow, TR AF Ding, MS Xu, K Zheng, JP Jow, TR TI gamma-Butyrolactone-acetonitrile solution of triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate as an electrolyte for double-layer capacitors SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE non-aqueous solvent; electrolyte; double-layer capacitor; phase diagram; electrolytic conductivity; electrochemical stability ID QUATERNARY ONIUM SALTS; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; CONDUCTIVITY; BATTERIES; SYSTEM AB Properties of a gamma-butyrolactone-acetonitrile solution of triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate were systematically measured for its potential to be used as an electrolyte in double-layer capacitors and for demonstrating the ways in which these properties can be optimized through choosing an appropriate solvent mixture and an appropriate salt and adjusting the electrolyte composition. These properties included the liquid range of the solvent and the solution at different compositions, the dielectric constant of the binary solvent as a function of solvent composition and temperature, the conductivity of the solution as a function of salt content, solvent composition, and temperature and the oxidative stability of the electrolytes at different solvent compositions. To correlate the properties of the electrolytes with the properties and performance of the double-layer capacitors utilizing the electrolytes, such capacitors were built and their equivalent series resistance, cyclic voltammogram, and operating voltage were measured for different solvent compositions of the capacitor electrolytes. The results revealed a clear correlation between the conductivity and the oxidative stability of the electrolytes and the equivalent series resistance and the operating voltage of the capacitors, respectively. Furthermore, it is clearly demonstrated that by using a binary solvent and adjusting its composition properly, the electrolyte it makes with an appropriate salt can be effectively optimized with regard to its liquid range, conductivity, and electrochemical stability window, which in turn imparts the double-layer capacitor utilizing such an electrolyte with a set of optimal properties such as a wide range of operating temperature, low equivalent series resistance, and high operating voltage. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Ding, MS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM mding@arl.army.mil NR 32 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 340 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.jpoesour.2004.06.039 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 871SV UT WOS:000225154600046 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI The dive: A story of love and obsession. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 129 IS 19 BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 870WW UT WOS:000225090500132 ER PT J AU Minyard, CM AF Minyard, CM TI Luftwaffe over America: The secret plans to bomb the United States in World War II SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Blountstown, FL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 129 IS 19 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 870WW UT WOS:000225090500150 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI The literary spy: The ultimate source for quotations on espionage & intelligence SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 129 IS 19 BP 88 EP + PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 870WW UT WOS:000225090500237 ER PT J AU Kodash, VY Groza, JR Cho, KC Klotz, BR Dowding, RJ AF Kodash, VY Groza, JR Cho, KC Klotz, BR Dowding, RJ TI Field-assisted sintering of Ni nanopowders SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE nanopowder; sintering; densification; grain; cracks ID ALPHA-AL2O3 AB Ni nanopowders were sintered by a field-assisted sintering technique (FAST). The influence of heating rate from 90 to 1100degreesC/min on densification and final grain structure of sintered Ni was studied. A moderate heating rate was found to be beneficial for the densification of Ni nanopowders, whereas a high heating rate was conducive to a lower final density. Very high heating rates resulted in non-uniform densification of the samples and formation of cracks during sintering. Electric field activation and possible densification mechanisms are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Chem Engn Mat Sci Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Groza, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Chem Engn Mat Sci Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jrgroza@ucdavis.edu RI Dowding, Robert/F-1469-2015 OI Dowding, Robert/0000-0002-4763-2131 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 385 IS 1-2 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.06.075 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 867DI UT WOS:000224822000046 ER PT J AU Casbohm, SL Rogers, JV Stonerock, MK Martin, JL Ricketts-Kaminsky, KM Babin, MC Casillas, RP Sabourin, CLK AF Casbohm, SL Rogers, JV Stonerock, MK Martin, JL Ricketts-Kaminsky, KM Babin, MC Casillas, RP Sabourin, CLK TI Localization of substance P gene expression for evaluating protective countermeasures against sulfur mustard SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide]; olvanil; substance P; mice; skin; vanilloid; protection ID HUMAN-SKIN; IN-VITRO; ADHESION MOLECULE; PIG SKIN; MOUSE; EXPOSURE; INJURY; MICE; INFLAMMATION; INFILTRATION AB Sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide; SM] is a chemical warfare agent that produces edema and blister formation with a severe inflammatory reaction. The mouse ear vesicant model for SM injury has been used to evaluate pharmacological agents for countering SM dermal injury. The vanilloid olvanil reduces SM-induced edema and mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines, suggesting that blocking the inflammatory effects of neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP), may provide protection against SM-induced dermal injury. This study examined SP expression in mice exposed to SM (0. 16 mg) on the inner surface of the right ear, with or without olvanil pretreatment at 1, 10, 30, 60, and 360 min following exposure. In naive skin, SP mRNA localization was associated with blood vessels and sebaceous glands. In SM-exposed skin, SP mRNA was also detected in perivascular dermal cells. Immunohistochemical localization of SP protein was observed in the ear skin of native, SM-, olvanil/SM-, and vehicle-treated mice. Quantification of SP+ perivascular dermal cells revealed that SM exposure led to a significant increase (P less than or equal to 0.05) in SP+ cells over the observed time period. Olvanil pretreatment significantly reduced (P less than or equal to 0.05) the mean number of SP+ cells at 60 and 360 min. This study demonstrates that SP expression could provide an additional endpoint for evaluating the effectiveness of vanilloid drugs on SM-induced skin inflammation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Comparat Med Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sabourin, CLK (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, 505 King Ave,JM-3, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM sabourinc@battelle.org NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 204 IS 2-3 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2004.07.008 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 863ZB UT WOS:000224601100014 PM 15388249 ER PT J AU Chabot, DJ Scorpio, A Tobery, SA Little, SF Norris, SL Friedlander, AM AF Chabot, DJ Scorpio, A Tobery, SA Little, SF Norris, SL Friedlander, AM TI Anthrax capsule vaccine protects against experimental infection SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE anthrax; vaccine; capsule ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MICE; ANTIBODY; ANTIGEN; EFFICACY; PLASMID; STRAIN; SPORES AB Efficacy of a poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid anthrax capsule vaccine was assessed in a mouse model of infection. Capsule by itself was protective against lethal challenge with a toxin(-), capsule(+) Bacillus anthracis strain. Conjugation of capsule to bovine serum albumin resulted in enhanced IgG anti-capsule antibodies measured by ELISA, but completely abrogated the protection. The protective unconjugated capsule vaccine elicited significantly higher IgM titers and opsonic activity than did the non-protective capsule conjugate. When tested against a fully virulent toxin(+), capsule(+) B. anthracis strain, neither capsule nor protective antigen alone was protective. However, the combination of the two protected against a lethal challenge. These results suggest that capsule may enhance the protection afforded by protective antigen vaccines against anthrax if opsonizing antibodies are produced. Surprisingly, some protection was also observed when protective antigen was conjugated to itself. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Friedlander, AM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM donald.chabot@amedd.army.mil; arthur.friedlander@amedd.army.mil NR 25 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.05.029 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 872IM UT WOS:000225200900007 PM 15519706 ER PT J AU Gaddy, GA Locke, EP Miller, ME Broughton, R Albrecht-Schmitt, TE Mills, G AF Gaddy, GA Locke, EP Miller, ME Broughton, R Albrecht-Schmitt, TE Mills, G TI Photoinduced, controlled generation of palladium crystallite structures in polyimide films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SMALL GOLD CRYSTALLITES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMER GELS; NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOGENERATION; PARTICLES; COMPLEXES; METALS AB Structures of Pd crystallites with nanometer dimensions are formed on the surface of and inside polyimide films by a combination of photochemical and thermal processes. Photoinduced transformations of polyamic acid films containing Pd2+ complexes prior to thermal curing affect the subsequent thermal imidization of the polymer and reduction of the remaining palladium ions. The extent of photolysis controls the formation and characteristics of surface and subsurface metallic layers as well as the sizes of Pd particles generated within and below the interlayer region. Interference between waves reflected from the continuous embedded Pd layer and waves reflected from the continuous surface metal layer is the origin of the colors observed in photolyzed and cured films. Multicolored areas are a result of nanometer range variations of the interlayer distance. Optical properties typical of Fabry-Perot filters are observed when the thickness of the surface layer and internal metal layer are similar. The etalon-like films experience significant reversible dimensional changes upon exposure to white light. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Text Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Gaddy, GA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM greg.gaddy@us.army.mil; elocke@kandmenviromental.com; millsge@auburn.edu NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 11 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 45 BP 17378 EP 17383 DI 10.1021/jp0479421 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 869OM UT WOS:000224993900018 ER PT J AU Mirotznik, MS Pustai, DM Prather, DW Mait, JN AF Mirotznik, MS Pustai, DM Prather, DW Mait, JN TI Design of two-dimensional polarization-selective diffractive optical elements with form-birefringent microstructures SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-GENERATED HOLOGRAMS; MATCHING GAP MATERIAL; GRATINGS AB We describe a design methodology for synthesizing polarization-sensitive diffractive optical elements based on two-dimensional form-birefringent microstructures. Our technique yields a single binary element capable of producing independent phase transformations for horizontally and vertically polarized illumination. We designed two elements for operation at 10.6 mum and fabricated them in silicon. Qualitative experimental results agree with design predictions. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Labs, AMSRD, ARL,SEEM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mirotznik, MS (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 201 Pangborn Hall, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM mirotznik@cua.edu NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 10 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 32 BP 5947 EP 5954 DI 10.1364/AO.43.005947 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 871OV UT WOS:000225144000005 PM 15587722 ER PT J AU Kisin, MV Suchalkin, SD Belenky, G Bruno, JD Tober, R Luryi, S AF Kisin, MV Suchalkin, SD Belenky, G Bruno, JD Tober, R Luryi, S TI Analysis of the temperature performance of type-II interband cascade lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; OPTICAL GAIN; RECOMBINATION; DEPENDENCE; SUPERLATTICE AB The temperature performance of type-II semiconductor lasers has been analyzed by comparing the temperature-concentration dependence for a charge-carrier subsystem at the threshold with steady-state temperature-concentration relationship implied by the carrier heating process. The low material gain characteristic of type-II heterostructures and the high resistance of the thermal link to the heat sink are primarily responsible for limiting the continuous-wave laser operation to low temperatures. We show also that the number of cascades for type-II interband cascade lasers can be optimized with respect to the highest achievable operating temperature. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Max Technol Inc, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. RP Kisin, MV (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mvk@ece.sunysb.edu NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 19 BP 4310 EP 4312 DI 10.1063/1.1814432 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 869DE UT WOS:000224962800015 ER PT J AU Zheng, JY Constantine, CA Rastogi, VK Cheng, TC DeFrank, JJ Leblanc, RM AF Zheng, JY Constantine, CA Rastogi, VK Cheng, TC DeFrank, JJ Leblanc, RM TI Secondary structure of organophosphorus hydrolase in solution and in Langmuir-Blodgett film studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; QUANTUM DOTS; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; PESTICIDES; PARAOXON; SPECTRA AB The secondary structure of organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) has been studied with circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy in the far-UV region. The effect of pH on the secondary structure of OPH solution was examined over the pH range from 3.56 to 9.60. As shown on the CD spectra, the secondary structure of OPH is well defined when the pH value is near the isoelectric point (7.6); however, it is destroyed when the pH values are increased or decreased further. This is explained by the loss of helical structure. The pH effect on CD spectra contributes to clarify the optimum pH needed to obtain a stable OPH Langmuir film at the air-water interface and its correlation to the secondary structure of the enzyme. Comparative study of the thermal treatment on the secondary structure of OPH in solution, Langmuir-Blodgett film, and dry film shows that the molecular arrangement plays a dominant role in the thermal stability of OPH. With use of the CDPro software package a quantitative estimation of the secondary structure from the CD spectra of OPH solution was obtained. Results show that there is a decrease in the percentage of the a-helical and an increase of beta-strands with the change of pH or temperature. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Club, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Leblanc, RM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM rml@miami.edu NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 4 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 44 BP 17238 EP 17242 DI 10.4021/jp0477396 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 867CT UT WOS:000224820500034 ER PT J AU Tofferi, JK Taylor, AJ Feuerstein, IM O'Malley, PG AF Tofferi, JK Taylor, AJ Feuerstein, IM O'Malley, PG TI Alcohol intake is not associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BEAM COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HEART-DISEASE EVENTS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ARTERY CALCIFICATION; LUMEN STENOSIS; FRENCH PARADOX; CONSUMPTION; RISK; MORTALITY AB Background The inverse relation between alcohol intake and clinical coronary artery disease (CAD) is well established, although the mechanisms remain speculative. We studied the relation between alcohol intake and subclinical CAD to assess the possible role of alcohol in atherogenesis. Methods We conducted a prospective study of 731 consecutive, consenting, active-duty US Army personnel (39 to 45 years of age) without known CAD who were undergoing a routine physical examination. Each participant was surveyed with the validated Block dietary questionnaire, which included detailed information on alcohol intake as wine, beer, or liquor. Subclinical CAD was determined by means of electron beam computed tomography to quantify coronary artery calcification (CAC). Results The mean age was 42 (+/-2); 83% were male, 71% were white, and 82% were college graduates. The prevalence of CAC was 18.6% (mean CAC. score = 12 +/- 69). Twenty-two percent drank alcohol daily, with an average of 2.4 drinks per day. Systolic blood pressure was correlated with number of drinks per day (r = 0.10, P =.025). Among drinkers, HDL was weakly correlated with daily alcohol consumption (r = 0. 10, P =.025). There was no relation between the CAC score and the alcohol intake as measured by drinks per day (OR, 1.02; 95% Cl, 0.64 to 1.63; 1.13, 0.59 to 2.15; 1.26, 0.69 to 2.59, for less than 1, 1 to 2, and more than 2 drinks per day, respectively). Stratified analyses based on type of alcohol and multivariate analyses indicated no independent relation between any type or quantity of alcohol intake and the presence or extent of coronary calcification. Conclusions Alcohol intake does not appear to be inversely related to subclinical CAC, implying that previous observations of a protective effect of alcohol on clinical CAD may involve factors related to plaque stability rather than atherogenesis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP O'Malley, PG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM patrick.omalley@amedd.army.mil NR 40 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 148 IS 5 BP 803 EP 809 DI 10.1016/j.ajh.2004.05.023 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 870GH UT WOS:000225045100010 PM 15523310 ER PT J AU Wong, R AF Wong, R TI Treatment of achalasia: The role of laparoscopic cardiomyotomy needs to be emphasized: Response to Dr. Said SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PNEUMATIC DILATION C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wong, R (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave,Bldg 2,7F, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 99 IS 11 BP 2279 EP 2279 DI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.40695_2.x PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 866IT UT WOS:000224767900031 ER PT J AU Georgopoulos, PG Fedele, P Shade, P Lioy, PJ Hodgson, M Longmire, A Sands, M Brown, MA AF Georgopoulos, PG Fedele, P Shade, P Lioy, PJ Hodgson, M Longmire, A Sands, M Brown, MA TI Hospital response to chemical terrorism: Personal protective equipment, training, and operations planning SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE personal protective equipment; hospital emergency response plans; chemical warfare agent ID HAZARDOUS-WASTE WORKERS; MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE; WARFARE AGENTS; HEAT-STRESS; EXPOSURE; AIR; DECONTAMINATION; EVAPORATION; STRAIN; ISSUES AB Background Hospitals distant from the immediate site of an incident involving a hazardous materials (HAZMATs) release which could include chemical warfare agents, must develop emergency response plans (ERPs) to protect healthcare professionals if they receive potentially contaminated victims. The ERP must address OSHA, EPA, and JCAHO requirements. Methods The VHA convened groups to develop a hazard and exposure assessment, identify actions for compliance with existing regulatory standards, and review site and operational planning issues. Exposure modeling results were used to derive relationships between operational parameters (time and distance from sites/sources) and potential exposure for healthcare workers. Results According to exposure modeling, level C personal protective equipment is adequate to protect hospital staff distant from the chemical release site. Decontamination runoff and contaminated clothing should also be controlled to limit exposure. Conclusions Development and coordination of ERPs must include the local emergency planning committee, with clear assignment of tasks, locations, and training in order to prevent exposures to healthcare workers. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. USA, ECBC, Homeland Def Business Unit, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. VHA, Off Publ Hlth & Environm Hazards, Occupat Hlth Program, Washington, DC USA. OSHA, Directorate Sci Technol & Med, Off Occupat Med, Washington, DC USA. RP Georgopoulos, PG (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, EOHSI, RW Johnson Med Sch, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM panosg@ccl.rutgers.edu RI Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES05022-12] NR 80 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 46 IS 5 BP 432 EP 445 DI 10.1002/ajim.20075 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870RZ UT WOS:000225076900002 PM 15490471 ER PT J AU Lechuga, CG Hernandez-Nazara, ZH Rosales, JAD Morris, ER Rincon, AR Rivas-Estilla, AM Esteban-Gamboa, A Rojkind, M AF Lechuga, CG Hernandez-Nazara, ZH Rosales, JAD Morris, ER Rincon, AR Rivas-Estilla, AM Esteban-Gamboa, A Rojkind, M TI TGF-beta 1 modulates matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in hepatic stellate cells by complex mechanisms involving p38MAPK, PI3-kinase, AKT, and p70(S6k) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fibrosis; fibrogenesis; collagenase; collagen degradation ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; RAT-LIVER FIBROSIS; HUMAN NEUTROPHIL COLLAGENASE; HUMAN GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS; PROCOLLAGEN MESSENGER-RNA; HUMAN SKIN FIBROBLASTS; TGF-BETA; I COLLAGEN; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE AB Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), the main cytokine involved in liver fibrogenesis, induces expression of the type I collagen genes in hepatic stellate cells by a transcriptional mechanism, which is hydrogen peroxide and de novo protein synthesis dependent. Our recent studies have revealed that expression of type I collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-13 ( MMP-13) mRNAs in hepatic stellate cells is reciprocally modulated. Because TGF-beta1 induces a transient elevation of alpha1( I) collagen mRNA, we investigated whether this cytokine was able to induce the expression of MMP-13 mRNA during the downfall of the alpha1( I) collagen mRNA. In the present study, we report that TGF-beta1 induces a rapid decline in steady-state levels of MMP-13 mRNA at the time that it induces the expression of alpha1( I) collagen mRNA. This change in MMP-13 mRNA expression occurs within the first 6 h postcytokine administration and is accompanied by a twofold increase in gene transcription and a fivefold decrease in mRNA half-life. This is followed by increased expression of MMP-13 mRNA, which reaches maximal values by 48 h. Our results also show that this TGF-beta1-mediated effect is de novo protein synthesis-dependent and requires the activity of p38MAPK, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, AKT, and p70(S6k). Altogether, our data suggest that regulation of MMP-13 by TGF-beta1 is a complex process involving transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. C1 George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Marion Bessin Liver Res Ctr, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Med, Dept Biochem, E-28029 Madrid, Spain. Hosp Univ Puerta Hierro, Dept Expt Endocrinol, Madrid 28029, Spain. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Expt Pathol Sect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, New York, NY 10029 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Rojkind, M (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ross Hall 522A,2300 I St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM bcmmmr@gwumc.edu RI Rincon-Sanchez, Ana Rosa/L-2188-2015 OI Rincon-Sanchez, Ana Rosa/0000-0002-6834-7129 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01-AA-09231, R01-AA-10541] NR 58 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 287 IS 5 BP G974 EP G987 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00264.2003 PG 14 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 860YV UT WOS:000224382600007 PM 15246963 ER PT J AU Pickhardt, PJ Nugent, PA Choi, JR Schindler, WR AF Pickhardt, PJ Nugent, PA Choi, JR Schindler, WR TI Flat colorectal lesions in asymptomatic adults: Implications for screening with CT virtual colonoscopy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 02-07, 2004 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc ID UNRESECTED POLYPS; COLONOGRAPHY; ADENOMAS; COLON; NEOPLASMS; FEATURES; GROWTH; SIZE; TIME AB OBJECTIVE. The clinical significance of flat lesions in colorectal cancer screening remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency, histology, and virtual colonoscopy detection of flat lesions in an asymptomatic screening population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. The morphology of all detected polyps was prospectively recorded as flat or polypoid (sessile or pedunculated) in 1,233 consecutive asymptomatic adults who underwent same-day virtual colonoscopy and optical colonoscopy. A flat morphology was defined as a shallow plaquelike broad-based lesion with a height of less than one half of its width. RESULTS. Of 344 polyps of 6 mm or greater confirmed at optical colonoscopy, 17 (4.9%) were labeled as flat at both virtual colonoscopy and optical colonoscopy; 17 (4.9%), at optical colonoscopy only; and 25 (7.3%), at virtual colonoscopy only, yielding 59 total lesions in 52 (4.2%) of 1,233 patients. Twenty-nine (49.2%) of 59 flat lesions were adenomatous, of which four measured 10 mm or greater and one 6- to 9-mm lesion was histologically advanced. None of the 148 diminutive flat lesions (less than or equal to 5 mm) detected at optical colonoscopy was histologically advanced. Virtual colonoscopy prospectively detected 24 (82.8%) of 29 flat adenomas and 47 (80.0%) of all 59 flat lesions 6 mm or greater. In comparison, the sensitivity of virtual colonoscopy for the detection of polypoid adenomas and all polypoid lesions of 6 mm or greater was 86.2% (156/181, p = 0.58) and 81.0% (231/285, p = 0.86), respectively. CONCLUSION. Flat adenomas measuring 6 mm or greater are uncommon in a typical Western screening population, and advanced flat neoplasms are rare. The sensitivity of virtual colonoscopy for detecting flat lesions was similar to that of polypoid lesions. These results indicate that flat lesions are not a significant drawback for virtual colonoscopy screening. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Pickhardt, PJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, 600 Highland Ave,E3-311 Clin Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53792 USA. NR 24 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 183 IS 5 BP 1343 EP 1347 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 865EQ UT WOS:000224685700027 PM 15505301 ER PT J AU Pinzon, JE Wilson, JM Tucker, CJ Arthur, R Jahrling, PB Formenty, P AF Pinzon, JE Wilson, JM Tucker, CJ Arthur, R Jahrling, PB Formenty, P TI Trigger events: Enviroclimatic coupling of ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SINGULAR-VALUE DECOMPOSITION; DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; COTE-DIVOIRE; RAIN-FOREST; VIRUS; GABON; CONGO; ECOLOGY; DECLINE; CLIMATE AB We use spatially continuous satellite data as a correlate of precipitation within tropical Africa and show that the majority of documented Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks were closely associated with sharply drier conditions at the end of the rainy season. We propose that these trigger events may enhance transmission of Ebola virus from its cryptic reservoir to humans. These findings suggest specific directions to help understand the sylvatic cycle of the virus and may provide early warning tools to detect possible future outbreaks of this enigmatic disease. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. WHO, Global Alert & Response Team, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, Geneva, Switzerland. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Pinzon, JE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Terr Phys Lab, Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM pinzon@negev.gsfc.nasa.gov; wilson@isis.imac.georgetown.edu; compton@kratmos.gsfc.nasa.gov; rca8@cdc.gov; Peter.Jahring@det.amedd.army.mil; formenty@who.int NR 47 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 71 IS 5 BP 664 EP 674 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 876CL UT WOS:000225473200026 PM 15569802 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Ellis, MW Hospenthal, DR AF Murray, CK Ellis, MW Hospenthal, DR TI Susceptibility of Leptospira serovars to antimalarial agents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA AB Leptospirosis has recently been described to cause concomitant infection with malaria. Only doxycycline has proven to have chemoprophylactic and therapeutic efficacy for both malaria and leptospirosis. To assess whether other traditional antimalarial agents have antileptospiral activity, we performed broth microdilution susceptibility testing of 16 Leptospira serovars (6 species/14 serogroups) to various agents. Artemisinin, atovaquone, chloroquine, mefloquine, primaquine, proguanil, pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine, quinine, quinidine, and combinations of atovaquone/proguanil and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine all had a 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) 25 mug/mL (the upper limit of testing). The only agents identified with the potential to treat both infections other than doxycycline (MIC90 = 1.56 mug/mL) were azithromycin (MIC90 = 0.02 mug/mL) and clindamycin (MIC90 = 0.2 mug/mL). C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Clinton.Murray@amedd.army.mil; Michael.Ellis2@amedd.army.mil; Duane.Hospenthal@amedd.army.mil NR 10 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 71 IS 5 BP 685 EP 686 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 876CL UT WOS:000225473200029 PM 15569805 ER PT J AU Chan, DS Callahan, CW Hoffman, JS AF Chan, DS Callahan, CW Hoffman, JS TI September 11th anniversary: revisiting the damage beyond Ground Zero SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, MCHKPE, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Chan, DS (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, MCHKPE, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM debora.chan@amedd.army.nil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1967 EP 1967 DI 10.1345/aph.1E105 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 865EC UT WOS:000224684300031 PM 15479771 ER PT J AU Noedl, H Teja-Isavadharm, P Miller, RS AF Noedl, H Teja-Isavadharm, P Miller, RS TI Nonisotopic, semiautomated Plasmodium falciparum bioassay for measurement of antimalarial drug levels in serum or plasma SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID MALARIA; ARTEMISININ; DIHYDROARTEMISININ; DERIVATIVES; ARTESUNATE AB A simple, nonisotopic, semiautomated bioassay for the measurement of antimalarial drug levels in plasma or serum based on the quantitation of histidine-rich protein II in malaria culture is presented. The assay requires only small sample volumes and was found to be highly sensitive and reproducible. The results closely paralleled those obtained with isotopic bioassays (R = 0.988, P < 0.001) and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (R = 0.978, P < 0.001). C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Pathophysiol, Dept Specif Prophylaxis & Trop Med, A-1095 Vienna, Austria. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Noedl, H (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Pathophysiol, Dept Specif Prophylaxis & Trop Med, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Vienna, Austria. EM harald.noedl@univie.ac.at NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 48 IS 11 BP 4485 EP 4487 DI 10.1128/AAC.48.11.4485-4487.2004 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 869XM UT WOS:000225017900068 PM 15504891 ER PT J AU Boyd, RM Hanna, HM Baker, JL Colvin, TS AF Boyd, RM Hanna, HM Baker, JL Colvin, TS TI Field evaluation of anhydrous ammonia manifold performance SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE anhydrous ammonia; Manifold; NH3; nitrogen; fertilizer; distribution; application variation AB Experiments conducted between August 1999 and April 2002 evaluated anhydrous ammonia manifold distribution during field application at 84- and 168-kg N/ha (75- and 150-lb Nacre) application rates. Multiple manifolds including the conventional (Continental NH3 Model 3497, Dallas, Tex.), Vertical-Dam (Continental NH3 Dallas, Tex.), Rotaflow(TM)(H.I. Fraser Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia), Equa-flow(TM)(PGI International, Houston, Tex.), FD-1200 prototype (CDS John Blue Co., Huntsville, Ala.), and the Impellicone prototype manifold were tested. Temperature and pressure data were collected along the flow path. Results showed high distribution variation by the conventional manifold at both application rates, with average coefficient of variation (CV) values in excess of 16%. At the 84-kg N/ha (75-lb N/acre) rate, all other manifolds tested had significantly lower application variation (alpha = 0.05). At the 168-kg N/ha (150-lb N/acre) rate, rite conventional manifold grouped statistically with the Vertical-Dam with a corn ring and the FD-1200 prototype, producing CV values between 9.5% and 16.2%. All other manifolds had significantly lower application variation. The Impellicone, Rotaflow (TM), and Equa-flow (TM), manifolds performed with the lowest measured variation at both rates, yielding best performance at the 168-kg N/ha (150-lb N/acre) rate with CV in the 6% range. Analysis of recorded temperature and pressure data indicate that NH(3)flowing through the system very closely follows the saturation line and acts as a saturated mixture. Predictions of NH3 quality based on calculations of an ideal adiabatic mixture are supported by this result. Investigation for correlation between CV air temperature, and percent of volume in file vapor phase of NH3 resulted in only a visual trend that may suggest a reduction in CV with lower percent of volume in the vapor phase. Results suggest that replacement of a conventional manifold with a Vertical-Dam manifold or any of the other manifolds tested could reduce application variation between 7.0% and 16.5% at 84 kg N/ha (75 lb N/acre) and 1.0% and 10.2% at 168 kg N/ha (150 lb N/acre). This change could reduce application rate by eliminating the need for over-application to compensate for variations. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Omaha Dist Off, Omaha, NE USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hanna, HM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 200B Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM hmhanna@iastate.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 745 EP 756 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 887NX UT WOS:000226313900003 ER PT J AU Theriault, JM Puckrin, E Hancock, J Lecavalier, P Lepage, CJ Jensen, JO AF Theriault, JM Puckrin, E Hancock, J Lecavalier, P Lepage, CJ Jensen, JO TI Passive standoff detection of chemical warfare agents on surfaces SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED RADIOMETRY AB Results are presented on the passive standoff detection and identification of chemical warfare (CW) liquid agents on surfaces by the Fourier-transform IR radiometry. This study was performed during surface contamination trials at Defence Research and Development Canada-Suffield in September 2002. The goal was to verify that passive long-wave IR spectrometric sensors can potentially remotely detect surfaces contaminated with CW agents. The passive sensor, the Compact Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, was used in the trial to obtain laboratory and field measurements of CW liquid agents, HD and VX. The agents were applied to high-reflectivity surfaces of aluminum, low-reflectivity surfaces of Mylar, and several other materials including an armored personnel carrier. The field measurements were obtained at a standoff distance of 60 m from the target surfaces. Results indicate that liquid contaminant agents deposited on high-reflectivity surfaces can be detected, identified, and possibly quantified with passive sensors. For low-reflectivity surfaces the presence of the contaminants can usually be detected; however, their identification based on simple correlations with the absorption spectrum of the pure contaminant is not possible. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Def Res & Dev Canada Valcartier, Val Belair, PQ G3J 1X5, Canada. Def Res & Dev Canada Suffield, Medicine Hat, AB T1A 8K6, Canada. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, AMSSB RRT Domest Preparedness, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Theriault, JM (reprint author), Def Res & Dev Canada Valcartier, Val Belair, PQ G3J 1X5, Canada. EM jean-marc.theriault@drde-rddc.gc.ca NR 14 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 31 BP 5870 EP 5885 DI 10.1364/AO.43.005870 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 866NJ UT WOS:000224779900017 PM 15540446 ER PT J AU Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Frazier, RM Liefer, JY Thaler, GT Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Zavada, JM AF Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Frazier, RM Liefer, JY Thaler, GT Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Zavada, JM TI Properties of highly Cr-doped AlN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; GAN FILMS; FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; MN CONCENTRATION; THIN-FILMS; GAMNN; GACRN; DIODES; ORIGIN AB Cr concentrations of similar to2 at. % were incorporated into AlN during growth by molecular beam epitaxy. Under optimized conditions, single-phase, insulating AlCrN is produced whose band gap shows a small (0.1-0.2 eV) decrease from the value for undoped AlN (6.2 eV), a decrease in a-plane lattice constant and the introduction of two absorption bands at 3 and 5 eV into the band gap. This material shows ferromagnetism with a Curie temperature above 300 K as judged from the difference in field-cooled and zero-field-cooled magnetization. For nonoptimized growth, second phases of Cr2N and AlxCry are produced in the AlN and the material is conducting (similar to1000 Omega cm) with activation energy for conduction of 0.19 eV and apparent band gap of 5.8 eV. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Rare Met, Moscow 119017, Russia. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), Inst Rare Met, B Tolmachevsky 5, Moscow 119017, Russia. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu RI Smirnov, Nickolai/K-8935-2015 OI Smirnov, Nickolai/0000-0002-4993-0175 NR 30 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 18 BP 4067 EP 4069 DI 10.1063/1.1812845 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 868DS UT WOS:000224894900037 ER PT J AU Tsokos, GC AF Tsokos, GC TI Exploring complement activation to develop biomarkers for systemic lupus, erythematosus SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISEASE-ACTIVITY; IMMUNE-COMPLEXES; SPLIT PRODUCTS; C3B RECEPTORS; C4 C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Bldg 503,Room 1A32, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM gtsokos@usa.net NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 50 IS 11 BP 3404 EP 3407 DI 10.1002/art.20602 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 870QB UT WOS:000225071700002 PM 15529386 ER PT J AU Gul, N Ahmed, SA Smith, LA AF Gul, N Ahmed, SA Smith, LA TI Inhibition of the protease activity of the light chain of type A botulinum neurotoxin by aqueous extract from stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) leaf SO BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; TETANUS TOXIN; B NEUROTOXIN; SEROTYPE-A; PEPTIDE; VAMP/SYNAPTOBREVIN; PURIFICATION; PROTEOLYSIS; CLEAVAGE; SNAP-25 AB We investigated the inhibitory effect of stinging nettle leaf extract on the protease activity of botulinum neurotoxin type A and B light chains. The nettle leaf infusion was fractionated and HPLC-based enzymatic assays were performed to determine the capacity of each fraction to inhibit the protease activity of botulinum neurotoxin type A and B light chains. Assay results demonstrated that a water-soluble fraction obtained from the nettle leaf infusion inhibited type A, but did not inhibit type B light chain protease activity. The inhibition mode of water soluble fraction against protease activity of type A light chain was analyzed and found to be a non-competitive. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Div Toxinol & Aerobiol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Gul, N (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Div Toxinol & Aerobiol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM nizamettin.gul@det.amedd.army.mil NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1742-7835 J9 BASIC CLIN PHARMACOL JI Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 95 IS 5 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2004.pto950503.x PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 876ZB UT WOS:000225536500003 PM 15546475 ER PT J AU Hammamieh, R Bi, SG Das, R Neill, R Jett, M AF Hammamieh, R Bi, SG Das, R Neill, R Jett, M TI Modeling of SEB-induced host gene expression to correlate in vitro to in vivo responses SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE cDNA; class prediction analysis; microarray; piglets; staphylococcal enterotoxin B ID MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; CANCER; CELLS; PATTERNS AB Detection of exposure to biological threat agents has relied on ever more sensitive methods for pathogen identification, but that usually requires pathogen proliferation to dangerous, near untreatable levels. Recent events have demonstrated that assessing exposure to a biological threat agent well in advance of onset of illness or at various stages post-exposure is invaluable among the diagnostic options. There is an urgent need for better diagnostic tools that will be sensitive, rapid, and unambiguous. Since human clinical cases of illness induced by biothreat agents are, fortunately, rare, use of animal models that closely mimic the human illness is the only in vivo option. Such studies can be very difficult and expensive; therefore, maximizing the information obtained from in vitro exposures to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) provide an opportunity to investigate dose/time variability in host responses. In our quest to study staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) induced host gene expression patterns, we addressed two core issues using microarray analysis and predictive modeling. Our first objective was to determine gene expression patterns in human PBMCs exposed to SEB in vitro. Second, we compared the in vitro data with host responses gene expression patterns in vivo using PBMCs from an animal model of SEB intoxication that closely replicates the progression of illness in humans. We used cDNA microarrays to study global gene expression patterns in piglets intoxicated with SEB. We applied a supervised learning method for class prediction based on the k-nearest neighbor algorithm for the data obtained in piglets exposed to SEB in vivo against a training data set. This data set included gene expression profiles derived from in vitro exposures to eight different pathogens (Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Brucella melitensis, SEB, cholera toxin, Clostridium botulinum toxin A, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and Dengue-2) in PBMCs. We found that despite differences in gene expression profiles between in vitro and in vivo systems, there exists a subset of genes that show correlations between in vitro and in vivo exposures, which can be used as a predictor of exposure to SEB in vivo. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Jett, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM marti.jett@na.amedd.army.mil NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 719 EP 727 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2004.06.043 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 875IB UT WOS:000225412600006 PM 15522586 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, DL Ellsworth, RE Love, B Deyarmin, B Lubert, SM Mittal, V Shriver, CD AF Ellsworth, DL Ellsworth, RE Love, B Deyarmin, B Lubert, SM Mittal, V Shriver, CD TI Genomic patterns of allelic imbalance in disease free tissue adjacent to primary breast carcinomas SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE allelic imbalance; breast cancer; field cancerization; loss of heterozygosity; stroma ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; CAPILLARY ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; CANCER PROGRESSION; CELL-GROWTH; HETEROZYGOSITY; EPITHELIUM; CANDIDATE; TSG101; STROMA AB Mammary stroma plays an important role in facilitating the neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells, modulating integrity of the extracellular matrix, and maintaining genomic stability, but molecular mechanisms by which stroma affects epithelial structure and function are not well-defined. We used laser-assisted microdissection of paraffin-embedded breast tissues from 30 patients with breast disease and a panel of 52 microsatellite markers defining 26 chromosomal regions to characterize genomic patterns of allelic imbalance (AI) in disease-free tissue adjacent to sites of breast disease and to define genomic regions that may contain genes associated with early carcinogenic processes. The mean frequency of AI in histologically normal tissue adjacent to the primary carcinomas (15.4%) was significantly higher than that in distant tissue from the same breast (3.7%). The pattern of AI across all chromosomal regions differed between the adjacent tissue and primary tumor in every case. Unique AI events, observed only in tumor (15% of informative markers) or only in adjacent cells (10% of informative markers), were far more common than AI events shared between tumor and adjacent cells (similar to4%). Levels of AI characteristic of advanced invasive carcinomas were already present in non-invasive ductal carcinomas in situ, and appreciable levels of AI were observed in adjacent non-neoplastic tissue at all pathological stages. Chromosome 11p15.1 showed significantly higher levels of AI in adjacent cells (p < 0.01), suggesting that this region may harbor genes involved in breast cancer development and progression. Our data indicate that genomic instability may be inherently greater in disease-free tissue close to developing tumors, which may have important implications for defining surgical margins and predicting recurrence. C1 Windber Res Inst, Clin Breast Care Project, Windber, PA 15963 USA. Invitrogen Bioinformat, Frederick, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Clin Breast Care Project, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ellsworth, DL (reprint author), Windber Res Inst, Clin Breast Care Project, 600 Somerset Ave, Windber, PA 15963 USA. EM d.ellsworth@wriwindber.org NR 52 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 88 IS 2 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s10549-004-1424-7 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 882XP UT WOS:000225974000004 PM 15564796 ER PT J AU Trope, RL Upchurch, GE AF Trope, RL Upchurch, GE TI "Staple article": In defense of Betamax and its progeny SO BUSINESS LAWYER LA English DT Article C1 Trope & Schramm LLP, New York, NY USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Law, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. US Def Inst Secur Assist Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Trope, RL (reprint author), Trope & Schramm LLP, New York, NY USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BAR ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 750 N LAKE SHORE DR, ATTN:ORDER FULFILLMENT, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0007-6899 J9 BUS LAWYER JI Bus. Lawyer PD NOV PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1 BP 417 EP 437 PG 21 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 886GF UT WOS:000226214200011 ER PT J AU Zhu, LW Ru, QH Yang, S Brzeski, H Liebman, M Shriver, CD AF Zhu, LW Ru, QH Yang, S Brzeski, H Liebman, M Shriver, CD TI High throughput proteomic characterization and high efficiency Bioinformatics statistics of proteins in human blood specimens from breast cancer patients. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Annual AACR International Conference CY OCT 16-20, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP AACR C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1830S EP 1830S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870QO UT WOS:000225073100011 ER PT J AU Hartman, TJ Yu, BB Albert, PS Brewer, B Burt, R Caan, B Iber, F Kikendall, W Lance, P Marshall, J Paskett, E Shike, M Slattery, ML Weissfeld, J Schatzkin, A Lanza, E AF Hartman, TJ Yu, BB Albert, PS Brewer, B Burt, R Caan, B Iber, F Kikendall, W Lance, P Marshall, J Paskett, E Shike, M Slattery, ML Weissfeld, J Schatzkin, A Lanza, E TI Effect of a low-fat, high-fiber diet on the recurrence of colorectal adenomas: Possible effect modification by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Annual AACR International Conference CY OCT 16-20, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP AACR C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Rockville, MD USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Kaiser Fdn Res Inst, Oakland, CA USA. Edward Hines Jr Hosp, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Hines, IL USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. Roswell Pk Canc Ctr, Buffalo, NY USA. Ohio State Canc Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1892S EP 1893S PN 2 PG 2 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870QO UT WOS:000225073100234 ER PT J AU Thomas, JE Eror, AT Kenney, M Caravalho, J AF Thomas, JE Eror, AT Kenney, M Caravalho, J TI Asymptomatic right atrial cavernous hemangioma: a case report and review of the literaturey SO CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE atrium; cardiac; Sinus of Valsalva; hemangioma ID CORRELATION/; NEOPLASMS AB A case of asymptomatic right atrial cavernous hemangioma in a 50-year-old man is reported. With right atriotomy under total cardiopulmonary bypass, the right atrial mass was identified as arising from the noncoronary Sinus of Valsalva. The mass was successfully resected with the Sinus of Valsalva closed primarily. The patient is alive and well 9 months following the operation. The incidental discovery of the mass, clinical evaluation, operative procedure, and pathologic findings are reported. We also briefly discuss the epidemiology, natural history, and the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to cardiac tumors. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Hlth Sci, Uniformed Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Thomas, JE (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM john.thomas2@haw.tamc.amedd.army.mil NR 11 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-8807 J9 CARDIOVASC PATHOL JI Cardiovasc. Pathol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 341 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.carpath.2004.09.001 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pathology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pathology GA 879GY UT WOS:000225705600009 PM 15556783 ER PT J AU Arroyo, CM Burman, DL Kahler, DW Nelson, MR Corun, CM Guzman, JJ Smith, MA Purcell, ED Hackley, BE Soni, SD Broomfield, CA AF Arroyo, CM Burman, DL Kahler, DW Nelson, MR Corun, CM Guzman, JJ Smith, MA Purcell, ED Hackley, BE Soni, SD Broomfield, CA TI TNF-alpha expression patterns as potential molecular biomarker for human skin cells exposed to vesicant chemical warfare agents: sulfur mustard (HD) and Lewisite (L) SO CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioassays; biomarker; hTNF-alpha; human skin cells; Lewisite; Luminex(100)(TM); multiplexed immunoassay; sulfur mustard ID NORMAL HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MOUSE SKIN; CYTOKINE RELEASE; GROWTH; ASSAY; INTERLEUKIN-6; INFLAMMATION; ACTIVATION AB Studies were conducted to examine the effect of two vesicant chemical warfare agents (VCWA), one of them an arsenical, on cytokine gene expression in normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cells. We tested 2,2'-dichlorethylsulfide (sulfur mustard, military designation HD) and 2,chlorovinyldichloroarsine (Lewisite, military designation L), which have significant differences in their chemical, physical, and toxicological properties. Human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (hTNF-α) cytokine was detected by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a protein multiplex immunoassay, Luminex(100)(TM), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The messenger RNA expression of hTNF-α was determined to provide a semi-quantitative analysis. HD-stimulated NHEK induced secretion of hTNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. Dose response effect of Lewisite decreased hTNF-α levels. Time-response data indicated that the maximum response for HD occurred at 24 h with an associated cytotoxic concentration of 10(-4) mol/L. NHEK cells stimulated with 10(-4) mol/L HD for 24 h at 37&DEG; C increased detectable levels of hTNF-α from 5 to 28 ng/ml at an index of cell viability between 85 to 93% as detected by Luminex(100)(TM). Our results indicated that the increased levels of hTNF-α by HD are dependent on the primary cultures, cell densities, and chemical properties of the stimulation. Lewisite under the same conditions as HD caused a reduction of hTNF-α from control levels of 1.5 ng/ml to 0.3 ng/ml after stimulation (10(-4) mol/L), with an index of cell viability of &SIM; 34%. We analyzed the transcriptional of hTNF-α gene and found that HD (10(-6) to 10(-4) mol/L) activates hTNF-α gene in cultured NHEK and that L at 10(-6) to 10(-4) mol/L markedly reduces hTNF-α gene. We conclude that the pro-inflammatory mediator, hTNF-α, could be a potential biomarker for differentiating between exposure of HD or L. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Arroyo, CM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM carmen.arroyo@amedd.army.mil NR 34 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0742-2091 J9 CELL BIOL TOXICOL JI Cell Biol. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 345 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s10565-004-0086-x PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Toxicology SC Cell Biology; Toxicology GA 922YQ UT WOS:000228876200003 PM 15868479 ER PT J AU Subramanian, R Panuccio, GJ Krummenacher, JJ Lee, IC Schmidt, LD AF Subramanian, R Panuccio, GJ Krummenacher, JJ Lee, IC Schmidt, LD TI Catalytic partial oxidation of higher hydrocarbons: reactivities and selectivities of mixtures SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Chemical Reaction Engineering CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Chicago, IL DE syngas; partial oxidation; reaction engineering; petroleum; selectivity; catalysis ID CONTACT TIMES; MONOLITHS; HYDROGEN; METHANE AB Model hydrocarbon mixtures (n-octane + i-octane, n-decane + n-hexadecane, n-decane + naphthalene) were reacted with air over a rhodium-coated monolith in an effort to determine relative reactivities of various homologues in gasoline and diesel fuels. This information is required to determine the appropriate operating conditions for achieving maximum syngas yields from these fuels. We find that the overall reactivity of these fuel mixtures is not simply an average over the reactivities of constituent molecules. Results indicate that, whereas i-octane is more reactive than n-octane in the mixture at all C/O feed ratios, n-decane is more reactive than n-hexadecane in the mixture only at ratios leaner than the syngas stoichiometry (based on the mixture) and this trend reverses as the C/O feed ratio increases. Addition of 10 mol% naphthalene to n-decane successfully produces syngas in selectivities exceeding 70%. This demonstrates the ability of the rhodium-monolith reactor to partially oxidize a wide variety of hydrocarbon mixtures, including the hydrogen-deficient poly-aromatic compounds, to syngas and olefins without any evident deterioration in performance. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Subramanian, R (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM rama@cems.umn.edu; schmidt@cems.umn.edu RI Lee, Ivan/H-6444-2011 NR 12 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 59 IS 22-23 BP 5501 EP 5507 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2004.09.012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 883VQ UT WOS:000226044200103 ER PT J AU Nguyen, DTK Kim, SY Lim, J Varma, M AF Nguyen, DTK Kim, SY Lim, J Varma, M TI Segmental contour mapping pattern in a patient with breast carcinoma SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE contour mapping; lymphangitic carcinomatosis; tumor emboli syndrome ID PULMONARY TUMOR EMBOLISM; LYMPHANGITIC CARCINOMATOSIS; MICROVASCULAR CYTOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Nguyen, DTK (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM david.nguyen@amedd.army.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 29 IS 11 BP 745 EP 747 DI 10.1097/00003072-200411000-00023 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 865PW UT WOS:000224716000023 PM 15483499 ER PT J AU Yankielun, N Rosenthal, W Davis, RE AF Yankielun, N Rosenthal, W Davis, RE TI Alpine snow depth measurements from aerial FMCW radar SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE snow depth; snowpack; FMCW ID CW RADAR; THICKNESS; COVER AB Snow depth was measured with an L-band frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar operating from an aerial tramway up to 70 m above the ground. Snow depth, wetness, and slope varied greatly along the 2.4-km transect, with 640 m of relief Radar measurements taken in the morning, when the snowpack was frozen were compared against concurrent manual depth probes, and good agreement was found between the estimates. The results suggest that deep snowpacks in rugged terrain can be accurately and safely surveyed by helicopter-borne radar. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Yankielun, N (reprint author), Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. EM norbert@crrel.usace.army.mil NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2004.06.005 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 871SY UT WOS:000225155000011 ER PT J AU Cheng, H Fang, SC Lavery, JE AF Cheng, H Fang, SC Lavery, JE TI An efficient algorithm for generating univariate cubic L-1 splines SO COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE active set method; convex programming; cubic L-1 spline; geometric programming ID MULTISCALE INTERPOLATION AB An active set based algorithm for calculating the coefficients of univariate cubic L-1 splines is developed. It decomposes the original problem in a geometric-programming setting into independent optimization problems of smaller sizes. This algorithm requires only simple algebraic operations to obtain an exact optimal solution in a finite number of iterations. In stability and computational efficiency, the algorithm outperforms a currently widely used discretization-based primal affine algorithm. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Div Math, Res Off, Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cheng, H (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM hcheng01@yahoo.com; fang@eos.ncsu.edu; john.lavery2@us.army.mil NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6003 J9 COMPUT OPTIM APPL JI Comput. Optim. Appl. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 219 EP 253 DI 10.1023/B:COAP.0000042031.03626.1b PG 35 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 854PE UT WOS:000223915000005 ER PT J AU Ahmad, FH Castellane, RM AF Ahmad, FH Castellane, RM TI Interferogram phase evaluation through a differential equation technique SO COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE interferogram processing; phase retrieval; phase measurement ID FRINGE-PATTERN-ANALYSIS; UNWRAPPING ALGORITHM; TRANSFORM; DERIVATIVES; IMAGES AB A technique for the evaluation of the unknown phase of a spatial carrier interferogram is proposed in this paper. This technique is based on the formulation of a differential equation for the unknown phase. The coefficients of this equation are known functions. They are formulated with the aid of a modified Fourier transform method and Hilbert transform where they are functions of the measured interferogram. This equation is made discrete and solved through the application of a pseudospectral method. An illustrative example is given in which this technique is applied. Results generated from the application of this technique are compared with exact phase values, and exemplary agreement between the exact and approximate phase values is demonstrated. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Engn Technol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ahmad, FH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Engn Technol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM fhahmad@uncc.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7906 J9 COMPUT ELECTR ENG JI Comput. Electr. Eng. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 30 IS 8 BP 605 EP 614 DI 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2004.11.002 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 919ND UT WOS:000228623900005 ER PT J AU Hansen, RP Forsythe, J AF Hansen, RP Forsythe, J TI A grid convergence study of a highly separated turbulent flow SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER AB Highly separated flows create unique engineering problems and difficult numerical-simulation challenges. The increased availability of high-performance computing systems has renewed interest in accurately computing unsteady flow about relatively simple geometries. The authors investigate flows over a circular cylinder using Cobalt, a finite-volume program, and compare solutions to experimental measurements and other computational work. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Hansen, RP (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM robert.hansen@us.army.mil; forsythe@cobaltcfd.com NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 6 IS 6 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2004.59 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 864IA UT WOS:000224626000007 ER PT J AU Moses, FM Lee, JS AF Moses, FM Lee, JS TI Current GI endoscope disinfection and QA practices SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE endoscope disinfection; quality assurance practices ID GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY; SURVEILLANCE CULTURES; INFECTION-CONTROL; MONITOR QUALITY AB High-level disinfection (HLD) of GI endoscopes is readily achieved when published guidelines are observed. Contamination is linked to breakdowns in accepted procedure. However, there is no recognized method of verifying adequacy of endoscope reprocessing in routine practice and no data regarding current quality assurance (QA) practice. Prior reports have demonstrated a wide variation in routine clinical practice of GI endoscopy HLD. The goal of this study was to determine current practice at regional endoscopy centers with regard to endoscope cleaning and HLD, maintenance, and QA practice. An anonymous multiple-choice questionnaire was mailed to 367 SGNA members in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, Maryland, and District of Columbia and completed by 230 (63%). The majority of responders were hospital-based and 59% of the units performed over 3000 procedures per year. After use the endoscope was hand-carried or transported in a dry container (97%) to a separate cleaning room (85%) for HLD by technicians (40%). Wide variations existed in manual step procedures including use of disposable (50%) brushes and number of times channel brushed: once (21%), twice (35%), or three to five times (37%). Soaking duration in disinfectant (70% gluteraldehyde) was for <10 min (8%), 10-20 min (35%), 20-30 min (38%), 30-40 min (7%), and >40 min (3%). Sixty-seven percent had an active unit infection control (IC) service and 98% had a QA program. Monitoring of cleaning effectiveness was by visual inspection (50%) and culturing endoscopes (17%). Culture was done weekly (1%) and less than or equal tobiannually (6.5%) and performed by swabing the endoscope end (5%) or rinsing the biopsy channel (8%). If culture positive, most would remove the instrument from clinical use and reevaluate the protocol and personnel for technique lapses. Two respondents were aware of a procedure-related infection. Wide practice variations were noted in manual cleaning and in soaking time during automated HLD in this community. Fewer variations were noted in cleaning personnel and training, location and methods of cleaning, and presence of IC services and QA programs. Endoscope culturing was infrequently done and positive cultures were rare. While most units claim to have ongoing QA programs, few use objective criteria to monitor effective disinfection or lapses in technique. latrogenic infection is uncommonly recognized following GI endoscope procedures. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Moses, FM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Frank.Moses@NA.AMEDD.ARMY.MIL NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 49 IS 11-12 BP 1791 EP 1797 DI 10.1007/s10620-004-9572-5 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 882WL UT WOS:000225971000012 PM 15628705 ER PT J AU Talley, JW Ghosh, U Furey, JS Tucker, SG Luthy, RG AF Talley, JW Ghosh, U Furey, JS Tucker, SG Luthy, RG TI Thermal program desorption mass spectrometry of PAHs from mineral and organic surfaces SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thermal program desorption; mass spectrometry; PAHs; mineral; surface chemistry ID VAPOR-PRESSURE; SPECTRA AB This research investigated the release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from spiked materials using thermal desorption mass spectrometry. Experimental methods were developed to obtain real-time PAH desorption data through use of a thermal program desorption probe. Data analysis techniques were investigated to explore the thermal desorption profiles of milligram-size samples. Peak temperatures of desorption were observed to vary among PAHs and among sorbents. For the same absorbent, peak temperatures increased with an increase of PAH molecular weights. For the same PAH, peak temperatures increased as the sorbent varied from sand to alumina to XAD-4 to kaolin. These results have been interpreted in terms of a combined model that include both an activation energy and a desorption/volatilization rate coefficient. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Dyncorp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Erdc, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Talley, JW (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jtalley1@nd.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 6 BP 647 EP 660 DI 10.1089/ees.2004.21.647 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872IU UT WOS:000225201700001 ER PT J AU Van Gessel, YA Mani, S Bi, SG Hammamieh, R Shupp, JW Das, R Coleman, GD Jett, M AF Van Gessel, YA Mani, S Bi, SG Hammamieh, R Shupp, JW Das, R Coleman, GD Jett, M TI Functional piglet model for the clinical syndrome and postmortem findings induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pigs; irreversible shock; vascular collapse; mesenteric edema; staphylococcal enterotoxin B; end-organ failure; superantigens; hypoxia; toxic shock syndrome ID ANGIOTENSIN-BINDING PROTEIN; PROXIMAL TUBULAR CELLS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; RHESUS-MONKEYS; MACACA-MULATTA; LETHAL SHOCK; IN-VITRO; SUPERANTIGEN; MICE AB Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) B causes serious gastrointestinal illness, and intoxication with this exotoxin can lead to lethal toxic shock syndrome. In order to overcome significant shortcomings of current rodent and nonhuman primate models, we developed a piglet model of lethal SEB intoxication. Fourteen-day-old Yorkshire piglets were given intravenous SEB, observed clinically, and sacrificed at 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, or 96 hrs posttreatment. Clinical signs were biphasic with pyrexia, vomiting, and diarrhea within 4 hrs, followed by terminal hypotension and shock by 96 hrs. Mild lymphoid lesions were identified as early as 24 hrs, with severe lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and prominent Peyer's patches found by 72 hrs. Widespread edema-most prominent in the mesentery, between loops of spiral colon, and in retroperitoneal connective tissue-was found in animals at 72 hrs. Additional histologic changes included perivascular aggregates of large lymphocytes variably present in the lung and brain, circulating lymphoblasts, and lymphocytic portal hepatitis. Preliminary molecular investigation using gene array has uncovered several gene profile changes that may have implications in the pathophysiology leading to irreversible shock. Five genes were selected for further study, and all showed increased mRNA levels subsequent to SEB exposure. The use of this piglet model will continue to elucidate the pathogenesis of SEB intoxication and facilitate the testing of new therapeutic regimens that may better correlate with human lesions. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Pathol, Div Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Jett, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Pathol, Div Pathol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM marti.jett@na.amedd.army.mil NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 229 IS 10 BP 1061 EP 1071 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 866SJ UT WOS:000224793100011 PM 15522843 ER PT J AU Ooi, TK Engberg, RC Gilbert, JA Vaughan, RE Bower, MV AF Ooi, TK Engberg, RC Gilbert, JA Vaughan, RE Bower, MV TI Modal testing of a lightweight cementitious structure SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. USA, RDECOM, Lead Struct Engineer Methods Branch, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. RP Ooi, TK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 28 IS 6 BP 37 EP 40 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2004.tb00192.x PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 877IU UT WOS:000225562600006 ER PT J AU Elderkin, CL Perkins, EJ Leberg, PL Klerks, PL Lance, RF AF Elderkin, CL Perkins, EJ Leberg, PL Klerks, PL Lance, RF TI Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of the genetic structure of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, in the Mississippi River SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amplified fragment length polymorphism; genetics; invasive species; zebra mussel ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NATURAL-SELECTION; F-STATISTICS; LOCI; DISPERSAL; DISTANCE; ALLOZYME; INDIVIDUALS; VARIABILITY; BARNACLE AB 1. We predicted that zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas), genetic structure in the Mississippi River would follow a model of invasive species genetics, which predicts low genetic structure among populations of recently established species. This prediction was upheld in our previous genetic study using allozymes, however, one locus yielded anomalous results. 2. We employed amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis as a neutral marker to assess the amount of genetic structure within and among populations, and as a test of expected population structure from both invasion genetic theory, and the results from our previous study. 3. There was greater spatial differentiation, as measured by F-st, observed using AFLP's than for allozymes (P < 0.001). There was no evidence that AFLP variation conformed to an isolation by distance model, and genetic relationships of populations, as measured by AFLP markers, were not similar to those detected in our allozyme survey. 4. The lack of concordance between these two genetic marker systems probably reflects their differential responses to drift, migration, and selection occurring during this rapid invasion. Strong population structure is counter to predictions that populations of invasive species will not be differentiated, as with observations based on allozyme markers. Therefore, newly established species may require genetic surveys using multiple marker systems to evaluate population structure. C1 Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Elderkin, CL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Zool, 212 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM elderkcl@muohio.edu RI Klerks, Paul/B-6135-2011 OI Klerks, Paul/0000-0001-9895-5144 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 49 IS 11 BP 1487 EP 1494 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01285.x PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 861QY UT WOS:000224434500009 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M Charoenvit, Y Aguiar, J Sacci, J Hedstrom, R Kumar, S Belmonte, A Lanar, DE Jones, TR Abot, E Druilhe, P Corradin, G Epstein, JE Richie, TL Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL AF Sedegah, M Charoenvit, Y Aguiar, J Sacci, J Hedstrom, R Kumar, S Belmonte, A Lanar, DE Jones, TR Abot, E Druilhe, P Corradin, G Epstein, JE Richie, TL Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL TI Effect on antibody and T-cell responses of mixing five GMP-produced DNA plasmids and administration with plasmid expressing GM-CSF SO GENES AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE malaria; T lymphocytes; vaccination ID FALCIPARUM CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; PLASMODIUM-YOELII; INTERFERON-GAMMA; AOTUS MONKEYS; STAGE ANTIGEN; MALARIA; VACCINE AB One potential benefit of DNA vaccines is the capacity to elicit antibody and T-cell responses against multiple antigens at the same time by mixing plasmids expressing different proteins. A possible negative effect of such mixing is interference among plasmids regarding immunogenicity. In preparation for a clinical trial, we assessed the immunogenicity of GMP-produced plasmids encoding five Plasmodium falciparum proteins, PfCSP, PfSSP2, PfEXP1, PfLSA1, and PfLSA3, given as a mixture, or alone. The mixture induced higher levels of antibodies against whole parasites than did the individual plasmids, but was associated with a decrease in antibodies to individual P. falciparum proteins. T-cell responses were in general decreased by administration of the mixture. Immune responses to individual plasmids and mixtures were generally higher in inbred mice than in outbreds. In inbred BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, coadministration of a plasmid expressing murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF), increased antibody and T-cell responses, but in outbred CD-1 mice, coadministration of mGM-CSF was associated with a decrease in antibody responses. Such variability in data from studies in different strains of mice underscores the importance of genetic background on immune response and carefully considering the goals of any preclinical studies of vaccine mixtures planned for human trials. C1 Naval Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Inst Pasteur, F-59019 Lille, France. Univ Lausanne, Inst Biochem, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), Sanaria Inc, 12111 Parklawn Dr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM slhoffman@sanaria.com RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; Lanar, David/B-3560-2011; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1466-4879 J9 GENES IMMUN JI Genes Immun. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 5 IS 7 BP 553 EP 561 DI 10.1038/sj.gene.6364125 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 865VS UT WOS:000224732900005 PM 15318164 ER PT J AU Haslip, DS Mercier, JR AF Haslip, DS Mercier, JR TI A NATO exercise on radiologicl sampling SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; sampling; weapons; contamination AB The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has held its first-ever large-scale radiological exercise employing unsealed radioactive sources. The objective of the exercise was to validate NATO protocols on radiological sampling and surveying. However, the exercise also proved to be a valuable training opportunity and was highly instructive to all involved. This paper highlights the lessons learned from this exercise, particularly in the areas of radiation survey equipment and techniques, sampling techniques, and field measurements. C1 Def R&D Canada Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Haslip, DS (reprint author), Def R&D Canada Ottawa, 3701 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada. EM Dean.Haslip@drdc-rddc.gc.ca NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 87 IS 5 SU S BP S63 EP S67 DI 10.1097/00004032-200411002-00008 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 866CM UT WOS:000224750700006 PM 15551782 ER PT J AU Manous, JD Stefan, HG AF Manous, JD Stefan, HG TI Sulfate distribution in a multi-basin, saline lake SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Devils Lake; exchange flow; multi-basin lake; sulfate; terminal lake; wind setup ID NORTH-DAKOTA; DEVILS LAKE; FOSSIL OSTRACODES; WATER; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE; REGION; USA AB Devils Lake in northeastern North Dakota ( USA) is a terminal lake of glacial origin with a substantial sulfate content. Since 1940, the lake water level has risen over 13.5 m and salinity has decreased. Devils Lake consists of a series of interconnected basins with sulfate concentration increasing in an eastward direction from 450 mg/l in West Bay to 3000 mg/l in East Devils Lake. Using sulfate as a tracer and linking measurements of specific conductance with observed time series of water surface elevations, wind, and water velocity, this paper illustrates the magnitude and dynamics of mass transport and exchange processes between the multiple basins of Devils Lake. Measurements show small horizontal salinity gradients within the lake basins, but large salinity gradients in some of the exchange zones connecting basins. Vertical salinity gradients were observed in small basins and near exchange zones with strong horizontal salinity differentials. These instances of vertical strati. cation were associated with buoyancy driven exchange flows and wind sheltering. Exchange flow velocities between selected basins were correlated with wind direction and speed. Interbasin exchange flows were found to reverse direction frequently in response to the prevailing wind direction. Flow direction frequencies in one specific exchange zone were 31% west to east, 48% east to west, and 21% bidirectional ( stratified). At the lake level observed in 2000, time averaged, measured interbasin exchange flow rates were 30 - 40 m(3)/s compared to tributary inflow rates to the lake of 3 - 9 m(3)/s. C1 Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Stefan, HG (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM stefa001@umn.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV PY 2004 VL 529 IS 1 BP 169 EP 185 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 870FE UT WOS:000225042200015 ER PT J AU Watson, MD Ashley, PR Abushagur, MAG AF Watson, MD Ashley, PR Abushagur, MAG TI Modeling of optical waveguide poling and thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) charge and current densities for guest/host electro-optic polymers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE electrode poling; guest/host polymer; Mach-Zehnder modulator; thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) current; waveguide ID MICROSCOPY; ELECTRETS AB A charge density and current density model of a waveguide system has been developed to explore the effects of electric field electrode poling. An optical waveguide is modeled during poling by considering the dielectric charge distribution, polarization charge distribution, and conduction charge generated by the poling field. The charge distributions are the source of poling current densities. The model shows that boundary charge current density and polarization current density are the major source of currents measured during poling and thermally stimulated discharge measurements. Charge distributions provide insight into the poling mechanisms and are directly related to E-A and alpha(r). Initial comparisons with experimental data show excellent correlation to the model results. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. USA, AMRDEC, Huntsville, AL 35749 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Kate Gleason Coll Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Watson, MD (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Michael.D.Watson@nasa.gov; RR.Ashley@redstone.rdec.army.mil; maaeen@rit.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1555 EP 1561 DI 10.1109/JQE.2004.835116 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 863MJ UT WOS:000224565700004 ER PT J AU Tong, L Sadler, BM Dong, M AF Tong, L Sadler, BM Dong, M TI Pilot-assisted wireless transmissions SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-FADING CHANNELS; TIME-VARYING CHANNELS; STRICT IDENTIFIABILITY; BLIND IDENTIFICATION; BLOCK TRANSMISSIONS; MULTIPATH CHANNELS; SIDE INFORMATION; MIMO SYSTEMS; DS-CDMA; PERFORMANCE C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Magazine, Signal Processing/E-9947-2015 NR 87 TC 230 Z9 239 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-5888 EI 1558-0792 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG JI IEEE Signal Process. Mag. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 21 IS 6 BP 12 EP 25 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 870CL UT WOS:000225031500004 ER PT J AU Barrowes, BE O'Neill, K Grzegorczyk, TM Chen, XD Kong, JA AF Barrowes, BE O'Neill, K Grzegorczyk, TM Chen, XD Kong, JA TI Broadband analytical magnetoquasistatic electromagnetic induction solution for a conducting and permeable spheroid SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE asymptotic expansion; electromagnetic induction (EMI); small penetration approximation (SPA); spheroidal wave functions (SWFs) ID LARGE PARAMETER-C; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; EXCITATION AB We use a hybrid model including asymptotic expressions of the spheroidal wave functions (SWFs) to obtain a reliable broadband solution for the electromagnetic induction (EMI) response from a conducting and permeable spheroid. We obtain this broadband response, valid in the magnetoquasistatic regime from zero to hundreds of kilohertz, by combining three different techniques, each applicable over a different frequency range. At low frequencies, the exact analytical solution is used. At midrange frequencies, asymptotic expressions for the angular and radial SWFs are incorporated into the exact solution in order to maintain a stable solution for the induced magnetic field. At higher frequencies, a small penetration approximation (SPA) solution is used when the SPA solution approaches the asymptotically assisted solution to within some predefined tolerance. Validation of this combined technique is accomplished through the comparison of the induced magnetic field predicted by our model to both a finite element/boundary integral (FE-BI) numerical solution and experimental data from various spheroids taken by an ultrawideband EMI instrument. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USA Corps Engineers, Erdc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM barrowes@alum.mit.edu NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2479 EP 2489 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.836814 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 871YG UT WOS:000225171900012 ER PT J AU Darwish, AM Bayba, AJ Hung, HA AF Darwish, AM Bayba, AJ Hung, HA TI Thermal resistance calculation of AlGaN-GaN devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 06-11, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP IEEE, Microwave Theory & Tech Soc DE AlGaN; GaN; high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT); reliability; thermal resistance; wide bandgap ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; GANHEMTS; HFETS AB We present an original accurate closed-form expression for the thermal resistance of a multifinger AlGaN-GaN high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) device on a variety of host substrates including SiC, Si, and sapphire, as well as the case of a single-crystal GaN wafer. The model takes into account the thickness of GaN and host substrate layers, the gate pitch, length, width, and thermal conductivity of GaN, and host substrate. The model's validity is verified by comparing it with experimental observations. In addition, the model compares favorably with the results of numerical simulations for many different devices; very close (1% -2%) agreement is observed. Having an analytical expression for the channel temperature is of great importance for designers of power devices and monolithic microwave integrated circuits. In addition, it facilitates a number of investigations that are not practical or possible using time-consuming numerical simulations. The closed-form expression facilitates the concurrent optimization of electrical and thermal properties using standard computer-aided design tools. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Darwish, AM (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM adarwish@arl.army.mil; abayba@arl.army.mil; ahung@arl.army.mil NR 17 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 52 IS 11 BP 2611 EP 2620 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2004.837200 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 868RQ UT WOS:000224931100021 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Vig, JR Ballato, A AF Kim, Y Vig, JR Ballato, A TI Doubly rotated resonators for sensing the properties of liquids SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Piezoelectric Resonators for Sensor Applications CY SEP 25-26, 2003 CL Villach, AUSTRIA SP Carinthian Tech Res ID SHEAR-MODE RESONATORS; GENERATION; QUARTZ AB When a doubly rotated resonator is operated in a liquid, the displacement of the surface is partly out of the plane of the plate of the resonator. The out-of-plane component of the displacement propagates a damped compressional wave into the liquid, and the in-plane component propagates a damped shear wave. In this paper, we report the measurements of the series resonant frequency and the motional arm resistance of doubly rotated quartz resonators (theta approximate to 35degrees and phi = 7degrees) in liquids to compare with singly rotated AT-cut resonators (theta approximate to 35degrees and phi = 0degrees). A modified Butterworth-Van Dyke (BVD) equivalent circuit model is suggested to analyze doubly rotated cut resonators under liquid loading. C1 USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. EM Yoonkee.Kim@ieee.org NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD NOV PY 2004 VL 51 IS 11 BP 1388 EP 1393 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2004.1367477 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 877ET UT WOS:000225551300005 PM 15600081 ER PT J AU Sadler, BM Swami, A AF Sadler, BM Swami, A TI On the performance of episodic UWB and direct-sequence communication systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Ultra-Wideband Systems and Technologies CY MAY 20-23, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP IEEE DE bit-error rate (BER); Chernoff bound; episodic transmission; multiuser interference (MUI); spread spectrum; ultra-wideband (UWB) ID MULTIPLE-ACCESS COMMUNICATIONS; SPREAD-SPECTRUM; IMPULSE RADIO; STATISTICAL-MODEL; CHANNEL; PROPAGATION AB We consider a binary pulsed communication system, with possibly episodic transmission, i.e., the system transmits n pulses per information bit and allows for off-time separation between pulses. In the ultra-wideband (UWB) regime, such systems are motivated for overlay applications, as well as low probability of intercept and low probability of detection scenarios. Processing gain enables low-power transmission, and the UWB pulsing limits the interference effects into narrowband systems. We introduce a random ternary sequence model and use this to study multiuser system performance. We consider the issues of processing gain, jamming margin, coding gain, and multiuser interference (MUI) for a single-user matched filter receiver. The introduction of episodic transmission, with a corresponding reduction in bit rate, provides system flexibility with respect to both MUI rejection and handling multipath channels. Highly episodic transmission provides nearly orthogonal low-rate users, even with system asynchrony and no power control. Performance of a single-user RAKE receiver is evaluated via a Chernoff bound on bit error rate, in the presence of MUI. The analysis includes the impact of fading as well as pilot-aided channel estimation. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,CI,CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,CI,CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM bsadler@arl.army.mil; aswami@arl.army.mil NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 EI 1558-2248 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 3 IS 6 BP 2246 EP 2255 DI 10.1109/TWC.2004.837433 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 884DG UT WOS:000226064200048 ER PT J AU Ulrich, RL DeShazer, D Hines, HB Jeddeloh, JA AF Ulrich, RL DeShazer, D Hines, HB Jeddeloh, JA TI Quorum sensing: A transcriptional regulatory system involved in the pathogenicity of Burkholderia mallei SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HOMOSERINE LACTONE PRODUCTION; LUXR-LUXI FAMILY; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CELL COMMUNICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE; BACTERIA; CEPACIA; IDENTIFICATION; PSEUDOMALLEI AB Numerous gram-negative bacterial pathogens regulate virulence factor expression by using a cell density mechanism termed quorum sensing (QS). An in silico analysis of the Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344 genome revealed that it encodes at least two luxI and four luxR homologues. Using mass spectrometry, we showed that wild-type B. mallei produces the signaling molecules N-octanoyl-homoserine lactone and N-decanoyl-homoserine lactone. To determine if QS is involved in the virulence of B. mallei, we generated mutations in each putative luxIR homologue and tested the pathogenicities of the derivative strains in aerosol BALB/c mouse and intraperitoneal hamster models. Disruption of the B. mallei QS alleles, especially in RJ16 (bmaII) and RJ17 (bmaI3), which are luxI mutants, significantly reduced virulence, as indicated by the survival of mice who were aerosolized with 10(4) CFU (10 50% lethal doses [LD(50)s]). For the B. mallei transcriptional regulator mutants (luxR homologues), mutation of the bmaR5 allele resulted in the most pronounced decrease in virulence, with 100% of the challenged animals surviving a dose of 10 LD(50)s. Using a Syrian hamster intraperitoneal model of infection, we determined the LD(50)s for wild-type B. mallei and each QS mutant. An increase in the relative LD50 was found for RJ16 (bmaI1) (>967 CFU), RJ17 (bmaI3) (115 CFU), and RJ20 (bmaR5) (151 CFU) compared to wild-type B. mallei (<13 CFU). These findings demonstrate that B. mallei carries multiple luxIR homologues that either directly or indirectly regulate the biosynthesis of an essential virulence factor(s) that contributes to the pathogenicity of B. mallei in vivo. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxciol Aerobiol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Ulrich, RL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Ricky.Ulrich@amedd.army.mil; jjeddeloh@oriongenomics.com NR 39 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 72 IS 11 BP 6589 EP 6596 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.11.6589-6596.2004 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 864WS UT WOS:000224664300049 PM 15501791 ER PT J AU Steck-Scott, S Forman, MR Sowell, A Borkowf, CB Albert, PS Slattery, M Brewer, B Caan, B Paskett, E Iber, F Kikendall, W Marshall, J Shike, M Weissfeld, J Snyder, K Schatzkin, A Lanza, E AF Steck-Scott, S Forman, MR Sowell, A Borkowf, CB Albert, PS Slattery, M Brewer, B Caan, B Paskett, E Iber, F Kikendall, W Marshall, J Shike, M Weissfeld, J Snyder, K Schatzkin, A Lanza, E CA Polyp Prevention Trial Study Grp TI Carotenoids, vitamin A and risk of adenomatous polyp recurrence in the polyp prevention trial SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; vitamin A; adenomatous polyps; epidemiology ID SERUM BETA-CAROTENE; LUNG-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; COLON-CANCER; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; DIETARY INTERVENTION; SUBSEQUENT RISK; HIGH-FIBER; FOLLOW-UP AB One trial reported beta-carotene supplementation was protective of adenomatous polyp recurrence in nonsmokers. We now examine the relation of serum and dietary carotenoids and vitamin A to adenomatous polyp recurrence in a subcohort of 834 participants in a low fat, high fiber, high fruit and vegetable dietary intervention, the Polyp Prevention Trial. Multivariate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (Cl) of polyp recurrence were obtained using baseline or the average (first 3 years of the trial) carotenoid and vitamin A values after adjustment for covariates. Compared to the lowest quartile of baseline alpha-carotene concentrations, the OR of multiple polyp recurrence for the highest quartile was 0.55 (95% Cl = 0.30-0.99) and the OR of right-sided recurrence was 0.60 (95% Cl = 0.37-0.95). Baseline dietary intakes of alpha-carotene and vitamin A from food with/without supplements were inversely associated with any recurrence (p(for linear trend) = 0.03- alpha-carotene; p = 0.004 and p = 0.007 -intakes of vitamin A). Compared to the lowest quartile of averaged beta-carotene concentrations, the OR of multiple adenomas for the highest quartile was 0.40 (95% Cl = 0.22-0.75) with an inverse trend (p = 0.02). The risk was inversely related to averaged: alpha-carotene concentrations and right-sided polyps; alpha-carotene intake and recurrence of any, multiple and right-sided polyps; beta-carotene intake and multiple adenoma recurrence; vitamin A from food (with supplements) and each adverse endpoint. Thus, alpha-carotene and vitamin A may protect against recurrence in nonsmokers and nondrinkers or be indicative of compliance or another healthy lifestyle factor that reduces risk. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NCI, Biomet Res Branch, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Kaiser Fdn, Inst Res, Oakland, CA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Edward Hines Jr Hosp, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Hines, IL USA. USA, Walter Reed Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Rockville, MD USA. NCI, Nutre Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Steck-Scott, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, CB 7461, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM susan_scott@unc.edu RI Steck, Susan/G-5736-2013 NR 64 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 112 IS 2 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1002/ijc.20364 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 854YJ UT WOS:000223939500017 PM 15352043 ER PT J AU Abdel-Malek, K Yu, W Yang, JZ Nebel, K AF Abdel-Malek, K Yu, W Yang, JZ Nebel, K TI A mathematical method for ergonomic-based design: placement SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ergonomic design; placement; reachability; reach envelope; optimization AB A rigorous mathematical formulation for ergonomic design based on obtaining and visualizing the workspace of human limbs is herein presented. The methodology and formulation presented in this paper are aimed at placing the human with respect to specified targets, whereby optimizing a given human performance measure. These measures are developed as mathematical cost functions that can be maximized or minimized. For example, as a result of this analysis, a method for placing the human operator relative to the controls in an assembly line while minimizing the person's stress at each joint can be achieved. Other cost functions such as maximizing reachability or maximizing dexterity are considered. The method is characterized by two steps: (1) determine the boundary envelope (also called reach envelope) of a human limb in closed form as, and, (2) move the workspace envelope towards optimizing the cost function while satisfying all constraints. By defining a new position and orientation of the limb's workspace with respect to the target points, it is possible to establish an ergonomic design that satisfies the given constraints. The strengths of this method are in its ability to visualize the placement-reach design problem and in its broadly applicable mathematical formulation well suited for computer implementation. Furthermore, because the ergonomic design problem is indeed an optimization process, the use of optimization techniques in this work lends itself to addressing other standing problems. The formulation and code are demonstrated using a number of examples. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Engn Mech, Virtual Soldier Res Program, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Ctr Comp Aided Design, Virtual Soldier Res Program, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USA, TACOM, RDECOM, AMSRD,TAR,NAC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Abdel-Malek, K (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Engn Mech, Virtual Soldier Res Program, 116 Engn Res Facil, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM amalek@engineering.uiowa.edu RI Yang, Jingzhou/A-1178-2007; Yang, James/G-9801-2012 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 5 BP 375 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.ergon.2004.05.001 PG 20 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 857RR UT WOS:000224136500003 ER PT J AU Yoon, SS Hewson, JC DesJardin, PE Glaze, DJ Black, AR Skaggs, RR AF Yoon, SS Hewson, JC DesJardin, PE Glaze, DJ Black, AR Skaggs, RR TI Numerical modeling and experimental measurements of a high speed solid-cone water spray for use in fire suppression applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT ROUND-JET; LIQUID JETS; COLLISION MODEL; STILL GASES; DROP SIZE; ATOMIZATION; INSTABILITY; COMBUSTION; MECHANISM; SURFACE AB Experimental measurements and numerical simulations of a high-speed water spray are presented. The numerical model is based on a stochastic separated flow technique that includes submodels for droplet dynamics, heat and mass transfer, and droplet-droplet collisions. Because the spray characteristics near the nozzle are difficult to ascertain, a new method for initialization of particle diameter size is developed that assumes a Rosin-Rammler distribution for droplet size, which correctly reproduces experimentally measured Sauter and arithmetic mean diameters. By relating the particle initialization to lower moments of the droplet statistics, it is possible to take advantage of measurements without substantial penalties associated with the greater experimental uncertainty of individual droplet measurements. Overall, very good agreement is observed in the comparisons of experimental measurements to computational predictions for the streamwise development of mean drop size and velocity. In addition, the importance of modeling droplet-droplet collisions is highlighted with comparison of selected droplet-droplet collision models. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM TB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Yoon, SS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ssyoon@sandia.gov NR 39 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD NOV PY 2004 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1369 EP 1388 DI 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2004.07.006 PG 20 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 878MM UT WOS:000225650900004 ER PT J AU Boseley, ME Hartnick, CJ AF Boseley, ME Hartnick, CJ TI Assessing the outcome of surgery to correct velopharyngeal insufficiency with the pediatric voice outcomes survey SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE velopharyngeal insufficiency; pediatric voice outcomes survey (PVOS); voice; surgery ID SPHINCTER PHARYNGOPLASTY; PHARYNGEAL FLAP; WALL AUGMENTATION; MANAGEMENT AB Objective: To assess the functional outcome of surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) by administering the pediatric voice outcomes survey (PVOS) to the parents of the affected children. Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Setting: Tertiary referral pediatric otolaryngology office. Subjects: Twelve children who underwent surgery to correct VPI during the 12-month-period between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2002. Methods: Parents of the 12 children were administered the PVOS prior to surgery and again 6 weeks post-operatively. The PVOS is a validated instrument designed to measure voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL). The score has been transformed to range from 0 (low V-RQOL) to 100 (high V-RQOL). Results: The mean age of the children was 5 years (standard deviation [S.D.], 2.3 years). Seven children underwent sphincteroplasty and five had a superior based pharyngeal flap as a primary procedure. Three children required secondary procedures to correct their underlying VPI and one of those had a third procedure consisting of a posterior wall fat injection. The mean pre-operative PVOS score was 38.3 (S.D., 12) and the mean 6 weeks post-operative score was 72.3 (S.D., 22.7) (paired t-test; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The PVOS represents a valid clinical tool to measure the functional impact of surgery to correct pediatric velopharyngeal insufficiency. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otolaryngol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Hartnick, CJ (reprint author), Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otolaryngol, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM cboseley@satx.rr.com NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0165-5876 J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 BP 1429 EP 1433 DI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.06.002 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics GA 868BB UT WOS:000224885800012 PM 15488976 ER PT J AU Gov-Ari, E Zapanta, PE Malis, D Kumar, S AF Gov-Ari, E Zapanta, PE Malis, D Kumar, S TI A unique presentation of a pharyngeal auricle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pharyngeal auricle; oropharyngeal mass ID 1ST BRANCHIAL CLEFT; HAIRY POLYPS; ANOMALIES AB Congenital lesions typically present in early childhood. Based on their location and presentation, the diagnosis and treatment is usually obvious. Because of the complexities and uniqueness of head and neck embryology, rare congenital Lesions develop and this should be of interest to the otolaryngologist. In this report we present a rare case of a pharyngeal auricle that manifested itself as a polyp within the oropharynx of an infant. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Zapanta, PE (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 2150 Penn Ave,NW,Suite 6B, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM zapanta@gwu.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0165-5876 J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 BP 1451 EP 1454 DI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.05.012 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics GA 868BB UT WOS:000224885800016 PM 15488980 ER PT J AU Cheng, M Chen, WM Weerasooriya, T AF Cheng, M Chen, WM Weerasooriya, T TI Experimental investigation of the transverse mechanical properties of a single Kevlar (R) KM2 fiber SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Kevlar (R) KM2; fiber; mechanical properties; large deformation; loading rate ID ANISOTROPIC FIBRE MONOFILAMENTS; BALLISTIC IMPACT; FABRIC ARMOR; RUBBER; MODEL; COMPRESSION; BEHAVIOR AB A new experimental setup is developed to investigate the transverse mechanical properties of Kevlar(R) KM2 fibers, which has been widely used in ballistic impact applications. Experimental results for large deformation reveal that the Kevlar(R) KM2 fibers possess nonlinear, pseudo-elastic transverse mechanical properties. A phenomenon similar to the Mullins effect (stress softening) in rubbers exists for the Kevlar(R) KM2 fibers. Large transverse deformation does not significantly reduce the longitudinal tensile load-bearing capacity of the fibers. In addition, longitudinal tensile loads stiffen the fibers' transverse nominal stress-strain behaviors at large transverse deformation. Loading rates have insignificant effects on their transverse mechanical properties even in the finite deformation range. An analytical relationship between transverse compressive force and displacement is derived at infinitesimal strain level. This relation is used to estimate the transverse elastic modulus of the Kevlar(R) KM2 fibers, which is 1.34+/-0.35 GPa. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cheng, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 1130 N Mt,Rm N614, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mingc@u.arizona.edu; weinong@u.arizona.edu NR 23 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 41 IS 22-23 BP 6215 EP 6232 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.05.016 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 857RN UT WOS:000224136100011 ER PT J AU Schwartz, GH Jones, CB Garrison, M Patnaik, A Takimoto, C McCreery, H Skinner, M Tolcher, AW Rowinsky, EK AF Schwartz, GH Jones, CB Garrison, M Patnaik, A Takimoto, C McCreery, H Skinner, M Tolcher, AW Rowinsky, EK TI A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the nonpolyglutamatable thymidylate synthase inhibitor ZD9331 plus docetaxel in patients with advanced solid malignancies SO INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUGS LA English DT Article DE ZD9331; docetaxel; thymidylate synthase; antifolate; phase I study; polyglutamate ID INTRAVENOUS ZD9331; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; ZD1694 TOMUDEX; CANCER; SYNTHETASE; RESISTANCE; TRIAL; METHOTREXATE; INFUSION; EFFICACY AB Purpose: To assess the feasibility of administering ZD9331, a thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor that does not undergo polyglutamation and has broad antitumor activity, in combination with docetaxel in patients with advanced solid malignancies. The study also sought to determine the principal toxicities of the regimen and recommend appropriate doses for phase II studies, characterize the pharmacokinetics of the agents, evaluate the possibility of major drug-drug interactions, and seek preliminary evidence of anti-cancer activity. Patients and methods: Patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with escalating doses of docetaxel as a 60-minute intravenous (IV) infusion followed 30 minutes later by ZD9331 as a 30-minute IV infusion every 3 weeks. At least three patients were treated at each dose level, and the maximum tolerated dose level was defined as the highest dose level that was not associated with an unacceptably high incidence of severe toxicity. The pharmacokinetics of both ZD9331 and docetaxel were also characterized. Results: Nineteen patients were treated with 71 cycles of ZD9331 and docetaxel (ZD9331/docetaxel) at dose levels that encompassed dosing iterations of ZD9331 ranging from 65 to 260 mg/m(2) and docetaxel doses in the range of 50 to 75 mg/m(2). Neutropenia was the principal toxicity of the ZD9331/docetaxel regimen. Since five of six patients treated at the ZD9331/docetaxel dose-level of 260/60 mg/m(2) had grade 4 neutropenia that was brief and uncomplicated in the first course, a rigorous exploration of higher dose levels was not undertaken. Nonhematologic toxicities, consisting of malaise, diarrhea, rash, nausea, and vomiting, were also observed, but these effects were rarely severe. No major antitumor responses were observed. The pharmacokinetics of both ZD9331 and docetaxel were similar to those reported in previous studies of each agent administered alone, suggesting the lack of major drug-drug interactions. Conclusion: The combination regimen, consisting of ZD9331 and docetaxel, is feasible and well tolerated at single-agent doses that are clinically-relevant. This ZD9331/docetaxel regimen does not appear to be associated with either major pharmacokinetic or toxicologic drug-drug interactions. A ZD9331/docetaxel dose level of 260/60 mg/m(2) is recommended as an initial dose level in disease-directed studies of the regimen, with further dose escalation of docetaxel to 75 mg/m(2) if the initial treatment is well tolerated. Further studies with this regimen are warranted in tumor types that have demonstrated sensitivity to both agents. C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. AstraZeneca Pharmaceut Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Rowinsky, EK (reprint author), Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, Inst Drug Dev, 7979 Wurzbach Rd,4th Floor Zeller Bldg 700, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM erowinsk@idd.org NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6997 J9 INVEST NEW DRUG JI Invest. New Drugs PD NOV PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 437 EP 448 DI 10.1023/B:DRUG.0000036686.86700.a9 PG 12 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 843GB UT WOS:000223065400009 PM 15292714 ER PT J AU Bolonkin, A AF Bolonkin, A TI Multi-reflex propulsion systems for space and air vehicles and energy transfer for long distance SO JBIS-JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH INTERPLANETARY SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Bolonkin space propulsion system; light engine; multi-reflex propulsion; space energy transfer AB The purpose of this article is to call attention to the revolutionary idea of light multi-reflection. This idea allows the design of new engines, space and air propulsion systems, storage (of a beam and solar energy), transmitters of energy (to millions of kilometers), creation of new weapons, etc. This method and the main innovations were offered by the author in 1983 in the former USSR. Now the author shows in a series of articles the immense possibilities of this idea in many fields of engineering - astronautics, aviation, energy, optics, direct converter of light (laser beam) energy to mechanical energy (light engine), to name a few. This article considers the multi-reflex propulsion systems for space and air vehicles and energy transmitter for long distances in space. C1 USA, Natl Res Council, Brooklyn, NY 11229 USA. RP Bolonkin, A (reprint author), USA, Natl Res Council, 1310 Ave R,F-6, Brooklyn, NY 11229 USA. EM aBolonkin@juno.com NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH INTERPLANETARY SOC PI LONDON PA 27-29 S LAMBETH RD, LONDON SW8 1SZ, ENGLAND SN 0007-084X J9 JBIS-J BRIT INTERPLA JI JBIS-J. Br. Interplanet. Soc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 57 IS 11-12 BP 379 EP 390 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 861EF UT WOS:000224398200002 ER PT J AU Peng, ZK Beckett, AN Engler, RJ Hoffman, DR Ott, NL Simons, FER AF Peng, ZK Beckett, AN Engler, RJ Hoffman, DR Ott, NL Simons, FER TI Immune responses to mosquito saliva in 14 individuals with acute systemic allergic reactions to mosquito bites SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acute systemic allergic reaction; aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; Aedes vexans; Anopheles sinensis; anaphylaxis; angioedema; Culex quinquefasciatus; mosquito allergy; mosquito salivaspecific IgE ID IGG BINDING ANTIGENS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION; IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS; ANTIBODIES; SKIN; SENSITIZATION; PROTEINS; EXTRACTS; HYPERSENSITIVITY AB Background: Mosquito bite-induced acute systemic allergic reactions are an increasing clinical concern and have not been optimally characterized immunologically. Objective: We wanted to study the immunologic basis of these reactions. Methods: Sera were received from 14 individuals with a history of acute systemic allergic reactions to mosquito bites, defined as the presence of one or more of the following: urticaria, angioedema, wheezing, dyspnea, hypotension, and decrease or loss of consciousness. Ten individuals were from the United States and one each was from Canada, Germany, Japan, and Switzerland. An indirect ELISA was developed to measure specific IgE and IgG antibodies to saliva from 5 common mosquito species with different geographic distributions: Aedes aegypti, Aedes vexans, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Twenty-nine individuals with negative bite test results from laboratory-reared mosquitoes served as control subjects. Results: Mosquito saliva-specific IgE levels to all 5 species were significantly increased in the individuals with systemic allergic reactions compared with the control subjects (P < .061 for Aedes vexans and P < .008 for the remaining 4 species). By using the mean of the control subjects plus 1 SD as a cut-off level, 11 individuals had positive results to Aedes albopictus and up to 4 additional species; 3 individuals had positive results to only one species. Saliva-specific IgG levels were not significantly increased in the individuals with systemic allergic reactions compared with levels seen in the control subjects (P > .05). Conclusion: Acute systemic allergic reactions to mosquito bites involve mosquito saliva-specific IgE and can be characterized immunologically. Aedes albopictus is the most common species associated with systemic allergic reactions to mosquito bites. C1 Univ Manitoba, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Allergy & Clin Immunol Sect, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Southdale Pediat Associates, Edina, MN USA. RP Peng, ZK (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Allergy & Clin Immunol Sect, 532-715 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada. EM zpeng@ms.umanitoba.ca NR 38 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 8 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 114 IS 5 BP 1189 EP 1194 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.08.014 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 870HI UT WOS:000225047800030 PM 15536430 ER PT J AU Godfrey, TA Rossettos, JN Bosselman, SE AF Godfrey, TA Rossettos, JN Bosselman, SE TI The onset of tearing at slits in stressed coated plain weave fabrics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID MATRIX AB A simple micromechanical model is presented for predicting the onset of tearing at slitlike damage sites in biaxially stressed coated plain weave fabrics. The stress concentration in the first intact yarn at the slit tip is determined as a function of increasing loading, and predictions for the onset of tearing are made under the assumption that tearing initiates through the rupture of the first intact yarn at a characteristic yarn breaking load. Extensive onset of tearing experiments on various coated nylon and polyester fabrics are presented, and the model is shown to capture the onset of tearing in these fabrics quite well over a range of slit lengths. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Godfrey, TA (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2004 VL 71 IS 6 BP 879 EP 886 DI 10.1115/1.1794165 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 898BF UT WOS:000227050100014 ER PT J AU Dubick, MA Wade, CE AF Dubick, MA Wade, CE CA HSD Devel Group TI Evaluation of the local irritation potential of hypertonic saline-dextran (HSD) in mice and rabbits SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypertonic saline; dextran; HSD; lactated Ringer's; irritation; injection site; rabbits; mice ID FIXED-VOLUME HEMORRHAGE; SUBACUTE TOXICITY; RESUSCITATION; RESPONSES; SERUM; DOGS AB Recent questions have renewed concerns regarding possible irritation associated with intravenous (i.v.) injection of 7.5% hypertonic saline (HS) or hypertonic saline-dextran (HSD: 7.5% NaCl and 6% Dextran-70). This study investigated local injection site irritation associated with i.v., paravenous (p.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of HSD or its individual components. Mice (n = 10 per group per time point) and rabbits (n = 10 per group per time point) were infused i.v. with the maximum tolerated dose (28 or 20 ml kg(-1), respectively) of HSD, HS, Dextran-70 (D-70) or lactated Ringer's solution (LR). Animals were observed at 1,2 and 4 h after injection and then twice daily until euthanized on day 3 or 14. In irritation studies, 24 rabbits were randomized to receive the four fluids and they were evaluated histologically at 4, 24, 48 or 72 h after i.v., p.v., i.m. or s.c. infusion. The sites were observed immediately after injection, at 4 h and then twice daily until euthanasia. In surviving mice, bruising of the tail was observed in 6/18 and 5/19 animals in the HSD and HS groups, respectively, compared with 0/20 animals in the D-70 or LR groups. Sloughing of the tail was eventually observed in two HSD-infused and three HS-infused mice, compared with none in the other groups. More bruises, hematomas and blebs were observed after i.v. or s.c. injection of HS and D-70 than LR or HSD in the rabbit irritation studies, but the differences among groups were not statistically significant. In the acute toxicity study in rabbits, bruising at the site of injection was observed in 7/20 and 5/14 surviving animals from the HSD and HS groups, respectively, but none was observed in the LR or D-70 groups. These data suggest that, if infused over 5-10 min into a peripheral or central vein, a therapeutic dose of HSD (4 ml kg(-1)) should not induce any greater inflammation on the vein than LR. However, if significant extravasation of hypertonic fluid occurs, the possibility of localized, focal necrosis might be expected to occur. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. BioPhausiaAB, Uppsala, Sweden. Letterman Army Inst Res, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP Dubick, MA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Michael.Dubick@amedd.army.mil NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 6 BP 409 EP 413 DI 10.1002/jat.943 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 875TS UT WOS:000225445300001 PM 15558643 ER PT J AU Scobell, A AF Scobell, A TI Terrorism in the Asia-Pacific: Threat and response? SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Scobell, A (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN ASIAN STUDIES INC PI ANN ARBOR PA UNIV MICH 1 LANE HALL, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0021-9118 J9 J ASIAN STUD JI J. Asian Stud. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1078 EP 1079 PG 2 WC Area Studies; Asian Studies SC Area Studies; Asian Studies GA 894UH UT WOS:000226816600012 ER PT J AU Ray, J Butler, CD AF Ray, James Butler, Cary D. TI Rapid and Global Bridge Assessment for the Military SO JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bridges; Bearing capacity; Assessment; Military engineering AB Prior to any military operation, a critical task of military engineers involves the ability to quickly assess the load-carrying capacity of bridges. These assessments are required to facilitate the selection of movement corridors for troops, equipment, and supplies. Assessments are complicated when bridges are located in areas that are inaccesible or where information regarding design standards is unobtainable. The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center has developed a systematic methodology to provide rapid, accurate bridge assessments on a large scale and in all regions. The methodology uses a machine learning approach designed to discover regional construction and condition tendencies given a sample of onsite inspections. Learning occurs based on the notion of bridge similarity. This approach allows for the completion of bridge assessments in a timely and effective manner. A brief description of the systematic methodology is provided, and the results and analysis of this approach are presented using an actual case study that illustrates the effectiveness of the approach. The results indicate that construction tendencies can be captured and applied to reduce the data collection effort while improving bridge assessments. C1 [Ray, James] Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Butler, Cary D.] Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ray, J (reprint author), Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0702 J9 J BRIDGE ENG JI J. Bridge Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 6 BP 550 EP 557 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2004)9:6(550) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA V19GG UT WOS:000208060300005 ER PT J AU Conville, PS Brown, JM Steigerwalt, AG Lee, JW Anderson, VL Fishbain, JT Holland, SM Witebsky, FG AF Conville, PS Brown, JM Steigerwalt, AG Lee, JW Anderson, VL Fishbain, JT Holland, SM Witebsky, FG TI Nocardia kruczakiae sp nov., a pathogen in immunocompromised patients and a member of the "N. nova complex" SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; DNA AMPLIFICATION; ASTEROIDES; VETERANA; IDENTIFICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; STRAINS; TAXA AB Molecular methodologies have become useful techniques for the identification of pathogenic Nocardia species and for the recognition of novel species that are capable of causing human disease. Two isolates recovered from immunocompromised patients were characterized as Nocardia nova by biochemical and susceptibility testing results. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns obtained by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of an amplified portion of the heat shock protein gene were identical to those obtained with the type strain of N. nova. REA of an amplified portion of the 16S rRNA gene showed RFLP patterns that were unlike those obtained for the type strain of N. nova but that were similar to those obtained for the type strains of N africana and N. veterana. Subsequent sequencing of a portion of the 16S rRNA gene produced identical results for the two patient isolates. Sequence analysis of 1,352-bp portions of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these isolates were 99.8% similar to the recently described species N. veterana but were only 99.3, 98.1, and 98.1% similar to the type strains of N. afficana, N. nova, and N. vaccinii, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization studies confirmed that the two patient isolates belonged to the same species but were not closely related to N. africana, N. nova, N. vaccinii, or N. veterana. The patient isolates have been designated N. kruczakiae sp. nov. Because N. africana, N. veterana, and the new species are not readily differentiated from N. nova by phenotypic methods alone, the designation "N. nova complex" can be used to designate isolates such as these that phenotypically resemble N. nova but that have not been definitively characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing or DNA-DNA hybridization. C1 US Dept HHS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Host Def Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Microbiol Serv, Dept Lab Med, Bethesda, MD USA. CDCP, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Conville, PS (reprint author), US Dept HHS, NIH, 10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1508, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM pconville@nih.gov NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11 BP 5139 EP 5145 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.11.5139-5145 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 871QV UT WOS:000225149300034 PM 15528707 ER PT J AU Herold, TJS Taylor, S Abbrescia, K Hunter, C AF Herold, TJS Taylor, S Abbrescia, K Hunter, C TI Post-traumatic Subdural Hygroma: Case report SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE subdural hygroma; subdural hematoma; closed head injury; computed tomography ID HEMATOMA; PATHOGENESIS; FATE AB Subdural Hygroma (SDG) is described in the literature as a common complication of blunt head trauma occurring in a reported 5-20% of all closed head injuries (1-3). The Emergency Physician will likely encounter this type of lesion and it is useful to have an understanding of its significance, its relationship to subdural hematoma (SDH), and management strategies. Although surgical intervention is often advocated in the treatment of intracranial fluid collections causing mass effect, there are several reported cases of spontaneous resolution of uncal and central herniation via conservative management alone (4,5). The authors report a case of a 90-year-old woman who presented to the Emergency Department 5 days after falling and sustaining a closed head injury with computed tomography (CT) scan evidence of mid-line shift. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Herold, TJS (reprint author), Darnall Army Community Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, 36000 Darnall Loop, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2004.03.018 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 866OK UT WOS:000224782600006 PM 15498616 ER PT J AU Vargas, JW Liewehr, FR Joyce, AP Runner, RR AF Vargas, JW Liewehr, FR Joyce, AP Runner, RR TI A comparison of the in vitro retentive strength of glass-ionomer cement, zinc-phosphate cement, and mineral trioxide aggregate for the retention of prefabricated posts in bovine incisors SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID END-FILLING MATERIAL; ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH; LATERAL ROOT PERFORATIONS; SEALING ABILITY; HARD-TISSUE; REPAIR AB The purpose of this study was to compare the retentive strength of zinc-phosphate cement, glass-ionomer cement, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cement in the retention of prefabricated posts. The root canals of 60 bovine incisors were prepared and obturated with warm gutta-percha. Post space was prepared, the smear layer removed, and posts were luted with zinc-phosphate cement, glass-ionomer cement, or MTA. The specimens were stored at 37degreesC and 100% humidity for 2 weeks, and then subjected to increasing axial tensile forces by an Instron machine until bond failure occurred. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA and a Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test. The retentive strengths of zinc phosphate and glass-ionomer cements were statistically equivalent, and significantly greater than MTA (p < 0.001), which suggests that zinc phosphate or glass-ionomer cement may be superior to MTA when used as luting agents for posts in endodontically treated teeth. C1 USA, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Liewehr, FR (reprint author), USA, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. EM frliewehr@vcu.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 30 IS 11 BP 775 EP 777 DI 10.1097/00004770-200411000-00006 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 865EU UT WOS:000224686100006 PM 15505508 ER PT J AU Wuerch, RMW Apicella, MJ Mines, P Yancich, PJ Pashley, DH AF Wuerch, RMW Apicella, MJ Mines, P Yancich, PJ Pashley, DH TI Effect of 2% chlorhexidine gel as an intracanal medication on the apical seal of the root-canal system SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; IN-VITRO; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; ENDODONTIC THERAPY; BACTERIOLOGIC EVALUATION; PERIAPICAL LESIONS; DENTINAL TUBULES; FILLED TEETH AB The purpose of this study was to determine what effect intracanal medications might have on the apical seal of the root-canal system. Forty-two teeth were cleaned and shaped in a crown-down manner to a size #50 K-file. The teeth were divided into three groups: (A) immediate obturation; (13) intracanal placement of calcium hydroxide placed for 14 days; and (C) 2% chlorhexidine gel placed for 14 days. After 14 days, these materials were removed using copious irrigation and obturation was completed on groups B and C. Obturation was performed using the continuous wave of condensation technique using AH Plus sealer in all groups. Leakage was evaluated 60 days after obturation by using a fluid-filtration device. Using the one-way ANOVA test, there was no statistically significant difference in leakage between the three groups. Under the conditions of this study, 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide paste did not adversely affect the apical seal of the root-canal system. C1 USA, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol & Maxillofacial Pathol, Augusta, GA USA. RP Apicella, MJ (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 30 IS 11 BP 788 EP 791 DI 10.1097/00004770-200411000-00010 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 865EU UT WOS:000224686100010 PM 15505512 ER PT J AU Talley, JW Zhang, XR Waisner, S Ringelberg, D Hansen, L AF Talley, JW Zhang, XR Waisner, S Ringelberg, D Hansen, L TI Study of the potential for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons within smear zone soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB A bench-scale study was completed to assess the potential for the bioremediation of smear zone soils at a leaking underground storage tank site in Fort Drum, N.Y. The study demonstrated that the vertical distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) within the smear zone corresponded to differences in microbial biomass and activity. The soil core featured the lowest TPH and highest biomass levels at the top of the smear zone, and the highest TPH and median biomass levels at the bottom of the smear zone. Phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers indicate that gram-positive bacteria and fungi were associated with the in situ TPH biodegradation. The microcosm study shows that microbial respiration at the top of the smear zone was much stronger than that at the bottom of the smear zone. At the top of the smear zone, microbial mineralization was faster under the saturated condition, whereas at the bottom of the smear zone, microbial mineralization was faster under the unsaturated condition. The column study shows that the biodegradation rates of bioventing and biosparging for the specific site did not differ substantially. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USA, Engineer Res Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Talley, JW (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jtalley1@nd.edu OI Waisner, Scott/0000-0003-4360-4712 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2004 VL 130 IS 11 BP 1401 EP 1406 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:11(1401) PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 866KV UT WOS:000224773300018 ER PT J AU Miller, AC Payne, BS AF Miller, AC Payne, BS TI Reducing risks of maintenance dredging on freshwater mussels (Unionidae) in the Big Sunflower River, Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dredging impacts; freshwater mussels; environmental risks; Big Sunflower River ID FUSCONAIA-EBENA BIVALVIA; LOWER OHIO RIVER; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES AB In response to proposed dredging in a 122-km reach of the Big Sunflower River, Mississippi, we studied freshwater mussels (family: Unionidae) using qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative (0.25 m(2) total substratum removal) methods in 1987, 1993, 1994, 2001, 2002, and 2003. Our objectives were to identify important mussel resources, to devise methods for minimizing dredging risks, and to identify habitat improvement features. Approximately 60% of the fauna was located on two high-density shoals characterized by extreme dominance of the commercially valuable threeridge (Amblema plicata). Shallow nearshore and main channel areas comprised approximately 10 and 88% of the aquatic habitat in the project area; however, these areas were of less importance for mussels and supported densities of approximately 5 and 0.5 individuals/m(2), respectively. Throughout the project area the mussel fauna exhibited little or no evidence of recent recruitment, dominance of relatively few species (either A. plicata, or the bank climber Plectomerus dombeyanus), and low species diversity (H) and evenness. No federally listed endangered or threatened mussels were found, although the pyramid pigtoe (Pleurobema pyramidatum), a species listed as endangered in Mississippi, was collected in and upstream of the project area. Two other state-listed species, Plethobasus cyphyus (sheepnose) and Quadrula cylindrica (rabbitsfoot), were only found on gravelly shoals upriver of the project area. Maintenance plans were redesigned to minimize environmental damage; a hydraulic cutterhead dredge will be used in most of the mainstem to reduce risk to nearshore habitats. High-density assemblages on four shoals will not be dredged and 150 and 100 in buffer zones will be left immediately up and downriver. Enhancements for aquatic biota will be created with gravel substratum and wing dams. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Miller, AC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM millera3@wes.army.mil NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 73 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.06.006 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 864KJ UT WOS:000224632100007 PM 15380319 ER PT J AU Bednar, AJ Gent, DB Gilmore, JR Sturgis, TC Larson, SL AF Bednar, AJ Gent, DB Gilmore, JR Sturgis, TC Larson, SL TI Mechanisms of thorium migration in a semiarid soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; URANIUM; PLANT; COMPLEXATION; SOLUBILITY; SORPTION; RA-226; SPAIN; AREA; TH AB Thorium concentrations at Kirtland Air Force Base training sites in Albuquerque, NM, have been previously described; however, the mechanisms of thorium migration were not fully understood. This work describes the processes affecting thorium mobility in this semi-arid soil, which has implications for future remedial action. Aqueous extraction and filtration experiments have demonstrated the colloidal nature of thorium in the soil, due in part to the low solubility of thorium oxide. Colloidal material was defined as that removed by a 0.22-mum or smaller filter after being filtered to nominally dissolved size (0.45 mum). Additionally, association of thorium with natural organic matter is suggested by micro- and ultrafiltration methods, and electrokinetic data, which indicate thorium migration as a negatively charged particle or anionic complex with organic matter. Soil fractionation and digestion experiments show a bimodal distribution of thorium in the largest and smallest size fractions, most likely associated with detrital plant material and inorganic oxide particles, respectively. Plant uptake studies suggest this could also be a mode of thorium migration as plants grown in thorium-containing soil had a higher thorium concentration than those in control soils. Soil erosion laboratory experiments with wind and surface water overflow were performed to determine bulk soil material movement as a possible mechanism of mobility. Information from these experiments is being used to determine viable soil stabilization techniques at the site to maintain a usable training facility with minimal environmental impact. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Erdc, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Bednar, AJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Erdc, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Anthony.J.Bednar@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2070 EP 2077 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900012 PM 15537929 ER PT J AU Bostic, E Sifer, N DuBois, T Bolton, C AF Bostic, E Sifer, N DuBois, T Bolton, C TI Fuel cell systems for the American warfighter SO JOURNAL OF FUEL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science and Technology CY MAR 07-11, 2004 CL Univ Connecticut, Hartford, CT HO Univ Connecticut AB Power generation and energy storage devices are essential components of the operational capabilities of the modern U. S. military. They are paramount to the tactical performance of advanced electronic systems such as Night Vision Goggles, GPS systems, and loser target designators. The modern "digitized" U.S. military relies extensively on these electronic technologies and others as they are fully integrated into combat environments. However, the demand for these electronic systems, as well as new tactical capabilities, is outpacing the supply of available power and energy devices. Recent studies from Iraq show that standard military power and energy systems, such as generators and batteries, were in high demand but short supply which often limited operational speed and capabilities. In an effort to improve upon existing military v power generation and energy storage devices, the Army's Research. Development, and Engineering Centers (RDECs) are evaluating innovative technologies such as fuel cells for military applications. A variety of programs at the U.S. ARMY Communications-Electronics Research, Development, and Engineering Center (CERDEC) Fuel Cell lab are serving to fill the power and energy gap for soldier-based platforms. CERDEC serves as a test. evaluation, and program management center focused on transitioning integrated systems front the tabs to the users. CERDEC has adopted a "systems of systems" approach to the development and testing of military fuel cell units and strives to develop completely packaged systems in order to rapidly transition fuel cell technology into the field. This paper will address current Army Communications-Electronics Research Development Engineering Center (CERDEC) fuel cell technology programs and their adaptation into military environments. C1 USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSRD CER C2 AP Es, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bostic, E (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSRD CER C2 AP Es, 10125 Gratiot Rd,Suite 100, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1550-624X J9 J FUEL CELL SCI TECH JI J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 1 IS 1 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1115/1.1782922 PG 4 GA 046XN UT WOS:000237844500014 ER PT J AU Adalier, K Sharp, MK AF Adalier, K Sharp, MK TI Embankment dam on liquefiable foundation - Dynamic behavior and densification remediation SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LIQUEFACTION; EARTHQUAKE; FLUID; SAND AB Earthquake-induced liquefaction is a major concern for embankment dam safety. Many liquefaction-induced earth embankment failures or near failures have been reported around the world during various earthquakes. Such embankment damages were particularly destructive when the underlying saturated granular soils liquefied, resulting in cracking, settlement, lateral spreading, and slumping of the embankment. Through a series of four highly instrumented geotechnical centrifuge model tests, seismic behavior of a zoned embankment dam with saturated sandy soil foundation was studied under moderate earthquake conditions. The beneficial effects of foundation densification were investigated. Valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of the employed embankment-foundation systems are provided. Test results suggest that there may be an optimum depth of densification treatment beneath an earth dam beyond which the reduction of the earthquake-induced deformations are relatively minor and that relatively small and isolated zones (e.g., at depth) of loose material within a densified volume of soil may not impair the overall effectiveness of treatment and do not necessarily result in damaging displacements. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Panama City, FL 32444 USA. Centrifuge Res Ctr, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Adalier, K (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Panama City, FL 32444 USA. EM kadalier@pc.fsu.edu; michael.k.sharp@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 130 IS 11 BP 1214 EP 1224 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(20040130:11(1214) PG 11 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 866PH UT WOS:000224784900011 ER PT J AU Klyushnenkova, E Fan, A Jiang, SP Bausell, B Alexander, R Lao, LX AF Klyushnenkova, E Fan, A Jiang, SP Bausell, B Alexander, R Lao, LX TI Herbal therapy with anti-cancer formula (ACF) delays primary tumor development in TRAMP-C2 mouse model of prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International-Society-for-Biological-Therapy-of-Cancer CY NOV 04-07, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Int Soc Biol Therapy Canc C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Integrat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Drug Target R&D Sect, Silver Spring, MD USA. VA Maryland Hlth Care Syst, Urol Sect, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1524-9557 J9 J IMMUNOTHER JI J. Immunother. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 6 BP S59 EP S60 DI 10.1097/00002371-200411000-00211 PG 2 WC Oncology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Oncology; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 868GT UT WOS:000224902800212 ER PT J AU Wu, XD Yang, SZ Samuelson, LA Cholli, AL Kumar, J AF Wu, XD Yang, SZ Samuelson, LA Cholli, AL Kumar, J TI Conformation of azobenzene-modified poly(alpha-L-glutamate) (AZOPLGA) in thin films: Solid state NMR studies SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Technical Symposium in Honor of Sukanti K Tripathy CY DEC 05, 2003 CL Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA HO Univ Massachusetts DE conformation; azobenzene-modified PLGA; solid state NMR; cast thin film ID PHOTORESPONSIVE POLYPEPTIDES; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; SPECTROSCOPY; L-GLUTAMATE); MOLECULES; PEPTIDES AB The conformations of azobenzene-modified poly(alpha-L-glutamate)s (AZOPLGA) with a different degree of functionalization were examined by solid state C-13 NMR. The polymer main chain conformations in AZOPLGA powders (precipitated from reaction system) changes from a-helix to P-sheet when the degree of functionalization increases from 12% to 56%. In addition, the solvent used for fabricating films plays an important role in organizing AZOPLGA backbones into characteristic conformation. For AZOPLGA56 (AZOPLGA with 56% of functionalization) cast films, the polymer backbones can assume conformations ranging from order state (beta-sheet) to random coil by changing the solvent for fabrication. In contrast, the effect of solvent on the conformation of AZOPLGA23 (AZOPLGA with 23% of functionalization) is not so significant. When compared with AZOPLGA23 powder (precipitated from reaction system), the helical conformation increases for AZOPLGA23 film cast from TFA. However, the fractions of a-helix and beta-sheet conformation in AZOPLGA23 films (cast from DMF or pyridine) are nearly identical to that of AZOPLGA23 power. Moreover, even though the polymer backbones are random coil in AZOPLGA56 films when cast from TFA, some locally ordered domain can be observed. Lastly, the effect of the azo content appears to play a dominant role over the effect of solvents in directing the conformation of these polymers. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem & Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA USA. RP Cholli, AL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem & Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM jayant_kumar@uml.edu; ashok_cholli@uml.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PD NOV PY 2004 VL A41 IS 12 BP 1359 EP 1368 DI 10.1081/MA-200035277 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 878AU UT WOS:000225619700004 ER PT J AU Ku, BC Froio, D Steeves, D Kim, DW Ahn, H Ratto, JA Blumstein, A Kumar, J Samuelson, LA AF Ku, BC Froio, D Steeves, D Kim, DW Ahn, H Ratto, JA Blumstein, A Kumar, J Samuelson, LA TI Cross-linked multilayer polymer-clay nanocomposites and permeability properties SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Technical Symposium in Honor of Sukanti K Tripathy CY DEC 05, 2003 CL Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA HO Univ Massachusetts DE polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites (PLSNs); gas barrier properties; permeability; cross-linking; electrostatic layer-by-layer (ELBL) assembly ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; FILMS; ALUMINOSILICATE AB Electrostatically layered aluminosilicate nanocomposites have been prepared by the sequential deposition of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(acrylic acid)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/saponite (PAH/PAA/PAH/sapomte)(10) on poly (ethylene terephtalate) (PET) film. Exfoliated saponite nanoplatelets were obtained by extensive shaking, sonication, and centrifugation of a water suspension. To minimize permeability and improve the mechanical integrity, cross-linking of composite films was carried out at different temperatures. The formation of amide linkage induced through heating was observed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cross-linking of nanocomposites (PAH/PAA/PAH/saponite)(10) showed 60% decrease in permeability of oxygen when compared with the pristine PET substrate film. In contrast, water permeability of the nanocomposite membrane was not affected by heating temperature and deposition cycles. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Polymer Sci Program, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Polymer Sci Program, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Korea Res Inst Chem Technol, Taejon, South Korea. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Polymer Sci Program, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM jayant_kumar@uml.edu; lynne_samuelson@uml.edu RI Ahn, Heejoon/K-4603-2015; OI Ahn, Heejoon/0000-0002-3322-6423; KIM, DONG WOOK/0000-0002-0752-5366 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 17 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PD NOV PY 2004 VL A41 IS 12 BP 1401 EP 1410 DI 10.1081/MA-200035343 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 878AU UT WOS:000225619700008 ER PT J AU Cheng, SF Lubitz, P Zheng, Y Edelstein, AS AF Cheng, SF Lubitz, P Zheng, Y Edelstein, AS TI Effects of spacer layer on growth, stress and magnetic properties of sputtered permalloy film SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advanced Magnetic Technologies (ISAMT 2003) CY NOV 13-16, 2003 CL Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, TAIWAN SP Taiwan Assoc Magnet Technol, Opto Elect & Syst Lab, ITRI HO Acad Sinica, Inst Phys DE permalloy film; film stress; film texture; stripe domain ID THIN-FILMS; 1/F NOISE; SENSORS AB A microelectromechanical (MEMS) flux concentrator (J. Appl. phys. 91 (2002) 7795), is a device that will minimize 1/ f noise in magnetic sensors by modulating the magnetic field at the position of the sensor. This requires high permeability and low stress permalloy (Py) films to be deposited on the MEMS flaps (J. Appl. phys. 91 (2002) 7795). Py (Ni80Fe20) films from 100 to 560 nm thick were deposited on Si substrates using DC magnetron sputtering. The effects of deposition conditions on the grain morphology, texture, stress and magnetic properties were studied. Lower sputtering pressure changes film stress from tension to compression and increases the <111> out of film plane texture, while higher power increases tension and texture. Neutral film stress was obtained with 100 W of sputtering power and 1.25 mTorr of Ar gas pressure. With increasing thickness, the Py film was found to develop a stripe-like domain configuration at low fields because of strong out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy. The critical thickness is around 180nm. This may be explained by a competition between planar demagnetization fields and columnar magnetic anisotropy. Adding 5 nm of Ta or Cr layer as spacer successfully broke up the continuity of the magnetic structure and allowed us to produce high-permeability films by fabricating (Ta/Py) or (Cr/Py) multilayer films with each Py layer thinner than the critical thickness. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, QSS, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Cheng, SF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chengs@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 282 SI SI BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.04.027 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 866ZF UT WOS:000224811200028 ER PT J AU Janoo, V Bayer, JJ Benda, CC AF Janoo, V Bayer, JJ Benda, CC TI Effect of aggregate angularity on base material properties SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This paper summarizes the results of tests on the impact of aggregate angularity on the resilient modulus and shear strength of the base/subbase layers in a pavement structure. Tests conducted with large-scale samples (300 mm in diameter) found that, at low bulk stress levels, the resilient modulus,of 0% crushed (natural) material was higher than for 100% crushed mixture. This trend was reversed when the bulk stress was greater than 300 kPa. The void ratio also had an impact on the resilient modulus when the crushed content was 50% or less. It was also found that with standard 150-mm-diameter samples, the resilient modulus was higher for the natural material than for 100% crushed material at all stress levels; it was also about 35-50% higher than from the large-scale tests. From the standard samples, the angle of internal friction ranged between 41 and 46degrees for void ratios around 0.22. For the large-scale samples for a void ratio around 0.16, the angle of internal friction. was about 50degrees. The particle index is a good indicator of the crushed (angular) content of a given base course. For all practical purposes, the particle index is not a good indicator of the resilient properties of the base course aggregate. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Janoo, V (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM vincent.c.janoo@erdc.usace.army.mil; jack.j.bayer@erdc.usace.army.mil; chris.benda@state.vt.us NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 16 IS 6 BP 614 EP 622 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:6(614) PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 871FI UT WOS:000225114800013 ER PT J AU Krantz, T Cooper, C Townsend, D Hansen, B AF Krantz, T Cooper, C Townsend, D Hansen, B TI Increased surface fatigue lives of spur gears by application of a coating SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE-CARBON; FILMS; STEEL; DEPOSITION; ABRASION; PERFORMANCE AB Hard coatings have potential for increasing gear surface fatigue lives. Experiments were conducted using gears both with and without a metal-containing, carbon-based coating. The gears were case-carburized AISI 9310 steel spur gears. Some gears were provided with the coating by magnetron sputtering. Lives were evaluated by accelerated life tests. For uncoated gears, all of 15 tests resulted in fatigue failure before completing 275 million revolutions. For coated gears, 11 of the 14 tests were suspended with no fatigue failure after 275 million revolutions. The improved life owing to the coating, approximately a sixfold increase, was a statistically significant result. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Army Res Lab, Cleveland, OH USA. United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT USA. Townsend Engn, Westlake, OH USA. Sikorsky Aircraft, Stratford, CT USA. RP Krantz, T (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Army Res Lab, MS 23-3,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH USA. EM Timothy.L.Krantz@grc.nasa.gov NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 126 IS 6 BP 1047 EP 1054 DI 10.1115/1.1799651 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 903EH UT WOS:000227407800015 ER PT J AU Ulrich, RL DeShazer, D Brueggemann, EE Hines, HB Oyston, PC Jeddeloh, JA AF Ulrich, RL DeShazer, D Brueggemann, EE Hines, HB Oyston, PC Jeddeloh, JA TI Role of quorum sensing in the pathogenicity of Burkholderia pseudomallei SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHAMNOLIPID BIOSURFACTANT SYNTHESIS; TO-CELL COMMUNICATION; SIGMA-FACTOR RPOS; LUXR-LUXI FAMILY; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; VIRULENCE DETERMINANT; GENE-EXPRESSION; CEPACIA AB Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of human and animal melioidosis. The role of quorum sensing (OS) in the in vivo pathogenicity of B. pseudomallei via inhalational exposure of BALB/c mice and intraperitoneal challenge of Syrian hamsters has not been reported. This investigation demonstrates that B. pseudomallei encodes a minimum of three luxl and five luxR homologues that are involved in animal pathogenicity. Mass spectrometry analysis of culture supernatants revealed that wild-type B. pseudomallei and the luxl mutants synthesized numerous signalling molecules, including N-octanoyl-homoserine lactone, N-decanoyl-homoserine lactone, N-(3-hydroxyoctanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone, N-(3-hydroxydecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone and N-(3-oxotetradecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone, which was further confirmed by heterologous expression of the B. pseudomallei luxl alleles in Escherichia coli. Mutagenesis of the B. pseudomallei OS system increased the time to death and reduced organ colonization of aerosolized BALB/c mice. Further, intraperitoneal challenge of Syrian hamsters with the B. pseudomallei OS mutants resulted in a significant increase in the LD50. Using semi-quantitative plate assays, preliminary analysis suggests that OS does not affect lipase, protease and phospholipase C biosynthesis/secretion in B. pseudomallei. The findings of the investigation demonstrate that B. pseudomallei encodes multiple, luxlR genes, and disruption of the OS alleles reduces animal pathogenicity, but does not affect exoproduct secretion. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol Aerobiol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Microbiol Dstl, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. Orion Genom, Ctr Emerging Technol, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. RP Ulrich, RL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Ricky.Ulrich@AMEDD.ARMY.MIL NR 47 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 53 IS 11 BP 1053 EP 1064 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.45661-0 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 871EP UT WOS:000225112500001 PM 15496380 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE TI Finite vacuum energy density in quantum field theory SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 04-08, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT ID SPACETIME TANGENT BUNDLE; GEODESICS; TORSION; SCALAR AB The observed energy density of the vacuum is shown to be finite for a relativistic scalar quantum field theory defined on the tangent bundle of Minkowski spacetime, and constrained by maximal proper acceleration. The vacuum expectation value of the energy per unit spatial volume is calculated oil the worldline of the observer, and is shown to be convergent and finite. The vacuum energy density is near vanishing for sufficiently small spread in the spatial part of the observer four-velocity. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM hbrandt@arl.army.mil NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 16-18 SI SI BP 2753 EP 2759 DI 10.1080/09500340408231834 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 885MI UT WOS:000226160700042 ER PT J AU Whitman, JA Fritz, JA Childs, MJD AF Whitman, JA Fritz, JA Childs, MJD TI The influence of experience and specialty certifications on clinical outcomes for patients with low back pain treated within a standardized physical management program therapy SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE experience; expertise; low back pain manipulation; stabilization ID FEAR-AVOIDANCE BELIEFS; SPINAL MANIPULATION; GENERAL-PRACTICE; MANUAL THERAPY; STABILIZING EXERCISE; TREATMENT CHOICES; EXPERT PRACTICE; PRIMARY-CARE; MOBILIZATION; DISABILITY AB Study Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Objectives: To examine the influence of experience and specialty certification on outcomes for patients with low back pain receiving a standardized manipulation or stabilization exercise intervention program. Background: Little research has examined the impact of therapist-related factors on the outcomes of clinical care for patients with low back pain. It is assumed that therapists with more clinical experience or specialty certification will achieve better clinical outcomes; however, few studies have examined this hypothesis. Methods and Measures: One hundred thirty-one participants it) a randomized trial were included (70 randomized to receive manipulation, 61 stabilization). All subjects completed an Oswestry Disability Questionnaire at baseline, and after 1 and 4 weeks of treatment. Therapists were categorized based on total years of experience, years of experience with manual therapy, and specialty certification status, Two-way repeated-measures analyses of covariance were performed within each intervention group to examine the effects of the therapist characteristics on outcomes. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to examine the relative effects of therapist characteristics and intervention on clinical outcomes. Results: Thirteen therapists participated (average 6.0 years of experience [standard deviation, 4.0], 4 (30.8%) with specialty certification). A significant interaction between time and specialty certification status (P = .04) was detected for subjects receiving the manipulation intervention. No significant interactions were detected in the stabilization group. The regression models found that the intervention group significantly contributed to explaining clinical outcomes, but that therapist characteristics did not. Conclusions: With the standardized protocol utilized in this study, it appears that the therapist-related factors of increased experience and specialty certification status do not result in an improvement in patients' disability associated with low back pain. C1 Regis Univ, Rueckert Hartman Sch Hlth Profess, Denver, CO 80221 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys Therapy, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Intermt Hlth Care, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Baylor Univ, USA, Postprofessional Doctoral Program Orthopaed & Man, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Whitman, JA (reprint author), Regis Univ, Rueckert Hartman Sch Hlth Profess, Mail Code G-9,3333 Regis Blvd, Denver, CO 80221 USA. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 662 EP 672 PG 11 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 872FQ UT WOS:000225193500002 PM 15609487 ER PT J AU Cliborne, AV Wainner, RS Rhon, DI Judd, CD Fee, TT Matekel, RL Whitman, JM AF Cliborne, AV Wainner, RS Rhon, DI Judd, CD Fee, TT Matekel, RL Whitman, JM TI Clinical hip tests and a functional squat test in patients with knee osteoarthritis: Reliability, prevalence of positive test findings, and short-term response to hip mobilization SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE arthritis; lower extremity; manual therapy; provocation ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; CLASSIFICATION; CRITERIA; ADULTS AB Study Design: One group pretest-posttest exploratory design. Objectives: Primary purposes of this study were to examine the short-term effect of hip mobilizations on pain and range of motion (ROM) measurements in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to determine the prevalence of painful hip and squat test findings in both patients with knee OA and asymptomatic subjects. The secondary purposes were to assess intrarater reliability and to determine whether fewer subjects experienced painful test findings following hip mobilization. Background: Conservative intervention, including manual physical therapy applied to the lower extremity, has been shown to reduce impairments associated with knee OA. Methods and Measures: One rater pair administered 4 clinical hip tests to 22 patients with knee OA (mean age, 61.2 years; SE), 6.1 years) and 17 subjects without lower extremity symptoms or known pathology (mean age, 64.0 years; SD, 7.9 years). Intrarater reliability was examined for each clinical test. Patients with knee OA and painful-hip and squat test findings received hip mobilizations. Pain and ROM responses for each test were dependent variables. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients for all tests were greater than 0.87. Composite and individual test pain scores and ROM scores improved significantly following hip mobilization. All clinical test findings were more frequent in the group with knee OA, except for those of the FABER test, and the number of subjects with painful test findings following hip mobilization was reduced for all tests except the hip flexion test. Conclusions: Patients experienced increases in ROM, decreased pain, and fewer subjects had painful test findings immediately following a single session of hip mobilizations. Examination and intervention of the hip may be indicated in patients with knee OA. C1 USA, Baylor Grad Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Regis Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Denver, CO USA. RP Wainner, RS (reprint author), USA, Baylor Grad Program Phys Therapy, 3151 Scott Rd,Room 1303, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Robert.Wainner@cen.amedd.army.mil NR 27 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 676 EP 685 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 872FQ UT WOS:000225193500005 PM 15609488 ER PT J AU Young, B Walker, MJ Strunce, J Boyles, R AF Young, B Walker, MJ Strunce, J Boyles, R TI A combined treatment approach emphasizing impairment-based manual physical therapy for plantar heel pain: A case series SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE ankle; manipulation; mobilization; plantar fasciitis ID ANKLE INVERSION SPRAINS; LOW-BACK-PAIN; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; VISUAL ANALOG; FASCIITIS; DIAGNOSIS; EXERCISE; MOTION; RANGE AB Study Design: Case series. Objective: To describe an impairment-based physical therapy treatment approach for 4 patients with plantar heel pain. Background: There is limited evidence from clinical trials on which to base treatment decision making for plantar heel pain. Methods and Measures: Four patients completed a course of physical therapy based on an impairment-based model. All patients received manual physical therapy and stretching. Two patients were also treated with custom orthoses, and I patient received an additional strengthening program. Outcome measures included a numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and self-reported functional status. Results: Symptom duration ranged from 6 to 52 weeks (mean duration +/- SD, 33 +/- 19 weeks). Treatment duration ranged from 8 to 49 days (mean duration +/- SD, 23 +/- 18 days), with number of treatment sessions ranging from 2 to 7 (mode, 3). All 4 patients reported a decrease in NPRS scores from an average (+/-SD) of 5.8 +/- 2.2 to 0 (out of 10) during previously painful activities. Additionally, all patients returned to prior activity levels. Conclusion: In this case series, patients with plantar heel pain treated with an impairment-based physical therapy approach emphasizing manual therapy demonstrated complete pain relief and full return to activities, Further research is necessary to determine the effectiveness of impairment-based physical therapy interventions for patients with plantar heel pain/plantar fasciitis. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Phys Therapy Dept, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Gen Leonard Wood Army Community Hosp, Ft Leonard Wood, MO USA. Chinle Comprehens Hlth Care, Chinle, AZ USA. Baylor Univ, USA, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Young, B (reprint author), 6709 Pk Haven Dr, San Antonio, TX 78244 USA. EM brian.young@lackland.af.mil NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 725 EP 733 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 872FQ UT WOS:000225193500012 PM 15609492 ER PT J AU Jones, JT Pelham, BW Carvalho, M Mirenberg, MC AF Jones, JT Pelham, BW Carvalho, M Mirenberg, MC TI How do I love thee? Let me count the Js: Implicit egotism and interpersonal attraction SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Convention of the American-Psychological-Society CY MAY, 2004 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Psychol Soc ID SELF-ESTEEM; BEHAVIORAL ACTIVATION; MENTAL PROCESSES; SOCIAL ANXIETY; PERSONALITY; EXPOSURE; NAME; INFORMATION; COGNITION; STATES AB From the perspective of implicit egotism people should gravitate toward others who resemble them because similar others activate people's positive, automatic associations about themselves. Four archival studies and 3 experiments supported this hypothesis. Studies 1-4 showed that people are disproportionately likely to marry others whose first or last names resemble their own. Studies 5-7 provided experimental support for implicit egotism. Participants were more attracted than usual to people (a) whose arbitrary experimental code numbers resembled their own birthday numbers, (b) whose surnames shared letters with their own surnames, and (c) whose jersey number had been paired, subliminally, with their own names. Discussion focuses on implications for implicit egotism, similarity, and interpersonal attraction. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Jones, JT (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM john.jones@usma.edu RI Claus, Bart/I-3780-2014 OI Claus, Bart/0000-0002-8642-9240 NR 81 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-3514 J9 J PERS SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 87 IS 5 BP 665 EP 683 DI 10.1037/0022-3514.87.5.665 PG 19 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 865QK UT WOS:000224717400008 PM 15535778 ER PT J AU Troiano, E Parker, AP Underwood, JH AF Troiano, E Parker, AP Underwood, JH TI Mechanisms and modeling comparing HB7 and A723 high strength pressure vessel steels SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB HB7, an ultra-clean. high strength pressure vessel steel manufactured in France, is compared to A723 steel. This steel. suggested as or improved pressure vessel material is currently being proposed for critical applications, and will likely be used more frequently as design engineers discover its capabilities. This paper includes comparisons of strength. fracture toughness, fatigue properties and composition of the two steels, followed by an in-depth comparison and modeling of environmental cracking resistance. Bauschinger-modified residual stresses and fatigue lives. Results indicate that in all critical areas, with the exception of Bauschinger-reduced residual stress. the HB7 is superior to the A723 steel. Particularly for small amounts of autofrettage, near-bore residual stresses are reduced for HB7 steel compared to those for;4 723 steel at the same strength level. The greatest improvement of the HB7 over the A723 is in environmental cracking resistance. The HB7, when tested in concentrated sulfuric acid. exhibits fire orders of magnitude longer crack incubation times and three orders of magnitude slower crack growth rates, when compared to A 723 steel at the same strength level. C1 USA, RDT&E Ctr, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. Cranfield Univ, Swindon SN6 8LA, Wilts, England. RP Troiano, E (reprint author), USA, RDT&E Ctr, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2004 VL 126 IS 4 BP 473 EP 477 DI 10.1115/1.1811108 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 881ZA UT WOS:000225906900012 ER PT J AU Underwood, JH Parker, AP AF Underwood, JH Parker, AP TI Stress and fracture analysis of ceramic lined, composite or steel jacketed pressure vessels SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Stress and fracture analysis of ceramic-lined cannon pressure vessels is described, for a Si3N4 or SiC liner and A723 steel or carbon-epoxy jacket and with an initial residual interface pressure between liner and jacket and pressure. applied to the bore. Room temperature stresses for a steel jacket over ceramic are similar to those for a carbon-epoxy jacket, but both radial and hoop jacket stresses can exceed typical carbon-epoxy strength values. Elevated temperature liner stresses are reduced for a carbon-epoxy jacket, due to the effective increase in interface pressure caused by differential thermal expansion. Critical crack sizes for brittle fracture are generally very small, albeit larger for Si3N4 than SiC due to lower liner stresses and higher fracture toughness for Si3N4. C1 USA, Armaments Engn & Technol Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. Cranfield Univ, Royal Mil Coll Sci, Swindon SN6 8LA, Wilts, England. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), USA, Armaments Engn & Technol Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2004 VL 126 IS 4 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1115/1.1811109 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 881ZA UT WOS:000225906900014 ER PT J AU Wright, MD Masri, R Driscoll, CF Romberg, E Thompson, GA Runyan, DA AF Wright, MD Masri, R Driscoll, CF Romberg, E Thompson, GA Runyan, DA TI Comparison of three systems for the polishing of an ultra-low fusing dental porcelain SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Fixed-Prosthodontics CY FEB, 2003 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Acad Fixed Prosthodont ID RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; WEAR; SURFACE; ENAMEL; ADJUSTMENT; ROUGHNESS; TEETH; GOLD AB Statement of the problem. With the introduction of newer dental porcelains, there exists the need to evaluate different porcelain polishing systems available on the market. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the surface roughness produced by 3 different porcelain polishing systems on an ultra-low fusing porcelain. Material and methods. Sixty-three ultra-low fusing porcelain (Finesse) discs (10 X 2 mm) were fabricated and randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 21). Both sides of each disc were abraded with a medium-grit diamond bur. One side was autoglazcd and was considered a control. The other side was polished until the surface appeared shiny to the naked eye using 1 of 3 porcelain polishing kits (Axis Dental, Jelenko, and Brasseler systems). The surface of each disc was evaluated quantitatively with surface profilometry and qualitatively using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A mean roughness profile (Ra) value was determined for each side of each specimen to describe the overall roughness of the surface. The Ra mean difference for each specimen was determined by subtracting the mean experimental readings (polished surface) from the mean control readings (glazed surface) and was used for the statistical analysis. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by a Tukey multiple comparison test (alpha=.05). Representative specimens from each group were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Results. The Axis porcelain polishing system produced a smoother surface than the Brasseler or Jelenko systems (0.586 +/- 0.256, 0.306 +/- 0.238, and 0.277 +/- 0.230, respectively). No significant difference was found between the Jelenko and Brasseler porcelain polishing kits (F=10.6, P<.001). The images obtained through SEM were evaluated and found to be consistent with the profilometcr readings. Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, all 3 porcelain polishing systems produced a surface smoother than the autoglazed surface of Finesse. The Axis system provided a significantly smoother surface compared to the Brasseler and Jelenko polishing systems. C1 Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Post Grad Prosthodont Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USA, Dent Res Detachment, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Masri, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Post Grad Prosthodont Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM RMM002@dental.umaryland.edu NR 26 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 92 IS 5 BP 486 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.prosdent.2004.07.021 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 869ZJ UT WOS:000225023500011 PM 15523338 ER PT J AU Krieger, UK Corti, T Videen, G AF Krieger, UK Corti, T Videen, G TI Using photon-counting histograms to characterize levitated liquid aerosol particles with a single, solid inclusion SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE photon-counting histogram; inhomogeneous aerosol; light scattering ID SCATTERING INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK CARBON; DELIQUESCENCE; NACL AB We measure photon-counting histograms of single levitated micron-size droplets with a single solid inclusion. These histograms are compared with histograms obtained using a model of a nonconcentric sphere within a sphere. Based on this comparison we try to distinguish whether the solid inclusion is located at the surface of the host or is free to diffuse through its volume. The results show that a distinction between both cases cannot be made definitively from a single photon-counting histogram alone, but this distinction becomes possible by evaluating numerous histograms with different ratios of the radius of the inclusion to that of the host. For a solid NaCl inclusion in an aqueous NaCl-MgCl2 solution we conclude it is free to diffuse throughout the volume of the liquid host. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ETH, IACETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Space Sci Inst, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Krieger, UK (reprint author), ETH, IACETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM ulrich.krieger@env.ethz.ch RI Corti, Thierry/C-6332-2008; Krieger, Ulrich/E-2916-2016 OI Krieger, Ulrich/0000-0003-4958-2657 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 89 IS 1-4 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.05.022 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 856HP UT WOS:000224036600019 ER PT J AU Zubko, E Shkuratov, YG Videen, G AF Zubko, E Shkuratov, YG Videen, G TI Coherent backscattering effect for non-zero elements of Mueller matrix of discrete media at different illumination-observation geometries SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE negative polarization; opposition effect; ray tracing; coherent backscattering ID WEAK-LOCALIZATION; POLARIZATION; LIGHT; SCATTERING; SURFACES; MOON AB The coherent backscattering effects in media composed of spherical particles with x = 5 and m = 1.5 + 0.5i and medium volume density p 0.05 are studied using a Monte-Carlo ray-tracing algorithm. All non-zero Mueller matrix elements are calculated as a function of phase angle 7 for different illumination-observation geometries both with and without the constructive interference of reciprocal rays. Four orders of scattering are taken into consideration. If the scattering plane includes the surface normal, only Mueller matrix elements S(11), S(12), S(21), S(22), S(33), S(34), S(43) and S(44) are non-zero. We find pronounced differences between cases when the coherent multiple scattering is and is not included with the incoherent multiple scattering for phase curves of S(11) and the ratios S(21) /S(11), S(33)/S(11), and S(44)/S(11). An anti-spike effect related to the coherent backscattering is found in S(44)/S(11). When the angle of incidence is not perpendicular to the surface, the elements S(12) are not zero, even at alpha = 0. For oblique-incident illumination, there may be sharp asymmetries in the phase-angle dependence of elements S(11) and the ratio S(21)/S(11) relative to alpha = 0; whereas, the ratios S(22)/S(11), S(33)/S(11), S(34)/S(11), and S(44)/S(11) all appear symmetric. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Kharkov Natl Univ, Inst Astron, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. AMSRL CI EM, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shkuratov, YG (reprint author), Kharkov Natl Univ, Inst Astron, 35 Sumskaya St, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM zubko@astron.kharkov.ua; shkuratov@vk.kh.ua NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 89 IS 1-4 BP 443 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.05.039 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 856HP UT WOS:000224036600036 ER PT J AU McVary, KT Foley, J Kusek, JW Roehrborn, C AF McVary, K. T. Foley, J. Kusek, J. W. Roehrborn, C. TI The Long Term Effects of Doxazosin, Finasteride and the Combination on Sexual Function in Men Participating in the MTOPS Study SO JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McVary, K. T.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Foley, J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Kusek, J. W.] NIDDK, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Roehrborn, C.] Southwestern Univ, MTOPS Res Grp, Cebu, Philippines. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1743-6095 J9 J SEX MED JI J. Sex. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 1 SU 1 BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA V13HG UT WOS:000207657300161 ER PT J AU Pehoushek, JF Quinn, DM Crum, WP AF Pehoushek, JF Quinn, DM Crum, WP TI Cutaneous leishmaniasis in soldiers returning from deployment to Iraq SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Cutaneous leishmaniasis is becoming a frequently encountered problem in soldiers returning from deployments to areas in Southwest Asia. Two cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosed at a military treatment facility in soldiers returning from Iraq are presented. Diagnostic considerations and procedures are reviewed as are the histopathologic findings and treatment options. C1 Reynolds Army Community Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sill, OK USA. Reynolds Army Community Hosp, Dept Pathol, Ft Sill, OK USA. Reynolds Army Community Hosp, Dept Primary Care, Ft Sill, OK USA. RP Pehoushek, JF (reprint author), Allergy & Dermatol Special Inc, 6320A W Union Hills Dr,Suite 100, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA. EM jpehoushek@cox.net NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 SU S BP S125 EP S128 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.06.018 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 868KJ UT WOS:000224912200017 ER PT J AU Blackbourne, LH Soffer, D McKenney, M Amortegui, J Schulman, CI Crookes, B Habib, F Benjamin, R Lopez, PP Namias, N Lynn, M Cohn, SM AF Blackbourne, LH Soffer, D McKenney, M Amortegui, J Schulman, CI Crookes, B Habib, F Benjamin, R Lopez, PP Namias, N Lynn, M Cohn, SM TI Secondary ultrasound examination increases the sensitivity of the FAST exam in blunt trauma SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE ultrasound blunt abdominal trauma prospective study ID FOCUSED ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC PERITONEAL-LAVAGE; POTENTIAL LIMITATION; HEMOPERITONEUM; INJURIES; LAPAROTOMY; SCORE; NEED AB Introduction. Approximately one third of stable patients with significant intra-abdominal injury do not have significant intraperitoneal blood evident on admission. We hypothesized that a delayed, repeat ultrasound study (Secondary Ultrasound - SUS) will reveal additional intra-abdominal injuries and hemoperitoneum. Methods. We performed a prospective observational study of trauma patients at our Level I trauma center from April 2003 to December 2003. Patients underwent an initial ultrasound (US), followed by a SUS examination within 24 hours of admission. Patients not eligible for a SUS because of early discharge, operative intervention or death were excluded. All US and SUS exams were performed and evaluated by surgical/ emergency medicine house staff or surgical attendings. Results. Five hundred forty-seven patients had both an initial US and a SUS examination. The sensitivity of the initial US in this patient population was 31.1% and increased to 72.1% on SUS (p < 0.001) for intra-abdominal injury or intra-abdominal fluid. The specificity for the initial US was 99.8% and 99.8% for SUS. The negative predictive value was 92.0% for the initial US and increased to 96.6% for SUS (p = 0.002). The accuracy of the initial ultrasound was 92.1% and increased to 96.7% on the SUS (p < 0.002). No patient with a negative SUS after 4 hours developed clinically significant hemoperitoneum. Conclusion secondary ultrasound of the abdomen significantly increases the sensitivity of ultrasound to detect intraabdominal injury. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP McKenney, M (reprint author), DeWitt Daughtry Family Dept Surg, Div Trauma, POB 016960,D-40, Miami, FL 33031 USA. EM MMcKenne@miami.edu NR 21 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0022-5282 EI 1529-8809 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD NOV PY 2004 VL 57 IS 5 BP 934 EP 938 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000149494.40478.E4 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 878QD UT WOS:000225660600002 PM 15580013 ER PT J AU Wirth, MP See, WA McLeod, DG Iversen, P Morris, T Carroll, K AF Wirth, MP See, WA McLeod, DG Iversen, P Morris, T Carroll, K CA Casodex Early Prostate Cancer TI Bicalutamide 150 mg in addition to standard care in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer: Results from the second analysis of the early prostate cancer program at median followup of 5.4 years SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE androgen antagonists; prostatic neoplasms ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION; RADIATION-THERAPY; CARCINOMA; TRIAL; RADIOTHERAPY; SUPPRESSION; MONOTHERAPY; ADJUVANT; SURVIVAL AB Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 150 mg bicalutamide daily given in addition to standard care, in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: The bicalutamide Early Prostate Cancer program consists of 3 randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trials prospectively designed for combined analysis. A total of 8,113 men with T1b-T4, M0, any N (N0 in 1 trial) prostate cancer were randomized to bicalutamide 150 mg/day (4,052) or placebo (4,061) in addition to standard care (radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy or watchful waiting). Primary end points were objective progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. Results: At median 5.4 years of followup (21.6% progression events) bicalutamide significantly improved PFS in the overall population. This result was driven by positive results in trials 24 and 25, with the North American trial (trial 23) showing no difference. Patients with locally advanced disease gained most benefit from bicalutamide in terms of PFS, irrespective of underlying therapy. Overall survival was similar in the bicalutamide and placebo groups, across the program and in each trial. Among watchful waiting patients survival appeared to be improved with bicalutamide in those with locally advanced disease, whereas survival appeared to be reduced with bicalutamide in those with localized disease. The most common adverse events with bicalutamide were gynecomastia and breast pain. Other adverse events occurred with a similarly low incidence in the 2 treatment groups. Conclusions: This analysis confirms that bicalutamide provides benefit in patients with locally advanced disease. The current data suggest that early or adjuvant hormonal therapy for patients at low risk of disease progression, such as those with localized disease, is not appropriate. C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Sch Med, Dept Urol, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Med Coll Wisconsin, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI USA. Rigshosp, Dept Urol, Copenhagen, Denmark. AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. RP Wirth, MP (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Fetscherstasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. EM Manfred.Wirth@uniklinikum-dresden.de NR 21 TC 142 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 172 IS 5 BP 1865 EP 1870 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000140159.94703.80 PN 1 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 862BD UT WOS:000224463600024 PM 15540740 ER PT J AU Hick, EJ Hernandez, J Yordan, R Morey, AF Aviles, R Garcia, CR AF Hick, EJ Hernandez, J Yordan, R Morey, AF Aviles, R Garcia, CR TI Bladder calculus resulting from the migration of an intrauterine contraceptive device SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bladder calculi; intrauterine devices; foreign body migration ID VESICAL CALCULUS AB Intrauterine contraceptive device migration into the bladder with resultant calculus formation is a rare event, with fewer than 20 cases reported in the literature.(1) Patients initially present with irritative voiding symptoms, hematuria and recurrent urinary tract infections. We report a rare case of intravesical migration of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) with secondary bladder calculous formation in a woman with 2 pregnancies after IUD insertion. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urogynecol Div, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Hosp Escuela Tegucigalpa, Dept Urol, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. RP Hernandez, J (reprint author), UTHSCSA, Div Urol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM hernandezj7@uthscsa.edu NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 172 IS 5 BP 1903 EP 1903 DI 10.1091/01.ju.0000142135.94531.bb PN 1 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 862BD UT WOS:000224463600034 PM 15540750 ER PT J AU Buyanova, IA Bergman, JP Chen, WM Thaler, G Frazier, R Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Kim, J Ren, F Kyrychenko, FV Stanton, CJ Pan, CC Chen, GT Chyi, J Zavada, JM AF Buyanova, IA Bergman, JP Chen, WM Thaler, G Frazier, R Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Kim, J Ren, F Kyrychenko, FV Stanton, CJ Pan, CC Chen, GT Chyi, J Zavada, JM TI Optical study of spin injection dynamics in InGaN/GaN quantum wells with GaMnN injection layers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; THIN-FILMS; GAN; SPINTRONICS; ORIGIN AB The spin injection dynamics of GaMnN/InGaN multiquantum well (MQW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy were examined using picosecond-transient and circularly polarized photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Even with the presence of a room temperature ferromagnetic GaMnN spin injector, the LEDs are shown to exhibit very low efficiency of spin injection. Based on resonant optical orientation spectroscopy, the spin loss in the structures is shown to be, largely due to fast spin relaxation within the InGaN MQW, which itself destroys any spin polarization generated by optical spin orientation or electrical spin injection. Typical photoluminescence decay times were 20-40 ns in both commercial GaN MQW LEDs with emission wavelengths between 420-470 nm and in the GaMnN/InGaN multi-quantum well MQW LEDs. In the wurtzite InGaN/GaN system, biaxial strain at the interfaces give rise to large piezoelectric fields directed along the growth axis. This built-in piezofield breaks the reflection symmetry of confining potential leading to the presence of a large Rashba term in the conduction band Hamiltonian which is responsible for the short spin relaxation times. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys & Measurement Technol, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys & Measurement Technol, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu RI Materials, Semiconductor/I-6323-2013; Chen, Weimin/J-4660-2012; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; Buyanova, Irina/A-8924-2015; Bergman, Peder/G-2202-2014; Chyi, Jen-Inn/A-1799-2016 OI Chen, Weimin/0000-0002-6405-9509; Buyanova, Irina/0000-0001-7155-7103; NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 2668 EP 2672 DI 10.1116/1.1819897 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 889JR UT WOS:000226439800022 ER PT J AU Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Frazier, RM Liefer, JY Thaler, GT Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Zavada, JM AF Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Frazier, RM Liefer, JY Thaler, GT Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Zavada, JM TI Optical and electrical properties of AlCrN films grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; GAN FILMS; FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; MN CONCENTRATION; THIN-FILMS; GAMNN; GACRN; ORIGIN; DIODES; ALGAN AB Doping of AIN with Cr at percent level concentrations produces ferromagnetism persisting to above 300 K. We have examined the electrical and optical properties of Cr-doped AIN grown by molecular beam epitaxy under conditions that produce single-phase or multiple phase material, as measured by x-ray diffraction. The band gap of single-phase AIN decreases from 6.2 to 6.1 eV for a Cr concentration of 2 at. %. This change originates from the Franz-Keldysh broadening of the band edge due to potential fluctuations caused by heavy Cr doping. The effect was more pronounced in multiple-phase samples (the secondary phases are Cr2N and AlxCry.), producing an apparent band gap of 5.8 eV. Two strong defect absorption bands with thresholds of 3 and 5 eV are introduced by the Cr doping. The resistivity of single-phase AlCrN samples is higher than the resistivity of similarly grown undoped AIN films.. Multiple-phase AlCrN samples show a high conductivity of the hopping type. The optical transmission spectra of multiphase AlCrN indicates appreciable absorption by free carriers and strong scattering, both most likely due to the presence of conducting inclusions. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Inst Rare Met, Moscow 119017, Russia. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Polyakov, AY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, POB 116400,132 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu RI Smirnov, Nickolai/K-8935-2015 OI Smirnov, Nickolai/0000-0002-4993-0175 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 2758 EP 2763 DI 10.1116/1.1819927 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 889JR UT WOS:000226439800037 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI First blue: The story of World War II Ace Butch Voris and the creation of the Blue Angels. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 129 IS 18 BP 98 EP 98 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 867FI UT WOS:000224827400155 ER PT J AU Metz, EJ AF Metz, EJ TI The sling and the stone: On war in the 21st century. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USACGSC Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Metz, EJ (reprint author), USACGSC Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 129 IS 18 BP 109 EP 109 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 867FI UT WOS:000224827400177 ER PT J AU Bogdanowicz, Z Datta, S AF Bogdanowicz, Z Datta, S TI Analysis of backup route reoptimization algorithms for optical shared mesh networks SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE rerouting; reoptimization; mesh restoration AB In an optical mesh network operation, lightpaths are setup when requested, without prior knowledge of future requests. The concerns of increasing the sharing of backup paths and reducing capacity consumption are addressed on a best-of-now basis. As the number of lightpaths increases, it is possible to reroute existing paths to increase sharing further and free up more network capacity. This paper proposes several rerouting algorithms and compares their performance on test networks. All the described algorithms reroute the backup paths only and do not affect ongoing service. Also, the effect of network load factor and the number of lightpaths on the rerouting gain is examined. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Armament Res & Dev Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Bogdanowicz, Z (reprint author), USA, Armament Res & Dev Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. EM zbogdan@pica.army.mil; datta@princeton.edu NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 40 IS 9-10 BP 1047 EP 1055 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2004.02.030 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 896OD UT WOS:000226942500010 ER PT J AU Moran, DS Heled, Y Gonzalez, RR AF Moran, DS Heled, Y Gonzalez, RR TI Metabolic rate monitoring and energy expenditure prediction using a novel actigraphy method SO MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR LA English DT Article DE heart rate; oxygen uptake; physical activity ID INTENSITY PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CSA ACCELEROMETER; HEART-RATE; VALIDITY; VALIDATION; MOTION; FIELD AB Background: A novel actigraphy method, the proportional integral mode, was used for monitoring metabolic rate and energy expenditure during different levels of exercise intensity. Materials/Methods: 13 young (24 +/- 3yrs) male subjects, clothed in T-shirts, shorts and athletic shoes, ran/walked for 30 min on a level treadmill at different speeds (3, 5, 2, 6, 4, and 7 mph), 5 min at each speed. The following variables were continuously measured: Actigraphy (PCD, USA) data at three different modes (proportional integral mode, zero crossing, and time above threshold) from the wrist; oxygen consumption (Sensor Medics, USA), and heart rate, (Polar, Finland). Results: Analysis of the measured data revealed with low correlation between oxygen consumption and zero crossing or time above threshold (R = 0.364 and 0.384, respectively), but with high correlation between oxygen consumption and proportional integral mode (R = 0.843). Conclusions: The proportional integral mode, which is unlike the other modes, followed the oxygen consumption and the heart rate curves, showing a potential unique method to predict oxygen consumption and energy expenditure. C1 Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Heller Inst Med Res, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA USA. RP Moran, DS (reprint author), Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Heller Inst Med Res, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. EM dmoran@sheba.health.gov.il NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, INC PI ALBERTSON PA 1125 WILLIS AVE, ALBERTSON, NY 11507 USA SN 1234-1010 J9 MED SCI MONITOR JI Med. Sci. Monitor PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP MT117 EP MT120 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 874TE UT WOS:000225371900017 PM 15507861 ER PT J AU Jiao, T Kecskes, LJ Hufnagel, TC Ramesh, KT AF Jiao, T Kecskes, LJ Hufnagel, TC Ramesh, KT TI Deformation and failure of Zr57Nb5Al10Cu15.4Ni12.6/W particle composites under quasi-static and dynamic compression SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BULK METALLIC-GLASS; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SHEAR BANDS; STRAIN-RATE; POLYCRYSTALLINE TUNGSTEN; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURES; FRACTURE; ALLOYS AB We have investigated the mechanical behavior of a composite material consisting of a Zr57Nb5Al10CU15.4Ni12.6 metallic glass matrix with 60 vol pct tungsten particles under uniaxial compression over a range of strain rates from 10(-4) to 10(4) s(-1). In contrast to the behavior of single-phase metallic glasses, the failure strength of the composite increases with increasing strain rate. The composite shows substantially greater plastic deformation than the unreinforced glass under both quasi-static and dynamic loading. Under quasi-static loading, the composite specimens do not fail even at nominal plastic strains in excess, of 30 pct. Under dynamic loading, fracture of the composite specimens is induced by shear bands at plastic strains of approximately 20 to 30 pct. We observed evidence of shear localization in the composite on two distinct length scales. Multiple shear bands with thicknesses less than I mum form under both quasi-static and dynamic loading. The large plastic deformation developed in the composite specimens is due to the ability of the tungsten particles both to initiate these shear bands and to restrict their propagation. In addition, the dynamic specimens also show shear bands with thicknesses on the order of 50 mum; the tungsten particles inside these shear bands are extensively deformed. We propose that thermal softening of the tungsten particles results in a lowered constraint for shear band development, leading to earlier failure under dynamic loading. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM hufnagel@jhu.edu RI Hufnagel, Todd/A-3309-2010; Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014 OI Hufnagel, Todd/0000-0002-6373-9377; Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729 NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 35A IS 11 BP 3439 EP 3444 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0180-y PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 865ZX UT WOS:000224743800009 ER PT J AU Matrajt, G Pizzarello, S Taylor, S Brownlee, D AF Matrajt, G Pizzarello, S Taylor, S Brownlee, D TI Concentration and variability of the AIB amino acid in polar micrometeorites: Implications for the exogenous delivery of amino acids to the primitive Earth SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-AMINOISOBUTYRIC-ACID; MURCHISON METEORITE; ANTARCTIC MICROMETEORITES; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; PREBIOTIC SYNTHESIS; ATMOSPHERIC ENTRY; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; ACCRETION RATE; LIFE; ORIGIN AB Micrometeorites (MMs) are extraterrestrial particles ranging in size from 25 mum to 2 mm that survive atmospheric entry and are collected on the Earth's surface. They represent the largest mass flux (MF) of extraterrestrial material (30,000 +/- 20,000 t/yr) to the present-day Earth. Studies of large collections of MMs suggest that about 20% have not been heated to high temperatures and that they contain organic carbon. Since non-protein amino acids have been found in some carbonaceous meteorites, they might also be found in unmelted MMs. However, previous searches for amino acids in MMs were inconclusive. We combined a new extraction method for amino acids with a highly sensitive analytical method to detect and quantitate amino acids in MMs collected at the South Pole. We found the non-protein amino acid alpha-amino isobutyric acid (AIB) in one of our samples. The non-detection of this amino acid in the other samples analyzed suggests that there are amino acid-containing and amino acid-free MMs, with similar to 14% of the MMs containing AIB. Since the MF of MMs is much higher than that of carbonaceous chondrites (CMs), amino acids in these small particles would represent an important source of exogenous delivery of organic molecules. Therefore, the results are discussed on the basis of their implications for astrobiology. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03766 USA. RP Matrajt, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM graciela.matrajt@ias.u-psud.fr NR 60 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 13 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1849 EP 1858 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 886FC UT WOS:000226211300007 ER PT J AU Cowan, FM Broomfield, CA Stojiljkovic, MP Smith, WJ AF Cowan, FM Broomfield, CA Stojiljkovic, MP Smith, WJ TI A review of multi-threat medical countermeasures against chemical warfare and terrorism SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SULFUR MUSTARD; MAST-CELLS; INDUCED SEIZURE; NERVE AGENTS; T-2 TOXIN; ADENOSINE; POLYMERASE; INHIBITOR; RECEPTORS; TOXICITY AB The Multi-Threat Medical Countermeasure (MTMC) hypothesis has been proposed with the aim of developing a single countermeasure drug with efficacy against different pathologies caused by multiple classes of chemical warfare agents. Although sites and mechanisms of action and the pathologies caused by different chemical insults vary, common biochemical signaling pathways, molecular mediators, and cellular processes provide targets for MTMC drugs. This article will review the MTMC hypothesis for blister and nerve agents and will expand the scope of the concept to include other chemicals as well as briefly consider biological agents. The article will also consider how common biochemical signaling pathways, molecular mediators, and cellular processes that contribute to clinical pathologies and syndromes may relate to the toxicity of threat agents. Discovery of MTMC provides the opportunity for the integration of diverse researchers and clinicians, and for the exploitation of cutting-edge technologies and drug discovery. The broad-spectrum nature of MTMC can augment military and civil defense to combat chemical warfare and chemical terrorism. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Mil Med Acad, Natl Poison Control Ctr, Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg. RP Cowan, FM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 169 IS 11 BP 850 EP 855 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JD UT WOS:000235830500002 PM 15605928 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Dooley, DP AF Murray, CK Dooley, DP TI Bullis fever: A vanished infection of unknown etiology SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Diseases in Nature Transmissible to Man CY JUN 12-13, 2002 CL Houston, TX AB Camp Bullis, Texas, is an active training facility for the U.S. Army and Air Force with a storied history dating back to the late 19th century. In the early 1940s, an epidemic of a seasonal tick-borne rickettsial-like illness occurred at Camp Bullis; the last case was reported in 1947. To date, the etiology of this disease has remained elusive. In an attempt to retrospectively identify the causal pathogen, we surveyed Camp Bullis for the presumed tick vector with intent to screen molecularly for Rickettsia and Ehrlichia. However, no ticks were recovered from primary dragging attempts in the spring or from harvested deer in the fall. Moreover, pathologic and microbiologic materials obtained during the epidemic are no longer extant, making them unavailable for analysis. In this study, we review potential circumstances that impact emerging and, in this case, vanishing infections. The etiology of Bullis fever will probably remain undetermined, and this once-emerging infection may have vanished into history. However, given Camp Bullis' status as an active medical training site, awareness of and surveillance for the disease should continue. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, MHCE MDI, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, MHCE MDI, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 169 IS 11 BP 863 EP 865 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JD UT WOS:000235830500004 PM 15605930 ER PT J AU Joseph, TK Foster, L Pasquina, PF AF Joseph, TK Foster, L Pasquina, PF TI Decreased prevalence of peripheral nerve pathology by electrodiagnostic testing in Gulf War veterans SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; SYMPTOMS AB Objective: The objective was to report the results of electrodiagnostic testing performed on 56 U.S. Persian Gulf War (GW) veterans versus 120 U.S. non-Persian Gulf War (N-GW) patients referred to a physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic. Design: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted. Materials and Methods: Patient medical records of U.S. GW and N-GW patients were reviewed. Patient demographics, reason for consultation, and results of electrodiagnostic testing were extracted from both groups. Results were recorded as positive (abnormal) or negative (normal) occurrence of radiculopathy, generalized peripheral polyneuropathy, and mononeuropathy. The results were then compared using Fisher's exact test. Results: Of the patients referred to rule out a radiculopathy, one of the GW patients (1 of 73) had a positive study, whereas 9 of 38 N-GW patients had positive studies (p = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to the presence of generalized peripheral polyneuropathy or mononeuropathy. Conclusion: This retrospective review of medical records reveals no objective evidence from electrodiagnostic testing of an increased incidence of neuromuscular disease in GW veteran patients compared with N-GW patients. On the contrary, our results reveal a statistically lower incidence of positive electrodiagnostic testing within the GW veteran group, suggesting a lower threshold for referral of GW veteran patients for electrodiagnostic testing than N-GW patients. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Joseph, TK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 169 IS 11 BP 868 EP 871 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JD UT WOS:000235830500006 PM 15605932 ER PT J AU Helling, ER AF Helling, ER TI Otologic blast injuries due to the Kenya Embassy bombing SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TYMPANIC MEMBRANE; EAR; EXPLOSION AB Otologic injuries are frequently associated with large blasts. On August 7, 1998, a large truck bomb exploded next to the U.S. Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. Initial patient findings and care are reviewed. Five months later, an otologic screening and care mission was then sent to comprehensively screen all remaining blast victims on site in Nairobi and to determine degree of persistent injury. Surgical care appropriate for an outpatient environment was provided. Five of 14 tympanic membranes without intervention failed to heal, while 3 of 3 with previous intervention had. Blast injury severity did not correlate to distance from blast epicenter. This may be due to channeling of the blast through the embassy building and an unpredictable pattern of blast overpressure within the building. It is recommended that comprehensive otologic screening be performed after blast events to identify occult injuries and improve outcomes. Early intervention for tympanic membrane perforation (suctioning, eversion of perforations, and paper patch) is recommended. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Otorhinolaryngol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78235 USA. RP Helling, ER (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Otorhinolaryngol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78235 USA. EM hellingfamily@gbronline.com NR 10 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 169 IS 11 BP 872 EP 876 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JD UT WOS:000235830500007 PM 15605933 ER PT J AU Allen, CS Flynn, TW Kardouni, JR Hemphill, MH Schneider, CA Pritchard, AE Duplessis, DH Evans-Christopher, G AF Allen, CS Flynn, TW Kardouni, JR Hemphill, MH Schneider, CA Pritchard, AE Duplessis, DH Evans-Christopher, G TI The use of a pneumatic leg brace in soldiers with tibial stress fractures - A randomized clinical trial SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Sections Meeting of the American-Physical-Therapy-Association CY FEB, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Phys Therapy Assoc ID MILITARY RECRUITS; OVERUSE INJURIES; RETURN; ARMY AB Study Design: Single blind randomized controlled replication study. Objectives: Evaluate the effect of a pneumatic leg brace on return-to-activity and pain in soldiers with tibial stress fractures. Methods and Measures: Thirty-one subjects diagnosed with tibial stress fractures were randomly assigned to either a brace or control group. Dependent variables included time to pain-free single-leg hopping, visual analog pain scale, and time to a pain-free 1-mile run. Twenty subjects (10 brace, 10 control) completed a detailed functional progression culminating in a 1-mile run. Results: There was no difference between groups for time to pain-free hop (p > 0.86; power = 0.43) and time to pain-free 1-mile run (p > 0.24; power = 0.92). Subjects in both groups experienced statistically significant improvements in pain measurements (p < 0.002), but no difference was found between groups (p > 0.93). Conclusion: The current study demonstrated no added benefit of Aircast leg braces in the treatment of tibial stress fractures in the military training environment. C1 Bayne Jones Army Community Hosp, Phys Therapy Dept, Ft Polk, LA 71459 USA. USA, Baylor Grad Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Martin Army Community Hosp, Dept Phys Therapy, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. Moncrief Army Community Hosp, Dept Phys Therapy, Ft Jackson, SC 29207 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. B Company 46 AG BN, Ft Knox, KY 40121 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. RP Allen, CS (reprint author), Special Forces Grp Airborne 1, Box 339502, Ft Lewis, WA 98433 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 169 IS 11 BP 880 EP 884 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JD UT WOS:000235830500009 PM 15605935 ER PT J AU Ling, W Houston, V Tsai, YH Chui, K Kirk, J AF Ling, W Houston, V Tsai, YH Chui, K Kirk, J TI Women's load carriage performance using modular lightweight load-carrying equipment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; WALKING AB The purposes of this study were to evaluate how Modular Lightweight Load-Carrying Equipment (MOLLE) fits women while walking on level surfaces with different loads, to examine women's load carriage performance before and after a simulated march using five load levels, and to examine the relationship between shoulder and leg muscle strength and load carriage performance of women while carrying loads using MOLLE. Seven physically active women carried five levels of load (no load, 20, 30, 40, and 50 pounds) using MOLLE. With increased loads, women showed increased double-limb support time, decreased single-limb support time, increased trunk forward inclination excursion, decreased knee excursion, decreased medial-lateral excurs ion of center of gravity (COG), and increased vertical excursion of COG. Hip abductor strength was a strong predictor of COG. vertical excursion. Some women required modification of the padded hip belt to ensure weight distributed evenly around the pelvis. C1 NYU, Dept Phys Therapy, New York, NY 10010 USA. New York Harbor Hlth Care Syst, Dept Rehabil Engn Res, Dept Vet Affairs, New York, NY 10010 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Ling, W (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys Therapy, 380 2nd Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 169 IS 11 BP 914 EP 919 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JD UT WOS:000235830500016 PM 15605942 ER PT J AU Krull, MAR Jones, BH Dellinger, AM Yore, MM Amoroso, PJ AF Krull, MAR Jones, BH Dellinger, AM Yore, MM Amoroso, PJ TI Motor vehicle fatalities among men in the US army from 1980 to 1997 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MILITARY; INJURIES; HEALTH AB This retrospective cohort study compared trends in motor vehicle occupant fatalities among men in the Army with men in the civilian U.S. population. Motor vehicle fatality rates from 1980 to 1997 indicated both groups showed declines in fatality rates. The overall age-adjusted motor vehicle fatality rate for 17- to 44-year-old males in the Army fell from 40.8 to 20.6 per 100,000, a 49.5% decline. In the U.S. population, the rate dropped from 38.1 to 23.3 per 100,000 for a 38.8% decline. Deaths from motor vehicle crashes fell by almost 50% in the Army during the study period; however, motor vehicle crashes remain the leading cause of death for the Army. U.S. military policies and law enforcement have the potential to make even further gains in reducing motor vehicle crashes and injuries among military personnel. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Krull, MAR (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 169 IS 11 BP 926 EP 931 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JD UT WOS:000235830500018 ER PT J AU Kreishman-Deitrick, M Goley, E Denison, C Egile, C Li, R Murali, N Kodadek, TJ Welch, MD Rosen, MK AF Kreishman-Deitrick, M Goley, E Denison, C Egile, C Li, R Murali, N Kodadek, TJ Welch, MD Rosen, MK TI An NMR-based model for activation of Arp2/3 complex by N-WASP SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Cell-Biology CY DEC 04-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Cell Biol C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Ctr Biomed Invent, Dallas, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Varian Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 2004 VL 15 SU S MA 1493 BP 270A EP 270A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 864QU UT WOS:000224648802217 ER PT J AU Gorbunov, NV Ayyagari, V Atkins, JL AF Gorbunov, NV Ayyagari, V Atkins, JL TI 3-d spatial arrangement of intercellular adhesion molecules 1 (ICAM-1) in alveolar endothelial network and trafficking of inflammatory leukocytes in the response to pulmonary injury. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Cell-Biology CY DEC 04-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Cell Biol C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Atkins, James/B-3577-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 2004 VL 15 SU S MA 1684 BP 304A EP 304A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 864QU UT WOS:000224648802408 ER PT J AU Belden, CJ AF Belden, CJ TI MR imaging of the globe and optic nerve SO NEUROIMAGING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Reprint ID NEURITIS TREATMENT TRIAL; ANTERIOR VISUAL PATHWAY; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; COATS-DISEASE; GLIOMAS; EXPERIENCE; CHILDREN; LESIONS AB The superb contrast resolution of MR imaging has significantly improved radiologists' ability to evaluate the anterior visual pathways and globe. Optimal imaging of the orbit requires the radiologist to have a working understanding of the clinical questions the ophthalmologist needs answered. In this article, basic orbit anatomy, MR imaging protocols for the orbit, and common clinical scenarios encountered when imaging the orbit are reviewed, with a focus on the optic nerve and globe. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE DR, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Belden, CJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE DR, 3581 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM beldenc@nycap.rr.com NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1052-5149 J9 NEUROIMAG CLIN N AM JI Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 809 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nic.2004.07.011 PG 251 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 867JJ UT WOS:000224838600013 ER PT J AU Ellis, MW Dooley, DP Sundborg, MJ Joiner, LL Kost, ER AF Ellis, MW Dooley, DP Sundborg, MJ Joiner, LL Kost, ER TI Coccidioidomycosis mimicking ovarian cancer SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material AB BACKGROUND: Dissemination of coccidioidomycosis to the abdominal cavity is rare. No previous case of peritoneal coccidioidomycosis has presented as an adnexal mass. CASE: We report a case of peritoneal coccidioidomycosis mimicking ovarian carcinoma. The patient presented with a complex ovarian mass, ascites, omental caking, and an elevated CA 125. The ultimate diagnosis was not made until frozen section histopathology was performed at staging laparotomy. CONCLUSION: Peritoneal coccidioidomycosis can present with the clinical, radiographic, and serologic features of ovarian cancer. Although essential for diagnosis and staging, radiographic studies and tumor markers have limited specificity. Coccidioidomycosis now joins other benign conditions that comprise die differential diagnosis of patients who present with what seems to be advanced ovarian carcinoma. Infectious diseases consultation is recommended for the management of peritoneal coccidioidomycosis. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, MCHE MDI, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Ellis, MW (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, MCHE MDI, 3851 Roger Brook Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Michael.Ellis2@cen.amedd.army.mil NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 104 IS 5 SU S BP 1177 EP 1179 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000128111.90367.f2 PN 2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 874UD UT WOS:000225374400021 PM 15516443 ER PT J AU Muir, TW Walters, MD AF Muir, TW Walters, MD TI Surgical management of vaginal vault prolapse in a woman with a neovagina and pelvic kidneys SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID KUSTER-HAUSER-SYNDROME; SUSPENSION; AGENESIS AB BACKGROUND: Women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome have congenital absence of the uterus and upper two-thirds of the vagina, which is frequently accompanied by skeletal and renal anomalies. Mechanical dilation or surgical creation of a vagina allows for function but does not provide endopelvic fascial support of the vagina. Vaginal prolapse may occur. CASE: A 32-year-old woman presented with pelvic kidneys and a 5-year history of prolapse of her mechanically created neovagina. She underwent a sacrospinous ligament suspension with a cadaveric fascia lata bridge. The apex of the neovagina was 5 cm above the hymen 30 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: An allograft colpopexy to the sacrospinous ligament is an effective method of surgical treatment of women with a prolapsed shortened vagina and an inaccessible presacral space. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Muir, TW (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, 385 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM muirtw@aol.com NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 104 IS 5 SU S BP 1199 EP 1201 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000133534.85084.ea PN 2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 874UD UT WOS:000225374400030 PM 15516452 ER PT J AU Fillmore, GL Ward, TP Bower, KS Dudenhoefer, EJ Grabenstein, JD Berry, GK Madigan, WP AF Fillmore, GL Ward, TP Bower, KS Dudenhoefer, EJ Grabenstein, JD Berry, GK Madigan, WP TI Ocular complications in the Department of Defense Smallpox Vaccination Program SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Ophthalmology CY NOV 15-18, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Acad Ophthalmol ID VACCINIAL KERATITIS; UNITED STATES; THERAPY; POLICY AB Objective: The purpose of this case series was to present an overview of the nature and frequency of ocular complications in the Department of Defense (DoD) Smallpox Vaccination Program. Design: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. Participants: The authors retrospectively evaluated data collected on individuals with an ophthalmologic complaint after receiving smallpox vaccination or after contact with a recently immunized individual. The vaccinee and contact cases occurred secondary to inoculations given between December 13, 2002 and May 28, 2003 as part of the DoD Smallpox Vaccination Program. Methods: Data were collected primarily from reports to military headquarters or to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System and individual medical records. Main Outcome Measures: The incidence, types, and timing of ocular complications were evaluated. Diagnostic and treatment considerations also were reviewed. Results: Between December 13, 2002 and May 28, 2003, 450,293 smallpox vaccinations were given. We identified 16 confirmed or probable cases of ocular vaccinia, with an incidence of 3.6 per 100,000 inoculations. Of these cases, 12 (75%) were seen in the vaccinees, and 4 (25%) in close contacts. Of the 12 self-inoculation cases, 7 (58.3%) were seen in individuals receiving the vaccine for the first time (primary vaccination), and 3 (25.0%) were seen in individuals previously vaccinated (revaccination); the vaccination status in 2 cases was unknown. Clinical manifestations included lid pustules, blepharitis, periorbital cellulitis, conjunctivitis, conjunctival ulcers, conjunctival membranes, limbal pustules, corneal infiltrates, and iritis, with onset of symptoms 3 to 24 days after inoculation or contact. Five of 9 tested cases were culture or polymerase chain reaction positive for vaccinia. Treatment for most cases was topical trifluridine 1% (Viroptic; King Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bristol, TN). Vaccinia immune globulin was used in 1 case. In all patients, recovery occurred without significant visual sequelae. Conclusions: When compared with historical data on the ocular complications of smallpox vaccination, the incidence of ocular complications during the DoD Smallpox Vaccination program has been low. In addition, the severity of disease seems to be less than during other vaccination periods. These findings perhaps are the result of improved screening of vaccinees, prevaccination counseling, postvaccination wound care, and the suggested efficacy of trifluridine in the treatment of ocular vaccinia. (C) 2004 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. USA, Off Surgeon Gen, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Fillmore, GL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ophthalmol Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD NOV PY 2004 VL 111 IS 11 BP 2086 EP 2093 DI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.04.027 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 866JZ UT WOS:000224771100017 PM 15522376 ER PT J AU Vollmerhausen, RH Jacobs, E Driggers, RG AF Vollmerhausen, RH Jacobs, E Driggers, RG TI New metric for predicting target acquisition performance SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling and Testing XIV CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE target acquisition; image quality; target identification; target recognition ID IDENTIFICATION PERFORMANCE; NOISE; RECOGNITION AB The Johnson criteria have been shown to be fundamentally flawed due to their insensitivity to effects below the limiting frequency. This flaw makes predictions for many modern imaging systems inaccurate. A new target acquisition metric, the targeting task performance (TTP) metric, has been developed that provides better accuracy than the Johnson criteria. Further, unlike the Johnson criteria, the TTP metric can be applied directly to sampled imagers and to imagers that exhibit colored (spectrally weighted) noise due to frequency boost. Experimental data using both target recognition and target identification tasks show the problems with the Johnson criteria and illustrate the robust performance of the TTP metric. The simplicity of implementing a range performance model with the Johnson criteria is retained by the TTP metric while extending applicability of the model to sampled imagers and digital image enhancement. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USA, Res Development & Engn Command, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Vollmerhausen, RH (reprint author), USA, Res Development & Engn Command, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 30 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2806 EP 2818 DI 10.1117/1.1799111 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 873AB UT WOS:000225249900050 ER PT J AU Potter, BK Kuklo, TR AF Potter, BK Kuklo, TR TI Symptomatic degenerative disk disease following posterior spinal fusion SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID LUMBAR DISCOGRAPHY; BIOMECHANICS; ADJACENT C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kuklo, TR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg & Rehabil, 6900 Georgia Ave,Bldg 2, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD NOV PY 2004 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1202 EP 1204 PG 3 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 871PA UT WOS:000225144500016 PM 15566136 ER PT J AU dela Cruz, GG Rozier, RG Slade, G AF dela Cruz, GG Rozier, RG Slade, G TI Dental screening and referral of young children by pediatric primary care providers SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE physicians; pediatricians; family practice physicians; nurse practitioners; physician assistants; oral; dental; screening; referral; knowledge; attitudes; self-efficacy; behaviors ID ORAL-HEALTH; CARIES; PREVENTION; PROGRAM AB Objective. Several health care organizations recommend that physicians provide preventive dentistry services, including dental screening and referral. This study is the first to investigate characteristics of medical providers that influence their referral to a dentist of children who are at risk for dental disease. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken of primary care clinicians in 69 pediatric practices and 49 family medicine practices who were enrolled in a study to evaluate a pediatric preventive dentistry program targeted toward Medicaid-eligible children in North Carolina. A 100-item, self-administered questionnaire with 23 items on some aspect of dental referral elicited providers' knowledge and opinions toward oral health, their provision of dental services, and their confidence in providing these services. We hypothesized that providers' dental knowledge, opinions about the importance of oral health, and confidence in providing oral health services would be associated with their propensity to refer children who are younger than 3 years and are suspected of having risk factors for future dental disease or a few teeth in the beginning stages of decay. We also hypothesized that providers' perceived referral difficulty would affect their referral activities. Patient characteristics ( tooth decay status, insurance status, immigrant status, English speaking), practice characteristics ( setting, number of providers, patient volume, busyness), practice environment (perceived and actual availability of dentists), and other provider characteristics ( gender, type, practice experience, board certification, training in oral health during or after professional education, hours worked, teaching of residents, preventive behaviors) were assessed and used as control variables. Preliminary bivariate analysis (analysis of variance, chi(2)) identified characteristics associated with referral activity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis using backward stepwise logistic regression tested the posed hypotheses, with provider, practice, and patient characteristics included as potential control variables. Results. Nearly 78% of 169 primary care clinicians who participated in the survey reported that they were likely to refer children who had signs of early decay or high risk for future disease. Approximately half (54%) call a dental office sometimes or more frequently to make an appointment for a child whom they refer, but the most common method is to give the caregiver the name of a dentist without additional assistance (96%). Bivariate analysis revealed that providers who had high confidence in their ability to perform screenings and reported low overall referral difficulty were more likely to refer children. Bivariate analyses also found that providers who were not in group practices, were board certified, graduated 20 years ago or more, saw 80 or more patients per week, had >60% of their total patients who were infants and toddlers, and saw >3.5 patients per hour were significantly less likely to refer at-risk children for dental care. No patient characteristics were associated with referral. The regression model revealed that an increase in odds of referral was significantly associated with confidence in screening abilities ( odds ratio [ OR]: 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-15.1), low referral difficulty (OR: 6.0; 95% CI: 1.0-34.5), and group practice (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.4-12.1). Having a patient population of >60% infants or toddlers was significantly associated with a decrease in odds of referral (OR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1-0.7). Oral health knowledge and opinions did not help to explain referral practices. Conclusions. Tooth decay remains a substantial problem in young children and is made worse by existing barriers that prevent them from obtaining dental care. Because most children are exposed to medical care but not dental care at an early age, primary care medical providers have the opportunity to play an important role in helping children and their families gain access to dental care. This study has identified several factors that need consideration in the further exploration and development of primary care physicians' role in providing for the oral health of their young patients. First, instructional efforts to increase providers' dental knowledge or opinions of the importance of oral diseases are unlikely to be effective in increasing dental referral unless they include methods to increase confidence in providers' ability to identify and appropriately refer children with disease. Medical education in oral health may need to be designed to include components that address self-efficacy in providing risk assessment, early detection, and referral services. Traditional, didactic instruction does not fulfill these requirements, but because the effectiveness of instructional methods for teaching medical providers oral health care, particularly confidence-building aspects, is untested, controlled evaluations are necessary. A second conclusion from this study is that the referral environment is more important than provider knowledge, experience, opinions, or patient characteristics in determining whether medical practitioners refer at-risk children for dental care. Most providers in this study held positive opinions about providing dental services in their practices, had relatively high levels of knowledge, screened for dental disease, accessed risk factors in their patients, and referred; they can be instrumental in helping young children get dental care, yet most providers face difficulties in making dental referrals, and changes in the availability of dental care will be necessary to decrease these barriers before referral can be most effective. The longer-term approach of increasing the number of dental graduates can be complemented in the shorter term by other approaches to increase dentists' participation in Medicaid, such as increases in reimbursement rates; training general dentists to treat young children; and community organization activities to link families, physicians, dentists, and public programs such as Early Head Start. Finally, pediatric primary health care providers can provide oral health promotion and disease prevention activities, thereby eliminating or delaying dental disease and the need for treatment at a very young age. However, effective and appropriate involvement of pediatric primary care clinicians can be expected only after they receive the appropriate training and encouragement and problems with the dental referral environment are addressed. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Hlth Promot & Wellness, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Adelaide, Sch Dent, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP dela Cruz, GG (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Hlth Promot & Wellness, MCHB-TS-HWR,5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM georgia.delacruz@us.army.mil FU BHP HRSA HHS [1-D33-AH-30002-03] NR 38 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2004 VL 114 IS 5 BP E642 EP E652 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1269 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 867KY UT WOS:000224842700063 PM 15520094 ER PT J AU Ortner, G Yakovlev, DR Bayer, M Rudin, S Reinecke, TL Fafard, S Wasilewski, Z Forchel, A AF Ortner, G Yakovlev, DR Bayer, M Rudin, S Reinecke, TL Fafard, S Wasilewski, Z Forchel, A TI Temperature dependence of the zero-phonon linewidth in InAs/GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The temperature dependence of the width Gamma of the zero-phonon emission line in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots has been studied for T<50 K. In single dot experiments on laterally patterned samples we find a linear increase of Gamma with T, with a slope that systematically increases with decreasing size of the mesa structure. This result is to be contrasted with the absence of such a dependence in four-wave mixing on unpatterned samples. The features are shown to be consistent with a theory in which the excitons interact with phonons whose linewidths are given by scattering at surfaces due to patterning. C1 Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Ortner, G (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. OI Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2004 VL 70 IS 20 AR 201301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.201301 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 876EI UT WOS:000225478600008 ER PT J AU Yenesew, A Induli, M Derese, S Midiwo, JO Heydenreich, M Peter, MG Akala, H Wangui, J Liyala, P Waters, NC AF Yenesew, A Induli, M Derese, S Midiwo, JO Heydenreich, M Peter, MG Akala, H Wangui, J Liyala, P Waters, NC TI Anti-plasmodial flavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrina abyssinica SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Erythrina abyssinica; Leguminosae; stem bark; chalcone; flavanone; 5-prenylbutein; 5-deoxyabyssinin II; anti-plasmodial; malaria; Plasmodium falciparum ID ROOT BARK; FLAVANONES; SACLEUXII; BURTTII AB The ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of Erythrina abyssinica showed anti-plasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 7.9 +/- 1.1 and 5.3 +/- 0.7 mug/ml, respectively. From this extract, a new chalcone, 2,3,4,4'-tetrahydroxy-5-prenylchalcone (trivial name 5-prenylbutein) and a new flavanone, 4',7-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-5'-prenylflavanone (trivial name, 5-deoxyabyssinin II) along with known flavonoids have been isolated as the anti-plasmodial principles. The structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nairobi, Dept Chem, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Potsdam, Inst Chem, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany. USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, MRU 64109, APO, AE 09831 USA. RP Yenesew, A (reprint author), Univ Nairobi, Dept Chem, POB 30197,Chiromo Rd, Nairobi, Kenya. EM ayenesew@uonbi.ac.ke OI Heydenreich, Matthias/0000-0003-1639-4959 NR 15 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD NOV PY 2004 VL 65 IS 22 BP 3029 EP 3032 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.050 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 873WC UT WOS:000225311200008 PM 15504437 ER PT J AU Williams, SG Staudenmeier, J AF Williams, SG Staudenmeier, J TI Hallucinations with tolterodine SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Williams, SG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 1 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIAT SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 55 IS 11 BP 1318 EP 1319 DI 10.1176/appi.ps.55.11.1318-a PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA 866MW UT WOS:000224778600028 PM 15534031 ER PT J AU Zapor, MJ Cozza, KL Wynn, GH Wortmann, GW Armstrong, SC AF Zapor, MJ Cozza, KL Wynn, GH Wortmann, GW Armstrong, SC TI Antiretrovirals, part II: Focus on non-protease inhibitor antiretrovirals (NRTIs, NNRTIs, and fusion inhibitors) SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE 2B7 UGT2B7; DRUG-INTERACTIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL TOXICITY; VALPROIC ACID; PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTIONS AB The second in a series reviewing the HIV/AIDS antiretroviral drugs. This review summarizes the non-protease inhibitor antiretrovirals: nucleoside and nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and cell membrane-fusion inhibitors. In an overview format for primary care physicians and psychiatrists, this review presents the mechanism of action, side effects, toxicities, and drug interactions of these agents. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Tuality Forest Grove Hosp, Ctr Geriatr Psychiat, Forest Grove, OR USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Cozza, KL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Ward 63,6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM kelly.cozza@na.amedd.army.mil RI Wynn, Gary/B-3618-2011 NR 83 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 45 IS 6 BP 524 EP 535 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.45.6.524 PG 12 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 866YZ UT WOS:000224810600009 PM 15546830 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO Jensen, JL AF Jensen, JO Jensen, JL TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of trimethylarsine oxide SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; trimethylarsine oxide; trimethylarsinoxide ID ICP-MS; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; ARSENIC METABOLISM; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPECIATION; SPECTRA; MARINE; TRIMETHYLPHOSPHINE; GLUTATHIONE; CAPABILITY AB The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of trimethylarsine oxide are examined theoretically using the Gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of eight types of motion (As-C stretch, As=O stretch, C-H stretch, C-As-C bend, As=O bend, H-C-H bend, CH3 wag, and CH3 twist) utilizing the C-3v symmetry of the molecule. Calculations were performed at the Hartree-Fock, DFT(B3LYP), and MP2 levels of theory using the standard 6-311G** basis. Calculated infrared intensities and Raman activities are reported. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,RT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,RT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM jim.jensen@us.army.mil NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 60 IS 13 BP 3065 EP 3070 DI 10.1016/j.saa.2004.01.028 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 867MY UT WOS:000224847900017 PM 15477145 ER PT J AU Kirkwood, JE Kirkwood, KA Lee, YS Egres, RG Wagner, NJ Wetzel, ED AF Kirkwood, JE Kirkwood, KA Lee, YS Egres, RG Wagner, NJ Wetzel, ED TI Yarn pull-out as a mechanism for dissipating ballistic impact energy in Kevlar((R)) KM-2 fabric - Part II: Predicting ballistic performance SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ARMOR AB The energy absorbed in ballistic fabrics is modeled by assuming yam pull-out, including yam uncrimping and translation, as the primary energy absorption mechanism. Using a semi-empirical model of yarn pull-out based on laboratory tests, predictions of fabric ballistic performance are compared to ballistic test results. The study demonstrates that quasi-static pull-out results can be correlated quantitatively with yarn pull-out during ballistic impact. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Wetzel, ED (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM ewetzel@arl.army.mil RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X NR 23 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 11 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 74 IS 11 BP 939 EP 948 DI 10.1177/004051750407401101 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 869GE UT WOS:000224970600001 ER PT J AU Underwood, JH Witherell, MD Sopok, S McNeil, JC Mulligan, CP Vigilante, GN AF Underwood, JH Witherell, MD Sopok, S McNeil, JC Mulligan, CP Vigilante, GN TI Thermomechanical modeling of transient thermal damage in cannon bore materials SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE thermo-mechanical damage; cannon firing; thermal barrier coatings; coating fracture ID COATINGS; CRACKING AB Modeling of cannon firing damage is extended to include time-varying gas temperature and convection coefficient data as inputs to finite difference calculations of near-bore temperature. Results are described for convective gas heating typical of cannon firing and for laser and combustor simulations of firing. Modeling is also extended to constant heat input conditions for comparison with laser simulation of firing. Slip-zone coating failure concepts of Evans and Hutchinson are adapted to predict shear stress on segments of thermally damaged material, including chromium and silicon carbide. Three measures of thermal damage are described: peak near-bore temperatures, which are highest for laser heating due to its relatively long 5 ms pulse duration; temperature difference between the heated surface and 0.1 mm below the surface, which is highest for cannon firing due to its peak convection during the initial 1 ms of the cannon firing pulse; and coating segment shear stress, which is relatively constant among the various types of cannon firing and simulated firing. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, AETC, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), USA, AETC, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. EM junder@pica.army.mil NR 8 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD NOV PY 2004 VL 257 IS 9-10 BP 992 EP 998 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2004.07.008 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 866BH UT WOS:000224747400013 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RK Birkemeier, WA AF Schwartz, RK Birkemeier, WA TI Sedimentology and morphodynamics of a barrier island shoreface related to engineering concerns, Outer Banks, NC, USA SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barrier island; longshore trough; bar; erosion; closure; cross-shore transport; storm processes; Duck; NC; FRF ID BARRED NEARSHORE SYSTEM; MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; NORTH-CAROLINA; PROFILE CHANGE; BEACH; STORM; WAVES; DUCK; VARIABILITY; LAMINATION AB Forty-nine vibracores were collected from a barrier island shoreface following 12.4 years of biweekly profile surveying. The sedimentologic architecture of the shoreface was linked to time-series elevation change and profile shape to determine relationships between morphodynamics, facies development, erosional processes, profile closeout, and cross-shore transport. The modem shoreface mass, which erosionally overlies a tidal inlet-associated complex, attains a maximum thickness of 3 4 m below the beach to middle profile before pinching out seaward between 9 and 12 in depth. Concave erosional surfaces overlain by cross-stratified fine to medium sand and gravel make up most of the lower half of the shoreface prism below the beach through middle profile reflecting longshore trough incision and subsequent current-dominated aggradation. At the landward margin, gravel-rich laminae record episodic seaward progradation of beach surfaces over coarse inner-trough settings. Seaward, a parallel-laminated fine-sand facies dominates the upper part of the prism recording intermittent shoal zone buildup, including trough filling, under high-velocity plane-bed conditions. Similarly, a bioturbated parallel-laminated, fine- to very fine-sand facies makes up the entire prism below the outermost lower ramp sector, again indicating buildup under high-velocity conditions. However, accretion of the lower ramp results from major storms that cause trough scour along landward locations and simultaneous displacement of fine sand onto the lower ramp. Conversely, lower ramp erosion typically occurs during less energetic conditions as sediment is slowly returned shoreward causing inner-shoreface buildup. Close spacing of major storms during some years led to net progradation of the shoreface. The upper and lower limits of surveyed elevation change (ULe and LLe) repeatedly develop similar limit-profile shapes over shoreface accretion-erosion cycles. The ULe reflects accretion maxima resulting from beach, bar, and lower ramp buildup. The LLe and lower sedimentologic limit (LLs) along the inner 250 to 300 in of the active shoreface are a product of storm-trouch scour down to a maximum depth of similar to 5.5 m. Below the lower ramp facies, the LLe and LLs are primarily products of less energetic wave erosion down to similar to 5 in (shoreward) and 9 in (offshore) depths. The LLe closely matches the LLs documenting that >90% of the shoreface prism was reworked during the 12.4-year period whereas actual ages for erosional events indicate a potential of 2 to 4 years for complete reworking of the shoreface mass. Textural distribution indicates net long-term transport direction and loci of deposition for different sized material. The coarsest material is concentrated at landwardmost locations and well-sorted fine to very fine sand at seaward locations. Medium sand to gravel tends to remain within the trough zone, even during extreme storm events. The ULe and LLe also represent the upper and lower limits for profile closure events. A location of about 4.5 m depth at 300 to 350 in from shoreline marks the boundary between inner profile- and lower ramp-associated closure events, the boundary between trough-associated and lower ramp facies, and the lower ramp morphologic break, all of which correspond to the juncture between longshore-current- and shoaling wave-dominated zones. The lower-ramp zone of closure is a zone of seaward decreasing storm transport in which fine to very fine sand is the typical bedload material. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Allegheny Coll, Dept Geol, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. USACE Field Res Facil, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. RP Schwartz, RK (reprint author), Allegheny Coll, Dept Geol, 520 N Main St, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. EM bschwart@alleg.edu; birkemw@wes.army.mil NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD OCT 30 PY 2004 VL 211 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.020 PG 41 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 867OL UT WOS:000224851800003 ER PT J AU Pizarro, JM Lumley, LA Medina, W Robison, CL Chang, WLE Alagappan, A Bah, MJ Dawood, MY Shah, JD Mark, B Kendall, N Smith, MA Saviolakis, GA Meyerhoff, JL AF Pizarro, JM Lumley, LA Medina, W Robison, CL Chang, WLE Alagappan, A Bah, MJ Dawood, MY Shah, JD Mark, B Kendall, N Smith, MA Saviolakis, GA Meyerhoff, JL TI Acute social defeat reduces neurotrophin expression in brain cortical and subcortical areas in mice SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BDNF mRNA; mouse; hippocampus; social stress ID FACTOR MESSENGER-RNA; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; RAT DENTATE GYRUS; SPATIAL MEMORY; SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION; CHRONIC STRESS; DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; LASTING POTENTIATION; AXONAL-TRANSPORT AB Acute social defeat in mice activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and induces long-term behavioral changes, including exaggerated fear responses and inhibition of territorial behavior. Stress-induced hormonal and neurotransmitter release may contribute to disruption of expression of genes important for cell survival, neuronal plasticity, and neuronal remodeling. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor associated with structural cellular changes that occur during nervous system development and contributes to neural plasticity in the adult brain. In rats, acute (1-2 h) restraint stress transiently reduces BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus, a region important in the memory and in HPA regulation; restraint stress also decreases BDNF expression in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), a region important for fear consolidation and emotional memory. We hypothesized that a brief (10 min) exposure to intense social stress, a more naturalistic stressor than restraint stress, would also reduce BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus and BLA of mice. In the present study, we examined the time course of expression of BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus and amygdala, as well as other subcortical and cortical brain regions, following acute social stress. In situ hybridization analysis for BDNF mRNA expression showed that there was a significant decrease in BDNF mRNA expression in all regions studied in mice 24 h after social defeat when compared to control (naive) mice (P < 0.05). These findings support our hypothesis that BDNF mRNA levels are reduced by social stress, and may have implications for brain plasticity and behavioral changes following social stress. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. AstraZeneca, Expt Med, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Lumley, LA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Lucille.lumley@apg.amedd.army.mil OI Robison, Christopher/0000-0001-8693-6149 NR 76 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 1025 IS 1-2 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.06.085 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 865DM UT WOS:000224682700002 PM 15464739 ER PT J AU Wang, ZN Lewis, MG Nau, ME Arnold, A Vahey, MT AF Wang, ZN Lewis, MG Nau, ME Arnold, A Vahey, MT TI Identification and utilization of inter-species conserved (ISC) probesets on Affymetrix human GeneChip (R) platforms for the optimization of the assessment of expression patterns in non human primate (NHP) samples SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; CHIMPANZEE; NORMALIZATION; DIVERGENCE; SEQUENCES AB Background: While researchers have utilized versions of the Affymetrix human GeneChip((R)) for the assessment of expression patterns in non human primate (NHP) samples, there has been no comprehensive sequence analysis study undertaken to demonstrate that the probe sequences designed to detect human transcripts are reliably hybridizing with their orthologs in NHP. By aligning probe sequences with expressed sequence tags ( ESTs) in NHP, inter-species conserved (ISC) probesets, which have two or more probes complementary to ESTs in NHP, were identified on human GeneChip((R)) platforms. The utility of human GeneChips((R)) for the assessment of NHP expression patterns can be effectively evaluated by analyzing the hybridization behaviour of ISC probesets. Appropriate normalization methods were identified that further improve the reliability of human GeneChips((R)) for interspecies (human vs NHP) comparisons. Results: ISC probesets in each of the seven Affymetrix GeneChip((R)) platforms (U133Plus2.0, U133A, U133B, U95Av2, U95B, Focus and HuGeneFL) were identified for both monkey and chimpanzee. Expression data was generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 12 human and 8 monkey ( Indian origin Rhesus macaque) samples using the Focus GeneChip((R)). Analysis of both qualitative detection calls and quantitative signal intensities showed that intra-species reproducibility (human vs. human or monkey vs. monkey) was much higher than interspecies reproducibility ( human vs. monkey). ISC probesets exhibited higher interspecies reproducibility than the overall expressed probesets. Importantly, appropriate normalization methods could be leveraged to greatly improve interspecies correlations. The correlation coefficients between human ( average of 12 samples) and monkey ( average of 8 Rhesus macaque samples) are 0.725, 0.821 and 0.893 for MAS5.0 (Microarray Suite version 5.0), dChip and RMA ( Robust Multi-chip Average) normalization method, respectively. Conclusion: It is feasible to use Affymetrix human GeneChip((R)) platforms to assess the expression profiles of NHP for intra-species studies. Caution must be taken for interspecies studies since unsuitable probesets will result in spurious differentially regulated genes between human and NHP. RMA normalization method and ISC probesets are recommended for interspecies studies. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Bioqual, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Wang, ZN (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM zwang@hivresearch.org; mlewis@bioqual.com; mnau@hivresearch.org; aarnold@hivresearch.org; mvahey@hivresearch.org NR 17 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 5 AR 165 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-5-165 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 880KQ UT WOS:000225789100006 PM 15507140 ER PT J AU Adams, BD AF Adams, BD TI The Quik-Combo((c)) defibrillator electrode decreases the time to defibrillation: A crossover comparative study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 1960 BP 415 EP 415 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783502273 ER PT J AU Krasuski, RA Smith, B Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R Galbreath, AD Freeman, GL AF Krasuski, RA Smith, B Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R Galbreath, AD Freeman, GL TI Disease management modestly increases utilization of evidence-based therapy and reduces mortality in elderly patients with left ventricular dysfunction SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Altarum Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 2971 BP 639 EP 639 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783503422 ER PT J AU Schreck, DM Prakash, A Bauch, T Viscito, M Mosesi, G AF Schreck, DM Prakash, A Bauch, T Viscito, M Mosesi, G TI The eigenvalue model as an electrical marker in the prediction of acute myocardial infarction in measured and derived electrocardiograms SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. St Georges Med Sch, St Georges, Grenada. Univ Autonoma Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 3095 BP 668 EP 668 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783503544 ER PT J AU O'Malley, P Bindeman, J Bhattarai, S Taylor, A AF O'Malley, P Bindeman, J Bhattarai, S Taylor, A TI A randomized trial assessing the impact of cardiovascular risk factor case management on the metabolic syndrome SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 3707 BP 802 EP 802 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783504274 ER PT J AU Galbreath, AD Krasuski, RA Smith, B Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R Freeman, GL AF Galbreath, AD Krasuski, RA Smith, B Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R Freeman, GL TI Overdiagnosis of congestive heart failure in medicare patients SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Altarum Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 3810 BP 826 EP 826 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783504375 ER PT J AU Konorov, SO Sidorov-Biryukov, DA Zheltikov, AM Bugar, I Chorvat, D Chorvat, D Beloglazov, VI Skibina, NB Bloemer, MJ Scalora, M AF Konorov, SO Sidorov-Biryukov, DA Zheltikov, AM Bugar, I Chorvat, D Chorvat, D Beloglazov, VI Skibina, NB Bloemer, MJ Scalora, M TI Self-phase modulation of submicrojoule femtosecond pulses in a hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; GUIDANCE; AIR AB Hollow-core photonic-crystal fibers (PCFs) capable of transporting sub-100-fs pulses of Ti:sapphire laser radiation in one of their transmission peaks centered around 800 nm have been designed and demonstrated. These fibers are shown to enhance self-phase modulation of submicrojoule 100-fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses, allowing a spectral bandwidth of 35 nm to be achieved with an 8-cm PCF sample. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Int Laser, Moscow 119899, Russia. Ctr Int Laser, Bratislava 81219, Slovakia. Inst Glass Struct Technol & Equipment, Saratov 410044, Russia. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Weap Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Konorov, SO (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Int Laser, Moscow 119899, Russia. EM zheltikov@top.phys.msu.su RI Bugar, Ignac/A-6725-2015 OI Bugar, Ignac/0000-0001-5228-9844 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 17 BP 3690 EP 3692 DI 10.1063/1.1806278 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 866UK UT WOS:000224798700012 ER PT J AU Arkun, FE Reed, MJ Berkman, EA El-Masry, NA Zavada, JM Reed, ML Bedair, SM AF Arkun, FE Reed, MJ Berkman, EA El-Masry, NA Zavada, JM Reed, ML Bedair, SM TI Dependence of ferromagnetic properties on carrier transfer at GaMnN/GaN : Mg interface SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report on the dependence of ferromagnetic properties of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown GaMnN films on carrier transfer across adjacent layers. We found that the magnetic properties of GaMnN, as a part of GaMnN/GaN:Mg heterostructures, depend on the thickness of both the GaMnN film and the adjacent GaN:Mg layer and on the presence of a wide band gap barrier at this interface. These results are explained based on the occupancy of the Mn energy band and how the occupancy can be altered due to carrier transfer at the GaMnN/GaN:Mg interfaces. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Durham, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Arkun, FE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM efarkun@ncsu.edu NR 5 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 17 BP 3809 EP 3811 DI 10.1063/1.1810216 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 866UK UT WOS:000224798700053 ER PT J AU Yao, P Schneider, GJ Miao, BL Murakowski, J Prather, DW Wetzel, ED O'Brien, DJ AF Yao, P Schneider, GJ Miao, BL Murakowski, J Prather, DW Wetzel, ED O'Brien, DJ TI Multilayer three-dimensional photolithography with traditional planar method SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE PHOTORESIST; MICROFABRICATION; LITHOGRAPHY; CRYSTALS AB We describe and demonstrate a method for the realization of three-dimensional lithography through the use of repeated planar photolithography processes. This process is based on the use of a commercially available resist system and consists of tailoring the resist response by controlling the exposure, development, and baking aspects of the process. In particular, postexposure bake is studied in detail as a primary working mechanism which, when combined with a small UV exposure and strong absorption, vertically confined photoacid is produced. As a result, the possibility of re-exposure in lower layers during top layer exposure is eliminated. In the course of this letter, we discuss issues related to this process and how they were overcome. Last, as a demonstration of the proposed method, we present three- and four-layer, three-dimensional "woodpile" photonic crystal structures. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Yao, P (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM yao@ee.udel.edu NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 17 BP 3920 EP 3922 DI 10.1063/1.1811773 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 866UK UT WOS:000224798700090 ER PT J AU Zhu, CN Vourc'h, P Fernagut, PO Fleming, SM Lacan, S Dicarlo, CD Seaman, RL Chesselet, MF AF Zhu, CN Vourc'h, P Fernagut, PO Fleming, SM Lacan, S Dicarlo, CD Seaman, RL Chesselet, MF TI Variable effects of chronic subcutaneous administration of rotenone on striatal histology SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial complex I; striatum; substantia nigra; tyrosine hydroxylase; vesicular monoamine transporter; microglia ID VESICULAR MONOAMINE TRANSPORTER; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; COMPLEX-I; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; PROJECTION NEURONS; DEGENERATION; BRAIN; INTERNEURONS; MICROGLIA; MODEL AB When infused in rats, rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, induces alterations that resemble the histological changes of Parkinson's disease, particularly degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. However, the specificity of rotenone effects has been challenged recently. We have re-examined the alterations caused by rotenone in the substantia nigra and the striatum of rats after infusion of rotenone (2 mg/kg per day s.c.) for 21 days. Three patterns of striatal tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-IR) were observed: 46% of animals showed no reduction, and 46% of animals showed diffuse reduction in TH-IR, whereas one animal presented a focal loss of TH-IR in the striatum. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) was decreased in parallel with TH-IR, strongly suggesting a loss of striatal DA nerve terminals in animals with diffuse or central TH-IR loss. However, no significant loss of TH-IR neurons was observed in the substantia nigra. Analysis of NeuN and DARPP-32 immunoreactivity, and Nissl staining, in the striatum showed no striatal neuronal loss in animals with either preserved TH-IR or diffuse TH-IR reduction. However, in the animal with focal TH-IR loss, severe neuronal loss was evident in the center and the periphery of the striatum, together with microglial activation detected by OX-6 and OX-42 staining. Thus, in most cases, chronic subcutaneous infusion of low doses of rotenone does not induce significant striatal neuronal loss, despite TH-IR and VMAT-IR reduction in a subset of animals, supporting the use of rotenone as a model of Parkinson's disease under carefully controlled experimental conditions. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neurol, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neurobiol, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USA, Med Res Detachment, McKesson BioServ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Chesselet, MF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neurol, David Geffen Sch Med, 710 Westwood Plaza,RNRC B114, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM mchesselet@mednet.ucla.edu OI Fernagut, Pierre-Olivier/0000-0002-7737-5439 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [U54 ES12078] NR 28 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9967 J9 J COMP NEUROL JI J. Comp. Neurol. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 478 IS 4 BP 418 EP 426 DI 10.1002/cne.20305 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Zoology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA 858WA UT WOS:000224221700007 PM 15384065 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of 1,3-difluoro-1,2-propadiene SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrational frequencies; normal modes; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; 1,3-difluoro-1,2-propadiene; 1,3-difluoroallene; 1,3-difluoropropadiene ID ALLENES; SPECTRA; FLUOROALLENES AB The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of 1,3-difluoro-1,2-propadiene in are examined theoretically using the GAUSSIAN 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of eight types of motion (C=C stretch, C-H stretch, C-F stretch, H-C-F scissors, H-C-F wag, H-C-F rock, H-C-F twist, and C=C=C bend) predicted by a group theoretical analysis. Comparing the vibrational frequencies with IR and Raman spectra available in the literature, a set of scaling factors are derived. Predicted infrared and Raman intensities are reported. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, ASMRD, ECB,RT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, ASMRD, ECB,RT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM jim.jensen@us.army.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 686 IS 1-3 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.08.027 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 871PG UT WOS:000225145100023 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of phosphirane SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrational frequencies; normal modes; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; phosphirane; ethylenephosphine; phosphacyclopropane ID PHOSPHORUS-COMPOUNDS; SPECTRA; STRAIN; CHAIN; REARRANGEMENT; HETEROCYCLES; CHEMISTRY; MOLECULES; HYDROGEN AB The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of phosphirane in are examined theoretically using the GAUSSIAN 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of nine types of motion (C-C stretch, P-C stretch C-H stretch, P-H stretch, CH2 scissors, CH2 wag, CH2 rock, CH2 twist, and P-H wag) predicted by a group theoretical analysis. Comparing the vibrational frequencies with IR and Raman spectra available in the literature, a set of scaling factors are derived. Predicted infrared and Raman intensities are reported. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Edgwood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,RT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgwood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,RT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM jim.jensen@us.army.mil NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 686 IS 1-3 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.07.041 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 871PG UT WOS:000225145100024 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of disilylcarbodiimide SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; disilylcarbodiimide; disilylmethanediimine; 2,4-diaza-1,5-disilapenta-2,3-diene; N,N-f-methanetetraylbissilylamine ID GERMYL DERIVATIVES; SILYL AB The vibrational frequencies and corresponding normal mode assignments of disilylcarbodiimide are examined theoretically using the GAUSSIAN98 set of quantum chemistry codes. MP2 and DFT (B3LYP) calculations predict a non-linear structure with C-2 symmetry. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of eight types of motion (N=C=N asymmetric stretch, N=C=N symmetric stretch, Si-H stretch, Si-N stretch, H-Si-H bend, SiH3 wag, SiH3 twist, and Si-N...N-Si torsion) utilizing the C-2 symmetry of the molecule. Uniform scaling factors were derived for each type of motion. Predicted infrared and Raman intensities are reported. Calculated normal mode frequencies for disilylcarbodiimide-d(6) are also reported. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Edgwood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,RT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgwood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,RT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM jim.jensen@us.anny.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 686 IS 1-3 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.07.042 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 871PG UT WOS:000225145100025 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Ramesh, KT Chin, ESC AF Zhang, H Ramesh, KT Chin, ESC TI High strain rate response of aluminum 6092/B4C composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE metal-matrix composites; B4C particles; powder metallurgy; high strain rates; mechanical properties ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; PARTICLE-REINFORCED ALUMINUM; MECHANICAL RESPONSE; SIZE; BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION AB Aluminum 6092/B4Cp (boron carbide) metal-matrix composites (MMC) fabricated by two different powder consolidation routes, extrusion and sintering/hot isostatic-pressing (HIPing), were made and tested over a wide range of strain rates (10(-4) to 10(4) s(-1)). The strength of these MMCs increases with increasing volume fraction of particulate reinforcement. Strain hardening is observed to increase with increasing volume fraction of reinforcement at lower strains (<5%), but tends to be insensitive to volume fraction at higher strains. The composites show significant strain rate dependence. The fabrication route affects the strength of the matrix material, as reflected in the microstructure, and this effect carries on into the corresponding composites. The composites made by the extrusion route show similar strain rate hardening for all volume fractions studied, while the composites produced via sintering/HIPing demonstrate increased strain rate hardening at the higher reinforcement volume fractions. Particle size effect is not significant for the particle size range (>5 mum) considered. Finally, the Li-Ramesh model captures the observed high-rate behavior exhibited by these powder-consolidated composites. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Direct, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM ramesh@jhu.edu NR 17 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 384 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.05.027 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 862KK UT WOS:000224489300004 ER PT J AU Hicks, RP Bhattacharjee, AK Koser, BW Traficante, DD AF Hicks, RP Bhattacharjee, AK Koser, BW Traficante, DD TI The anthrax protective antigen (PA(63)) bound conformation of a peptide inhibitor of the binding of lethal factor to PA(63): As determined by trNOESY NMR and molecular modeling SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OVERHAUSER EFFECT SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIZATION TRANSFER; TOXIN; KINASE; NOE; RELAXATION; BOTULINUM; PROTEINS; RECEPTOR; SYSTEMS AB Anthrax protective antigen (PA) is one of the three proteins produced by the gram positive bacteria Bacillus anthracis collectively known as the "anthrax toxin" (Ascenzi, P.; Visca, P.; Ippolito, G.; Spallarossa, A.; Bolognesi, M.; et al. Anthrax toxin: a tripartite lethal combination. FEBS Lett. 2002, 531, 384-388). The role played by PA in anthrax intoxication is to transport the two enzymes lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF) into the cell. Collier and co-workers (Mourez, M.; Kane, R. S.; Mogridge, J.; Metallo, S.; Deschatelets, P.; et al. Designing a polyvalent inhibitor of anthrax toxin. Nat. Biotechnol. 2001, 958). reported the isolation of two peptides via phage display that bind to the PA(63) heptamer and inhibit its interaction with LF and EF, and thereby prevent the transport of LF and EF into the cell. One of these peptides, His-Thr-Ser-Thr-Try-Trp-Trp-Leu-Asp-Gly-Ala-Pro (P1), was selected for structural investigation on the basis of its ability to prevent the binding of LF to the PA63 heptamer bundle. Two-dimensional trNOESY experiments coupled with NOE restrained simulated annealing calculations were used to determine the PA(63)-bound conformation of P1. On binding to PA(63), P1 adopts a helical conformation involving residues 3-9 while the C- and N-terminal residues exhibit dynamic fraying. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Naval Acad Preparatory Sch, Newport, RI USA. RP Hicks, RP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Rickey.Hicks@NA.AMEDD.ARMY.MlL NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 47 IS 22 BP 5347 EP 5355 DI 10.1021/jm040139a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 862MT UT WOS:000224495700004 PM 15481973 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, AK Geyer, JA Woodard, CL Kathcart, AK Nichols, DA Prigge, ST Li, ZY Mott, BT Waters, NC AF Bhattacharjee, AK Geyer, JA Woodard, CL Kathcart, AK Nichols, DA Prigge, ST Li, ZY Mott, BT Waters, NC TI A three-dimensional in silico pharmacophore model for inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum cyclin-dependent kinases and discovery of different classes of novel Pfmrk specific inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE; CHEMICAL INHIBITORS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CDK4 INHIBITORS; LIBRARY DESIGN; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; TARGETS AB The cell division cycle is regulated by a family of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) that are functionally conserved among many eukaryotic species. The characterization of plasmodial. CDKs has identified them as a leading antimalarial drug target in our laboratory. We have developed a three-dimensional QSAR pharmacophore model for inhibition of a Plasmodium falciparum CDK, known as Pfmrk, from a set of fifteen structurally diverse kinase inhibitors with a wide range of activity. The model was found to contain two hydrogen bond acceptor functions and two hydrophobic sites including one aromatic-ring hydrophobic site. Although the model was not developed from X-ray structural analysis of the known CDK2 structure, it is consistent with the structure-functional requirements for binding of the CDK inhibitors in the ATP binding pocket. Using the model as a template, a search of the in-house three-dimensional multiconformer database resulted in the discovery of sixteen potent Pfmrk inhibitors. The predicted inhibitory activities of some of these Pfmrk inhibitors from the molecular model agree exceptionally well with the experimental inhibitory values from the in vitro CDK assay. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Malaria Res Inst, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, AK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM apurba.bhattacharjee@na.amedd.army.mil; norman.waters@na.amedd.army.mil NR 37 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 47 IS 22 BP 5418 EP 5426 DI 10.1021/jm040108f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 862MT UT WOS:000224495700010 PM 15481979 ER PT J AU Guo, JX Hurley, MM Wright, JB Lushington, GH AF Guo, JX Hurley, MM Wright, JB Lushington, GH TI A docking score function for estimating ligand-protein interactions: Application to acetylcholinesterase inhibition SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-FIELD ANALYSIS; FLEXIBLE DOCKING; MOUSE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; 3D QSAR; BINDING; COMPLEXES; DESIGN; CHOLINESTERASES; SPECIFICITY; DERIVATIVES AB Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition is an important research topic because of its wide range of associated health implications. A receptor-specific scoring function was developed herein for predicting binding affinities for human AChE (huAChE) inhibitors. This method entails a statistically trained weighted sum of electrostatic and van der Waals (VDW) interactions between ligands and the receptor residues. Within the 53 ligand training set, a strong correlation was found (R-2 = 0.89) between computed and experimental inhibition constants. Leave-one-out cross-validation indicated high predictive power (Q(2) = 0.72), and analysis of a separate 16-compound test set also produced very good correlation with experiment (R-2 = 0.69). Scoring function analysis has permitted identification and characterization of important ligand-receptor interactions, producing a list of those residues making the most important electrostatic and VDW contributions within the main active site, gorge area, acyl binding pocket, and periferal site. These analyses are consistent with X-ray crystallographic and site-directed mutagenesis studies. C1 Univ Kansas, Mol Graphics & Modeling Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Lushington, GH (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Mol Graphics & Modeling Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM glushington@ku.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [5 P20 RR016475-03] NR 41 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 47 IS 22 BP 5492 EP 5500 DI 10.1021/jm049695v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 862MT UT WOS:000224495700017 PM 15481986 ER PT J AU Oguma, T Palmer, LJ Birben, E Sonna, LA Asano, K Lilly, CM AF Oguma, T Palmer, LJ Birben, E Sonna, LA Asano, K Lilly, CM TI Role of prostanoid DP receptor variants in susceptibility to asthma SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE SEARCH; POSITIONAL CLONING; GENE; LINKAGE; INFLAMMATION; ASSOCIATION; MARKERS; EOTAXIN; CELLS; LOCI AB BACKGROUND: Previous genetic studies have associated the region of the human genome (14q22.1) containing the gene for the prostanoid DP receptor (PTGDR) with asthma. A study of a mouse model suggests that the receptor is required for the expression of the asthma phenotype. Our associations of asthma with functional genetic variants of PTGDR link these observations. METHODS: We identified and evaluated combinations of genetic variants that influence PTGDR transcription for disease association in case-control studies of 518 white patients with asthma and 175 white controls and 80 black patients with asthma and 45 black controls. RESULTS: We identified four novel and two previously reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PTGDR and its vicinity. These define four common three-SNP haplotypes, which vary in their ability to support transcription of PTGDR and have distinct DNA-binding-protein affinity profiles. Individual PTGDR SNPs were significantly associated with asthma in both populations. Specific PTGDR haplotypes were significantly associated with a diagnosis of asthma in a large case-control study of whites (P=0.002); we confirmed these findings in a second population of blacks (P=0.01). Multivariate analysis of the haplotype combinations (diplotypes) demonstrated that both whites (odds ratio, 0.55; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.38 to 0.80; P=0.002) and blacks (odds ratio, 0.32; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.89; P=0.03) who had at least one copy of the haplotype with a low transcriptional efficiency had a lower risk of asthma than subjects with no copies of the haplotype. CONCLUSIONS: Our functional and genetic findings identify PTGDR as an asthma-susceptibility gene. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Combined Program Pulm & Crit Care Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Western Australian Inst Med Res, Perth, WA, Australia. Univ Western Australia, Med Res Ctr, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. USA, Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Keio Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Cardiopulm Div, Tokyo 160, Japan. RP Lilly, CM (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Combined Program Pulm & Crit Care Med, 75 Francis St,Thorn 826C, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM clilly@partners.org RI Palmer, Lyle/K-3196-2014 OI Palmer, Lyle/0000-0002-1628-3055 NR 33 TC 95 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 17 BP 1752 EP 1763 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa031785 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 863TH UT WOS:000224585200010 PM 15496624 ER PT J AU Hoge, CW Messer, SC Castro, CA AF Hoge, CW Messer, SC Castro, CA TI Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan and mental health problems - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID DISORDERS C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20410 USA. RP Hoge, CW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20410 USA. EM charles.hoge@na.amedd.army.mil NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 17 BP 1799 EP 1800 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 863TH UT WOS:000224585200026 ER PT J AU Cole, DM AF Cole, DM TI A dislocation-based model for creep recovery in ice SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID TENSILE-STRENGTH; CRACK NUCLEATION; SALINE ICE AB Creep recovery strain is significant in polycrystalline ice, and its stress dependence is strongly dependent on ice type and deformation history. Although it is generally recognized that creep recovery strain is largely attributable to dislocations, a dislocation-based model that rectifies the observed differences in two important ice types (freshwater and sea ice) has not previously emerged; and the development of such a model forms the goal of the present effort. The model considers basal dislocation distributions, employs a dislocation density stress relationship from previous work, and uses an empirical expression for the decrease in slip-line spacing with increasing stress. The dislocation processes are taken to operate over a subgrain-sized domain, and the strain associated with the relative motion of neighbouring domains is considered. The model accounts for dislocation multiplication and the decrease in slip-line spacing if the applied stress is sufficiently high. The model explains the observed differences in creep recovery strain for freshwater and sea ice and adequately reproduces both the stress dependence and the limiting value of the experimentally observed behaviour. It also reproduces the shift from nonlinear to linear behaviour that has been observed in prestrain experiments on freshwater and sea ice cores. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Cole, DM (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM David.M.Cole@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 30 BP 3217 EP 3234 DI 10.1080/14786430412331284496 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 867TV UT WOS:000224866300002 ER PT J AU Rubins, KH Hensley, LE Jahrling, PB Whitney, AR Geisbert, TW Huggins, JW Owen, A LeDuc, JW Brown, PO Relman, DA AF Rubins, KH Hensley, LE Jahrling, PB Whitney, AR Geisbert, TW Huggins, JW Owen, A LeDuc, JW Brown, PO Relman, DA TI The host response to smallpox: Analysis of the gene expression program in peripheral blood cells in a nonhuman primate model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CLASS-II EXPRESSION; VACCINIA VIRUS; IMMUNE EVASION; MESSENGER-RNA; VARIOLA-VIRUS; GROWTH-FACTOR; INTERFERON; GAMMA; POXVIRUSES; PROTEIN AB Smallpox has played an unparalleled role in human history and remains a significant potential threat to public health. Despite the historical significance of this disease, we know little about the underlying pathophysiology or the virulence mechanisms of the causative agent, variola virus. To improve our understanding of variola pathogenesis and variola-host interactions, we examined the molecular and cellular features of hemorrhagic smallpox in cynomolgus macaques. We used cDNA microarrays to analyze host gene expression patterns in sequential blood samples from each of 22 infected animals. Variola infection elicited striking and temporally coordinated patterns of gene expression in peripheral blood. Of particular interest were features that appear to represent an IFN response, cell proliferation, immunoglobulin gene expression, viral dose-dependent gene expression patterns, and viral modulation of the host immune response. The virtual absence of a tumor necrosis factor alpha/NF-kappaB-activated transcriptional program in the face of an overwhelming systemic infection suggests that variola gene products may ablate this response. These results provide a detailed picture of the host transcriptional response during smallpox infection, and may help guide the development of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic strategies. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Stat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Brown, PO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pbrown@pmgm2.stanford.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI54922, R01 AI054922] NR 36 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 42 BP 15190 EP 15195 DI 10.1073/pnas.0405759101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 865FT UT WOS:000224688700039 PM 15477590 ER PT J AU Jahrling, PB Hensley, LE Martinez, MJ LeDuc, JW Rubins, KH Relman, DA Huggins, JW AF Jahrling, PB Hensley, LE Martinez, MJ LeDuc, JW Rubins, KH Relman, DA Huggins, JW TI Exploring the potential of variola virus infection of cynomolgus macaques as a model for human smallpox SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENESIS; MANAGEMENT; MONKEYPOX; VACCINIA; EBOLA; MVA AB Smallpox virus (variola) poses a significant threat as an agent of bioterrorism. To mitigate this risk, antiviral drugs and an improved vaccine are urgently needed. Satisfactory demonstration of protective efficacy against authentic variola will require development of an animal model in which variola produces a disease course with features consistent with human smallpox. Toward this end, cynomolgus macaques were exposed to several variola strains through aerosol and/or i.v. routes. Two strains, Harper and India 7124, produced uniform acute lethality when inoculated i.v. in high doses (10(9) plaque-forming units). Lower doses resulted in less fulminant, systemic disease and lower mortality. Animals that died had profound leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and elevated serum creatinine levels. After inoculation, variola was disseminated by means of a monocytic cell-associated viremia. Distribution of viral antigens by immunohistochemistry correlated with the presence of replicating viral particles demonstrated by electron microscopy and pathology in the lymphoid tissues, skin, oral mucosa, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive system, and liver. These particles resembled those seen in human smallpox. High viral burdens in target tissues were associated with organ dysfunction and multisystem failure. Evidence of coagulation cascade activation (D dimers) corroborated histologic evidence of hemorrhagic diathesis. Depletion of T cell-dependent areas of lymphoid tissues occurred, probably as a consequence of bystander apoptotic mechanisms initiated by infected macrophages. Elaboration of cytokines, including IL-6 and IFN-gamma, contribute to a cytokine storm formerly known as "toxemia." A more precise understanding of disease pathogenesis should provide targets for therapeutic intervention, to be used alone or in combination with inhibitors of variola virus replication. C1 USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Headquarters, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Jahrling, PB (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Headquarters, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM peter.jahrling@us.army.mil FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI054922] NR 19 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 42 BP 15196 EP 15200 DI 10.1073/pnas.0405954101 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 865FT UT WOS:000224688700040 PM 15477589 ER PT J AU Walsh, DS Wilairatana, P Tang, DB Heppner, DG Brewer, TG Krudsood, S Silachamroon, U Phumratanaprapin, W Siriyanonda, D Looareesuwan, S AF Walsh, DS Wilairatana, P Tang, DB Heppner, DG Brewer, TG Krudsood, S Silachamroon, U Phumratanaprapin, W Siriyanonda, D Looareesuwan, S TI Randomized trial of 3-dose regimens of tafenoquine (WR238605) versus low-dose primaquine for preventing Plasmodium vivax malaria relapse SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLOROQUINE-RESISTANT STRAIN; WR 238605; PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIMALARIAL; BLOOD; FALCIPARUM; WR-238605; CYNOMOLGI; THAILAND; EFFICACY AB Background. Tafenoquine is an 8-aminoquinoline developed as a more effective replacement for primaquine. In a previous dose-ranging study in Thailand, 3 tafenoquine regimens with total doses ranging from 500 mg to 3000 mg prevented relapse of Plasmodium vivax malaria in most patients when administered 2 days after receipt of a blood schizonticidal dose of chloroquine. Methods. To improve convenience and to begin comparison of tafenoquine with primaquine, 80 patients with P. vivax infection were randomized to receive 1 of the following 5 treatments 1 day after receiving a blood schizonticidal dose of chloroquine: (A) tafenoquine, 300 mg per day for 7 days (n = 18); (B) tafenoquine, 600 n = 18 mg per day for 3 days (n = 19); (C) tafenoquine, 600 mg as a single dose (n = 18); (D) no further treatment (n = 13); or (E) primaquine base, 15 mg per day for 14 days (n = 12). The minimum duration of protocol follow-up was 8 weeks, with additional follow-up to 24 weeks. Results. Forty-six of 55 tafenoquine recipients, 10 of 13 recipients of chloroquine only, and 12 of 12 recipients of chloroquine plus primaquine completed at least 8 weeks of follow-up ( or had relapse). There was 1 relapse among recipients of chloroquine plus tafenoquine, 8 among recipients of chloroquine only, and 3 among recipients of chloroquine plus primaquine. The rate of protective efficacy ( determined on the basis of reduction in incidence density) for all recipients of chloroquine plus tafenoquine, compared with recipients of chloroquine plus primaquine, was 92.6% ( 95% confidence interval, 7.3% - 99.9%; P = 0.42, by Fisher's exact test). Conclusions. Tafenoquine doses as low as a single 600-mg dose may be useful for prevention of relapse of P. vivax malaria in Thailand. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Hosp Trop Dis, Bangkok, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biometr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Walsh, DS (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. EM douglas.walsh@se.amedd.army.mil NR 23 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1095 EP 1103 DI 10.1086/424508 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JF UT WOS:000227491700001 PM 15486831 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, JR Ghosh, U Millward, RN Bridges, TS Luthy, RG AF Zimmerman, JR Ghosh, U Millward, RN Bridges, TS Luthy, RG TI Addition of carbon sorbents to reduce PCB and PAH bioavailability in marine sediments: Physicochemical tests SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SOOT; CONTAMINANTS; MASSACHUSETTS; SPECIATION; SORPTION; KINETICS AB The addition of activated carbon as particulate sorbent to the biologically active layer of contaminated sediment is proposed as an in-situ treatment method to reduce the chemical and biological availability of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We report results from physicochemical experiments that assess this concept. PCB- and PAH-contaminated sediment from Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, San Francisco Bay, CA, was contacted with coke and activated carbon for periods of 1 and 6 months. Sediment treated with 3.4 wt % activated carbon showed 92% and 84% reductions in aqueous equilibrium PCB and PAH concentrations, 77% and 83% reductions in PCB and PAH uptake by semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD), respectively, and reductions in PCB flux to overlying water in quiescent systems up to 89%. Adding coke to contaminated sediment did not significantly decrease aqueous equilibrium PCB concentrations nor PCB or PAH availability in SPMD measurements. Coke decreased PAH aqueous equilibrium concentrations by 38-64% depending on coke dose and particle size. The greater effectiveness of activated carbon as compared to coke is attributed to its much greater specific surface area and a pore structure favorable for binding contaminants. The results from the physicochemical tests suggest that adding activated carbon to contaminated field sediment reduces HOC availability to the aqueous phase. The benefit is manifested relatively quickly under optimum contact conditions and improves in effectiveness with contact time from 1 to 6 months. Activated carbon application is a potentially attractive method for in-situ, nonremoval treatment of marine sediment contaminated with HOCs. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Luthy, RG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM luthy@stanford.edu NR 30 TC 182 Z9 191 U1 5 U2 80 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 20 BP 5458 EP 5464 DI 10.1021/es034992v PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862VO UT WOS:000224519500034 PM 15543751 ER PT J AU Walsh, DS Eamsila, C Sasiprapha, T Sangkharomya, S Khaewsathien, P Supakalin, P Tang, DB Jarasrumgsichol, P Cherdchu, C Edstein, MD Rieckmann, KH Brewer, TG AF Walsh, DS Eamsila, C Sasiprapha, T Sangkharomya, S Khaewsathien, P Supakalin, P Tang, DB Jarasrumgsichol, P Cherdchu, C Edstein, MD Rieckmann, KH Brewer, TG TI Efficacy of monthly tafenoquine for prophylaxis of Plasmodium vivax and multidrug-resistant P-falciparum malaria SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WR 238605; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; 8-AMINOQUINOLINE ANTIMALARIAL; WR-238605; PHARMACOKINETICS; PRIMAQUINE; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; CHLOROQUINE; MEFLOQUINE; THAILAND AB We assessed monthly doses of tafenoquine for preventing Plasmodium vivax and multidrug-resistant P. falciparum malaria. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 205 Thai soldiers received either a loading dose of tafenoquine 400 mg ( base) daily for 3 days, followed by single monthly 400-mg doses (n = 104), or placebo (n = 101), for up to 5 consecutive months. In volunteers completing follow-up (96 tafenoquine and 91 placebo recipients), there were 22 P. vivax, 8 P. falciparum, and 1 mixed infection. All infections except 1 P. vivax occurred in placebo recipients, giving tafenoquine a protective efficacy of 97% for all malaria (95% confidence interval [CI], 82%-99%), 96% for P. vivax malaria (95% CI, 76%-99%), and 100% for P. falciparum malaria ( 95% CI, 60%-100%). Monthly tafenoquine was safe, well tolerated, and highly effective in preventing P. vivax and multidrug-resistant P. falciparum malaria in Thai soldiers during 6 months of prophylaxis. C1 USA, Dept Immunol & Med, Med Component, Bangkok, Thailand. Royal Thai Army Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Royal Thai Army, Sch Med, Bangkok, Thailand. Saprasit Thi Prasong Thai Army Hosp, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Australian Army Malaria Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Walsh, DS (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. EM douglas.walsh@se.amedd.army.mil NR 30 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 8 BP 1456 EP 1463 DI 10.1086/424468 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 855JF UT WOS:000223968700012 PM 15378438 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Zhao, JH Alexandrov, P Burke, T AF Zhang, J Zhao, JH Alexandrov, P Burke, T TI Demonstration of first 9.2 kV 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistor SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OHMIC CONTACT AB The first demonstration is reported of a high-voltage (9.2 kV) 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistor (BJT) based on a 50 mum, 7 x 10(14) cm(-3) doped drift layer, achieving an emitter current density of 150 A/cm(2) at V-CEO = 5 V, suggesting a specific on-resistance (R-SP_ON) of 33 mOmega cm(2) without considering current spreading or 49 mOmega cm(2) if current spreading is considered. The result far exceeds the previous 4H-SiC BJT record of 3.2 kV with R-SP_ON = 78 MOmega cm(2). C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept ECE, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. United Silicon Carbide Inc, New Brunswick Tech Ctr, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Zhao, JH (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept ECE, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM jzhao@ece.rutgers.edu NR 11 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD OCT 14 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 21 BP 1381 EP 1383 DI 10.1049/el:20046223 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 864OS UT WOS:000224643400042 ER PT J AU Miller, SD David-Bajar, K AF Miller, SD David-Bajar, K TI A brilliant case of erythrasma SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Waccamaw Dermatol, Myrtle Beach, SC 29572 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Waccamaw Dermatol, Myrtle Beach, SC 29572 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 14 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 16 BP 1666 EP 1666 DI 10.1056/NEJMicm010811 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 861OU UT WOS:000224427300013 PM 15483285 ER PT J AU La Scala, JJ Sands, JM Orlicki, JA Robinette, EJ Palmese, GR AF La Scala, JJ Sands, JM Orlicki, JA Robinette, EJ Palmese, GR TI Fatty acid-based monomers as styrene replacements for liquid molding resins SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE fatty acid monomers; styrene replacements/altematives; vinyl esters ID CURE KINETICS; VINYL-ESTER; COPOLYMERIZATION; POLYMERS AB One method of reducing styrene emissions from vinyl ester (VE) and unsaturated polyester resins (UPE) is to replace some or all of the styrene with fatty acid-based monomers. Methacrylated fatty acid (MFA) monomers are ideal candidates because they are inexpensive, have low volatilities, and free-radically polymerize with vinyl ester. The viscosity of VE resins using these fatty acid monomers ranged from 7002000 cP, which is considerably higher than that of VE/styrene resins (similar to100 cP). In addition, the T-g of VE/MFA polymers were only on the order of 80 degreesC, which is significantly lower than that of VE/styrene polymers. Decreasing the length of the base fatty acid chains from 18 to 12 carbon atoms improved the T, by 20 degreesC, while lowing the resin viscosity from similar to2500 to similar to1000 cP. Residual unsaturation sites on the fatty acid backbone decreased the cure rate of the resins thereby decreasing polymer properties. Ternary blends of VE, styrene, and fatty acid monomers also effectively improved the flexural, fracture, and thermo-mechanical properties and reduced the resin viscosity to acceptable levels, while using less than 15 wt% styrene, far less than commercial VE resins. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USA, Res Labs, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Palmese, GR (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM palmese@cbis.ece.drexel.edu NR 30 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 22 BP 7729 EP 7737 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.08.056 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 862NO UT WOS:000224497900037 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of 1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8-tetrathiatetrazocine SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; 1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8-tetrathiatetrazocine ID TETRASULFUR TETRAIMIDE; HETEROCYCLES MINERAUX; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SULFUR-NITROGEN; SOUFRE CYCLIQUE; S4N4H4; DERIVATIVES; COMPLEXES; SPECTRA; TETRANITRIDE AB The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of 1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8-tetrathiatetrazocine are examined theoretically using the GAUSSIAN 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. Each of the vibrational modes was assigned to one of six types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (S-N stretch, N-H stretch, N-H bend, N-S-N bend, S-N-S bend, and ring torsion) utilizing the C-4v, symmetry of the molecule. Uniform scaling factors were derived for each type of motion. Predicted infrared and Raman intensities are reported. Three high-energy conformers of 1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8-tetrathiatetrazocine with C-s, D-2d, and C-2h symmetries are examined. The normal modes of 1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8-tetrathiatetrazocine-d(4) are also examined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,RT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,RT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM jim.jensen@us.army.mil NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 685 IS 1-3 BP 191 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.06.049 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 869TT UT WOS:000225007900020 ER PT J AU Prata, CAH Zhao, YX Barthelemy, P Li, YG Luo, D McIntosh, TJ Lee, SJ Grinstaff, MW AF Prata, CAH Zhao, YX Barthelemy, P Li, YG Luo, D McIntosh, TJ Lee, SJ Grinstaff, MW TI Charge-reversal amphiphlies for gene delivery SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PLASMID DNA; POLYAMIDOAMINE DENDRIMERS; PARALLEL SYNTHESIS; VECTORS; LIPOSOMES; COMPLEXES; MOLECULES; THERAPY; SYSTEMS; CELLS C1 Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Avignon, Dept Chim, F-84000 Avignon, France. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Grinstaff, MW (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM mgrin@bu.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM27278] NR 34 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 6 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 39 BP 12196 EP 12197 DI 10.1021/ja0474906 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 858VJ UT WOS:000224219900002 PM 15453715 ER PT J AU Bostic, E Sifer, N Bolton, C Ritter, U Dubois, T AF Bostic, E Sifer, N Bolton, C Ritter, U Dubois, T TI The US Army Foreign Comparative Test Fuel Cell Program SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE fuel cell; direct methanol fuel cell; soldier power; power energy AB The US Army RDECOM initiated a Foreign Comparative Test (FCT) Program to acquire lightweight, high-energy dense fuel cell systems from across the globe for evaluation as portable power sources in military applications. Five foreign companies, including NovArs, Smart Fuel Cell, Intelligent Energy, Ballard Power Systems, and Hydrogenics, Inc., were awarded competitive contracts under the RDECOM effort. This paper will report on the status of the program as well as the experimental results obtained from one of the units. The US Army has interests in evaluating and deploying a variety of fuel cell systems, where these systems show added value when compared to current power sources in use. For low-power applications, fuel cells utilizing high-energy dense fuels offer significant weight savings over current battery technologies. This helps reduce the load a solider must carry for longer missions. For high-power applications, the low operating signatures (acoustic and thermal) of fuel cell systems make them ideal power generators in stealth operations. Recent testing has been completed on the Smart Fuel Cell A25 system that was procured through the FCT program. The "A-25" is a direct methanol fuel cell hybrid and was evaluated as a potential candidate for soldier and sensor power applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Commun Elect RD&E Ctr, Fuel Cell Technol Team, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bostic, E (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect RD&E Ctr, Fuel Cell Technol Team, 10125 Gratiot Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM elizabeth.bostic@armypower.army.mil NR 0 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 137 IS 1 BP 76 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.05.049 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 859BA UT WOS:000224235700010 ER PT J AU Talbot, CA Ogden, FL Or, D AF Talbot, CA Ogden, FL Or, D TI Comment on "Layer averaged Richards' equation with lateral flow" by Praveen Kumar SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNSATURATED FLOW; POROUS FORMATION; TRANSPORT C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Talbot, CA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM cary.a.talbot@erdc.usace.army.mil; ogden@engr.uconn.edu; dani@engr.uconn.edu RI Or, Dani/D-8768-2012 OI Or, Dani/0000-0002-3236-2933 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1041 EP 1042 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.06.001 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 869XO UT WOS:000225018100008 ER PT J AU Eng, TY Boersma, MGK Fuller, CD Cavanaugh, SX Valenzuela, F Herman, TS AF Eng, TY Boersma, MGK Fuller, CD Cavanaugh, SX Valenzuela, F Herman, TS TI Treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 86th Annual Meeting and Scientific Session of the Radiology-Society-of-North-America CY NOV, 2000 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Radiol Soc N Amer DE Merkel cell carcinoma; neuroendocrine; surgery; radiation therapy; chemotherapy ID POSTOPERATIVE RADIATION-THERAPY; TRABECULAR CARCINOMA; NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA; SPONTANEOUS REGRESSION; LOCOREGIONAL CONTROL; NATURAL-HISTORY; SKIN; CHEMOTHERAPY; MANAGEMENT; TUMOR AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 85 cases of Merkel cell carcinoma. There were 68 males and 17 females. The majority of cases involved head and neck sites (48%), followed by the extremities (38%) and trunk (14%). Sixty-seven percent of the patients had stage I disease that was localized to the skin of origin at presentation. Twenty-five percent and 8% were stage II (nodal metastasis) and stage III (distant metastasis), respectively. Surgical intervention included local or wide local excision +/- nodal dissection (68%), radical resection +/- nodal dissection (22%), and amputation (4%). Five patients (6%) underwent biopsy only because of metastatic disease or unresectability at presentation. Fifty-one percent received adjuvant therapy consisting of external beam radiation therapy and/or combination chemotherapy. Results: With an average follow-up time of 39.5 months, 12% had persistent disease and 40% had recurrent disease. The median time to recurrence was 8 months with a mean of 10.6 months. Although the addition of adjuvant therapy did not affect survival, the recurrence rate was 32.5% for surgery +/- adjuvant radiation therapy chemotherapy as compared with 52.7% for surgery-only patients. Although the 40.7% recurrence rate for patients receiving surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy was approximately the same as for patients receiving surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (40%), the effect of systemic chemotherapy on recurrence is less clear as a result of the small number of patients who received such therapy. Although tumor size and site of presentation were not observed to be statistically significant in overall survival, significant differences were observed based on sex and tumor stage. For females, the median survival time was 96 months (mean, 94.5 months) compared with 63 months (mean, 76.8 months) for males. This difference was significant (P < 0.01). Patients presenting with low-stage (stage I) disease had a significant (P < 0.01) survival benefit when compared with high-stage individuals (stages II and III). The 5-year actuarial survival rates were 68% and 42%, respectively. C1 UTHSCSA, Dept Radiat Oncol, CTRC, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Radiat Oncol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Eng, TY (reprint author), UTHSCSA, Dept Radiat Oncol, CTRC, 7979 Wurzbach Rd, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM tyeng@pol.net OI Fuller, Clifton/0000-0002-5264-3994 NR 46 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3732 J9 AM J CLIN ONCOL-CANC JI Am. J. Clin. Oncol.-Cancer Clin. Trials PD OCT PY 2004 VL 27 IS 5 BP 510 EP 515 DI 10.1097/01.coc.0000135567.62750.f4 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 860JC UT WOS:000224337500017 PM 15596922 ER PT J AU Arness, MK Eckart, RE Love, SS Atwood, JE Wells, TS Engler, RJM Collins, LC Ludwig, SL Riddle, JR Grabenstein, JD Tornberg, DN AF Arness, MK Eckart, RE Love, SS Atwood, JE Wells, TS Engler, RJM Collins, LC Ludwig, SL Riddle, JR Grabenstein, JD Tornberg, DN CA Dept Def Smallpox Vaccination Clin TI Myopericarditis following smallpox vaccination SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE military personnel; myocarditis; pericarditis; smallpox; vaccination; vaccinia virus ID ACUTE INFECTIOUS MYOCARDITIS; UNITED STATES 1963; COMPLICATIONS; PERICARDITIS; SURVEILLANCE; EXPERIENCE AB Myopericarditis has been a rare or unrecognized event after smallpox vaccinations with the New York City Board of Health strain of vaccinia virus (Dryvax; Wyeth Laboratories, Marietta, Pennsylvania). In this article, the authors report an attributable incidence of at least 140 clinical cases of myopericarditis per million primary smallpox vaccinations with this strain of vaccinia virus. Fifty-eight males and one female aged 21-43 years with confirmed or probable acute myopericarditis were detected following vaccination of 492,730 US Armed Forces personnel from December 15, 2002, through September 30, 2003. The cases were identified through sentinel reporting to military headquarters, active surveillance using the Defense Medical Surveillance System, or reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. The observed incidence (16.11/100,000) of myopericarditis over a 30-day observation window among 347,516 primary vaccinees was nearly 7.5-fold higher than the expected rate of 2.16/100,000 (95% confidence interval: 1.90, 2.34) among nonvaccinated, active-duty military personnel, while the incidence of 2.07/100,000 among 145,155 revaccinees was not statistically different from the expected background rate. The cases were predominantly male (58/59; 98.3%) and White (51/59; 86.4%), both statistically significant associations (p = 0.0147 and p = 0.05, respectively). C1 USAF, Res Labs, HEP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Army Med Surveillance Act, Washington, DC USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Reg Vaccine Healthcare Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vaccine Healthcare Ctr Network, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. US Coast Guard Hlth & Safety Directorate, Washington, DC USA. USA, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Med Command, Falls Church, VA USA. Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Riddle, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, HEP, 2729 R St,Bldg 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM James.Riddle@wpafb.af.mil NR 44 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 7 BP 642 EP 651 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh269 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 856ZB UT WOS:000224083700005 PM 15383408 ER PT J AU Frizzell, ER Kilbourne, MJ Johnston, MH AF Frizzell, ER Kilbourne, MJ Johnston, MH TI Interstitial lung disease with eosinophilia as a presentation of gastric adenocarcinoma: A case report SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroentrology CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Gastroentrol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 99 IS 10 SU S MA 380 BP S123 EP S123 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 862GW UT WOS:000224479700375 ER PT J AU Happe, MR Mukhtar, N Maydonovitch, CL Mulhall, BP AF Happe, MR Mukhtar, N Maydonovitch, CL Mulhall, BP TI The frequency and outcomes of fecal occult blood testing after colonoscopy in patients with adenomatous polyps SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroentrology CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Gastroentrol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 99 IS 10 SU S MA 985 BP S324 EP S324 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 862GW UT WOS:000224479700979 ER PT J AU Heppner, DS Jones, DP AF Heppner, DS Jones, DP TI Liver transplant an uncommon cause of esophageal varices SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroentrology CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Gastroentrol C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 99 IS 10 SU S MA 250 BP S81 EP S82 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 862GW UT WOS:000224479700248 ER EF