FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Booth, JP Milton, RW Kirkham, MW AF Booth, JP Milton, RW Kirkham, MW GP ieee TI Method of using thin metallic foils to minimize thermal transients and photoelectric effects in pressure measurements SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB This paper will discuss the development of a method to reduce the transient effects on piezoelecttic pressure transducers used in the measurement of blast overpressure produced by non-conventional explosives. This method was developed during testing of high-energy and non-conventional explosives at the Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) on the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama. There are two major contributors that negatively affect the quality of data gathered in the measurement of blast overpressures using piezoelectric pressure transducers. These undesirable effects are thermal and photoelectric transients generated in the explosive blast. These transients were found to obscure the data generated by causing a non-positive amplitude shift in the pressure-time curves when trying to measure the performance of non-conventional explosives. This paper will explore the phenomenon in detail, utilizing graphical data derived from laboratory experiments to explain the problem and to illustrate how the use of this method may improve blast measurements C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Booth, JP (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 2580 EP 2585 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000262 ER PT S AU McFalls, M White, D AF McFalls, M White, D GP ieee TI Lead the fleet: A structured approach to predicting helicopter failures SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB Lead the Fleet (LTF) provides the U.S. Army with an opportunity to capture aircraft usage information that can be correlated with anomalies and failures to establish meaningful usage-related safety and logistical trends. As a m minimum, LTF monitors and records the amount of time each airframe and each dynamic component is exposed to damaging flight regimes and evaluates the resultant accumulated damage. The basic parameters required to identify these flight regimes include gross weight, airspeed, altitude, roll angle, vertical acceleration, and ground-air-ground cycles. This paper reports the approach being implemented to relate helicopter system failures and maintenance actions to the actual operational usage history. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP McFalls, M (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 3571 EP 3580 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000363 ER PT S AU Keeney, LM Rhoads, R AF Keeney, LM Rhoads, R GP ieee TI Embedded diagnostics and prognostics synchronization for army transformation SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB The Army Deputy Chief of Staff, Logistics (DCS, G-4) tasked the U.S. Army Logistics Transformation Agency (USALTA)-as the Army's integrator of logistics processes-to develop an overarching synchronization approach for current and future embedded diagnostics and prognostics (ED/EP) initiatives, to identify gaps and redundancies, and to redesign business processes from the platform through the retail and into the wholesale system. The Embedded Diagnostics and Prognostics Synchronization (EDAPS) effort is occurring concurrently with the ongoing fielding of the initial Stryker Brigade Combat Teams and the development of the Future Combat System for the future force. As part of the EDAPS effort, LTA established a Stryker Brigade Combat Team (BCT) Proof of Enablers Demonstration to integrate and test the key enablers required to initiate implementation of the Common Logistics Operating Environment (CLOE). This paper describes the vision and implementing actions for an ED/EP-enabled Common Logistics Operating Environment. C1 USA, Common Logist Operating Environm, Logist Transformat Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Keeney, LM (reprint author), USA, Common Logist Operating Environm, Logist Transformat Agcy, 5870 21st St,Bldg 212, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 3733 EP 3741 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000378 ER PT B AU Misra, S Swami, A Tong, L AF Misra, S Swami, A Tong, L GP IEEE TI Optimal training over the Gauss-Markov fading channel: A cutoff rate analysis SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL III, PROCEEDINGS: IMAGE AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING SPECIAL SESSIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE AB We consider the problem of optimal allocation of resources between training and data for transmission over a Gauss-Markov fading channel. Inaccurate channel state information (CSI) is available at the receiver through periodic training. There is no feedback so that CSI is not available at the transmitter. We study MMSE estimators that predict the current channel state based on: all past pilot observations, only the most recent pilot observation, and the most recent and next in the future pilot observations. We analyze the optimal training energy and periodicity for each of these estimators. We show that optimizing the energy and periodicity of training results in significant energy savings over a sensible, but unoptimized, approach, particularly for rapidly varying channels. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Misra, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2004 BP 809 EP 812 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BAH05 UT WOS:000222177700203 ER PT B AU Rosario, DS AF Rosario, DS GP IEEE TI Highly effective logistic regression model for signal (anomaly) detection SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL V, PROCEEDINGS: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY TRACKS MACHINE LEARNING FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING MULTIMEDIA SIGNAL PROCESSING SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE AB High signal to noise separation has been a long standing goal in the signal detection community. High in the sense of being able to separate orders of magnitude a signal(s) of interest from its surrounding noise, in order to yield a high signal detection probability at a near zero false-alarm rate. In this paper, I propose to use some of the advances made on the theory of logistic regression models to achieve just that. I discuss a logistic regression model-relatively unknown in our community-based on case-control data, also its maximum likelihood method and asymptotic behavior. An anomaly detector is designed based on the model's asymptotic behavior and its performance is compared to performances of alternative anomaly detectors commonly used with hyperspectral data. The comparison clearly shows the proposed detector's superiority over the others. The overall approach should be of interest to the entire signal processing community. C1 USA, Res Lab, Signal & Image Proc Div, Adelphi, MD 20874 USA. RP Rosario, DS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Signal & Image Proc Div, Adelphi, MD 20874 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2004 BP 817 EP 820 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BAH10 UT WOS:000222179700205 ER PT S AU Cushing, JM Allen, S Guerlain, S AF Cushing, JM Allen, S Guerlain, S GP IEEE TI Measuring the effectiveness of an overview display for the mission to launch platform assignment process essential to the Tomahawk Strike Coordinator SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL The Hague, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE DE planning; cognitive systems engineering; human-computer interaction AB This paper describes a computerized decision tool that supports Tomahawk Strike Coordinators in the complex process of allocating missions to launch platforms. The research followed a Human-Centered Systems Design Process. The first phase involved a domain analysis of the Tomahawk weapon system, and the platform assignment process used by Tomahawk Strike Coordinators in the U.S. Navy today. The next phase was an iterative process of prototype development resulting in a decision tool that utilizes a high-level overview display, a graphic representation of platform characteristics, and an assignment tool. In the final phase, thirty two undergraduate students were trained and tested on one of two versions of the protoope (with or without an overview display). The results support the hypotheses that those subjects utilizing the high-level overview display make assignments faster and rate their situation awareness higher during the assignment process than those without the overview display. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY USA. RP Cushing, JM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-8566-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2004 BP 1533 EP 1537 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BBP32 UT WOS:000226863300261 ER PT S AU Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM AF Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM GP ieee TI Kernel-based subpixel target detection in hyperspectral images SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP IEEE, IEEE Neural Networks Soc, Hungarian Acad Sci, Comp & Automat Res Inst, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Republic Hungary, Natl Commun & Informat Council ID ALGORITHMS AB In this paper we present a nonlinear realization of a signal detection approach that uses the generalized likelihood ratio tests (GLRTs). It is based on converting the linear mixture subspace model, so called matched subspace detector (MSD) into its corresponding nonlinear subspace model. The linear model for the GLRT of MSD is first extended to a high dimensional feature space (equivalent to a non-linear space in the input domain) and then the corresponding nonlinear GLRT expression is obtained. In order to address the intractability of the GLRT in the feature space we kernelize the nonlinear GLRT using kernel eigenvector representations as well as the kernel trick where dot products in the feature space are implicitly computed by kernels. The proposed kernel-based nonlinear detector, so called kernel matched subspace detector (KMSD), is applied to a given hyperspectral imagery - HYDICE (HYperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment) images - to detect targets of interest. KMSD showed superior detection performance over MSD for the HYDICE images tested in this paper. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kwon, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1098-7576 BN 0-7803-8359-1 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2004 BP 717 EP 721 DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2004.1380005 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BBC97 UT WOS:000224941900125 ER PT B AU Misra, S Swami, A Tong, L AF Misra, S Swami, A Tong, L GP IEEE TI Temporally correlated flat-fading channels with imperfect receiver CSI: A cutoff rate analysis SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, IEEE Informat Theory Soc, Motorola Labs, Qualcomm, Broadcom, IBM Res, Texas Instruments, Microsoft, DARPA, NSF, ONR, Dept Navy Sci & Technol, Flarion, Caltech, Lee Ctr Adv Network C1 Army Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Misra, S (reprint author), Army Res Labs, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8280-3 PY 2004 BP 316 EP 316 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAQ48 UT WOS:000223202600316 ER PT S AU von der Lippe, CM Liu, JJ Keeler, GA Serkland, DK Geib, KM Peake, GM Mar, A AF von der Lippe, CM Liu, JJ Keeler, GA Serkland, DK Geib, KM Peake, GM Mar, A GP ieee TI Photonics technology development for optical fuzing SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSRD AAR AEP FA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP von der Lippe, CM (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSRD AAR AEP FA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 264 EP 265 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900131 ER PT S AU Pham, T Scherber, DS Papadopoulos, HC AF Pham, T Scherber, DS Papadopoulos, HC GP IEEE TI Distributed source localization algorithms for acoustic ad-hoc sensor networks SO 2004 IEEE SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper, we develop and evaluate distributed implementations of source localization estimators from energy-based measurements obtained via an ad-hoc network of acoustic sensors. The distributed locally constructed algorithms that we present produce at each node a sequence of esLimates approximating a desired source localization algorithm. As our investigation reveals, the localization performance of these distributed algorithms depends on the type of desired localization algorithm, the network topology and the number of communication and fusion steps employed in these approximations. C1 USA, Res Lab, Acoust Signal Proc Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pham, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Acoust Signal Proc Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 0-7803-8545-4 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2004 BP 613 EP 617 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BCR32 UT WOS:000230899800122 ER PT B AU Maliszewski, JB Range, JA Vaughn, TL Millien, D Kwinn, BT AF Maliszewski, JB Range, JA Vaughn, TL Millien, D Kwinn, BT BE Jones, MH Patek, SD Tawney, BE TI Redesign of the west point logistics warehouse support system SO 2004 IEEE SYSTEMS & INFORMATION ENGINEERING DESIGN SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium CY APR 16, 2004 CL Charlottesville, VA SP IEEE AB The result of the Most Efficient Organization (MEO) contract awarded in September 2002 was a reduction in personnel strength and the consolidation of operating functions for the Directorate of Logistics (DOL) at the United States Military Academy (USMA). The purpose of our research is to analyze the USMA warehouse operations that support West Point and other local military installations and units. Our research includes an analysis of the current warehouse system, demand for services, and resource allocation. We developed a value model, evaluation measures and a discrete event model to analyze several alternatives. Our results will be used by the client to improve the efficiency and productivity of the downsized organization. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Maliszewski, JB (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT SYSTEMS & INFORMATION ENGINEERING PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA 151 ENINEERS WAY, PO BOX 400747, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22904-4747 USA BN 0-9744559-2-X PY 2004 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Transportation GA BAK77 UT WOS:000222652000023 ER PT B AU Croisant, WJ McInerney, MK Feickert, CA Nielsen, PH AF Croisant, WJ McInerney, MK Feickert, CA Nielsen, PH GP ieee TI An experimental investigation of the nonlinear transient electric field response induced in thin-walled cylindrical ferromagnetic shields by short-duration surface current pulses SO 2004 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, SYMPOSIUM RECORD 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC 2004) CY AUG 09-13, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP IEEE, EMC Soc, Rohde & Schwarz, AR Worldwide, Compliance Certificat Serv, ETS Lindgren, Murata Elect N A Inc, Sunol Sci, DLS Elect Syst Inc, Int Certificat Serv, Opt Filter, X-EMI DE ferromagnetic; shield; nonlinear current; transient; pulse; impulse; electromagnetic pulse; EMP; electrostatic discharge; ESD; lightning AB This paper presents results of an experimental investigation of the transient electric field induced at the interior surface of long, thin-walled, cylindrical, electrically-conductive ferromagnetic shields by axially-directed, unipolar, short-duration current pulses along the exterior surface. For applied pulses having a duration that was sufficiently short compared to the shield response, the transient electric field responses approached a result that depended on the total charge transported along the surface of the cylinder during the applied current pulse but was essentially independent of the particular time variation of the applied pulses. For practical purposes, such pulses can be regarded as impulses, and the resultant electric field response can be regarded as an impulse response for that charge level. Experimental results for a wide range of injected charge levels on a mildly ferromagnetic specimen are presented. Unlike the impulse response for the linear problem with a constant permeability, the impulse response exhibits nonlinear variation with applied charge level. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Croisant, WJ (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8443-1 PY 2004 BP 533 EP 538 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BAU54 UT WOS:000223620100108 ER PT B AU Letherwood, MD Gunter, DD Gorsich, DJ Mabesa, J AF Letherwood, MD Gunter, DD Gorsich, DJ Mabesa, J BE Marin, J Koncar, V TI Spatial multibody modeling and vehicle dynamics analysis of a future military truck system concept SO 2nd International Industrial Simulation Conference 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Industrial Simulation Conference CY JUN 07-09, 2004 CL Univ Malaga, Malaga, SPAIN SP European Simulat Soc, Ghent Univ, Dept Elect, Univ Malaga, ENSAIT, AEKI, UPV, DEA HO Univ Malaga AB The US Army vision, announced in October of 1999, encompasses people, readiness, and transformation. The goal of the Army vision is to transition the entire Army into a force that is strategically responsive and dominant at every point of the spectrum of operations. The transformation component will be accomplished in three ways: the Objective Force, the Legacy (current) Force, and the Interim Force. The objective force is not platform driven, but rather the focus is on achieving capabilities that will operate as a "System of systems." As part of the Objective Force, the US Army plans to begin production of the Future Combat System (FCS) in FY08 and field the first unit by FY10 as currently defined in the FCS solicitation((1)). As part of the FCS program, the Future Tactical Truck System (FTTS) encompasses all US Army tactical wheeled vehicles and its initial efforts will focus only on the heavy class. The National Automotive Center (NAC) is using modeling and simulation to demonstrate the feasibility and operational potential of advanced commercial and military technologies with application to new and existing tactical vehicles and to describe potential future vehicle capabilities. This document presents the results of a computer-based, vehicle dynamics performance assessment of an FTTS concept with such features as a variable height, hydraulic, trailing arm suspension, skid steering, and in-hub electric drive motors. A fully three-dimensional FTTS model was created using a commercially available modeling and simulation methodology and limited validation studies were performed by comparing model predictions with baseline, validated model predictions from another vehicle in the same size and class as the FTTS concept vehicle. The model was considered accurate enough to predict various aspects of ride quality and stability performance, critical to US Army Objective Force mission needs. One-to-one comparisons of the FTTS and a standard, solid-axle, Heavy Tactical Vehicle (HTV) operating in various terrain and obstacle negotiation conditions were performed. The objective of this paper and presentation will be to describe how M&S is being applied to answer a wide variety of design and performance evaluation questions and will depict a series of simulation-based engineering projects that build on the Army's simulation investments as a tool to investigate and answer real-world vehicle design, acquisition, and engineering support questions. Due to much increased HPC computational speeds, memory, and asset availability, entire spectrums of operational mission scenarios are investigated and simulations conducted over a wide range of vehicle speeds and operating conditions. Recent major upgrades in HPC facilities now allow the highly detailed, computationally intensive models to be run in a fraction of the time, and, more importantly, many more 'what if studies are being performed. Using HPC-based vehicle performance modeling & simulation in support of acquisition allows the Army to evaluate the performance of numerous proposed vehicle system configurations analytically, thereby saving time and costs associated with building and testing actual prototypes. The NAC's M&S efforts using HPC is constantly striving to make the Army a smarter and more cost-effective buyer of equipment, and more importantly, significantly reducing the associated risks that are inherent in procuring newly designed, untested equipment. C1 USA, Natl Automot Ctr, Dev & Engn Command, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Letherwood, MD (reprint author), USA, Natl Automot Ctr, Dev & Engn Command, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROSIS PI GHENT PA GHENT UNIV, COUPURE LINKS 653, GHENT, B-9000, BELGIUM BN 90-77381-12-0 PY 2004 BP 139 EP 146 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCN30 UT WOS:000230139900024 ER PT B AU Gupta, N AF Gupta, N GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Fused spectropolarimetric visible near-IR imaging SO 32ND APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 15-17, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Comp Soc, TC Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence ID IMAGER AB We report on the development and characterization of a compact, lightweight, robust, and field-portable spectropolarimetric imaging system at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (APL). It operates in the 400 to 900 nm region with a passband of 10 nm at 600 nm. This automated imager is designed using a tellurium dioxide (TeO2) acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as an agile spectral selection element and a commercial nematic liquid-crystal variable retardation (LCVR) plate as a tunable polarization selection device with an off-the-shelf uncooled charge coupled device (CCD) camera and optics. Image acquisition with both spectral and polarization features facilitates significant improvement in tat-get detection. Here we will describe the design concept and our program, with a detailed description of the VNIR imager, and present images obtained from it and the analysis of the results. C1 USA, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2029-4 PY 2004 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAA60 UT WOS:000221356000004 ER PT B AU Peck, L Trachier, G AF Peck, L Trachier, G BE Sanson, LD TI Security technology decision tree tool SO 38TH ANNUAL 2004 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 11-14, 2004 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ Taiwan AB The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center has developed a decision tree tool. to help users implement security measures based on intrusion detection and automated video surveillance technology. The Security Technology Decision Tree Tool (STDTT) is a computer application that leads the user through specification of security objectives, identification of constraints attributable to non-interference with mission, and consideration of possible security scenarios, with guidance in equipment selection as the outcome. Even if contractors perform the actual security design and implementation, STDTT will prepare in-house personnel to effectively assess whether proposed security designs are compatible with local activity, with personnel resources for assessment, response, and maintenance, and with year-round weather and terrain conditions. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8506-3 PY 2004 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1109/CCST.2004.1405375 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBD92 UT WOS:000225072100012 ER PT B AU Butler, CD Richards, DR Holland, JP Wallace, RM AF Butler, CD Richards, DR Holland, JP Wallace, RM BE Callaos, N Horimoto, K Chen, J Chan, AKS TI An informatics approach to civil and environmental engineering analysis SO 8TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL VII, PROCEEDINGS: APPLICATIONS OF INFORMATICS AND CYBERNETICS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, Amer Soc Cybernet, Acad Non Linear Sci, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Telemat Engn Dept, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, CUST, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engn Sci Inst, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Syst Inst, Int Soc Syst Sci, Italian Soc System, Univ Nacl San Luis, Lab Res Computac Intelligence, Dept Informat, Polish Syst Soc, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Soc Appl Syst Res, Syst Soc Poland, Ctr Syst Studies, Tunisian Sci Soc, World Org System & Cybernet, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, IEEE, Venezuela Chapter, Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci DE civil engineering; environmental engineering; informatics AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for managing the waterways of the United States. This requires balancing such competing interests as navigation, flood control, water supply, hydropower, environmental quality, and recreation. Managing these waterways involves performing analyses over large temporal and spatial scales. This process requires the use of large databases, mechanistic computational models, efficient graphical user environments, and operating over a mixture of computational resources (PCs, workstations, and high performance computers). The process also involves the use of high-fidelity computational models that couple physical, chemical, and biological processes. In some cases, analytical, index-based, or simplified computational tools are appropriate when design level accuracy is not required. Given the varying levels of Analysis required, it is important that the science and engineering capabilities are packaged in a way whereby data are easily accessible, model development from that data is straightforward, and the results of the models can be provided to decision makers who must perform alternative analyses. This paper describes an informatics model that is used to build decision support capabilities based on an array of science and engineering tools, models, and data. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Butler, CD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-13-2 PY 2004 BP 224 EP 229 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BBT31 UT WOS:000227682900042 ER PT B AU Rewerts, C Goran, W Sydelko, P AF Rewerts, C Goran, W Sydelko, P BE Callaos, N Horimoto, K Chen, J Chan, AKS TI Ecosystem knowledge mapping to support management of military lands SO 8TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL VII, PROCEEDINGS: APPLICATIONS OF INFORMATICS AND CYBERNETICS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, Amer Soc Cybernet, Acad Non Linear Sci, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Telemat Engn Dept, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, CUST, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engn Sci Inst, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Syst Inst, Int Soc Syst Sci, Italian Soc System, Univ Nacl San Luis, Lab Res Computac Intelligence, Dept Informat, Polish Syst Soc, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Soc Appl Syst Res, Syst Soc Poland, Ctr Syst Studies, Tunisian Sci Soc, World Org System & Cybernet, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, IEEE, Venezuela Chapter, Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci DE Ecosystem Knowledge Mapping; visualization; natural resource management AB Continuing advances in information technology is providing opportunities to extend our understanding of ecosystem dynamics, human influence, and management impacts across multiple temporal and spatial scales. In this paper we discuss our approach to structuring a system for ecosystem knowledge mapping, and report our progress in this effort thus far. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-13-2 PY 2004 BP 305 EP 310 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BBT31 UT WOS:000227682900059 ER PT S AU Wilson, G Graves, BR Patterson, SP Wank, RH AF Wilson, G Graves, BR Patterson, SP Wank, RH BE Wood, GL Pellegrino, JM TI Deuterium fluoride laser technology and demonstrators SO A CRITICAL REVIEW: LASER TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technologies for Defense and Security - A Critical Review CY APR 12, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE deuterium fluoride laser; DF laser; tactical high energy laser; THEL ID CHEMICAL LASER AB Deuterium fluoride (DF) lasers have been under development since about 1970. Their intrinsic ability to store high levels of energy internally plus their ability to quickly dispose of waste heat by the convective flow of exhaust gases make this type of laser attractive to the Army for producing high power levels for an air and missile defense weapon system. This paper reviews the basic principles of a DF laser, the chemistry and spectroscopy associated with producing an excited DF lasing molecule, and the generation of a high power laser beam. This paper also reviews the development history of DF lasers and early lethality demonstrations. This includes a detailed discussion of the Army's recent Tactical High Energy Laser (THEL) Demonstrator, its architecture and successes during engagements of in-flight rockets and artillery projectiles. The Army is moving forward in developing a new generation, high power DF laser weapon system, the Mobile Tactical High Energy Laser (MTHEL). This system will provide our soldiers protection in the future against a variety of airborne threats. C1 USA, Missile Command, Space & Missile Def Tech Ctr, Direct Energy Div, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Wilson, G (reprint author), USA, Missile Command, Space & Missile Def Tech Ctr, Direct Energy Div, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5337-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5414 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.554470 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBA01 UT WOS:000224340600003 ER PT S AU Wood, GL Merkle, LD Dubinskii, M Zandi, B AF Wood, GL Merkle, LD Dubinskii, M Zandi, B BE Wood, GL Pellegrino, JM TI Path toward a high energy solid-state laser SO A CRITICAL REVIEW: LASER TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technologies for Defense and Security - A Critical Review CY APR 12, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID BROADENED-WAVE-GUIDE; HIGH-OUTPUT POWER; DIODE-LASERS; YB-YAG; CERAMIC LASER; AMPLIFIERS; EFFICIENCY; OPERATION; CRYSTAL; FIBERS AB Lasers have come a long way since the first demonstration by Maiman of a ruby crystal laser in 1960. Lasers are used as scientific tools as well as for a wide variety of applications for both commercial industry and the military. Today lasers come in all types, shapes and sizes depending on their application. The solid-state laser has some distinct advantages in that it can be rugged, compact, and self contained, making it reliable over long periods of time. With the advent of diode laser pumping a ten times increase in overall laser efficiency has been realized. This significant event, and others, is changing the way solid-state lasers are applied and allows new possibilities. One of those new areas of exploration is the high energy laser. Solid-state lasers for welding are already developed and yield energies in the 0.5 to 6 kilojoule range. These lasers are at the forefront of what is possible in terms of high energy solid-state lasers. It is possible to achieve energies of greater than 100 kJ. These sorts of energies would allow applications, in addition to welding, such as directed energy weapons, extremely remote sensing, power transfer, propulsion, biological and chemical agent neutralization and unexploded and mine neutralization. This article will review these new advances in solid-state lasers and the different paths toward achieving a high energy laser. The advantages and challenges of each approach will be highlighted. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wood, GL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5337-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5414 BP 69 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.554439 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBA01 UT WOS:000224340600005 ER PT J AU De Lorenzo, RA Abbott, CA AF De Lorenzo, RA Abbott, CA TI Effectiveness of an adult-learning, self-directed model compared with traditional lecture-based teaching methods in out-of-hospital training SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Academic-Medicine CY MAY, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Acad Med DE adult learning; teaching; military medic training; cognitive evaluation ID PSYCHOMOTOR-SKILLS; CARE; STUDENTS; PERFORMANCE AB Until recently, the U.S. Army Combat Medic School used a traditional teaching model with heavy emphasis on large group lectures. Skills were taught separately with minimal links to didactics. Objectives: To evaluate whether the adult learning model improves student learning in terms of cognitive performance and perception of proficiency in military medic training. Methods: The study population was two sequential groups of randomly selected junior, enlisted, active duty soldiers with no prior formal emergency medical training who were enrolled in an experimental model of a U.S. Army Combat Medic School. The control population was a similar group of students enrolled in the traditional curriculum. Instructors were drawn from the same pool, with experimental group instructors receiving two weeks of training in adult-learning strategies. The study population was enrolled in the experimental program that emphasized the principles of adult learning, including small-group interactive approach, self-directed study, multimedia didactics, and intensive integrated practice of psychomotor skills. Instructors and students were also surveyed at the end of the course as to their confidence in performing four critical skills. The survey instrument used a five-point scale ranging from "strongly disagree" through "undecided" to "strongly agree." Proficiency for this survey was defined as the sum of the top two ratings of "agree" or "strongly agree" to questions regarding the particular skill. Both experimental and control programs lasted ten weeks and covered the same academic content and nonacademic (e.g., physical fitness) requirements, and the two groups of students had similar duty days. Evaluations included performance on internal and National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) written examinations and other measures of academic and nonacademic performance. Results: One hundred fifty students (experimental n = 81, control n = 69) were enrolled in 1999-2000. The scores for internal course grade, NREMT written score, and NREMT written pass rate were, respectively, 86.3, 71.6, and 63% for the experimental group; and 85.8, 69.6, and 49% for the control group. The p-value was less than or equal to 0.05 for the comparison between internal course grade and NREMT written score, but p > 0.05 for the comparison between NREMT written pass rates. Students in both the adult-learning and traditional groups rated themselves high in proficiency, whereas instructors in the traditional group were generally much more modest in their rating of student proficiency than instructors of the adult-learning program. Conclusions: In this study setting, an adult-learning model offers only a modest improvement in cognitive evaluation scores over traditional teaching when measured at the end of the course. Additionally, students in the traditional teaching model assess themselves as proficient more frequently than instructors, whereas instructor and student perception of proficiency more closely matched in the adult-learning model. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Nursing, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP De Lorenzo, RA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM robert.deLorenzo@amedd.army.mil NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 11 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1197/S1069-6563(03)00582-7 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 760VQ UT WOS:000187856300005 PM 14709426 ER PT J AU Cimmperman, P Stankevic, V Zurauskiene, N Balevicius, S Anisimovas, F Parseliunas, J Kiprijanovic, O Altgilbers, LL AF Cimmperman, P Stankevic, V Zurauskiene, N Balevicius, S Anisimovas, F Parseliunas, J Kiprijanovic, O Altgilbers, LL TI Electroresistance of La-Ca-MnO thin films SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Colossal Magnetoresistance CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, European MAt Res Soc, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Phys ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; MANGANITES AB Epitaxial, textured, and polycrystalline La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 films, having about 150 nm thickness, were prepared by pulsed laser deposition techniques onto (110) NdGaO3, MgO and lucalox substrates and investigated using 10 ns duration, 0.5 ns rise time electrical pulses having amplitude up to 500 V. Electroresistance of the films [R(E)-R(0)]/R(0) was investigated up to 80 kV/cm electric held strengths in temperatures ranging from 300 K to 4.2 K. Strong (up to 93%) negative electroresistance was obtained in polycrystalline La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 films prepared on MgO and lucalox substrates. The epitaxial films grown on NdGaO3 substrate demonstrated only a small resistance change due to Joule heating induced by a current pulse. It was concluded that electroresistance manifests itself in strongly inhomogeneous manganites films exhibiting a large number of structural imperfections producing ferromagnetic tunnel junction nets. C1 Inst Semicond Phys, Vilnius, Lithuania. USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Zurauskiene, N (reprint author), Inst Semicond Phys, A Gostauto 11, Vilnius, Lithuania. EM zurausk@pfi.lt NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, 02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 105 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 114 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 774GH UT WOS:000188971100011 ER PT S AU Liu, JJ Gollsneider, B Chang, W Carhart, G Vorontsov, M Simonis, GJ Shoop, BL AF Liu, JJ Gollsneider, B Chang, W Carhart, G Vorontsov, M Simonis, GJ Shoop, BL BE Dutta, AK Awwal, AAS Dutta, NK Ohishi, Y TI Two-dimensional opto-electronic interconnect-processor and its operational bit-error-rate SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE OPTICAL COMPONENTS FOR WDM COMMUNICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Optical Components for WDM Communications IV CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, IEICE, Commun Soc Opt Engn, IEICE, Elect Soc DE VCSEL; optical interconnect and processor; bit-error-rate (BER); pseudo-random bit stream (PRBS); digital halftoning ID OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS AB Two-dimensional (2-D) multi-channel 8x8 optical interconnect and processor system were designed and developed using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) driven 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays and the photodetector (PD) arrays with corresponding wavelengths. We performed operation and bit-error-rate (BER) analysis on this free-space integrated 8x8 VCSEL optical interconnects driven by silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) circuits. Pseudo-random bit stream (PRBS) data sequence was used in operation of the interconnects. Eye diagrams were measured from individual channels and analyzed using a digital oscilloscope at data rates from 155 Mb/s to 1.5 Gb/s. Using a statistical model of Gaussian distribution for the random noise in the transmission, we developed a method to compute the BER instantaneously with the digital eye-diagrams. Direct measurements on this interconnects were also taken on a standard BER tester for verification. We found that the results of two methods were in the same order and within 50% accuracy. The integrated interconnects were investigated in an optoelectronic processing architecture of digital halftoning image processor. Error diffusion networks implemented by the inherently parallel nature of photonics promise to provide high quality digital halftoned images. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Liu, JJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5548-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5595 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1117/12.573130 PG 9 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BBL98 UT WOS:000226090200015 ER PT S AU Kwon, SC Dutta, PK Kim, YH Eum, SH Shin, DH Lopez-Anido, R AF Kwon, SC Dutta, PK Kim, YH Eum, SH Shin, DH Lopez-Anido, R BE Kishimoto, K Kikuchi, M Shoji, T Saka, M TI Fatigue studies of FRP composite decks at extreme environmental conditions SO ADVANCES IN FRACTURE AND FAILURE PREVENTION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fracture and Strength of Solids/2nd International Conference on Physics and Chemistry of Fracture and Failure Prevention CY OCT 20-22, 2003 CL Tohoku Univ, Sendai, JAPAN SP Far E & Ocean Fracture Soc, Thohku Univ, Ctr Phys & Chem Fracture & Failure Prevent, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol HO Tohoku Univ DE FRP bridge deck; fiber reinforced polymer deck system; pultrusion process; VARTM; contact hand lay-up process; quasi-static test; fatigue behavior AB A summary of the experimental fatigue characterization of FRP composite bridge decks at two extreme temperatures [-30degreesC (-22degreesF) and 50degreesC (122degreesF)] is presented. Each deck was initially subjected to one million wheel load cycles at low temperature and another one million cycles at high temperature [1,2]. The results presented in this paper correspond to the fatigue response of each deck for four million load cycles at low temperature and another four million cycles at high temperature. Thus, the each deck was subjected to a total of ten million cycles. Progressive degradation in stiffness with cycling was noted for each deck. Comparisons of responses were made between the different FRP composite deck configurations and materials. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Korea Maritime Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pusan, South Korea. Univ Tokushima, Dept Mech Engn, Tokushima 7708506, Japan. Univ Maine, Adv Struct & Composites Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Kwon, SC (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-938-5 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2004 VL 261-263 BP 1301 EP 1306 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BAC70 UT WOS:000221573900206 ER PT S AU Kim, YH Eum, SH Choi, BK Kim, JC Kwon, SC Dutta, PK AF Kim, YH Eum, SH Choi, BK Kim, JC Kwon, SC Dutta, PK BE Kishimoto, K Kikuchi, M Shoji, T Saka, M TI A study on the dimensional stability of interior composite panel made by vacuum bagging and hand lay-up fabrication method SO ADVANCES IN FRACTURE AND FAILURE PREVENTION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fracture and Strength of Solids/2nd International Conference on Physics and Chemistry of Fracture and Failure Prevention CY OCT 20-22, 2003 CL Tohoku Univ, Sendai, JAPAN SP Far E & Ocean Fracture Soc, Thohku Univ, Ctr Phys & Chem Fracture & Failure Prevent, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol HO Tohoku Univ DE vacuum bagging method; hand lay-up method; dimensional stability; composites; DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter); interior panel AB Recently, composites are widely used for intenior panel of the transportation facilities such as railway vehicle, ships and aircraft, etc. These interior composites panels are often made by vacuum bagging, hand lay-up method and autoclave, etc. In this study, we carried out tests for the evaluation of material properties of the panels under more severe conditions than real environment to evaluate the dimension stability of the interior composite panels. Two sets of panels, one made by hand lay-up method with glass mat/polyester resin (Type 1), and the other, by vacuum bagging method with epoxy prepreg/NOMEX (Type 2) are exposed to the low temperature, high temperature and room temperature. And then we measured the dimensions of the strained panels. To monitor the characteristics of cured resin, we used DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter). It was observed that Type 2 has higher mechanical properties and dimensional stability than Type 1. C1 Korea Maritime Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Pusan 606791, South Korea. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Kim, YH (reprint author), Korea Maritime Univ, Dept Mat Engn, 1 Dongsamdong, Pusan 606791, South Korea. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-938-5 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2004 VL 261-263 BP 1493 EP 1498 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BAC70 UT WOS:000221573900238 ER PT J AU Riddick, JC Hyer, MW AF Riddick, JC Hyer, MW TI Postbuckling behavior of segmented circular composite cylinders SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 42nd Structures Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB The response characteristics of composite cylinders constructed in four circumferential segments are discussed. Two cylinder configurations, referred to as axially stiff and circumferentially stiff cylinders, are studied. Numerical results from STAGS finite element analyses are presented and include predicted radial displacements and selected stress resultants. Compressive loading into the postbuckling range by an axial endshortening is considered. The results show that, as the endshortening increases toward the buckling value, some segments of the cylinders begin to develop axial wrinkles, whereas other segments remain relatively unwrinkled. For the two cylinders considered here, the wrinkling of the segments is correlated with the level of axial stress resultant supported in the segment. Load drops of 20 and 57% for the axially stiff and circumferentially stiff cylinders, respectively, are predicted for levels of endshortening beyond the buckling values. The postbuckled cylinders are characterized by regions of large localized inward dimples and outward ridges in the radial displacement pattern. These regions are sites of large-magnitude axial and transverse shear stress resultants. C1 USA, Res Lab, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech 0219, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Riddick, JC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 188B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM j.c.riddick@larc.nasa.gov; hyerm@vt.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.2514/1.9042 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 765BV UT WOS:000188248000020 ER PT J AU Kijak, GH Currier, JR Tovanabutra, S Cox, JH Michael, NL Wegner, SA Birx, DL McCutchan, FE AF Kijak, GH Currier, JR Tovanabutra, S Cox, JH Michael, NL Wegner, SA Birx, DL McCutchan, FE TI Lost in translation: Implications of HIV-1 codon usage for immune escape and drug resistance SO AIDS REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE HIV evolution; condon usage; immune escape; drug resistance ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AIDS; IN-VIVO MUTATION; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; HISTORICAL ESSAY; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; INFECTION; RESPONSES; EPITOPES AB Synonymous nucleotide substitutions in protein-coding sequences are often regarded as evolutionarily neutral and not subject to selective pressure. However, synonymous codons can sometimes lead to different patterns of amino acid substitution by single nucleotide changes. Based on the deconstruction of the standard genetic code, we propose the term 'quasi-synonymous' to describe codons that specify the same amino acid, but lie on different mutational pathways, and we show that in at least one rapidly evolving organism, HIM, quasi-synonymy plays a role in its evolution. We present concrete examples that demonstrate the relevance of codon usage in the development of antiretroviral-drug resistance. In the case of the host immune response, the data indicates that viral evasion is achieved through use of codons that lie on the direct path to escape mutants, and equally, permit rapid reversion to wild-type in the absence of these selective pressures. Quasi-synonymy conditions HIM and, potentially, other rapidly evolving organisms in their exploration of the mutational space. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. RP Kijak, GH (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM gkijak@hivresearch.org NR 51 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERMANYER PUBLICATIONS PI BARCELONA PA MALLORCA, 310, BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 1139-6121 J9 AIDS REV JI Aids Rev. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 6 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 885MM UT WOS:000226161300007 PM 15168741 ER PT S AU Rand, RS Bosch, EH AF Rand, RS Bosch, EH BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI The effect of wavelet-based dimension reduction on neural network classification and subpixel targeting algorithms SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference onAlgorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery X CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Adaptive Wavelets; neural networks; supervised classification; derivative difference; hyperspectral imagery; linear mixture analysis; Constrained Energy Minimization; endmember selection; terrain categorization; abundance estimation AB The effect of using Adaptive Wavelets is investigated for dimension reduction and noise filtering of hyperspectral imagery that is to be subsequently exploited for classification or subpixel analysis. The method is investigated as a possible alternative to the Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transform as a preprocessing tool. Unlike the MNF method, the wavelet-transformed method does not require an estimate of the noise covariance matrix that can often be difficult to obtain for complex scenes (such as urban scenes). Another desirable characteristic of the proposed wavelet transformed data is that, unlike Principal Component Analysis (PCA) transformed data, it maintains the same spectral shapes as the original data (the spectra are simply smoothed). In the experiment, an adaptive wavelet image cube is generated using four orthogonal conditions and three vanishing moment conditions. The classification performance of a Derivative Distance Squared (DDS) classifier and a Multilayer Feedforward Network (MLFN) neural network classifier applied to the wavelet cubes is then observed. The performance of the Constrained Energy Minimization (CEM) matched-filter algorithm applied to this data us also observed. HYDICE 210-band imagery containing a moderate amount of noise is used for the analysis so that the noise-filtering properties of the transform can be emphasized. Trials are conducted on a challenging scene with significant locally varying statistics that contains a diverse range of terrain features. The proposed wavelet approach can be automated to require no input from the user. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Topograph Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Rand, RS (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Topograph Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5348-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5425 BP 653 EP 664 DI 10.1117/12.542696 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV41 UT WOS:000223764600064 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Ton, T Wong, D Soumekh, M AF Nguyen, L Ton, T Wong, D Soumekh, M BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Adaptive coherent suppression of multiple wide-bandwidth RFI sources in SAR SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XI CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE ultra wideband radar; SAR; RFI AB This paper is concerned with suppressing multiple wide-bandwidth radio frequency interference (RFI) sources in SAR systems. A coherent processing of passive radar (sniff) data is presented to diminish the effects of wide-bandwidth as well as narrow-bandwidth RFI sources in the active radar data that are collected by a SAR system. The approach is based on a two-dimensional adaptive filtering of the active SAR data using the passive sniff data as the reference signal. A similar mathematical (signal) model and processing is also utilized to suppress self-induced resonance (SIR) signals that are generated by the interaction of the radar-carrying platform and the transmitted radar signal. Results are shown using the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) low-frequency, ultra-wideband (UWB) imaging radar (Boom-SAR). C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5350-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5427 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.542466 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ45 UT WOS:000224315100001 ER PT J AU Hayashi, PH Harrison, SA Torgerson, S Perez, TA Nochajski, T Russell, M AF Hayashi, PH Harrison, SA Torgerson, S Perez, TA Nochajski, T Russell, M TI Cognitive lifetime drinking history in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Some cases may be alcohol related SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOGENIC CIRRHOSIS; GENERAL-POPULATION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; STEATOHEPATITIS; OBESITY; RELIABILITY; DIONYSOS; STUDY/ AB OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the prevalence of significant alcohol intake in previously diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) patients. METHODS: We measured current and total lifetime alcohol intake (TLAI) in biopsy-proven NAFL patients using the cognitive lifetime drinking history (CLDH), a computerized questionnaire. One nurse administered the CLDH without physician presence. Physicians took alcohol histories prior to any knowledge of this study. Advanced and nonadvanced fibrosis patients were tested. A single pathologist (ST) scored all biopsies (inflammation 0-6; fibrosis 0-4). RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (11 men) were studied. Thirteen had bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. [mean age: 52.3 yr (range 28-69); mean body mass index (BMI): 37 kg/m(2) (range 27-48.6)]. All but three had hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and/or hypertension. Mean TLAI was 60.2 kg (range 0.17-471.7), but three patients were above 100 kg (threshold for cirrhosis risk) at 305.5, 336.7, and 471.7. These three had inflammation/fibrosis scores of 3/3, 3/0, and 5/2, respectively. Those with >100 kg tended to have higher serum AST and inflammation score. Prior physician-obtained alcohol history determined less than or equal to20 g/day for all patients and did not mention TLAI in any. CLDH confirmed less than or equal to20 g/day current alcohol intake in 21 of 23 patients, but intakes were 30.2 g/day and 41.2 g/day in two. CONCLUSIONS: Some NAFL patients may have alcohol fatty liver disease instead. Routine physician interviews obtain less accurate alcohol histories compared to CLDH. The clinical significance of past alcohol intake and methods of measuring alcohol ingestion in fatty liver patients deserves further investigation. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Sect, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. Res Inst Addict, Buffalo, NY USA. Prevent Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Hayashi, PH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, 4200 E 9th Ave,B-154, Denver, CO 80262 USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 99 IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 DI 10.1046/j.1572-0241.2003.04013.x PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 763AV UT WOS:000188047200016 PM 14687145 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Cruess, DF Agodoa, LYC Sawyers, ES Tveit, DP AF Abbott, KC Cruess, DF Agodoa, LYC Sawyers, ES Tveit, DP TI Early renal insufficiency and late venous thromboembolism after renal transplantation in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE pulmonary embolism (PE); deep venous thrombosis (DVT); venous thromboembolism (VTE); Medicare claim; renal transplant; polycystic kidney disease; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD); glomerular filtration rate (GFR); end-stage renal disease (ESRD); United States Renal Data System (USRDS) ID CHRONIC DIALYSIS PATIENTS; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; UREMIC PATIENTS; RISK-FACTORS; THROMBOSIS; DISEASE; COMPLICATIONS; HEMODIALYSIS; RECIPIENTS AB Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the most common preventable cause of death in hospitalized patients. Patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be at increased risk for PE in comparison to the general population. Whether severe CKD is associated with increased risk for late venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a population of renal transplant recipients has not been determined. Methods: Using the US Renal Data System database, we studied 28,924 patients receiving a kidney transplant from January 1, 1996, to July 31, 2000, with Medicare as primary payer, followed up until December 31, 2000. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate the association of transplant recipient estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula) less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (versus >30 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) 1 year after renal transplantation with Medicare claims for VTE (either deep-venous thrombosis or PE/infarction) 1.5 to 3 years after renal transplantation. Results: The rate of VTE occurring 1.5 to 3 years after transplantation was 2.9 episodes/1,000 person-years. eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) versus higher at the end of the first year after renal transplantation was associated with significantly increased risk for later VTE (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 3.89). Conclusion: Patients with severe CKD after renal transplantation should be regarded as high risk for late VTE, which is a potentially preventable cause of death in this population. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Serv Nephrol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM kevin.abbott@na.amedd.army.mil OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 43 IS 1 BP 120 EP 130 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2003.08.047 PG 11 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 761KG UT WOS:000187907500015 PM 14712435 ER PT J AU Simon, JF Swanson, SJ Agodoa, LYC Cruess, DF Bohen, EM Abbott, KC AF Simon, JF Swanson, SJ Agodoa, LYC Cruess, DF Bohen, EM Abbott, KC TI Induction sirolimus and delayed graft function after deceased donor kidney transplantation in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sirolimus; delayed graft function; deceased donor kidney transplantation ID CADAVERIC RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; EARLY CYCLOSPORINE WITHDRAWAL; LONG-TERM TRIAL; RANDOMIZED MULTICENTER; RECIPIENTS; TACROLIMUS; REJECTION; RECOVERY; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; EFFICACY AB Background/Aims: Previous studies have reported a link between the use of induction sirolimus (INDSRL) and delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation. However, none have had sufficient power to adjust for all factors known to be associated with DGF. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of US deceased donor kidney transplantation recipients in the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) from January 1, 2000 to May 31, 2001. Logistic regression analysis was used to model adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for the development of DGF, adjusted for other factors previously reported to be associated with DGF. Results: Among 8,319 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 361 patients received INDSRL, of whom 98 (27.1%) had DGF, compared to 22.5% among patients who did not receive INDSRL. In multivariate analysis, INDSRL was associated with an increased risk of DGF, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.42 (95% CI: 1.07-1.90). Other factors associated with DGF were similar to those previously reported. INDSRL was not significantly associated with graft loss at 1 year in Cox regression. Conclusions: INDSRL was independently associated with DGF in US deceased donor kidney transplantation recipients, adjusted for all other factors previously shown to be associated with DGF. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. WRAMC, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM kevin.abbott@na.amedd.army.mil OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-8095 J9 AM J NEPHROL JI Am. J. Nephrol. PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1159/000079734 PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 854IR UT WOS:000223896800003 PM 15256804 ER PT J AU Lahart, MJ AF Lahart, MJ TI Use of electromagnetic scalar potentials in boundary value problems SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HERTZ POTENTIALS; GYROTROPIC MEDIA; REPRESENTATION; FIELDS AB Expressions for the electric and magnetic fields in terms of scalar potentials are derived, and boundary conditions that the scalar potentials obey at dielectric interfaces and at conducting surfaces are discussed. The relationship of the scalar potentials to source charges and currents is described. It is shown that scalar potentials can be defined that do not obey the wave equation, but the source charge and current configurations that can be associated with such potentials are more limited than those that do obey the wave equation. Examples are given of the use of electromagnetic scalar potentials in boundary value problems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lahart, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 EI 1943-2909 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 72 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1119/1.1607339 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 757PP UT WOS:000187570900016 ER PT J AU Maresh, CM Kraemer, WJ Judelson, DA VanHeest, JL Trad, L Kulikowich, JM Goetz, KL Cymerman, A Hamilton, AJ AF Maresh, CM Kraemer, WJ Judelson, DA VanHeest, JL Trad, L Kulikowich, JM Goetz, KL Cymerman, A Hamilton, AJ TI Effects of high altitude and water deprivation on arginine vasopressin release in men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE acute mountain sickness; antidiuretic hormone; dehydration; fluid regulation; osmotic threshold ID OSMOTIC THRESHOLD; SEA-LEVEL; EXPOSURE; HYPOXIA; PLASMA; OSMOREGULATION; RESPONSES; HYPOXEMIA; RATS AB High-altitude exposure changes the distribution of body water and electrolytes. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) may influence these alterations. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 24-h water deprivation trial (WDT) on AVP release after differing altitude exposures. Seven healthy males ( age 22 +/- 1 yr, height 176 +/- 2 cm, mass 75.3 +/- 1.8 kg) completed three WDTs: at sea level (SL), after acute altitude exposure ( 2 days) to 4,300 m ( AA), and after prolonged altitude exposure ( 20 days) to 4,300 m (PA). Body mass, standing and supine blood pressures, plasma osmolality (P-osm), and plasma AVP (P-AVP) were measured at 0, 12, 16, and 24 h of each WDT. Urine volume was measured at each void throughout testing. Baseline Posm increased from SL to altitude (SL 291.7 +/- 0.8 mosmol/kgH(2)O, AA 299.6 +/- 2.2 mosmol/ kgH(2)O, PA 302.3 +/- 1.5 mosmol/ kgH(2)O, P < 0.05); however, baseline P-AVP measurements were similar. Despite similar Posm values, the maximal PAVP response during the WDT ( at 16 h) was greater at altitude than at SL ( SL 1.7 +/- 0.5 pg/ml, AA 6.4 +/- 0.7 pg/ml, PA 8.7 +/- 0.9 pg/ml, P < 0.05). In conclusion, hypoxia appeared to alter AVP regulation by raising the osmotic threshold and increasing AVP responsiveness above that threshold. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Kinesiol, Human Performance Lab, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. St Lukes Hosp & Fdn Med Educ & Res, Div Expt Med, Kansas City, MO 64134 USA. Univ Arizona, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. RP Maresh, CM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Kinesiol, Human Performance Lab, 2095 Hillside Rd,U-1110, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 286 IS 1 BP E20 EP E24 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00332.2003 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 751ND UT WOS:000187072700004 PM 12954599 ER PT J AU Williams, LR AF Williams, LR TI Determination of the proper number of PACS diagnostic workstations for a busy hospital-based radiology practice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 02-07, 2004 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2004 VL 182 IS 4 SU S BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 808UD UT WOS:000220593100254 ER PT J AU Thomas, WR Bui-Mansfield, LT AF Thomas, WR Bui-Mansfield, LT TI MR imaging of stress injury of the cuneiform bones in patients with plantar fascia dysfunction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 02-07, 2004 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2004 VL 182 IS 4 SU S BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 808UD UT WOS:000220593100279 ER PT J AU Pickhardt, PJ Choi, JR Nugent, PA Hwang, I Schindler, WR AF Pickhardt, PJ Choi, JR Nugent, PA Hwang, I Schindler, WR TI Flat lesions at virtual and optical colonoscopy: Prevalence, histology, and sensitivity for detection in an asymptomatic screening population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 02-07, 2004 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2004 VL 182 IS 4 SU S BP 74 EP 75 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 808UD UT WOS:000220593100285 ER PT J AU Pickhardt, PJ Nugent, PA Choi, JR Schindler, WS AF Pickhardt, PJ Nugent, PA Choi, JR Schindler, WS TI The importance of total colonic examination by virtual or optical colonoscopy: Frequency of significant adenomas isolated to the proximal colon in asymptomatic adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 02-07, 2004 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2004 VL 182 IS 4 SU S BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 808UD UT WOS:000220593100293 ER PT J AU Williams, LR AF Williams, LR TI Multidetector CT arthrography: Imaging techniques for optimizing detection of cartilage defects and case studies demonstrating clinical utility SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 02-07, 2004 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2004 VL 182 IS 4 SU S BP 99 EP 99 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 808UD UT WOS:000220593100392 ER PT J AU Keenan, S Bui-Mansfield, LT AF Keenan, S Bui-Mansfield, LT TI Fluid-fluid level in musculoskeletal lesions: A pictorial essay SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 02-07, 2004 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2004 VL 182 IS 4 SU S BP 102 EP 102 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 808UD UT WOS:000220593100413 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ Bui-Mansfield, LT AF Ly, JQ Bui-Mansfield, LT TI Anatomy of and abnormalities associated with Kager's fat pad SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Div Radiol Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Bui-Mansfield, LT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 182 IS 1 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 767WB UT WOS:000188495900036 PM 14684529 ER PT J AU Banks, KP Lisanti, CJ AF Banks, KP Lisanti, CJ TI Incidental finding of a lipomatous lesion involving the myocardium of the left ventricular wall SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Banks, KP (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 182 IS 1 BP 261 EP 262 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 767WB UT WOS:000188495900064 PM 14684553 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, SC Kampen, RL Pearl, JP Hale, DA Jacobson, LM Kleiner, DE Mannon, RB Muehrer, RJ Swanson, SJ Becker, BN Kirk, AD AF Hoffmann, SC Kampen, RL Pearl, JP Hale, DA Jacobson, LM Kleiner, DE Mannon, RB Muehrer, RJ Swanson, SJ Becker, BN Kirk, AD TI The new standard of care: Alemtuzumab induction with Tacrolimus and Sirolimus maintenance immunosuppression to limit acute and chronic allograft rejection. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American Transplant Congress CY MAY 14-19, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg, Amer Soc Transplantat C1 NIDDK, Transplantat Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Wisconsin, Med Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NCI, Pathol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PY 2004 VL 4 SU 8 MA 639 BP 332 EP 332 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 819NT UT WOS:000221322500639 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, SC Pearl, JP Hale, DA Mannon, RB Swanson, SJ Kirk, AD AF Hoffmann, SC Pearl, JP Hale, DA Mannon, RB Swanson, SJ Kirk, AD TI Early allograft rejection is mediated by CD3+CD4+CD45RA-CD62L-memory cells following alemtuzumab depletion. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American Transplant Congress CY MAY 14-19, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg, Amer Soc Transplantat C1 NIDDK, Transplantat Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PY 2004 VL 4 SU 8 MA 934 BP 413 EP 413 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 819NT UT WOS:000221322500933 ER PT J AU Erhart, LM Yingyuen, K Chuanak, N Buathong, N Laoboonchai, A Miller, RS Meshnick, SR Gasser, RA Wongsrichanalai, C AF Erhart, LM Yingyuen, K Chuanak, N Buathong, N Laoboonchai, A Miller, RS Meshnick, SR Gasser, RA Wongsrichanalai, C TI Hematologic and clinical indices of malaria in a semi-immune population of western Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 10-14, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Amer Soc Trop Med Hygiene ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; BONE-MARROW CHANGES; VIVAX MALARIA; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; ANEMIA; MECHANISMS; DIAGNOSIS; COMPLICATIONS; INFECTION; PLATELET AB This study examines hematologic profiles of persons with acute Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax infection in Maesod on Thailand's western border with Myanmar compared with febrile, non-parasitemic persons also reporting to malaria clinics. Nine hundred seventy-nine subjects were malaria-negative, 414 were infected with P. falciparum, and 646 were infected with P. vivax. Persons with patent parasitemia tended to have significantly lower white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, and hemoglobin levels than those who were malaria-negative. For the first time, a parallel trend in thrombocytopenia with parasitemia was found to be associated with both P. falciparum, and P. vivax infection. Using logistic regression, persons with platelet counts < 150,000/muL were 12-15 times more likely to have malaria than persons with platelet counts greater than or equal to 150,000/muL. This study supplements previous literature on the hematologic effects of malaria and helps define those alterations for a semi-immune population. Thrombocytopenia is identified as a key indicator of malaria in these febrile patients. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Erhart, LM (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM chansuda@namru2.med.navy.mil NR 33 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 768AT UT WOS:000188506600002 PM 14971691 ER PT J AU Happi, CT Gbotosho, GO Sowunmi, A Falade, CO Akinboye, DO Gerena, L Kyle, DE Milhous, W Wirth, DF Oduola, AMJ AF Happi, CT Gbotosho, GO Sowunmi, A Falade, CO Akinboye, DO Gerena, L Kyle, DE Milhous, W Wirth, DF Oduola, AMJ TI Molecular analysis of Plasmodium falciparum recrudescent malaria infections in children treated with chloroquine in Nigeria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TREATMENT FAILURES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CLINICAL-RESPONSE; HOLOENDEMIC AREA; POINT MUTATIONS; RE-INFECTIONS; PFMDR-1 GENES; RESISTANCE; PFCRT AB Parasite genotyping by a polymerase chain reaction was used to distinguish recrudescent from newly acquired Plasmodium falciparum infections in 50 of 160 Nigerian children taking part in a chloroquine efficacy study in Ibadan, Nigeria. A finger prick blood sample was taken from each child before and after treatment to identify recrudescent parasites. By investigating allelic variation in three polymorphic antigen loci, merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), MSP-2, and glutamate-rich protein (GLURP), we determined parasite diversity in the population and in the infected host. DNA from pretreatment and post-treatment samples from 47 of the 50 patients who failed therapy was successfully amplified by the PCR. The MSP-1, MSP-2, and GLURP genotypes in all samples showed extensive diversity, indicating polyclonal infections. The average number of clones per infection in pre-treatment sample was 2.5 with MSP-1, 4.9 with MSP-2, and 2 with GLURP. The extent of multiplicity decreased significantly (P = 0.016) in post-treatment samples. Multiplicity of infection and initial parasite density were not age dependent. Comparison of the variant alleles in pretreatment and post-treatment samples of each patient indicates that 26 of the 47 children had genuinely recrudescent disease. Conversely, post-treatment samples from five children showed completely new genotypes, indicating either a previously sequestered population of parasites or a newly acquired infection. Overall, this study has shown the diversity and complexity of P. falciparum population in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study has also shown the dynamics of P. falciparum infections in this population before and after chloroquine treatment in an area of high malaria transmission. C1 Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Postgrad Inst Med Res & Training, Malaria Res Labs, Ibadan, Nigeria. WHO, Special Program Res & Training Trop Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Happi, CT (reprint author), Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Postgrad Inst Med Res & Training, Malaria Res Labs, Ibadan, Nigeria. EM oduolaa@who.ch NR 36 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 768AT UT WOS:000188506600004 PM 14971693 ER PT S AU Kecskes, LJ Szewczyk, ST AF Kecskes, LJ Szewczyk, ST BE Busch, R Hufnagel, TC Eckert, J Inoue, A Johnson, WL Yavari, AR TI Infiltration processing of tungsten-reinforced bulk-amorphous metal matrix composites SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Metals held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, USA Res Off, Def Adv Res Project Agcy, Natl Sci Fdn, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble AB High-density tungsten (W)-reinforced bulk amorphous metal (BAM) matrix composites have been fabricated by a pressure infiltration methodology. A hafnium (Hf)-based BAM with a density of 11 g/cm(3), glass transition temperature, T-g, of 495degreesC, and liquidus temperature, T-liq, of 1,050degreesC has been used to infiltrate open-porosity W-wire preforms to create W-Hf-BAM composites. Because of the considerably higher T-liq of Hf-based BAM alloys than those based on Zr, the interaction of the BAM with the fixture components, reaction with the W perform, and the formation of undesirable intermetallic phases in the composite were of primary interest. The roles of infiltration pressure, soak temperature, and time at temperature on the composite structure were examined. The structure and quality of the composites were determined with simple fracture tests, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. The fabrication procedure steps and the characteristics of the composites are described. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kecskes, LJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014 OI Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-744-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 806 BP 183 EP 188 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY87N UT WOS:000189484200025 ER PT J AU Shields, CH Creamer, KM AF Shields, CH Creamer, KM TI Validation of the BIS monitor during conscious sedation and deep sedation in children SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Letter C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anesthesiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shields, CH (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anesthesiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 98 IS 1 BP 277 EP 277 DI 10.1213/01.ANE.0000077696.55641.12 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 757KK UT WOS:000187561400091 PM 14693652 ER PT S AU Etchevers, P Martin, E Brown, R Fierz, C Lejeune, Y Bazile, E Boone, A Dai, Y Essery, R Fernandez, A Gusev, Y Jordan, R Koren, V Kowalcyzk, E Nasonova, NO Pyles, RD Schlosser, A Shmakin, AB Smirnova, TG Strasser, U Verseghy, D Yamazaki, T Yang, ZL AF Etchevers, P Martin, E Brown, R Fierz, C Lejeune, Y Bazile, E Boone, A Dai, Y Essery, R Fernandez, A Gusev, Y Jordan, R Koren, V Kowalcyzk, E Nasonova, NO Pyles, RD Schlosser, A Shmakin, AB Smirnova, TG Strasser, U Verseghy, D Yamazaki, T Yang, ZL BE Fohn, PMB TI Validation of the energy budget of an alpine snowpack simulated by several snow models (SnowMIP project) SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 38, 2004 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Snow and Avalanches CY JUN 02-06, 2003 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Int Glaciol Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanches ID LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; PHYSICAL SNOATACK MODEL; VERSATILE INTEGRATOR; CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATION; SITE AB Many snow models have been developed for various applications such as hydrology, global atmospheric circulation models and avalanche forecasting. The degree dcomplexity of these models is highly, variable, ranging from simple index methods to multilayer models that simulate snow-cover stratigraphy and texture. In the framework of the Snow Model Intercomparison Project (Snow MIP), 23 models were compared using observed Meteorological parameters from two mountainous alpine sites. The analysis here focuses on validation of snow energy-budget simulations. Albedo and snow surface temperature observations allow identification of the more realistic simulations and quantification of errors for two components of the energy budget: the net short- and longwave radiation. In particular, the different albedo parameterizations are evaluated for different snowpack states (in winter and spring). Analysis of results during the melting period allows an investigation of the different ways of partitioning the energy fluxes and reveals 0. 1 the complex feedbacks which Occur when simulating the snow energy budget. Particular attention is paid to the impact of model complexity on the energy-budget components. The model complexity has a major role for the net longwave radiation calculation, whereas the albedo parameterization is the most significant factor explaining the accuracy of the net shortwave radiation simulation. C1 Meteo France, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Ctr Etudes Neige, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. Meteorol Serv Canada, Climate Proc & Earth Observ Div, Quebec City, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. WSL Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. Meteo France Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, F-31057 Toulouse, France. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Bracknell RG12 2SZ, Berks, England. Inst Nacl Meteorol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Russian Acad Sci, Lab Soil Water Phys, Inst Water Problems, Moscow 117971, Russia. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, OH1, HRL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. CSIRO Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. COLA, IGES, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Climatol Lab, Moscow 109017, Russia. R E FSI Boulder, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Munich, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Frontier Observat Res Syst Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Etchevers, P (reprint author), Meteo France, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Ctr Etudes Neige, 1441 Rue Piscine, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. EM pierre.etchevers@meteo.fr RI Dai, Yongjiu/D-1070-2010; Yang, Zong-Liang/B-4916-2011; Nasonova, Olga/B-6093-2014; Fernandez-Matia, Alberto/O-4602-2014; gusev, yugeniy/G-4711-2014; Smirnova, Tatiana/D-3350-2015; Fierz, Charles/D-3525-2012; Dai, Yongjiu/D-6261-2014; OI Fernandez-Matia, Alberto/0000-0003-2386-5245; gusev, yugeniy/0000-0003-3886-2143; Fierz, Charles/0000-0001-9490-6732; Dai, Yongjiu/0000-0002-3588-6644; Essery, Richard/0000-0003-1756-9095 NR 30 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 7 U2 34 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-33-4 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2004 VL 38 BP 150 EP 158 DI 10.3189/172756404781814825 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BBZ93 UT WOS:000228438200025 ER PT S AU Sturm, M Benson, C AF Sturm, M Benson, C BE Fohn, PMB TI Scales of spatial heterogeneity for perennial and seasonal snow layers SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 38 2004 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Snow and Avalanches CY JUN 02-06, 2003 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Int Glaciol Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanches ID ARCTIC SLOPE; ALASKA AB Local observations of snow layers are used as the basis for spatial extrapolation of snow properties and for establishing a time record of snow deposition, yet significant lateral variations in layer thickness, density and microstructure are well documented. Here we examine the nature of layer heterogeneity over distances of 10100 000 m using data from primarily flat locations in Alaska, Antarctica and Greenland. We find that at a scale of 10 m or less, perennial snow layers on glaciers and ice sheets are more uniform and laterally continuous than seasonal layers, which, in addition to heterogeneity introduced by wind and water percolation, are also affected by local topography and vegetation. At a scale of about 100 in, heterogeneity of seasonal and perennial snow layers converges and approaches a peak value. At larger scales (10(3)-10(5) M), local (order 100 m) forcing continues to produce most of the layer heterogeneity, with synoptic-scale variations adding small amounts. Cross-correlation at these larger scales is based on recognizing distinctive layer sequences or matching a few key layers of snow. Many layers cannot be correlated because they pinch out or change at scales (i.e. 100 m) smaller than the spacing between snow pits. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sturm, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. EM msturm@crrel.usace.army.mil NR 23 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 12 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-33-4 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2004 VL 38 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.3189/172756404781815112 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BBZ93 UT WOS:000228438200039 ER PT S AU Rick, UK Albert, MR AF Rick, UK Albert, MR BE Jacka, J TI Microstructure and permeability in the near-surface firn near a potential US deep-drilling site in West Antarctica SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology (ISAG-7) CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, ITALY SP Sci Comm Antarct Res, Int Glaciol Soc, Italian Antarct Res Programme, Italian Glaciol Comm, Italian Agcy New Technol, Energy & Environm HO Univ Milano Bicocca ID POLAR FIRN; SNOW; DEPOSITION; GREENLAND; SUMMIT AB The microstructure of snow and firn controls the transport of chemical species from the atmosphere into and out of the underlying firn. Permeability and thick-section microstructure measurements have been made from snow-pit and firn-core samples retrieved near the proposed deep-drilling site for the inland West Antarctic ice sheet. Measurements in past investigations of polar firn show that the permeability of the snow gradually increases with depth into the core to about 2 m, then decreases. In this core, there is a second maximum in permeability at approximately 12 m that is likely due to changes in meteorological conditions at the site. Either lower temperatures or higher accumulation rates in the most recent three to four decades could cause the changes in microstructure and permeability in this core. We suggest that climate shifts may alter gas records ultimately preserved in the ice because of the local climate's effect on the permeability profile. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Rick, UK (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM ursula.rick@colorado.edu OI Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-34-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2004 VL 39 BP 62 EP 66 DI 10.3189/172756404781814320 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDB58 UT WOS:000232368400010 ER PT S AU Albert, M Shuman, C Courville, Z Bauer, R Fahnestock, M Scambos, T AF Albert, M Shuman, C Courville, Z Bauer, R Fahnestock, M Scambos, T BE Jacka, J TI Extreme firn metamorphism: impact of decades of vapor transport on near-surface firn at a low-accumulation glazed site on the East Antarctic plateau SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology (ISAG-7) CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, ITALY SP Sci Comm Antarct Res, Int Glaciol Soc, Italian Antarct Res Programme, Italian Glaciol Comm, Italian Agcy New Technol, Energy & Environm HO Univ Milano Bicocca ID NATURAL-CONVECTION; SNOW; PERMEABILITY; LAND AB Snow and firn properties control the transport of vapor, gases and water between the atmosphere and the underlying strata. An understanding of this transport and the properties that control it is important for predicting air-snow transfer of chemical species and for interpreting ice cores. Remote-sensing images of East Antarctica show large areas of alternating light and dark bands. These low-amplitude, long-wavelength features have glazed downwind faces and rough upwind faces and are called megadunes. The first linked measurements of the permeability and the associated microstructure for a glazed area within a well-defined megadune area are reported in this paper. Permeability and density were measured, along with grain-scale properties derived from digital image processing of preserved thick sections, at this cold, low-accumulation glazed site. A clear layering pattern exists. In the top meter the firn density ranges from 0.24 to 0.50 g cm(-3). Permeability measurements range from 50 x 10(-10) to 200 X 10(-10) m(2), several times greater than corresponding profiles from warmer, higher-accumulation sites like Siple Dome, Antarctica. It is shown that buoyancy-driven natural convection may be important in post-depositional processes in very cold, low-accumulation sites like this. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Study Complex Syst, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Albert, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM mary.r.albert@erdc.usace.army.mil RI Scambos, Ted/B-1856-2009; Fahnestock, Mark/N-2678-2013; OI Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 20 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-34-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2004 VL 39 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.3189/172756404781814041 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDB58 UT WOS:000232368400012 ER PT S AU Gow, AJ Meese, DA Bialas, RW AF Gow, AJ Meese, DA Bialas, RW BE Jacka, J TI Accumulation variability, density profiles and crystal growth trends in ITASE firn and ice cores from West Antarctica SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology (ISAG-7) CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, ITALY SP Sci Comm Antarct Res, Int Glaciol Soc, Italian Antarct Res Programme, Italian Glaciol Comm, Italian Agcy New Technol, Energy & Environm HO Univ Milano Bicocca ID DRONNING MAUD-LAND; EAST ANTARCTICA; BYRD-STATION; SHEET; SNOW; FABRICS; SITES AB Results of analyses of snow annual accumulation variability, density and crystal growth measurements in firn and ice cores recovered from the upper layers of the West Antarctic ice sheet during the US component of the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) are presented. Annual-layer structure was analyzed on the basis of the visible stratigraphy and electrical conductivity measurement record in each core. Annual accumulation varied appreciably between core sites and within cores at individual sites where undulating surface topography appears to be exerting a significant impact on the magnitude of snow deposition. All density profiles except one exhibited densification that was normal with respect to snow annual accumulation and 10 m firn temperatures. Snow annual accumulation was determined stratigraphically, and 10 m firn temperatures were either measured in the holes drilled for cores or inferred using elevation changes relative to Byrd Station, the 10 m temperature at Byrd Station and an assumed lapse rate. Measurements at the one exceptional location indicated that the firn had undergone extremely rapid densification to ice, with the transition to ice occurring at 35-36 m depth. Furthermore, thin-section measurements of grain-size show that the growth of crystals accelerated below the firn-ice transition. The behavior at this one site is attributed to localized deformation in the upper layers of firn and ice. Enhanced crystal growth was also observed at another site. At all other locations where grain-sizes were measured, the rates of crystal growth were in accord with age-temperature relationships observed by other researchers in Antarctica and Greenland. Profiles illustrating pore-crystal structure changes with increasing depth of burial are also presented. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Gow, AJ (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM tgow@crrel.usace.army.mil NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-34-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2004 VL 39 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.3189/172756404781814690 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDB58 UT WOS:000232368400016 ER PT S AU Arcone, SA Spikes, VB Hamilton, GS Mayewski, PA AF Arcone, SA Spikes, VB Hamilton, GS Mayewski, PA BE Jacka, J TI Stratigraphic continuity in 400 MHz short-pulse radar profiles of firn in West Antarctica SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology (ISAG-7) CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, ITALY SP Sci Comm Antarct Res, Int Glaciol Soc, Italian Antarct Res Programme, Italian Glaciol Comm, Italian Agcy New Technol, Energy & Environm HO Univ Milano Bicocca ID ICE; ACCUMULATION; PROJECT AB We track dated firn horizons within 400 MHz short-pulse radar profiles to find the continuous extent over which they can be used as historical benchmarks to study past accumulation rates in West Antarctica. The 30-40 cm pulse resolution compares with the accumulation rates of most areas. We tracked a particular set that varied from 30 to 90 m in depth over a distance of 600 km. The main limitations to continuity are fading at depth, pinching associated with accumulation rate differences within hills and valleys, and artificial fading caused by stacking along dips. The latter two may be overcome through multi-kilometer distances by matching the relative amplitude and spacing of several close horizons, along with their pulse forms and phases. Modeling of reflections from thin layers suggests that the - 37 to - 50 dB range of reflectivity and the pulse waveforms we observed are caused by the numerous thin ice layers observed in core stratigraphy. Constructive interference between reflections from these close, high-density layers can explain the maintenance of reflective strength throughout the depth of the firn despite the effects of compaction. The continuity suggests that these layers formed throughout West Antarctica and possibly into East Antarctica as well. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Steven.A.Arcone@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-34-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2004 VL 39 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.3189/172756404781813925 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDB58 UT WOS:000232368400029 ER PT S AU Spikes, VB Hamilton, GS Arcone, SA Kaspari, S Mayewski, PA AF Spikes, VB Hamilton, GS Arcone, SA Kaspari, S Mayewski, PA BE Jacka, J TI Variability in accumulation rates from GPR profiling on the West Antarctic plateau SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology (ISAG-7) CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, ITALY SP Sci Comm Antarct Res, Int Glaciol Soc, Italian Antarct Res Programme, Italian Glaciol Comm, Italian Agcy New Technol, Energy & Environm HO Univ Milano Bicocca ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; DRONNING MAUD LAND; MASS-BALANCE; ICE STREAMS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; EAST ANTARCTICA; RADAR; SHEET; SNOW AB lsochronal layers in firn detected with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and dated using results from ice-core analyses are used to calculate accumulation rates along a 100 km across-flow profile in West Antarctica. Accumulation rates are shown to be highly variable over short distances. Elevation measurements from global positioning system surveys show that accumulation rates derived from shallow horizons correlate well with surface undulations, which implies that wind redistribution of snow is the leading cause of this variability. Temporal changes in accumulation rate over 25-185 year intervals are smoothed to along-track length scales comparable to surface undulations in order to identify trends in accumulation that are likely related to changes in climate. Results show that accumulation rates along this profile have decreased in recent decades, which is consistent with core-derived time series of annual accumulation rates measured at the two ends of the radar profile. These results suggest that temporal variability observed in accumulation-rate records from ice cores and GPR profiles can be obscured by spatial influences, although it is possible to resolve temporal signals if the effects of local topography and ice flow are quantified and removed. C1 Univ Maine, Bryand Global Sci Ctr, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Bryand Global Sci Ctr, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Spikes, VB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Bryand Global Sci Ctr, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM vbs@earthscienceagency.com NR 23 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 12 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-34-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2004 VL 39 BP 238 EP 244 DI 10.3189/172756404781814393 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDB58 UT WOS:000232368400036 ER PT S AU Song, M Cole, DM Baker, I AF Song, M Cole, DM Baker, I BE Jacka, J TI Initial experiments on the effects of particles at grain boundaries on the anelasticity and creep behavior of granular ice SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology (ISAG-7) CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, ITALY SP Sci Comm Antarct Res, Int Glaciol Soc, Italian Antarct Res Programme, Italian Glaciol Comm, Italian Agcy New Technol, Energy & Environm HO Univ Milano Bicocca ID POLYCRYSTALLINE ICE; INTERNAL-FRICTION; SALINE ICE; STRAIN; DEFORMATION; STRESS; SHEETS; RATES AB Experimental observations of the influence of particles at grain boundaries on the anelasticity and creep behavior of granular fresh-water ice are presented. Ice with particle contents of 0-4 wt.% was investigated under both reversed direct-stress and creep loading conditions at -12 degrees C. The results show that the particles decreased the grain-boundary relaxation by suppressing grain-boundary sliding at higher frequencies (10(-1) to 10(1) Hz). In addition, the modulus increased by up to 30%, and the internal friction decreased by up to 30% at a frequency of 1 Hz. Staged creep tests showed that the particles affected the creep rate substantially. The minimum creep rate of ice containing 1 wt.% particles is 40% higher than that of particle-free ice, indicating that mechanisms besides dislocation glide aid the creep deformation. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Song, M (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Min.Song@Dartmouth.edu RI Song, Min/C-3730-2013 OI Song, Min/0000-0002-3197-4647 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-34-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2004 VL 39 BP 397 EP 401 DI 10.3189/172756404781814069 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDB58 UT WOS:000232368400060 ER PT J AU Chu, Q Schwartz, G Patnaik, A Goldston, S Jimeno, J Lopez-Lazaro, L Izquerido, M Flores, L Rowinsky, E AF Chu, Quincy Schwartz, Garry Patnaik, Amita Goldston, Shelly Jimeno, J. Lopez-Lazaro, Luis Izquerido, M. Flores, Luis Rowinsky, Eric TI Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of sequential paclitaxel followed by trabectedin (ET-743) in 24-h every 2 weeks in patients with advanced or metastatic cancer SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chu, Quincy; Patnaik, Amita; Goldston, Shelly; Rowinsky, Eric] Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX USA. [Schwartz, Garry] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Jimeno, J.; Lopez-Lazaro, Luis; Izquerido, M.; Flores, Luis] PharmaMar SA, Clin Dev, Madrid, Spain. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PY 2004 VL 15 SU 3 BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V14FS UT WOS:000207720900399 ER PT J AU Boseley, ME Tami, TA AF Boseley, ME Tami, TA TI Endoscopic management of anterior skull base encephaloceles SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pan-Pacific Surgical Conference CY JAN 31, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII DE dura; encephalocele; endoscopic repair; hydroxyapatite ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID RHINORRHEA; REPAIR AB Encephaloceles are relatively rare phenomena produced by the protrusion of brain and dura through an anterior skull base defect. Although they can occur as congenital defects, encephaloceles can also present after trauma. The diagnosis is usually made with nasal endoscopy and imaging studies. This report reviews our recent experience repairing 5 encephaloceles in 4 patients. The diagnostic approach and the technical aspects of surgical management are discussed. Although encephaloceles are a rarity, this diagnosis should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis in evaluating a patient with a unilateral polypoid nasal mass, particularly in the setting of recurrent meningitis or cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Boseley, ME (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 19426 Camino Ridge, San Antonio, TX 78258 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 113 IS 1 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 762TH UT WOS:000187997900006 PM 14763568 ER PT S AU Simental, E Bosch, EH Rand, RS AF Simental, E Bosch, EH Rand, RS BE Tescher, AG TI Wavelet-based feature indices as a data mining tool for hyperspectral imagery exploitation SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXVII, PTS 1AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXVII CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Int Telecommun Union, MPEG Ind Forum DE hyperspectral; classification; feature extraction; data mining; remote sensing AB Advances in hyperspectral sensor technology increasingly provide higher resolution and higher quality data for the accurate generation of terrain categorization/classification (TERCAT) maps. The generation of TERCAT maps from hyperspectral imagery can be accomplished using a variety of spectral pattern analysis algorithms; however, the algorithms are sometimes complex, and the training of such algorithms can be tedious. Further, hyperspectral imagery contains a voluminous amount of data with contiguous spectral bands being highly correlated. These highly correlated bands tend to provide redundant information for classification/feature extraction computations. In this paper, we introduce the use of wavelets to generate a set of Generalized Difference Feature Index (GDFI) measures, which transforms a hyperspectral image cube into a derived set of GDFI bands. A commonly known special case of the proposed GDFI approach is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) measure, which seeks to emphasize vegetation in a scene. Numerous other band-ratio measures that emphasize other specific ground features can be shown to be a special case of the proposed GDFI approach. Generating a set of GDFI bands is fast and simple. However, the number of possible bands is capacious and only a few of these "generalized ratios" will be useful. Judicious data mining of the large set of GDFI bands produces a small subset of GDFI bands designed to extract specific TERCAT features. We extract/classify several terrain features and we compare our results with the results of a more sophisticated neural network feature extraction routine. C1 Erdc, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Simental, E (reprint author), Erdc, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5496-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5558 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1117/12.559510 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ02 UT WOS:000225713700018 ER PT J AU Liang, SX Puett, JF Luqi AF Liang, SX Puett, JF Luqi TI Quantifiable software architecture for dependable systems of systems SO ARCHITECTING DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS II SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Software architecture is a critical aspect in the successful development and evolution of dependable systems of systems (DSoS), because it provides artifactual loci around which engineers can reason, construct, and evolve the software design to provide robustness and resilience. Quantifiably architecting DSoS involves establishing a consensus of attributes of dependability (from different stakeholders' perspectives) and translating them into quantifiable constraints. Unfortunately, there are few established approaches for quantifiably architecting such systems with dependability concerns considered at the architectural level. This paper presents a quantifiable architectural approach for evolving hybrid systems into DSoS so that the attributes of dependability can be justifiably translated into constraints and attached to architectural artifacts. Furthermore, it provides a means of quantitatively assessing these characteristics throughout the DSoS development/evolution process. Basically, this approach strengthens system composition in combination with explicit architecting and quantifiable constraints attached to the subsequent artifacts so as to improve the dependability of the intended systems through design inspection via static checking at the architectural level and dynamic monitoring at runtime. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Liang, SX (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM xliang@nps.navy.mil; joseph.puett@us.army.mil; luqi@nps.navy.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3069 BP 241 EP 265 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBV23 UT WOS:000228007400011 ER PT J AU Kineston, DP Willard, R Krivda, SJ AF Kineston, DP Willard, R Krivda, SJ TI Flesh-colored papules on the wrists of a 61-year-old man - Acral persistent papular mucinosis (APPM) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kineston, DP (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 140 IS 1 BP 121 EP + DI 10.1001/archderm.140.1.121-a PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 763DT UT WOS:000188060200017 PM 14732671 ER PT J AU Goodson, LP AF Goodson, LP TI Afghanistan in 2003 - The Taliban resurface and a new constitution is born SO ASIAN SURVEY LA English DT Article AB The year 2003 for Afghanistan was marred by a declining security situation, as resurgent Taliban and other anti-government forces made large sections of the rural areas too dangerous for sustained reconstruction work, and powerful regional warlords continued to defy the attempts of the Kabul government to strengthen statebuilding. Recognizing the danger to its investment there, late in the year, the U.S. altered its military tactics, announced a major new reconstruction grant, and sent a new ambassador. The year ended on a high note, as Afghanistan's Constitutional Loya Jirga promulgated a new Afghan constitution, modeled on the American document, and ratified it early in the New Year on January 4, 2004. C1 USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Goodson, LP (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0004-4687 J9 ASIAN SURV JI Asian Surv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1525/as.2004.44.1.14 PG 9 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 800ZI UT WOS:000220065800002 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, MD McMillian, DJ AF Rosenthal, MD McMillian, DJ TI Hamstring strain rehabilitation: A functional stepwise approach for return to sports, Part II SO ATHLETIC THERAPY TODAY LA English DT Article C1 Baylor Univ, USN, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Baylor Univ, USA, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Rosenthal, MD (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USN, Waco, TX 76798 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1078-7895 J9 ATHLET THER TODAY JI Athlet. Ther. Today PD JAN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 1 BP 44 EP 45 PG 2 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 763KZ UT WOS:000188085800015 ER PT S AU Weber, BA Penn, JA AF Weber, BA Penn, JA BE Sadjadi, FA TI Top-attack modeling and automatic target detection using synthetic FLIR scenery SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB A series of experiments have been performed to verify the utility of algorithmic tools for the modeling and analysis of cold-target signatures in synthetic, top-attack, FUR video sequences. The tools include: MuSES/CREATION for the creation of synthetic imagery with targets, an ARL target detection algorithm to detect imbedded synthetic targets in scenes, and an ARL scoring algorithm, using Receiver-Operating-Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, to evaluate detector performance. Cold-target detection variability was examined as a function of target emissivity, surrounding clutter type, and target placement in non-obscuring clutter locations. Detector metrics were also individually scored so as to characterize the effect of signature/clutter variations. Results show that using these tools, a detailed, physically meaningful, target detection analysis is possible and that scenario specific target detectors may be developed by selective choice and/or weighting of detector metrics. However. developing these tools into a reliable predictive capability will require the extension of these results to the modeling and analysis of a large number of data sets configured for a wide range of target and clutter conditions. Finally. these tools should also be useful for the comparison of competitive detection algorithms by providing well defined, and controllable target detection scenarios, as well as for the training and testing of expert human observers. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Weber, BA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5349-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5426 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1117/12.544057 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB08 UT WOS:000224466600001 ER PT S AU Rosario, D AF Rosario, D BE Sadjadi, FA TI A semiparametric approach using the discriminant metric SAM (spectral angle mapper) SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE semiparametric approach; hyperspectral anomaly detection; novel detection ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; ANOMALY DETECTION; TARGET DETECTION; MODELS AB Automatic anomaly detection has been cited as a candidate method for remote processing of hyperspectral sensor imagery (HSI) to promote reduction of the extremely large data sets that make storage and transmission difficult. But automatic anomaly detection in HSI is itself a challenging problem owing to the impact of the atmosphere on spectral content and the variability of spectral signatures. In this paper, I propose to use the discriminant metric SAM (spectral angle mapper) and some of the advances made on the theory of semiparametric inference to design an anomaly detector that assumes no prior knowledge about the target and the clutter statistics. The detector will assume that the probability distribution function (pdf) of any object in a scene can be modeled as a distortion of a reference pdf. The maximum-likelihood method for the model is discussed along with its asymptotic behavior. The proposed anomaly detector is tested using real hyperspectral data and compared to a benchmark approach. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Rosario, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5349-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5426 BP 58 EP 66 DI 10.1117/12.541005 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB08 UT WOS:000224466600006 ER PT S AU Khatri, H Kirose, G Ranney, K Innocenti, R AF Khatri, H Kirose, G Ranney, K Innocenti, R BE Sadjadi, FA TI Classification of moving targets by a distributed sensor network SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE detection; moving target; classification; template AB We present a procedure for classification of targets by a network of distributed radar sensors deployed to detect, locate and track moving targets. Estimated sensor positions and selected positions of a target under track are used to obtain the target aspect angle as seen by the sensors. This data is used to create a multi-angle profile of the target. Stored target templates are then matched in the least mean square sense with the target profile. These templates were generated from radar return signals collected from selected targets on a turntable. Probabilities of correct classification obtained by a simulation of the classification procedure are given as functions of signal-to-noise ratios and errors in estimates of target and sensor locations. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Khatri, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5349-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5426 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1117/12.544281 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB08 UT WOS:000224466600020 ER PT S AU Bonick, J AF Bonick, J BE Sadjadi, FA TI Evolving filter banks for ATR in infrared images SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE automatic target recognition; genetic algorithm; support vector machine; infrared AB This paper describes a method for developing and training a classifier for detecting military vehicles in FUR (Forward Looking Infrared) imagery. Often image analysis is done via constructing feature vectors from the original two-dimensional image. In this effort, a genetic algorithm is used to evolve a group of linear filters for constructing these feature vectors. Training is performed on collections of target chips and non-target or clutter chips drawn from FLIR image datasets. The evolved filters produce multi-dimensional feature vectors from each sample. First the fitness function for the genetic algorithm rewards maximal separation of target from non-target vectors measured by clustering the two sets and applying a vector space norm. Next, the entire method is adapted to supply feature vectors to a support vector machine classifier (SVM) in order to optimize the SVM's performance, i.e. the genetic algorithm's fitness function rewards effective SVM class distinction. Finally, supplemental features are incorporated into the system, resulting in an improved, hybrid classifier. This classification method is intended to be applicable to a wide variety of target-sensor scenarios. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bonick, J (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5349-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5426 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1117/12.538934 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB08 UT WOS:000224466600028 ER PT S AU Richard, S Sims, F Mahalanobis, A AF Richard, S Sims, F Mahalanobis, A BE Sadjadi, FA TI Performance evaluation of quadratic correlation filters for target detection and discrimination in infrared imagery SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID RECOGNITION AB The detection and discrimination of targets in infrared imagery has been a challenging problem due to the variability of the target and clutter (background) signatures. In this paper we discuss the application of a novel quadratic filtering method using missile seeker infrared closing sequences. Image filtering techniques are well suited for target detection applications since they avoid the disadvantages of typical pixel-based detection schemes (such as segmentation and edge extraction). Another advantage is that the throughput complexity of the filtering approach, in the detection process, also does not vary with scene content. The performance of the proposed approach is assessed on several data sets, and the results are compared with that of previous linear filtering techniques. Since we can obtain the signature of some of the clutter "in-the-field" or during operation, we examine the impact of updating the filters to adapt to the clutter. C1 USA, RD&E Command Aviat & Missile RDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. RP Richard, S (reprint author), USA, RD&E Command Aviat & Missile RDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5349-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5426 BP 334 EP 347 DI 10.1117/12.548617 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB08 UT WOS:000224466600033 ER PT S AU Sims, SRF Mills, JA Topiwala, PN AF Sims, SRF Mills, JA Topiwala, PN BE Sadjadi, FA TI Evaluation of video compression technologies for ATR SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE digital video compression; MPEG; H.264; target recognition; surveillance; detection AB Video compression is a necessary part of many real world applications where the data is being transmitted over data links with limited bandwidth. Previously, information metrics have been used [1] to assess the distortion of target signatures with differing degrees of compression. This paper makes use of a well-known ATR algorithm to assess the impact of an instantiation of the evolving H.264 compression standard on the ATR detection itself. C1 USA, RD&EC, AMSRD AMR SG IP, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Sims, SRF (reprint author), USA, RD&EC, AMSRD AMR SG IP, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5349-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5426 BP 370 EP 378 DI 10.1117/12.542279 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB08 UT WOS:000224466600036 ER PT J AU Koenig, SC Ewert, DL Ludwig, DA Fanton, JF Convertino, VA AF Koenig, SC Ewert, DL Ludwig, DA Fanton, JF Convertino, VA TI Red rest affects ventricular and arterial elastances in monkeys: Implications for humans SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE arterial elastance; ventricular elastance; bed rest; lower body negative pressure ID DOWN BED REST; VAGAL BAROREFLEX; END-EJECTION; PRESSURE; VOLUME; SYSTEM; RESISTANCE; EXERCISE; STATE; BEATS AB Methods: Experimental data were obtained from five chronically instrumented rhesus monkeys exposed to 96 h of 10degrees head-down bed rest (HDBR) and another 96 h of 80degrees upright control separated by 9 d of ambulatory recovery in a counter-balanced, crossover experiment design to test the hypotheses that: 1) headward and footward fluid shifts would increase systemic arterial (Eart) and left ventricular end-systolic (Ees) elastances, and 2) changes in Eart and Ees would be related in magnitude and direction. Ees and Eart were calculated from measurements taken during five observation periods for initial 2-h and 4-d exposures to HDBR that produced headward volume shifts, and acute exposure to graded levels of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) designed to produce orthostatic volume shifts. Results: There was no effect of HDBR on Ees and Eart for any observation period (initial 2-h, 4-d, or LBNP). Eart increased in a similar pattern during the 4-d exposure to both control and HDBR. Ees increased with increasing LBNP levels for both control and HDBR while Eart remained unchanged. Conclusion: Our data are consistent with the notion that elevated Eart may represent an adaptation to physical inactivity that is associated with cardiovascular deconditioning. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Surg, Jewish Hosp, Cardiothorac Surg Res Inst, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Oregon Reg Primate Res Ctr, Dept Surg Serv, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Georgia Prevent Inst, Dept Pediat, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Cardiovasc Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Koenig, SC (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Surg, Jewish Hosp, Cardiothorac Surg Res Inst, 500 S Floyd St,Room 118, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM sckoen01@athena.louisville.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 75 IS 1 BP 7 EP 15 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 760UH UT WOS:000187853200002 PM 14736127 ER PT J AU Renne, IJ Rios, BG Fehmi, JS Tracy, BF AF Renne, IJ Rios, BG Fehmi, JS Tracy, BF TI Low allelopathic potential of an invasive forage grass on native grassland plants: a cause for encouragement? SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attelopathy; tall fescue; Festuca arundinacea; exotic invasions; tallgrass prairie; restoration; competition; biochemical recognition ID FESCUE FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; TALL-FESCUE; ENDOPHYTE INFECTION; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; SEEDLING GROWTH; NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; GERMINATION; COMPETITION; DIVERSITY AB Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), a highly competitive European grass that invades US grasslands, is reportedly allelopathic to many agronomic plants, but its ability to inhibit the germination or growth of native grassland plants is unknown. In three factorial glasshouse experiments, we tested the potential allelopathic effects of endophyte-infected (E+) and uninfected (E-) tall fescue on native grasses and forbs from Midwestern tallgrass prairies. Relative to a water control, at least one extract made from ground seed, or ground whole plant tissue of E+ or E- tall fescue reduced the germination of 10 of 11 species in petri dishes. In addition, the emergence of two native grasses in potting soil was lower when sown with E+ and E- tall fescue seedlings than when sown with seeds of conspecifics or tall fescue. However, when seeds of 13 prairie species were sown in sterilized, field-collected soil and given water or one of the four tall fescue extracts daily, seedling emergence was lower in one extract relative to water for only one species, and subsequent height growth did not differ among treatments for any species. We conclude that if tall fescue is allelopathic, its inhibitory effects on the germination and seedling growth of native prairie plants are limited, irrespective of endophyte infection. On the other hand, the apparent inability of these plants to detect tall fescue in field soil could hinder prairie restoration efforts if germination near this strong competitor confers fitness consequences. We propose that lack of chemical recognition may be common among resident and recently introduced non-indigenous plants because of temporally limited ecotogical interactions, and offer a view that challenges the existing allelopathy paradigm. Lastly, we suggest that tall fescue removal will have immediate benefits to the establishment of native grassland plants. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA, Erdc, CERL, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Renne, IJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM irenne@uiuc.edu OI Fehmi, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0618-9740 NR 54 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 34 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 3 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.baae.2003.11.001 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844FE UT WOS:000223142100006 ER PT S AU Nemeroff, J Angelini, P Orpilla, M Garcia, L DiPierro, S AF Nemeroff, J Angelini, P Orpilla, M Garcia, L DiPierro, S BE Suresh, R TI Communications for unattended sensor networks SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC SYSTEMS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric System IV CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL DE sensor; radio; communications; network AB The future model of the US Army's Future Combat Systems (FCS) and the Future Force reflects a combat force that utilizes lighter armor protection than the current standard. Survival on the future battlefield will be increased by the use of advanced situational awareness provided by unattended tactical and urban sensors that detect, identify, and track enemy targets and threats. Successful implementation of these critical sensor fields requires the development of advanced sensors, sensor and data-fusion processors, and a specialized communications network. To ensure warfighter and asset survivability, the communications must be capable of near real-time dissemination of the sensor data using robust, secure, stealthy, and jam resistant links so that the proper and decisive action can be taken. Communications will be provided to a wide-array of mission-specific sensors that are capable of processing data from acoustic, magnetic, seismic, and/or Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) sensors. Other, more powerful, sensor node configurations will be capable of fusing sensor data and intelligently collect and process data images from infrared or visual imaging cameras. The radio waveform and networking protocols being developed under the Soldier Level Integrated Communications Environment (SLICE) Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) and the Networked Sensors for the Future Force Advanced Technology Demonstration are part of an effort to develop a common waveform family which will operate across multiple tactical domains including dismounted soldiers, ground sensor, munitions, missiles and robotics. These waveform technologies will ultimately be transitioned to the JTRS library, specifically the Cluster 5 requirement. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Nemeroff, J (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5364-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5441 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1117/12.547942 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAT36 UT WOS:000223424000016 ER PT S AU Meyerhoff, JL Norris, W Saviolakis, GA Wollert, T Burge, B Atkins, V Spielberger, C AF Meyerhoff, JL Norris, W Saviolakis, GA Wollert, T Burge, B Atkins, V Spielberger, C BE Yehuda, R McEwen, B TI Evaluating performance of law enforcement personnel during a stressful training scenario SO BIOBEHAVIORAL STRESS RESPONSE: PROTECTIVE AND DAMAGING EFFECTS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Protective and Damaging Effects of the Biobehavioral Stress Response CY SEP 07-09, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Glaxosmithkline, Janssen Pharmaceut, Pfizer Inc, Solvay, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis Pharmaceut, Astrazeneca, Eli Lilly & Co, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Ortho McNeil Pharmaceut Inc DE law enforcement; stressful training; performance; shooting judgment ID DECLARATIVE MEMORY; CORTISOL AB Police trainees who were ready to graduate from the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) volunteered to participate in an exercise designed to evaluate their survivability. In a highly stressful interactive scenario, which included a hostage situation, performance was evaluated for a range of responses, including: shooting judgment and accuracy, communications, and coping with a weapon malfunction. Nineteen percent of subjects shot the hostage, a failure rate that falls in the reported range of friendly fire casualties in military combat. The Spielberger Trait Anger Scale showed an association with shot placement and performance during the gunfight as well as with overall performance scores. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neuroendocrinol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FLETC, Glynco, GA USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Psychol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Meyerhoff, JL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neuroendocrinol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM james.meyerhoff@na.amedd.army.mil NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-518-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1032 BP 250 EP 253 DI 10.1196/annals.1314.031 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physiology; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physiology; Psychology GA BBW44 UT WOS:000228129700032 PM 15677421 ER PT S AU Dawood, MY Lumley, LA Robison, CL Saviolakis, GA Meyerhoff, JL AF Dawood, MY Lumley, LA Robison, CL Saviolakis, GA Meyerhoff, JL BE Yehuda, R McEwen, B TI Accelerated barnes maze test in mice for assessment of stress effects on memory SO BIOBEHAVIORAL STRESS RESPONSE: PROTECTIVE AND DAMAGING EFFECTS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Protective and Damaging Effects of the Biobehavioral Stress Response CY SEP 07-09, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Glaxosmithkline, Janssen Pharmaceut, Pfizer Inc, Solvay, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis Pharmaceut, Astrazeneca, Eli Lilly & Co, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Ortho McNeil Pharmaceut Inc DE Barnes maze; mice; spatial memory; social stress AB Repeated restraint stress in rodents impairs spatial memory in a Y-maze test and induces hippocampal neuronal changes that last up to 5 d after the stressor ends. Our goal was to implement a Barnes maze spatial memory test in mice that could be used to validate our findings of social stress induced Y-maze impairment. We measured performance of mice in 5- and 9-day test paradigms previously used in rats and mice, respectively. Selecting features from each paradigm, we implemented a 5-d test (pre-training, training (4 trials/d/3 d) and probe testing for assessment of spatial memory in mice. Stress consisted of placing each test mouse in a stainless steel perforated box (25.5 cm x 21.5 cm x 16.5 cm) within an aggressor's home cage for 6 h/d for 21 d; direct agonistic encounters occurred randomly throughout stress periods. Barnes maze pre-training (habituation) was on day 21 of the stress exposures. In a preliminary experiment, mice that habituated following their last stressor performed poorly relative to unstressed and to those not habituated prior to the last stressor, as demonstrated by a greater latency to escape and more errors. We conclude that acute stress in a chronic stress paradigm may impair spatial memory acquisition. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lumley, LA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Rucketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Lucille.a.lumley@us.army.mil NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-518-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1032 BP 304 EP 307 DI 10.1196/annals.1314.047 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physiology; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physiology; Psychology GA BBW44 UT WOS:000228129700048 PM 15677437 ER PT S AU Robison, CL Meyerhoff, JL Saviolakis, GA Chen, WK Rice, KC Lumley, LA AF Robison, CL Meyerhoff, JL Saviolakis, GA Chen, WK Rice, KC Lumley, LA BE Yehuda, R McEwen, B TI A CRI1 antagonist into the amygdala of mice prevents defeat-induced defensive behavior SO BIOBEHAVIORAL STRESS RESPONSE: PROTECTIVE AND DAMAGING EFFECTS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Protective and Damaging Effects of the Biobehavioral Stress Response CY SEP 07-09, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Glaxosmithkline, Janssen Pharmaceut, Pfizer Inc, Solvay, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis Pharmaceut, Astrazeneca, Eli Lilly & Co, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Ortho McNeil Pharmaceut Inc DE CRH; CRH antagonist; mice; defense; defensive behavior; social stress; social defeat ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA; MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; NUCLEUS; RATS AB Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is believed to play an important role in the regulation of behavioral responses to stress. CRH1 receptor antagonists may reduce stress responsivity. Stress increases CRH in the amygdala, important in memory consolidation. We hypothesized that infusion of a CRH1 antagonist into the amygdala following social defeat would prevent the development of generalized fear responses. Acute social defeat in mice increases defense towards intruders, even nonaggressive intruders, placed within their home cage. We infused the CRH1 antagonist antalarmin (0.25 mu g/125 nl) bilaterally into the amygdala of mice immediately after defeat and measured their response to a nonaggressive intruder stimulus mouse placed within their home cage 24 h after defeat. Defeated mice that received vehicle displayed high levels of crouch defensive posture and numerous flights from intruders, relative to nondefeated mice that received vehicle. Defeated mice that received antalarmin into the amygdala exhibited significantly less defensive posture than did vehicle-treated defeated mice. Display of defensive posture in antalarmin-treated mice approached that of vehicte-treated nondefeated mice. These findings support a role for CRH in the amygdala to promote consolidation of emotional memory and indicate that antagonism of CRH1 receptors in the amygdala may prevent the development of exaggerated fear responses in stressed mice. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lumley, LA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM lucille.a.lumley@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-518-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1032 BP 324 EP 327 DI 10.1196/annals.1314.052 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physiology; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physiology; Psychology GA BBW44 UT WOS:000228129700053 PM 15677442 ER PT J AU Lee, MS AF Lee, MS TI Evaluation of implicit solvent models for proteins by using hybrid implicit/explicit solvent methods SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 632A EP 632A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971203273 ER PT J AU Carr, K Henchal, EA Wilhelmsen, C Carr, B AF Carr, K Henchal, EA Wilhelmsen, C Carr, B TI Implementation of biosurety systems in a Department of Defense medical research laboratory SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; VIRUS; CONTAMINATION; VACCINATION; PROTECTION; VACCINES; OUTBREAK; ANTIGEN; ANTHRAX AB New biosurety regulations and guidelines were implemented in 2003 because of increased concern for the safety and security of biological select agents and toxins (BSAT) that may be. used as weapons of mass destruction. Biosurety is defined as the combination of security, biosafety, agent accountability, and personnel reliability needed to prevent unauthorized access to select agents of bioterrorism. These new regulations will lead to increased scrutiny of the use of select biological agents in registered research laboratories, but the regulations may have unintended effects on cost, progress, and perceptions in programs previously considered part of the academic research community. We review the history of biosurety, evolving guidelines, implementation of the regulations, and impacts at the lead research laboratory for medical biological defense for the Department of Defense. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Carr, K (reprint author), Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, 5111 Leesburg Pike,Suite 601, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EM Kathleen.carr@us.army.mil NR 31 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PY 2004 VL 2 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1089/153871304322964291 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 902LK UT WOS:000227358400002 PM 15068675 ER PT J AU Cupp, OS Walker, DE Hillison, J AF Cupp, OS Walker, DE Hillison, J TI Agroterrorism in the US: Key security challenge for the 21(st) century SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Agriculture is one of the easiest sectors of the U.S. economy to disrupt, and its disruption could have catastrophic consequences for the U.S. and world economies. Agriculture in the U.S. accounts for 13% of the current Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provides employment for 15% of the population. It produces high-quality, cheap, plentiful food for domestic consumption and accounts for more than $50 billion in exports. The likelihood of terrorist acts interrupting the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products is high: A number of different possible plant or animal pathogens could cause harm or loss of production, and even an act of agroterrorism that did not result in the destruction of foodstuffs or interruptions in the food supply could have a psychological impact. A number of recent unintentional events and epidemics have prompted the U.S. and other countries to provide resources to counteract contagious diseases and contain their impact, including increased funding to federal agencies that are responsible for protecting domestic agriculture. This article presents recommendations to protect agriculture, including changing the way agriculture is viewed on the federal level and increasing the resources to protect agriculture from terrorist attack. C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Dept Logist & Resource Operat, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. Farm Credit Virginias, Staunton, VA USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Cupp, OS (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Dept Logist & Resource Operat, Room 371,1 Reynolds Ave, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. EM orville.cupp@leavenworth.army.mil NR 43 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PY 2004 VL 2 IS 2 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1089/153871304323146397 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 902LL UT WOS:000227358500005 PM 15225403 ER PT J AU Leffel, EK Reed, DS AF Leffel, EK Reed, DS TI Marburg and Ebola viruses as aerosol threats SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; RHESUS-MONKEYS; RESTON-VIRUS; COTE-DIVOIRE; GUINEA-PIGS; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; CONGO AB Ebola and Marburg viruses are the sole members of the genus Filovirus in the family Filoviridae. There has been considerable media attention and fear generated by outbreaks of filoviruses because they can cause a severe viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) syndrome that has a rapid onset and high mortality. Although they are not naturally transmitted by aerosol, they are highly infectious as respirable particles under laboratory conditions. For these and other reasons, filoviruses are classified as category A biological weapons. However, there is very little data from animal studies with aerosolized filoviruses. Animal models of filovirus exposure are not well characterized, and there are discrepancies between these models and what has been observed in human outbreaks. Building on published results from aerosol studies, as well as a review of the history, epidemiology, and disease course of naturally occurring outbreaks, we offer an aerobiologist's perspective on the threat posed by aerosolized filoviruses. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ctr Aerobiol Sci, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Reed, DS (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ctr Aerobiol Sci, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM doug.reed@det.amedd.army.mil OI Reed, Douglas/0000-0003-0076-9023 NR 42 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 27 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PY 2004 VL 2 IS 3 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1089/15387130460759236 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 902LM UT WOS:000227358600006 PM 15588056 ER PT J AU Rusnak, JM Kortepeter, MG Hawley, RJ Anderson, AO Boudreau, E Eitzen, E AF Rusnak, JM Kortepeter, MG Hawley, RJ Anderson, AO Boudreau, E Eitzen, E TI Risk of occupationally acquired illnesses from biological threat agents in unvaccinated laboratory workers SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICROBIOLOGICAL SAFETY; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; AIRBORNE INFECTION; TULAREMIA; VACCINE; MANAGEMENT; BIOTERRORISM; IMMUNIZATION; INCINERATOR; EXPOSURES AB Many vaccines for bioterrorism agents are investigational and therefore not available (outside of research protocol use) to all at-risk laboratory workers who have begun working with these agents as a result of increased interest in biodefense research. Illness surveillance data archived from the U.S. offensive biological warfare program (from 1943 to 1969) were reviewed to assess the impact of safety measures on disease prevention (including biosafety cabinets [BSCs]) before and after vaccine availability. Most laboratory-acquired infections from agents with higher infective doses (e.g., anthrax, glanders, and plague) were prevented with personal protective measures and safety training alone. Safety measures (including BSCs) without vaccination failed to sufficiently prevent illness from agents with lower infective doses in this high-risk research setting. Infections continued with tularemia (average 15/year), Venezuelan equine encephalitis (1.9/year), and Q fever (3.4/year) but decreased dramatically once vaccinations became available (average of 1, 0.6, and 0 infections per year, respectively). While laboratory-acquired infections are not expected to occur frequently in the current lower-risk biodefense research setting because of further improvements in biosafety equipment and changes in biosafety policies, the data help to define the inherent risks of working with the specific agents of bioterrorism. The data support the idea that research with these agents should be restricted to laboratories with experience in handling highly hazardous agents and where appropriate safety training and precautions can be implemented. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Special Immunizat Clin, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Rusnak, JM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Special Immunizat Clin, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Janice.Rusnak@det.amedd.army.mil NR 65 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PY 2004 VL 2 IS 4 BP 281 EP 293 DI 10.1089/bsp.2004.2.281 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 911YG UT WOS:000228042200005 PM 15650438 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Ness, RB Wells, TS O'Donnell, FL AF Ryan, MAK Ness, RB Wells, TS O'Donnell, FL TI Birth defects among infants of Gulf War veterans, 1989-1993 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DOD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. USA, Med Corps, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DOD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Code 25,Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM ryan@nhrc.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 BP 47 EP 47 DI 10.1002/bdra.10138 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 769FW UT WOS:000188616700008 PM 14745895 ER PT J AU Beeram, A Mita, C Izbicka, E Howes, A Tolcher, AW Zhang, S Mita, U Berg, K Pagliaro, L De Bono, JS Schwartz, G Rowinsky, EK Patnaik, A AF Beeram, A Mita, C Izbicka, E Howes, A Tolcher, AW Zhang, S Mita, U Berg, K Pagliaro, L De Bono, JS Schwartz, G Rowinsky, EK Patnaik, A TI A phase 1, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) study of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) R115777 in combination with weekly paclitaxel in patients (pts) with advanced breast cancer or other solid cancers SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Charles A Colman San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut Inc, Raritan, NJ USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2004 VL 88 SU 1 BP S241 EP S241 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 877SE UT WOS:000225589600684 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, DL Ellsworth, RE Hoffman, LR Deyarmin, B Hooke, JA Shriver, CD AF Ellsworth, DL Ellsworth, RE Hoffman, LR Deyarmin, B Hooke, JA Shriver, CD TI Patterns of chromosomal loss in ductal carcinoma in situ differentiate a more aggressive phenotype. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Charles A Colman San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2004 VL 88 SU 1 BP S218 EP S218 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 877SE UT WOS:000225589600620 ER PT J AU Miltendorf, EA Storrer, CE Shriver, CD Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Miltendorf, EA Storrer, CE Shriver, CD Ponniah, S Peoples, GE TI The impact of a polymorphism in the HER2 protein on a peptide vaccination strategy. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Charles A Colman San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2004 VL 88 SU 1 BP S247 EP S247 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 877SE UT WOS:000225589600702 ER PT J AU Mittendorf, EA Storrer, CE Heuman, MT Shriver, CD Peoples, GE Ponniah, S AF Mittendorf, EA Storrer, CE Heuman, MT Shriver, CD Peoples, GE Ponniah, S TI Evaluation of the CD107a cytotoxicity assay for the detection of cytolytic CD8 T cells recognizing HER2/neu vaccine peptides SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Charles A Colman San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2004 VL 88 SU 1 BP S245 EP S245 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 877SE UT WOS:000225589600695 ER PT J AU Moroni, M Pedraza, L Storrer, CE Foley, RJ Shriver, CD Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Moroni, M Pedraza, L Storrer, CE Foley, RJ Shriver, CD Ponniah, S Peoples, GE TI Assessing the humoral immune response in breast cancer patients receiving a single cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope HER2/neu peptide vaccine. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Charles A Colman San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Univ Hlth Sci, Uniformed Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2004 VL 88 SU 1 BP S182 EP S182 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 877SE UT WOS:000225589600517 ER PT J AU Somiari, RI Jordan, RM Lyons-Weiler, J Papcunik, D Somiari, SB Hu, H Hooke, J Lubert, S Yang, YC Yang, S Liebman, MN Shriver, CD AF Somiari, RI Jordan, RM Lyons-Weiler, J Papcunik, D Somiari, SB Hu, H Hooke, J Lubert, S Yang, YC Yang, S Liebman, MN Shriver, CD TI Can blood RNA signature be used for breast cancer diagnosis? SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Charles A Colman San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2004 VL 88 SU 1 BP S220 EP S220 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 877SE UT WOS:000225589600624 ER PT J AU Stojadinovic, A Nissan, A Gallimidi, Z Lenington, S Logan, W Zuley, M Yeshaya, A Shimonov, M Melloul, M Fields, S Allweis, T Ginor, R Gur, D Shriver, C AF Stojadinovic, A Nissan, A Gallimidi, Z Lenington, S Logan, W Zuley, M Yeshaya, A Shimonov, M Melloul, M Fields, S Allweis, T Ginor, R Gur, D Shriver, C TI Electrical impedance scanning (EIS) for the early detection of breast cancer in young women: preliminary results of 1,103 patients taking part in a multi-center prospective trial SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Charles A Colman San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Hadassah Univ Hosp, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. Rambam Med Ctr, Haifa, Israel. TransScan Med, Austin, TX USA. Elizabeth Wende Breast Clin, Rochester, NY USA. Danieli Clin, Givataiim, Israel. Meir Hosp, Kefar Sava, Israel. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Magee Womens Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2004 VL 88 SU 1 BP S10 EP S10 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 877SE UT WOS:000225589600025 ER PT J AU Struble, EJ Dice, YG Ornstein, DL Mody, R Huffnagel, D AF Struble, EJ Dice, YG Ornstein, DL Mody, R Huffnagel, D TI Gabapentin versus venlafaxine for the treatment of menopausal symptoms: a preliminary report SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Charles A Colman San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2004 VL 88 SU 1 BP S240 EP S241 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 877SE UT WOS:000225589600683 ER PT J AU Yang, S Hu, H Shriver, CD Papcunik, D Sumari, SB Heckman, C Jordan, R Yang, Y Liebman, MN Somiari, RI AF Yang, S Hu, H Shriver, CD Papcunik, D Sumari, SB Heckman, C Jordan, R Yang, Y Liebman, MN Somiari, RI TI Identification of genes differentially expressed in blood of patients with breast abnormalities SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Charles A Colman San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2004 VL 88 SU 1 BP S221 EP S221 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 877SE UT WOS:000225589600626 ER PT J AU Baker, LM Larsen, CT Sriranganathan, N Jones, DE Johnson, MS Gogal, RM AF Baker, LM Larsen, CT Sriranganathan, N Jones, DE Johnson, MS Gogal, RM TI Effects of energetic compounds on the Northern Bobwhite quail and biotransformation applications of the intestinal flora SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; EXPOSURE C1 Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. Virginia Coll Osteopath Med, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Gogal, RM (reprint author), Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s00128-003-0233-8 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 763QQ UT WOS:000188112300001 PM 15058647 ER PT J AU Vidler, LL AF Vidler, LL TI What every comediante mentor should know SO BULLETIN OF THE COMEDIANTES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Vidler, LL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUBURN UNIV PI AUBURN PA DEPT FOREIGN LANGUAGES, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0007-5108 J9 B COMEDIANTES JI Bull. Comed. PY 2004 VL 56 IS 1 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Theater SC Theater GA 860XG UT WOS:000224376700011 ER PT J AU Gospodarowicz, MK Miller, D Groome, PA Greene, FL Logan, PA Sobin, LH AF Gospodarowicz, MK Miller, D Groome, PA Greene, FL Logan, PA Sobin, LH TI The process for continuous improvement of the TNM classification SO CANCER LA English DT Editorial Material DE cancer staging; TNM classification; evidence-based practice ID PROGNOSTIC FACTORS C1 Univ Toronto, Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, Toronto, ON, Canada. World Bank, Ctr Dis Control, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Queens Univ, Inst Canc Res, Div Canc Care & Epidemiol, Kingston, ON, Canada. Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA. Canc Surveillance Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. USA, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Gastrointestinal Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Gospodarowicz, MK (reprint author), Princess Margaret Hosp, 620 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HR3/CCH417470] NR 9 TC 134 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 100 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1002/cncr.11898 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 756LV UT WOS:000187467400001 PM 14692017 ER PT J AU Zhu, WZ Miser, DE Chan, WG Hajaligol, MR AF Zhu, WZ Miser, DE Chan, WG Hajaligol, MR TI Characterization of combustion fullerene soot, C-60, and mixed fullerene SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE fullerene; transmission electron microscopy; microstructure ID CARBON NANOTUBES; FLAMES AB Three commercially available carbon nanoparticles, i.e., combustion fullerene soot, C-60-fullerene, and mixed fullerene, have been characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as surface measurements. Fullerene soot contained a mixture of fullerenic carbons and carbon blacks. Face-centered cubic structure was a predominant phase in the C-60-fullerene sample with graphitic and amorphous carbons being minor phases, whereas mixed fullerene was a mixture of fullerene, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and trace amounts of amorphous carbons. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Philip Morris Inc, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Richmond, VA 23261 USA. RP Hajaligol, MR (reprint author), Philip Morris Inc, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 4210 Commerce Rd,POB 26583, Richmond, VA 23261 USA. EM mohammad.r.hajaligol@pmusa.com NR 19 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8-9 BP 1463 EP 1471 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.076 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 828BP UT WOS:000221948000007 ER PT J AU George, BJ Eckart, RE Shry, EA Simpson, DE AF George, BJ Eckart, RE Shry, EA Simpson, DE TI Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor-associated thrombocytopenia: Clinical predictors and effect on outcome SO CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE treatment outcome; angioplasty, transluminal; angioplasty, percutaneous coronary; thrombocytopenia ID PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION; RECEPTOR INHIBITORS; TRIAL; BLOCKADE; INTERVENTION; SUPPRESSION; ANGIOPLASTY; ANTIBODY; THERAPY AB Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are used as an adjunct to antiplatelet therapy in percutaneous coronary intervention to reduce postprocedural enzyme elevations. Previous studies have shown a risk for thrombocytopenia that is associated with these agents. We sought to evaluate the incidence and outcomes of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor-associated thrombocytopenia in an unselected series of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. We reviewed 984 interventions performed on 908 subjects over a specific time period. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were used in 58.8% of cases. Their use increased from 38 to 82% during the study period ( p < 0.0001). The incidence of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor-associated thrombocytopenia was 5.4%. The occurrence of thrombocytopenia was not associated with higher age, gender or ethnicity. The preprocedural platelet count was not associated with induced thrombocytopenia ( 237 +/- 76 vs. 209 +/- 68 x 10(3), p > 0.05). The occurrence of thrombocytopenia was not associated with increased in-hospital mortality, 1-year mortality, myocardial infarction or revascularization, but was associated with a hospital stay twice as long as in those patients without thrombocytopenia (5.6 +/- 11.3 vs. 2.1 +/- 2.2 days, p < 0.001). Of the 5.4% of patients who developed thrombocytopenia, only 2 patients (7.1%) required platelet or blood cell transfusion. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP George, BJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Serv Cardiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Benjamin.George@amedd.army.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0008-6312 J9 CARDIOLOGY JI Cardiology PY 2004 VL 102 IS 4 BP 184 EP 187 DI 10.1159/000081008 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 861ZU UT WOS:000224459500002 PM 15452390 ER PT J AU Mather, B AF Mather, B TI Concrete durability SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article AB Concrete will be durable if the specifications under which it is procured require the appropriate limits and the concrete is produced to comply with the requirements. Thus the issue that must be resolved by the engineer is to anticipate the environment of service, identify the potentially deteriorative influences and their probable intensity, and prescribe proper precautions in the specifications and also prescribe therein appropriate contractor quality control measures and describe the quality assurance measures that will be taken by the owner. If these steps are taken in accordance with the guidance in the current ACI Manual of Concrete Practice, the concrete will be durable for the desired service life. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Mather, B (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Struct Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 1 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 26 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00122-1 PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 747NC UT WOS:000186809700001 ER PT J AU Clark, WM Davalos, A Goldstein, LB Kaste, M Leiter, L Zivin, J Sillesen, H Crimmins, D Davis, S Dimmitt, S Donnan, G Frayne, J Freilich, D Gillies, D Mikocki, J Schmidauer, C Schmidt, R De Bleecker, J Deceuninck, F Tack, P Thijs, V Robberecht, W Fernandes, JG Beaudry, M Cote, R Hoyte, K Lebrun, LH Sahlas, DJ Norris, J Selchen, D Shuaib, A Simard, D Spence, D Teal, P Winger, M Matamala, G Jaramillo, A Cifkova, R Kalita, Z Rektor, I Rosolova, H Stipal, R Vaclavik, D Boysen, G Iversen, H Anderson, AR Sillesen, H Hillbom, M Kaste, M Numminen, H Pilke, A Salmivaara, A Pammo, O Sivenius, J Amarenco, P Boulliat, J de Broucker, T Chollet, F Mahagne, MH Milandre, L Moulin, T Roullet, E Bogdahn, U Busse, O Diener, HC Haberl, R Hamann, G Harms, L Hendrich, A Kroczek, G Hennerici, M Knecht, S Henningsen, H Lichy, C Grau, A Sander, D Schneider, D Berrouschot, J Karageorgiou, C Kazis, A Mylonas, I Stathis, P Vogiatzoglou, D Bornstein, N Honigman, S Gross, B Lampl, Y Streifler, J Capurso, A Comi, G Canal, N Frattola, L Gandolfo, C Poloni, M Mamoli, A Senin, U Guerra, RR de Keyser, JHA Boon, AM Haas, JA Kamphuis, DJ De Kort, PLM Koudstaal, PJ Anderson, NE Scott, R Singh, GPJ Czlonkowska, A Drozdowski, W Gralewski, Z Kozubski, W Kuczynska-Zardzewialy, A Podemski, R Stelmasiak, Z Szczudlik, A Correia, C Cunha, L Ferro, J Lietava, J Raslova, K Carr, J Gardiner, J Kruger, AJ Chamorro, A Davalos, A Egido, J Fernandez, O Marcos, JRG Matias-Guiu, J Jimenez, D Lago, A Martinez, CJ Mostacero, E Rubio, F Sabin, JA Tejedor, ED Torres, MG Trejo, J Vivancos, J Leijd, B Laska, AC Leoo, T Strand, T Terent, A Wagner, A Wallen, T Baumgartner, R Bogousslavsky, J Hungerbuhler, H Lyrer, P Mattle, H Bath, P Ekpo, EB Freeman, A Lees, KR Shetty, HGM MacLeod, MJ Dijkhuizen, R MacWalter, RS Sharma, AK Albers, G Altafullah, I Benavente, O Book, D Broderick, J Calder, C Callahan, AS Carlini, W Chaturvedi, S Chippendale, T Clark, W Coull, B Davis, P Devlin, T Dick, AR Dooneief, G Duff, RS Estronza, N Lloyd, KA Forteza, A Frankel, MR Jacobson, T Frey, JL Friday, G Goldstein, J Graham, G Hammer, M Goldstein, S Gebel, J Harper, W Hariharan, S Sen, S Harris, J Hendin, B Hess, DC Hinton, R Hollander, J Hughes, RL Kasner, S Kent, TA Kim, L Kirshner, H LaMonte, M Ledbetter, LY Levin, K Libman, R Matlock, J McDowell, P McGee, FE Meyer, B Jackson, C Minagar, A Pajeau, A Munschauer, FE Munson, R Nash, M Nassief, A Hsu, C Orr, SC Tulyapronchote, R Gomez, C Ratinov, G Salanga, V Dandapani, BK Silliman, S Singer, R Smith, D Sullivan, H Thaler, D Tietjen, G Tuchman, M Uskavitch, D Vicari, R Weinstein, R Wilterdink, J Zweifler, R Verro, P Rymer, M de Bastos, M AF Clark, WM Davalos, A Goldstein, LB Kaste, M Leiter, L Zivin, J Sillesen, H Crimmins, D Davis, S Dimmitt, S Donnan, G Frayne, J Freilich, D Gillies, D Mikocki, J Schmidauer, C Schmidt, R De Bleecker, J Deceuninck, F Tack, P Thijs, V Robberecht, W Fernandes, JG Beaudry, M Cote, R Hoyte, K Lebrun, LH Sahlas, DJ Norris, J Selchen, D Shuaib, A Simard, D Spence, D Teal, P Winger, M Matamala, G Jaramillo, A Cifkova, R Kalita, Z Rektor, I Rosolova, H Stipal, R Vaclavik, D Boysen, G Iversen, H Anderson, AR Sillesen, H Hillbom, M Kaste, M Numminen, H Pilke, A Salmivaara, A Pammo, O Sivenius, J Amarenco, P Boulliat, J de Broucker, T Chollet, F Mahagne, MH Milandre, L Moulin, T Roullet, E Bogdahn, U Busse, O Diener, HC Haberl, R Hamann, G Harms, L Hendrich, A Kroczek, G Hennerici, M Knecht, S Henningsen, H Lichy, C Grau, A Sander, D Schneider, D Berrouschot, J Karageorgiou, C Kazis, A Mylonas, I Stathis, P Vogiatzoglou, D Bornstein, N Honigman, S Gross, B Lampl, Y Streifler, J Capurso, A Comi, G Canal, N Frattola, L Gandolfo, C Poloni, M Mamoli, A Senin, U Guerra, RR de Keyser, JHA Boon, AM Haas, JA Kamphuis, DJ De Kort, PLM Koudstaal, PJ Anderson, NE Scott, R Singh, GPJ Czlonkowska, A Drozdowski, W Gralewski, Z Kozubski, W Kuczynska-Zardzewialy, A Podemski, R Stelmasiak, Z Szczudlik, A Correia, C Cunha, L Ferro, J Lietava, J Raslova, K Carr, J Gardiner, J Kruger, AJ Chamorro, A Davalos, A Egido, J Fernandez, O Marcos, JRG Matias-Guiu, J Jimenez, D Lago, A Martinez, CJ Mostacero, E Rubio, F Sabin, JA Tejedor, ED Torres, MG Trejo, J Vivancos, J Leijd, B Laska, AC Leoo, T Strand, T Terent, A Wagner, A Wallen, T Baumgartner, R Bogousslavsky, J Hungerbuhler, H Lyrer, P Mattle, H Bath, P Ekpo, EB Freeman, A Lees, KR Shetty, HGM MacLeod, MJ Dijkhuizen, R MacWalter, RS Sharma, AK Albers, G Altafullah, I Benavente, O Book, D Broderick, J Calder, C Callahan, AS Carlini, W Chaturvedi, S Chippendale, T Clark, W Coull, B Davis, P Devlin, T Dick, AR Dooneief, G Duff, RS Estronza, N Lloyd, KA Forteza, A Frankel, MR Jacobson, T Frey, JL Friday, G Goldstein, J Graham, G Hammer, M Goldstein, S Gebel, J Harper, W Hariharan, S Sen, S Harris, J Hendin, B Hess, DC Hinton, R Hollander, J Hughes, RL Kasner, S Kent, TA Kim, L Kirshner, H LaMonte, M Ledbetter, LY Levin, K Libman, R Matlock, J McDowell, P McGee, FE Meyer, B Jackson, C Minagar, A Pajeau, A Munschauer, FE Munson, R Nash, M Nassief, A Hsu, C Orr, SC Tulyapronchote, R Gomez, C Ratinov, G Salanga, V Dandapani, BK Silliman, S Singer, R Smith, D Sullivan, H Thaler, D Tietjen, G Tuchman, M Uskavitch, D Vicari, R Weinstein, R Wilterdink, J Zweifler, R Verro, P Rymer, M de Bastos, M CA SPARCL Investigators TI Design and baseline characteristics of the stroke prevention by aggressive reduction in cholesterol levels (SPARCL) study (vol 16, pg 389, 2003) SO CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Correction C1 Cent Coast Neurosci Res, Gosford, Australia. Royal Melbourne Hosp, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia. Royal Perth Hosp, Perth, WA, Australia. Austin & Repatriat Med Ctr, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia. Alfred Hosp, Prahran, Vic 3181, Australia. Western Hosp, Footscray, Vic, Australia. Prince Wales Hosp, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. Wilhelminenspital Stadt Wien, Vienna, Austria. Leopold Franzens Univ, Innsbruck, Austria. Univ Klin Neurol, Graz, Austria. AZ St Lucas, Ghent, Belgium. Klin OLV van Lourdes, Waregem, Belgium. St Andries Ziekenhuis, Tielt, Belgium. Univ Hosp Gasthuisberg, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Sao Lucas Hosp, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Complexe Hosp Sagamie, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada. Montreal Gen Hosp, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. Foothills Prov Gen Hosp, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada. CHUM, Hop Notre Dame, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Sunnybrook Stroke Res Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada. Trillium Hlth Ctr, Mississauga, ON, Canada. Univ Alberta Hosp, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada. Hosp Enfant Jesus, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Seibens Drake Robarts Res Inst, London, ON, Canada. Vancouver Gen Hosp, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Windsor Reg Hosp, Tecumseh, ON, Canada. Hosp Naval Almirante Nef, Vina Del Mar, Chile. Inst Clin & Expt Med, Prague, Czech Republic. Bata Hosp, Zlin, Czech Republic. Masaryk Univ, St Anns Hosp, Brno, Czech Republic. Fac Hosp Pilsen, Plzen, Czech Republic. Univ Ostrava, Fac Hosp Ostrava, CZ-70852 Ostrava, Czech Republic. Blessed Mary Anthony Hosp, Ostrava, Czech Republic. Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen NV, Denmark. Glostrup Cty Hosp, Glostrup, Denmark. Gentofte Univ Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark. Oulu Univ Hosp, Oys, Finland. Univ Helsinki Hosp, Helsinki, Finland. S Karelia Cent Hosp, Lappeenranta, Finland. Kymenlaakso Cent Hosp, Kotka, Finland. Paijat Hame Cent Hosp, Lahti, Finland. Kuopio Univ Hosp, SF-70210 Kuopio, Finland. Denis Diderot Univ, Bichat Hosp, Paris, France. Ctr Hosp Fleyriat, Bourg En Bresse, France. Hop Delafontaine, St Denis, France. Hop Purpan, Toulouse, France. Hop Louis Pasteur, F-06002 Nice, France. Hop Enfants La Timone, Marseille, France. CHU Hop Jean Minjoz, Besancon, France. Hop Tenon, F-75970 Paris, France. Univ Regensburg, Bezirksklinikum, D-8400 Regensburg, Germany. Klinikum Minden, Minden, Germany. Univ Klinikum Essen, Essen, Germany. Stadt Krankenhaus Harlaching, Munich, Germany. Univ Munich, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. Charite, Neurol Poliklin, Berlin, Germany. Klinikum Rodach, Bad Rodach, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Klinikum Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany. Univ Munster, Munster, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Tech Univ Munich, Klinikum Rechts Isar, Munich, Germany. Univ Leipzig, Univ Klinikum, Leipzig, Germany. Gen State Hosp Athens G Gennimatas, Athens, Greece. Gen Hosp G Papanikolaou, Thessaloniki, Greece. Gen Hosp AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece. 1st Therapeut Inst Social Secur, Athens, Greece. Amalia Fleming Hosp, Athens, Greece. Ichilov Hosp, IL-64239 Tel Aviv, Israel. Carmel Hosp, Haifa, Israel. Wolfson Med Ctr, Holon, Israel. Rabin Med Ctr, Petah Tiqwa, Israel. Policlin Univ, Bari, Italy. Osped San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. Osped San Gerardo, Monza, Italy. Univ Genoa, Genoa, Italy. Osped Riuniti Bergamo, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Hosp Univ Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Univ Groningen Hosp, Groningen, Netherlands. Oosterscheldeziekenhuizen, Goes, Netherlands. Twenteborg Ziekenhuis, Almelo, Netherlands. Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, Netherlands. St Elizabeth Hosp, Tilburg, Netherlands. Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Auckland Hosp, Auckland, New Zealand. Christchurch Hosp, Christchurch, New Zealand. N Shore Hosp, Takapuna, New Zealand. Inst Psychiat & Neurol, Warsaw, Poland. Med Acad Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland. Reg Woiewodeship Hosp, Sosnowiec, Poland. Med Acad Poznan, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. Wolski Hosp, Warsaw, Poland. Med Acad Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland. Lublin Med Acad, Lublin, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland. Hosp Sto Antonio, Oporto, Portugal. Hosp Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Hosp Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal. Comenius Univ, Bratislava, Slovakia. Metab Ctr, Bratislava, Slovakia. Tygerberg Hosp, Parow, South Africa. Constantia MediClin, Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Hosp, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Hosp Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain. Hosp Clin San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. Hosp Carlos Haya, Malaga, Spain. Hosp Virgen Rocio, Seville, Spain. Hosp Gen Alicante, Alicante, Spain. Hosp Univ Nuestra Senora Valme, Seville, Spain. Hosp La Fe, E-46009 Valencia, Spain. Hosp Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Hosp Clin Univ Lozana Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain. Ciudad Sanitaria Univ Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain. Hosp Valle De Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. Hosp La Paz, Madrid, Spain. Hosp Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain. Hosp Gen Yague, Burgos, Spain. Hosp Princesa, Madrid, Spain. St Gorans Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden. Danderyd Hosp, Danderyd, Sweden. Norrlands Univ Sjukhus, Umea, Sweden. Akad Hosp, Uppsala, Sweden. Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden. Vastervik Hosp, Vastervik, Sweden. Univ Spital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. CHU Vaudois, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland. Neurol Univ Klin, Basel, Switzerland. Neurol Poliklin Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland. City Hosp Nottingham, Nottingham, England. Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Woolwich, England. St Woolos Hosp, Newport, Wales. Univ Glasgow, Western Infirm, Glasgow G11 6NT, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Wales Hosp, Cardiff CF4 4XW, S Glam, Wales. Aberdeen Royal Infirm, Aberdeen, Scotland. Univ Dundee, Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland. Aintree Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Stanford Stroke Ctr, Palo Alto, CA USA. Minneapolis Clin Neurol, Golden Valley, MN USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Upstate Clin Res LLC, Albany, NY USA. Neurol Consultants PC, Nashville, TN USA. Medford Neurol Clin, Medford, OR USA. Detroit Med Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. N Cty Neurol Associates, Oceanside, CA USA. Oregon Stroke Ctr, Portland, OR USA. Arizona Hlth Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Chattanooga Neurol Associates, Chattanooga, TN USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. Neurol Grp PC, Norristown, PA USA. COX Pharmacotherapy Res Div, Springfield, MO USA. Blue Ridge Res Ctr, Roanoke, VA USA. Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Grady Hlth Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. Barrow Neurol Clin, Phoenix, AZ USA. Bryn Mawr Hosp, Bryn Mawr, PA USA. San Francisco Clin Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Wake Res Associates, Raleigh, NC USA. New Jersey Neurosci Inst, Edison, NJ USA. Neurol Consultants, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. Phoenix Neurol Associates, Phoenix, AZ USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. Neurol Consultants, Dallas, TX USA. Rochester Gen Hosp, Rochester, NY 14621 USA. Denver Gen Hosp, Denver, CO USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Texas, Div Med, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RENSTAR Med Res, Ocala, FL USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Neurol Ctr Middle Tennessee, Columbia, TN USA. Neurol Grp Bergen Cty, Ridgewood, NJ USA. Long Isl Jewish Hlth Syst, New Hyde Pk, NY USA. San Antonio Prevent & Diagnost Med PA, San Antonio, TX USA. Neurol Associates Inc, Richmond, VA USA. San Diego Stroke Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. LSU Med Ctr, Shreveport, LA USA. Buffalo Gen Hosp, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. Evanston NW Healthcare, Evanston, IL USA. Dekalb Neurol Associates, Decatur, GA USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Neurol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Christus St Joseph Med Pl, Houston, TX USA. Cleveland Clin Florida, Weston, FL USA. Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr, Jacksonville, FL 32209 USA. Neurol Clin Res Inc, Plantation, FL USA. Colorado Neurol Inst Stroke Program, Englewood, CO USA. Michigan Med PC, Grand Rapids, MI USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Med Coll Ohio, Toledo, OH 43699 USA. Palm Beach Neurol Grp, Palm Beach Gardens, FL USA. St Thomas Med Plaza, Nashville, TN USA. Melbourne Internal Med Associates, Melbourne, FL USA. Diablo Clin Res, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI USA. USA, Med Ctr, Mobile, AL USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Ctr Clin Neurol Studies LC, Kansas City, MO USA. Hosp Univ Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Clark, WM (reprint author), Cent Coast Neurosci Res, Gosford, Australia. RI Meyer, Bernhard/Q-9413-2016; DONNAN, GEOFFREY/A-9947-2008; Davis, Stephen /B-7344-2009; Rektor, Ivan/G-9480-2014; Trejo, Jose/L-7505-2014; Egido, Jose/E-3837-2015; Zweifler, Richard/K-1314-2015; Iversen, Helle Klingenberg/B-9154-2009; Thijs, Vincent/C-3647-2009; Kasner, Scott/C-6109-2011; De Bleecker, Jan/B-7785-2013; Anderson, Nigel/C-7998-2013; De Keyser, Jacques/D-3725-2013 OI Trejo, Jose/0000-0001-9591-8452; Egido, Jose/0000-0003-1698-9127; Thijs, Vincent/0000-0002-6614-8417; Anderson, Nigel/0000-0003-0518-5625; De Keyser, Jacques/0000-0002-3394-7757 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-9770 J9 CEREBROVASC DIS JI Cerebrovasc. Dis. PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 755GF UT WOS:000187394600019 ER PT S AU Jones, JP Fell, NF Alexander, T Tombrello, C Fountain, LTCAW AF Jones, JP Fell, NF Alexander, T Tombrello, C Fountain, LTCAW BE Sedlacek, AJ Cjristesen, SD Colton, R VoDinh, T TI Investigating photonic nanostructures for reproducible characterization of bacterial spores SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL POINT SENSORS FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Point Sensors for Homeland Defense CY OCT 29-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE DE surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy; bacteria; biological detection ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SILVER ELECTRODE; SPECTRA; IDENTIFICATION; NANOPARTICLES; PYRIDINE; GOLD AB Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a plausible solution to the difficult challenge of on-site detection of biological threats. Adding to the challenge is the fact that many biological species, spores specifically, have relatively low scattering cross sections. The intrinsic need to detect these threats at low concentrations and in the presence of strong background signals necessitates the need for surface enhancement schemes. With an available technique to quickly identify bacterial spores, we are investigating the existence of spectral differences between target species in order to incorporate library technologies with the on-site sensor. We are examining many of the reported substrate classes such as: nano-sphere lithography (NSL), Film over nano-sphere (FONS), nano-shells, electrochemically roughened metals, and dispersed and immobilized colloids. Key aspects of this work include discerning what architectural features provide the largest enhancement and reproducibility. We will present preliminary results of bacterial spore identification as well as a comparison of the substrates studied. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jones, JP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5158-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5269 BP 192 EP 202 DI 10.1117/12.514207 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BY85V UT WOS:000189480000023 ER PT S AU Anderson, J Pestov, D Fischer, R Webb, S Tepper, G AF Anderson, J Pestov, D Fischer, R Webb, S Tepper, G BE Sedlacek, AJ Cjristesen, SD Colton, R VoDinh, T TI Fluorescence measurements of activity associated with a molecularly imprinted polymer imprinted to dipicolinic acid SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL POINT SENSORS FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Point Sensors for Homeland Defense CY OCT 29-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE DE dipicolinic acid detection; DPA; fluorescence; molecular imprinting AB Steady state and lifetime fluorescence measurements were acquired to measure the binding activity associated with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microparticles imprinted to dipicolinic acid. Dipicolinic acid is a unique compound associated with the sporulation phase of spore-forming bacteria (e.g., genus Bacillus and Clostridium). Vinylic monomers were polymerized in a dimethylformamide solution containing the dipicolinic acid as a template. The resulting MIP was then pulverized and size selected into small microscale particles. Samplers were adapted incorporating the MIP particles within a dialyzer (500 MW). Tests were run on replicate samples of biologically active cultures representing both stationary phase and sporulation post fermentation products in standard media. The permeability of the membrane permitted diffusion of lighter molecular weight constituents from media effluents to enter the dialyzer chamber and contact the MIP. Extractions of the media were measured using steady state and lifetime fluorescence. Results showed dramatic steady state fluorescence changes as a function of excitation, emission and intensity and an estimated lifetime of 5.8ns. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Richmond, VA USA. RP Anderson, J (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Richmond, VA USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5158-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5269 BP 212 EP 216 DI 10.1117/12.519480 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BY85V UT WOS:000189480000025 ER PT S AU Guicheteau, JA Christesen, SD AF Guicheteau, JA Christesen, SD BE Sedlacek, AJ Christesen, SD VoDinh, T Combs, RJ TI Surface enhanced Raman immunoassay (SERIA): Detection of Bacillus globigii in ground water SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL POINT SENSORS FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Chemical and Biological Point Sensors for Homeland Defense CY OCT 26-27, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, Agilent Technol, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc DE SERS; bio; immunoassay; Bacillus globigii ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; ADSORPTION; SCATTERING; BACTERIA; PROTEINS AB This work presents the development of new methodologies centering on surfaces with immunologically induced affinities for biomaterials in aqueous systems. The immunologically active surfaces concentrate the biomaterials at the interface and therefore eliminate the need for preconcentration steps. This results in a highly sensitive and rapid immunoassay technique. The very strong localized of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) that occurs at noble metal surfaces is combined with the unparalleled selectivity of immunoassays. Localization of the SERS signal eliminates the problem of washings and allows assays to be performed without treatment steps associated with removing excess agents. Previous work with small illicit drug molecules and large microorganisms clearly demonstrates trace detection of species in aqueous environments is possible. This paper discusses further work to detect Bacillus globigii by coupling surface enhanced Raman scattering with immunoassays (SERIA) using citrate reduced silver nanoparticles. The spores of B. globigii are used to simulate the behavior of another bacterium that forms spores - the potential biological warfare agent, Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. C1 USA, ECBC, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Guicheteau, JA (reprint author), USA, ECBC, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5538-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5585 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1117/12.580466 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BBM94 UT WOS:000226251900014 ER PT S AU Gonster, KR Christensen, SD Guichteal, JA AF Gonster, KR Christensen, SD Guichteal, JA BE Sedlacek, AJ Christesen, SD VoDinh, T Combs, RJ TI Raman spectroscopy of biological material: Results from the RAAD common sample set, phase II SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL POINT SENSORS FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Chemical and Biological Point Sensors for Homeland Defense CY OCT 26-27, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, Agilent Technol, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc DE Raman spectroscopy; SERS; biological threat; RAAD program ID RESONANCE RAMAN; BACTERIA; SILVER AB Raman spectroscopy is just one of the diverse set of detection techniques which, under the CB Rapid Agent Aerosol Detection (RAAD) program, are being evaluated for their ability to detect and identify biological materials. In order to compare and contrast different techniques, a Common Sample Set composed of threat simulants, interferents and growth media was provided to all RAAD participants. The samples were investigated using both normal Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This paper focuses on near-infrared Raman data from the Common Sample Set bacterial simulants. Results are also given from a principal component analysis performed on these samples. These measurements provide an initial assessment of the detection and discrimination capability of Raman spectroscopy as applied to biological materials. Despite the challenges facing this detection method, Raman spectroscopy is emerging as a rapid and information-rich method of investigating biological threats. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Gonster, KR (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5538-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5585 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1117/12.577591 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BBM94 UT WOS:000226251900017 ER PT S AU Pellegrino, PM Polcawich, RG Firebaugh, SL AF Pellegrino, PM Polcawich, RG Firebaugh, SL BE Gardner, PJ TI Miniature photoacoustic chemical sensor using microelectromechanical structures SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing V CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE photoacoustics; microelectromechanical systems; piezoelectrics; chemical sensor ID INTEGRATION; CELL AB Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a useful monitoring technique that is well suited for trace gas detection. The technique also possesses favorable detection characteristics when the system dimensions are scaled to a micro-system design. The objective of present work is to incorporate two strengths of the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and chemical and biological sensing into a monolithic MEMS photoacoustic trace gas sensor. A miniaturized macro-cell design was studied as a means to examine performance and design issues as the photoacoustics is scaled to a dimension approaching the MEMS level. Performance of the macro-cell was tested using standard organo-phosphate nerve gas simulants, Dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) and Diisoprpyl methyl phosphonate (DIMP). Current MEMS work centered on fabrication of a multi-layer cell subsystem to be incorporated in the full photoacoustic device. Preliminary results were very positive for the macro-cell sensitivity (ppb levels) and specificity indicating that the scaled cell maintains sensitivity. Several bonding schemes for a three-dimension MEMS photoacoustic cavity were investigated with initial results of a low temperature AuSn bond proving most feasible.. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pellegrino, PM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5339-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5416 BP 42 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.543934 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAW93 UT WOS:000223995100006 ER PT S AU Swim, C AF Swim, C BE Gardner, PJ TI Review of active chem-bio sensing SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing V CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center is the leader in development of military systems for chemical and biological defense, in collaboration with all Services, other Government laboratories, academia, and industry. Chemical and biological optical sensing principles, unique capabilities, state-of-the-art sensors, and emerging technologies will be discussed. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Edgewood, MD 21010 USA. RP Swim, C (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Edgewood, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5339-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5416 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1117/12.542673 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAW93 UT WOS:000223995100019 ER PT J AU Sharma, SK Kumar, R Kumar, S Mosurkal, R Parmar, VS Samuelson, LA Watterson, AC Kumar, J AF Sharma, SK Kumar, R Kumar, S Mosurkal, R Parmar, VS Samuelson, LA Watterson, AC Kumar, J TI Influence of EDA-pi interactions in drug encapsulation using nanospheres SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); AMPHIPHILIC POLYMERS; DELIVERY; RECOGNITION; WATER; RECEPTORS; CHEMISTRY; CARRIERS AB We have evaluated the influence of aromatic and hydrophobic interactions on the strength and selectivity of encapsulation using polymeric nanospheres. C1 Univ Delhi, Dept Chem, Bioorgan Lab, Delhi 110007, India. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Inst Nanosci Engn & Technol, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Parmar, VS (reprint author), Univ Delhi, Dept Chem, Bioorgan Lab, Delhi 110007, India. RI MOSURKAL, RAVI/P-6981-2015 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2004 IS 23 BP 2689 EP 2691 DI 10.1039/b408993f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 874VA UT WOS:000225377100021 PM 15568069 ER PT J AU Ouellette, DR AF Ouellette, DR TI The answer is fifteen percent - What is the question? SO CHEST LA English DT Editorial Material ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; D-BINDING-PROTEIN; RISK-FACTORS; GC-GLOBULIN; EMPHYSEMA; VARIANTS; COPD C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Pulm Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Ouellette, DR (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Pulm Dis Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM DanielROuellette@aol.com NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JAN PY 2004 VL 125 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1378/chest.125.1.3 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 764QN UT WOS:000188217700002 PM 14718409 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF Susla, GM O'Grady, NP AF Shorr, AF Susla, GM O'Grady, NP TI Pulmonary infiltrates in the non-HIV-infected immunocompromised patient - Etiologies, diagnostic strategies, and outcomes SO CHEST LA English DT Review DE bronchoscopy; complications; fungus; immunocompromised; infection; infiltrates; malignancy; outcomes; transplant ID STEM-CELL TRANSPLANT; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; FEBRILE NEUTROPENIC PATIENTS; BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-FAILURE; OPEN LUNG-BIOPSY; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; SOLID-ORGAN; NONINVASIVE VENTILATION; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE AB Pulmonary complications remain a major cause of both morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. When such individuals present with radiographic infiltrates, the clinician faces a diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnosis in this setting is broad and includes both infectious and noninfectious processes. Rarely are the radiographic findings classic for one disease, and most potential etiologies have overlapping clinical and radiographic appearances. In recent years, several themes have emerged in the literature on this topic. First, an aggressive approach to identifying a specific etiology is necessary; as a corollary, diagnostic delay increases the risk for mortality. Second, the evaluation of these infiltrates nearly always entails bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy allows identification of some etiologies with certainty, and often allows for the exclusion of infectious agents even if the procedure is otherwise unrevealing. Third, early use of CT scanning regularly demonstrates lesions missed by plain radiography. Despite these advances, initial therapeutic interventions include the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and other anti-infectives in order to ensure that the patients is receiving appropriate therapy. With the results of invasive testing, these treatments are then narrowed. Frustratingly, outcomes for immunocompromised patients with infiltrates remain poor. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, Clin Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM afshorr@dnamail.com NR 58 TC 64 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JAN PY 2004 VL 125 IS 1 BP 260 EP 271 DI 10.1378/chest.125.1.260 PG 12 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 764QN UT WOS:000188217700042 PM 14718449 ER PT J AU Gentlesk, PJ Markwood, TT Atwood, JE AF Gentlesk, PJ Markwood, TT Atwood, JE TI Chronotropic incompetence in a young adult - Case report and literature review SO CHEST LA English DT Review DE artificial pacemaker; bradycardia; heart rate; sick sinus syndrome ID SICK-SINUS SYNDROME; CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; NODE DISEASE; PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION; PERMANENT PACEMAKER; ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; STIMULATION MODE; FOLLOW-UP; EXERCISE AB Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is the inability of heart rate response to meet metabolic demand. CI is associated with sinus node dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, or structural heart disease, and can lead to functional impairment. We report the case of a 34-year-old man with CI secondary to sinus node dysfunction who demonstrated significant improvement in functional capacity with rate-responsive pacing. Therapy for CI should be guided by the treatment of the underlying cause with consideration for rate-responsive pacing in symptomatic patients. The prognosis of CI is variable and dependent on underlying etiology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Markwood, TT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Room 4A-44, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM thor.Markwood@na.amedd.army.mil NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JAN PY 2004 VL 125 IS 1 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1378/chest.125.1.297 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 764QN UT WOS:000188217700048 PM 14718455 ER PT J AU Black, N AF Black, N TI Hindu and Buddhist children, adolescents, and families SO CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH; PSYCHOTHERAPY; BELIEFS; MODEL; HEART; INDIA AB The Hindu tradition of South Asia is an old tradition that remains alive in many forms throughout India and in the Western world. The Buddhist traditions of South and East Asia also are finding new vibrancy and cultural expression as they move to Europe and North America. Fundamental teachings and practices abide for both traditions, even as they endure cultural change and add new practitioners from the countries of origin and from the new homelands. Clinically, this article focuses on those patients and the generations within their families that are experiencing these shifts as the traditions and the families move from one setting to the next. The definition of "self," especially in a family context, is an important factor discussed in the article. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Black, N (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Serv, Borden Pavil,Bldg 6, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM nancy.black@na.amedd.army.mil NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1056-4993 J9 CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL JI Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. N. Am. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 201 EP + DI 10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00095-6 PG 21 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 760FN UT WOS:000187801100015 PM 14723309 ER PT B AU Robertson, B Ho, FD Hudson, T AF Robertson, B Ho, FD Hudson, T BE DAuriol, BJ TI Modeling and fabrication of RF MEMS switches SO CIC '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Communications in Computing (CIC 2004) CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Univ Texas El Paso, Coll Engn, Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Comp Sci, Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press DE MEMS; micro; RF; switch AB MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) are becoming increasingly important. The benefits of MEMS include small size, low weight, and low cost. In addition, Radio Frequency MEMS switches offer low insertion loss, high quality factor, low power, high isolation, and broadband frequency performance. Modeling of electrostatically-actuated, capacitive switches is reviewed and fabrication steps are described. A lumped element model is used in order to facilitate the use of MEMS switches in electrical circuits. Finite Element Modeling showing forces created by the voltage across the switch is also presented. Fabrication steps are described. RF MEMS switches offer significant benefits and may be incorporated into many communication devices. Understanding switch behavior and characteristics is importantfor designers. C1 USA, RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. RP Robertson, B (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-36-X PY 2004 BP 127 EP 133 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BBK97 UT WOS:000225968100021 ER PT J AU Frenchik, MD McFaul, SJ Tsonev, LI AF Frenchik, MD McFaul, SJ Tsonev, LI TI A microplate assay for the determination of hemoglobin concentration SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Letter ID ALKALINE HEMATIN D-575; CYANHEMIGLOBIN METHOD; TOOL C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Combat Casualty Care, Transfus & Crypreservat Res Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP McFaul, SJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM steve.mcfaul@amedd.army.mil NR 4 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD JAN PY 2004 VL 339 IS 1-2 BP 199 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.09.017 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 764PH UT WOS:000188214900024 PM 14687911 ER PT J AU Kent, SM Coyle, LC Flaherty, PJ Markwood, TT Taylor, AJ AF Kent, SM Coyle, LC Flaherty, PJ Markwood, TT Taylor, AJ TI Marked low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction below Current National Cholesterol Education Program targets provides the greatest reduction in carotid atherosclerosis SO CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY EVENTS; PRAVASTATIN; TRIAL; PROGRESSION; DISEASE AB Background: Current National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines recognize low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) below 100 mg/dl as an optimal level. Evidence supporting this is scant. Both LDL-C and C reactive protein (CRP) are known correlates of atherosclerosis progression. Hypothesis: We examined the effect of final LDL-C and CRP obtained with statin therapy on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a valid surrogate for clinical benefit of lipid-lowering therapies. Methods: In a randomized, single-center trial, 161 patients were assigned to statin therapy of different potencies (pravastatin 40 mg, n = 82; atorvastatin 80 mg, n = 79). The effects on CIMT were assessed in relationship to LDL-C and CRP levels obtained after 12 months of therapy. Results: Changes in CIMT were directly related to the final LDL-C level obtained on statin therapy after 12 months (R = 0.219, p = 0.015). Carotid intima-media thickness regression was seen in 61% of the subjects in the lowest quartile of final LDL-C (< 70 mg/dl) versus 29% of the subjects with the highest quartile of final LDL-C (greater than or equal to 114 mg/dl, p = 0.008). No threshold value was seen, with more favorable effects on absolute change in CIMT with lower values of LDL-C (decrease in CIMT of 0.06 +/- 0.17 mm in the lowest quartile compared with an increase of 0.06 +/- 0.09 in the highest quartile of LDL-C, p = 0.008). On-treatment LDL and CRP concentrations both below the group median values were associated with the greatest likelihood of CIMT regression. Conclusions: Regression of carotid atherosclerosis is directly related to the absolute LDL-C level on statin therapy. The greatest regression was obtained with an LDL-C < 70 mg/dl, supporting marked LDL-C reduction to levels below current NCEP guidelines. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Room 4A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM allen.taylor@na.amedd.army.mil NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY PUBL CO PI MAHWAH PA PO BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0160-9289 J9 CLIN CARDIOL JI Clin. Cardiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1002/clc.4960270105 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 760WC UT WOS:000187857400004 PM 14743850 ER PT J AU Choma, TJ Kuklo, TR Islinger, RB Murphey, MD Temple, HT AF Choma, TJ Kuklo, TR Islinger, RB Murphey, MD Temple, HT TI Paget's disease of bone in patients younger than 40 years SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FAMILIAL EXPANSILE OSTEOLYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS; PARAMYXOVIRUSES; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; TNFRSF11A; SARCOMA; RANK AB Paget's disease of bone, although common in the United States, is relatively rare in patients younger than 40 years. In a large archival series, 10% of patients with Paget's disease of bone were younger than 40 years. Pain followed by pathologic fracture was the most common presenting complaint in this group of patients. There was no gender difference comparing the younger group with the older group of patients. Of the 521 patients in this series, only 10 were African-American; the others were Caucasians. Seven African-American patients were in the group of patients who were younger than 40 years. Appendicular and monostotic bone involvement was more frequent in the younger age group although these differences were not statistically significant. The incidence of malignant transformation in pagetic bone was high (30.3%), and is a reflection of the high volume of uncommon tumor referrals to our consultation service. However, there were no cases of associated malignancies in the group of patients younger than 40 years. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Washington, DC USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC USA. RP Temple, HT (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, D-27,POB 016960, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM htemple@med.miami.edu OI Choma, Theodore/0000-0002-9194-8563 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 IS 418 BP 202 EP 204 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 773FD UT WOS:000188886300033 PM 15043116 ER PT J AU Kanapady, R Tamma, KK AF Kanapady, R Tamma, KK TI An integrated design of generalized single step LMS time operators for nonlinear structural dynamics SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE linear multi-step methods; generalized integration operators; nonlinear structural dynamics ID IMPROVED NUMERICAL DISSIPATION; UNIFIED SET; ALGORITHMS; EQUATIONS; ENERGY AB An integrated design of generalized single step LMS methods for applications to nonlinear structural dynamics is described. The design of the mathematical framework encompasses all the traditional and new and recent optimal algorithms encompassing LMS methods, and readily permits the different a-form, v-form and d-form representations in a unique mathematical setting. As such, the theoretical developments and implementation aspects are detailed for subsequent applications to nonlinear structural dynamics problems. The developments naturally inherit a consistent treatment of nonlinear internal forces under the present umbrella of predictor multi-corrector generalized single step representations with a wide variety of algorithmic choices as options to the analyst. Within the scope of Dahlquist barrier theorem for LMS methods, the results indicate that, time integration operators with zero-order displacement and zero-order velocity overshoot behavior [UO-VO] perform ideally for general non-zero initial displacement and velocity conditions. Alternatively, for given initial displacement conditions the [U1-VO] methods could be used and for given initial velocity conditions the [UO-V1] methods could be used, although the [UO-VO] methods a ideal for aeneral situations. C1 Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Kanapady, R (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Dept Mech Engn, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM ramdev@me.umn.edu; ktamma@tc.umn.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI ENCINO PA 4924 BALBOA BLVD, # 488, ENCINO, CA 91316 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PY 2004 VL 6 IS 2 BP 189 EP 208 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 848JU UT WOS:000223464400006 ER PT J AU Chung, PW Namburu, RR Henz, BJ AF Chung, PW Namburu, RR Henz, BJ TI A lattice statics-based tangent-stiffness finite element method SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Computational Modeling of Materials CY AUG, 2001 CL PUERTO VALLARTA, MEXICO DE nanomechanics; multiscale modeling; lattice mechanics; continuum mechanics; finite element method ID COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; ATOMISTIC MODEL; CARBON; CRACK; SIMULATION; NANOTUBES; FILMS AB A method is developed based on an additive modification to the first Lagrangian elasticity tensor to make the finite element method for hyperelasticity viable at the atomic length scale in the context of lattice statics. Through the definition of an overlap region, the close-ranged atomic interaction energies are consistently summed over the boundary of each finite element. These energies are subsequently used to additively modify the conventional material property tensor that comes from the second derivative of the stored energy function. The summation over element boundaries, as opposed to atom clusters, allows the mesh and nodes to be defined independently from the atoms. The method is developed with a specific form of the Tersoff-Brenner potential for carbon. The method correctly predicts the in-plane deformation behavior of a single graphite sheet subjected to displacement boundary conditions. Estimated plane elasticity properties agree with experimental data from the literature. Quenched molecular dynamics results are used to validate the method for homogeneous and inhomogeneous loading constraints. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Res Lab, CISD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chung, PW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM pchung@arl.army.mil NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI ENCINO PA 4924 BALBOA BLVD, # 488, ENCINO, CA 91316 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 5 IS 1 BP 45 EP 62 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 771AG UT WOS:000188752000005 ER PT J AU Babushok, VI Miziolek, AW AF Babushok, VI Miziolek, AW TI Condensation flame of acetylene decomposition SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE soot; reaction mechanisms ID SOOT FORMATION; MECHANISM; ETHYLENE AB Acetylene decomposition flame propagation was numerically analyzed and was found to be the result of the condensation reaction. Condensation processes provide reaction heat and act as a driving force for C2H2 flame propagation. The kinetic model reasonably predicts the level of burning velocity of the acetylene decomposition flame. The model does not demonstrate the relatively strong positive pressure dependence of burning velocity as was observed experimentally in the work of Cummings et al. [Proc. Combust. Inst. 8 (1962) 503-510]. Heat-release kinetics demonstrates a two-stage process. The first stage corresponds to heat release due to benzene formation, and the second stage of heat release corresponds to soot inception and carbonization processes. It was demonstrated that the burning velocity is sensitive to the surface growing rate constant. The use of a simplified form of presentation of the surface growing process [P.R. Lindstedt, in: Soot Formation in Combustion: Mechanisms and Models, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/New York, 1994, pp. 417-441] represents positive thermal feedback in the heat generation in a flame reaction zone. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Babushok, VI (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babushok@nist.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2004 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.09.006 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 774JJ UT WOS:000188976100009 ER PT S AU Cheng, JRC Lin, HC Cheng, HP Hunter, RM Richards, DR Yeh, GT AF Cheng, JRC Lin, HC Cheng, HP Hunter, RM Richards, DR Yeh, GT BE Miller, CT Farthing, MW Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Parallelization of the WASH123D code - Phase I: 2-dimensional overland and 3-dimensional subsurface flows SO Computational Methods in Water Resources, Vols 1 and 2 SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Public Hlth AB The parallel WASH123D, which is supported by the DoD CHSSI (Department of Defense Common High Performance Computing Software Support Initiative), is designed to solve watershed problems on scalable computing systems. -kATASH123D is a first-principle, physics-based model to compute water flow and/or contaminant and sediment transport within a watershed system. In the WASH123D model, a watershed is conceptualized as a coupled system of one-dimensional (I-D) channel network, two-dimensional (2-D) overland regime, and three-dimensional (3-D) subsurface media. It aims to address the environmental issues concerning both water quantity and quality. To reach numerical solutions with reasonable and tolerable computer time for simulations that embrace large meshes, numerical algorithm improvement and code parallelization are two essential tasks. Mathematically, 1-D channel flow and 2-D overland flow are described with the St. Venant equations, which are solved with either the Semi-Lagrangian or the Eulerian finite element method. The 3-D subsurface flow is governed by the modified Richards equation, which is solved with the Eulerian finite element method. The contaminant transport and sediment transport equations, which are solved with the Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element method, are derived based on the mass conservation principle. A parallel in-element particle-tracking algorithm for unsteady flow is applied to backtrack fictitious particles from global nodes to determine the so-called Lagrangian values when the Semi-Lagrangian or the Lagrangian-Eulerian method is used. This paper addresses the parallelization of such a complex numerical model. In phase 1, tasks including data structure and software design, software tool development, as well as tool integration are accomplished. The 2- and 3-D flow modules are expected to be employed in the production stage. C1 USA, MSRC, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cheng, JRC (reprint author), USA, MSRC, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-51769-3 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2004 VL 55 BP 1403 EP 1414 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Water Resources GA BCE93 UT WOS:000228987900120 ER PT S AU Lin, HCJ Cheng, HP Edris, EV Yeh, GT AF Lin, HCJ Cheng, HP Edris, EV Yeh, GT BE Miller, CT Farthing, MW Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Modeling surface and subsurface hydrologic interactions in a south Florida watershed near the Biscayne Bay SO Computational Methods in Water Resources, Vols 1 and 2 SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Public Hlth AB Restoration of the South Florida ecosystem is a major undertaking for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the South Florida Water Management District. The Biscayne Bay Coastal,Wetlands (BBCW) Project is one component of more than 60 restoration plans and has a goal to restore or enhance freshwater wetlands. tidal wetlands. and near shore bay habitat. The primary purpose of the BBCW project is to redistribute runoff from the watershed into the Biscayne Bay, away from the canal discharges that exist today and provide E, more natural and historical overland flow through the existing and /or improved coastal wetlands. In an effort to restore wetlands, several structures, and management plans and scenarios are considered. One of the plans is to deliver fresh water from the existing canals through a shallow spreader swale system that is to distribute fresh water through wetlands into the Biscayne Bay. To achieve this, a tool is needed to design this complicated shallow spreader swale system. This paper presents how a spreader swale system. which includes 1D canal network routing, 2D overland flow, 3D subsurface flow. and flow, through the interface of any two sub-domains of the spreader system is simulated with the WASH123D computer code. Brief physics-based mathematical statements and numerical strategies of the model will be given. A hypothetical example that uses topographic data for the project area will be provided to demonstrate how, WASH123D can help the design of a spreader swale system. Some issues that concern the numerical convergence of the coupled flow, model will also be discussed in this paper. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Lin, HCJ (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-51769-3 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2004 VL 55 BP 1607 EP 1618 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Water Resources GA BCE93 UT WOS:000228987900137 ER PT J AU Glen, AG Leemis, LM Drew, JH AF Glen, AG Leemis, LM Drew, JH TI Computing the distribution of the product of two continuous random variables SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE algorithms; computational algebra systems; convolutions; probability AB We present an algorithm for computing the probability density function of the product of two independent random variables, along with an implementation of the algorithm in a computer algebra system. We combine this algorithm with the earlier work on transformations of random variables to create an automated algorithm for convolutions of random variables. Some examples demonstrate the algorithm's application. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Math, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Glen, AG (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Math, POB 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM aa1275@usma.edu; leemis@math.wm.edu; jhdrew@math.wm.edu NR 6 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 44 IS 3 BP 451 EP 464 AR PII S0167-9473(02)00234-7 DI 10.1016/S0167-9473(02)00234-7 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 760WW UT WOS:000187859100002 ER PT J AU Lavery, JE AF Lavery, JE TI Shape-preserving approximation of multiscale univariate data by cubic L-1 spline fits SO COMPUTER AIDED GEOMETRIC DESIGN LA English DT Article DE approximation; cubic spline; L-1 spline; L-2 spline; multiscale; shape preservation; smoothing spline; spline fit; univariate ID LINEAR-PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS; NOISY DATA; INTERPOLATION AB Spline fits are calculated by minimizing a data fitting functional over a manifold of splines. Smoothing splines are calculated by minimizing a linear combination of a data fitting functional and an interpolating spline functional. For multiscale data, that is, data with abrupt changes in magnitude and/or spacing, currently available spline fits and smoothing splines typically have extraneous oscillation. In this paper, we introduce a class of cubic L-1 spline fits that do not have extraneous oscillation. In contrast to conventional cubic spline fits, which are based on L-2 functionals (that is, on quadratic functionals, which consist of sums and integrals of squares), cubic L-1 splines are based on minimizing L-1 functionals (sums and integrals of absolute values). Cubic L-1 spline fits are calculated by a Lagrange-multiplier-based primal affine (interior point) algorithm. Cubic L-1 spline fits are compared with conventional L-2 cubic spline fits and with cubic L-1 and L-2 smoothing splines. Computational results indicate that L-1 spline fits preserve shape well, nearly as well as L-1 smoothing splines with good balance parameters and better than conventional L-2 spline fits and L-2 smoothing splines. L-1 spline fits are computationally more expensive than L-1 smoothing splines and considerably more expensive than L-2 spline fits and L-2 smoothing splines. However, L-1 spline fits require only half the storage required by smoothing splines and do not involve a balance parameter that is required by smoothing splines. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Div Math, Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lavery, JE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Div Math, Army Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM john.lavery2@us.army.mil NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8396 J9 COMPUT AIDED GEOM D JI Comput. Aided Geom. Des. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 43 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.cagd.2003.07.002 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 768NA UT WOS:000188548000004 ER PT J AU Stein, K Tezduyar, TE Benney, R AF Stein, K Tezduyar, TE Benney, R TI Automatic mesh update with the solid-extension mesh moving technique SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Japan-United States Symposium on Flow Simulation and Modeling CY MAY 29-31, 2002 CL Kyushu, JAPAN DE mesh moving; fluid-structure interactions; solid-extension mesh moving technique ID SPACE-TIME PROCEDURE; COMPUTATIONS; INTERFACES; BOUNDARIES; STRATEGY; FLOWS AB In computation of fluid-structure interactions involving large displacements, we use a mesh update method composed of mesh moving and remeshing-as-needed. For problems with complex geometries, we need automatic mesh moving techniques that reduce the need for remeshing. We also would like that these mesh moving techniques allow us to control mesh resolution near the fluid-structure interfaces so that we can represent the boundary layers more accurately. In the mesh moving techniques we designed, the motion of the nodes is governed by the equations of elasticity, and mesh deformation is handled selectively based on element sizes and deformation modes. This is helping us reduce the frequency of remeshing. With the solid-extension mesh moving technique presented in this paper, we are also able to limit mesh distortion in thin layers of elements placed near fluid-structure interfaces. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Bethel Coll, Dept Phys, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Stein, K (reprint author), Bethel Coll, Dept Phys, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. EM k-stein@bethel.edu; tezduyar@rice.edu; richard.benney@natick.army.mil RI Tezduyar, Tayfun/F-6134-2012 OI Tezduyar, Tayfun/0000-0001-8707-3162 NR 11 TC 95 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 21-22 BP 2019 EP 2032 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2003.12.046 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 815XD UT WOS:000221074100007 ER PT S AU Zoltani, CK Platoff, G Baskin, SI AF Zoltani, CK Platoff, G Baskin, SI GP IEEE TI Acquired brugada-like symptoms of cyanide caused cardiac toxicity: A computational study SO Computers in Cardiology 2004, Vol 31 SE COMPUTERS IN CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Scientific Meeting on Computers in Cardiology CY SEP 19-22, 2004 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Natl Inst Hlth, Evanston NW Healthcare, European Soc Cardiol ID MYOCYTES; ATP AB A high performance computational study of the cellular processes of ventricular cardiac tissue exposed to cyanide (CN) is presented The model used was based on the Luo-Rudy formalism with modifications. To account for the CN-caused changes, the model used ion concentrations based on published metabolic studies with CN used as a blocking agent. The model included a cell swelling-activated chloride current, and a membrane current activated by the decline in the ATP concentration. The calculations show the rise in the resting voltage and the connection between the abbreviated AP duration and the modulation in the pseudo-ECG. Similarities in the ECG of tissue affected by CN and tissue exhibiting the Brugada syndrome suggest that fundamental mechanism responsible for the generation of polymorphic VF observed in both cases share a commonality with implications for treatment. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zoltani, CK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0276-6574 BN 0-7803-8927-1 J9 COMPUT CARDIOL PY 2004 VL 31 BP 281 EP 284 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Computer Science; Engineering GA BCK53 UT WOS:000229753800071 ER PT S AU Katsis, D Wheeler, P Clare, J Zanchetta, P AF Katsis, D Wheeler, P Clare, J Zanchetta, P GP ieee TI A three-phase utility power supply based on the matrix converter SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2004 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: COVERING THEORY TO PRACTICE SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 03-07, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE matrix converter; vector control; offline power supply; space vector modulation AB A matrix converter and variable-speed diesel generator are integrated to create a three-phase utility power supply. The matrix converter is designed to meet tight harmonic and transient response requirements while allowing variable voltage and frequency input from the generator's permanent magnet alternator. This enables the generator to provide stable power over a range of engine speeds and load conditions. Test results for the 10 kW offline power supply are provided to demonstrate system performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Katsis, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. OI Clare, Jon/0000-0001-8243-4280 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-8486-5 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2004 BP 1447 EP 1451 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBE71 UT WOS:000225148600212 ER PT S AU Podlesak, TF Katsis, D Wheeler, PW Clare, JC Empringham, L Bland, A AF Podlesak, TF Katsis, D Wheeler, PW Clare, JC Empringham, L Bland, A GP ieee TI A 150kVA vector controlled matrix converter induction motor drive SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2004 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: COVERING THEORY TO PRACTICE SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 03-07, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE matrix converters; motor drives AB This paper describes the design, construction and testing of a 150kVA Closed Loop Vector Controlled Matrix Converter induction motor drive. The primary objective of this research effort is to evaluate the utility of the Matrix Converter in electric vehicle applications, primarily for motor control. A prototype converter has been built using 600Amp, 1400Volt IGBTs. Closed loop vector controlled has been implemented and tested using a 150HP induction motor load. This paper presents the design of this converter along with practical test results, representing the largest Matrix Converter built to date. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Podlesak, TF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. OI Clare, Jon/0000-0001-8243-4280 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-8486-5 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2004 BP 1811 EP 1816 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBE71 UT WOS:000225148600267 ER PT S AU Hale, PS Arno, RG Dylis, DD AF Hale, PS Arno, RG Dylis, DD GP ieee TI Reliability and availability data collection program for power distribution, power generation, and HVAC components of commercial, industrial, and utility installations SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2004 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: COVERING THEORY TO PRACTICE SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 03-07, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB This paper presents an effort to collect operational and maintenance data on 240 power generation, power distribution and Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) items, including gas turbine generators, diesel engine generators, electrical switchgear, cables, circuit breakers, boilers, piping, valves, pumps, motors and chillers. The data collection process and the resultant data are the subject of this paper. C1 USA, Corps Engineers Special Miss Off, PREP, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hale, PS (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers Special Miss Off, PREP, 10115 Gridley Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-8486-5 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2004 BP 2176 EP 2180 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBE71 UT WOS:000225148600318 ER PT B AU King, WC AF King, WC BE Spyra, WPW Winkelmann, K TI Disposal of rocket fuels stored at Alyat and Mingechevir depots, Azerbaijan SO CONVERSION OF LIQUID ROCKET FUELS: RISK ASSESSMENT, TECHNOLOGY AND TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR THE CONVERSION OF ABANDONED LIQUID BALLISTIC MISSILE PROPELLANTS (FUELS AND OXIDIZERS) IN AZERBAIJAN SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Conversion of Liquid Rocket Fuels CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2003 CL Baku, AZERBAIJAN SP NATO DE samine; melanj; neutralization isonite; Alyat; Mingevecir AB An Engineering Process for treatment of rocket fuels and oxidizers is developed. This process includes establishing design criteria, selecting alternatives for each waste stream, and evaluating each alternative versus each criteria for the design. Recommendations re presented for each of the five waste streams. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP King, WC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2379-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 162 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBF73 UT WOS:000225263600007 ER PT J AU Pitonzo, BJ Castro, P Amy, PS Southam, G Jones, DA Ringelberg, D AF Pitonzo, BJ Castro, P Amy, PS Southam, G Jones, DA Ringelberg, D TI Microbiologically influenced corrosion capability of bacteria isolated from Yucca Mountain SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE biofilm; exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria; iron-oxidizing bacteria; lipid analysis; microbiologically influenced corrosion; sulfate-reducing bacteria; Yucca Mountain AB Microorganisms, implicated in microbiologically influenced corrosion, were isolated from the deep subsurface at Yucca Mountain. Corrosion rates of iron-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing, and exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing bacteria were examined in constructed electrochemical corrosion cells for periods up to 109 days. The test system consisted of a 1020 carbon steel (CS) coupon immersed in soft R2A agar prepared with simulated groundwater. A 1% potassium chloride (KCl) bridge was used to connect the test to a reference calomel electrode and a potential was applied with a platinum counter electrode. The corrosion process was measured by polarization resistance methodology. Average corrosion rates were measured in milli-inches per year (mpy) against time. Purified cultures of EPS-producing bacteria and enrichment cultures of iron-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing bacteria were tested separately and in various combinations. An uninoculated control cell was prepared to assess abiotic corrosion. The corrosion rates peaked at 35 days at 1.2 mpy (control), 2.3 mpy (iron-oxidizing bacteria), 3.30 mpy (sulfate-reducing bacteria), and 2.8 mpy (EPS-producing bacteria) before stabilizing. Various microbial combinations demonstrated higher corrosion rates (3.1 mpy to 4.8 mpy) than single groups and peaked at 30 days. The results indicate that Yucca Mountain microorganisms, alone and in combination, are capable of causing corrosion of 1020 CS. Upon completion of these experiments, phospholipid fatty acid analysis detected all of the bacterial groups inoculated into the individual test systems, suggesting that biofilm development had occurred. The examination of mineralized biofilms on the CS surface with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM/EDXA) demonstrated that all of the bacterial groups promoted a generalized corrosion process; however, the corrosion experiments containing SRB were particularly effective in biofilm development and pitting. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON, Canada. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem & Met Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Amy, PS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RI Southam, Gordon/D-1983-2013 OI Southam, Gordon/0000-0002-8941-1249 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JAN PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1 BP 64 EP 74 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 765DQ UT WOS:000188252200003 ER PT J AU Castro, PR Amy, PS Jones, DA Southam, G Donald, R Ringelberg, DB AF Castro, PR Amy, PS Jones, DA Southam, G Donald, R Ringelberg, DB TI Effect of rock surfaces on the corrosion capability of Yucca Mountain bacteria SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE carbon steel; elevated temperature; biofilm; exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria; iron-oxidizing bacteria; microbiologically influenced corrosion; sulfate-reducing bacteria; Yucca Mountain ID DEEP SUBSURFACE; SOLID-SURFACES; MICROBIOLOGY; ATTACHMENT; STRATEGIES; SEDIMENT; BIOFILMS; STORAGE; GROWTH; WASTE AB The current research investigated whether the presence of a rock surface enhanced the ability of test microorganisms to survive elevated temperature and corrode carbon steel (CS). Microorganisms implicated in microbiologically influenced corrosion, in a combined consortium, were inoculated into an electrochemical cell composed of a 1020 CS coupon immersed in either soft agar or a mixture of sterile rock and soft agar prepared with simulated groundwater. Uninoculated electrochemical cells were prepared to monitor abiotic corrosion. Initial and weekly corrosion rates were obtained for the duration of the experiment. Upon completion of the experiment, exposed coupons were prepared for phospholipid fatty acid and microscopic analyses to assess microbial biomass and mineralized biofilm formation. Increased biomass and higher corrosion rates were observed in the R2A/rock microcosms. The results of this investigation show that a rock matrix enhances corrosion rates, biofilm formation, and the ability of these microorganisms to survive at elevated temperatures. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem & Met Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Amy, PS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RI Southam, Gordon/D-1983-2013 OI Southam, Gordon/0000-0002-8941-1249 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JAN PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 765DQ UT WOS:000188252200004 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF Susla, GM Kollef, MH AF Shorr, AF Susla, GM Kollef, MH TI Linezolid for treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A cost-effective alternative to vancomycin SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cost; cost-effectiveness; gram-positive; linezolid; pneumonia; vancomycin; ventilator ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA; RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; AGGRESSIVE CARE; HOSPITAL STAY; SEVERE SEPSIS; OUTCOMES; MORTALITY; HEALTH AB Objectives: To determine the incremental cost-effectiveness of linezolid compared with vancomycin for treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus. Design: Decision model analysis of the cost and efficacy of linezolid vs. vancomycin for treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness of linezolid in terms of cost per added quality-adjusted life-year gained. Other outcomes were the marginal costs per hospital survivor and per year of life saved generated by using linezolid. Model estimates were derived from prospective trials of linezolid for ventilator-associated pneumonia and from other studies describing the costs and outcomes for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Setting and Patients: Hypothetical cohort of 1,000 patients diagnosed with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Interventions: In the model, patients received either linezolid or vancomycin. Measurements and Main Results: The incremental cost-effectiveness of linezolid was calculated as the additional quality-adjusted life-years resulting from therapy with linezolid divided by the sum of the incremental costs arising because of use of linezolid (e.g., higher direct costs for linezolid, costs per in-hospital care of survivors, and posthospitalization costs). Despite its higher cost, linezolid was cost-effective for treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The cost per quality-adjusted life-year equals approximately $30,000. The model was moderately sensitive to the estimated efficacy of linezolid over vancomycin. Nonetheless, even with all inputs simultaneously skewed against, linezolid remains a cost-effective option (cost per quality-adjusted life-year approximately $100,000). Based on Monte Carlo simulation, the results of our analysis are robust across a range of model inputs and assumptions (95% confidence interval for cost per quality-adjusted life-year ranges from $23,637 to $42,785). Conclusions: Linezolid is a cost-effective alternative to vancomycin for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Voluntary Hosp Assoc Amer, N Potomac, MD USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Barnes Jewish Hosp, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, St Louis, MO USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 37 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000104110.74657.25 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 765YN UT WOS:000188318800019 PM 14707572 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J AF Szebeni, J TI Hypersensitivity reactions to radiocontrast media: The role of complement activation SO CURRENT ALLERGY AND ASTHMA REPORTS LA English DT Review ID RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST-MEDIA; ANAPHYLATOXIN; COAGULATION; GENERATION; INJURY; AGENTS AB Although intravenous use of radiocontrast media (RCM) for a variety of radiographic procedures is generally safe, clinically significant acute hypersensitivity reactions still occur in a significant percentage of patients. The mechanism of these anaphylactoid, or "pseudoallergic," reactions is complex, involving complement activation, direct degranulation of mast cells and basophils, and modulation of enzymes and proteolytic cascades in plasma. In this review, basic information on different RCMs and their reactogenicity is summarized and updated, and the prevalence, pathomechanism, prediction, prevention, treatment, and economic impact of hypersensitivity reactions are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the in vitro and in vivo evidence supporting complement activation as an underlying cause of RCM reactions. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Szebeni, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, 501 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM janos.szebeni@na.amedd.army.mil NR 41 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT SCIENCE INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 400 MARKET STREET, STE 700, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1529-7322 J9 CURR ALLERGY ASTHM R JI Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1007/s11882-004-0038-9 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 949SA UT WOS:000230807200003 PM 14680617 ER PT B AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH BE Metivier, H Arranz, L Gallego, E Sugier, A TI Laser radiation protection SO CURRENT TRENDS IN RADIATION PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Congress of the International-Radiation-Protection-Association CY MAY 23-28, 2004 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP Int Radiat Protect Assoc AB Lasers have found widespread use in industry science and medicine. In consumer products, they are engineered to be completely safe, and are placed in a no-risk hazard category referred to as Class 1. Class 2 lasers are generally safe when properly used as alignment devices and pointers, Class 3 laser products pose an eye hazard and Class 4 lasers may pose additional hazards, such is a fire hazard or 2 significant hazard to the skin. In recent years, two new hazard classes have been developed to better cite the potential hazards from optically aided viewing. Laser hazard controls must be employed by the user for Class 3 and 4 laser products and become more stringent for the higher class. Special controls are required in several application areas, such as laser material processing and surgery. Eye protection is required when laser beams are accessible in the open. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 2-86883-725-5 PY 2004 BP 185 EP 197 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBM59 UT WOS:000226219600015 ER PT S AU Watts, RJ Porter, A Minsk, B AF Watts, RJ Porter, A Minsk, B BE Zanasi, A Ebecken, NFF Brebbia, CA TI Automated text mining comparison of Japanese and USA multi-robot research SO DATA MINING V: DATA MINING, TEXT MINING AND THEIR BUSINESS APPLICATIONS SE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Data Mining CY SEP 15-17, 2004 CL Malaga, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol DE text mining; expectancy measure; principal components analysis; factor mapping; principal components decomposition; multi-robot research; VantagePoint; visualization of statistical measures AB Wouldn't it be nice to automatically categorize documented research to distinguish organizational R&D emphases? For example, in the area of multirobot research, one could surmise that Japanese sources have less emphasis than expected on biological approaches and reconfigurable robots, and more emphasis than expected on human-robot interface, motion coordination and robot learning. Development and analysis of such a capability comprises the subject of this paper. Over the past decade, we have been developing a software tool for text analysis and classification, the Technology Opportunities Analysis of Scientific Information System (Tech OASIS). The Tech OASIS tool suite contains two information clustering algorithms, both of which evolved from principle components analysis (PCA). Based on the terms contained in an abstracts record field (e.g., abstract noun phrases, keywords, class codes, etc.), Tech OASIS generates topical clusters. We have now developed a capability to assess expectancy (i.e. binomial distribution likelihood) of occurrences. We demonstrate the derived analysis technique on the abstracts of 354 multi-robot research papers, principally, those from Japanese and USA sources. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Watts, RJ (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, 6501 E 11 Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RI porter, alan/A-7013-2009 OI porter, alan/0000-0002-4520-6518 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1470-6326 BN 1-85312-729-9 J9 MANAG INFORMAT SYST PY 2004 VL 10 BP 61 EP 74 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BBO45 UT WOS:000226691500007 ER PT J AU Perovich, DK Elder, BC Claffey, KJ Stammerjohn, S Smith, R Ackley, SF Krouse, HR Gow, AJ AF Perovich, DK Elder, BC Claffey, KJ Stammerjohn, S Smith, R Ackley, SF Krouse, HR Gow, AJ TI Winter sea-ice properties in Marguerite Bay, Antarctica SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WEDDELL-SEA; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; SNOW-COVER; KRILL; FLUX; COMMUNITIES; PERCOLATION; ECOLOGY; BIOTA AB During the winter 2001 and 2002 cruises of the SO-GLOBEC experiment, we investigated the morphological properties, growth processes, and internal permeability of sea ice in the Marguerite Bay area of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. There was considerable interannual variability in ice thickness with, average values of 62 cm in 2001 and 102 cm in 2002, with medians of 43 and 68 cm, respectively. Snow depth averaged 16 cm in 2001 and 21 cm in 2002. At 40% of the thickness holes in 2001 and 17% in 2002, a combination of deep snow and thin ice resulted in negative freeboard and the potential for surface flooding. Ice production was strongly influenced by the snow cover. Deep snow resulted in negative freeboard, surface flooding, and the formation of snow ice, but also limited columnar ice growth on the bottom of the ice. A stratigraphic analysis of ice thin sections showed that more than half of the ice sampled was granular and that virtually all of the upper 20 cm of the ice cover was granular. Stable isotope (6180) analysis of samples from 2001 indicated that snow-ice formation at the surface contributed significantly to ice formation. Two-thirds of the cores had some snow-ice and 15% of the ice sampled in 2001 was snow-ice. For 95% of the ice sampled the combination of warm ice temperatures and large salinities resulted in brine volumes that were greater than the percolation threshold of 5%. Autonomous mass balance buoys indicated that the ice was above the percolation threshold throughout late winter and spring. The exceeding of the percolation threshold allows continuous flooding to occur throughout the late winter-spring period. The WAP sea-ice therefore represents a warm "end-member" of the sea-ice covers of Antarctica. An expected consequence of the lengthy flooding condition at the snow/ice interface is an earlier onset of an algal bloom in the flooded snow than elsewhere in Antarctic sea ice. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Perovich, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM perovich@crrel.usace.army.mil OI STAMMERJOHN, SHARON/0000-0002-1697-8244 NR 46 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 17-19 BP 2023 EP 2039 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.07.024 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 883VZ UT WOS:000226045100007 ER PT J AU Thompson, GA AF Thompson, GA TI Determining the slow crack growth parameter and weibull two-parameter estimates of bilaminate disks by constant disp lacement-rate flexural testing SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ceramic; failure origin; fractography; in-ceram alumina; flexural test; laminate; equibiaxial test; dental materials; dynamic fatigue; fatigue ID DISSIMILAR ELASTIC-MATERIALS; FELDSPATHIC PORCELAIN; STRENGTH; FATIGUE; DEFLECTION; INTERFACE; CERAMICS; FRACTURE AB Objectives. This study examined the influence of displacement-rate and relative layer heights (RLH) on the slow crack growth exponent and Weibull two-parameter estimates of bilayered ceramic composite disks composed of In-Ceram Alumina and Vitadur Alpha porcelain. Methods. Equibiaxial disks were fabricated with RLH of 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1, for InCeram Alumina and Vitadur Alpha porcelain, respectively. Ninety specimens each (30 1:2, 30 1:1, and 30 2:1) were tested in an equibiaxial ring-on-ring testing apparatus at displacement-rates of 0.127, 1.27 and 12.7 mm min(-1). Results. Weibull parameters were statistically significantly affected by changes in RLH at a constant displacement-rate and the stow crack growth parameters were significantly affected by RLH. Many specimens exhibited nonbrittle failure modes. Nonbrittle failures usually exhibited a fall, followed by a rise in Load prior to catastrophic failure, and most occurred in specimens with thicker cores at low displacement-rates. Significance. Geometries of layered materials may affect their reliability and longevity. (C) 2003 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Dent Res Detachment, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Thompson, GA (reprint author), USA, Dent Res Detachment, 310B B St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM geoffrey.thompson@na.amedd.army.mil NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0109-5641(03)00068-X PG 12 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 773CN UT WOS:000188880300008 PM 14698774 ER PT S AU O'Neill, K Won, I Oren, A Chen, CC Youn, HS Chen, XD Sun, KL AF O'Neill, K Won, I Oren, A Chen, CC Youn, HS Chen, XD Sun, KL BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Data diversity for UXO discrimination in realistic settings with a handheld EMI sensor SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AB Electromagnetic induction sensing (EMI), between similar to10's of Hz and 100's of kHz, may show the strongest promise for discrimination of subsurface, shallow metallic objects such as unexploded ordnance (UXO). While EMI signals penetrate the soil readily, resolution is low and responses are sometimes ambiguous. For crucial discrimination progress, maximum data diversity is desirable in terms of look angles, frequency spectrum, and full vector scattered field data. Newly developed instrumentation now offers the possibility of full vector UWB EMI data with flexible look angle and sensor distance/sweep, defined by precise laser positioning. Particulars of the equipment and resulting data are displayed. An indication is given of potential advantages for reducing the chronic ill-conditioning of inversion calculations with EMI data, when one takes advantage of the data diversity made possible by the instrumental advances. Some EMI measurement issues cannot be solved by EMI data diversity, as when small surface clutter above a much larger UXO effectively blinds an EMI sensor. EMI surveying must be supplemented by or sometimes replaced by ground penetrating radar (GPR) approaches in such instances. C1 ERDC, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP O'Neill, K (reprint author), ERDC, CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5338-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5415 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1117/12.542183 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB07 UT WOS:000224464100026 ER PT S AU Black, C McMichael, I Nelson, C AF Black, C McMichael, I Nelson, C BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Multi-mode electromagnetic target discriminator: Preliminary data results SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE EMI sensor; electromagnetic induction; METD; landmine detection ID WIDE BANDWIDTH; SENSOR; MINES AB This paper describes the Multi-mode Electromagnetic Target Discriminator (METD) sensor and presents preliminary results from recent field experiments. The METD sensor was developed for the US Army RDECOM NVESD by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The METD, based on the technology of the previously developed Electromagnetic Target Discriminator (ETD), is a spatial scanning electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor that uses both the time-domain (TD) and the frequency-domain (FD) for target detection and classification. Data is collected with a custom data acquisition system and wirelessly transmitted to a base computer. We show that the METD has a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the ability to detect voids created by plastic anti-tank (AT) mines, and is practical for near real-time data processing. C1 US Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Black, C (reprint author), US Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5338-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5415 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1117/12.565912 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB07 UT WOS:000224464100029 ER PT S AU Reidy, DM Walls, R Lee, C AF Reidy, DM Walls, R Lee, C BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Effects of soil magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity on electromagnetic detection of landmines SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE soils; magnetic susceptibility; electrical conductivity; landmines; probability of detection AB Newer detectors are growing in capability to discriminate those signals measured over mines from those signals that can be causally related to local variations in the soil. Monitoring and measuring the key properties governing these local variations are being looked at increasingly as a means to predict performance measures for given detectors, as well as to counter the occurrence of such signals in an effort to minimize false alarms. Currently, an ongoing government research project working to develop enhancements to the Handheld Standoff Mine Detection System (HSTAMIDS) technology resulted in a series of data collections acquired in four different types of soil environments: 1) temperate/loamy, 2) temperate/grassy/gravel, 3) arid/gravel/sand, and 4) tropical/laterite. At each of these locations, data was collected using the HSTAMIDS technology to provide a range of environmental conditions against which the performance of this handheld detector could be assessed. This project is obtaining similar electrical and magnetic measurements in these areas to use these measurements to monitor any changes in detection performance that might be introduced due to local soil variations, as well as to provide a preliminary estimate of the robustness of future HSTAMIDS detection enhancements across a variety of environments. C1 USA, RDECOM CERDEC, ATTN AMSRD CER NV CM HD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Reidy, DM (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, ATTN AMSRD CER NV CM HD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5338-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5415 BP 658 EP 664 DI 10.1117/12.541515 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB07 UT WOS:000224464100066 ER PT S AU Mason, GL AF Mason, GL BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI An evaluation of soil moisture models for countermine application SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE minefields; soil type; moisture; models; temperature; coupled AB The focus of this study is the evaluation of emerging soil moisture models as they apply to infrared, radar, and acoustic sensors within the scope of countermine operations. Physical, chemical, and biological processes changing the signature of the ground are considered. The available models were not run in-house, but were evaluated by the theory by which they were constructed and the supporting documentation. The study was conducted between September and October of 2003 and represents a subset of existing models. The objective was to identify those models suited for simulation, define the general constraints of the models, and summarize the emerging functionalities which would support sensor modeling for mine detection. C1 Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Mason, GL (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5338-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5415 BP 716 EP 721 DI 10.1117/12.543437 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB07 UT WOS:000224464100071 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Ressler, M Soumekh, M AF Nguyen, L Ressler, M Soumekh, M BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Signal processing and image formation using low-frequency ultra-wideband radar data SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; UWB; RFI; image formation; mine detection ID SAR AB In support of the U.S. Army Night Vision And Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD), the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has developed infrastructures, tools, and algorithms to evaluate the data set. This paper focuses on the signal processing and image formation using data from a low-frequency ultra-wideband sensor. We examine various issues that are associated with this class of SAR databases such as radio frequency interference (RFI), the effects of spectral notches, and errors in motion measurement to image quality. We show the pre-processing steps such as frequency and phase calibration, radio frequency interference extraction. We also show the application of digital spotlight technique to correct motion errors introduced by the measurement system. Finally, we show the resulting SAR imagery of various minefields. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SERU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SERU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5338-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5415 BP 1053 EP 1064 DI 10.1117/12.543897 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB07 UT WOS:000224464100106 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Khatri, H Nguyen, L AF Ranney, K Khatri, H Nguyen, L BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI SAR prescreener enhancement through multi-look processing SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has recently examined single-polarity, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected in spotlight mode at X band as part of an effort to identify land mines in radar imagery. This data set consists of several single-polarization, extremely high-resolution, spotlight-mode SAR images from multiple passes over a common target area that includes various reference reflectors as well as the landmines. In earlier investigations at Ku band, we observed that a multi-look averaging scheme could enhance the contrast between mines and background clutter. In the most recent investigation, we hypothesize that a similar behavior would be present in the X band imagery, and we demonstrate how the enhanced contrast from multi-look processing leads to improved prescreener performance under certain conditions. Results are presented in the form of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for different several different prescreener parameter settings. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SERU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SERU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5338-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5415 BP 1065 EP 1072 DI 10.1117/12.542185 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB07 UT WOS:000224464100107 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Khatri, H AF Ranney, K Khatri, H BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI A sub-optimal, yet effective, non-coherent change detection algorithm for multi-look SAR imagery SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB ne Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has examined single-polarity, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected in spotlight mode at X band as part of an effort to identify land mines in radar imagery. This data set consisted of several single-polarization, extremely high-resolution, spotlight-mode SAR images from multiple passes over a common target area that included various reference reflectors as well as the landmines. In particular, certain mines were placed in the scene for only a portion of the data collection, creating an opportunity for the investigation of various change detection algorithms. We describe a suboptimal, yet effective, change detection algorithm based on a Mahalanobis-like distance metric, and we apply it to a recently collected SAR data set. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SERU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SERU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5338-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5415 BP 1073 EP 1083 DI 10.1117/12.542230 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB07 UT WOS:000224464100108 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Wong, D Ranney, K AF Nguyen, L Wong, D Ranney, K BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Mine detection performance evaluation for NVESD SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; phenomenology; modeling; computational electromagnetic ID SCATTERING AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has recently adapted tools and algorithms-developed as part of mission efforts-to support the U.S. Army Night Vision And Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) in its attempt to determine the capability of various sensors to detect small metal and plastic mines in various clutter environments. Images from different sensors and detection results from various processing algorithms can be imported into the ARL evaluation environment for quick visualization, analysis, and performance evaluation. This paper describes the capability of this "environment" and describes how it enables us to quickly assess mine detection performance using data obtained from various sensors. The paper also discusses recent findings from these data collections and the impact that may have on detection performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SERU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SERU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5338-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5415 BP 1106 EP 1117 DI 10.1117/12.544284 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB07 UT WOS:000224464100111 ER PT S AU Walls, R Reidy, DM Lee, C AF Walls, R Reidy, DM Lee, C BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Baseline signature data for multisensor (EM/GPR) algorithmic development SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; HSTAMIDS; AN/PSS-14; multisensor; signature data; algorithms AB A government-funded effort was initiated to further develop algorithms based on the technology used in the U.S. Army's latest handheld standoff mine detection system (HSTAMIDS). To this end, a complete multisensor (EM/GPR) baseline signature data set was acquired in the spring of 2003 over targets of interest for landmine detection. These were provided at a government-run test site in the eastern U.S. where hundreds of buried inert mines and discrete clutter objects are available for such signature measurements. Bringing the HSTAMIDS detector technology to this site, in conjunction with a tethered data acquisition hardware and platforms, resulted in a complete baseline multisensor signature data collection. Due to the multisensor nature of the HSTAMIDS technology, the properties of this data collection include total and real-time collocation of electromagnetic and radar sensors. Processed examples of signatures of objects of interest from this baseline signature data set are presented here, along with a summary of the use to which this data set has been put so far. The means for future requests for access to the baseline data set by individual researchers for further algorithm work are also detailed. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, ATTN, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Walls, R (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, ATTN, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5338-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5415 BP 1240 EP 1250 DI 10.1117/12.541520 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB07 UT WOS:000224464100124 ER PT S AU Zakikhani, M Harrelson, DW Pennington, JC Brannon, JM Corcoran, MK Clark, J Sniffen, WA AF Zakikhani, M Harrelson, DW Pennington, JC Brannon, JM Corcoran, MK Clark, J Sniffen, WA BE Latini, G Passerini, G Brebbia, CA TI Environmental impact assessment of selected explosives using field techniques, analytical laboratory and numerical models SO DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF COMPUTER TECHNIQUES TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES X SE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Development and Application of Computer Techniques to Environmental Studies CY JUN 02-04, 2004 CL Ancona, ITALY SP Wessex Inst Technol, Polytech Univ Marche AB Environmental impacts of sites contaminated with explosives have raised considerable concerns in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Assessment of risks and cleanup of these sites are required for protection of human health and the environment. Monitored natural attenuation (MNA) is a potential and cost-effective remedial alternative for explosives-contaminated groundwater at sites where a decline in contaminant mass can be demonstrated to occur at a rate sufficient to ensure the protection of potential receptors. The objective of this study was to provide a technical basis for a systematic measuring strategy for natural attenuation at sites contaminated with explosives. The data collection and processing procedures for evaluation, selection, and implementation of MNA for explosives took a two-year demonstration project followed by long-term monitoring. The sources of contamination (lagoons) had been removed and treated, but groundwater contamination remained. The sampling at the site included groundwater collection from thirty wells quarterly and soil sampling using the direct push technology tools. These data have been used to refine the conceptualization of the site hydrogeology and to collect aquifer material to further support site characterization. The samples have been analyzed for explosives and explosive transformation products and were used in the investigation of microbial biomarker techniques for tracking attenuation processes. A conceptual model of the contaminant plume was developed and a three-dimensional numerical model was used to predict future plume migration and mass. The results are promising and indicate that natural attenuation is a viable remediation option for the site. C1 USA, Ctr Res & Dev ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Zakikhani, M (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res & Dev ERDC, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6098 BN 1-85312-718-3 J9 ENVIRON ST PY 2004 VL 11 BP 71 EP 86 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAT69 UT WOS:000223504600008 ER PT S AU Chandrasekaran, B Kurup, U Banerjee, B Josephson, JR Winkler, R AF Chandrasekaran, B Kurup, U Banerjee, B Josephson, JR Winkler, R BE Blackwell, A Marriott, K Shimojima, A TI An architecture for problem solving with diagrams SO DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION AND INFERENCE SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Diagrams CY MAR 22-24, 2004 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Cognit Sci Soc, USN Off Naval Res, Engn & Phys Sci REs Council ID GEOMETRY AB In problem solving a goal/subgoal is either solved by generating needed information from current information, or further decomposed into additional subgoals. In traditional problem solving, goals, knowledge, and problem states are all modeled as expressions composed of symbolic predicates, and information generation is modeled as rule application based on matching of symbols. In problem solving with diagrams on the other hand, an additional means of generating information is available, viz., by visual perception on diagrams. A subgoal is solved opportunistically by whichever way of generating information is successful. Diagrams are especially effective because certain types of information that is entailed by given information is explicitly available - as emergent objects and emergent relations - for pickup by visual perception. We add to the traditional problem solving architecture a component for representing the diagram as a configuration of diagrammatic objects of three basic types, point, curve and region; a set of perceptual routines that recognize emergent objects and evaluate a set of generic spatial relations between objects; and a set of action routines that create or modify the diagram. We discuss how domain-specific capabilities can be added on top of the generic capabilities of the diagram system. The working of the architecture is illustrated by means of an application scenario. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Chandra@cis.ohio-state.edu; kurup@cis.ohio-state.edu; banerjee@cis.ohio-state.edu; jj@cis.ohio-state.edu; winkler@arl.army.mil NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21268-X J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2004 VL 2980 BP 151 EP 165 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BY88M UT WOS:000189486500016 ER PT J AU McDonough, JH Benjamin, A McMonagle, JD Rowland, T Shih, TM AF McDonough, JH Benjamin, A McMonagle, JD Rowland, T Shih, TM TI Effects of fosphenytoin on nerve agent-induced Status epilepticus SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nerve agent; soman; anticonvulsant; seizures; status epilepticus; fosphenytoin; phenytoin; diazepam ID CONVULSIVE STATUS EPILEPTICUS; ANTICONVULSANT TREATMENT; INDUCED NEUROPATHOLOGY; INDUCED SEIZURE; POISONED RATS; SOMAN; EFFICACY; BRAIN; DIAZEPAM; MECHANISMS AB This study evaluated the effectiveness of fosphenytoin as a single or adjunctive anticonvulsant treatment for nerve agent-induced status epilepticus. Guinea pigs, implanted with cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) recording electrodes, were pretreated with pyridostigmine bromide (0.026 mg/kg, intramuscular (IM)) 30 min before challenge with 56 mug/kg, subcutaneous (SC), (2 x LD50) of the nerve agent soman. One min after soman, the animals were treated (IM) with 2 mg/kg atropine sulfate admixed with 25 mg/kg of the oxime 2-pralidoxime chloride, and the EEG was observed for seizure onset. When administered (intraperitoneal, IP) therapeutically 5 min after seizure onset, only the highest fosphenytoin dose (180 mg/kg) was capable of terminating seizure activity in 50% of the animals tested (3 of 6). When fosphenytoin (18 - 180 mg/kg) was administered as a pretreatment, IP, 30 min before soman challenge, seizures were blocked or terminated in a dose-dependent fashion (ED50 = 61.8 mg/kg 40.5-94.7 mg/kg = 95% confidence limits). Combinations of diazepam and fosphenytoin were also tested for effectiveness. No dose of fosphenytoin (18-56 mg/kg), given in conjunction with a fixed dose of diazepam (4.8 mg/kg, IM) 5 min after seizure onset, enhanced the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam. When fosphenytoin (18 or 32 mg/kg, IP) was given as a pretreatment and diazepam was given 5 min after seizure onset, the 32 mg/kg dose of fosphenytoin significantly reduced the time for seizure control. These studies show that fosphenytoin, either alone or in combination with diazepam, has little or no therapeutic anticonvulsant effectiveness for nerve agent-induced status epilepticus. C1 USA, Army Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP McDonough, JH (reprint author), USA, Army Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd,Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM john.mcdonough@apg.amedd.army.mil NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1081/DCT-120021895 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 800QG UT WOS:000220042200003 PM 15038246 ER PT J AU Adams, TK Capacio, BR Smith, JR Whalley, CE Korte, WD AF Adams, TK Capacio, BR Smith, JR Whalley, CE Korte, WD TI The application of the fluoride reactivation process to the detection of sarin and Soman nerve agent exposures in biological samples SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aarin and soman assay; fluoride reactivation; carboxylesterase; Guinea pigs and monkeys ID PINACOLYL METHYLPHOSPHONOFLUORIDATE; 1,2,2-TRIMETHYLPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONOFLUORIDATE; RETROSPECTIVE DETECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RAT; TOXICITY; CARBOXYLESTERASE; CHOLINESTERASE; STEREOISOMERS; METABOLITES AB The fluoride reactivation process was evaluated for measuring the level of sarin or soman nerve agents reactivated from substrates in plasma and tissue from in vivo exposed guinea pigs (Cava porcellus), in blood from in vivo exposed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and in spiked human plasma and purified human albumin. Guinea pig exposures ranged from 0.05 to 44 LD(50), and reactivated nerve agent levels ranged from 1.0 ng/mL in plasma obtained from 0.05 LD(50) sarin-exposed guinea pigs to an average of 147 ng/g in kidney tissue obtained from two 2.0 LD(50) soman-exposed guinea pigs. Positive dose-response relationships were observed in all low-level, 0.05 to 0.4 LD(50), exposure studies. An average value of 2.4 ng/mL for reactivated soman was determined in plasma obtained from two rhesus monkeys three days after a 2 LD(50) exposure. Of the five types of guinea pig tissue studied, plasma, heart, liver, kidney and lung, the lung and kidney tissue yielded the highest amounts of reactivated agent. In similar tissue and with similar exposure procedures, reactivated soman levels were greater than reactivated sarin levels. Levels of reactivated agents decreased rapidly with time while the guinea pig was alive, but decreased much more slowly after death, This latter chemical stability should facilitate forensic retrospective identification. The high level of reactivated agents in guinea pig samples led to the hypothesis that the principal source of reactivated agent came from the agent-carboxylesterase adduct. However, there could be contributions front adducts of the cholinesterases, albumin and fibrous tissue, as well. Quantitative analysis was performed with a GC-MS system using selected ion monitoring of the 99 and 125 ions for sarin and the 99 and 126 ions for soman. Detection levels were as low as 0.5 ng/mL. The assay was precise and easy to perform, and has potential for exposure analysis from organophosphate nerve agents and pesticides in other animal species. C1 USA, Army Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Capacio, BR (reprint author), USA, Army Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM benedict.capacio@amedd.army.mil NR 24 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 13 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1081/DCT-120027901 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 800QG UT WOS:000220042200007 PM 15038250 ER PT J AU Capacio, BR Byers, CE Merk, KA Smith, JR McDonough, JH AF Capacio, BR Byers, CE Merk, KA Smith, JR McDonough, JH TI Pharmacokinetic studies of intramuscular midazolam in guinea pigs challenged with soman SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intramuscular; midazolam; benzodiazepine; anticonvulsant(s) ID INDUCED SEIZURE ACTIVITY; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; DIAZEPAM; CONVULSIONS; PROTECTION; METHYLPHOSPHONOFLUORIDATE; PHARMACOLOGY; PRETREATMENT; METABOLISM; COMPOUND AB Studies have demonstrated that benzodiazepine compounds are effective at antagonizing seizure activity produced by the organophosphate (OP) cholinesterase inhibitor soman. In this present study we have investigated the pharmacokinetics of midazolam and its associated effects on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity following intramuscular (im) injection to soman-exposed guinea pigs (Crl:(HA)BR). Prior to experiments, the animals were surgically implanted with EEG leads to monitor seizure activity. For the study, animals were administered the following pretreatment/CP/treatment regimen. Pyridostigmine bromide (0.026 mg/kg, im) was given 30 min prior to soman (56 mug/kg, 2 x LD50; subcutaneously, sc), followed in one minute by atropine sulfate (2 mg/kg, im) and pralidoxime chloride (25 mg/kg, im). All animals receiving this regimen developed seizure activity. Midazolam 0.8 mg/kg, im, was administered 5 min after onset of seizure activity. Based on EEG data, animals were categorized as either seizure-terminated or seizure not-terminated at 30 min following anticonvulsant administration. Serial blood samples were collected for the plasma midazolam analysis; the assay was accomplished with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. The mean time to seizure termination was 8.8 +/- 1.6 min. The mean time-plasma concentration data were fit to standard pharmacokinetic models. The following parameter estimates were determined from the model-fit for seizure terminated and not-terminated animals respectively: apparent volumes of distribution (Vd) were 1.4 and 1.7 l/kg; area under the time-concentration curves (AUC), 15,990 and 15,120 ng(.)min/ml; times to maximal plasma concentration (T-max), 1.66 and 2.91 min and maximal plasma concentrations (C-max) 535.1 and 436.6 ng/ml. These data indicate that im injection of midazolam is effective at terminating ongoing soman-induced seizure activity. Additionally, the relatively short T-max and latency to seizure termination demonstrate the rapidity of drug absorption and action respectively. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Capacio, BR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM benedict.capacio@amedd.army.mil OI Smith, James/0000-0001-8805-3788 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 95 EP 110 DI 10.1081/DCT-120030727 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 824DC UT WOS:000221663400001 PM 15198070 ER PT J AU Rogers, CJ AF Rogers, Cliford J. BE Mortimer, G TI The Medieval Legacy SO EARLY MODERN MILITARY HISTORY, 1450-1815 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rogers, CJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-23052-398-2 PY 2004 BP 6 EP 24 D2 10.1057/9780230523982 PG 19 WC History SC History GA BPZ65 UT WOS:000280441100002 ER PT J AU Kuperman, RG Checkai, RT Simini, M Phillips, CT AF Kuperman, RG Checkai, RT Simini, M Phillips, CT TI Manganese toxicity in soil for Eisenia fetida, Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta), and Folsomia candida (Collembola) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Earthworm Ecotoxicology CY AUG 26-29, 2001 CL UNIV AARHUS, AARHUS, DENMARK SP Inst Terrestrial Ecol, Natl Environm Res Inst, Univ Aarhus, Inst Biol HO UNIV AARHUS DE earthworm; enchytraeid worm; collembola; manganese toxicity; Ecological Soil Screening Level; Eco-SSL ID PLANT; REPRODUCTION; IRON AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is developing Ecological Soil Screening Level (Eco-SSL) benchmarks for ecological risk assessment (ERA) of contaminants at Superfund sites. Eco-SSLs are developed from published values whenever sufficient quantity and quality of data exist. Because insufficient information was available to generate an Eco-SSL for Mn, standardized toxicity testing was undertaken to fill the data gaps. Tests included the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) cocoon production test, the enchytraeid (Enchytraeus crypticus) reproduction test, and the collembolan (Folsomia candida) reproduction test, all conducted in Sassafras sandy loam soil that supports a relatively high bioavailability of metals. Weathering and aging of manganese-amended soil were carried Out to more closely simulate exposure effects at Superfund sites on soil invertebrates. Data were analyzed by nonlinear regression to determine EC20 and EC50 values based on concentration-response relationships. The toxicity order for manganese in Sassafras sandy loam was E. crypticus > E. fetida > F. candida, with EC20 values of 116, 629, and 1209 mg kg(-1), respectively. The Eco-SSL requirement for the testing of multiple representative species is well justified. All study results will be submitted to the Eco-SSL Task Group for quality control review prior to inclusion in the Eco-SSL database. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,TE E5641 DR KUPERMAN, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Kuperman, RG (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,TE E5641 DR KUPERMAN, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Kuperman, Roman/D-4297-2009 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 57 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.08.010 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 758KR UT WOS:000187634000007 PM 14659366 ER PT B AU Lanham, MJ Hill, JMD Phillips, CE Blair, JRS AF Lanham, MJ Hill, JMD Phillips, CE Blair, JRS TI Developing an undergraduate distributed applications course for multiple target populations SO EISTA '04: International Conference on Education and Information Systems: Technologies and Applications, Vol, 2, Proceedings: EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Education and Information Systems - Technologies and Application CY JUL 21-25, 2004 CL Orlando, FL DE capstone course; web development; distributed application development; web-based application development AB This paper describes an undergraduate Distributed Application Engineering course whose design serves several curricula and missions at the United States Military Academy. The course's primary goals for students are to understand the components of distributed applications and to practice the design, construction, testing, and deployment of a distributed application. The course also has a networking block of instruction to increase students' knowledge of how to design, build and maintain the infrastructure to support their applications. This paper discusses how and why this course developed within our overall curriculum, the goals and objectives of the course, and how the course achieves those goals and objectives. We also present some lessons learned in the previous and most recent iterations of the course. Finally we offer some ideas of enhancements and modifications to the implementation and the design of the course to remain relevant to the department. IS450 - Principles of Distributed Application Engineering helps satisfy the Army's and the Academy's needs for technically competent leaders and officers. The lessons learned are equally applicable to civilian schools where students who are non-Computer Science majors take these kinds of classes. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2004 BP 78 EP 84 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BBX16 UT WOS:000228210300017 ER PT B AU Barnett, JS AF Barnett, JS TI Training people to use automation: Strategies and methods SO EISTA '04: International Conference on Education and Information Systems: Technologies and Applications, Vol, 2, Proceedings: EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Education and Information Systems - Technologies and Application CY JUL 21-25, 2004 CL Orlando, FL DE automation training; attitudes towards computers; disuse; overuse; training strategies AB Automation is being introduced into the workplace more and more frequently, and more and more people are learning to use automated systems. However, many people tend to have patterns of behavior towards automation which influences how they use it, or if they use it at all. Often, these behavior patterns can either negate the advantages of automation, or allow automation to lead people into precarious situations. This paper discusses some of these common behavior patterns and how training may help people avoid their negative consequences. It also includes a suggested automation training strategy to help training developers design training programs for automated systems that takes user attitudes towards automation into account. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2004 BP 358 EP 361 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BBX16 UT WOS:000228210300068 ER PT S AU Jacobs, E Driggers, R Vollmerhausen, R AF Jacobs, E Driggers, R Vollmerhausen, R BE Driggers, RG Huckridge, DA TI The effect of noise in MRT/MRC theory SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems CY OCT 25-27, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND SP SPIE, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Dci Res, USAF Res Lab, QinetiQ, Sira ID MODEL AB Recent advances in the modeling of human observers using infrared and electro-optic sensors have provided remarkable accuracy in predicting performance. These advances center on a deeper understanding of the psychophysics involved in the target acquisition process. New insights into the role of noise as a limiter of sensor performance have resulted. A complete theory of target acquisition performance developed by Vollmerhausen et. al., is reviewed. A central element of this theory is the notion of minimum resolvable temperature (MRT) or minimum resolvable contrast (MRC). These functions can be subsumed under the idea of threshold vision. A general equation for threshold vision of an observer using an electro-optic sensor is presented. The relationship between threshold vision and MRT/MRC is shown. Channel models for the human perception are used to derive mathematical models for noise incorporating both the temporal and spatial response of the observer. The impact of noise found in electro-optical sensors on the threshold vision function and the target acquisition task is shown. The implications of the theory on laboratory characterization of sensors are explored. Future expansions of this theory are discussed. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Jacobs, E (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5565-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5612 BP 284 EP 294 DI 10.1117/12.578094 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBO82 UT WOS:000226768900030 ER PT J AU Xu, K Lee, U Zhang, SS Allen, JL Jow, TR AF Xu, K Lee, U Zhang, SS Allen, JL Jow, TR TI Graphite/electrolyte interface formed in LiBOB-based electrolytes - I. Differentiating the roles of EC and LiBOB in SEI formation SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; THERMAL-STABILITY; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; GRAPHITE ANODE; CARBONATE; BIS(OXALATO)BORATE; ELECTRODES; REDUCTION; POLYMER; LICOO2 AB The surface chemistry of graphitic anodes cycled in various lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB)-based electrolytes was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and a correlation was established between the C 1s spectra and the participation of the BOB- anion. Through continuous removal of the semicarbonate species by Ar+ bombardment, it was found that the main solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) ingredients come from two competing sources: the reduction products of cyclic carbonate and those of BOB- anion. Ethylene carbonate (EC) in electrolyte should control the initial surface chemistry owing to its higher reduction potential, while in EC-free solutions, BOB- anion is the main source of reduction products. The performances at elevated temperatures seem to require the coexistence of LiBOB and EC in electrolyte. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM cxu@arl.army.mil RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 39 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 9 BP A273 EP A277 DI 10.1149/1.1774973 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 848MR UT WOS:000223472300004 ER PT J AU Zhuang, GV Xu, K Jow, TR Ross, PN AF Zhuang, GV Xu, K Jow, TR Ross, PN TI Study of SEI layer formed on graphite anodes in PC/LiBOB electrolyte using IR spectroscopy SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROPYLENE CARBONATE; LITHIUM BIS(OXALATO)BORATE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; INFRARED SPECTRA; LIBOB; LI; TETRAHYDROFURAN; INTERFACE AB The chemistry of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer formed on graphite anodes cycled in propylene carbonate (PC)-lithium bis(oxolato)borate (LiBOB) electrolyte was studied by ex situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis in the attenuated total reflection mode. The vibrational spectra clearly show that electrochemical reduction of the BOB anion is a part of the SEI layer formation chemistry. The reduction reaction changes the oxygen coordination around the B atom from tetrahedral BO4 to trigonal BO3, e.g., esters of boric acid, and changes the symmetry of the O-C-O bonding closer to that in esters of oxalic acid. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhuang, GV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rjow@arl.army.mil RI Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 NR 22 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 8 BP A224 EP A227 DI 10.1149/1.1756855 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 841LO UT WOS:000222931500002 ER PT J AU Heo, YW Kelly, J Norton, DP Hebard, AF Pearton, SJ Zavada, JM Boatner, LA AF Heo, YW Kelly, J Norton, DP Hebard, AF Pearton, SJ Zavada, JM Boatner, LA TI Effects of high dose Ni, Fe, Co, and Mn implantation into SnO2 SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR SPINTRONICS; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; DOPED SNO2; ELECTRONICS; FILMS AB The effects of high dose (3 x 10(16) cm(-2)) implantation of Ni, Fe, Co, or Mn ions into bulk, single-crystal SnO2 substrates carried out at substrate temperature of similar to 350 degrees C to avoid amorphization of the implanted region on the magnetic properties of the material are reported. X-ray diffraction showed no evidence of secondary phase formation in the SnO2. The Mn-implanted samples remained paramagnetic, as also reported for samples doped during thin film growth, but the Fe, Co-, and Ni-implanted SnO2 showed evidence of hysteresis with approximate Curie temperatures of similar to 120 K (Co and Cr) or 300 K (Fe). The carrier density in the implanted region appears to be too low to support carrier-mediated origin of the ferromagnetism and formation of bound magnetic polarons may be one explanation for the observed magnetic properties. The much reduced Curie temperature seen in Co-implanted SnO2 compared to material doped during pulsed laser deposition suggests the residual implant damage degrades the magnetic properties. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37813 USA. RP Heo, YW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 12 BP G309 EP G312 DI 10.1149/1.1814596 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918KM UT WOS:000228540700034 ER PT J AU Overberg, ME Thaler, GT Frazier, RM Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Rairigh, R Kelly, J Theodoropoulou, NA Hebard, AF Wilson, RG Zavada, JM AF Overberg, ME Thaler, GT Frazier, RM Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Rairigh, R Kelly, J Theodoropoulou, NA Hebard, AF Wilson, RG Zavada, JM TI Ferromagnetic AlGaCrP films by ion implantation SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE MAGNETISM; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; P-GAN; SEMICONDUCTORS; MN AB Ion implantation of Cr at concentrations of 3 and 5 atom % was performed in AlxGa1-xP:C (x=0,0.24,0.38) epi layers grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. No second phases were detected by both X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Ferromagnetic ordering to 300 K was observed in superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements, comparable to similar samples using Mn as the dopant. As well, calculated saturation moments are found to lower for Cr-implanted materials than Mn-implanted materials. As the Al fraction in the ternary starting material is increased, the saturation moments are found to decrease. Based upon this evidence, Cr does not appear to be an advantageous choice compared to Mn for high-temperature ferromagnetism in AlGaP. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Overberg, ME (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM meoverb@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 2 BP G44 EP G46 DI 10.1149/1.1640491 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 763JB UT WOS:000188080600018 ER PT J AU Thaler, GT Frazier, RM Stapleton, J Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Kelly, J Rairigh, R Hebard, AF Zavada, JM AF Thaler, GT Frazier, RM Stapleton, J Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Kelly, J Rairigh, R Hebard, AF Zavada, JM TI Properties of (Ga, Mn)N with and without detectable second phases SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; P-TYPE GAN; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; IMPLANTED GAN; GAMNN FILMS; MN+ IONS; FERROMAGNETISM; SEMICONDUCTOR AB (Ga, Mn)N layers were grown by radio-frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy with Mn concentrations of similar to5 or 50 atom %. In the material doped with 5 atom % Mn, the growth conditions were adjusted to produce second phases in one case, detectable by X-ray diffraction. Under our conditions, the dominant second phases are GaxMny-related and not MnxNy. All three types of material (single-phase or GaMn second phases at different concentrations) exhibit 300 K hysteresis in magnetic moment vs. field (M-H) plots, but the temperature dependence of the field-cooled (FC) and zero-field cooled (ZFC) magnetization is quite different in each case. A clear difference in FC-ZFC magnetization at 300 K in the single-phase material is observed. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Thaler, GT (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 2 BP G34 EP G36 DI 10.1149/1.1635771 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 763JB UT WOS:000188080600015 ER PT S AU Vorontsov, MA Kolosov, VV AF Vorontsov, MA Kolosov, VV BE Matvienko, GG Lukin, VP TI Adaptive focusing of laser radiation onto a rough reflecting surface through the turbulent and nonlinear atmosphere SO ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEAN OPTICS /ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics and Atmospheric Physics CY JUN 23-26, 2004 CL Tomsk, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Inst Solar-Terrestrial Phys, SPIE Russia Chapter, Russian Fdn Basic Res DE adaptive optics; turbulent and nonlinear atmosphere; outgoing and backscattered wave; rough surface ID OPTIMIZATION; OPTICS AB Target-in-the-loop (TIL) wave propagation geometry represents perhaps the most challenging case for adaptive optics applications that are related with maximization of irradiance power density on extended remotely located surfaces in the presence of dynamically changing refractive index inhomogeneities in the propagation medium. We introduce a TIL propagation model that uses a combination of the parabolic equation describing outgoing wave propagation, and the equation describing evolution of the mutual coherence function (MCF) for the backscattered (returned) wave. The resulting evolution equation for the MCF is further simplified by the use of the smooth refractive index approximation. This approximation enables derivation of the transport equation for the returned wave brightness function, analyzed here using method characteristics (brightness function trajectories). The equations for the brightness function trajectories (ray equations) can be efficiently integrated numerically. We also consider wavefront sensors that perform sensing of speckle-averaged characteristics of the wavefront phase (TIL sensors). Analysis of the wavefront phase reconstructed from Shack-Hartmann TIL sensor measurements shows that an extended target introduces a phase modulation (target-induced phase) that cannot be easily separated from the atmospheric turbulence-related phase aberrations. We also show that wavefront sensing results depend on the extended target shape, surface roughness, and the outgoing beam intensity distribution on the target surface. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5717-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5743 BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.1117/12.606275 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics GA BBN67 UT WOS:000226289100011 ER PT S AU Bello, P AF Bello, P BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI Theoretical foundations for rational agency in third generation wargames SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science VIII CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Conflict between groups of armed men is as old as recorded history. Effective reasoning and decision-making are fundamental to the successful execution of military operations. These activities are of paramount importance, given the high-stakes nature of conflict; most especially in this modern era of asymmetric threats, and unconventionally armed rogue states. Yet as high as the stakes are, there does not exist a sufficiently formal military theory of reasoning and decision-making that instantiates modern war-fighting doctrine. Large bodies of knowledge on reasoning and decision-making exist, but they are not integrated, and they (to the author's knowledge) have not been cast effectively into a military context. Herein, I describe a new theory of military rationality which fully captures the reasoning and decision-making processes of homo militius, military man. The goal of the third generation wargaming effort at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Information Directorate is to produce a high-fidelity simulation of conflict environments in order to facilitate a new brand of highly immersive training for our war-fighters and supporting personnel. This environment will be populated by a new breed of intelligent agents that we affectionately call ASC-ME's (Advanced Synthetic Characters for Military Environments). I shall briefly highlight the philosophical foundations for the construction of such entities, and the formal techniques by which they may be modelled and engineered. C1 USA, Res Lab, AFRL, IFSB,Informat Direct, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Bello, P (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AFRL, IFSB,Informat Direct, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5346-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5423 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1117/12.533676 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BAV93 UT WOS:000223848700017 ER PT S AU Letherwood, MD Gunter, DD Gorsich, DJ Udvare, TB AF Letherwood, MD Gunter, DD Gorsich, DJ Udvare, TB BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI Spatial multibody modeling and vehicle dynamics analysis of advanced vehicle technologies SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science VIII CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE future tactical truck systems; future combat systems; vehicle dynamics; ride quality AB The US Army vision, announced in October of 1999, encompasses people, readiness, and transformation. The goal of the Army vision is to transition the entire Army into a force that is strategically responsive and dominant at every point of the spectrum of operations. The transformation component will be accomplished in three ways: the Objective Force, the Legacy (current) Force, and the Interim Force. The objective force is not platform driven, but rather the focus is on achieving capabilities that will operate as a "system of systems." As part of the Objective Force, the US Army plans to begin production of the Future Combat System (FCS) in FY08 and field the first unit by FY10 as currently defined in the FCS solicitation(1). As part of the FCS program, the Future Tactical Truck System (FTTS) encompasses all US Army tactical wheeled vehicles and its initial efforts will focus only on the heavy class. The National Automotive Center (NAC) is using modeling and simulation to demonstrate the feasibility and operational potential of advanced commercial and military technologies with application to new and existing tactical vehicles and to describe potential future vehicle capabilities. This document will present the results of computer-based, vehicle dynamics performance assessments of FTTS concepts with such features as hybrid power sources, active suspensions, skid steering, and in-hub electric drive motors. Fully three-dimensional FTTS models are being created using commercially available modeling and simulation methodologies such as ADAMS and DADS and limited vehicle dynamics validation studies are will be performed. C1 USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Letherwood, MD (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, 6501 E 11 Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5346-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5423 BP 276 EP 287 DI 10.1117/12.540668 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BAV93 UT WOS:000223848700027 ER PT J AU Caponero, J Tenorio, JAS Levendis, YA Carlson, JB AF Caponero, J Tenorio, JAS Levendis, YA Carlson, JB TI Emissions of batch combustion of waste tire chips: The hot flue-gas filtering effect SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PULVERIZED COAL; PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; 2-STAGE COMBUSTION; PAH EMISSIONS; DIESEL SOOT; POLYSTYRENE; CANCER; EVOLUTION; FUEL AB A laboratory investigation was performed on the emissions from the batch combustion of waste tire chips in fixed beds. Techniques and conditions that minimize toxic emissions were identified. Tire-derived fuel (TDF), in the form of waste tire chips (1 cm in size), was burned in a two-stage combustor. Batches of tire chips were introduced to the primary furnace, where gasification and combustion occurred. The gaseous effluent of this furnace was mixed with streams of additional preheated air in a mixing venturi, and it was then passed through a silicon carbide (SiC) honeycomb wall-flow filter that had been placed inside this furnace. Subsequently, it was channeled into a secondary furnace (afterburner), where further oxidation occurred. The arrangement of the two furnaces in series allowed for independent temperature control; varying the temperature in the primary furnace influenced the type and the flux of pyrolysates. The hot-flue-gas filtering section, ahead of the exit of the primary furnace, allowed the retention and further oxidation of most of the generated particulates and, thus, prevented them from entering the afterburner. Results showed that the combination of the high-temperature ceramic filter with the afterburner treatment was successful in reducing the emissions from the combustion of waste tires. Depending on the temperature of the primary furnace, the final emissions of CO were reduced by factors of 2-6, NOx emissions were reduced by factors of 2-3, particulate emissions were reduced by 2 orders of magnitude (both PM2.5 and PM10), and most individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) species emissions were reduced by more than 1 order of magnitude, with the exception of naphthalene, whose reduction was less drastic. The overall combustion effectiveness was enhanced, as evidenced by higher CO2 yields. C1 Northeastern Univ, Coll Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Polytech Sch, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. USA, Natick RD&E Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Levendis, YA (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Coll Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM y.levendis@nsu.edu RI Caponero, Jefferson/D-2966-2009 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 102 EP 115 DI 10.1021/ef030043b PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 767AB UT WOS:000188415000015 ER PT S AU Gaddy, GA Miner, GA Stoakley, DM Locke, EP Moore, RL Schultz, J Creyts, D Knotts, M AF Gaddy, GA Miner, GA Stoakley, DM Locke, EP Moore, RL Schultz, J Creyts, D Knotts, M BE Wehrspohn, R GarciaVidal, F Notomi, M Scherer, A TI Optical and mechanical properties of photoassisted, self-assembled nanoparticle films SO ENGINEERED POROSITY FOR MICROPHOTONICS AND PLASMONICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Engineered Porosity for Microphotonics and Plasmonics held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID POLYIMIDE FILMS AB This paper presents research funded under the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) MetaMaterials program for design and development of nanoparticle based, mesoscale electromagnetic and optical materials. Specifically, we present results of formulation and near infrared measurement-model validation for photoassisted, self-assembled multilayer metallic nanoparticle films. The multilayer films may be used as optical filters and absorbers. We demonstrate that nanoparticles can be formed in advanced polymer films that exhibit new electromagnetic constitutive properties. Metal nanoparticle films are produced from a single homogeneous resin containing a soluble precursor. Films cast from doped resins are exposed to UV radiation followed by a controlled thermal cure. The combination of UV exposure and thermal curing creates a multiphase material composed of low volume fractions of dispersed metallic Pd clusters (10-20 nm in size) and high concentrations of Pd nanoparticles which form surface and embedded metallic layers in the films. The layer separation is a function of UV exposure. These materials show significant absorption in the optical and near IR region of the spectrum. Furthermore, these films exhibit mechanical properties similar to bi-metallic layers, specifically, the films display reversible bending with exposure to light and an accompanying rapid temperature increase. This paper presents formulation processes, optical-mechanical measurements and measurement model comparison. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gaddy, GA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-735-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 797 BP 255 EP 260 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Optics GA BY87M UT WOS:000189484100038 ER PT J AU Hopkins, MA AF Hopkins, MA TI A discrete element Lagrangian sea ice model SO ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Discrete Element Methods CY SEP, 2002 CL Santa Fe, NM DE ice cover; modelling; geographic regions ID LEAD ICE AB The ice pack covering the Arctic basin is composed of a multitude of ice parcels of different areas, ages, thicknesses, and deformation histories that are frozen together into larger plates that combine and break apart in response to the demands of ever changing boundary conditions and forcing. Current Arctic sea ice models are Eulerian continuum models that use a plastic yield surface to characterize the constitutive behavior of the pack. An alternative is to adopt a discontinuous Lagrangian approach, based on a discrete element model and explicitly simulate individual ice parcels and the interactions between them. The mechanics of the Lagrangian sea ice model are outlined in detail along with the methods that will be used for validation. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Hopkins, MA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-4401 J9 ENG COMPUTATION JI Eng. Comput. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 409 EP 421 DI 10.1108/02644400410519857 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 855MA UT WOS:000223976200017 ER PT J AU Hopkins, MA AF Hopkins, MA TI Discrete element modeling with dilated particles SO ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Discrete Element Methods CY SEP, 2002 CL Santa Fe, NM DE mathematical modelling; simulation AB A new contact detection technique for discrete element modeling is described. This technique is suitable for a large family of particle shapes that are based on the dilation process from mathematical morphology. In the dilation process an arbitrary shape is dilated by placing the center of a sphere of fixed diameter at every point in the basic shape. Defining a contact between two objects in this class is equivalent to determining which spheres amongst the infinite number that compose each object is in contact. The algorithm is derived for general ellipsoidal particles and demonstrated with a series of biaxial deformation simulations using a range of ellipsoidal particle shapes. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Erdc, CRREL, Hanover, NH USA. RP Hopkins, MA (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Erdc, CRREL, Hanover, NH USA. NR 7 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-4401 J9 ENG COMPUTATION JI Eng. Comput. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 422 EP 430 DI 10.1108/02644400410519866 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 855MA UT WOS:000223976200018 ER PT J AU Conder, JM La Point, TW Steevens, JA Lotufo, GR AF Conder, JM La Point, TW Steevens, JA Lotufo, GR TI Recommendations for the assessment of TNT toxicity in sediment SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE explosives; degradation; Tubifex tubifex; nitroaromatics; bioavailability ID SOIL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE; TUBIFEX-TUBIFEX; ECOTOXICITY CHARACTERIZATION; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; ENERGETIC COMPOUNDS; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; REDUCTION; BIOASSAY; OLIGOCHAETA; TUBIFICIDAE AB Previous investigations of the ecotoxicity of TNT in spiked sediments noted the rapid degradation and disappearance of the toxicant, yet little is understood regarding the effects of this process on toxicity and subsequent derivation of toxicity reference values. We conducted environmental fate studies and 28-d sediment toxicity tests with benthic oligochaete worms (Tubifex tubifex) with sediments spiked at three different TNT concentrations (440, 1,409, and 4,403 nmol/g dry wt) aged for 1, 8, and 29 d. Because of rapid degradation of TNT, disappearance of degradation products, and partitioning to overlying water, only 25 to 40% of the added nitroaromatic mass balance was associated with sediment immediately after spiking. Lethal toxicity decreased with aging time and was best described by measured sediment nitroaromatic concentrations (sum of TNT and degradation products) at the beginning of exposure, with a median lethal concentration of nitroaromatic compounds of 184 nmol/g dry weight. To accurately describe the ephemeral exposure doses of TNT and its degradation products during toxicity tests with spiked sediments, we suggest that sediments should be aged at least 8 to 14 d after spiking, exposure should be based on measured sediment concentrations or chemical measures of availability, exchange of overlying water should be avoided or minimized, and short-term toxicity tests should be considered. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Appl Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, CEERD,EP,R, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Conder, JM (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Appl Sci, POB 310559, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM jasonmconder@yahoo.com NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1897/03-137 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 761JF UT WOS:000187897200020 PM 14768878 ER PT B AU Yee, Y Vidal, E AF Yee, Y Vidal, E BE Arabnia, HR Yang, LT TI Embedded systems for meteorological sensor applications SO ESA'04 & VLSI'04, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Internation Conference on Embedded Systems and Applications/International Conference on VLSI CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV DE meteorological sensors; sensor embedded systems; sensor network AB There has been increased concern over terrorist activities in urban environments, in particular chemical/biological attacks within a city's central business district. To properly characterize the dispersion and transport of toxic chemical/biological clouds, high-resolution meteorological measurements in complex urban environments will he required Large quantities of meteorological data from 3-Dimensional sonic wind sensors will present special challenges. The Army Research Laboratory is developing specialized embedded systems for the collection and management of meteorological data from a distributed array of 3-D sonic anemometers. Issues that need to he addressed are sensor interface, data base management, scalability regarding the number of meteorological sensors, distributed processing of loosely coupled systems, and performance of the data acquisition system. In the present application, precise time tagging of the data records as it is being collected and navigation coordinates are important elements in the management and handling of these micro-meteorological measurements. The real-time collection and pre-processing of the data can be accomplished using micro-controller technology at the sensor source. In this way, near autonomous and self configuring sensors can be arbitrarily placed at optimal locations or they can he mounted vertically on a single meteorological tower and networked together. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Battlefield Environm Div, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA. RP Yee, Y (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Battlefield Environm Div, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-41-6 PY 2004 BP 273 EP 279 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBK61 UT WOS:000225884700039 ER PT B AU Brown, ME Kraus, NC Kieslich, JM AF Brown, ME Kraus, NC Kieslich, JM BE Spaulding, ML TI Regional circulation modeling of the Texas coast and inland coastal waters SO ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MODELING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling CY NOV 03-05, 2003 CL Monterey, CA AB In support of regional sediment management initiatives by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, a regional circulation model has been developed for the coast of Texas and its inland coastal waters and waterways. This large and complex hydrodynamic and sediment-sharing system encompasses 8 bays, 4 lagoons, 7 larger rivers, and the 560-km long Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. Mesh development rests on numerous bathymetry sources, and model validation benefits from availability of more than 20 water level stations and numerous coastal wind gauges along the coast and inland waters. Practicalities of regional model development are described, together with preliminary validation. Availability of the regional model has benefited several local projects. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CHL, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CHL, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0734-7 PY 2004 BP 192 EP 204 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Engineering; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BBW43 UT WOS:000228129600013 ER PT B AU Kim, SC Johnson, BH Cerco, CF AF Kim, SC Johnson, BH Cerco, CF BE Spaulding, ML TI Three-dimensional modeling of hydro-thermal structures in Lake Washington SO ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MODELING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling CY NOV 03-05, 2003 CL Monterey, CA ID STRATIFIED LAKE AB A three-dimensional model-CH3D-Z-was applied to simulate the hydrodynamics of the Lake Washington-a deep, stratified temperate lake-over three-year period. The model was forced by winds and precipitation/evaporation as well as inflows from freshwater streams and the outflow through the lock connected to the Puget Sound. Surface heat exchange was also modeled. Realistic annual thermal-stratification cycle was simulated. The thermal structures were sensitive to the stability function of turbulence model related to Richardson number. We compared two approaches-one using non-equilibrium stability parameter and the other using empirical formulae. The former approach results in the better representation of the surface mixed layer depths. For the period of thermal stratification, mixing processes were studied by analyzing isothermal surfaces, buoyancy, and turbulence energy distribution. Basin scale motions represented by seiches and internal waves propagated through metalimnion showed typical response to wind forcing. C1 US Army Corps Engineers, Engineer Res Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kim, SC (reprint author), US Army Corps Engineers, Engineer Res Dev Ctr, EP-W,3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0734-7 PY 2004 BP 528 EP 540 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Engineering; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BBW43 UT WOS:000228129600033 ER PT B AU Lin, LW Kraus, NC Barcak, RG AF Lin, LW Kraus, NC Barcak, RG BE Spaulding, ML TI Modeling coastal sediment transport at the mouth of the Colorado River, Texas SO ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MODELING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling CY NOV 03-05, 2003 CL Monterey, CA AB This paper describes diagnostic numerical simulations of waves, current, sediment transport, and morphology change at the mouth of the Colorado River, Texas. The simulations were performed with the Inlet Modeling System (IMS) developed by the Coastal Inlets Research Program at the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. The IMS version applied consists of the circulation and sediment transport model M2D coupled with the wave spectral model STWAVE. The study site exhibits complex patterns of sediment transport over a weir jetty and deposition in an impoundment basin. Six alternatives are evaluated by comparison of calculated morphologic change and sediment impoundment coupled with the hydrodynamics over a 1-year simulation interval. Simulations are performed with and without a sediment training structure, different jetty lengths, and different weir lengths and elevations. The alternatives are examined for effectiveness in improving efficiency of the impoundment basin and in reducing sediment shoaling in the entrance channel to decrease dredging frequency. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CHL, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Lin, LW (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CHL, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0734-7 PY 2004 BP 988 EP 1006 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Engineering; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BBW43 UT WOS:000228129600060 ER PT J AU Beekley, MD Cullom, DL Brechue, WF AF Beekley, MD Cullom, DL Brechue, WF TI Hypercapnic impairment of neuromuscular function is related to afferent depression SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE afferent transmission; skeletal muscle force-generating capacity; H-reflex; hypercapnia; tendon-tap reflex ID LIMB MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE; TRANSMISSION; DIOXIDE; SOLEUS; HUMANS; REFLEX; PH AB Acetazolamide (ACZ), a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, results in altered neuromuscular function secondary to depressed afferent transmission in intact humans. One effect of ACZ is hypercapnia. Thus, to test if the neuromuscular depression observed following ACZ treatment is related to elevated CO2, human subjects (n=10) were exposed to 15 min of room air (0% CO2) or hypercapnia (7% inspired CO2), and neuromuscular function was evaluated. Isometric force (36.8 to 31.1 N) and peak-to-peak electromyographic amplitude (EMG, 1.5 to 1.0 mV) associated with an Achilles tendon tap, and soleus H-max:M-max ratio (69.0 to 62.2%) were depressed, while EMG latency (34.8 to 39.8 ms) was increased by hypercapnia. Reflex recovery profiles (following a conditioning tap to the contralateral Achilles tendon), motor nerve conduction velocity, amplitude of the maximum M-wave, and peak twitch tension at M-max were unaltered by hypercapnia. We conclude that elevated CO2 impairs neuromuscular function through effects on afferent transmission or synaptic integrity between type Ia fibers of the muscle spindle and the alpha motor neuron, without affecting the muscle spindle, efferent conduction or skeletal muscle force-generating capacity. C1 Cent Missouri State Univ, Dept Intercollegiate Athlet, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Phys Educ, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Sch Dent, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Brechue, WF (reprint author), Cent Missouri State Univ, Dept Intercollegiate Athlet, Nickerson Hall, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1439-6319 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 91 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s00421-003-0936-x PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 757EX UT WOS:000187548600016 PM 12955522 ER PT J AU Sajid, BA Giannakopulos, AE Derrick, PJ Critchley, P Bottrill, A Padley, HD AF Sajid, BA Giannakopulos, AE Derrick, PJ Critchley, P Bottrill, A Padley, HD TI Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A comparison of fragmentation patterns of linear dextran obtained by in-source decay, post-source decay and collision-induced dissociation and the stability of linear and cyclic glucans studied by in-source decay SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ISD; PSD; CID; SORI-CID; MALDI-ToF; oligoglucan fragmentation; structural information from glycans ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DESORPTION-IONIZATION; COMPLEX OLIGOSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES; PEPTIDES; POLYSACCHARIDES; SPECTRA; CHAIN; IONS AB In the first part of this study, fragmentation patterns from a range of dextran oligomers (containing 4-20 anhydroglucose units) were compared using three different methods of analysis coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry. Collision-induced dissociation (CID), prompt in-source decay (ISD) and post-source decay (PSD) all caused cleavage of the glycosidic bonds. Both CID and, to a lesser extent, ISD caused further cleavage of pyranose rings of the individual sugar residues. There was very little cleavage of pyranose rings detected in the PSD spectrum. Derivatisation of the reducing end-groups of the oligodextrans with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) restricted cleavage in the MALDI mass spectrometer to the non-reducing end and also enabled the saccharides to be separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) so that a single chain length could be examined as a standard. Maltoheptaose was also used as a standard. In the second part of the study, prompt ISD-MALDI mass spectrometry was used to compare the fragmentation of three oligoglucans, viz. dextran, maltodextrin and gamma cyclodextrin, that have different linkages and different secondary structure. The results showed that the degree of fragmentation correlated with the degree of freedom in the saccharide chains in solution as determined by NMR. Dextran, with the most random conformation, was fragmented most whereas there was little evidence of any fragments, not even glycosidic bond breakage, from cyclodextrin, even when the laser power was increased considerably. The fragmentation pattern of maltodextrin was intermediate. The patterns of fragmentation produced by MALDI mass spectrometry, particularly where standards are available to calibrate the spectrum and the energy of the laser is controlled, can be used to predict the type of linkage present. C1 Univ Warwick, Warwick Inst Mass Spectrometry, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Warwick, Dept Chem, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. USA, Chem Corp, Ft Bragg, NC 28314 USA. RP Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM br9@hotmail.com RI Bottrill, Andrew/C-6367-2013 OI Bottrill, Andrew/0000-0002-5182-3643 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX PO18 0HY, ENGLAND SN 1469-0667 EI 1751-6838 J9 EUR J MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1255/ejms.544 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 811UX UT WOS:000220797900010 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, AK Hartell, MG Nichols, DA Hicks, RP Stanton, B van Hamont, JE Milhous, WK AF Bhattacharjee, AK Hartell, MG Nichols, DA Hicks, RP Stanton, B van Hamont, JE Milhous, WK TI Structure-activity relationship study of antimalarial indolo [2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-diones (tryptanthrins). Three dimensional pharmacophore modeling and identification of new antimalarial candidates SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE QSAR; pharmacophore; malaria ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; STEREOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; IN-VITRO; MALARIA; DESIGN; INVITRO; ANALOGS; ENZYME AB A widely applicable three-dimensional QSAR pharmacophore model for antimalarial activity was developed from a set of 17 substituted antimalarial indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-diones (tryptanthrins) that exhibited remarkable in vitro activity (below 100 ng/mL) against sensitive and multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The pharmacophore, which contains two hydrogen bond acceptors (lipid) and two hydrophobic (aromatic) features, was found to map well onto many well-known antimalarial drug classes including quinolines, chalcones, rhodamine dyes, Pfmrk cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors, malarial FabH inhibitors, and plasmepsin inhibitors. The phamacophore allowed searches for new antimalarial candidates from multiconformer 3D databases and enabled custom designed synthesis of new potent analogues. (C) 2003 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, AK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM apurba.bhattacharjee@na.amedd.army.mil NR 29 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 13 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0223-5234 J9 EUR J MED CHEM JI Eur. J. Med. Chem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2003.10.004 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 807MY UT WOS:000220506800006 PM 14987834 ER PT S AU Corron, NJ Blakely, JN Pethel, SD AF Corron, NJ Blakely, JN Pethel, SD BE Boccaletti, S Gluckman, BJ Kurths, J Pecora, LM Meucci, R Yordanov, O TI Beam steering by lag synchronization in wide-bandwidth, chaotic arrays SO EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Experimental Chaos Conference CY JUN 14-17, 2004 CL Florence, ITALY AB Chaotic oscillators are an intriguing source of waveforms for ultra wideband-radar applications. The broadband and nonrepeating nature of chaos provides an ideal combination of high range resolution and no range ambiguity. In addition, synchronization via local coupling of array elements is an efficient alternative to the use of a master oscillator in a phased array. However, a difficulty in any wideband array is achieving a practical mechanism for beam steering. Conventional approaches using phase shifters are impractical for bandwidths exceeding just a few percent of the carrier frequency, and for larger bandwidths true time-delay steering is required. Here, we explore the use of lag synchronization in a chaotic array to achieve steering. The natural frequency of each oscillator is adjusted using a variable capacitor to achieve a uniform lag across the array. To first order this tuning is equivalent to a standard method of inducing lag synchronization. The direction and extent of the steering is directly controlled by the orientation and magnitude of the induced lag. Using chaotic rf circuits, we experimentally show that lag synchronization can be achieved and controlled in arrays of rf devices. C1 USA, RDECOM, AMSRD, AMR,WS,ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP USA, RDECOM, AMSRD, AMR,WS,ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0226-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 742 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BBO96 UT WOS:000226788300007 ER PT S AU Fountzoulas, CG Tidrow, SC Hatzistergos, M Efstathiadis, H AF Fountzoulas, CG Tidrow, SC Hatzistergos, M Efstathiadis, H BE HoffmannEifert, S Funakubo, H Joshi, V Kingon, AI Koutsaroff, IP TI Effect of deposition parameters on the microstructural evolution and electrical properties of charge-balanced barium strontium titanate ferroelectric thin films deposited on ceramic substrates by pulsed laser deposition SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS XII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films XII held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON AG, Gennum Corp, Kojundo Chem Lab Co Ltd, Symetrix Corp, Tegal Corp, ULVAC Inc AB Barium strontium titanate (Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3) thin films are the main materials of interest in tunable phase shifter for microwave antenna applications. Ba0.60Sr0.40Y0.05Ta0.05Ti0.90O3 thin films, of nominal thickness ranging from 1.7 mum to 2.3 mum, were synthesized on MgO (100) substrates, at substrate temperatures ranging from 500degreesC to 900degreesC, at oxygen partial pressures 20 and 50 mTorr, at 500 mJ energy fluence on 3 mm x I mm spot size and 10 pulses per second using the pulsed laser deposition technique. All film synthesized at temperatures greater than 500degreesC were crystalline. The effect of the ionic substitution and substrate temperature in conjunction with the effect of the oxygen partial pressure on the microstructure, and mechanical and electrical properties of the thin films have been studied using shallow angle x-ray diffraction, SEM, nanoindentation, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and focused ion beam analysis (FIB) and are reported in detail. We are currently in the process of measuring the capacitance of these films by various methods. C1 Army Res Lab, Weapons Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Fountzoulas, CG (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Weapons Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-722-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 784 BP 287 EP 292 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAH06 UT WOS:000222178100045 ER PT S AU Cole, MW Nothwang, WD Hubbard, C Ngo, E Ervin, M AF Cole, MW Nothwang, WD Hubbard, C Ngo, E Ervin, M BE HoffmannEifert, S Funakubo, H Joshi, V Kingon, AI Koutsaroff, IP TI Enhanced dielectric properties of compositionally modified BST based thin films for voltage tunable microwave devices SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS XII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films XII held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON AG, Gennum Corp, Kojundo Chem Lab Co Ltd, Symetrix Corp, Tegal Corp, ULVAC Inc ID LAYERS AB In this work, material compositional design and optimized film processing methods, were employed to simultaneously lower the dielectric loss and enhance the dielectric tunability of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) based thin films without compromising the device impedance matching (epsilon(r)<500) and device control voltage (<10 V) requirements. The films compositional design was achieved by Mg doping BST from 3 to 10 mol % via the metalorganic solution deposition (MOSD) technique and post-deposition annealing in an oxygen ambience. The films dielectric loss at these doping levels was identical, tandeltasimilar to0.007 and the permittivity values ranged from 339 to 220. Device quality values of tunability, 40 and 32 %, for the 3 and 7 mol% doped BST films, respectively, were achieved by elevating the applied bias to 474 kV/cm. This device quality tuning is compatible with voltage requirements of current semiconductor based systems. The results suggest that the low level acceptor doping from S to 7 mol%, optimized precursor solution concentration (0.43 M), and oxygenated post-deposition thermal processing were found to work in concert to lower dielectric loss, limit defect density concentration, optimize film microstructure, and eliminate undesirable film/electrode interfacial phases. The enhanced dielectric and insulating properties of the 3 - 7 mol% Mg doped BST thin films make them excellent candidates for integration into tunable devices. C1 USA, Army Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Army Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-722-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 784 BP 313 EP 318 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAH06 UT WOS:000222178100049 ER PT S AU Ngo, E Nothwang, WD Hubbard, C Cole, MW Chang, W Kirchoffer, SW Pond, JM AF Ngo, E Nothwang, WD Hubbard, C Cole, MW Chang, W Kirchoffer, SW Pond, JM BE HoffmannEifert, S Funakubo, H Joshi, V Kingon, AI Koutsaroff, IP TI Fabrication and electrical characterization of Ba(1-x)SrxTiO3 based thin films SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS XII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films XII held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON AG, Gennum Corp, Kojundo Chem Lab Co Ltd, Symetrix Corp, Tegal Corp, ULVAC Inc ID SOLUTION DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE; MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS AB Over the past several years there has been a tremendous growth and development of thin film deposition technology in the electronics industry. Ferroelectric thin films have been recognized for their unique dielectric properties and appear to be desirable for tunable microwave device applications. Among the most promising candidates for such applications are Ba(1-x)SrxTiO3[BST] and BST-based thin films. In this work pure BST and acceptor doped BST-based thin films were fabricated on (100) MgO substrates via pulsed laser deposition [PLD]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) in conjunction with the atomic force microscope (AFM) were used to analyze the film crystalinity and surface morphology. The dielectric properties were characterized at both 100 kHz and 20 GHz. The MIM capacitor configuration was used to attain the dielectric properties at 100 kHz and the microwave measurements, S-11 reflection parameters, were achieved via interdigitated capacitor design with Au/Ag top electrodes. The parallel resistor-capacitor models were used to determine the microwave capacitance and Q factors and the permittivity was calculated using a modified conformal-mapping partial-capacitance method using the dimension of the capacitors. Our results demonstrated that the low frequency and microwave frequency dielectric properties were strongly influenced by the film composition. Specifically, the Mg doping served to lower the dissipation factor, permittivity, and tunability of the BST based films at both frequencies. This work demonstrates that the BST based thin films possessed excellent microstructural, structural, and dielectric properties. The structure-process-property correlations of the pulsed laser deposited BST and acceptor doped BST-based thin films are discussed in detail. C1 Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ngo, E (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-722-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 784 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAH06 UT WOS:000222178100052 ER PT S AU Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Hubbard, C Ngo, E AF Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Hubbard, C Ngo, E BE HoffmannEifert, S Funakubo, H Joshi, V Kingon, AI Koutsaroff, IP TI Measuring residual stress effects of acceptor doping in tunable microwave dielectric thin films SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS XII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films XII held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON AG, Gennum Corp, Kojundo Chem Lab Co Ltd, Symetrix Corp, Tegal Corp, ULVAC Inc ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SHARP INDENTATION; NANOINDENTATION; BEHAVIOR; STRAIN AB There has been a recent shift towards a tunable phase shifter for microwave antenna design. Barium strontium titanate [BaxSr((1-x))TiO3] thin films are the principal materials of interest in these applications, primarily because of their low loss, high dielectric constant and large tunability. Both magnesium doped and undoped films were made, and they were deposited on MgO or Pt-Si substrates using metal organic solution deposition and pulsed laser deposition. Residual stress within these materials is known to have a drastic effect on the material, electrical, and dielectric properties. This becomes of particular importance in thin film materials, where the residual stress can be several orders of magnitude higher than in bulk materials. The residual stress in the films was measured in three ways. A Tencor stress analysis system was employed to measure the change in the substrate curvature due to the film stress, and a nano-indentation method was used to calculate the residual stress in a system by measuring the maximum penetration, the force at maximum penetration, and the slope of the initial unloading curve. These methods were validated using XRD lattice calculations. Stresses as high as 2 GPa were observed under certain conditions. The results also show that the surface region of the films is not stress free at these thicknesses (similar to200 nm) as was mathematically suggested. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Nothwang, WD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-722-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 784 BP 345 EP 350 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAH06 UT WOS:000222178100054 ER PT S AU Tidrow, SC Tauber, A Potrepka, DM Crowne, F Rod, B AF Tidrow, SC Tauber, A Potrepka, DM Crowne, F Rod, B BE HoffmannEifert, S Funakubo, H Joshi, V Kingon, AI Koutsaroff, IP TI Enhancing tunability and decreasing temperature sensitivity SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS XII SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films XII held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON AG, Gennum Corp, Kojundo Chem Lab Co Ltd, Symetrix Corp, Tegal Corp, ULVAC Inc ID PHASE SHIFTERS AB The employment of judicious substitution on B-sites in the perovskite oxide, BaTiO3, has yielded materials suitable for relatively temperature insensitive electric field tunable microwave devices. The properties, single-phase cubic perovskites with tunabilities as large as 30% at 1 V/mum and room temperature that possess low temperature coefficient of dielectric constant and tunability over the majority of the military specified temperature range, -55 to 125degreesC, have been achieved in the charge compensated system Ba1-xSrxTi1-2yCyDyO3 where C is Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, Sc, Y, In and D is Ta, Sb with 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.2, and 0 < y less than or equal to 0.10. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensor Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Sensor Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-722-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 784 BP 405 EP 410 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAH06 UT WOS:000222178100064 ER PT S AU Hubbard, CW Cole, MW Ervin, M Wood, M AF Hubbard, CW Cole, MW Ervin, M Wood, M BE HoffmannEifert, S Funakubo, H Joshi, V Kingon, AI Koutsaroff, IP TI Preparation and characterization of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 based thin films for pyroelectric applications SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS XII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films XII held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON AG, Gennum Corp, Kojundo Chem Lab Co Ltd, Symetrix Corp, Tegal Corp, ULVAC Inc ID DETECTOR; PBTIO3 AB The use of pyroelectric thin films in uncooled IR detectors has many advantages over the present IR detector technology, which requires extensive cooling for, operation. These advantages include reduced weight, reduced footprint, reduced complexity, increased reliability, and decreased maintenance. Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST), based thin films are ideal candidates for use in these devices due to their tailorable materials properties. These properties include a high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, high electrical resistivity, as well as a high pyroelectric constant. BST thin films were doped with Mg in varying amounts, from 0 to 20 mol%. The thin films were deposited via metalorganic solution deposition (MOSD) on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. Annealing temperatures ranged from 500 to 750 degreesC. The films were characterized for structural, microstructural, compositional, surface morphological, dielectric and insulating properties. Glancing angle x-ray diffraction (GAXRD) was used to determine crystallinity, phase formation and film orientation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to access surface morphology and microstructure. The Materials Detectivity Figure of Merit (FOM), D*, [D*=(pi)/( C-V(epsilon(0)epsilon(r)tandelta)(1/2)] was used to evaluate the film's detectivity response. Our results show that undoped Ba60Sr40TiO3, with a value D* = 0.08 (cm(3)/J)(1/2), appears to out perform Pb based pyroelectric thin films, thus making it a viable candidate for IR pyroelectric detector applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hubbard, CW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-722-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 784 BP 571 EP 576 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAH06 UT WOS:000222178100088 ER PT J AU Nath, J Lavigne, L Burns, C Januszkiewicz, A AF Nath, J Lavigne, L Burns, C Januszkiewicz, A TI Early biomarkers of nitrogen dioxide-mediated pulmonary inflammation: Application of a plate-based proteome array-technology SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 17-21, 2004 CL St Thomas, VI SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Pierce Boston Technol Ctr, Woburn, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2004 VL 37 SU 1 BP S53 EP S54 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 875YK UT WOS:000225458900148 ER PT S AU Ricklin, JC Bucaille, S Davidson, FM AF Ricklin, JC Bucaille, S Davidson, FM BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI Performance loss factors for optical communication through clear air turbulence SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ACTIVE LASER ILLUMINATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Active Laser Illumination III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID GAUSSIAN BEAMS AB Atmospheric turbulence can significantly degrade the bit error rate performance of a free-space laser communication link. We describe an approach for calculating the average bit error rate of a direct detection binary optical communication link in clear-air atmospheric turbulence, and discuss strategies for optimizing system performance. C1 AMSRL CI CN, Army Res Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Ricklin, JC (reprint author), AMSRL CI CN, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Davidson, Frederic /A-3273-2010 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5033-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5160 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.504524 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY61G UT WOS:000189421100001 ER PT B AU Serafini, DC Fiegel, GL AF Serafini, DC Fiegel, GL BE Yegian, MK Kavazanjian, E TI Estimating slope movement with time domain reflectometry (TDR) SO GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING FOR TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS, VOL 2 SE GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geotechnical Engineering for Transportation Projects (Geo-Trans 2004) CY JUL 27-31, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Geo Inst AB Time domain reflectometry (TDR) has been used in the past to locate and estimate movements in landslides encroaching highways. As part of this study, further research of TDR and landslide monitoring was performed to evaluate if readings obtained from TDR can be correlated with the amount of movement along a slide plane. Field measurements obtained using side by side or nearby slope inclinometers and TDR cables were compared. In addition, laboratory tests were carried-out using a cable shear-testing device designed to simulate the slide plane conditions found within a landslide. The following issues wee examined in relation to both the field and lab studies: (1) the amount of slide plane movement required to detect a TDR reflection reading in the cable; (2) the amount of movement associated with a TDR reflection as the slide mass continues to move; and (3) the influence of installation conditions on TDR readings. Based on the results of this study, tentative relationships between slide plane movement and TDR reflection readings are discussed. However, these relationships depend upon cable type, grout strength, and soil at the shear interface. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Serafini, DC (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 1325 J St, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0744-4 J9 GEOTECH SP PY 2004 IS 126 BP 2084 EP 2092 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BBX60 UT WOS:000228276600101 ER PT J AU Kumar, R Tyagi, R Parmar, VS Samuelson, LA Kumar, J Watterson, AC AF Kumar, R Tyagi, R Parmar, VS Samuelson, LA Kumar, J Watterson, AC TI Biocatalytic ''green'' synthesis of PEG-based aromatic polyesters: optimization of the substrate and reaction conditions SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIPASE-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS; VITRO ENZYME CATALYSIS; SOLVENT-FREE SYSTEM; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); ALIPHATIC POLYESTERS; AMPHIPHILIC POLYMERS; DICARBOXYLIC-ACID; POLYMERIZATION; POLYCONDENSATION AB The condensation copolymerization of a variety of linker molecules with polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of varying molecular weights, catalyzed by lipases under solvent-less conditions is reported. Previously, we reported the lipase-catalyzed condensation polymerization of dimethyl 5-hydroxyisophthalate with polyethylene glycol. Herein we have used a number of linker molecules with hydroxyl, amino, carboxylic acid, alkoxy, amido and alkoxycarbonyl moieties. Also, studies were conducted on the effects of the reaction parameters on the polymerization reactions. The hydrophilic segment was also varied, i.e. polyethylene glycols with molecular weights 300, 600, 900 and 1500 have been used for copolymerization with dimethyl 5-hydroxyisophthalate. The molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol affected the polymer yield and molecular weight. In principle, the method developed is flexible so that it can be used to generate a wide array of functionalized amphiphilic copolymers. In the absence of biocatalytic transformation, such structural control is extremely difficult or currently impossible to obtain. C1 Univ Delhi, Dept Chem, Bioorgan Lab, Delhi 110007, India. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Inst Nanosci Engn & Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Parmar, VS (reprint author), Univ Delhi, Dept Chem, Bioorgan Lab, Delhi 110007, India. EM Arthur_Watterson@uml.edu NR 33 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2004 VL 6 IS 10 BP 516 EP 520 DI 10.1039/b407700h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 864WV UT WOS:000224664600006 ER PT S AU Minnicino, MA Sommer, HJ AF Minnicino, MA Sommer, HJ BE Kundu, T TI Detecting and quantifying friction nonlinearity using the Hilbert transform SO HEALTH MONITORING AND SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems III CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Coulomb friction; Hilbert transform; condition based maintenance AB A simple methodology for identification and quantification of nonlinear effects such as Coulomb friction and backlash is desired for use in condition based maintenance programs for both structural and machine based applications. Typically, structural applications are passive and undergo small vibratory motion when an external excitation is presented to the system. A spring-mass system was used as the structural example. Machine applications are typically active and motion is excited by internal actuation of large motion within the system. An industrial SCARA robot was used as the machine based example. The Hilbert transform was tested for detection and quantification of Coulomb friction in both systems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Geo Ctr Inc, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Minnicino, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Geo Ctr Inc, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5311-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5394 BP 419 EP 427 DI 10.1117/12.539953 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAS11 UT WOS:000223343600042 ER PT S AU Stevens, J AF Stevens, J BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Comparison of Topas (R) cyclic olefin copolymers to BK7 glass in night vision goggle objectives SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE optical plastic; night vision; Topas; cyclic olefin copolymers AB The objective of this study was to determine the suitability of Topas(R) cyclic olefin copolymers (COC) as an optical plastic for use in military-grade night vision goggle (NVG) lens objectives. Test objective lenses that could include either a Topas(R) COC window element or BK7 glass window element were manufactured. The test objectives were evaluated for low light resolution, MTF, off-axis veiling glare, and on-axis stray light. Additionally, the spectral transmittance of the individual windows elements was measured. This paper compares the evaluation results of test objectives containing Topas COC with test objectives containing BK7 glass. C1 USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Stevens, J (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1117/12.541358 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900008 ER PT S AU Morphew, ME Shively, JR Casey, D AF Morphew, ME Shively, JR Casey, D BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Helmet mounted displays for unmanned aerial vehicle control SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID DELAY AB An experiment was performed to assess the effect of using a Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) versus a conventional computer monitor and joystick to perform an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) sensor operator target search task. Eight subjects were evaluated on objective performance measures including their target detection accuracy and responses, in addition to subjective measures including workload, fatigue, situational awareness, and simulator sickness in both experimental conditions. Subjects were flown through a virtual world and asked to identify objects as targets, non-targets, or distractors. Results for objective measures indicated no difference in the operators' ability to accurately classify targets and non-targets. The subjects' ability to place the cursor on a target of interest (targeting accuracy), was, however, significantly better in the computer monitor condition than the HMD. The distance at which subjects could classify an object's identity was also significantly better in the computer monitor condition. Subjective measures showed no overall differences for self-reported fatigue, workload, and situational awareness. A significant disadvantage, however, was found for the HMD with respect to self-reported nausea, disorientation, and oculomotor strain. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the incorporation of HMDs into UAV ground control station operations. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Res, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Dev Engn Ctr,Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Morphew, ME (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Res, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Dev Engn Ctr,Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.541031 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900010 ER PT S AU Hiatt, KL Rash, CE Harris, ES McGilberry, WH AF Hiatt, KL Rash, CE Harris, ES McGilberry, WH BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI AH-64 IHADSS aviator vision experiences in operation Iraqi freedom SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display (HMD); Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS); forward-looking infrared (FLIR); visual illusion; visual performance AB Forty AH-64 Apache aviators representing a total of 8564 flight hours and 2260 combat hours during Operation Iraqi Freedom and its aftermath were surveyed for their visual experiences with the AH-64's monocular Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) helmet-mounted display in a combat environment. A major objective of this study was to determine if the frequencies of reports of visual complaints and illusions reported in the previous studies, addressing mostly benign training environments, differ in the more stressful combat environments. The most frequently reported visual complaints, both while and after flying, were visual discomfort and headache, which is consistent with previous studies. Frequencies of complaints after flying in the current study were numerically lower for all complaint types, but differences from previous studies are statistically significant only for visual discomfort and disorientation (vertigo). With the exception of "brownout/whiteout," reports of degraded visual cues in the current study were numerically lower for all types, but statistically significant only for impaired depth perception, decreased field of view, and inadvertent instrumental meteorological conditions. This study also found statistically lower reports of all static and dynamic illusions (with one exception, disorientation). This important finding is attributed to the generally flat and featureless geography present in a large portion of the Iraqi theater and to the shift in the way that the aviators use the two disparate visual inputs presented by the IHADSS monocular design (i.e., greater use of both eyes as opposed to concentrating primarily on display imagery). C1 USA, MEDDAC, BACH, SERMC,HQ Soldier Hlth Serv, Ft Campbell, KY 42223 USA. RP Hiatt, KL (reprint author), USA, MEDDAC, BACH, SERMC,HQ Soldier Hlth Serv, Ft Campbell, KY 42223 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 179 EP 194 DI 10.1117/12.541385 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900019 ER PT S AU Moore, S AF Moore, S BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Quantification of parallax in dual sensor systems SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE parallax; sensor fusion; multispectral; optics; image processing AB Parallax is an issue in any system that contains images from two or more separate, displaced sensors imposed on a single display. The effect can be image quality degradation due to a double image or a blurred image. The impact of this effect can be calculated based on the configuration of the sensors, the position of the object of interest in relation to them and their point of convergence. Parallax quantification is necessary for determining a method to improve the performance of fused-sensor systems. This paper will examine this phenomenon and outline a method that enables calculation of parallax at an arbitrary point of interest. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Moore, S (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1117/12.540905 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900020 ER PT S AU Kalich, ME Lont, LM van de Pol, C Rash, CE AF Kalich, ME Lont, LM van de Pol, C Rash, CE BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Partial-overlap biocular image misalignment tolerance SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE biocular-overlap; image misalignment tolerance; head- or helmet-mounted display (HMD) ID HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAY; BINOCULAR VISION; VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; SYMPTOMS; WORLD; HMD AB Partial-overlap biocular helmet-mounted display (HMD) design flexibility and cost are directly related to image misalignment standards. Currently suggested standards are based on highly variable data from a number of studies, most using subjective discomfort or diplopia measures. This study tested the suggested standard for divergent horizontal image misalignment in a partial-overlap biocular optical system by exercising vigilance performance during image misalignment. Also, pre- and post-image misalignment divergence, convergence and heterophoria measurements were taken. The results revealed that clinical visual diagnoses, associated with accommodation and vergence, were clearly related to vigilance task performance, showing a greater number of vigilance errors for subjects viewing misaligned displays. In-device post-image misalignment divergence recovery and convergence break-recovery were significantly decreased. This was not found for the no-offset controls. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36360 USA. RP Kalich, ME (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36360 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1117/12.542411 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900027 ER PT S AU Tasillo, CL Neeley, BD Bombich, AA AF Tasillo, CL Neeley, BD Bombich, AA BE Ries, JP Holm, TA TI Lightweight concrete makes a dam float SO High-Performance Structural Lightweight Concrete SE AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Performance Structural Lightweight Concrete held at the ACI Fall Convention CY OCT 30, 2002 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Concrete Inst DE Braddock Dam; concrete density; float-in construction; freeze-thaw durability; lightweight aggregate; lightweight concrete; quality control AB In initiating the final phase of modernizing the locks and dams on the Monongahela River, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pittsburgh District, used float-in and in-the-wet technology to build the new Braddock dam. This is the first use of such technology for an inland navigation project in the United States, and was employed to eliminate the cost and construction time associated with a conventional cofferdam for mass concrete construction. The new Braddock dam design was fabricated as two large, hollow-core segments. Unlike such applications used for offshore structures, the inland application was limited by navigational draft, and lock and bridge clearances. This restricted the overall dimensions and mass of the segments. The use of lightweight concrete in a significant portion of the two large dam segments was central to the success of the design. Good planning, an understanding of the concrete materials, and quality control were critical to project success. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Tasillo, CL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA SN 0065-7891 BN 0-87031-138-7 J9 AMER CONC I PY 2004 VL 218 BP 101 EP 129 PG 29 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BCU26 UT WOS:000231244400007 ER PT J AU Durlach, PJ AF Durlach, PJ TI Change blindness and its implications for complex monitoring and control systems design and operator training SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Article ID ATTENTIONAL CONTROL SETTINGS; HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION; DETECT CHANGES; VISUAL-SEARCH; INATTENTIONAL BLINDNESS; OBJECTS; PERFORMANCE; FAILURE; CAPTURE; DISPLAY AB Recent research on change detection suggests that people often fail to notice changes in visual displays when they occur at the same time as various forms of visual transients, including eye blinks, screen flashes, and scene relocation. Distractions that draw the observer's attention away from the location of the change especially lead to detection failure. As process monitoring and control systems rely on humans interacting with complex visual displays, there is a possibility that important changes in visually presented information will be missed if the changes occur coincident with a visual transient or distraction. The purpose of this article is to review research on so called "change blindness" and discuss its implications for the design of visual interfaces for complex monitoring and control systems. The major implication is that systems should provide users with dedicated change-detection tools, instead of leaving change detection to the vagaries of human memorial and attentional processes. Possible training solutions for reducing vulnerability to change-detection failure are also discussed. C1 USA, Inst Res, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Durlach, PJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Res, Simulator Syst Res Unit, 12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM Paula.Durlach@peostri.army.mil NR 52 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0024 J9 HUM-COMPUT INTERACT JI Hum.-Comput. Interact. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 423 EP 451 DI 10.1207/s15327051hci1904_10 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 886XP UT WOS:000226266700010 ER PT B AU Redden, ER Elliott, LR Turner, DD Blackwell, CL AF Redden, ER Elliott, LR Turner, DD Blackwell, CL BE Vicenzi, DA Mouloua, M Hancock, PA TI Development of a metric for collaborative situation awareness SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE, SITUATION AWARENESS AND AUTOMATION: CURRENT RESEARCH AND TRENDS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation (HPSAA II) CY MAR 22-25, 2004 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USN Off Naval Res, USA Med Res Acquisit Activ, DARPA, CHI Syst Inc, Human Solut Inc, Interface Anal Associates, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Univ Cent Florida, Florida Inst Technol DE team situation awareness; collaborative situation awareness; infantry ID PERFORMANCE AB Situation Awareness (SA) measurement has primarily focused on individual SA. Here, we conceptualize measurement of collaborative SA (CSA) that models the three levels of SA among team members, and the communication necessary for effective comprehension and projection in the leader. Perceptual information must be effectively distributed to the leader, to enable quick calculated decisions on a dynamic battlefield. Several PC-based 3-D infantry vignettes were developed to replicate a mission in a military urban terrain site. Three-person teams played the roles of an infantry squad leader and two subordinate team leaders, who in turn led PC-based "synthetic" team members. Measures of SA were drawn at the squad leader and at the subordinate team leader level, based on knowledge of critical cues. In addition, the structure of communication patterns was predicted to affect leader SA. This paper reports methodology, plans, and preliminary results within this program of investigation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5341-3 PY 2004 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BAS34 UT WOS:000223354000009 ER PT B AU Wojciechowski, JQ AF Wojciechowski, JQ BE Vincenzi, DA Mouloua, M Hancock, PA TI A human performance model of driving ground vehicles SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE, SITUATION AWARENESS AND AUTOMATION: CURRENT RESEARCH AND TRENDS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation (HPSAA II) CY MAR 22-25, 2004 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USN Off Naval Res, USA Med Res Acquisit Activ, DARPA, CHI Syst Inc, Human Solut Inc, Interface Anal Associates, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Univ Cent Florida, Florida Inst Technol DE driving; task network modeling; human performance modeling; mental workload AB The Human Research and Engineering Directorate of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory developed a model of the tasks and workload associated with driving a ground vehicle. The human performance modeling tool, Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT), was used to simulate the driving tasks. Perception, cognition, and motor control were represented in the IMPRINT driving model. Human processing, attention, and response were simulated as concurrent discrete events. Subsequently, the driving model was incorporated into other IMPRINT models used to investigate crew size and function allocation in Future Combat System (FCS) conceptual ground vehicles. Driving is a primary crew function in FCS ground vehicles. The results of this study indicated that a dedicated driver was required in combat vehicles. In all configurations tested, the driver was consistently the crewmember with the most and greatest workload peaks. As expected, results of simulation runs were consistent with research on driving and distraction. Structural and output validation of the model was completed through literature review. Driving by itself is a high mental workload function. The human processing capacity is fully engaged in tasks when one is driving, with the primary load being in perception and cognition. Literature shows that performance will start to degrade if additional tasks are attempted during driving, especially if the tasks are highly perceptual or cognitive. This model provides an efficient means to represent the driving function and can be used for investigating any system where driving is important. For FCS, this will include direct driving and indirect driving. Several additional validation studies are planned. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5341-3 PY 2004 BP 242 EP 247 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BAS35 UT WOS:000223355300045 ER PT J AU Downer, CW Ogden, FL AF Downer, CW Ogden, FL TI Appropriate vertical discretization of Richards' equation for two-dimensional watershed-scale modelling SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hydrology; hydrological modeling; Richards' equation; GSSHA; CASC2D; spatial convergence; vadose zone ID SYSTEME HYDROLOGIQUE EUROPEEN; VARIABLY SATURATED SOILS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; INFILTRATION; RUNOFF; REDISTRIBUTION; PARAMETERS; SHE AB A number of watershed-scale hydrological models include Richards' equation (RE) solutions, but the literature is sparse on information as to the appropriate application of RE at the watershed scale. In most published applications of RE in distributed watershed-scale hydrological modelling, coarse vertical resolutions are used to decrease the computational burden. Compared to point- or field-scale studies, application at the watershed scale is complicated by diverse runoff production mechanisms, groundwater effects on runoff production, rumon phenomena and heterogeneous watershed characteristics. An essential element of the numerical solution of RE is that the solution converges as the spatial resolution increases. Spatial convergence studies can be used to identify the proper resolution that accurately describes the solution with maximum computational efficiency, when using physically realistic parameter values. In this study, spatial convergence studies are conducted using the two-dimensional, distributed-parameter, gridded surface subsurface hydrological analysis (GSSHA) model, which solves RE to simulate vadose zone fluxes. Tests to determine if the required discretization is strongly a function of dominant runoff production mechanism are conducted using data from two very different watersheds, the Hortonian Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed and the non-Hortonian Muddy Brook watershed. Total infiltration, stream flow and evapotranspiration for the entire simulation period are used to compute comparison statistics. The influences of upper and lower boundary conditions on the solution accuracy are also explored. Results indicate that to simulate hydrological fluxes accurately at both watersheds small vertical cell sizes, of the order of 1 cm, are required near the soil surface, but not throughout the soil column. The appropriate choice of approximations for calculating the near soil-surface unsaturated hydraulic conductivity can yield modest increases in the required cell size. Results for both watersheds are quite similar, even though the soils and runoff production mechanisms differ greatly between the two catchments. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn,Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Watershed Syst Grp,Hydrol Syst Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, U2037, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Downer, CW (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn,Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Watershed Syst Grp,Hydrol Syst Branch, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM downerc@wes.army.mil NR 52 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1002/hyp.1306 PG 22 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 768AU UT WOS:000188506700001 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB AF Johnson, JB TI A theory of pressure sensor performance in snow SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE snow water equivalent measurement accuracy; snow pressure sensor theory; snow hydrology; snow-soil interface thermal processes; snow mechanics AB A theory of pressure sensor response in snow is derived and used to examine the sources of measurement errors in snow water equivalent (SWE) pressure sensors. Measurement errors in SWE are caused by differences in the compressibility of the pressure sensor and the adjacent snow layer, which produces a shear stress along the perimeter of the sensor. When the temperature at the base of the snow cover equals 0degreesC, differences in the snowmelt rate between the snow-SWE sensor interface and the adjacent snow-soil interface may also produce a shear stress along the sensor's perimeter. This shear stress perturbs the pressure field over the sensor, producing SWE measurement errors. Snow creep acts to reduce shear stresses along the SWE sensor's perimeter at a rate that is inversely proportional to the snow viscosity. For sustained periods of differential snowmelt, a difference in the mass of snow over the sensor compared with the surrounding soil will develop, producing additional permanent errors in SWE measurements. The theory indicates that SWE pressure sensor performance can be improved by designing a sensor with a high Young's modulus (low compressibility), low aspect ratio, large diameter and thermal properties that match those of the surrounding soil. Simulations of SWE pressure sensor errors using the theory are in close agreement with observed errors and may provide a means to correct historical SWE measurements for use in hydrological hindcast or climate studies. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, ERDC Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), USA, ERDC Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. EM jjohnson@crrel.usace.army.mil NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1002/hyp.1310 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 768AU UT WOS:000188506700004 ER PT B AU Xu, XJ Santee, W Berglund, L Gonzalez, R AF Xu, XJ Santee, W Berglund, L Gonzalez, R BE Hayashi, N Bullock, R Dietrich, DW Maekawa, T Tamura, A TI Mathematical analysis of extremity immersion cooling for brain temperature management SO HYPOTHERMIA FOR ACUTE BRAIN DAMAGE: PATHOMECHANISM AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Brain Hypothermia Symposium CY FEB 05-06, 2004 CL Tokyo, JAPAN DE brain cooling; extremity immersion; arteriovenous anastomosis cooling; simulation; modeling ID WATER AB Due to the low heat conductivity of body tissue, head surface cooling methods for management of the brain temperature during medical treatments often have limited utility. As blood flow rates and surface-to-volume ratios are generally high in the extremities, heat exchange between the body and the environment through the extremities is an important path for heat exchange. This study examines the effects of cold-water extremity immersion on brain temperature by simulation modeling. The work is based on a six-cylinder thermoregulatory model that predicts human thermoregulatory responses to heat, cold, and water immersion. An arteriovenous anastomosis (AVA) response algorithm was added to the base model. Arteriovenous anastomoses are assumed to be controlled by a combination of core and skin temperatures. Our series of simulation scenarios consists of resting in a hot environment (40degreesC, 75% relative humidity) until the brain temperature rises to 39degreesC, then continuing to rest for 1 h under one of the following treatments: (A) no cooling; (B) hands immersed in 10degreesC water; (C) feet immersed in 10degreesC water; (D) hands/feet immersed in 10degreesC water. The simulation results indicate that within the first 30 min, the hands, feet, or hands/feet immersion cooling resulted in brain temperature drops of 1.7degreesC, 2.4degreesC, and 3.3degreesC, respectively, which correspond to cooling rates of 0.03degreesC/min, 0.04degreesC/min, and 0.05degreesC/min. The predicted values show that extremity immersion cooling is a viable mechanism for simple and effective control of brain temperature. C1 USA, Res Inst Environm Med, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Xu, XJ (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Environm Med, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 4-431-21034-2 PY 2004 BP 98 EP 101 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BBB31 UT WOS:000224507800012 ER PT B AU Kirby, SF AF Kirby, SF BE Arabnia, HR Droegehorn, O TI Weather model characteristic determination via java web services composition SO IC'04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERNET COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Internet Computing/International Symposium on Web Services and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE java web service composition; java servlet; weather model evaluation; web services conversation language AB A mesoscale weather model execute and analysis tool is being developed. To handle the plethora of options a user has when running weather models and generating statistics from the model output, a composition of web services is being implemented. Each web service will encapsulate a particular aspect of model analysis such as the ability to run an ensemble of models. Conversations are being integrated to safeguard against transitions that are not logical, such as attempting to run a model even though all of the requisite model inputs have just been deemed not available. Lastly, to make these analysis tools easily available to a "lightweight" client, a mobile version is being created employing WAP. With this capability, a client can determine the current optimum weather model, and then opt to use the model output as input to other software tools such as decision aids. C1 Army Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Kirby, SF (reprint author), Army Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-46-7 PY 2004 BP 664 EP 668 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBK73 UT WOS:000225901700101 ER PT S AU Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM AF Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM GP IEEE TI Hyperspectral target detection using kernel matched subspace detector SO ICIP: 2004 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1- 5 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2004) CY OCT 24-27, 2004 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE ID ALGORITHMS AB In this paper we present a nonlinear realization of a subspace signal detection approach based oil the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) - so called matched subspace detectors (MSD). The linear model for MSD is first extended to a high. possibly infinite dimensional feature space and then the corresponding nonlinear GLRT expression is obtained. In order to address the intractability of the GLRT in the nonlinear feature space we kernelize the nonlinear GLRT using kernel eigenvector representations as well as the kernel trick where dot products in the nonlinear feature space are implicitly computed by kernels. The proposed kernel-based nonlinear detector. so called kernel matched subspace detector (KMSD), is applied to a given hyperspectral imagery - HYDICE (hyperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment) images - to detect targets of interest. KMSD showed Superior detection performance over MSD for the HYDICE images tested in this paper. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nasrabadi, NM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 0-7803-8554-3 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2004 BP 3327 EP 3330 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBV71 UT WOS:000228043504121 ER PT S AU Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM AF Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM GP IEEE TI Hyperspectral anomaly detection using kernel RX-algorithm SO ICIP: 2004 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1- 5 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2004) CY OCT 24-27, 2004 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE ID IMAGERY AB In this paper we present a nonlinear version of the well-known anomaly detection method. referred to as the RX-algorithm, by extending, this algorithm in a feature space associated with the original input Space via a certain nonlinear mapping function. An expression for the nonlinear form of the RX-algorithm is derived which is basically intractable mainly due to the high dimensionality of the feature space. We convert the nonlinear RX expression into kernels which implicitly compute dot products in the nonlinear domain. The proposed kernel RX-algorithm is applied to hyperspectral images for anomaly detection. Improved performance of the kernel RX over the conventional RX is shown for the HY-DICE (HYperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment) images tested. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nasrabadi, NM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 0-7803-8554-3 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2004 BP 3331 EP 3334 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBV71 UT WOS:000228043504122 ER PT B AU Raglin, A Vorontsov, M Chouikha, M AF Raglin, A Vorontsov, M Chouikha, M GP ieee TI Optoelectronic feedback circuit systems for signal processing of high-resolution images for target tracking SO IEEE 11TH DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP & 2ND IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Taos Ski Valley, NM SP IEEE ID PATTERN-FORMATION AB Techniques for tracking targets in high-resolution images is an important task. However, computations for processing these types of images can be intensive. With recent advancements in LC devices, DSP, and VLSI alternate methods are being explored. One of these methods is the use of hybrid optoelectronic architecture. By combining the parallel nature of optics and the processing capabilities of electronics (DSP/VLSI) these system have the potential for providing fast and compact systems for detecting and tracking targets. A unique feature of these optoelectronic systems is a variety of spatial patterns that can be generated, one is the soliton pattern. This soltion pattern can be used to represent the location of a target within a image. In this paper, simulations of the system show trajectories of solitons indicating tracking of the target. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Raglin, A (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8434-2 PY 2004 BP 125 EP 128 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBJ05 UT WOS:000225735400027 ER PT B AU Debroux, P Boehm, J Modave, F Kreinovich, V Xiang, G Beck, J Tupelly, K Kandathi, R Longpre, L Villaverde, K AF Debroux, P Boehm, J Modave, F Kreinovich, V Xiang, G Beck, J Tupelly, K Kandathi, R Longpre, L Villaverde, K GP ieee TI Using 1-D radar observations to detect a space explosion core among the explosion fragments: Sequential and distributed algorithms SO IEEE 11TH DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP & 2ND IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Taos Ski Valley, NM SP IEEE AB A radar observes the result of a space explosion. Due to radar's low horizontal resolution, we get a 1-D signal x(t) representing different 2-D slices. Based on these slices, we must distinguish between the body at the core of the explosion and the slowly out-moving fragments. We propose new algorithms for processing this I-D data. Since these algorithms are time-consuming, we also exploit the possibility of parallelizing these algorithms. C1 USA, Res Lab, SLAD, Washington, DC USA. RP Debroux, P (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, SLAD, Washington, DC USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8434-2 PY 2004 BP 273 EP 277 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBJ05 UT WOS:000225735400059 ER PT B AU Johnson, C Weiss, S White, C Wilkins, G Scott, C AF Johnson, C Weiss, S White, C Wilkins, G Scott, C GP IEEE TI A dual polarized aperture coupled microstrip antenna with active switching SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT AB This paper introduces a dual polarized aperture coupled microstrip antenna that uses active switching. The microstrip antenna has a good front-to-back ratio, high port-to-port isolation, high copol-crosspolar isolation, and nominal gain. The switching circuit uses relatively inexpensive parts that will be integrated on the same substrate as the antenna feed network. The antenna's aperture is cross-shaped. The patch size, aperture, and feed lines are tuned for optimal performance for 100 ohms impedance at an operating frequency of 16 GHz. The simulated copol-crosspolar isolation is better than 20 dB across +/- 90degrees in both the E and H planes. The simulated bandwidth is 7.5%; port isolation is better than -30 dB; and the front to back ratio is nominally 12 dB. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Johnson, C (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 4340 EP 4343 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1330312 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066401092 ER PT B AU Dodge, RC Ragsdale, DJ AF Dodge, RC Ragsdale, DJ BE Kinshuk, X Looi, CK Sutinen, E Sampson, D Aedo, I Uden, L Kahkonen, E TI Organized cyber defense competitions SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2004 CL Joensuu, FINLAND SP IEEE TCLT, IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Joensuu AB The Cyber Defense Exercise (CDX), an annual competition between students at the five U.S. Service Academies has developed into an extraordinary educational experience for the participants. During the exercise students will design and implement a realistic network against a set of realistic requirements. The students will then defend the networks they constructed over a 4 day period against attacks. Work has been conducted recently to examine how to best generalize the exercise methodology, as conducted at the Military Academies, to other universities. This paper describes the effort involve in executing a Cyber Defense Exercise, introducing the various functional groups, student team construction, and considerations when using the exercise methodology in other locations. We also describe the experienced and additional potential benefits of the exercise. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Dodge, RC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2181-9 PY 2004 BP 768 EP 770 DI 10.1109/ICALT.2004.1357651 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BBA94 UT WOS:000224458400173 ER PT J AU Lee, PCY Liu, NH Ballato, A AF Lee, PCY Liu, NH Ballato, A TI Thickness vibrations of a piezoelectric plate with dissipation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; VISCOELASTIC PLATE; FIELD EXCITATION; QUARTZ; WAVES AB The three-dimensional (3-D) equations of linear piezoelectricity with quasi-electrostatic approximation are extended to include losses attributed to the acoustic viscosity and electrical conductivity. These equations are used to investigate effects of dissipation on the propagation of plane waves in an infinite solid and forced thickness vibrations in an infinite piezoelectric plate with general symmetry. For a harmonic plane wave propagating in an arbitrary direction in an unbounded solid, the complex eigenvalue problem is solved from which the effective elastic stiffness, viscosity, and conductivity are computed. For the forced thickness vibrations of an infinite plate, the complex coupling factor K*, input admittance Y are derived and an explicit, approximate expression for K* is obtained in terms of material properties. Effects of the viscosity and conductivity on the resonance frequency, modes, admittance, attenuation coefficient, dynamic time constant, coupling factor, and quality factor are calculated and examined for quartz and ceramic barium titanate plates. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USA, AMSEL RD CS, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Lee, PCY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lee@princeton.edu NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JAN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 1 BP 52 EP 62 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2004.1268467 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 773XF UT WOS:000188950300005 PM 14995016 ER PT B AU Nguyen, BQ AF Nguyen, BQ BE Arabnia, HR TI Mobile agents for distributed processing of electronic records archives SO IKE '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE ENGNINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Information and Knowledge Engineering (IKE 04) CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV DE mobile agents; knowledgeable objects; electronic records archives; distributed processing AB Distributive processing of electronic records archives (ERA) could be a niche for mobile agents to outrival established client-server network computing methods. Archival records are usually very large computer files that consume a large bandwidth when they are transferred from one networked computer to another. This paper describes an ideational ERA distributive processing scenario in which advantages of using mobile agents or knowledgeable objects could outweigh disadvantages and overcome some of the hurdles that are facing mobile agents. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-27-0 PY 2004 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BBN32 UT WOS:000226272900018 ER PT S AU Emge, DK AF Emge, DK BE Bruzzone, L TI The use of multi-resolution analysis to detect chemical vapors in passive Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. SO IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR REMOTE SENSING X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing X CY SEP 13-15, 2004 CL Maspalomas, SPAIN SP SPIE, Soc Espanola Opt, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, European Opt Soc DE multi-resolution analysis; chemical detection; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) ID SPECTROMETRY; FILTERS; DESIGN AB Detection and identification of chemical vapors using Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) sensors is an area of interest in many communities and is an active area of research. The use of multi-resolution analysis to detect and identify chemicals of interest in open path applications has seen limited application. In this study, we examine the use of multi-resolution analysis to detect chemicals of interest in both the laboratory and under real world conditions. Real world data was collected using a stationary FTIR sensor located at standoff ranges from the point of dissemination. The experimental results show promising detection and identification capabilities of this analysis technique. C1 USA, SBCCOM, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21060 USA. RP Emge, DK (reprint author), USA, SBCCOM, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21060 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5520-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5573 BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1117/12.56718 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBI80 UT WOS:000225677900048 ER PT S AU Raglin, AJ Chouikha, M AF Raglin, AJ Chouikha, M BE Dougherty, ER Astola, JT Egiazarian, KO TI Competitive dynamics and pattern formation in a large array of opto-electronic feedback circuit system SO IMAGE PROCESSING: ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Algorithms and Systems III CY JAN 19-21, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE pattern formation; competitive dynamics; opto-electronic feedback circuit AB In artificial neural networks (ANN) individual nodes are used as processing units that perform simple computations. The computations can be performed based on unsupervised or supervised learning schemes. One type of learning scheme is a competitive unsupervised approach. In the competitive approach different nodes compete to become the "winner(s)", representing the highest activity level. In a large array opto-electronic system the competitive dynamics is not restricted to single elements but is some specially distributed structure. This interaction is typical for partially distributed nonlinear systems with complex behavior but may be unusual behavior in other systems with large arrays of elements for example some ANN. With an opto-eleetronic system it may be possible to consider new dynamics and more complex behavior for systems with large arrays. A different approach for parallel high resolution information processing that potentially goes beyond processing, large numbers of neurons or elements is considered. NN has been successful in processing tow-resolution images. Hopefully opto-electronic systems can generate similar mechanisms seen in NN such as cooperation and competition. Perhaps different self-organizing structures or patterns generated by these systems have some features similar to competition and cooperation. These types of structure or pattern interactions can be possible building blocks for more robust computational processes. C1 USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Raglin, AJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5201-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5298 BP 349 EP 361 DI 10.1117/12.527011 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAH97 UT WOS:000222343600036 ER PT B AU Dowdy, WL AF Dowdy, William L. BE Rajan, B Sauer, E TI US Nuclear Weapons Policy in Transition SO IMPERIALISMS: HISTORICAL AND LITERARY INVESTIGATIONS, 1500-1900 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dowdy, William L.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Dowdy, WL (reprint author), Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4039-8046-5 PY 2004 BP 113 EP 130 D2 10.1057/9781403980465 PG 18 WC History SC History GA BQD03 UT WOS:000280716900008 ER PT B AU Kamps, CT AF Kamps, Charles Tustin BE Rajan, B Sauer, E TI Power Projection: Continuity and Change SO IMPERIALISMS: HISTORICAL AND LITERARY INVESTIGATIONS, 1500-1900 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kamps, Charles Tustin] USA, Washington, DC USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4039-8046-5 PY 2004 BP 165 EP 180 D2 10.1057/9781403980465 PG 16 WC History SC History GA BQD03 UT WOS:000280716900011 ER PT B AU Troxell, JF AF Troxell, John F. BE Rajan, B Sauer, E TI Sizing the Military in the Post-Cold War Era SO IMPERIALISMS: HISTORICAL AND LITERARY INVESTIGATIONS, 1500-1900 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Troxell, John F.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Troxell, JF (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4039-8046-5 PY 2004 BP 201 EP 219 D2 10.1057/9781403980465 PG 19 WC History SC History GA BQD03 UT WOS:000280716900013 ER PT S AU Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Hubbard, C Ngo, E AF Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Hubbard, C Ngo, E BE Solomah, AG TI Nano-indentation as a complimentary method to XRD and RCA for calculating residual stress in thin films SO INDENTATION TECHNIQUES IN CERAMIC MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Indentation Techniques in Ceramic Materials Characterization held at the 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SHARP INDENTATION; PLASTIC BEHAVIOR; NANOINDENTATION; SUBSTRATE AB Residual stress in thin film materials seriously alters the application performance envelope, and depending upon the direction of the stress, it can be either extremely deleterious or advantageous. To more fully understand how residual stress affects the properties and performance of a thin film material for a particular application, it is necessary to first measure the value of the stress. There currently exists no method for directly measuring the residual stress of a material that is both accurate and does not require significant sample preparation. However, there are a number of ways to measure the effects of stress on other mechanical properties, and the stress can be estimated from these measurements. In thin films materials, the two methods used for measuring the strain are: 1) nano-indentation, 2) and, reflective curvature analysis,. In this paper, residual stress measurements are made on metal-organic solution deposited magnesium doped barium strontium titanate thin films on magnesium oxide substrates, indicating that the residual stress within these films is dependent on the annealing temperature and to a lesser degree the doping level. C1 USA, Res Lab, WMRD APG, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Nothwang, WD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, WMRD APG, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-212-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 156 BP 23 EP 37 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BY77D UT WOS:000189459200003 ER PT J AU Koschan, A Page, D Ng, JC Abidi, M Gorsich, D Gerhart, G AF Koschan, A Page, D Ng, JC Abidi, M Gorsich, D Gerhart, G TI SAFER under vehicle inspection through video mosaic building SO INDUSTRIAL ROBOT-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE inspection; road vehicles; state security; robotics AB The current threats to US security, both military and civilian, have led to an increased interest in the development of technologies to safeguard national facilities such as military bases, federal buildings, nuclear power plants, and national laboratories. As a result, the imaging, robotics, and intelligent systems (IRIS) laboratory at the University of Tennessee has established a research consortium, known as security automation and future electromotive robotics (SAFER), to develop, test, and deploy sensing and imaging systems. In this paper, we describe efforts made to build multi-perspective mosaics of infrared and color video data for the purpose of under vehicle inspection. It is desired to create a large, high-resolution mosaic that may be used to quickly visualize the entire scene shot by a camera making a single pass underneath the vehicle. Several constraints are placed on the video data in order to facilitate the assumption that the entire scene in the sequence exists on a single plane. Therefore, a single mosaic is used to represent a single video sequence. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Imaging Robot & Intelligent Syst Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USA, RDECOM, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI USA. RP Koschan, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Imaging Robot & Intelligent Syst Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Page, David/0000-0003-3353-4300 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-991X J9 IND ROBOT JI Ind. Robot PY 2004 VL 31 IS 5 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1108/01439910410551854 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA 853EF UT WOS:000223808800010 ER PT S AU Dodge, MRC AF Dodge, MRC BE Deswarte, Y Cuppens, F Jajodia, S Wang, L TI Do military forces need ph.d.'s? SO INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT, EDUCATION AND PRIVACY SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Information Security Conference held at the 18th World Computer Congress CY AUG 22-27, 2004 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP IFIP TC11 DE military; higher education; technological warfare revolution AB The rate of technological advancement and the relative disparity of military power amongst many countries have fueled an oncoming revolution in warfare. To prepare to defend against the new emerging technology threats, forces must invest time and resources to develop a corps of soldiers capable of using and defending against advanced technology. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Dodge, MRC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-8144-8 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2004 VL 148 BP 165 EP 171 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BBX55 UT WOS:000228265700014 ER PT S AU Chander, A Dean, D Mitchell, J AF Chander, A Dean, D Mitchell, J BE Zhang, K Zheng, Y TI A distributed high assurance reference monitor - Extended abstract SO INFORMATION SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Information Security International Conference (ISC 2004) CY SEP 27-29, 2004 CL Palo Alto, CA ID TRUST MANAGEMENT; ACCESS-CONTROL AB We present DHARMA, a distributed high assurance reference monitor that is generated mechanically by the formal methods tool PVS from a verified specification of its key algorithms. DHARMA supports policies that allow delegation of access rights, as well as structured, distributed names. To test DHARMA, we use it as the core reference monitor behind a web server that serves files over SSL connections. Our measurements show that formally verified high assurance access control systems are practical. C1 USA, DoCoMo Commun Labs, San Jose, CA 95110 USA. SRI Int, Comp Sci Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP USA, DoCoMo Commun Labs, San Jose, CA 95110 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-23208-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3225 BP 231 EP 244 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAZ82 UT WOS:000224324000020 ER PT S AU Becker, L AF Becker, L BE Longshore, RE Sivananthan, S TI Multicolor LWIR focal plane array technology for space and ground based applications SO INFRARED DETECTOR MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Detector Materials and Devices CY AUG 04-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE multicolor focal plane arrays; LWIR; FPA technology ID INFRARED DETECTORS; PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; HGCDTE PHOTODIODES; 2-COLOR DETECTORS; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH AB The traditional approaches using multiple focal plane arrays (FPAs), filters, beam splitters, cooling circuits etc, complicate system design, reliability and create difficulty in spatial alignment and temporal registration of image at the pixel level. Multiple colors on a single full-resolution FPA will greatly improve spectral discrimination capability at longer ranges. The integrated multicolor infrared FPAs in which a single pixel location is sensitive to two (or three) separate IR spectral bands will be the future generation technology for its use in target acquisition and signature recognition in a wide variety of space and ground based applications. C1 USASMDC, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Becker, L (reprint author), USASMDC, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5502-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5564 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1117/12.557971 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BBI78 UT WOS:000225674400001 ER PT S AU Dhar, NK Tidrow, MZ AF Dhar, NK Tidrow, MZ BE Longshore, RE Sivananthan, S TI Large format IRFPA development on silicon SO INFRARED DETECTOR MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Detector Materials and Devices CY AUG 04-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE CdSeTe; CdTe/Si; LWIR; infrared detectors; molecular beam epitaxy; HgCdTe ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; MBE GROWTH; INFRARED PHOTODIODES; HGCDTE; CDTE; SI; DETECTORS; PERFORMANCE; GAAS AB High performance large-format Infrared Focal Plane Arrays are required for Third Generation Infrared Imaging technology. HgCdTe IRFPAs exhibit performances to meet this goal. Si-based composite substrates have proven to be the substrate of choice to realize high-resolution HgCdTe arrays. Composite substrate technology offers scalability, and wafer sizes as large as six-inches have been used with excellent compositional uniformity. Current state-of-the-art composite substrates exhibits dislocation density in low to mid 10(5) cm(-2) range. The HgCdTe epitaxial layers on composite substrates, however, show a defect density in the low to mid 10(6) cm(-2). Recent developments in CdSeTe/Si composite wafers show great promise for a better lattice matching to HgCdTe alloy, and it is envisioned that with further improvements in both, materials quality and device architecture, a HgCdTe based scalable technology is within our grasp. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dhar, NK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5502-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5564 BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1117/12.562812 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BBI78 UT WOS:000225674400004 ER PT S AU Clarke, FW Balevieius, S McDonald, JK Grisham, JA AF Clarke, FW Balevieius, S McDonald, JK Grisham, JA BE Longshore, RE Sivananthan, S TI Measurement of electron effective mass ratios in Hg1-xCdxTe for 0.20 <= x <= 0.30 between 77 K and 296 K SO INFRARED DETECTOR MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Detector Materials and Devices CY AUG 04-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE nondestructive testing; Faraday rotation spectroscopy; IR detector materials; HgCdTe; electron effective mass; ohmic contacts; Faraday rotation; magneto-optical ID N-TYPE INSB; FARADAY-ROTATION; TEMPERATURE; HGCDTE AB Effective mass ratios, m*, of electrons in near intrinsic and n-type Hg1-xCdxTe for 0.20 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.30 over the temperature range 77 K less than or equal to T less than or equal to 296 K were measured using Faraday rotation spectroscopy. Effective masses were found to be about twice as large at room temperature as band edge effective mass, m*(be), calculations. Measured effective masses diverge further from the theoretical formulations as temperature increases which appears to be due to a thermal excitation effect that is not accounted for in theoretical calculations. These calculations can be corrected using a linear correction factor, m**, where the true effective mass ratio, m* = m* m*(be), where m** was found empirically to be m** = 4.52 x 10(-3) T + 0.78. Carrier concentrations were measured using Hall or van der Pauw tests. Soldered contacts to high mobility materials like HgCdTe using even the purest indium solder inevitably result in contamination that can add significant numbers of impurity carriers to the material and severely decrease mobility. A simple method of burnishing contacts to the material without heat using indium, solder is presented. These cold contacts do not effect the material properties and are very effective in n-type HgCdTe making good physically strong contacts that remain ohmic to at least 10 K. This is a review paper. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command Tech Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Clarke, FW (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command Tech Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5502-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5564 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1117/12.567426 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BBI78 UT WOS:000225674400008 ER PT S AU Sousk, S O'Shea, P Hodgkin, V AF Sousk, S O'Shea, P Hodgkin, V BE Holst, GC TI Uncertainties in the minimum resolvable temperature difference measurement SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XV CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE imaging system performance; minimum resolvable temperature difference; infrared systems testing; measurements; fixed pattern noise; MRT simulator uncertainty AB The Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference (MRTD or MRT) is the most widely accepted and inclusive figure of merit for describing a thermal imaging system's performance. It is the product of analytic mathematical models and traditional man-in-loop system hardware performance measurements that describe IR systems. MRT is a basis for thermal field performance model predictions and is commonly used in specification of thermal imagers. The MRT test is subjective because it requires human observers to just discern increasingly smaller 4-bar patterns as a function of temperature differences between bars and the background. When performed by trained observers, the MRT test is an accurate measure of sensitivity as a function of spatial resolution. The ability to resolve 4-bar patterns varies between observers. Furthermore, MRT is a psychophysical task, for which biases are unavoidable. In this paper, uncertainties in MRT measurements are reported for individual trained observers and between observers as functions of some biases, such as random and fixed pattern noise. For this paper, virtual MRTs were performed on a new, custom visual acuity test simulator, developed for NVESD, that allows precise control over significant sensor and display parameters, and these results are compared. Through a process of eliminating sources of MRT variability, we have been able to quantify the observer variability. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Sousk, S (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd,Suite 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5330-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5407 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.541352 PG 7 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV18 UT WOS:000223712700001 ER PT S AU Moyer, S Flug, E Edwards, TC Krapels, K Scarbrough, J AF Moyer, S Flug, E Edwards, TC Krapels, K Scarbrough, J BE Holst, GC TI Identification of handheld objects for electro-optic/FLIR applications SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XV CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB This paper describes research on the determination of the fifty-percent probability of identification cycle criterion (N-50) for two sets of handheld objects. The first set consists of 12 objects which are commonly held in a single hand. The second set consists of 10 objects commonly held in both hands. These sets consist of not only typical civilian handheld objects but also objects that are potentially lethal. A pistol, a cell phone, a rocket propelled grenade (RPG) launcher, and a broom are examples of the objects in these sets. The discrimination of these objects is an inherent part of homeland security, force protection, and also general population security. Objects were imaged from each set in the visible and mid-wave infrared (MWIR) spectrum. Various levels of blur are then applied to these images. These blurred images were then used in a forced choice perception experiment. Results were analyzed as a function of blur level and target size to give identification probability as a function of resolvable cycles on target. These results are applicable to handheld object target acquisition estimates for visible imaging systems and MWIR systems. This research provides guidance in the design and analysis of electro-optical systems and forward-looking infrared (FLIR) systems for use in homeland security, force protection, and also general population security. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvior, VA USA. RP Moyer, S (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvior, VA USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5330-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5407 BP 116 EP 126 DI 10.1117/12.542066 PG 11 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV18 UT WOS:000223712700013 ER PT S AU Johnson, S Jacobs, E Vollmerhausen, R AF Johnson, S Jacobs, E Vollmerhausen, R BE Holst, GC TI Predicting imaging performance in turbulence SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XV CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE refractive index structure parameter; turbulence; scintillation; surface energy budget AB Estimates of the performance of an imager working in a turbulent atmosphere can often be obtained if an estimate of the index of refraction structure constant (C-n(2)) is available. In this paper, results from predictive parametric models for C-n(2) are compared with long-term measurements of C-n(2). A brief overview of imaging in turbulence is given. The impact of turbulence on imager performance and models to account for it are reviewed. This is followed by a presentation of the methods used to collect C-n(2) data. Some published parametric models for predicting C-n(2) based on meteorological data are reviewed. These models are then compared with C-n(2) measurements taken over several years. Performance of the models as a function of time of day and season of year are shown. General conclusions regarding the utility of using these models to predict system performance are presented. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22030 USA. RP Johnson, S (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22030 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5330-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5407 BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.1117/12.544535 PG 8 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV18 UT WOS:000223712700017 ER PT S AU Jacobs, E Vollmerhausen, R Halford, C AF Jacobs, E Vollmerhausen, R Halford, C BE Holst, GC TI Modeling active imager performance SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XV CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE laser; turbulence; coherence; scintillation AB Active imaging systems with coherent or partially coherent illuminators differ significantly from passive incoherent imagers. The impact of atmospheric turbulence in active systems can be greater than in a passive systems and rough surface induced speckle is often present in the imagery. The nature of the target illumination is also of a significantly different character than in passive systems. Currently released NVESD models do not address these aspects of imaging for full or partially coherent illumination. Extensions of the NVESD models to account for the performance impact of turbulence and speckle have been completed. This paper outlines the methods used for modeling the performance of active imaging systems with particular attention to the impact of speckle and atmospheric scintillation. Results from perception experiments using simulated imagery are presented. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Jacobs, E (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5330-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5407 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1117/12.544540 PG 10 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV18 UT WOS:000223712700021 ER PT S AU Berger, H Rand, RS AF Berger, H Rand, RS BE Strojnik, M TI Fundamental reformulation of the radiative transport equation SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Geol Soc Amer DE radiative transport theory; integrodifferential equations; partial differential equations; frequency domain; time domain AB There is a branch of radiative transport theory that is customarily expressed with an integrodifferential equation or an integral equation. The new formulation in this article is, without approximation, expressed through partial differential equations in both the frequency and time domains. Its accuracy is demonstrated in the frequency domain by applying it to a problem solved long ago. It was expressed with the conventional integrodifferential equation. Confidence is bolstered in the new method by showing how the new method produces the identical analytical answer. This article also analyses a situation in the time domain in both the appropriate differential and integrodifferential equations and the identical results are again obtained. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Berger, H (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5481-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5543 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1117/12.559773 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBI75 UT WOS:000225669300015 ER PT S AU McMillan, RW Kirkland, JH Milton, OJ Holder, EJ AF McMillan, RW Kirkland, JH Milton, OJ Holder, EJ BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE Johnson, CB TI IR polarimetry and far IR imaging SO INFRARED SYSTEMS AND PHOTELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology CY AUG 02-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE AB The exploitation of infrared polarimetry has been shown to yield good results when applied to target discrimination in military applications and to civilian remote sensing problems. Similarly, numerous workers have shown that imaging sensors operating in the far infrared spectral bands may be useful in such counter-terror applications as concealed weapon and biological and chemical agent detection. Unfortunately, these detection and discrimination techniques have not been exploited because of the lack of suitable sensors capable of making the necessary measurements with acceptable sensitivity. In this paper we present and discuss several methods for measuring the polarization signature of a target scene using sensors with no moving parts. We also present and analyze a far infrared imaging system based on an uncooled bolometer focal plane an-ay. The methods of measuring polarization signature with no moving parts include a coherent in-phase and quadrature approach suitable for both broad- and narrow-band sensors, a broadband sensor using channeled spectropolarimetry, a variant of this latter method that involves correlation of the spectral signatures with those of known targets, and another variant that uses an electro-optic or an acousto-optic modulator. A focal plane an-ay of uncooled bolometers has been proposed before as a far infrared imaging system. One problem with such devices is that they are not sensitive enough to detect the low-intensity emission from a room-temperature blackbody in the far infrared bands. A potential solution to this problem is to use a high- or low-temperature blackbody to illuminate the scene to be imaged. In this paper, methods of measuring the infrared polarimetric signature and the far-infrared spatial signature of a scene will be presented and discussed. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP McMillan, RW (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, POB 1500, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5501-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5563 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1117/12.565671 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ52 UT WOS:000225817800012 ER PT S AU Bender, EJ Wood, MV Hart, S Heim, GB Torgerson, JA AF Bender, EJ Wood, MV Hart, S Heim, GB Torgerson, JA BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE Johnson, CB TI Characterization of photocathode dark current vs. temperature in image intensifier tube modules and intensified televisions SO INFRARED SYSTEMS AND PHOTELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology CY AUG 02-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE image intensifier; image-intensified TV; 12TV; equivalent background input; EBI; dark current AB Image intensifiers (I2) have gained wide acceptance throughout the Army as the premier nighttime mobility sensor for the individual soldier, with over 200,000 fielded systems. There is increasing need, however, for such a sensor with a video output, so that it can be utilized in remote vehicle platforms, and/or can be electronically fused with other sensors. The image-intensified television (I2TV), typically consisting of an image intensifier tube coupled via fiber optic to a solid-state imaging array, has been the primary solution to this need. I2TV platforms in vehicles, however, can generate high internal heat loads and must operate in high-temperature environments. Intensifier tube dark current, called "Equivalent Background Input" or "EBI", is not a significant factor at room temperature, but can seriously degrade image contrast and intra-scene dynamic range at such high temperatures. Cooling of the intensifier's photocathode is the only practical solution to this problem. The US Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) and Ball Aerospace have collaborated in the reported effort to more rigorously characterize intensifier EBI versus temperature. NVESD performed non-imaging EBI measurements of Generation 2 and 3 tube modules over a large range of ambient temperature, while Ball performed an imaging evaluation of Generation 3 I2TVs over a similar temperature range. The findings and conclusions of this effort are presented. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bender, EJ (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5501-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5563 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1117/12.562811 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ52 UT WOS:000225817800022 ER PT S AU Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dhar, N D'Souza, AI Stapelbroek, MG Edwall, D Arias, JM Bajaj, J AF Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dhar, N D'Souza, AI Stapelbroek, MG Edwall, D Arias, JM Bajaj, J BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Device analysis of MBE HgCdTe p-on-n photovoltaic detectors in the 5 to 15 mu m wavelength range SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE IR detectors; MBE; HgCdTe; photovoltaic detectors; remote sensing ID TECHNOLOGY; HG1-XCDXTE; GROWTH AB An attempt is made to connect the material parameters of Hg1-xCdxTe layer growth following photovoltaic detector fabrication. We found that the Cd composition X value extracted from spectral response measurements on detectors at 78 K are lower than the X values obtained from the room temperature transmission measurements, or the X value used to fit the measured material minority carrier lifetime versus temperature data. The lateral collection length L-c that determines the thermally generated carriers that contribute to the diffusion current and L-opt extracted from the "flood-illuminated" to "focused-spot" photocurrent ratio are in excellent agreement. Devices exhibit near theoretical R(o)A uniformity at 77K for MWIR, LWIR and VLWIR. R(o)A(opt) was also found to be uniform throughout the range of detector dimensions measured such as 8 mum diameter circular to 250 mum x 250 mum square. Median R(o)A(opt) values are 1266, 66 and 0.75 ohm-cm(2) for the 9.7, 11.3 and 15.4 mum cutoff wavelengths respectively. The uniformity in R(o)A(opt) confirms that the detector performance is limited by the bulk properties of the material, and not by surface effects. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wijewarnasuriya, PS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5329-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5406 BP 230 EP 238 DI 10.1117/12.540997 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAX97 UT WOS:000224150900027 ER PT S AU Wijewarnasuriya, PS Brill, G Chen, YP Dhar, NK Velicu, S AF Wijewarnasuriya, PS Brill, G Chen, YP Dhar, NK Velicu, S BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI LWIR MBE HgCdTe photovoltaic detectors grown on Si composite substrates SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE CdSeTe; CdTe/Si; LWIR; infrared detectors; molecular beam epitaxy; HgCdTe ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CDTE; HETEROEPITAXY; PERFORMANCE; PHOTODIODES; SI(100); DEFECTS; QUALITY; CDZNTE; LAYER AB At the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), a new ternary semiconductor system CdSexTe1-x/Si(211) is being investigated as an alternative substrate to Bulk-grown CdZnTe substrates for HgCdTe growth by molecular beam epitaxy. Under optimized conditions, best layers show surface defect densities less than 400 cm(-2) and full width at half maximum as low as 100 arcsec with excellent uniformity over 3 inch area. LWIR HgCdTe on CdTe/Si substrates have also been grown and characterized with optical, x-ray diffraction, etch pit etching and Hall effect measurements. Photo Voltaic devices fabricated on these LWIR material shows G-R limited performance at 78K indicating detector performance is not limited by the bulk properties of the grown material. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wijewarnasuriya, PS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Brill, Gregory/G-4877-2013 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5329-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5406 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1117/12.541606 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAX97 UT WOS:000224150900037 ER PT S AU Choi, KK Leung, KM Tamir, T Monroy, C Wang, F Tsui, DC AF Choi, KK Leung, KM Tamir, T Monroy, C Wang, F Tsui, DC BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Optimization of corrugated QWIPs for high-speed infrared imaging SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE QWIPs; electromagnetic modeling; high speed imaging ID PHOTODETECTORS; PERFORMANCE AB Corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors (C-QWIPs) offer simple detector architecture for large format infrared focal plane arrays. The detector relies on inclined sidewalls to couple normal incident light into the absorbing material. In this work, we describe the light coupling characteristics of C-QWIPs based on a simple geometrical-optics model and a rigorous modal transmission-line model. Based on these two theoretical models, we optimize the detector structure toward a large quantum efficiency eta. In addition, we investigated material structures that give both high photoconductive gain and large spectral bandwidth. Combining these two material properties with a large eta offered by the corrugated structure, the detector photocurrent can be greatly increased, which will be useful in high speed infrared imaging. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5329-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5406 BP 605 EP 616 DI 10.1117/12.540992 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAX97 UT WOS:000224150900067 ER PT S AU Goldberg, A Choi, KK AF Goldberg, A Choi, KK BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Recent progress in the application of large format and multispectral QWIP IRFPAs SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared; focal plane arrays; QWIP; large format; multispectral AB In recent years quantum well infrared (IR) photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array (FPA) technology has developed to the point where it may be considered a candidate for insertion into 3rd generation FLIR systems. Both large format (1024x1024 pixels) and multicolor (MWIR/LWIR and LWIR/LWIR) FPAs have been produced using QWIP technology. We report on the application of these new FPAs to the challenges facing today's military. These include the collection of signatures of buried land mines with a LWIR/LWIR dual-color QWIP and long-range tar-et detection/identification using a 1024x1024 FPA. The FPAs were produced from several sources. Large format LWIR FPAs were made by an ARL/NASA/Rockwell team using ARL's C-QWIP optical coupling scheme. Another larae-format FPA was obtained from QWIP Technologies, Inc. and is commercially available. The dual-color LWIR/LWIR FPA was produced by BAE Systems. Laboratory and field imagery from both types of FPAs are presented and analyzed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Electroopt & Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Goldberg, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Electroopt & Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5329-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5406 BP 624 EP 638 DI 10.1117/12.540400 PN 1&2 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAX97 UT WOS:000224150900069 ER PT S AU Thomson, GM McNeir, MR AF Thomson, GM McNeir, MR BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Impact flash - A tool for rapid battle damage assessment SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE impact flash; battle damage assessment; battlefield awareness AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is investigating visible and infrared impact flash signatures of kinetic energy and other munitions. The effort has two phases; one examines the detailed spectral and photometric characteristics of flash from controlled impacts at indoor ranges and is intended to provide a detailed, systematic database about impact signatures, while the second gathers similar impact signatures of U.S. rounds striking potential opponents' vehicles in the field. In both cases, the signatures are subsequently correlated with high-speed photography and the physical damage created. The results indicate that with minor modifications of basic KE rounds, flash signatures may have the potential to reveal who fired a round and whether it struck, penetrated, or even perforated the target. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Thomson, GM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5329-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5406 BP 690 EP 700 DI 10.1117/12.538654 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAX97 UT WOS:000224150900076 ER PT S AU Theisen, BL Maslach, D AF Theisen, BL Maslach, D BE Casasent, DP Hall, EL Roning, J TI The 12(TH) annual intelligent ground vehicle competition: Team approaches to intelligent vehicles SO INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND COMPUTER VISION XXII: ALGORITHMS, TECHNIQUES, AND ACTIVE VISION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXII - Algorithms, Techniques and Active Vision CY OCT 25-27, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, IEICE Commun Soc, IEICE Elect Soc DE intelligent robots; autonomous systems; ground vehicles; engineering education IGVC AB The Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of three, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) in the 1990s. The IGVC is a multidisciplinary exercise in product realization that challenges college engineering student teams to integrate advanced control theory, machine vision, vehicular electronics, and mobile platform fundamentals to design and build an unmanned system. Both U.S. and international teams focus on developing a suite of dual-use technologies to equip ground vehicles of the future with intelligent driving capabilities. Over the past 12 years, the competition has challenged undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. students with real world applications in intelligent transportation systems, the military and manufacturing automation. To date, teams from over 43 universities and colleges have participated. This paper describes some of the applications of the technologies required by this competition and discusses the educational benefits. The primary goal of the IGVC is to advance engineering education in intelligent vehicles and related technologies. The employment and professional networking opportunities created for students and industrial sponsors through a series of technical events over the three-day competition are highlighted. Finally, an assessment of the competition based on participant feedback is presented. C1 USA, Tank Automat Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Theisen, BL (reprint author), USA, Tank Automat Res Dev & Engn Ctr, 6501 E Eleven Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5561-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5608 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1117/12.597848 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BBK03 UT WOS:000225856700003 ER PT J AU Armacost, AP Barnhart, C Ware, KA Wilson, AM AF Armacost, AP Barnhart, C Ware, KA Wilson, AM TI UPS optimizes its air network SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE industries : transportation, shipping; transportation : models, network ID DESIGN-PROBLEMS; VALID INEQUALITIES; TRANSPORTATION; SEPARATION; ALGORITHMS; DELIVERY; FLOW; CUT AB Operations research specialists at UPS and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) created a system to optimize the design of service networks for delivering express packages. The system simultaneously determines aircraft routes, fleet assignments, and package routings to ensure overnight delivery at minimal cost. It has become central to the UPS planning process, fundamentally transforming the process and the underlying planning assumptions. Planners now use the system's solutions and insights to improve plans. UPS management credits the system with identifying operational changes that have saved over $87 million between 2000 and 2002. Anticipated future savings are expected to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. C1 USA, Air Force Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80920 USA. MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. UPS, Operat Res Grp, Louisville, KY 40223 USA. RP Armacost, AP (reprint author), USA, Air Force Acad, Dept Management, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6J100, Colorado Springs, CO 80920 USA. EM armacost@alum.mit.edu; cbarnhar@mit.edu; air2kaw@ups.com; air2amm@ups.com NR 20 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1287/inte.1030.0060 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 802PC UT WOS:000220174400004 ER PT J AU Bakas, MP Greenhut, VA Niesz, DE Quinn, GD McCauley, JW Wereszczak, AA Swab, JJ AF Bakas, MP Greenhut, VA Niesz, DE Quinn, GD McCauley, JW Wereszczak, AA Swab, JJ TI Anomalous defects and dynamic failure of armor ceramics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The ballistic performance of state-of-the-art silicon carbide armor material call exhibit a Fairly wide variability in certain rest configurations, which, it is proposed, may be due to the presence of large (> 0.1 mm), rare defects, termed, herein, "anomalous" defects. SiC rubble resulting from ballistic tests was examined, as were quasi-static test samples. Ballistic fragment fracture surfaces revealed large carbonaceous defects that seemed to affect fracture path and mode. Low-strength biaxial flexure samples demonstrated similar defects (> 0.1 mm) as failure origins. Carbonaceous defects similar in appearance but smaller in size were also found at the fracture origins of SiC bend bars. Frequently, alumina inclusions were found within the carbonaceous discontinuities. These alumina inclusions may cause the graphitic regions to form during sintering. The random distribution of such lame, rare carbonaceous discontinuities from sample-to-sample, as well as batch-to-batch variability, may explain high ballistic variability for SiC armor ceramics. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. RP Bakas, MP (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2004 VL 1 IS 3 BP 211 EP 218 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 914PO UT WOS:000228240100003 ER PT J AU Swab, JJ AF Swab, JJ TI Recommendations for determining the hardness of armor ceramics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC INDENTATION DAMAGE; CRACK SYSTEM; SIZE; GLASSES AB It is empirically known that an armor ceramic should be as hard or harder than the projectile it intends to defeat. Quasi-static indentation testing is one of the most widely utilized techniques for determining the hardness of armor ceramics. Hardness measurements can also be used to generate other property values that may be relevant to ballistic performance (fracture toughness, elastic properties, and even the yield strength). While the indentation methodologies are simple and straightforward, the resultant hardness values for ceramic materials can be influenced by the indenter geometry, indentation load, loading rare, specimen surface finish, and microstructure. This presentation will summarize the results of a study to determine the hardness of a variety of armor-grade ceramics with different indenter geometries (Vickers and Knoop) over a range of indentation loads (0.98-98 N) and discuss the implications for armor ceramics. The resulting data strongly indicate that the best means of determining the hardness of armor ceramics is the use of 19.6-N Knoop indentations. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Swab, JJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2004 VL 1 IS 3 BP 219 EP 225 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 914PO UT WOS:000228240100004 ER PT J AU Normandia, MJ AF Normandia, MJ TI Impact response and analysis of several silicon carbides SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL CAVITY-EXPANSION; HIGH-VELOCITY PENETRATION; LONG RODS; CERAMICS; INDENTATION; TARGETS; RESISTANCE; MODEL AB Several hot-pressed and sintered SiC variants were impacted with tungsten-carbide (WC) spheres at velocities up to 1700 m/s. Ballistic response curves of areal density penetrated as a function of impact velocity were generated to compare ceramics for ballistic applications. Observed response curve features are shown to be similar to those observed for metal impacts. Ballistics penetration models that captured these features for metal targets were utilized to analyze the ceramic data. Visual examination of damage type and extent suggested that cavity expansion expressions for target resistance might help to quantify the strength of fully confined, damaged, comminuted ceramics. The experimental results, visual observations, and preliminary analysis using a ballistics penetration model are presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Armor Mech Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Normandia, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Armor Mech Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2004 VL 1 IS 3 BP 226 EP 234 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 914PO UT WOS:000228240100005 ER PT J AU Jiao, T Li, YL Ramesh, KT Wereszczak, AA AF Jiao, T Li, YL Ramesh, KT Wereszczak, AA TI High rate response and dynamic failure of structural ceramics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSIVE STRESS STATES; SILICON-CARBIDE; BRITTLE SOLIDS; UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION; LATERAL CONFINEMENT; DAMAGE EVOLUTION; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATIONS; TRANSITION AB The process of dynamic failure of four structural ceramics subjected to unconfined uniaxial dynamic compression is investigated. The four materials examined are alpha-SiC, AD995 Al2O3, beta-Si3N4, and SiAlON. In each case, the dynamic failure process is studied through dynamic loading of cylindrical specimens within a compression Kolsky bar combined with high-speed photography. Strain rates in the range of 10(3) s(-1) are achieved (the corresponding loading rates are on the order of 200 MPa/mu s). The dynamic failure process for all four ceramics consists of the development and propagation of axial splitting cracks followed by columnar fragmentation. Macroscopic cracks (propagating with crack velocities of several hundred meters per second) and substantial volumetric strains are observed well before the peak strength is attained. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ramesh, KT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2004 VL 1 IS 3 BP 243 EP 253 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 914PO UT WOS:000228240100007 ER PT J AU Dandekar, DP AF Dandekar, DP TI Spall strength of silicon carbide under normal and simultaneous compression-shear shock wave loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Spall strength data of sintered and hot-pressed silicon carbide show an initial increase with an increase in the shock-induced stress to around 4 GPa. At impact stress around 6 GPa and above, spall strength data of these materials show a continuous decrease in the magnitude of spall strength.(1) This unusual trend in the spall strength of silicon carbides may be due to the competing roles of (i) localized plasticity, (ii) generation and propagation of cracks taking into consideration their relative dominance below and above a given magnitude of stress. This work presents the results of spall experiments conducted to test the relative dominance hypothesis by determining whether the observed initial increase in spall strength of silicon carbide is due to dominance of localized plastic deformation over crack-dominated brittle deformation, while the observed decline in the spall strength with an increase in the shock-induced stress reflects a dominance of crack-induced brittle deformation over plastic deformation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dandekar, DP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2004 VL 1 IS 3 BP 261 EP 268 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 914PO UT WOS:000228240100009 ER PT J AU Proctor, MD Panko, M Donovan, SJ AF Proctor, MD Panko, M Donovan, SJ TI Considerations for training team situation awareness and task performance through PC-gamer simulated multiship helicopter operations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In this research, we considered the development and implementation of a Targeted Acceptable Response to Generated Events or Tasks methodology (Fowlkes, Dwyer, Oser, Salas, 1998; Fowlkes, Lane, Salas, Franz, & Oser, 1994) for training of intercockpit team situational awareness and task performance. Additionally, we considered the usability and suitability of a PC-gamer approach for simulation of multiship helicopter operations. In this research, we extended the concept of situation awareness and task performance from the traditional intracockpit crew focus to an intercockpit team perspective. That extension necessitated the development of evaluation instruments that link events, which affect the multiship aviation team, to their situational awareness and task performance. Further, we discuss the usability of the off-the-shelf PC-gamer interface and software used in the research along with suggestions for future research. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Proctor, MD (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, POB 162450, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM mproctor@mail.ucf.edu NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.1207/s15327108ijap1402_5 PG 15 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 819AH UT WOS:000221285100005 ER PT J AU Filipi, Z Louca, L Daran, B Lin, CC Yildir, U Wu, B Kokkolaras, M Assanis, D Peng, H Papalambros, P Stein, J Szkubiel, D Chapp, R AF Filipi, Z. Louca, L. Daran, B. Lin, C. -C. Yildir, U. Wu, B. Kokkolaras, M. Assanis, D. Peng, H. Papalambros, P. Stein, J. Szkubiel, D. Chapp, R. TI Combined optimisation of design and power management of the hydraulic hybrid propulsion system for the 6x6 medium truck SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAVY VEHICLE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE heavy vehicles; hybrid propulsion systems; optimisation of propulsion; optimisation of vehicle systems; power management ID DIESEL-ENGINE SIMULATION; TRANSIENT; TORQUE AB Hybrid propulsion systems are one of the critical technologies on the roadmap to future ultra-efficient trucks. While there is a significant body of work related to hybrid passenger cars and light commercial trucks, there are many open issues related to hybridisation of heavier trucks intended for both on- and off-road use. This work addresses those questions through a systematic analysis of the proposed parallel hydraulic hybrid powertrain for the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV). A representative duty cycle for the FMTV is generated based on information about the typical vehicle mission. A methodology for sequential optimisation of hybrid propulsion and power management systems is applied to a hydraulic hybrid configuration with post-transmission motor location. This analysis is critical in evaluating the fuel economy and mobility potential of the hybrid propulsion system, as well as enhancing our understanding of the phenomena leading to predicted fuel economy values. C1 Univ Michigan, Ctr Automat Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Natl Automot Ctr, RDECOM, Washington, DC USA. RP Filipi, Z (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Automat Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Kokkolaras, Michael/H-7479-2012 NR 38 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 8 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1744-232X J9 INT J HEAVY VEH SYST JI Int. J. Heavy Veh. Syst. PY 2004 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 372 EP 402 DI 10.1504/IJHVS.2004.005458 PG 31 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 078TQ UT WOS:000240127300008 ER PT J AU Tyrrell, AJ Benedix, DC AF Tyrrell, AJ Benedix, DC TI Two cases of atlar anomalies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atlas; posterior arch; developmental aplasia; occipital; CILHI; missing in action ID POSTERIOR ARCH; CERVICAL-SPINE; CLEFT AB We present two cases with first cervical (atlas) vertebral anomalies. The individuals exhibiting these anomalies were recovered as part of the United States Army Central Identification Laboratory, Hawaii's global mission to recover missing United States service personnel. Both of these anomalies were potentially clinically significant to the individuals in vivo but it appears that both managed to survive the hardships of military life until the incidents associated with their loss. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Cent Identif Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Tyrrell, AJ (reprint author), USA, Cent Identif Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM tyrrella@cilhi.army.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1047-482X J9 INT J OSTEOARCHAEOL JI Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1002/oa.712 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 777EL UT WOS:000189162600005 ER PT J AU Freeman, DC Brown, ML Duda, JJ Graham, JH Emlen, JM Krzysik, AJ Balbach, H Kovacic, DA Zak, JC AF Freeman, DC Brown, ML Duda, JJ Graham, JH Emlen, JM Krzysik, AJ Balbach, H Kovacic, DA Zak, JC TI Developmental instability in Rhus copallinum L.: Multiple stressors, years, and responses SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fluctuating asymmetry; sumac; internode allometry; soil disturbance; fire ID LEAF FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; SAND PINE SCRUB; PRESCRIBED FIRE; BIRCH LEAVES; PLANTS; VEGETATION; INCREASES; AVAILABILITY; ALLOCATION; RADIATION AB Developmental instability, as assessed by leaf fluctuating asymmetry and stem internode allometry, was examined at nine sites, representing three levels of disturbance, over multiple years. Site selection was based on land-use disturbance classes related to training of mechanized infantry and other land management activities at Fort Benning, Georgia. Developmental instability varied among sites and years, and there was a strong site-by-year interaction for many traits. Indeed, depending on the year, the same site could be ranked as having the greatest and least amount of leaf fluctuating asymmetry. Burning a site the year prior to collecting the leaves profoundly influenced measures of leaf fluctuating asymmetry. In the absence of recent burning, leaf fluctuating asymmetry declined with increasing disturbance, but burning the year prior to collecting the leaves reversed this trend. Total plant cover, proportion of bare ground, and amount of plant litter influenced the amount of leaf asymmetry in a site-dependent manner. Overall, burning influenced the levels of developmental instability more than either disturbance or microhabitat variables such as total plant cover, which should reflect competition in a plant's immediate neighborhood. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. Prescott Coll, Inst Ecol Res, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Landscape Architecture, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Freeman, DC (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol, 5047 Gullen Mall 1360, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM cfreeman@sun.science.wayne.edu RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 165 IS 1 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1086/380986 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 815PF UT WOS:000221053500005 ER PT J AU Howe, JG Chrstos, JP Allen, RW Myers, TT Lee, D Liang, CY Gorsich, DJ Reid, AA AF Howe, JG Chrstos, JP Allen, RW Myers, TT Lee, D Liang, CY Gorsich, DJ Reid, AA TI Quarter car model stress analyses for terrain/road profile ratings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VEHICLE DESIGN LA English DT Article DE International Roughness Index (IRI); fatigue; Power Spectral Density (PSD); repetitions ot failure; Root Mean Square of Elevation (RMSE); Speed Roughness Index (SRI); terrain rating AB The US Army currently uses the root mean square of elevation (RMSE) and power spectral density (PSD) to characterise road/terrain roughness for ground vehicle durability assessment. This paper describes research aimed toward improving these measures. One potential method is running a relatively simple, yet vehicle class specific model over a given terrain and using predicted vehicle response(s) to characterise the terrain. A precedent for this concept is the International Roughness Index (IRI), used in the highway industry. The IRI consists of a simple tyre model and quarter car vehicle model run at a specified speed to estimate suspension velocity over a road profile. Another method of estimating road roughness is fatigue analysis. In this study, a generic specimen was subjected to the quarter car suspension forces. The stresses developed were used to make a fatigue life cycle prediction. This paper presents the key concepts and results from this analysis. C1 USA, RDECOM, Natl Automot Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Howe, JG (reprint author), 4115 Ashmore Rd, Columbus, OH 43220 USA. EM gavin@systemstech.com; jchrstos@systemstech.com; rwallen@systemstech.com; tmyers@systemstech.com; dclee@systemstech.com; chiliang@systemstech.com; gorsichd@tacom.army.mil NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0143-3369 J9 INT J VEHICLE DES JI Int. J. Veh. Des. PY 2004 VL 36 IS 2-3 BP 248 EP 269 DI 10.1504/IJVD.2004.005359 PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 863AL UT WOS:000224532500010 ER PT S AU Loveridge, VA Milch, LE AF Loveridge, VA Milch, LE BE Komolprasert, V Morehouse, KM TI Physical evaluation of high-dose irradiated multilayer pouches SO IRRADIATION OF FOOD AND PACKAGING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Food Irradiation and Packing for Irradiated Food CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem AB High-dose irradiated shelf-stable entrees, prepared by the U.S. Army Soldier Systems Command-Natick for NASA, have a formal FDA approval which includes a waiver for packaging material. The total entree process includes filling, vacuum evacuation/sealing, insertion into paperboard cartons, dry ice freezing and shipping, irradiation, thawing and return shipment. In order to minimize package failure five candidate pouches were evaluated including the current "Quad" pouch used for Meal, Ready to Eat (MRE) entrees. Testing included seal strength, leak tests, drop and vibration tests, frozen pouch abuse and internal pressure resistance. Significant losses in seal strength were found in four pouches. Separate evaluation eliminated the freezing step as contributing to seal strength reduction. Internal pressure resistance, a MIZE requirement, indicated no sample failures. If pouches have sufficient seal strength initially then seal strength reduction appears to be of minor concern. (C) 2004 American Chemical Society. C1 USA, Dept Def Combat Feeding Program, Biol & Chem Command, SBCCOM, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Loveridge, VA (reprint author), USA, Dept Def Combat Feeding Program, Biol & Chem Command, SBCCOM, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3869-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2004 VL 875 BP 305 EP 313 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Polymer Science GA BY69K UT WOS:000189440600019 ER PT B AU Schuschereba, ST Stuck, BE Marshall, J AF Schuschereba, ST Stuck, BE Marshall, J GP MEDIMOND TI Massive glucocorticoid therapy exacerbates laser-induced retinal trauma SO ISOPT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics CY MAR 11-14, 2004 CL Monte Carlo, MONACO ID SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; INDUCTION AB New Zealand Red rabbits (n=37) were either dosed with methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP, tapered at 30, 30, 20, 20, and 10 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days, n=18) about 20 min before laser irradiation or were left untreated (n=19). Retinas were irradiated with an argon laser (285 mW/10ms). Fluorescein angiography showed that nonhemorrhagic control lesions leaked up to 3d post injury, but MP-treated lesions leaked for 5-7 days. At 3 h, neutrophil (PMNs) numbers in lesions were not reduced by MP. At 24 h, retinal PMN values in hemorrhagic lesions of the MP group were elevated (p < 0.05) while monocyte/macrophage counts were reduced (p < 0.05) compared to control. MP promoted early retinal holes at 4d, contributed to retinal hole development at 1 mo followed by enhanced chorio-retinal scarring at 6 mo, and did not protect photoreceptors. Due to a variety of untoward wound healing outcomes, caution is suggested in use of MP to treat similar injuries in humans. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Marshall, J (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND PUBLISHING CO PI BOLOGNA PA VIA RUBBIANI 6/2, 40124 BOLOGNA, ITALY BN 88-7587-100-0 PY 2004 BP 267 EP 272 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Ophthalmology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BBR25 UT WOS:000227351700045 ER PT B AU Van Poppel, BP Benson, MJ Boettner, DD Ozer, A Arnas AF Van Poppel, BP Benson, MJ Boettner, DD Ozer, A Arnas BE Akpinar, Y TI Virtual laboratory development for undergraduate engineering courses SO ITHET 2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BASED HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2004 CL Istanbul, TURKEY AB The mechanical engineering program at the United States Military Academy (USMA) lots recently explored virtual laboratories for its undergraduate thermodynamics course to complement-or someday replace-existing full-scale laboratory equipment. During the fall term 2003, mechanical engineering faculty developed a virtual gas turbine laboratory and offered a fully digital virtual laboratory exercise in the undergraduate thermodynamics course. By digitally reproducing the laboratory setup, introduction, instrumentation, data collection and analysis, the virtual experience captured the essence of the laboratory. This paper explores virtual laboratory development and future opportunities for virtual educational events. Results of the first version of the USMA Virtual Gas Turbine Laboratory and details of its development are provided. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8596-9 PY 2004 BP 644 EP 649 DI 10.1109/ITHET.2004.1358251 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BAX38 UT WOS:000224078100125 ER PT J AU Marshall, DA Walizer, E Vernalis, MN AF Marshall, DA Walizer, E Vernalis, MN TI Optimal healing environments for chronic cardiovascular disease SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd American Samueli Symposium on Toward Healing Environments in Health Care CY JAN 23-26, 2004 CL Newport Beach, CA SP Samueli Inst ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; LIFE-STYLE CHANGES; HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; PSYCHOLOGICAL-FACTORS; INTERCESSORY PRAYER; CLINICAL-TRIALS; HEALTH-POLICY; CARE UNIT AB A substantial increase in chronic cardiovascular disease is projected for the next several decades. This is attributable to an aging population and accelerated rates of obesity and diabetes. Despite technological advances that have improved survival for acute events, there is suboptimal translation of research knowledge for prevention and treatment of chronic cardiovascular illness. Beginning with a brief review of the demographics and pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, this paper discusses the obstacles and approaches to optimal care of patients with chronic cardiovascular disease. The novel concept of an optimal healing environment (OHE) is defined and explored as a model for integrative cardiac health care. Aspects generally under-examined in cardiac care such as intrapersonal/interpersonal characteristics of the health care provider and patient, mind/body/spirit wholeness and healing versus curing are discussed, as is the impact psychosocial factors may have on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular health. Information from research on the impact of an OHE might renew the healing mission in medicine, reveal new approaches for healing the heart and establish the importance of a heart-mind-body connection. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Coronary Artery Dis Reversal Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Integrat Cardiac Hlth Project, Laurel, MD USA. RP Marshall, DA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Coronary Artery Dis Reversal Program, Bldg 2,Ward 55,6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Debra.Marshall@na.amedd.army.mil NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PY 2004 VL 10 SU 1 BP S147 EP S155 PG 9 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 861ZB UT WOS:000224456100016 PM 15630832 ER PT J AU Osuch, E Engel, CC AF Osuch, E Engel, CC TI Research on the treatment of trauma spectrum responses: The role of the optimal healing environment and neurobiology SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd American Samueli Symposium on Toward Healing Environments in Health Care CY JAN 23-26, 2004 CL Newport Beach, CA SP Samueli Inst ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; CHRONIC SOCIAL STRESS; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; EYE-MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION; AMBULATORY BLOOD-PRESSURE; SEXUAL ASSAULT SURVIVORS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CLINICAL-TRIAL AB This paper presents a research agenda for the use of optimal healing environments (OHEs) for the treatment (and possible prevention) of the negative effects of exposure to extreme environmental stress or trauma. As background for understanding, this paper starts by briefly introducing the unique perspective of psychiatry in the field of OHEs. It then describes the nature of trauma spectrum responses including the best-known psychiatric response, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a description of the current accepted treatments for PTSD, and the status of research in alternative and complementary treatments for PTSD. These are followed by a discussion of the emerging role of clinical neurobiology in mental health, specifically the potential for the use of neuroimaging in filling a gap in methods of evaluating OHEs in trauma research. Last, it provides a list of important potential topics of research within the fields of trauma responses, neuroscience and OHEs. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Osuch, E (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM eosuch@usuhs.mil RI Osuch, Elizabeth/B-5009-2015 OI Osuch, Elizabeth/0000-0001-5946-1862 NR 152 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PY 2004 VL 10 SU 1 BP S211 EP S221 PG 11 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 861ZB UT WOS:000224456100022 PM 15630838 ER PT J AU Mitra, S Rao, MV Papanicolaou, N Jones, KA Derenge, M Holland, OW Vispute, RD Wilson, SR AF Mitra, S Rao, MV Papanicolaou, N Jones, KA Derenge, M Holland, OW Vispute, RD Wilson, SR TI Deep-level transient spectroscopy study on double implanted n(+)-p and p(+)-n 4H-SiC diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIC POWER DEVICES; ION-IMPLANTATION; JUNCTION DIODES; BORON; ALUMINUM; SILICON; CENTERS; TRAPS AB Planar n(+)-p and p(+)-n junction diodes, fabricated in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers using a double-implantation technology (a deep-range acceptor followed by a shallow-range donor implantation and vice versa), are characterized using capacitance deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) to detect deep levels, which may influence device electrical performance. Either Al or B was used as the acceptor, while N or P was used as the donor, with all implants performed at 700 degreesC and annealed at 1600-1650 degreesC with an AlN protection cap. Different traps were observed for the various dopants, which are believed to be related to different impurity-defect complexes. A trap at similar toE(V)+0.51 eV was observed in nitrogen-implanted samples, while an acceptor trap at similar toE(V)+0.28 eV and a donor trap at similar toE(C)-0.42 eV were observed in Al-implanted samples. A prominent boron-related D-center trap at similar toE(V)+0.63 eV is seen in the DLTS spectra of B-implanted diodes. In diodes with implanted phosphorus, three traps at similar toE(V)+0.6 eV, E-V+0.7 eV, and E-V+0.92 eV, are seen, which are not observed for implantations of other species. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Motorola Inc, SPS, Digital DNA Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Mitra, S (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1063/1.1623631 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QL UT WOS:000187341900012 ER PT J AU Kalayci, O Sonna, LA Woodruff, PG Camargo, CA Luster, AD Lilly, CM AF Kalayci, O Sonna, LA Woodruff, PG Camargo, CA Luster, AD Lilly, CM TI Monocyte chemotactic protein-4 (MCP-4; CCL-13): A biomarker of asthma SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; chemokine; biomarker; MCP-4; inflammation ID CC-CHEMOKINE; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; EXPRESSION; EOTAXIN; CELLS; INFLAMMATION; EOSINOPHILS; CYTOKINES; ACTIVATION; POPULATION AB Airway expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-4 (MCP-4; CCL-13) is known to be increased in asthmatic airways where it is induced by proallergic cytokines, but the relationship of its systemic expression to asthma and naturally occurring exacerbations is unknown. We determined plasma levels of MCP-4 in 356 individuals with chronic-stable asthma and 240 normal subjects and compared plasma levels of MCP-4 in 30 patients who presented for emergent treatment of asthma with levels in 90 subjects with chronic-stable asthma matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. Median plasma MCP-4 levels were higher in patients with chronic-stable asthma than in normal subjects (399 vs. 307 pg/mL) (p < 0.001). In our entire cohort (n = 596), subjects with an MCP-4 greater than or equal to 218 pg/mL were at increased risk of asthma (p < 0.001 odds ratio, 3.26; 95% Cl, 2.22-4.79). Logistic regression identified MCP-4 as an independent predictor of asthma diagnosis. The MCP-4 levels are higher in individuals with an acute asthma exacerbation than in subjects with chronic-stable asthma (513 vs. 355 pg/mL) (p = 0.002). The MCP-4 is a systemically expressed biomarker that independently predicts susceptibility to asthma and is directly associated with exacerbations. Elevated MCP-4 levels identify a group of asthmatics with systemic evidence of allergic inflammation who may be at risk for exacerbations or may benefit from abrogation of MCP-4. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp,Channing Lab,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Combined Program Pulm & Crit Care Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Immunol & Inflammatory Dis,Div Rheumatol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Lilly, CM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp,Channing Lab,Dept Med, 75 Francis St,Tower 4, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM clilly@partners.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL/AI-64104]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 40618] NR 24 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2004 VL 41 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1081/JAS-120024590 PG 7 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 805CZ UT WOS:000220345700004 PM 15046375 ER PT J AU Brown, LL Martin, BL Morris, MJ AF Brown, LL Martin, BL Morris, MJ TI Airway hyperresponsiveness by methacholine challenge testing following negative exercise challenge SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE methacholine challenge testing; exercise-induced bronchospasm; airway hyperresponsiveness; exercise challenge testing ID INDUCED BRONCHOSPASM; ASTHMATIC SUBJECTS; PROVOCATION; OBSTRUCTION AB Background. Exercise challenge testing (ECT) to diagnose exercise-induced bronchospasm has been demonstrated to be an insensitive screening test to demonstrate the presence or absence of airway hyperreactivity. Previous studies have not compared this procedure to methacholine challenge testing (MCT) in a clinical setting. Objective. To determine the frequency of positive MCT in subjects with exertional dyspnea, normal baseline spirometry, and negative ECT. Methods. Observational study of 215 military patients at an Army Community Hospital referred for evaluation of exertional dyspnea with normal baseline spirometry. Subjects were further evaluated with ECT on a graded treadmill with pre- and postexercise spirometry. Those without evidence of bronchial hyperreactivity as defined by a 15% decrease in FEV1 postexercise were evaluated with methacholine challenge testing (MCT). Results. Two hundred ten military subjects were evaluated. Eighty-two patients underwent ECT as the only method of bronchoprovocation testing with 25 positive tests (57 were negative but not referred for further testing). The remaining 128 patients with a negative ECT underwent MCT. Seventy-six (59%) had a negative MCT and 52 (41%) had a positive MCT. Of the positive MCT studies, 74% were positive at a methacholine concentration of 2.5 mg/mL or less. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that a significant number of patients being evaluated for exertional dyspnea will have a positive MCT after a negative ECT. Our findings lead us to question the utility of ECT as an initial diagnostic test for the exercise-induced bronchospasm. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm Dis Crit Care Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Allergy Immunol Serv, Ft Lewis, WA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Allergy Immunol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Morris, MJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm Dis Crit Care Serv, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Suite A, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM michael.morris@amedd.army.mil NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2004 VL 41 IS 5 BP 553 EP 558 DI 10.1081/JAS-120037656 PG 6 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 851GK UT WOS:000223673400007 PM 15360064 ER PT J AU Blanton, JL D'Ambrozio, JA Sistrunk, JE Midboe, EG AF Blanton, JL D'Ambrozio, JA Sistrunk, JE Midboe, EG TI Global changes in the expression patterns of RNA isolated from the hippocampus and cortex of VX exposed mice SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VX; affymetrix; self organizing maps; low dose; organophosphate ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; CARBOXYLESTERASE; ORGANOPHOSHPATE; PHOSPHATE; TOXICITY; MEMORY; AGENTS AB One of the established activities of the nerve agent VX is inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This inhibition affects the cholinergic nervous system by decreasing the activity of the neurotransmitter-hydrolyzing enzyme cholinesterase (ChE). In an effort to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathways affected by low-level exposure to VX, an expression profiling approach was used to identify genes with altered RNA expression patterns after exposure. Specifically, mice were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 LD(50) VX for a period of 2 weeks. At 2 h, 72 h, and 2 weeks after the final exposure, RNA was isolated from both the hippocampus and the cortex. Changes in gene expression levels were assessed by DNA microarray technology and grouped according to their expression patterns. Data presented here demonstrate that 2 weeks postexposure all up-regulated gene expression has returned to pre-exposure levels, including genes related to the central nervous system. Additionally, this investigation has revealed non-AChE pathway genes involved in other neuronal functions that display altered expression profiles after VX exposure. (c) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Midboe, EG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM eric.midboe@amedd.army.mil NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1002/jbt.20015 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 912JQ UT WOS:000228074400001 PM 15252866 ER PT J AU Rogers, JV Choi, YW Kiser, RC Babin, MC Casillas, RP Schlager, JJ Sabourin, CLK AF Rogers, JV Choi, YW Kiser, RC Babin, MC Casillas, RP Schlager, JJ Sabourin, CLK TI Microarray analysis of gene expression in murine skin exposed to sulfur mustard SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard (SM); skin; inflammation; microarray; gene expression; mouse ID ACID RECEPTOR-BETA; NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; EAR VESICANT MODEL; CANCER-CELL-LINES; RETINOIC ACID; SUBSTANCE-P; CYCLIN-G; PIG SKIN; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE; HISTOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES AB The chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard [bis-(2-chloroethyl)-sulfide; SM] produces a delayed inflammatory response followed, by blister formation in skin of exposed individuals. Studies are underway evaluating the efficacy of pharmacological compounds to protect against SM skin injury. Microarray analysis provides the opportunity to identify multiple transcriptional biomarkers associated with SM exposure. This study examined SM-induced changes in gene expression in skin from mice cutaneously exposed to SM using cDNA microarrays. Ear skin from five mice, paired as SM-exposed right ear and dichloromethane vehicle-exposed left ear at six dose levels (0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.16 mg; 6 mM to 195 mM range), was harvested at 24 h post-exposure. SM-induced gene expression was analyzed using cDNA microarrays that included 1,176 genes. Genes were selected on the basis of all mice (N = 5) in the same dose group demonstrating a >= 2-fold increase or decrease in gene expression for the SM-exposed tissue compared to the dichloromethane vehicle control ear tissue at all six SM doses. When skin exposed to all six concentrations of SM was compared to controls, a total of 19 genes within apoptosis, transcription factors, cell cycle, inflammation, and oncogenes and tumor suppressors categories were found to be upregulated; no genes were observed to be downregulated. Differences in the number and category of genes that were up- or down-regulated in skin exposed to low (0.005-0.01 mg) and high (0.08-0.16 mg) doses of SM were also observed. The results of this study provide a further understanding of the molecular responses to cutaneous SM exposure, and enable the identification of potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for treating SM injury. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sabourin, CLK (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM sabourinc@battelle.org NR 65 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2004 VL 18 IS 6 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1002/jbt.20043 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 917IX UT WOS:000228455400001 PM 15674843 ER PT J AU Sabourin, CLK Rogers, JV Choi, YW Kiser, RC Casillas, RP Babin, MC Schlager, JJ AF Sabourin, CLK Rogers, JV Choi, YW Kiser, RC Casillas, RP Babin, MC Schlager, JJ TI Time- and dose-dependent analysis of gene expression using microarrays in sulfur mustard-exposed mice SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard (SM); skin; inflammation; microarray; gene expression; mouse ID LEUKOTRIENE B-4 RECEPTOR; EAR VESICANT MODEL; HIGH ENDOTHELIAL VENULES; DNA-DAMAGE CHECKPOINT; INDUCIBLE 204 GENE; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; HISTOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES; ADHESION MOLECULES; THERAPEUTIC TARGET; PROTEASE ACTIVITY AB The chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (SM) produces blister formation with a severe inflammatory reaction in skin of exposed individuals. The development of efficacious countermeasures against SM vesication requires an understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanism of SM-induced tissue injury. This study examined SM-induced alterations in gene expression using Atlas Mouse 5K DNA microarrays (5002 genes) to identify transcriptional events associated with SM skin injury. Mice (N = 3) were exposed topically to SM (0.04, 0.08, and 0.16 mg; 48.8, 97.5, and 195 mM) on the inner surface of the right ear and skin tissues were harvested at 1.5,3,6, and 12h. Genes were selected based on the three mice in the same dose group demonstrating a >= 2-fold increase or decrease in gene expression for the SM-exposed tissue when compared to the dichloromethane vehicle control ear at all three doses and four time points. At the 0.04 mg SM dose, the genes observed were primarily involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. Exposure to 0.08 mg SM increased the expression of genes related to inflammation and cell cycle regulation. Exposure to 0.16 mg SM led to a total of six genes that were changed at all observed time periods; however, these genes do not appear to be directly influential in biological mechanisms such as inflammation, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation as was observed at the lower SM doses of 0.04 and 0.08 mg. These functional categories have been observed in previous studies utilizing both in vivo and in vitro model systems of SM-induced dermal injury, suggesting that molecular mechanisms associated with inflammation, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation may be appropriate targets for developing prophylactic/therapeutic treatments for SM skin injury. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sabourin, CLK (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM sabourinc@battelle.org NR 80 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2004 VL 18 IS 6 BP 300 EP 312 DI 10.1002/jbt.20047 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 917IX UT WOS:000228455400002 PM 15674844 ER PT J AU Pike, BR Flint, J Dave, JR Lu, XCM Wang, KKK Tortella, FC Hayes, RL AF Pike, BR Flint, J Dave, JR Lu, XCM Wang, KKK Tortella, FC Hayes, RL TI Accumulation of calpain and caspase-3 proteolytic fragments of brain-derived alpha II-spectrin in cerebral spinal fluid after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats SO JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE calpain; caspase-3; ischemia; stroke; biomarker; fodrin ID NEURON-SPECIFIC ENOLASE; ACUTE ISCHEMIC-STROKE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CURRENT TRIAL DESIGNS; MILD HEAD-INJURY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; CARDIAC-ARREST; SEPTOHIPPOCAMPAL CULTURES; DNA FRAGMENTATION; PROGNOSTIC MARKER AB Preclinical studies have identified numerous neuroprotective drugs that attenuate brain damage and improve functional outcome after cerebral ischemia. Despite this success in animal models, neuroprotective therapies in the clinical setting have been unsuccessful. Identification of biochemical markers common to preclinical and clinical cerebral ischemia will provide a more sensitive and objective measure of injury severity and outcome to facilitate clinical management and treatment. However, there are currently no effective biomarkers available for assessment of stroke. Nonerythroid (AI-spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein that is cleaved by calpain and caspase-3 proteases to signature alphaII-spectrin breakdown products (alphaII-SBDPs) after cerebral ischemia in rodents. This investigation examined accumulation of calpain- and caspase-3-cleaved alphaII-SBDPs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rodents subjected to 2 hours of transient focal cerebral ischemia produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. After MCAO injury, full-length all-spectrin protein was decreased in brain tissue and increased in CSF from 24 to 72 hours after injury. Whereas alphaII-SBDPs were undetectable in sham-injured control animals, calpain but not caspase-3 specific alphaII-SBDPs were significantly increased in CSF after injury. However, caspase-3 alphaII-SBDPS were observed in CSF of some injured animals. These results indicate that alphaII-SBDP's detected in CSF after injury, particularly those mediated by calpain, may be useful diagnostic indicators of cerebral infarction that can provide important information about specific neurochemical events that have occurred in the brain after acute stroke. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Neurosci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Traumat Brain Injury Studies, EL & WL McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Pike, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Gen Med Sci, Off Sci Review, Bldg 45,Room 3An 18,45 Ctr Dr,MSC 6200, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. OI Wang, Kevin/0000-0002-9343-6473 FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS39091, R01 NS40182] NR 57 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-678X J9 J CEREBR BLOOD F MET JI J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 98 EP 106 DI 10.1097/01.WCB.0000098520.11962.37 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 757TL UT WOS:000187577500011 PM 14688621 ER PT J AU Horvath, LL George, BJ Murray, CK Harrison, LS Hospenthal, DR AF Horvath, LL George, BJ Murray, CK Harrison, LS Hospenthal, DR TI Direct comparison of the BACTEC 9240 and BacT/ALERT 3D automated blood culture systems for Candida growth detection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROBIC FAN MEDIUM; STREAM INFECTIONS; PLUS AEROBIC/F; UNITED-STATES; TERMINAL SUBCULTURES; BOTTLES; FUNGEMIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BACTEREMIA; MEDIA AB A direct comparison of two automated blood culture systems was conducted to compare their ability to detect Candida growth. The systems evaluated were the BACTEC 9240 (Bactec) and BacT/ALERT 3D (BacT). The aerobic, anaerobic, and mycology media for each system were evaluated: Bactec Plus Aerobic/F, Plus Anaerobic/F, and Myco/F Lytic bottles,, respectively, and BacT FA, SN, and MB bottles, respectively. Each blood culture bottle was inoculated with fresh blood from healthy donors. Fifty isolates of Candida spp. were used. The six different blood culture bottles were each inoculated with 1,000 yeasts per bottle and then incubated in the corresponding automated system. The BacT detected growth of 90% (135 of 150) of Candida pathogens, while Bactec detected 66% (100 of 150). Growth was detected in all BacT and Bactec mycology bottles, all BacT aerobic bottles, and by terminal subculture of all bottles. Sixty-five of 300 (22%) bottles had no growth detected; 50 from the Bactec (5 aerobic and 45 anaerobic) and 15 from the BacT (all anaerobic). Terminal subculture of "negative" bottles demonstrated viable yeast growth from all 65 bottles, representing 65 false-negatives. The mean time to growth detection in the BacT system was 25.62 h while the Bactec was 27.30 h (P < 0.01). Both automated blood culture systems detected all episodes of simulated candidemia when specialized mycology media were used. However, when only standard aerobic and anaerobic media were used, the BacT performed better than the Bactec in overall growth detection, time to growth detection, and number of false-negatives. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Area Lab Support, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Horvath, LL (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, MCHE-MDI,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Lynn.Horvath@amedd.army.mil NR 29 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.1.115-118.2004 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 763VU UT WOS:000188121800018 PM 14715740 ER PT J AU Hurtle, W Bode, E Kulesh, DA Kaplan, RS Garrison, J Bridge, D House, M Frye, MS Loveless, B Norwood, D AF Hurtle, W Bode, E Kulesh, DA Kaplan, RS Garrison, J Bridge, D House, M Frye, MS Loveless, B Norwood, D TI Detection of the Bacillus anthracis gyrA gene by using a minor groove binder probe SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RPOB SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; THURINGIENSIS STRAINS; INTERVENING SEQUENCE; CHROMOSOMAL DNA; CEREUS STRAINS; PCR DETECTION; B-CEREUS; IDENTIFICATION AB Identification of chromosomal markers for rapid detection of Bacillus anthracis is difficult because significant chromosomal homology exists among B. anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis. We evaluated the bacterial gyrA gene as a potential chromosomal marker for B. anthracis. A real-time PCR assay was developed for the detection of B. anthracis. After analysis of the unique nucleotide sequence of the B. anthracis gyrA gene, a fluorescent 3' minor groove binding probe was tested with 171 organisms from 29 genera of bacteria, including 102 Bacillus strains. The assay was found to be specific for all 43 strains of B. anthracis tested. In addition, a test panel of 105 samples was analyzed to evaluate the potential diagnostic capability of the assay. The assay showed 100% specificity, demonstrating the usefulness of the gyrA gene as a specific chromosomal marker for B. anthracis. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Clin Res Management, N Royalton, OH 44133 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. Geo Ctr, Newton, MA USA. RP Norwood, D (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM David.Norwood@det.amedd.army.mil NR 57 TC 55 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1128/JCM.421.179-185.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 763VU UT WOS:000188121800028 PM 14715750 ER PT J AU Fang, ZB Sun, W Tzeng, JT AF Fang, ZB Sun, W Tzeng, JT TI Asymptotic homogenization and numerical implementation to predict the effective mechanical properties for electromagnetic composite conductor SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE homogenization theory; electromagnetic composite conductor; composite unit cell; effective properties; characterization AB Conventional mechanics-based homogenization model and the finite element approaches have inherent limitations and errors when applying to calculate the effective properties of composites. These errors are either caused from the upper and lower bounds due to the difference of the prescribed boundary conditions, or from the effect of the size and the boundary condition of the representative element. Asymptotic theory-based homogenization does not have the inherent bounds and boundary errors but requires a complicated numerical implementation in order to apply the theory. This paper reports a development of an asymptotic theory-based homogenization approach with its numerical implementation and considers its application to predicting the effective mechanical properties of electric conductor consisting of conductor core and multi-layered composite insulations. The numerical implementation is developed based on using the finite element technique for the meshing generation and for the application of boundary conditions, with the developed computational algorithm for numerical calculation of effective homogenization properties. The developed computational program bridges the commercial CAD and finite element software, thus allows the design studies and parametric analyses of composite conductors with complex geometry and material composition. C1 Drexel Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sun, W (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM sunwei@drexel.edu NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2004 VL 38 IS 16 BP 1371 EP 1385 DI 10.1177/0021998304042737 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 847YF UT WOS:000223433300001 ER PT J AU Chandan, C Sivakumar, K Masad, E Fletcher, T AF Chandan, C Sivakumar, K Masad, E Fletcher, T TI Application of imaging techniques to geometry analysis of aggregate particles SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE aggregates; image analysis; asphalt mixes; highway construction ID TEXTURE AB This paper presents image analysis techniques by which to characterize the texture, angularity, and form of aggregate particles used in highway construction and geotechnical applications. For texture analysis, wavelet decomposition in gray scale images of particles is performed. The results demonstrate that multiscale wavelet representation is a powerful tool by which to capture the texture and to differentiate "true" texture from "false" texture caused by variations of natural color on a particle surface. Angularity and form analyses of particles are done using binary images. A gradient-based method is employed to describe angularity. This method is shown to differentiate between particles with different angularity characteristics. Form analysis of the particles includes computing the shape factor and sphericity index, which are based on measurements of the shortest, intermediate, and longest axis of the particle. Particle thickness is measured using the feature of an autofocus microscope. The width and length are calculated by an eigenvalue decomposition method of two-dimensional particle projections. Details of an interactive software developed to compute the different aggregate shape factors are discussed. The results indicate that these calculated values of the particle dimensions match very closely the values measured manually using a digital caliper. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TAMU 3135, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Transportat Inst, TAMU 3135, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla Dist, Walla Walla, WA USA. RP Chandan, C (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3801 J9 J COMPUT CIVIL ENG JI J. Comput. Civil. Eng. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2004)18:1(75) PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 759ZZ UT WOS:000187786800010 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Brodman, BW AF Lee, SY Brodman, BW TI Biodegradation of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine; RDX; bioremediation ID HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE RDX; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; EXPLOSIVE RDX; STRAIN DN22; DEGRADATION; SOIL; BIOTRANSFORMATION; MINERALIZATION; BIOREMEDIATION; METABOLITES AB Two bacteria were isolated from 1,3,-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) contaminated soil at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey. These organisms were subsequently identified as Rhizobium rhizogenes BL and Burkholderia sp.BL by the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures). In addition a fungus, identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides by DSMZ, was found to be growing on water wet RDX. All of these organisms were found to degrade RDX. The two bacteria were found to represent new species that have not been reported before. It was found that these organisms along with an added carbon source could degrade RDX to simple gaseous products. Data are presented that elucidate the mechanisms of RDX biodegradation for these organisms. C1 Elmhurst Res Inc, US Army Armaments Res, Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. Geocenters Inc, Picatinny Arsenal, NY USA. RP Brodman, BW (reprint author), Elmhurst Res Inc, US Army Armaments Res, Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM bbrodma@pica.army.mil NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1081/ESE-120027368 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 778MJ UT WOS:000189245100004 PM 15030142 ER PT J AU Taylor, KC Alley, RB Meese, DA Spencer, MK Brook, EJ Dunbar, NW Finkel, RC Gow, AJ Kurbatov, AV Lamorey, GW Mayewski, PA Meyerson, EA Nishiizumi, K Zielinski, GA AF Taylor, KC Alley, RB Meese, DA Spencer, MK Brook, EJ Dunbar, NW Finkel, RC Gow, AJ Kurbatov, AV Lamorey, GW Mayewski, PA Meyerson, EA Nishiizumi, K Zielinski, GA TI Dating the Siple Dome (Antarctica) ice core by manual and computer interpretation of annual layering SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND; AGE; WEST AB The Holocene portion of the Siple Dome (Antarctica) ice core was dated by interpreting the electrical, visual and chemical properties of the core. The data were interpreted manually and with a computer algorithm. The algorithm interpretation was adjusted to be consistent with atmospheric methane stratigraphic ties to the GISP2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2) ice core, (BE)-B-10 stratigraphic ties to the dendrochronology C-14 record and the dated volcanic stratigraphy. The algorithm interpretation is more consistent and better quantified than the tedious and subjective manual interpretation. C1 Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Community Coll Syst Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, EMS Environm Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Washington State Univ, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Mexico Bur Mines & Min Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Bryand Global Sci Ctr 303, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Taylor, KC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM kendrick@dri.edu RI Taylor, Kendrick/A-3469-2016 OI Taylor, Kendrick/0000-0001-8535-1261 NR 23 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2004 VL 50 IS 170 BP 453 EP 461 DI 10.3189/172756504781829864 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 939NR UT WOS:000230080200017 ER PT J AU Yakimenko, OA Dobrokhodov, VN Kaminer, II Dellicker, SH AF Yakimenko, OA Dobrokhodov, VN Kaminer, II Dellicker, SH TI Synthesis of optimal control and flight testing of an autonomous circular parachute SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 05-08, 2002 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Development of guidance and control algorithms for autonomous solid circular parachutes is addressed. This effort is a part of the Affordable Guided Airdrop System that integrates a low-cost guidance and control system into fielded cargo air delivery systems. First, the underlying Affordable Guided Airdrop System concept, architecture, and components are described. Then a synthesis of a classical optimal control based on Pontrjagin's maximum principle is suggested. Then the development of a practical control algorithm is detailed. Simulation and flight-test results of the final Affordable Guided Airdrop System demonstration are also presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. US Army Yuma Proving Ground, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. RP Yakimenko, OA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM oayakime@nps.navy.mil; vldobr@nps.navy.mil; kaminer@nps.navy.mil; Scott.Dellicker@yuma.army.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.2514/1.9282 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 765BE UT WOS:000188246600002 ER PT J AU Jones, NF Friedman, AC Khiabani, KT AF Jones, NF Friedman, AC Khiabani, KT TI Hand surgery in organ transplant patients SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE hand surgery; organ transplantation ID RENAL-ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS; CYCLOSPORINE; CANCER; GOUT AB Purpose: This study presents a series of organ transplant patients who developed problems that affected their upper extremities, related to the organ transplant operation itself, to the patient's underlying systemic disease, to long-term immunosuppression, or to subsequent hand injury after the organ transplant surgery. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 40 organ transplant patients with upper extremity problems at 3 major organ transplant centers was performed. Results: Six general problems were identified that affected the hand and upper extremity in these transplant patients: inflammatory conditions (16), nerve compression syndromes (18), infections (6), neoplasms (6), vascular problems (4), and trauma (14). Thirty-eight patients had 72 separate hand procedures. No problems were encountered with postoperative infections, and skin and bony healing occurred uneventfully. Conclusions: Organ transplant patients are prone to developing atypical infections, skin malignancies, ischemia, and various nerve compression syndromes that affect the hand. These patients with upper-extremity problems should be treated in a manner similar to any patient without prior organ transplant. Copyright (C) 2004 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Hand Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Jones, NF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Hand Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, 200 UCLA Med Plaza 140, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 29A IS 1 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.jhsa.2003.08.018 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 769AJ UT WOS:000188603700026 PM 14751120 ER PT J AU Khan, LA Wicklein, EA Rashid, M Ebner, LL Richards, NA AF Khan, LA Wicklein, EA Rashid, M Ebner, LL Richards, NA TI Computational fluid dynamics modeling of turbine intake hydraulics at a hydropower plant SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE computational fluid dynamics; computational grid; model calibration and validation; turbine intake hydraulics; juvenile fish bypass system ID FISH DIVERSION AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Portland District is considering blocking the upper 12.3 m of the turbine intakes at The Dalles Dam, Oregon with a J-shaped blocked trashrack (a steel panel in front of the existing trashrack). The objective is to create a forebay flow pattern aiding the downstream migration of juvenile fish. A three-dimensional (31)) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a turbine unit of the dam has been developed to investigate the impact of the proposed blocked trashrack on the turbine intake hydraulics. The model was verified by comparing velocity distributions in a 1: 25 scale physical model by Engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, Mississippi. Numerical simulations indicate that the blocked trashrack creates a relatively quiescent, near dead flow zone above it. Below the trashrack, flow is more horizontal into the turbine intakes. However, velocity distributions inside the intakes are significantly more non-uniform. Near-dead flow zones are created in regions immediately behind the blocked trashrack. Cross-sectional velocity distributions show strong eddies in the intake. The analysis suggests the need for investigating improved turbine intake design when retrofitting existing dams with juvenile fish bypass facilities. C1 ENSR Int, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Khan, LA (reprint author), ENSR Int, 9521 Willows Rd NE, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1080/00221686.2004.9641184 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 776HW UT WOS:000189111400007 ER PT J AU Graham, JH Hughie, HH Jones, S Wrinn, K Krzysik, AJ Duda, JJ Freeman, DC Emlen, JM Zak, JC Kovacic, DA Chamberlin-Graham, C Balbach, H AF Graham, JH Hughie, HH Jones, S Wrinn, K Krzysik, AJ Duda, JJ Freeman, DC Emlen, JM Zak, JC Kovacic, DA Chamberlin-Graham, C Balbach, H TI Habitat disturbance and the diversity and abundance of ants (Formicidae) in the Southeastern Fall-Line Sandhills SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecological communities; landscape disturbance; military training; species richness; upland mixed pine-hardwoods forest ID UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; FOREST; HYMENOPTERA; FLORIDA; FIRE; COMMUNITIES; MYRMECOCHORES AB We examined habitat disturbance, species richness, equitability, and abundance of ants in the Fall-Line Sandhills, at Fort Benning, Georgia. We collected ants with pitfall traps, sweep nets, and by searching tree trunks. Disturbed areas were used for military training; tracked and wheeled vehicles damaged vegetation and soils. Highly disturbed sites had fewer trees, diminished ground cover, warmer soils in the summer, and more compacted soils with a shallower A-horizon. We collected 48 species of ants, in 23 genera ( 141,468 individuals), over four years of sampling. Highly disturbed areas had fewer species, and greater numbers of ants than did moderately or lightly disturbed areas. The ant communities in disturbed areas were also less equitable, and were dominated by Dorymyrmex smithi. C1 Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Prescott Coll, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. USGS, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Landscape Architecture & Nat Resources & Env, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. USA, ERDC CERL, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Graham, JH (reprint author), Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. EM jgraham@berry.edu RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 81 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PY 2004 VL 4 AR 30 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 885MP UT WOS:000226161700011 PM 15861245 ER PT J AU Xu, LL Heinze, T Pogge, A Slikker, W Schmued, L AF Xu, LL Heinze, T Pogge, A Slikker, W Schmued, L TI Isolation and characterization of Fluoro-Jade B, a selective histochemical stain for neuronal degeneration SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE fluorescent dye; Fluoro-Jade B components; neuronal degeneration; derivatives of carboxyfluorescein ID LOCALIZATION; FLUORESCEIN; CELLS; PH AB Fluoro-Jade B is a novel fluorescent dye, and since its introduction in 1999 it has been widely used in neuroscience research for selectively staining degenerating neurons in brain tissue sections. However, the chemical composition of Fluoro-Jade B has not been previously resolved. We here report successful separation and identification of eight isomers and structural analogues of Fluoro-Jade B. Two analytical HPLC methods, consisting of a reversed-phase C18 column and a mobile phase with either a pH gradient or an acetonitrile gradient, were developed. A quantitative separation was performed by a semi-preparative reversed phase C-18 HPLC column. Each individual component was characterized by LC/ESI mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The compounds 5-(6'-hydroxy-3'-oxo-3H-xanthen-9'-yl)benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, 2-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)-5-(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)terephthalic acid, and 4-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)-6-(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)isophthalic acid represent three new fluorescent compounds discovered in Fluoro-Jade B. They are, presumably, responsible for the dye's ability to detect degenerating neurons. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, USA, Div Neurotoxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, USA, Div Chem, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Schmued, L (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, USA, Div Neurotoxicol, HFT132,3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM lschmued@nctr.fda.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2004 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1627 EP 1640 DI 10.1081/JLC-120034096 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 827WR UT WOS:000221934900012 ER PT J AU Rueda, LM Peyton, EL Manguin, S AF Rueda, LM Peyton, EL Manguin, S TI Anopheles (Anopheles) pseudopunctipennis Theobald (Diptera : Culicidae): Neotype designation and description SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles psendopunctipennis; neotype; description; mosquitoes; malaria ID LARVAL HABITATS; SPECIES COMPLEX; SENSU-LATO; MEXICO; SYSTEMATICS; ALBIMANUS; AMERICA; MALARIA; CHIAPAS; VECTOR AB Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided for the adult male and female, male genitalia, pupal, and larval stages of Anopheles (Anopheles) pseudopunctipennis Theobald, a major vector of human malaria in Central and South America. Taxonomic and related literature records, diagnostic features, distribution, and bionomics of the species are included. A neotype male for the species from the type locality of Grenada is designated. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rueda, LM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Museum Support Ctr, MRC 534,4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM ruedapol@msc.si.edu RI Manguin, Sylvie/G-1787-2015 OI Manguin, Sylvie/0000-0002-5925-7164 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 41 IS 1 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.1.12 PG 11 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 770DZ UT WOS:000188709100003 PM 14989341 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Schneider, GJ Wetzel, ED Prather, DW AF Xu, Y Schneider, GJ Wetzel, ED Prather, DW TI Centrifugation and spin-coating method for fabrication of three-dimensional opal and inverse-opal structures as photonic crystal devices SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE photonic crystal; colloid; self-assembly; inverse opal; Fourier transform infrared; polystyrene; spin coating ID ARRAYS; MULTILAYERS; POLYMERS; REGION AB We describe a simple and effective method, based on a combination of centrifugation and spin coating, developed for the fabrication by self-assembly of photonic crystal structures. The process produces compact 3-D arrays of polystyrene microspheres (opals) that are organized into crystalline lattices with single-crystal regions up to several hundred micrometers in size. These arrays are subsequently used as templates for infiltration with polyurethane. The resulting inverse opals are characterized by Fourier transform IR reflection spectroscopy and exhibit strong reflectivity for a band of wavelengths in excellent agreement with band structure calculations. This process offers the ability to rapidly form 3-D photonic crystals using inexpensive instrumentation, which makes it attractive for an array of applications. Process parameters, fabricated structures, and their experimental characterization are presented. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM gschneid@udel.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 3 IS 1 BP 168 EP 173 DI 10.1117/1.1631005 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 826GT UT WOS:000221818000023 ER PT J AU McDonald, RMS AF McDonald, RMS TI The militia and the right to arms, or, how the Second Amendment fell silent. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP McDonald, RMS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 1 BP 248 EP 249 DI 10.1353/jmh.2003.0395 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 761VX UT WOS:000187937100016 ER PT J AU Echevarria, AJ AF Echevarria, AJ TI Alfred von Schlieffen's military writings. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Echevarria, AJ (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 1 BP 262 EP 264 DI 10.1353/jmh.2003.0367 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 761VX UT WOS:000187937100028 ER PT J AU King, CS AF King, CS TI Victory at Stalingrad. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Combat Studies Inst, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP King, CS (reprint author), Combat Studies Inst, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 1 BP 280 EP 281 DI 10.1353/jmh.2003.0389 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 761VX UT WOS:000187937100042 ER PT J AU Raines, RC AF Raines, RC TI The Comanche code talkers of world war II. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC USA. RP Raines, RC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 1 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.1353/jmh.2003.0403 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 761VX UT WOS:000187937100049 ER PT J AU Giangreco, DM AF Giangreco, DM TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Giangreco, DM (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 1 BP 334 EP 335 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 761VX UT WOS:000187937100081 ER PT J AU Martin, JE Neal, CJ Monacci, WT Eisenman, DJ AF Martin, JE Neal, CJ Monacci, WT Eisenman, DJ TI Superior semicircular canal dehiscence: a new indication for middle fossa craniotomy SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE superior semicircular canal dehiscence; vertigo ID PRESSURE-INDUCED VERTIGO AB Superior semicircular canal dehiscence is a recently described condition resulting in pressure-induced vertigo in affected patients. The diagnosis is established with the appearance of characteristic electronystagmographic and neuroimaging findings. This condition is amenable to surgical treatment by resurfacing of the dehiscence in the defect in the middle cranial fossa floor with preservation of superior semicircular canal function. The authors report on the treatment of a 35-year-old man with superior semicircular canal dehiscence by a joint neurosurgical and otolaryngological team. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Natl Capital Consortium Neurosurg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Georgetown Univ Hosp, Washington Ear Nose & Throat Grp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Martin, JE (reprint author), 2101 Plyers Mill Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20902 USA. EM jonathan.martin@na.amedd.army.mil NR 6 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA UNIV VIRGINIA, 1224 WEST MAIN ST, STE 450, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0022-3085 J9 J NEUROSURG JI J. Neurosurg. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 100 IS 1 BP 125 EP 127 DI 10.3171/jns.2004.100.1.0125 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 761YQ UT WOS:000187943400021 PM 14743924 ER PT J AU Gardner, PD Hofacre, KC Richardson, AW AF Gardner, PD Hofacre, KC Richardson, AW TI Comparison of simulated respirator fit factors using aerosol and vapor challenges SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE aerosol penetration; fit factors; respirator; vapor penetration AB Although not well established, mask leakage measured using submicron aerosol challenges is generally accepted as being representative of vapor challenges. The purpose of this study was to compare simulated respirator fit factors (FFs) measured using vapor challenges to those measured using all aerosol challenge. A full-facepiece respirator was mounted on a headform inside a small enclosure and modified with controlled leaks (laser-drilled orifices) to produce FFs ranging from about 300 to 30,000. A breathing machine was used to simulate breathing conditions of 1.0 L tidal volume and 25 breaths/min. A monodisperse aerosol consisting of 0.72 mum polystyrene latex spheres (PSL) was used for the reference test aerosol, and FFs were measured using a laser aerosol spectrometer. An inert gas, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and an organic vapor, isoamyl acetate (IAA), were used as the vapor challenges. The in-mask concentration of SF6 was measured using a gas chromatograph (GC). A GC was also used to quantify in-mask IAA concentration samples actively collected with sorbent tubes. FF measurements made with the PSL aerosol challenge were conducted in sequence with the SF6 and IAA challenges, without disturbing the mask, to yield matched data pairs for regression analysis. FFs measured using the PSL reference aerosol were found to correlate well with those measured with the SF6 (r(2) = 0.99) and IAA (r(2) = 0.98) vapor challenges. FFs measured using IAA tended to be higher at values below 10,000. The best agreement was observed with the inert gas, SF6. The results of this study suggest that submicron aerosols are suitable as quantitative fit test challenges for assessing the performance of respirators against inert vapors. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Gardner, PD (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM paul.gardner2@us.army.mil NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 1 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1080/15459620490264454 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 816GP UT WOS:000221098700008 PM 15202154 ER PT J AU Meyer, M McLendon, T Price, D Fleckenstein, J Schnug, E AF Meyer, M McLendon, T Price, D Fleckenstein, J Schnug, E TI Uptake of munitions-derived depleted uranium by three grass species SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE depleted uranium; heavy metal transfer; military munition; soil contamination ID RADIONUCLIDES AB Uptake of depleted uranium (DU, U-238) derived from weathered munitions was assessed in a greenhouse experiment utilizing three common grass species, Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem), Buchloe dactyloides (buffalograss), and Aristida purpurea (purple threeawn). Both aboveground and belowground uptake was dependent on the soil DU concentration, and on the experimental moisture regime utilized during the experimental duration. Uptake was enhanced under higher moisture regimes, suggesting a greater degree of DU solubility and concomitant plant availability. Concentration ratios (calculated by dividing plant tissue DU concentrations by soil DU concentrations) decreased with increasing soil DU concentrations, but increased as more moisture was applied. The toxicity level of DU in root tissue was estimated to 270 mg kg(-1). C1 Fed Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Nutr & Soil Sci, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. Shepherd Miller Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Schnug, E (reprint author), Fed Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Nutr & Soil Sci, Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM ewald.schnug@fal.de NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2004 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1415 EP 1429 DI 10.1081/pln-200025854 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 853AM UT WOS:000223798200007 ER PT J AU Hosur, MV Adya, M Jeelani, S Vaidya, UK Dutta, PK AF Hosur, MV Adya, M Jeelani, S Vaidya, UK Dutta, PK TI Experimental studies on the high strain rate compression response of woven graphite/epoxy composites at room and elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE VARIM; Hopkinson pressure bar; high strain rate loading; woven composites; high temperature ID BEHAVIOR AB In this study, experimental investigations on affordable woven graphite/epoxy laminates under high strain rate compression loading at room and elevated temperatures are discussed. 17-layered woven graphite/epoxy laminates are fabricated with plain and satin weave fabrics with room temperature curing SC-15 epoxy resin using affordable vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) process. Samples were tested at strain rates ranging from 200 to 1100/s at four different temperatures: room, 125, 175, and 225degreesF. Upper limit on the temperature was selected based on the supplier's data sheet for SC-15 epoxy resin system, which has a dry glass transition temperature of 220degreesF. Failure mechanisms were characterized through optical microscopy. Failure modes were influenced by the temperature and fabric architecture. Results of the study indicate the softening of fiber-matrix interface with increasing temperature, which affects the dynamic compression strength. Satin weave samples exhibit higher compressive strength as compared to plain weave samples due to straighter fabric architecture. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mat & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35216 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hosur, MV (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM hosur@tuskegee.edu NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 5 BP 491 EP 514 DI 10.1177/0731684404032019 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 805CP UT WOS:000220344700004 ER PT J AU Shirreffs, SM Armstrong, LE Cheuvront, SN AF Shirreffs, SM Armstrong, LE Cheuvront, SN TI Fluid and electrolyte needs for preparation and recovery from training and competition SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hypohydration; rehydration; water balance; electrolyte balance ID EXERCISE-INDUCED DEHYDRATION; POSTEXERCISE REHYDRATION; ORAL REHYDRATION; PLASMA-VOLUME; BRIEF PERIOD; HEAT-STRESS; HYPERHYDRATION; GLYCEROL; SODIUM; RESPONSES AB For a person undertaking regular exercise, any fluid deficit that is incurred during one exercise session can potentially compromise the next exercise session if adequate fluid replacement does not occur. Fluid replacement after exercise can, therefore, frequently be thought of as hydration before the next exercise bout. The importance of ensuring euhydration before exercise and the potential benefits of temporary hyperhydration with sodium salts or glycerol solutions are also important issues. Post-exercise restoration of fluid balance after sweat-induced dehydration avoids the detrimental effects of a body water deficit on physiological function and subsequent exercise performance. For effective restoration of fluid balance, the consumption of a volume of fluid in excess of the sweat loss and replacement of electrolyte, particularly sodium, losses are essential. Intravenous fluid replacement after exercise has been investigated to a lesser extent and its role for fluid replacement in the dehydrated but otherwise well athlete remains equivocal. C1 Loughborough Univ Technol, Sch Sport & Exercise Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. Univ Connecticut, Human Performance Lab, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Shirreffs, SM (reprint author), Loughborough Univ Technol, Sch Sport & Exercise Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. NR 40 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-0414 J9 J SPORT SCI JI J. Sports Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1080/0264041031000140572 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 755AZ UT WOS:000187366800005 PM 14971433 ER PT J AU Ostashev, VE Wilson, DK Goedecke, GH AF Ostashev, VE Wilson, DK Goedecke, GH TI Spherical wave propagation through inhomogeneous, anisotropic turbulence: Log-amplitude and phase correlations SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-LAYER TURBULENCE; SOUND; FLUCTUATIONS AB Inhomogeneity and anisotropy are intrinsic characteristics of daytime and nighttime turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. In the present paper, line-of-sight sound propagation through inhomogeneous, anisotropic turbulence with temperature and velocity fluctuations is considered. Starting from a parabolic equation and using the Markov approximation, formulas are derived for the correlation functions and variances of log-amplitude and phase fluctuations of a spherical sound wave. These statistical moments of a sound field are important for many practical applications in atmospheric acoustics. The derived formulas for the correlation functions and variances generalize those already known in the literature for two limiting cases: (a) homogeneous, isotropic turbulence, and (b) inhomogeneous, anisotropic turbulence with temperature fluctuations only. Furthermore, the formulas differ from those for the case of plane wave propagation. Using the derived formulas and Mann's spectral tensor of velocity fluctuations for shear-driven turbulence, the correlation functions and variances of log-amplitude and phase fluctuations are studied numerically. The results obtained clearly show that turbulence inhomogeneity and anisotropy significantly affect sound propagation in the atmosphere. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 115 IS 1 BP 120 EP 130 DI 10.1121/1.1628680 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 765CJ UT WOS:000188249300012 PM 14759002 ER PT J AU Meyerle, JH Keller, RA Krivda, SJ AF Meyerle, JH Keller, RA Krivda, SJ TI Superficial acral fibromyxoma of the index finger SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS; TUMORS AB We describe a patient with a superficial acral fibromyxoma, the first such case in the dermatology literature, and review its clinical and histopathologic characteristics. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:134-6.) C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Krivda, SJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM stephen.krivda@na.amedd.army.mil NR 6 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 50 IS 1 BP 134 EP 136 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(03)00761-8 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 763MC UT WOS:000188088900028 PM 14699384 ER PT J AU Ding, MS Jow, TR AF Ding, MS Jow, TR TI How conductivities and viscosities of PC-DEC and PC-EC solutions of LiBF4, LiPF6, LiBOB, Et4NBF4, and Et4NPF6 differ and why SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM-SALTS; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; ETHYLENE CARBONATE; LITHIUM PERCHLORATE; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE; IONIC ASSOCIATION; DIETHYL CARBONATE; SOLVENTS AB Electrolytes of LiBF4, LiPF6, LiBOB, Et4NBF4, and Et4NPF6 in propylene carbonate-diethyl carbonate (PC-DEC) and propylene carbonate-ethylene carbonate (PC-EC) binary solvents were compared for their electrolytic conductivity (kappa) and viscosity (eta) to assist their application to the batteries and capacitors and to understand the mechanisms underlying the differences in these properties. For eta, the Li+-salts resulted in considerably higher values than the Et4N+-salts, and the influence of an anion was such that the larger its size, the higher the eta of the electrolyte. Correspondingly, kappa of the Et4N+-electrolytes was substantially higher than the Li+-electrolytes, and a larger anion was accompanied by a lower kappa, except for electrolytes at the low-eta end. Toward this end, the order of kappa tended to be in reverse: the k of an electrolyte with a larger anion rose relative to one with a smaller anion. All evidence presented leads to the conclusion that the h, and thereby the k, of the electrolytes are dominantly affected by the number of unassociated Li+ ions through their solvation by the carbonate solvent molecules, the different anions of the Li-salts exerting their influence only through altering the number by their different powers for associating with the Li+. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ding, MS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM mding@arl.army.mil NR 27 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 49 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 12 BP A2007 EP A2015 DI 10.1149/1.1809575 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 870OY UT WOS:000225068500003 ER PT J AU Ding, MS AF Ding, MS TI Liquid-solid phase diagrams of ternary and quaternary organic carbonates SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BINARY CARBONATES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; PC-DEC; VISCOSITY AB This work presents the liquid-solid phase diagrams of ternary and quaternary (or quasiternary) organic carbonates calculated using the thermodynamic nonideal solution models for the carbonates in the liquid state and assuming no solubility of one in any other in the solid state. Further, the molecular interaction term in the models was considered for only binary combinations of different molecules but not for ternary or quaternary interactions. The binary interaction parameters used in the calculation of the ternary and quasiternary phase diagrams were obtained by fitting the same models to the measured phase diagrams of binary carbonates. The results showed the ternary and the quasiternary phase diagrams of the carbonates to have the typical topography of a eutectic ternary system, with a liquidus surface formed from three solubility surfaces of the components which expand in composition and fall in temperature from the melting points of the components. They also showed the effectiveness of adding a carbonate to increase the solubility of another whose cyclicity is the same as that of the added, be it a component by itself or in a mixture, as compared to one with the opposite cyclicity. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ding, MS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM mding@arl.army.mil NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 5 BP A731 EP A738 DI 10.1149/1.1690782 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 821CI UT WOS:000221436900012 ER PT J AU Ding, MS AF Ding, MS TI Conductivity and viscosity of PC-DEC and PC-EC solutions of LiBF4 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROPYLENE CARBONATE; ETHYLENE CARBONATE; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; BINARY CARBONATES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; METHYL CARBONATE; CONDUCTANCE; DIMETHOXYETHANE; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY AB The conductivity kappa of propylene carbonate-diethyl carbonate (PC-DEC) and PC-EC (ethylene carbonate) solutions of LiBF4 was experimentally determined at temperatures theta from 60 to -80degreesC and at salt molalities m from 0.2 to 2.1 mol kg(-1) and solvent compositions w from 0 to 0.7 weight fraction of DEC for the former solution and from 0.3 to 2.7 of m and 0 to 0.6 of w of EC for the latter. Viscosity eta of these solutions was also studied by measuring their glass transition temperatures T-g in the same ranges of m and w. The T-g was found to rise with m, and fall with w of DEC but rise with w of EC, indicating a concurrent change in the eta of the solutions. The kappa of the PC-DEC solution of LiBF4 peaked in both m and w thus forming a dome in its 3D presentation in the mw coordinates, while the kappa of the PC-EC solution peaked only in m, resulting in an archshaped surface. As theta lowered, these kappa surfaces fell in height and shifted in the direction of low eta. These observations correlated well with the changes of dielectric constant epsilon and viscosity eta of the solutions with the same set of variables. A more detailed study of the effects of DEC and EC on the kappa of PC solution of LiFB4 demonstrated that ion association in these solutions was very weakly dependent on theta, in agreement with an earlier finding. The kappa-T data of the PC-DEC solution was fitted with a Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation for an evaluation of its vanishing mobility temperature T-0 and apparent activation energy, E-a, both were shown to form simple surfaces in the mw coordinates slanting up in the direction of high eta. Furthermore, when compared to the T-g surface of the same solution, the T-0 surface was oriented similarly but lower in value by a few dozen degrees. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ding, MS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 151 IS 1 BP A40 EP A47 DI 10.1149/1.1630593 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 755UA UT WOS:000187428800006 ER PT J AU Jiang, RZ Chu, DR AF Jiang, RZ Chu, DR TI Comparative studies of methanol crossover and cell performance for a DMFC SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AIR FUEL-CELL; INVARIANT ALKALINE ELECTROLYTE; PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; POLYMER-ELECTROLYTE; NAFION MEMBRANE; OXIDATION; TRANSPORT; ELECTROREDUCTION; ELECTROOXIDATION; TEMPERATURES AB Fuel (methanol) crossover through the polymeric electrolyte membrane in a single direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was determined by monitoring the amount of CO2 produced from methanol oxidation. Instead of measuring CO2 from only the cathode by a conventional method, the amounts of CO2 at both of the cathode and the anode were determined in the present study. Gravimetric determination of BaCO3 was employed to accurately analyze the amount of CO2. The equivalent current of methanol crossover can be calculated from the discharge current of the fuel cell and the sum of dry BaCO3 precipitate collected at the anode and the cathode exhausts. The common experimental deviation of measuring methanol crossover caused by CO2 permeation through polymeric electrolyte membrane can be corrected with the proposed method. These data of methanol crossover were compared with the data of single cell polarization behaviors at different methanol concentrations and different temperatures. The energy density of the DMFC is not only dependent on the cell discharge performance but also significantly dependent on the faradaic efficiency that is directly linked to methanol crossover. Under the optimized operating conditions, 1.0 M methanol at 60degreesC, the DMFC has an energy density of 1800 Wh/kg based on pure methanol. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jiang, RZ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 47 TC 110 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 151 IS 1 BP A69 EP A76 DI 10.1149/1.1629093 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 755UA UT WOS:000187428800011 ER PT J AU Jow, TR Xu, K Ding, MS Zhang, SS Allen, JL Amine, K AF Jow, TR Xu, K Ding, MS Zhang, SS Allen, JL Amine, K TI LiBOB-based electrolytes for Li-ion batteries for transportation applications SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Electrochem Soc ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; LITHIUM BIS(OXALATO)BORATE; CARBONATE; LIPF6; CONDUCTIVITY; INTERFACE; OPERATION; LICOO2 AB The low-temperature performance and the stability of LiBOB-based electrolytes were studied in Li-ion cells and on various cathode materials, respectively. It was found that the conductivity of LiBOB in carbonate solvents can be improved by blending with ester solvents. It was also found that the capacity delivered using such electrolytes at subzero temperatures can be improved by adding ester solvents into electrolyte compositions, although at the expense of the stability against high-temperature cycling. The BOB- anion remains electrochemically stable on strongly oxidizing electrode material such as LiNi1-y-zMyMz'O-2 as shown by high-temperature cycling and storage. Nonetheless, the BOB- stability may vary with different cathode materials depending on the reactivity among BOB- anion, solvent, and lithiated metal oxide cathode materials. To maximize the advantages of LiBOB over the industry standard LiPF6, further work in electrolyte formulation is desired. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jow, TR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 18 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 10 BP A1702 EP A1706 DI 10.1149/1.1789393 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 865BW UT WOS:000224678500026 ER PT J AU Walker, CW AF Walker, CW TI Proton-conducting interpenetrating polymer network with reduced methanol permeability SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STATE ELECTROCHROMIC CELL; ETHANOL-WATER MIXTURES; POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); FUEL-CELLS; POLY(ACRYLIC ACID); SWELLING BEHAVIOR; NAFION MEMBRANE; PERVAPORATION; HYDROGELS; TRANSPORT AB A freestanding polymer electrolyte membrane was developed having low permeability to methanol while maintaining high permeability to water and proton conductivity. A two-polymer composite formed an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) composed of proton-conducting 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid and a second polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol), serving as a methanol barrier. Ion conductivity and methanol permeability were controlled by adjusting polymer ratios and the extent of cross-linking of the two polymers. Compared to Nafion, the IPNs had up to fifteen times greater selectivity for water over methanol and proton conductivity about an order of magnitude lower. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM cwalker@arl.army.mil NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 11 BP A1797 EP A1803 DI 10.1149/1.1799451 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 868QK UT WOS:000224927900005 ER PT J AU Xu, K Lee, U Zhang, SS Jow, TR AF Xu, K Lee, U Zhang, SS Jow, TR TI Graphite/electrolyte interface formed in LiBOB-based electrolytes - II. Potential dependence of surface chemistry on graphitic anodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROPYLENE CARBONATE SOLUTIONS; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERCALATION; ELECTRODES; DECOMPOSITION; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; MODEL; CELLS AB In an attempt to depict a dynamic picture of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation on a graphitic anode surface during the initial forming cycle, we employed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with a "pre-formation'' technique to establish the dependence of the surface chemistry on the forming potential of the anode. A progressive transition in the 1s electron binding energies of the major elements was observed as the lithiation proceeded. However, the surface chemical species as well as their abundances seemed to stabilize around 0.55 V and remained constant during the subsequent delithiation process, indicating that a stable SEI exists thereafter. Integrating the information revealed by different analyses, we believe that the reductive decomposition of the BOB- anion starts at ca. 1.00 V, while the effective protection of the graphene surface by SEI is available after the anode is lithiated below the potential of 0.55 V vs. Li. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM cxu@arl.army.mil RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 25 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 12 BP A2106 EP A2112 DI 10.1149/1.1812732 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 870OY UT WOS:000225068500016 ER PT J AU Opsenica, I Terzic, N Opsenica, D Milhous, WK Solaja, B AF Opsenica, I Terzic, N Opsenica, D Milhous, WK Solaja, B TI 7,8,15,16-tetraoxa-dispiro[5.2.5.2]hexadecane-3-carboxylic acid derivatives and their antimalarial activity SO JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE mixed tetraoxane; malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; gem-dihydroperoxide ID ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY; DISPIRO-1,2,4,5-TETRAOXANES; 1,2,4,5-TETRAOXANES; ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL; TETRAOXANES AB Several C2 symmetrical mixed tetraoxanes were prepared starting from a gemdihydroperoxide and a ketone. The obtained tetraoxanes showed pronounced antimalarial activity against P falciparum chloroquine resistant W2 and chloroquine susceptible D6 strains, with N-(2-dimethylamino)ethyl-7,8,15,16-tetraoxa-dispiro[5.2.5.2]hexadecaric-3-carboxamide being as active as artermisinin. C1 Inst Chem Technol & Met, YU-11000 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg, Yugoslavia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, YU-11001 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg, Yugoslavia. RP Solaja, B (reprint author), Inst Chem Technol & Met, YU-11000 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg, Yugoslavia. EM bsolaja@chem.bg.ac.yu RI Opsenica, Igor/P-5308-2016; OI Opsenica, Igor/0000-0003-4942-4042; Solaja, Bogdan/0000-0002-9975-2725 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOC PI BELGRADE PA KARNEGIJEVA 4, PO BOX 462, YU-11001 BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA SN 0352-5139 J9 J SERB CHEM SOC JI J. Serb. Chem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 69 IS 11 BP 919 EP 922 DI 10.2298/JSC0411919O PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 884XP UT WOS:000226120300011 ER PT J AU Babin, MC Ricketts, KM Gazaway, MY Lee, RB Sweeney, RE Brozetti, JJ AF Babin, MC Ricketts, KM Gazaway, MY Lee, RB Sweeney, RE Brozetti, JJ TI A combination drug treatment against ocular sulfur mustard injury SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rabbit; sulfur mustard; eye; treatment; in vivo ID COMPUTERIZED IMAGE-ANALYSIS; NEOVASCULARIZATION; CORTICOSTEROIDS; GAS AB The eye is considered to be one of the most sensitive organs to sulfur mustard (SM) with injuries ranging from mild conjunctivitis to advanced corneal disease. Even mild ocular involvement from sulfur mustard exposure can result in both physical and psychological incapacitation. In this study we explored the use of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications (prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension, triamcinolone, and cefazolin) as ocular treatments for sulfur mustard injury. Female New Zealand White rabbits were divided into a SM positive control group (n = 8) and a single treatment group (n = 7). At 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after SM exposure, two drops of prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension was administered to each treatment group rabbit while the control group received saline drops. At 120 min after SM exposure, each treatment group animal received a single 1.0 mL sub-Tenon's injection containing 20 mg triamcinolone and 50 mg cefazolin. Control group rabbits did not receive an injection. Rabbits were observed for a total of 16 weeks after SM exposure. Corneal thickness, corneal stromal injury, neovascularization (NV), eyelid notching, and chemosis were recorded weekly for 6 consecutive weeks and on week 16 after exposure. The SM treatment group at weeks 2, 3, and 4 had a significantly lower index value for corneal thickness than the SM positive control group. For corneal stromal injury, NV, eyelid notching, and chemosis, significant evidence of a protective effect due to treatment was seen at weeks 4, 5, and 6. In addition, corneal stromal injury was reduced at weeks 2 and 3 and notching at week 2. By week 3, all SM positive control animals developed NV in contrast to 1 of 7 treatment animals. By week 6 all positive control animals still exhibited NV compared to 2 of 7 treatment animals. These data suggest that prednisolone acetate suspension dosed for the first 2 h after SM exposure followed by a single sub-Tenon's injection of a triamcinolone/cefazolin combination is effective in treating the early stages of corneal injury from SM exposure. C1 USA, Inst Med Res Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Kimbrough Ambulatory Care Ctr, Ft George G Meade, MD USA. RP Babin, MC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave,JM-3, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM babinm@battelle.org NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1081/CUS-120027483 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 803YP UT WOS:000220266700006 ER PT J AU Graham, JS Reid, FM Niemuth, NA Shumaker, SM Waugh, JD AF Graham, JS Reid, FM Niemuth, NA Shumaker, SM Waugh, JD TI Effects of three anesthetic regimens on bioengineering methods conducted on ventral abdominal skin of weanling swine SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reflectance colorimetry; transepidermal water loss; laser Doppler perfusion imaging; anesthesia; swine ID TRANSEPIDERMAL WATER-LOSS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SULFUR MUSTARD; PIGS AB Background/Purpose: A weanling swine model was previously developed to study heating of cutaneous injuries induced by the blistering chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard. Noninvasive bioengineering methods are used in the model to monitor the progress of wound healing and evaluate the efficacy of treatments. It is necessary to anesthetize the animals to facilitate bioengineering data collection from ventral abdominal wound sites. As anesthetic agents affect cardiac output and deep vascular and cutaneous microcirculation in many species, there was a need to identify an anesthetic regimen with minimal effects on baseline measurements. The effects of three anesthetic regimens on reflectance colorimetry, transepidermal water loss, and laser Doppler perfusion imaging were studied in unexposed control animals. Methods: The following regimens were tested on six female Yorkshire swine (weanlings, 8-11 kg): repeated, separate intramuscular (i.m.) injections of ketamine HCl and xylazine HCl (K/X, at 20 +/- 2 mg/kg and 2 +/- 0.2 mg/kg, respectively), repeated i.m. injections of a tiletamine HCl/zolazepam HCl/xylazine HCl combination (T/X, at 2.2 mg/kg, 2.2 mg/kg, and 4.4 mg/kg, respectively), and the tiletamine HCl/zolazepam HCl/xylazine HCl combination as a preanesthetic and isoflurane inhalation to maintain anesthesia (T/X/Iso; dosage of tiletamine HCl/zolazepam HCl/xylazine HCl was the same as listed above, with 2.5-3.0% isoflurane in oxygen at an initial flow rate of 2 L/min, reduced to 1.0%-1.5% at 0.8-1.0 L/min for maintenance). Each regimen was administered in three iterations within a week (every other day), with a minimum 1-week washout period between regimens. Results: The effect of the anesthetic regimens on bioengineering assessments of ventral abdominal skin was evaluated. For reflectance colorimetry, regimens T/X and K/X had a narrower range of readings over the three testing days than T/X/Iso. Either T/X or K/X was suitable, with T/X preferred because of a lesser blanching effect. T/X or T/X/Iso were preferred for transepidermal water loss readings, because overall they depressed transepidermal water loss rates less than did K/X. T/X, T/X/Iso, and K/X all affected cutaneous blood flow, with no clear preference. Conclusions: Overall, T/X produced the most consistent results with the fewest anesthetic effects. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Comparat Med, Comparat Pathol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH USA. RP Graham, JS (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Comparat Med, Comparat Pathol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM john.graham@amedd.army.mil NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 105 EP 118 DI 10.1081/CUS-120030168 PG 14 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 826MH UT WOS:000221832700004 ER PT J AU Sabourin, CLK Rogers, JV Stonerock, MK Niemuth, NA Kiser, RC Casbohm, SL Babin, MC Schlager, JJ Casillas, RP AF Sabourin, CLK Rogers, JV Stonerock, MK Niemuth, NA Kiser, RC Casbohm, SL Babin, MC Schlager, JJ Casillas, RP TI Alterations of gene expression in sulfur mustard-exposed skin topically treated with vanilloids SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; skin; inflammation; vanilloid; mouse ID EAR VESICANT MODEL; SUBSTANCE-P; ADHESION MOLECULE; MOUSE SKIN; PIG SKIN; MODULATION; CYTOKINE; INJURY; FEATURES AB Sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, SM] is a chemical warfare agent that penetrates the skin rapidly and causes extensive blistering. Using the mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM), we evaluated the effect of topically applied antiinflammatory agents (octyl homovanillamide and heptyl isovanillamide) on ear edema formation and gene expression following SM exposure. Relative ear weight and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of GM-CSF, IL-1beta, and IL-6 were used to evaluate the effects of octyl homovanillamide and heptyl isovanillamide. Both vanilloids significantly reduced SM-induced edema. At the single dose and number of animals/group tested, octyl homovanillamide produced a trend of reduced mRNA levels; however, the reduction was not significant for GM-CSF, IL-1beta, or IL-6. Heptyl isovanillamide significantly reduced (p less than or equal to 0.05) GM-CSF, IL-1beta, and IL-6 mRNA levels. These results show that octyl homovanillamide and heptyl isovanillamide reduce skin edema and heptyl isovanillamide significantly reduced cytokine mRNA expression following SM exposure. In addition to measuring edema formation, monitoring expression of biomarkers such as GM-CSF, IL-1beta, and IL-6 may also serve to evaluate therapeutic treatments against SM-induced dermal injury. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sabourin, CLK (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, 505 King Ave,JM-3, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM sabourinc@battelle.org NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1081/CUS-200041508 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 884XO UT WOS:000226120200008 ER PT J AU DellaCorte, C Zaldana, AR Radil, KC AF DellaCorte, C Zaldana, AR Radil, KC TI A systems approach to the solid lubrication of foil air bearings for oil-free turbomachinery SO JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT STLE/ASME Joint International Tribology Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2003 CL PONTE VEDRA, FLORIDA SP STLE, ASME AB Foil air bearings are self-acting hydrodynamic bearings which rely upon solid lubricants to reduce friction and minimize wear during sliding which occurs at start-up and shutdown when surface speeds are too low to allow the formation of a hydrodynamic air film. This solid lubrication is typically accomplished by coating the nonmoving foil surface with a thin, soft polymeric film. The following paper introduces a systems approach in which the solid lubrication is provided by a combination of self lubricating shaft coatings coupled with various wear resistant and lubricating foil coatings. The use of multiple materials, each providing different functions is modeled after oil-lubricated hydrodynamic sleeve bearing technology which utilizes various coatings and surface treatments in conjunction with oil lubricants to achieve optimum performance. In this study, room temperature load capacity tests are performed on journal foil air bearings operating at 14,000 rpm. Different shaft and foil coating technologies such as plasma sprayed composites, ceramic, polymer and inorganic lubricant coatings are evaluated as foil bearing lubricants. The results indicate that bearing performance is improved through the individual use of the lubricants and treatments tested. Further combining several solid lubricants together yielded synergistically better results than any material alone. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP DellaCorte, C (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 14 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4787 J9 J TRIBOL-T ASME JI J. Tribol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 200 EP 207 DI 10.1115/1.1609485 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 767TR UT WOS:000188469200024 ER PT J AU Hofland, CA Mariani, AJ AF Hofland, CA Mariani, AJ TI Is cytology required for a hematuria evaluation? SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytology; urine; costs and cost analysis; hematuria ID ASYMPTOMATIC MICROSCOPIC HEMATURIA AB Purpose: The value of urine cytology in evaluating patients with hematuria remains controversial. The American Urological Association Best Practice Policy on Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria recommends cytology only in patients with risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). This study evaluated how often urine cytology yielded supportive or unique information that led to the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma, the cost of that information and whether it would have been obtained using the current best practice policy. Materials and Methods: Between March 1976 and June 1985, 1,000 sequential patients with 1 episode of gross hematuria or microscopic hematuria, defined as greater than 3 red blood cells per high power field on 2 of 3 properly collected urinalyses, were evaluated according to a standard protocol in a closed panel health care system in the state of Hawaii. These records were reviewed to determine if urine cytology yielded supportive or unique information that led to the diagnosis of TCC. Results: In 4 patients positive urine cytology was the sole finding supporting a TCC diagnosis. Urine cytology had a sensitivity of 55% and a specificity of 99.3%. The cost of a cytology result that yielded unique information was $8,367 using the 2002 Medicare reimbursement schedule. Conclusions: Urine cytology can have an important role in the evaluation of hematuria. The current American Urological Society Best Practice Policy using risk factors to select patients for urine cytology would have captured the 4 patients for whom cytology was the key to diagnosis. Urine cytology was comparable to excretory urography, creatinine and cystoscopy in terms of cost analysis. C1 Kaiser Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Honolulu, HI 96819 USA. John A Burns Univ Hawaii Sch Med, Dept Urol, Honolulu, HI USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Mariani, AJ (reprint author), Kaiser Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 3288 Moanalua Rd, Honolulu, HI 96819 USA. NR 5 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 171 IS 1 BP 324 EP 326 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000100392.23046.17 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 755EM UT WOS:000187390800086 PM 14665906 ER PT J AU Carlson, DW Finger, DR Belnap, CM AF Carlson, DW Finger, DR Belnap, CM TI Secondary amyloidosis as an unusual cause of ureteral obstruction SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE amyloidosis; ureter C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Carlson, DW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 171 IS 1 BP 355 EP 356 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000098862.45327.ff PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 755EM UT WOS:000187390800106 PM 14665926 ER PT J AU Griffith, BC Morey, AF Rozanski, TA Harris, R Dalton, SR Torgerson, SJ Partyka, SR AF Griffith, BC Morey, AF Rozanski, TA Harris, R Dalton, SR Torgerson, SJ Partyka, SR TI Central renal stab wounds: Treatment with augmented fibrin sealant in a porcine model SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; swine; wounds, penetrating; fibrin tissue adhesive ID ADHESIVE BANDAGE; INJURIES; MANAGEMENT; EFFICACY AB Purpose: We determined whether fibrin sealant augmented by an absorbable bolster could salvage kidneys with major, centrally located stab wounds. Materials and Methods: A grade 4 renal injury was created in 16 commercial swine via a 1.5 cm sagittal, centrally located, through-and-through right renal laceration. Animals were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment arms, including control groups that received conventional renal capsule suture repair with an absorbable gelatin sponge bolster (3 in group 1) or a microfibrillar collagen sheet (3 in group 2) and experimental groups that received sutureless treatment entailing fibrin sealant instillation into the knife tract augmented by an external gelatin sponge (5 in group 3) or an external microfibrillar collagen sheet (5 in group 4). Arterial occlusion was not performed. Blood loss and time to hemostasis were recorded. Abdominal computerized tomography was performed at 1 week and necropsy was done at 6 weeks. Results: Renal reconstruction with fibrin sealant resulted in significantly lower blood loss (62 vs 155 ml, p <0.05) and time to hemostasis (3.5 vs 6.5 minutes, p <0.05) than in the conventional suture groups. There was no radiographic or gross evidence of significant postoperative bleeding, urinoma formation or abnormal tissue healing in the recovery period. Gelatin sponge and collagen sheet demonstrated similar hemostatic efficacy. Conclusions: In this porcine renal trauma model fibrin sealant augmented by absorbable gelatin sponge or a microfibrillar collagen sheet effectively promoted hemostasis and renal salvage. Because of its safety, ease of use and efficiency, fibrin sealant appears to be an appropriate adjunct for managing challenging renal injuries. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Pathol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Morey, AF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr,MCHE-SDU, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 171 IS 1 BP 445 EP 447 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000101000.08371.79 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 755EM UT WOS:000187390800138 PM 14665952 ER PT J AU Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Pashkova, NV Shlensky, AA Baik, KH Pearton, SJ Luo, B Ren, F Zavada, JM AF Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Pashkova, NV Shlensky, AA Baik, KH Pearton, SJ Luo, B Ren, F Zavada, JM TI Electrical and optical properties of hydrogen plasma treated n-AIGaN films grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PERSISTENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; GAN FILMS; ALN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ALXGA1-XN; EMISSION; WURTZITE; ORIGIN AB Electrical and optical properties and deep level spectra of undoped n-AlGaN films with Al contents of about 40% grown on sapphire by hydride vapor phase epitaxy were studied before and after hydrogenation. The electrical properties prior to hydrogenation are shown to be dominated by deep donors with an activation energy of 0.25 eV and concentration of similar to 10(18) cm(-3). Other deep traps include centers with activation energy of 0.12, 0.3, and 0.45 eV detected by photoinduced current transient spectroscopy and defects giving rise to defect bands near 2.3 and 3.7 eV in microcathodoluminescence spectra. Hydrogen plasma treatment at 250 degreesC for 0.5 h allows introduction of high concentrations of hydrogen down to a depth of about 0.1 mum and leads to strong suppression of all defects in that region. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Inst Rare Met, Moscow 119017, Russia. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Polyakov, AY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu OI Smirnov, Nikolai/0000-0002-4993-0175 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1116/1.1640395 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 808MS UT WOS:000220573800018 ER PT J AU Schoepp, RJ Morin, MD Martinez, MJ Kulesh, DA Hensley, L Geisbert, TW Brady, DR Jahrling, PB AF Schoepp, RJ Morin, MD Martinez, MJ Kulesh, DA Hensley, L Geisbert, TW Brady, DR Jahrling, PB TI Detection and identification of Variola virus in fixed human tissue after prolonged archival storage SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Variola virus; smallpox; fixed tissue; paraffin-embedded; DNA extraction; TaqMan (R) ID SMALLPOX VIRUS; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; DNA; MANAGEMENT; STOCKS; RNA AB Smallpox disease has been eradicated from the human population since 1979, but is again a concern because of its potential use as an agent of bioterrorism or biowarfare. World Health Organization-sanctioned repositories of infectious Variola virus are known to occur in both Russia and the United States, but many believe other undeclared and unregulated sources of the virus could exist. Thus, validation of improved methods for definitive identification of smallpox virus in diagnostic specimens is urgently needed. In this paper, we describe the discovery of suspected Variola infected human tissue, fixed and preserved for decades in largely unknown solutions, and the use of routine histology, electron microscopy, and ultimately DNA extraction and fluorogenic 5' nuclease (TaqMan(R)) assays for its identification and confirmation. C1 USA, Diagnost Syst Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Div Pathol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. USA, Div Virol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Indianapolis, IN USA. USA Headquarters, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. USA, Geocenters Inc, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. RP Schoepp, RJ (reprint author), USA, Diagnost Syst Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM randal.schoepp@amedd.army.mil NR 17 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 84 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1038/labinvest.3700008 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 773KF UT WOS:000188922400004 PM 14631381 ER PT S AU Aliberti, K Ruff, W Shen, HG Newman, P Giza, M Sarney, W AF Aliberti, K Ruff, W Shen, HG Newman, P Giza, M Sarney, W BE Kamerman, GW TI Characterization of InGaAs self-mixing detectors for chirp, amplitude-modulated LADAR (CAML) SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications IX CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE metal-semiconductor-metal detector; optoelectronic mixer; Schottky enhancement layers; LADAR ID SEMICONDUCTOR-METAL PHOTODETECTORS; LASER RADAR; WAVELENGTH; PERFORMANCE AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has developed a number of near-infrared, prototype laser detection and ranging (LADAR) Systems based on the chirp, amplitude-modulated LADAR (CAML) architecture. The use of self-mixing detectors in the receiver, that have the ability to internally detect and down-convert modulated optical signals, have significantly simplified the LADAR design. Recently, ARL has designed and fabricated single-pixel, self-mixing, InGaAs-based, metal-semiconductor-metal detectors to extend the LADAR operating wavelength to 1.55 mum and is currently in the process of designing linear arrays of such detectors. This paper presents fundamental detector characterization measurements of the new 1.55 mum detectors in the CAML architecture and some insights on the design of 1.55 mum linear arrays. C1 US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Aliberti, K (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5335-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5412 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1117/12.542072 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ39 UT WOS:000224312200010 ER PT S AU Grobmyer, JE Lum, T Morris, RE Hard, SJ Pratt, HL Florence, T Peddycoart, E AF Grobmyer, JE Lum, T Morris, RE Hard, SJ Pratt, HL Florence, T Peddycoart, E BE Kamerman, GW TI Airborne Ladar man-in-the-loop operations in tactical environments SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications IX CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE laser radar; Ladar; 3-D visualization; UAV; man-in-the-loop visualization; ATR AB The U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM) is developing approaches and processes that will exploit the characteristics of current and future Laser Radar (LADAR) sensor systems for critical man-in-the-loop tactical processes. The importance of timely and accurate target detection, classification, identification, and engagement for future combat systems has been documented and is viewed as a critical enabling factor for FCS survivability and lethality. Recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of using low cost but relatively capable personal computer class systems to exploit the information available in Ladar sensor frames to present the war fighter or analyst with compelling and usable imagery for use in the target identification and engagement processes in near real time. The advantages of LADAR imagery are significant in environments presenting cover for targets and the associated difficulty for automated target recognition (ATR) technologies. C1 US Army Res Dev & Engn Command, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Grobmyer, JE (reprint author), US Army Res Dev & Engn Command, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5335-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5412 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.543245 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ39 UT WOS:000224312200014 ER PT S AU Redman, BC Ruff, WC Aliberti, K AF Redman, BC Ruff, WC Aliberti, K BE Kamerman, GW TI Direct detection laser vibrometry with an amplitude modulated ladar SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications IX CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE ladar; vibration sensing; vibrometry; direct detection; amplitude modulation; chirped AM; Doppler AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has developed a three dimensional (3D) imaging ladar based on an amplitude modulated laser for which the frequency of the amplitude modulation (AM) is linearly increased and/or decreased with time (i.e., chirped). The frequency chirped waveform is a standard radar and coherent ladar waveform for high resolution ranging and Doppler frequency shift measurement. ARL first demonstrated the use of this waveform with laser amplitude modulation and optical direct detection for high range resolution 3D imaging ladar. The Doppler frequency shift measurement capability of the AM direct detection ladar had been known previously, but had not been demonstrated until recently. This paper contains the first report of an experimental demonstration of the capability of an AM direct detection ladar to measure the frequency and amplitude of surface vibrations via the phase/frequency modulation induced on the return waveform by the surface motion. In addition, we present data demonstrating the measurement of line-of-sight translational velocities via the Doppler shift of the chirped AM waveform using the same apparatus. We first briefly describe the operating principles of ARL's chirped AM ladar for range and translational Doppler measurement with references to previous papers. We then present the classic theory for vibration induced phase/frequency modulation to explain the operating principles of the AM direct detection ladar vibrometer. We then describe the experimental demonstration of the AM direct detection ladar vibrometer, including descriptions of the experimental setup, data processing and analysis methods, and results. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Redman, BC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM bredman@arl.army.mil NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5335-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5412 BP 218 EP 228 DI 10.1117/12.542238 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ39 UT WOS:000224312200020 ER PT S AU Stann, BL Aliberti, K Carothers, D Dammann, J Dang, G Giza, M Lawler, W Redman, B Simon, D AF Stann, BL Aliberti, K Carothers, D Dammann, J Dang, G Giza, M Lawler, W Redman, B Simon, D BE Kamerman, GW TI A 32x32 pixel focal plane array ladar system using chirped amplitude modulation SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications IX CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE laser radar; ladar; ladar imaging AB The Army Research Laboratory is researching system architectures and components required to build a 32x32 pixel scannerless ladar breadboard. The 32x32 pixel architecture achieves ranging based on a frequency modulation/continuous wave (FM/cw) technique implemented by directly amplitude modulating a near-IR diode laser transmitter with a radio frequency (RF) subcarrier that is linearly frequency modulated (i.e. chirped amplitude modulation). The backscattered light is focused onto an array of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detectors where it is detected and mixed with a delayed replica of the laser modulation signal that modulates the responsivity of each detector. The output of each detector is an intermediate frequency (IF) signal (a product of the mixing process) whose frequency is proportional to the target range. Pixel read-out is achieved using code division multiple access techniques as opposed to the usual time-multiplexed techniques to attain high effective frame rates. The raw data is captured with analog-to-digital converters and fed into a PC to demux the pixel data, compute the target ranges, and display the imagery. Last year we demonstrated system proof-of-principle for the first time and displayed an image of a scene collected in the lab that was somewhat corrupted by pixel-to-pixel cross-talk. This year we report on system modifications that reduced pixel-to-pixel cross-talk and new hardware and display codes that enable near real-time stereo display of imagery on the ladar's control computer. The results of imaging tests in the laboratory will also be presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Stann, BL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5335-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5412 BP 264 EP 272 DI 10.1117/12.542549 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ39 UT WOS:000224312200025 ER PT S AU Bishop, MJ McGill, TE Taylor, SR AF Bishop, MJ McGill, TE Taylor, SR BE Kamerman, GW TI Processing of laser radar data for the extraction of an along the levee-crown elevation profile for levee remediation studies SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications IX CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Using LiDAR data collected on the levees along the Rio Grande River in New Mexico and Texas, an algorithm has been developed to automatically extract longitudinal elevation profiles. This algorithm consists of a series of filters, interpretation of geophysical properties, and digitized levee centerlines. The series of filters, in order of operation, include an alignment buffer filter, bare-earth filter, sampling filter and a maximum value filter. The result of the filter configuration is a 3-D polyline that models the levee crest. This algorithm allows for efficient identification of portions of levee that are lower than original design specifications. A comparison between the LiDAR levee crown extraction filter and a least-cost-path technique are offered. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res & Dev, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Bishop, MJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res & Dev, CEERD-EE-C,3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5335-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5412 BP 354 EP 359 DI 10.1117/12.536711 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ39 UT WOS:000224312200033 ER PT S AU Redman, BC Stann, B Ruff, W Giza, M Aliberti, K Lawler, W AF Redman, BC Stann, B Ruff, W Giza, M Aliberti, K Lawler, W BE Thompson, WE Brunson, RL TI Anti-ship missile tracking with a chirped amplitude modulation ladar SO LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Systems Technology II CY APR 13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE ladar; laser radar; lidar; FM-CW; chirped AM; 3D imaging; Doppler; cruise missile; warning; tracking AB Shipboard infrared search and track (IRST) systems can detect sea-skimming anti-ship missiles at long ranges. Since IRST systems cannot measure range and velocity, they have difficulty distinguishing missiles from slowly moving false targets and clutter. ARL is developing a ladar based on its patented chirped amplitude modulation (AM) technique o provide unambiguous range and velocity measurements of targets handed over to it by the IRST. Using the ladar's range and velocity data. false alarms and clutter objects will be distinguished from valid targets. If the target is valid, it's angular location, range, and velocity, will be used to update the target track until remediation has been effected. E y using an array receiver, ARL's ladar can also provide 3D imagery of potential threats in support of force protection. The ladar development program will be accomplished in two phases. In Phase I, currently in progress, ARL is designing and building a breadboard ladar test system for proof-of-principle static platform field tests. In Phase II, ARL will build a brassboard ladar test system that will meet operational goals in shipboard testing against realistic targets. The principles of operation for the chirped AM ladar for range and velocity measurements, the ladar performance model, and the top-level design for the Phase I breadboard are presented in this paper. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Redman, BC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5336-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5413 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.542598 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAZ43 UT WOS:000224314300012 ER PT S AU DiCarlo, CD Brown, J Grado, A Sankovich, J Zwick, H Lund, DJ Stuck, BE AF DiCarlo, CD Brown, J Grado, A Sankovich, J Zwick, H Lund, DJ Stuck, BE BE Bartels, KE Bass, LS DeRiese, WTW Gregory, KW Hirschberg, H Katzir, A Kollias, N Madsen, SJ Malek, RS McNallyHeintzelman, KM Paulsen, KD Robinson, DS Tate, LP Trowers, EA Wong, BJ TI Use of the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) for assessing the response of 670 nm light emitting diodes (LED) photoillumination in an animal model with laser retinal injuries. SO LASERS IN SURGERY: ADVANCED CHARACTERIZATION, THERAPEUTICS, AND SYSTEMS XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers in Surgery - Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics and Systems XIV CY JAN 24-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE multifocal electroretinogram; mfERG; laser retinal injury; nonhuman primate ID RADIATION; TISSUES; CELLS AB There is no uniformly accepted objective method to diagnose the functional extent of retinal damage following laser eye injury and there is no uniform therapy for laser retinal injury. J.T. Eells, et al, (1) reported the use of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) photoillumination (670 mn) for methanol-induced retinal toxicity in rats. The findings indicated a preservation of retinal architecture, as determined by histopathology and a partial functional recovery of photoreceptors, as determined by electroretinogram (ERG), in the LED exposed methanol-intoxicated rats. The purpose of this study is to use multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) to evaluate recovery of retinal function following treatment with LED photoillumination in a cynomolgus monkey laser retinal injury model. Control and LED array (670 nm) illuminated animals received macular Argon laser lesions (514 mn, 130 mW, 100 ms). LED array exposure was accomplished for 4 days for a total dose of 4 J/cm(2) per day. Baseline and post-laser exposure mfERGs were performed. mfERG results for five animals post-laser injury but prior to treatment (Day 0) showed increased implicit times and P1 waveform amplitudes when compared to a combined laboratory normal and each animal's baseline normal values. In general, preliminary mfERG results of our first five subjects recorded using both the 103-hexagon and 509-hexagon patterns indicate a more rapid functional recovery in the LED illuminated animal as compared to the control by the end of the fourth day post-exposure. Research is continuing to determine if this difference in functional return is seen in additional subjects and if statistical significance exists. C1 USA Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP DiCarlo, CD (reprint author), USA Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 7965 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5220-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5312 BP 341 EP 353 DI 10.1117/12.528351 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Physics, Applied; Surgery SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Physics; Surgery GA BAR78 UT WOS:000223294600045 ER PT J AU Ye, XF Ruan, R Chen, P Doona, C AF Ye, XF Ruan, R Chen, P Doona, C TI Simulation and verification of ohmic heating in static heater using MRI temperature mapping SO LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT UND-TECHNOLOGIE-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE finite-element analysis; electricity-to-heat conversion efficiency; electrical conductivity; liquid-particulate mixture; PRF; FLASH ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FOOD; SHIFT; SYSTEM; WATER AB Mathematical modelin g of ohmic heating of liquid-particulate mixtures allows insight into the heating behavior, but model verification that uses only a selected number of points in an ohmic heating system is inadequate because of the unknown temperature distribution within the heated food materials, including the locations of hot and cold spots. In this study, ohmic heating of liquid-particulate mixtures was simulated using the finite-element analysis with the commercial software FEMLAB, and the model predictions were verified against temperature maps obtained using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A factor ignored by the previous modeling works, the electricity-to-heat conversion efficiency, was considered in the model, resulting in an improved model performance. The electrical conductivity and its temperature dependence for all the materials used in the simulation were determined under consistent electric field strength as the simulated ohmic heating processes. Other factors/parameters affecting model prediction, such as the boundary conditions and heat transfer coefficients, were also determined in situ for an accurate parametric input. The model predictions yielded good agreement with the MRI temperature maps. Results showed that the electrical conductivity of the materials is the most critical factor causing heating rate variations between the particulate phase and the liquid phase. The heating rate variations could be overcome by adjusting the electrical conductivity of the food materials before ohmic heating. This modeling procedure can be used for designing and controlling ohmic heating processes to ensure thermal sterilization and safety of ohmically heated food products. (C) 2003 Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Nanchang Univ, Jianxi 330047, Peoples R China. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Combat Feeding Innovat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Ruan, R (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 1390 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ruanx001@umn.edu OI Ruan, Roger/0000-0001-8835-2649 NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0023-6438 J9 LEBENSM-WISS TECHNOL JI Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol.-Food Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 37 IS 1 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0023-6438(03)00133-6 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 779NJ UT WOS:000189306400008 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Warrior soul: The memoir of a navy SEAL. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 129 IS 1 BP 126 EP 126 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 761NR UT WOS:000187915300189 ER PT J AU Metz, E AF Metz, E TI The last stand of the tin can sailors: The extraordinary World War II story of the US navy's finest hour. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USACGSC Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Metz, E (reprint author), USACGSC Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 129 IS 1 BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 761NR UT WOS:000187915300213 ER PT J AU Huang, TK Uyehara, CFT Balaraman, V Miyasato, CY Person, D Egan, E Easa, D AF Huang, TK Uyehara, CFT Balaraman, V Miyasato, CY Person, D Egan, E Easa, D TI Surfactant lavage with lidocaine improves pulmonary function in piglets after HCl-induced acute lung injury SO LUNG LA English DT Article DE surfactant; infasurf; lavage; lidocaine; pulmonary function; HCl acute lung injury ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; HYDROCHLORIC-ACID ASPIRATION; INSTILLED EXOGENOUS SURFACTANT; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; NONUNIFORM PATTERN; LOCAL-ANESTHETICS; RABBITS; MODEL; PREDICTORS; MECHANISMS AB Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of ARDS includes abnormalities of surfactant function as well as pulmonary inflammation. Immunomodulating drugs, like Lidocaine, have shown some success in decreasing inflammation in ARDS. We attempted to combine surfactant lavage's ability to reverse the surfactant dysfunction, while acting as a vehicle to deliver Lidocaine. Gravity-driven surfactant (Infasurf) lavage (35 ml/kg) was administered alone or mixed with Lidocaine after severe HCl acid injury (0.3 N; 3 cc/kg) in neonatal piglets. Treatment groups included: control (C) (n = 5), surfactant lavage (SL) (35 ml/kg-diluted Infasurf) (n = 7) and SL mixed with Lidocaine (SL+L) (n = 7). About 26-27% of the lavage was retained (phospholipid 73-74 mg/kg; Lidocaine 1.8 mg/kg). Oxygenation progressively increased in the SL and SL+L groups over the 4-hour period (at 240 min: C = 99 +/- 14; SL = 154 +/- 39; SL+L = 230 +/- 40 mmHg) (p < 0.05). PaCO2 increased in all groups from 43 +/- 0.3 to 55 +/- 0.7 mmHg. Only SL+L showed a reduction in PaCO2 (at 240 min: C = 54 +/- 4; SL = 53 +/- 7; SL+L = 49 +/- 2 mmHg) (p < 0.05). Finally, SL and SL + L had superior characteristics during the quasi-static pressure volume (PV) procedure as compared to Control (p < 0.05). In our HCl ALI model, SL improved oxygenation and quasi-static lung compliance over C. The pulmonary function effects of SL were further enhanced by the addition of Lidocaine to the surfactant suspension. Combining therapeutic agents with surfactant lavage may be an effective strategy in ALI. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. Kapiolani Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Pediat & Physiol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Easa, D (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. EM DavidE@kapiolani.org FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR011091, P20 RR011091-11, P20RR/11091, U54 RR014607-05] NR 46 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0341-2040 J9 LUNG JI Lung PD JAN PY 2004 VL 182 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s00408-003-1041-y PG 11 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 769CN UT WOS:000188609000003 PM 14752669 ER PT J AU Katsiari, CG Tsokos, GC AF Katsiari, CG Tsokos, GC TI Re-establishment of tolerance: the prospect of developing specific treatment for human lupus SO LUPUS LA English DT Editorial Material ID T-CELL-ACTIVATION; X NZW)F-1 MICE; MURINE LUPUS; PATHOGENIC AUTOANTIBODY; B-CELLS; ERYTHEMATOSUS; PEPTIDE; DISEASE; NEPHRITIS; PREVENTS C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM gtsokos@usuhs.mil NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0961-2033 J9 LUPUS JI Lupus PY 2004 VL 13 IS 7 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1191/0961203304lu1078ed PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 845PA UT WOS:000223255600001 PM 15352417 ER PT S AU Hernandez, L Turner, J Holland, M AF Hernandez, L Turner, J Holland, M BE Frederking, RE Taylor, KB TI Feedback from the field: The challenge of users in motion SO MACHINE TRANSLATION: FROM REAL USERS TO RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference of the Association-for-Machine-Translation-in-the-Americas CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Assoc Machine Translat Americas AB Feedback from field deployments of machine translation (NIT) is instructive but hard to obtain, especially in the case of soldiers deployed in mobile and stressful environments. We first consider the process of acquiring feedback: the difficulty of getting and interpreting it, the kinds of information that have been used in place of or as predictors of direct feedback, and the validity and completeness of that information. We then look at how to better forecast the utility of MT in deployments so that feedback from the field is focused on aspects that can be fixed or enhanced rather than on overall failure or viability of the technology. We draw examples from document and speech translation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hernandez, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM lhernandez@arl.army.mil; jturner@arl.army.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-23300-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3265 BP 94 EP 101 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BBB91 UT WOS:000224611600011 ER PT B AU Trainor, T Caprari, K Green, C Roth, J Unger, C AF Trainor, T Caprari, K Green, C Roth, J Unger, C BE Swan, N TI Threat and vulnerability risk assessment for the insurance industry SO Managing in a Dangerous World: TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF TECHNICAL CONFERENCES: BRIDGING BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th National Conference of the American-Society-for-Engineering-Management CY OCT 20-23, 2004 CL Alexandria, VA SP Amer Soc Engn Management AB The terrorist attacks of September 11(th), 2001 significantly changed the American view of security. AIG Consultants, Inc. (AIGC), a member company of American International Group, Inc. asked the Engineering Management program at the United States Military Academy (USMA) to develop a method to quantify the risks from potential terrorist events to clients. The methodology uses multi-objective decision analysis techniques to weight and assess risk in eight defined areas. These areas are assessed with user responses to questionnaires tailored to specific industries and risk assessment scores are calculated as a weighted average of the question responses in a web application. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY USA. RP Trainor, T (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMT PI ROLLA PA 310 HARRIS HALL, UMR, ROLLA, MO 65401 USA PY 2004 BP 227 EP 234 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BBZ87 UT WOS:000228423300031 ER PT B AU Cushing, JM Trainor, T AF Cushing, JM Trainor, T BE Swan, N TI Developing base camps to support military operations in a dangerous world SO Managing in a Dangerous World: TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF TECHNICAL CONFERENCES: BRIDGING BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th National Conference of the American-Society-for-Engineering-Management CY OCT 20-23, 2004 CL Alexandria, VA SP Amer Soc Engn Management AB The Departments of Systems Engineering and Civil and Mechanical Engineering at USMA are assisting the Engineering Research and Development Center in the development of a cradle to grave strategic plan to address base camp infrastructure assessment and issues that arise in planning, design, construction, operation, transfer and closure. This paper will report on a two-day workshop held at USMA that involved key individuals experienced in base camp operations. The results of this workshop and the future plan for addressing base camp planning and management issues will also be addressed. C1 US Mil Acad, Engn Management Program, W Point, NY USA. RP Cushing, JM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Engn Management Program, W Point, NY USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMT PI ROLLA PA 310 HARRIS HALL, UMR, ROLLA, MO 65401 USA PY 2004 BP 527 EP 531 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BBZ87 UT WOS:000228423300068 ER PT B AU Harris, JK Parnell, GS Gardner, S Hoops, BA Mounts, RR AF Harris, JK Parnell, GS Gardner, S Hoops, BA Mounts, RR BE Swan, N TI Army BRAC 2005 implementation complexity model SO Managing in a Dangerous World: TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF TECHNICAL CONFERENCES: BRIDGING BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th National Conference of the American-Society-for-Engineering-Management CY OCT 20-23, 2004 CL Alexandria, VA SP Amer Soc Engn Management AB Since 1988, the Army has implemented four Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) rounds. The primary reason for BRAC is to reduce excess capacity at Army installations. This research focused on implementation of BRAC after the list is approved. First, we analyzed the historical data on prior BRAC rounds to identify installation complexity factors and obstacles to implementation. Next, we developed a management decision tool to assess installation complexity. This work was requested by the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army (Infrastructure Analyses), and the Total Army Basing Study (TABS) Group. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY USA. RP Harris, JK (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMT PI ROLLA PA 310 HARRIS HALL, UMR, ROLLA, MO 65401 USA PY 2004 BP 637 EP 645 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BBZ87 UT WOS:000228423300082 ER PT J AU Cerco, CF Noel, MR AF Cerco, CF Noel, MR TI Process-based primary production modeling in Chesapeake Bay SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; primary production; phytoplankton; mathematical models ID MENHADEN BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; MARINE DIATOMS; SPRING BLOOM; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; PLANKTON DYNAMICS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GROWTH; RESPIRATION AB A primary production model is described and compared to 3 observational data bases: light-saturated carbon fixation, net phytoplankton primary production, and gross phytoplankton primary production. The model successfully reproduces the observations while maintaining realistic calculations of algal carbon, chlorophyll, limiting nutrient, and light attenuation. Computed primary production in light-limited regions is proportional to the algal growth rate. Successful computation of primary production in nutrient-depleted waters depends on the formulation and magnitude of the model predation term. Our quadratic formulation mimics a predator population that is closely coupled to algal biomass and rapidly recycles nutrients from algal biomass to available form. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cerco, CF (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Mail Stop EP-W,3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM cercoc@wes.army.mil NR 57 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2004 VL 282 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.3354/meps282045 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 880LS UT WOS:000225791900004 ER PT J AU Cho, KC Woodman, RH Klotz, BR Dowding, RJ AF Cho, KC Woodman, RH Klotz, BR Dowding, RJ TI Plasma Pressure Compaction of tungsten powders SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Materials Processing Under the Influence of Electric and Magnetic Fields CY MAR 03-05, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Mat Proc & Mfg Div, Process Modeling, Analy & Controls Comm, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Proc Div, Process Fundanentals Comm DE tungsten; consolidation; plasma pressure compaction; field-assisted sintering; grain growth temperature ID MICROSTRUCTURE; ALLOYS AB Compacts of tungsten powders were consolidated by Plasma Pressure Compaction ((PC)-C-2), an electric discharge technique. The powders were a variety of commercially available grades ranging in average particle size from submicron to 12 microns. Following consolidation, the density of the compacts was measured, and the microstructure examined. Results revealed the effect of powder size, pulsed current treatment, final hold temperature, and applied pressure on final part density and microstructure development. Most important to the purpose of the study, it was found that the short cycle time Of (PC)-C-2 did not suppress grain growth in the compacts of submicron powder. Thus, grain growth remained a consequence of full densification. Implications of these results for the development of ultra fine-grained microstructures using P2C are discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,WM,MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cho, KC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,WM,MB, Bldg 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM kcho@arl.army.mil RI Dowding, Robert/F-1469-2015 OI Dowding, Robert/0000-0002-4763-2131 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 619 EP 630 DI 10.1081/LMMP-200028077 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 860SL UT WOS:000224363300005 ER PT J AU Klotz, BR Cho, KC Dowding, RJ AF Klotz, BR Cho, KC Dowding, RJ TI Sintering aids in the consolidation of boron carbide (B4C) by the Plasma Pressure Compaction ((PC)-C-2) method SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Materials Processing Under the Influence of Electric and Magnetic Fields CY MAR 03-05, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Mat Proc & Mfg Div, Process Modeling, Analy & Controls Comm, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Proc Div, Process Fundanentals Comm DE boron carbide; powder consolidation; plasma pressure compaction; sintering aids; alumina; titanium diboride; carbon ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB Boron carbide (B4C) powder has been densified by a novel method of powder consolidation known as Plasma Pressure Compaction ((PC)-C-2). The (PC)-C-2 technique allows for rapid consolidation of powder by Joule heating of the powder bed. Powder is placed in graphite dies, and uniaxial pressure and low-voltage, high-amperage (10V, 5000 amps maximum) direct current are applied to achieve densification. Pure B4C powder was consolidated at lower temperature and hold time to densities equal to those achieved by conventional hot pressing. With the addition of a small amount of alumina (Al2O3) as a sintering aid, densities as high as 97% theoretical were attained. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons Mat Res Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,WM,MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cho, KC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons Mat Res Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,WM,MB, Bldg 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM kcho@arl.army.mil RI Dowding, Robert/F-1469-2015 OI Dowding, Robert/0000-0002-4763-2131 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 631 EP 639 DI 10.1081/LMMP-200028083 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 860SL UT WOS:000224363300006 ER PT J AU Tackitt, KD Gillespie, JW AF Tackitt, KD Gillespie, JW TI A statistical model for determining the through-transmission ultrasonic amplitude response for imperfectly contacting interfaces during thermoplastic fusion bonding SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE through-transmission ultrasonics; fusion bonding; thermoplastic; composite; joining; welding; processing; process control; imperfect interface ID MANUFACTURING PROCESS; COMPOSITES AB The focus of this work is to develop a system model for through-transmission ultrasonics (TTU) as a process monitoring technique for nonintrusive, online control of thermoplastic fusion bonding processes. A closed form model is developed to predict the TTU amplitude of a fusion bond using an ultrasonic wave propagation theory with a model for the evolution of intimate contact at the material interfaces. This new approach treats the attenuation of sensor response due to imperfect contact at the bond interface as a statistical averaging of the transmission coefficients for each of the possible sound paths between source and receiver. The results of experimental and model-based parametric studies show that the intimately contacting path dominates the overall signal behavior. An approximation of the full model for an arbitrary number of interfaces based on these results is derived. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. RP Tackitt, KD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM ktackitt@arl.army.mil NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1189 EP 1214 DI 10.1081/LMMP-200035312 PG 26 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 874XV UT WOS:000225384900013 ER PT S AU Tamma, KK Ngo, ND AF Tamma, KK Ngo, ND BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI An overview of multi-scale flow/thermal/cure modeling for resin transfer molding processes of complex structural composites SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res ID MANUFACTURING APPLICATIONS; PROCESS MODELING/ANALYSIS; MOVING FRONTS; PERMEABILITY; VALIDATIONS; SIMULATIONS; TRACKING; THICK; FLOW AB An overview and recent advances in flow/thermal/cure multi-scale modeling and analysis is provided with some illustrative examples for practical applications that employ composites manufactured by RTM process. C1 Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Tamma, KK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600021 ER PT S AU Wetzel, ED Lee, YS Egres, RG Kirkwood, KM Kirkwood, JE Wagner, NJ AF Wetzel, ED Lee, YS Egres, RG Kirkwood, KM Kirkwood, JE Wagner, NJ BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI The effect of rheological parameters on the ballistic properties of shear thickening fluid (STF)-Kevlar composites SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res ID CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS AB The addition of colloidal shear thickening fluids (STFs) to Kevlar fabrics has been shown to enhance the ballistic penetration resistance of the fabric, under conditions of low velocities and small target sizes [1,2]. It is believed that this improvement in ballistic properties is related to the resistance of the STF to deformation at high strain rates, since the addition of Newtonian fluids to Kevlar fabric does not improve ballistic performance. However, the precise role of the STF, and its rheological properties, in the ballistic defeat process are not known. In this study, ballistic and rheological experiments are performed to determine the effect of fluid viscosity, particle loadings, and particle size and shape on the behavior of STF-Kevlar composites. These results will be help to determine which rheological parameters are most critical to achieving enhanced composite properties. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wetzel, ED (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MA, Bldg 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 288 EP 293 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600046 ER PT S AU Henz, BJ Shires, DR Mohan, RV AF Henz, BJ Shires, DR Mohan, RV BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI A parallel computational environment for modeling the resin transfer molding process SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res DE resin transfer molding; finite element method; parallel processing; object-oriented programming ID SIMULATIONS AB A parallel computational environment for modeling the resin transfer molding manufacturing process has been developed at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. This environment utilizes an implicit numerical method for modeling resin flow, a thermal model for analyzing convection and conduction, and a resin kinetics model to compute the heat generated and degree of resin cure during the curing process. The computing environment also includes a multiscale thermal residual stress model for computing the distortions and residual stresses in the composite component caused by the manufacturing process. All of these models have been tied together within a parallel object-oriented programming framework. This paper will discuss the computing environment in detail and its utility to real world applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL CI HC, High Performance Comp Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Henz, BJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL CI HC, High Performance Comp Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 305 EP 310 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600049 ER PT S AU Chung, PW AF Chung, PW BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI Computational homogenization method for atom-to-continuum modeling SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res ID SELF-ORGANIZATION; GRAPHITE; DEFECTS; SOLIDS; FILMS AB Homogenization theory has been well accepted by the applied mechanics modeling community for its ability to integrate small-scale microstructure phenomena into bulk continuum equations using convergent features of asymptotics. This paper describes an extension of the method to handle asymptotically small atomic scale systems at zero temperature embedded within a deforming continuum. A so-called inner displacement naturally arises in the formulation that enables the consideration of distributed anharmonic crystalline effects that would otherwise be unapproachable with bulk continuum methods alone. The result is a simple computational mechanics method that, first, maps instantaneous continuum deformation gradients to deforming defected crystalline arrangements then, second, provides convergent effective material properties to be used for consistent continuum calculations. The intended applications are those involving patterned defects, either in bulk or on surfaces, which allude to possible manufacturing scenarios. Simple 2-D examples are shown for in-plane deformation of graphene possessing various types of point defects. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chung, PW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 1607 EP 1612 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600267 ER PT S AU Zhou, X Tamma, KK Sha, D AF Zhou, X Tamma, KK Sha, D BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI A novel arbitrary reference configuration (ARC) Lagrangian formulation and contrast to total/updated Lagrangian formulation in finite strain applications SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res AB An arbitrary reference configuration (ARC) elasticity theory is proposed in the paper with the attempt to circumvent the deficiencies associated with the hyperelasticity and hypoelasticity theories. The corresponding stress update formulation and the ARC Lagrangian formulation is also developed. Some numerical examples are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed theory. C1 Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Zhou, X (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 2216 EP 2221 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600372 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Bakris, GL AF Abbott, KC Bakris, GL TI What have we learned from the current trials? SO MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-CHANNEL BLOCKERS; CONVERTING-ENZYME-INHIBITORS; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE CONTROL; STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES; DIABETIC-NEPHROPATHY; TYPE-2 DIABETES/; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; KIDNEY-FUNCTION AB The twenty-first century has opened with an explosion of landmark randomized clinical trials assessing the impact of therapeutic agents on outcomes in hypertensive patients. The trials discussed in this article are in the opinion of the authors the most significant studies of the new century in several categories: (1) assessment of the impact of agents on incident cardiovascular disease in high-risk patients in the general population (ie, in patients at high risk for but not exclusively those with known prevalent disease); (2) progression of renal disease in patients with type II diabetes; and (3) outcomes in high-risk ethnic subgroups (ie, African Americans). Agents featured include diuretics versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or calcium channel blockers for de novo events, angiotensin receptor blockers for progression of diabetic renal disease, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors versus calcium channel blockers in African Americans with hypertensive nephropathy. C1 Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Clin Res Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bakris, GL (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Clin Res Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, 1700 W Van Buren St,Suite 470, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM George.Bakris@rush.edu OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0025-7125 J9 MED CLIN N AM JI Med. Clin. N. Am. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 88 IS 1 BP 189 EP + DI 10.1016/S0025-7125(03)00129-9 PG 20 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 765ET UT WOS:000188254700013 PM 14871059 ER PT J AU Babincova, M Leszczynska, D Sourivong, P Babinec, P Leszczynski, J AF Babincova, M Leszczynska, D Sourivong, P Babinec, P Leszczynski, J TI Principles of magnetodynamic chemotherapy SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOLIPOSOMES; DESIGN AB Basic principles of a novel method of cancer treatment are explained. Method is based on the thermal activation of an inactive prodrug encapsulated in magnetoliposomes via Neel and Brown effects of inductive heating of subdomain superparamagnetic particles to sufficiently high temperatures. This principle may be combined with targeted drug delivery (using constant magnetic field) and controlled release (using high-frequency magnetic field) of an activated drug entrapped in magnetoliposomes. Using this method drug may be applied very selectively in the particular site of organism and this procedure may be repeated several times using e.g. stealth magnetoliposomes which are circulating in a blood-stream for several days. Moreover the magnetoliposomes concentrated by external constant magnetic field in tumor vasculature may lead to embolic Lesions and necrosis of a tumor body and further the heat produced for thermal activation of a drug enhances the effect of chemotherapy by local hyperthermic treatment of neoplastic cells. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Comenius Univ, Dept Biophys & Chem Phys, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia. FSU, FAMU, Dept Civil Engn, Tallahassee, FL USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Hlth Phys Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Jackson State Univ, Computat Ctr Mol Struct & Interact, Dept Chem, Jackson, MS USA. RP Babincova, M (reprint author), Comenius Univ, Dept Biophys & Chem Phys, Mlynska Dolina F1, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia. EM babincova@fmph.uniba.sk OI Babinec, Peter/0000-0002-4424-3376 NR 6 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PY 2004 VL 62 IS 3 BP 375 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.mehy.2003.10.003 PG 3 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 805UR UT WOS:000220391700010 PM 14975506 ER PT J AU Ubol, S Aiamkitsumrit, B Nitayaphan, S Sirinavin, S Kitthawee, S AF Ubol, S Aiamkitsumrit, B Nitayaphan, S Sirinavin, S Kitthawee, S TI Detection of the impairment of CD80 expression on circulating monocytes in HIV-infected Thai children SO MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD80; pediatric AIDS; HIV ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONOCYTES; DENDRITIC CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-10; MOLECULES; B7-1 AB \The mechanism of progressive anergic response in HIV-infected children has yet to be adequately described. One possibility is inappropriate delivery of an essential second signal for T-cell activation due to the inappropriate presentation of co-stimulatory molecules. To determine whether the ligand for the secondary signal is impaired in pediatric AIDS, we compared the level of CD80 expression by circulating monocytes in HIV-infected and -noninfected children (15 mild/asymptomatic, 13 symptomatic and 12 HIV seronegative children). By two-color flow cytometry analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of monocytes expressing CD80 among the groups (i.e., 63.2+/-5.8, 60.9+/-12.7, 61.04+/-10.9 for uninfected children, mild-asymptomatic children and symptomatic children, respectively). However, both infected groups showed statistically significant lower levels of CD80 expression, with mean fluorescent intensities of 40.9+/-5.9 and 38.8+/-10.7 compared to 57.05+/-16.3 for the uninfected control group. Our data demonstrated a correlation between HIV infection and impairment of CD80 by circulating monocytes. Whether the impairment on CD80 expression contributes to destruction of the immunological network in HIV-infected children requires further investigation. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Thai Component, Dept Microbiol, Div Res, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Sch Med, Ramathibodi Hosp, Dept Pediat, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Ubol, S (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, 272 RAMA 6 Rd,Ratchathewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM scsul@mahidol.ac.th NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-4-16 YAYOI, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0032, JAPAN SN 0385-5600 J9 MICROBIOL IMMUNOL JI Microbiol. Immunol. PY 2004 VL 48 IS 7 BP 557 EP 560 PG 4 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 834WF UT WOS:000222440900011 PM 15272203 ER PT S AU Hudson, TD Ashley, P Temmen, M Kranz, M Buncick, M Tuck, E McMillen, D AF Hudson, TD Ashley, P Temmen, M Kranz, M Buncick, M Tuck, E McMillen, D BE Johnson, EG Nordin, GP TI Microfabrication technologies for-missile components SO MICROMACHINING TECHNOLOGY FOR MICRO-OPTICS AND NANO-OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining Technology for Micro-Optics and Nano-Optics II CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE microfabrication; fiber optic gyroscope; MEMS; inertial sensor; RF MEMS switch AB This invited communication presents the microfabrication. technologies, and associated issues, being developed by the U. S. Army's AMRDEC for missile components. Primary components are inertial sensors and radio frequency switches. Two inertial sensor types are discussed--fiber optic and micro-eletromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes. The RF switches are also based on MEMS technology and are a natural extension of the microfabrication processes developed for the MEMS gyroscope. C1 USA, AMRDEC, AMSRD,AMR, WS,ID, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Hudson, TD (reprint author), USA, AMRDEC, AMSRD,AMR, WS,ID, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5255-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5347 BP 145 EP 159 DI 10.1117/12.532616 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BY72E UT WOS:000189447300018 ER PT S AU Canales, P Vallestero, N AF Canales, P Vallestero, N GP IEEE TI Future bandwidth for the future force through laser communications SO MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB Current on-the-move network applications rely heavily on RF solutions to maintain mobility while providing adequate voice, video and data solutions. These applications demand the ability to quickly establish a network infrastructure and to be able to break down and move on when required. While existing RF technologies allow the user to remain mobile in the field, the future of on-the-move communications will demand a higher bandwidth than the current RF solutions can handle. This paper will explore the current efforts being made by the Army in the exploration of laser communications as a solution for these high bandwidth applications. C1 USA, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Canales, P (reprint author), USA, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. EM peter.canales@us.army.mil; neil.vallestero@us.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8847-X J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2004 BP 382 EP 387 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCQ43 UT WOS:000230724200061 ER PT S AU Bailey, TJ Dunlop, MAJMW Mostow, JR Patterson, C Tafoni, T Yeffeth, DA AF Bailey, TJ Dunlop, MAJMW Mostow, JR Patterson, C Tafoni, T Yeffeth, DA GP IEEE TI Aggregate level communications effects server: Meeting the communications realism challenge for large-scale real-time simulation experiments and analysis SO MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB The Department of Defense (DoD) is engaged in a massive transformation of its warfighting and peacekeeping capabilities. A concept that highlights the importance of future communications is Network Enabled Warfare (NEW) (formerly referred to as Network Centric Warfare). Network Enabled Warfare concepts call for a robustly networked force to enhance the quality of information among forces. Existing capabilities in Army communications modeling and simulation (M&S) technologies are inadequate to support transformation concepts. Most current Army testing, training, and experimentation events are planned and executed assuming perfect communications, with no restrictions, such as latency or bandwidth, that would be encountered in the real world. The Aggregate Level Communications Effects Server (ALCES) has been developed to meet the communications-realism challenge for Army Battle Lab experiments and analysis requirements, ensuring that simulated communications systems and networks used in future experiments accurately reflect real-world battlefield conditions. C1 USA, TRADOC, Anal Ctr, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Bailey, TJ (reprint author), USA, TRADOC, Anal Ctr, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8847-X J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2004 BP 867 EP 873 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCQ43 UT WOS:000230724200136 ER PT S AU Torrieri, D Bakhru, K AF Torrieri, D Bakhru, K GP IEEE TI A direct-sequence adaptive array SO MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE ID SMART ANTENNAS; SYSTEMS AB An adaptive-array algorithm that suppresses interference in a direct-sequence system is proposed. The algorithm differs from existing and proposed ones in that it requires neither training sequences, decision-directed adaptation, nor the arrival angle of the direct-sequence signal. Simulation experiments confirm that the algorithm supplements the direct-sequence processing gain with a large amount of additional interference suppression. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8847-X J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2004 BP 1444 EP 1450 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCQ43 UT WOS:000230724200222 ER PT J AU Mulkey, SL Hassell, LH LaFrance, KG AF Mulkey, SL Hassell, LH LaFrance, KG TI The implications of TRICARE on medical readiness SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study was to compare two alternative sources of replacement personnel for a medical treatment facility experiencing personnel loss due to a deployment. The two replacement strategies included the reserve component option and the TRICARE internal resource-sharing option. A hypothetical scenario was used as a mechanism for the analysis, and three key variables were considered: effectiveness, feasibility, and operational expense. From the perspective of effectiveness, the TRICARE strategy demonstrated an ability to provide a slightly larger percentage of the requested replacement personnel. With regard to feasibility, both strategies were feasible in that both could provide replacements for the duration of the 270-day deployment and within an established 180-day report date. Operational expense was a decisive factor with the reserve component option significantly less costly than the TRICARE alternative. Weaknesses and strengths of each option were identified and discussed, and alternatives were recommended. C1 Baylor Univ, Grad Program Hlth Care Adm, AMEDD Ctr & Sch, USA, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Ctr Hlth Educ & Studies, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Mulkey, SL (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Grad Program Hlth Care Adm, AMEDD Ctr & Sch, USA, 3151 Scott Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IP UT WOS:000235829100004 PM 14964496 ER PT J AU Cody, JT Adamson, KA Parker, RL Morrey, SL Maxwell, EE AF Cody, JT Adamson, KA Parker, RL Morrey, SL Maxwell, EE TI Performance of military-trained physician assistants on the physician assistant national certification examination SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Although the first physician assistant (PA) program was born at a civilian academic institution, the impact of the military was immediately obvious as evidenced by the entire first class of PA students being Vietnam veteran Navy Corpsmen. Following initiation of the PA profession, the armed services established their own PA training programs that were eventually consolidated into a single interservice program in 1996. The mission of the Interservice PA Program is to produce high-quality PAs prepared to provide medical care in not only the traditional clinical arena but in the more unique situations seen in both peacetime and wartime military settings. PAs must complete an approved formal training program encompassing didactic and clinical training and pass a national certification examination to be licensed to practice. Pass rates are a key measure of the quality of a training program. We compared the national certification examination pass rates for our program with those of accredited civilian programs. Graduates of our program had a significantly higher pass rate and higher average scores than their civilian counterparts. These results are due to the strength of the program and faculty as well as the considerable hard work and dedication of the students who are drawn from a community that is, in many ways, non-traditional compared with other PA programs. These results demonstrate that the military training of PAs continues to provide high-quality health care providers who perform above their civilian-trained counterparts. C1 USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Dept Med Sci, Interserv Phys Assistant Program, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Cody, JT (reprint author), USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Dept Med Sci, Interserv Phys Assistant Program, 3151 Scott Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 34 EP 37 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IP UT WOS:000235829100007 PM 14964499 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Reynolds, KL Harman, E AF Knapik, JJ Reynolds, KL Harman, E TI Soldier load carriage: Historical, physiological, biomechanical, and medical aspects SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PROLONGED TREADMILL WALKING; ENERGY-COST; STRESS-FRACTURES; FRICTION BLISTERS; CARRYING LOADS; RISK-FACTORS; ROAD MARCH; TERRAIN COEFFICIENTS; RUCKSACK PARALYSIS; MILITARY RECRUITS AB This study reviews historical and biomedical aspects of soldier load carriage. Before the 18th century, foot soldiers seldom carried more than 15 kg while on the march, but loads have progressively risen since then. This load increase is presumably due to the weight of weapons and equipment that incorporate new technologies to increase protection, firepower, communications, and mobility. Research shows that locating the load center of mass as close as possible to the body center of mass results in the lowest energy cost and tends to keep the body in an upright position similar to unloaded walking. Loads carried on other parts of the body result in higher energy expenditures: each kilogram added to the foot increases energy expenditure 7% to 10%; each kilogram added to the thigh increases energy expenditure 4%. Hip belts on rucksacks should be used whenever possible as they reduce pressure on the shoulders and increase comfort. Low or mid-back load placement might be preferable on uneven terrain but high load placement may be best for even terrain. In some tactical situations, combat load carts can be used, and these can considerably reduce energy expenditure and improve performance. Physical training that includes aerobic exercise, resistance training targeted at specific muscle groups, and regular road marching can considerably improve road marching speed and efficiency. The energy cost of walking with backpack loads increases progressively with increases in weight carried, body mass, walking speed, or grade; type of terrain also influences energy cost. Predictive equations have been developed, but these may not be accurate for prolonged load carriage. Common injuries associated with prolonged load carriage include foot blisters, stress fractures, back strains, metatarsalgia, rucksack palsy, and knee pain. Load carriage can be facilitated by lightening loads, improving load distribution, optimizing load-carriage equipment, and taking preventive action to reduce the incidence of injury. C1 USA, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 169 TC 171 Z9 178 U1 3 U2 39 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 45 EP 56 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IP UT WOS:000235829100010 PM 14964502 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JP AF Mitchell, JP TI A 20-year-old-army private presenting with chronic monarticular arthritis SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TUBERCULOSIS AB A 20-year-old Asian active duty male soldier presented with chronic monarticular arthritis and a paucity of other symptoms. After multiple evaluations, the patient was eventually diagnosed with tuberculous arthritis without evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis infection. This case demonstrates the necessity of a high index of suspicion for chronic infectious causes of monarticular arthritis, particularly in those individuals at a greater risk of exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Untreated, tuberculous arthritis can result in significant joint destruction and morbidity as demonstrated in this patient. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mitchell, JP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, Ward 77, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM jeanne.mitchell@na.amedd.army.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 82 EP 85 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IP UT WOS:000235829100018 PM 14964510 ER PT J AU Parnell, GS Burk, RC Westphal, D Schulman, A Kwan, L Blackhurst, JL Verret, PM Karasopoulos, HA AF Parnell, GS Burk, RC Westphal, D Schulman, A Kwan, L Blackhurst, JL Verret, PM Karasopoulos, HA TI Air Force Research Laboratory Space Technology Value Model: Creating capabilities for future customers SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) develops space technologies to provide future warfighting capabilities of the U.S. Air Force. In 2001, AFRL asked Toffler Associates to help develop and implement a Space Technology Value Model to identify future warfighting capabilities and help develop the best space R&D portfolio to provide these capabilities. We describe the model development process, and illustrate how the value model was used to improve resource allocation decision-making. This methodology has been used for two POM cycles. We used Value-Focused Thinking and some new techniques for analyzing R&D portfolios, including an explicit model of risk and a nonlinear aggregation of project value into portfolio value. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Parnell, GS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2004 VL 9 IS 1 BP 5 EP + PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 831NZ UT WOS:000222202500001 ER PT J AU Britt, TW Stetz, MC Bliese, PD AF Britt, TW Stetz, MC Bliese, PD TI Work-relevant values strengthen the stressor-strain relation in elite army units SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIANGLE MODEL; PERSONALITY; RESPONSIBILITY; MULTILEVEL AB We examined in this research whether possessing work-relevant values would lead to stronger relations between different types of stressors and outcomes. U.S. Army Rangers completed the Rokeach Value Survey (Rokeach, 1973) and measures assessing work overload, role clarity, and amount of sleep. Rangers also completed measures of job satisfaction, morale, and psychological distress (depression, somatization, and anxiety). Due to the nature of our sample, we concentrated on the instrumental values (ways individuals attain desired states) contained in the Rokeach Value Survey. A principal axis analysis of these values revealed factors reflecting achievement-related values and affiliation-related values. Moderated multiple regressions revealed that Rangers who scored higher on the achievement value evidenced a stronger relation between the following variables: role clarity and job satisfaction, morale, and somatization; work overload and job satisfaction and morale; and between amount of sleep and anxiety, depression, and somatization. Thus, the achievement value moderated eight stressor-strain relations. In contrast, scores on the affiliation value only strengthened the stressor-outcome relation on three occasions. Discussion of the results focuses on how work-relevant values might amplify the impact of work-relevant experiences. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Psychol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Britt, TW (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Psychol, 418 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM twbritt@clemson.edu NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1601_1 PG 17 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 779JW UT WOS:000189292400001 ER PT J AU Matthews, MD Strater, LD Endsley, MR AF Matthews, MD Strater, LD Endsley, MR TI Situation awareness requirements for infantry platoon leaders SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Situation awareness (SA) is a construct closely linked to decision making and performance. Identifying SA requirements for specific jobs is a necessary first step in accurately assessing SA, developing training programs to enhance SA skills, and evaluating the impact of new technology on SA. This research identified the SA requirements for infantry small unit leaders. Six highly experienced infantry subject matter experts were given semi-structured, in-depth interviews. The resulting SA requirements hierarchy contained 7 primary goals and multiple subgoals. Situation awareness requirements are job and mission specific. The methods used here may be adapted to identify SA requirements in other domains characterized by small, cohesive teams operating in dynamic environments and as the basis for developing SA metrics in these domains. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Matthews, MD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM lm6270@usma.edu NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1603_1 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 844UZ UT WOS:000223187600001 ER PT S AU Hudas, GR Cheok, KC Overholt, JL Smid, GE AF Hudas, GR Cheok, KC Overholt, JL Smid, GE BE Gage, DW TI Two dimensional localization using nonlinear Kalman approaches SO MOBILE ROBOTS XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mobile Robots XVII CY OCT 26-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE autonomous; estimation; nonlinear systems; least squares; localization; Kalman filtering AB We present two methods for a localization system, defined as the "angle of arrival" scheme, which computes position and heading of an autonomous vehicle system (AVS) fusing both odometry data and the measurements of the relative azimuth angles of known landmarks (in this case, reflectors of a stabilized laser/reflector system). The first method involves a combination of a geometric transformation and a recursive least squares approach with forgetting factor. The second method presented is a direct approach using variants of the Unscented Kalman filter. Both methods are examined in simulation and the results presented. C1 USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Hudas, GR (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, 6501 11 Mile, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5562-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5609 BP 298 EP 306 DI 10.1117/12.571578 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics; Transportation Science & Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics; Transportation GA BBP24 UT WOS:000226861200029 ER PT S AU Soares, JW Mello, CM AF Soares, JW Mello, CM BE Bennedsen, BS Chen, YR Meyer, GE Senecal, AG Tu, SI TI Antimicrobial peptides: A review of how peptide structure impacts antimicrobial activity SO MONITORING FOOD SAFETY, AGRICULTURE, AND PLANT HEALTH SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Monitoring Food Safety, Agriculture and Plant Health CY OCT 29-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE DE antimicrobial peptide; peptide-membrane interactions; peptide structure; antimicrobial activity ID ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDES; INSECT IMMUNITY; ARGININE-RICH; PIG INTESTINE; HYALOPHORA-CECROPIA; ANTIBIOTIC PEPTIDES; INNATE IMMUNITY; LEUKEMIA-CELLS; SEQUENCE; MEMBRANES AB Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been discovered in insects, mammals, reptiles, and plants to protect against microbial infection. Many of these peptides have been isolated and studied exhaustively to decipher the molecular mechanisms that impart protection against infectious bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms are still being debated within the scientific community but valuable clues have been obtained through structure/function relationship studies(1). Biophysical studies have revealed that cecropins, isolated from insects and pigs, exhibit random structure in solution but undergo a conformational change to an amphipathic alpha-helix upon interaction with a membrane surface(2). The lack of secondary structure in solution results in an extremely durable peptide able to survive exposure to high temperatures, organic solvents and incorporation into fibers and films without compromising antibacterial activity. Studies to better understand the antimicrobial action of cecropins and other ANTPs have provided insight into the importance of peptide sequence and structure in antimicrobial activities. Therefore, enhancing our knowledge of how peptide structure imparts function may result in customized peptide sequences tailored for specific applications such as targeted cell delivery systems, novel antibiotics and food preservation additives. This review will summarize the current state of knowledge with respect to cell binding and antimicrobial activity of AMPs focusing primarily upon cecropins. C1 USA, RDECOM, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Mello, CM (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5160-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5271 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1117/12.516171 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAD46 UT WOS:000221665800004 ER PT S AU Senecal, KJ Soares, J Mello, CM Pivarnik, P Senecal, A AF Senecal, KJ Soares, J Mello, CM Pivarnik, P Senecal, A BE Bennedsen, BS Chen, YR Meyer, GE Senecal, AG Tu, SI TI Novel membrane technology for food and water monitoring SO MONITORING FOOD SAFETY, AGRICULTURE, AND PLANT HEALTH SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Monitoring Food Safety, Agriculture and Plant Health CY OCT 29-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE ID FIBERS AB The need exists to improve sensitivity of detection for toxic pollutants and pathogenic microorganisms, ensuring food and water safety. Developing methods that would increase antibody binding surface area and/or improve the sampling process by specifically concentrating the analyte of interest from the diluted extracted food sample would increase the chances of finding and detecting food pathogens and their toxins. Our approach to improve sensitivity was to generate high surface nanofibrous membranes with covalently attached molecular recognition elements (MREs, e.g. antibodies and peptides) for the selective capture of target analytes through the use of electrospinning Electrospinning is a process by which high static voltages are used to produce an interconnected membrane-like web of small fibers with diameters ranging from 50-1000 nanometers. These nanofibrous membranes can have surface areas approximately one to two orders of magnitude higher than those found in continuous films. The association of MREs with high surface area electrospun membranes presents the opportunity for developing both biosensor detection platforms and novel sampling devices. It is expected that the available surface area demonstrated by this technique will provide increased sensitivity, capture efficiency and fast response time in sensing applications. Antibodies and peptide-based receptors were selectively immobilized onto these nanoporous membranes for bioaffinity capture. Initial results involving fluorescent and chemiluminescent imaging for quantifying attachment and activity in association with the electrospinning process will be discussed. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Senecal, KJ (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RI Senecal, Andre/E-6605-2010; Senecal, Kris/F-3000-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5160-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5271 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1117/12.515949 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAD46 UT WOS:000221665800016 ER PT B AU Bogdanowicz, Z Coleman, N AF Bogdanowicz, Z Coleman, N BE Arabnia, HR Ajwa, IA Gravvanis, GA TI Efficient methodology and robust infrastructure for assigning weapons to targets SO MSV'04 & AMCS'04, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Methods/International Conference on Algorithmic Mathematics and Computer Sciences CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV DE assignment problem; auction algorithm; infrastructure AB In this paper we describe core infrastructure and methodology that is implemental in software for assigning weapons into targets. The objective is to design the core infrastructure in such a way that it would support assigning any set of weapons and weapon types into any set of targets and target types. In addition, we propose an efficient methodology to accomplish this task. At the heart of this methodology lies well known in the literature auction algorithm. C1 USA, Armament R&D Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Bogdanowicz, Z (reprint author), USA, Armament R&D Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-34-3 PY 2004 BP 289 EP 295 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BBK59 UT WOS:000225884000043 ER PT S AU Werrlein, RJ Braue, CR AF Werrlein, RJ Braue, CR BE Periasamy, A TI Sulfur mustard disrupts human alpha(3)beta(1)-integrin receptors in concert with alpha(6)beta(4)-integrin receptors and collapse of the keratin K5/K14 cytoskeleton SO MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY IN THE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences IV CY JAN 25-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Bio-Rad Lab Inc, Carl Zeiss Inc, Chroma Technol Corp, Coherent Inc, Nikon Inc, Omega Opt Inc, Spectra-Phys Inc DE alpha(3)beta(1) integrins; sulfur mustard; blisters; human epidermal keratinocytes ID BULLOUS-PEMPHIGOID ANTIGEN; ALPHA-3-BETA-1 INTEGRIN; INTERMEDIATE-FILAMENTS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; FOCAL CONTACTS; BETA-1-INTEGRIN; ALPHA-3A-BETA-1; DISTINCT; DISEASE AB Sulfur mustard (SM; bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide) is a chemical warfare agent that produces persistent, incapacitating blisters of the skin. The lesions inducing vesication remain elusive, and there is no completely effective treatment. Using multiphoton microscopy and immunofluorescent staining, we found that exposing human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) and intact epidermis to SM (400 muM for 5 min) caused progressive collapse of the keratin (K5/K14) cyloskeleton and depletion Of alpha(6)beta(4) integrins.(1) We now report that SM causes concomitant disruption and collapse of the basal cell's alpha(3)beta(1)-integrin receptors. At 1 h postexposure, images of Alexa488-conjugated HEK/alpha(3)beta(1) integrins showed almost complete withdrawal and disappearance of retraction fibers and a progressive loss of polarized mobility. With stereo imaging, in vitro expression of this SM effect was characterized by collapse and abutment of adjacent cell membranes. At 2 h postexposure, there was an average 13% dorso-ventral collapse of HEK membranes that paralleled progressive collapse of the K5/K14 cytoskeleton. alpha(3)beta(1) integrin, like alpha(6)beta(4) integrin, is a regulator of cytoskeletal assembly, a receptor for laminin 5 and a mediator of HEK attachment to the basement membrane. Our images indicate that SM disrupts these receptors. We suggest that the progressive disruption destabilizes and potentiates blistering of the epidermal-dermal junction. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Werrlein, RJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5231-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5323 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1117/12.525179 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BAN20 UT WOS:000222940200033 ER PT S AU Kimball, B Carlson, JB Steeves, D Kempa, K Ren, ZF Wu, PF Kempa, T Benham, G Wang, Y Li, WZ Herczynski, A Rybczynski, J Rao, DVGLN AF Kimball, B Carlson, JB Steeves, D Kempa, K Ren, ZF Wu, PF Kempa, T Benham, G Wang, Y Li, WZ Herczynski, A Rybczynski, J Rao, DVGLN BE Dobisz, EA Eldada, LA TI Diffraction effects in honeycomb arrays of multiwalled carbon nanotubes SO NANOENGINEERING: FABRICATION, PROPERTIES, OPTICS, AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoengineering CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE carbon nanotubes; periodic arrays; diffraction efficiency; polarization effects; self-assembly; nanosphere lithography ID PERIODIC ARRAYS AB Carbon nanotubes were grown on silicon and quartz substrates in a honeycomb configuration using self-assembly nanosphere lithography and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition methods. Photonic nanoarrays were fabricated with varying spacing and carbon nanotube height. Both periodic and nonperiodic arrays were produced and evaluated. Optical properties of the arrays were studied and related to array geometry. Three dimensional diffraction maps were created that reveal the manner in which the nanoarrays interact with visible light. The unique optical properties of the arrays combined with the excellent mechanical and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes indicates that these materials may find many uses in the field of optoelectronics. C1 USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kimball, B (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5453-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5515 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1117/12.559752 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BBC24 UT WOS:000224725700025 ER PT S AU Wickenden, AE Alexander, TA AF Wickenden, AE Alexander, TA BE Lai, WYC Pau, S Lopez, OD TI Controlled nanoparticle arrays for transparent SERS/optical trapping substrates SO NANOFABRICATION: TECHNOLOGIES, DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nanofabrication CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, New Jersey Nanotechnol Consortium, JEOL, Quantachrome Instruments, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc DE nanofabrication; electron beam lithography; Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering; SERS; optical tweezer ID ENHANCED-RAMAN-SCATTERING AB Electron beam lithography has been used to demonstrate square and. hexagonal close packed two-dimensional arrays of gold particles formed on transparent substrates for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectroscopic analysis of optically trapped single spore biological agents. Thin chromium or titanium films have been demonstrated to provide a sufficiently reflective surface to enable the controllable patterning of features as small as 30nm, or interparticle spacings as small as 50nm, while retaining transmission in the visible to infrared spectral region. These substrates have been successfully used in a SERS/optical tweezer configuration, in which polystyrene particles and pyridine molecules in aqueous solution have been trapped, and their SERS-active spectra demonstrated. The technique described in this work for nanoscale features patterned on transparent substrates holds promise for inexpensive, nanotechnology-enabled chemical/biological sensor applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,RL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,RL, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5545-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5592 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.572453 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBR38 UT WOS:000227355700007 ER PT S AU Kosinski, JA AF Kosinski, JA BE Lai, WYC Pau, S Lopez, OD TI Nanotechnology evolution in piezoelectric resonator sensors SO NANOFABRICATION: TECHNOLOGIES, DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nanofabrication CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, New Jersey Nanotechnol Consortium, JEOL, Quantachrome Instruments, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc DE sensor; piezoelectric resonator ID COUPLED THICKNESS SHEAR; OVERTONES; FILMS; TWIST AB This paper surveys the ongoing evolution of piezoelectric resonator sensors from the micro-technology to the nanotechnology regime. Topics covered include fundamental principles of operation, phenomena used for sensing, types of devices and design considerations, material systems, and fabrication. Particular attention is given to the use of piezoelectric resonators in passive wireless RF sensors. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Kosinski, JA (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5545-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5592 BP 282 EP 295 DI 10.1117/12.580329 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBR38 UT WOS:000227355700030 ER PT S AU Mackie, DM Zhou, WM Taysing-Lara, M Dang, G AF Mackie, DM Zhou, WM Taysing-Lara, M Dang, G BE Lai, WYC Pau, S Lopez, OD TI Fabrication-limited design of a reconfigurable PBG MEMS waveguide device SO NANOFABRICATION: TECHNOLOGIES, DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nanofabrication CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, New Jersey Nanotechnol Consortium, JEOL, Quantachrome Instruments, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc DE photonic bandgap; photonic crystal; MEMS; switch; modulator; delay line; integrated optics; photonic integrated circuit; optoelectronic AB We report on our design and fabrication of a semiconductor based photonic bandgap nano-membrane device with MEMS features. This device could be used as a basic building block for a reconfigurable optoelectronic integrated circuit that can be reprogrammed for many different functionalities. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mackie, DM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5545-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5592 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1117/12.571430 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBR38 UT WOS:000227355700034 ER PT J AU Panchal, RG Hermone, AR Nguyen, TL Wong, TY Schwarzenbacher, R Schmidt, J Lane, D McGrath, C Turk, BE Burnett, J Aman, MJ Little, S Sausville, EA Zaharevitz, DW Cantley, LC Liddington, RC Gussio, R Bavari, S AF Panchal, RG Hermone, AR Nguyen, TL Wong, TY Schwarzenbacher, R Schmidt, J Lane, D McGrath, C Turk, BE Burnett, J Aman, MJ Little, S Sausville, EA Zaharevitz, DW Cantley, LC Liddington, RC Gussio, R Bavari, S TI Identification of small molecule inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXIN PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; ELECTRON-DENSITY; RECEPTOR; CLEAVES; KINASE; FURIN AB The virulent spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis secretes anthrax toxin composed of protective antigen (PA), lethal factor(LF) and edema factor (EF). LF is a Zn-dependent metalloprotease that inactivates key signaling molecules, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKK), to ultimately cause cell death. We report here the identification of small molecule (nonpeptidic) inhibitors of LF. Using a two-stage screening assay, we determined the LF inhibitory properties of 19 compounds. Here, we describe six inhibitors on the basis of a pharmacophoric relationship determined using X-ray crystallographic data, molecular docking studies and three-dimensional (3D) database mining from the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) chemical repository. Three of these compounds have K-i values in the 0.5-5 muM range and show competitive inhibition. These molecular scaffolds may be used to develop therapeutically viable inhibitors of LF. C1 NCI Frederick, Dev Therapeut Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Burnham Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Harvard Inst Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Signal Transduct, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Panchal, RG (reprint author), NCI Frederick, Dev Therapeut Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM panchal@dtpax2.ncifcrf.gov; bavaris@ncifcrf.gov RI Cantley, Lewis/D-1800-2014 OI Cantley, Lewis/0000-0002-1298-7653 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM056203] NR 25 TC 111 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 11 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1038/nsmb711 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 802DJ UT WOS:000220143900015 PM 14718925 ER PT J AU Papanicolaou, DA Amsterdam, JD Levine, S McCann, SM Moore, RC Newbrand, CH Allen, G Nisenbaum, R Pfaff, D Tsokos, GC Vgontzas, AN Kalesj, A AF Papanicolaou, DA Amsterdam, JD Levine, S McCann, SM Moore, RC Newbrand, CH Allen, G Nisenbaum, R Pfaff, D Tsokos, GC Vgontzas, AN Kalesj, A TI Neuroendocrine aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome SO NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION LA English DT Review DE chronic fatigue syndrome; neuroendocrine system; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; cortisol; autonomic nervous system; immune system AB Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a serious health concern affecting over 800,000 Americans of all ages, races, socioeconomic groups and genders. The etiology and pathophysiology of CFS are unknown, yet studies have suggested an involvement of the neuroendocrine system. A symposium was organized in March 2001 to explore the possibility of an association between neuroendocrine dysfunction and CFS, with special emphasis on the interactions between neuroendocrine dysfunction and other abnormalities noted in the immune and autonomic nervous systems of individuals with CFS. This paper represents the consensus of the panel of experts who participated in this meeting. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Med Endocrinol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Depress Res Unit, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Rockefeller Univ, Dept Neuroendocrinol, Neurobiol & Behav Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Sleep Disorder Med, Hershey, PA USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Psychiat, Hershey, PA USA. RP Papanicolaou, DA (reprint author), CFIDS Assoc Amer Inc, POB 220398, Charlotte, NC 28222 USA. NR 3 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1021-7401 J9 NEUROIMMUNOMODULAT JI Neuroimmunomodulation PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1159/000075315 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Immunology; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 769PF UT WOS:000188658400001 PM 14758052 ER PT J AU Richardson, RD Engel, CC AF Richardson, RD Engel, CC TI Evaluation and management of medically unexplained physical symptoms SO NEUROLOGIST LA English DT Article DE review; somatization; fibrorryalgia; chronic fatigue syndrome ID CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE; PRIMARY-CARE; SOMATIZATION DISORDER; PSYCHIATRIC-ILLNESS; LIFE EVENTS; NEUROLOGY OUTPATIENT; CHRONIC PAIN; BACK-PAIN; PATIENT AB Background: Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) and related syndromes are common in medical care and the general population, are associated with extensive morbidity, and have a large impact on functioning. Much of medical practice emphasizes specific pharmacological and surgical intervention for discrete disease states. Medical science, with its emphasis on identifying etiologically meaningful diseases comprised of homogeneous groups of patients, has split MUPS into a number of diagnostic entities or syndromes, each with its own hypothesized pathogenesis. However, research suggests these syndromes may be more similar than different, sharing extensive phenomenological overlap and similar risk factors, treatments, associated morbidities, and prognoses. Examples of syndromes consisting of MUPS include chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, multiple chemical sensitivities, somatoform disorders, and 'Gulf War Syndrome.' Review Summary: This paper is a narrative review of the increasing body of evidence suggesting that MUPS and related syndromes are common, disabling, and costly. It emphasizes that MUPS occur along a continuum of symptom count, severity, and duration and may be divided into acute, subacute (or recurrent), and chronic types. Predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors influence the natural history of MUPS. Conclusion: Effective symptom management involves collaborative doctor-patient approaches for identification of problems based on a combination of medical importance and patient readiness to initiate behavioral change, negotiated treatment goals and outcomes, gradual physical activation and exercise prescription. Additionally, efforts should be made to teach and support active rather than passive coping with the symptoms. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. VA Puget Sound Healthcare Syst, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Engel, CC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM cengel@usuhs.mil NR 76 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1074-7931 J9 NEUROLOGIST JI Neurologist PD JAN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1 BP 18 EP 30 DI 10.1097/01.nrl.0000106921.76055.24 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 768GE UT WOS:000188534600003 PM 14720312 ER PT J AU Weber, AM Buchsbaum, GM Chen, B Clark, AL Damaser, MS Daneshgari, F Davis, G DeLancey, J Kenton, K Weidner, AC Word, RA AF Weber, AM Buchsbaum, GM Chen, B Clark, AL Damaser, MS Daneshgari, F Davis, G DeLancey, J Kenton, K Weidner, AC Word, RA TI Basic science and translational research in female pelvic floor disorders: Proceedings of an NIH-sponsored meeting SO NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS LA English DT Review DE fecal incontinence; laboratory research; pelvic organ prolapse; urinary incontinence ID LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE; SIMULATED BIRTH TRAUMA; SPHINCTER MECHANISM INCOMPETENCE; URINARY-INCONTINENCE PREVALENCE; GENUINE STRESS-INCONTINENCE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE IMAGES; REGULATORY FACTOR GENES; ANTERIOR VAGINAL WALL; PUDENDAL NERVE CRUSH; ORGAN PROLAPSE AB Aims: To report the findings of a multidisciplinary group of scientists focusing on issues in basic science and translational research related to female pelvic floor disorders, and to produce recommendations for a research agenda for investigators studying female pelvic floor disorders. Methods: A National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored meeting was held on November 14-15, 2002, bringing together scientists in diverse fields including obstetrics, gynecology, urogynecology, urology, gastroenterology, biomechanical engineering, neuroscience, endocrinology, and molecular biology. Recent and ongoing studies were presented and discussed, key gaps in knowledge were identified, and recommendations were made for research that would have the highest impact in making advances in the field of female pelvic floor disorders. Results: The meeting included presentations and discussion on the use of animal models to better understand physiology and pathophysiology; neuromuscular injury (such as at childbirth) as a possible pathogenetic factor and mechanisms for recovery of function after injury; the use of biomechanical concepts and imaging to better understand the relationship between structure and function; and molecular and biochemical mechanisms that may underlie the development of female pelvic floor disorders. Conclusions: While the findings of current research will help elucidate the pathophysiologic pathways leading to the development of female pelvic floor disorders, much more research is needed for full understanding that will result in better care for patients through specific rather than empiric therapy, and lead to the potential for prevention on primary and secondary levels. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NICHHD, Populat Res Ctr, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Edward Hines Jr Vet Adm Hosp, Hines, IL 60141 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Urol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ Texas SW, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Dallas, TX USA. RP Weber, AM (reprint author), Magee Womens Hosp, 300 Halket St, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. EM aweber@magee.edu NR 114 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0733-2467 J9 NEUROUROL URODYNAM JI Neurourol. Urodyn. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 288 EP 301 DI 10.1002/nau.20048 PG 14 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 835KG UT WOS:000222481100002 PM 15227643 ER PT J AU Pushkarev, A Resio, D Zakharov, V AF Pushkarev, A Resio, D Zakharov, V TI Second generation diffusion model of interacting gravity waves on the surface of deep fluid SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM AB We propose a second generation phenomenological model for nonlinear interaction of gravity waves on the surface of deep water. This model takes into account the effects of non-locality of the original Hasselmann diffusion equation still preserving important properties of the first generation model: physically consistent scaling, adherence to conservation laws and the existence of Kolmogorov-Zakharov solutions. Numerical comparison of both models with the original Hasselmann equation shows that the second generation models improves the angular distribution in the evolving wave energy spectrum. C1 Waves & Solut LLC, Phoenix, AZ 85045 USA. USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Pushkarev, A (reprint author), Waves & Solut LLC, 918 W Windsong Dr, Phoenix, AZ 85045 USA. EM andrei@cox.net RI Pushkarev, Andrei/I-8290-2016; OI Pushkarev, Andrei/0000-0001-9310-5888; zakharov, vladimir/0000-0001-8855-7185 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2004 VL 11 IS 3 BP 329 EP 342 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 866VP UT WOS:000224801800006 ER PT J AU Liston, GE Sturm, M AF Liston, GE Sturm, M TI The role of winter sublimation in the Arctic moisture budget SO NORDIC HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Northern Research Basins Symposium and Workshop CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Stromfjord, GREENLAND DE precipitation under-catch; snow-drift; snow water equivalents; sublimation ID BLOWING-SNOW MODEL; KUPARUK RIVER-BASIN; SURFACE HEAT-BUDGET; TRANSPORT MODEL; COMPLEX TERRAIN; LOCAL ADVECTION; MASS-BALANCE; TUNDRA SNOW; SEA-ICE; ALASKA AB In the Arctic, the simplest way to describe the winter surface moisture budget (in the absence of any net horizontal transport) is: snow-water-equivalent depth on the ground (D) equals precipitation (P) minus sublimation (S). D, P and S are the most fundamental components of the winter arctic hydrologic cycle and understanding them is essential to understanding arctic moisture-related processes. Unfortunately, accurate solid-precipitation (P) measurements have proven nearly impossible to achieve in the Arctic, because precipitation generally falls when it is windy. Gauge undercatch can range from 55 - 75% depending on the gauge type and wind conditions. The state of knowledge for winter sublimation (S) is even more limited. There are few actual measurements and most studies have used physical models to estimate this quantity. Moreover, fundamental questions concerning the boundary-layer physics of arctic winter sublimation remain unanswered. Resolving these is essential to closing local, regional, and pan-Arctic moisture budgets because some studies indicate sublimation may be as much as 50% of the total winter precipitation and 35% of the annual precipitation. This paper summarizes and analyzes the existing literature describing arctic sublimation. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Liston, GE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM liston@atmos.colostate.edu NR 74 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 11 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0029-1277 J9 NORD HYDROL JI Nord. Hydrol. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 4-5 BP 325 EP 334 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 885OP UT WOS:000226167100005 ER PT J AU Bathalon, GP McGraw, SM Friedl, KE Young, AJ AF Bathalon, GP McGraw, SM Friedl, KE Young, AJ TI BMI and obesity in the US Army SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Obesity CY OCT 11-15, 2003 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP N Amer Assoc Study Obes C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 12 IS 1 BP 172 EP 172 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 768GU UT WOS:000188535900031 ER PT J AU Loh, Y Watson, WD Verma, A Chang, ST Stocker, DJ Labutta, RJ AF Loh, Y Watson, WD Verma, A Chang, ST Stocker, DJ Labutta, RJ TI Acute Wernicke's encephalopathy following bariatric surgery: Clinical course and MRI correlation SO OBESITY SURGERY LA English DT Article DE morbid obesity; bariatric surgery; Wernicke's encephalopathy; thiamine; hyperemesis; vitamin; malnutrition ID MORBID-OBESITY; KORSAKOFF-SYNDROME AB Postoperative complications and nutritional deficits resulting from bariatric surgery can lead to severe vitamin-deficiency states, such as Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE). Patients with acute WE generally present with the classic clinical triad of inattentiveness, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. We describe a patient who presented with acute WE at 2 months after laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Initial MRI of the brain demonstrated the characteristic injuries of WE, and repeat imaging showed resolution after 4 months of thiamine supplementation, at which time the patient had normal gait but persistent memory deficits. Even with early recognition and aggressive therapy, acute WE commonly results in permanent disability due to the irreversible cytotoxic effects on specific regions of the brain. Since the clinical onset of acute WE follows a predictable time-course in post-bariatric surgery patients with malnutrition, we recommend prevention by administration of parenteral thiamine beginning at 6 weeks postoperatively in malnourished patients. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Loh, Y (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Yince.loh@na.amedd.army.mil NR 14 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU F D-COMMUNICATIONS INC PI TORONTO PA 3100 BAYVIEW AVE, UNIT 4, TORONTO, ONTARIO M2N 5L3, CANADA SN 0960-8923 J9 OBES SURG JI Obes. Surg. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 129 EP 132 DI 10.1381/096089204772787437 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 767QC UT WOS:000188463100027 PM 14980048 ER PT J AU Day, JW Ko, JY Rybczyk, J Sabins, D Bean, R Berthelot, G Brantley, C Cardoch, L Conner, W Day, JN Englande, AJ Feagley, S Hyfield, E Lane, R Lindsey, J Mistich, J Reyes, E Twilley, R AF Day, JW Ko, JY Rybczyk, J Sabins, D Bean, R Berthelot, G Brantley, C Cardoch, L Conner, W Day, JN Englande, AJ Feagley, S Hyfield, E Lane, R Lindsey, J Mistich, J Reyes, E Twilley, R TI The use of wetlands in the Mississippi Delta for wastewater assimilation: a review SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review ID FORESTED WETLAND; LOUISIANA; ACCRETION; QUALITY; MARSH; SEDIMENT; EFFLUENT; DIEBACK; SYSTEMS; RATES AB The use of wetlands for treatment of wastewaters has a number of important ecological and economic benefits. Adding nutrient rich treated wastewater effluent to selected coastal wetlands results in the following benefits: (1) improved effluent water quality; (2) increased accretion rates to help offset subsidence: (3) increased productivity of vegetation; and (4) financial and energy savings of capital not invested in conventional tertiary treatment systems. We present as case studies results from several wetlands that are receiving secondarily treated wastewater in coastal Louisiana. At one site where sedimentation accumulation was measured, rates of accretion increased significantly after wastewater application began in the treatment site (from 7.8 to 11.4 mm yr(-1)) and approached the estimated rate of regional relative sea level rise (RSLR) (12.0 mm yr(-1)). No corresponding increase was observed in an adjacent control site. This suggests that the application of nutrient-rich wastewater can help coastal wetlands survive sea level rise. In the same site, surface water nutrient reduction, from the effluent inflow to outflow (1600m), ranged from 100% for nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) to 66% for total phosphorus (P). At a second site, a forested wetland that has been receiving wastewater effluent for 50 years, N and P were both reduced by more than 90%. Nutrient reduction is due to three main pathways: burial, denitrification and plant uptake. Dendrochronological analysis at the second site revealed that stem growth increased significantly in the treatment site after wastewater applications began, and was significantly greater than an adjacent control site. Similar increases in productivity have been measured in a number of wetland treatment sites. Economic analyses comparing conventional and wetland systems indicate savings range from $500,000 to $2.6 million. In addition there are substantial energy savings. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. Louisiana Dept Environm Qual, Baton Rouge, LA USA. USA, Corps Engineers, New Orleans Dist, New Orleans, LA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Clemson Univ, Georgetown, SC USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Dept Publ Works, Mandeville, LA USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Day, JW (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM johnday@lsu.edu RI Reyes, Enrique/G-3561-2010 OI Reyes, Enrique/0000-0002-7486-1474 NR 60 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PY 2004 VL 47 IS 11-12 BP 671 EP 691 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2004.12.007 PG 21 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 906DV UT WOS:000227621600007 ER PT J AU Ding, X Cloud, GL Raju, BB AF Ding, X Cloud, GL Raju, BB TI Improved max-min scanning method for phase determination SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE phase shifting algorithm; interferometry; digital speckle pattern interferometry ID SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; ALGORITHM AB We present an improved signal processing algorithm for the max-min scanning method for phase determination in speckle and other interferometric techniques. After recording the intensity changes at one point on the image for a range of arbitrary phase shifts, curve fitting is employed to obtain the intensity waveform corresponding to this position. The phase value is derived from this curve, and the sign of the computed phase angle is determined using the derivative of the fitting curve. The phase map is obtained by performing the same procedure throughout the entire image. This improved algorithm requires neither sorting the recorded image signals nor additional sign images. Experimental examples are provided. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USA, Tank Automot Command, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Ding, X (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM dingxu@egr.msu.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 43 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1117/11625949 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 776FV UT WOS:000189106700010 ER PT S AU Richard, S Sims, F Mahalanobis, A AF Richard, S Sims, F Mahalanobis, A BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Performance evaluation of quadratic correlation filters for target detection and discrimination in infrared imagery SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recongnition XV CY APR 15-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID RECOGNITION AB The detection and discrimination of targets in infrared imagery has been a challenging problem due to the variability of the target and clutter (background) signatures. In this paper we discuss the application of a novel quadratic filtering method using missile seeker infrared closing sequences. Image filtering techniques are well suited for target detection applications since they avoid the disadvantages of typical pixel-based detection schemes (such as segmentation and edge extraction). Another advantage is that the throughput complexity of the filtering approach, in the detection process, also does not vary with scene content. The performance of the proposed approach is assessed on several data sets, and the results are compared with that of previous linear filtering techniques. Since we can obtain the signature of some of the clutter "in-the-field" or during operation, we examine the impact of updating the filters to adapt to the clutter. C1 USA, RD&E Command, Aviat & Missile RDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Richard, S (reprint author), USA, RD&E Command, Aviat & Missile RDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5360-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5437 BP 95 EP 108 DI 10.1117/12.548067 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAI04 UT WOS:000222349200010 ER PT S AU Kirsch, JC Jones, BK AF Kirsch, JC Jones, BK BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Dual LCD-based flat panel display SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recongnition XV CY APR 15-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE stereoscopic display; LCD; 3D; polarization encoding; flat panel AB Stereo imagery has been a goal in optics research since the invention of the stereoscope in 1834. While the market has been inundated with displays of various types, sizes, and formats, no general purpose, easy to use, inexpensive method for the display of imagery in stereo has been developed. The benefits of stereo vision are numerous and quickly become apparent when attempting to perform simple tasks without the aid of stereo cues. The proliferation of remotely operated vehicles and indirect view applications has resulted in an increased need to see the operational environment in stereo. Numerous approaches to the display of stereo imagery have been demonstrated. Stereoscopic displays typically require the user to wear special headgear. Autostereoscopic displays, so named because they do not require the headgear, typically have tight limitations on the position of the viewer's head. Previous papers have described the theoretical underpinnings for new type of stereoscopic displayed based on dual liquid crystal displays. The new display provides a stereo view without temporal or spatial multiplexing. This paper will present the results from experiments to characterize the display components and the resulting changes in the encoding algorithm. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Kirsch, JC (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5360-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5437 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1117/12.544113 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAI04 UT WOS:000222349200021 ER PT S AU Wraback, M Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Shen, H AF Wraback, M Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Shen, H BE Carrano, JC Zukauskas, A TI Make light, not heat: toward higher efficiency nitride semiconductor ultraviolet optical sources SO OPTICALLY BASED BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL SENSING FOR DEFENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optically Based Biological and Chemical Sensing for Defence CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE femtosecond; luminescence downconversion; GaN; InAlGaN; AIN; multiple quantum well; carrier localization; carrier lifetime; compositional fluctuations; polarization; non-polar; radiative efficiency; nonradiative; recombination ID LATERAL EPITAXIAL OVERGROWTH; ALGAN/GAN QUANTUM-WELLS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; EMITTING-DIODES; CARRIER DYNAMICS; AL(X)GA1-XN ALLOYS; LASER-DIODES; GAN; EMISSION; LUMINESCENCE AB We have used subpicosecond time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) downconversion techniques to study the interplay of carrier localization and radiative and nonradiative processes in the active regions of light emitting Ill-nitride semiconductor ultraviolet optical sources, with the goal of identifying potential approaches that will lead to higher radiative efficiency. Comparison of TRPL in (In)AlGaN multiple quantum well active regions indicate that for addition of only 0.01 In content the PL decay time in an InAlGaN MQW is more than double that in an AlGaN MQW designed to e nit at the same wavelength (360 nm), thus indicating the importance of indium for improvement of material quality, most likely through the suppression of point defects. This result is further underscored by TRPL data on 320 nm InAlGaNN MQW active regions, which exhibit longer PL lifetimes than expected for growth on GaN templates with dislocation densities in the mid-10(8) cm(-2) range. While the PL lifetimes in these InAlGaN MQWs improve for growth on lower dislocation density HVPE bulk GaN substrates, a similar phenomenon is not observed for deposition on nearly dislocation-free bulk AlN substrates, suggesting that defect generation in the MQWs associated with lattice mismatch or AlN surface preparation may play an important role. The pump intensity dependence of the time zero signal and the TRPL decays in the MQWs implies that internal electric field-induced recombination through the barriers and interface states plays an important role in the radiative efficiency of quantum well active regions for c-axis oriented materials and devices. The effect of these internal electric fields can be mitigated through the use of nonpolar MQWs. The combination of more intense time-integrated PL spectra and shorter PL lifetimes with decreasing well width in GaN/AlGaN MQWs grown on a-plane LEO GaN for low pump Intensity suggests that the radiative lifetime becomes shorter due to the accompanying increase in exciton binding energy and oscillator strength at smaller well width in these high quality samples. Finally, it is demonstrated that compositional fluctuations in AlGaN active regions grown by plasma-assisted MBE can be employed to create spatial localization that enhances the luminescence efficiency and PL lifetime (300-400 ps) despite high defect density (>10(10) cm(-2)) by inhibiting movement of carriers to nonradiative sites. Significant enhancement of this phenomenon has been obtained in a DH LED structure grown on a lower defect density (mid-10(9) cm(-2)) AlGaN template, with PL lifetime increased by nearly a factor of two, corresponding to a defect density in the mid-10(7) cm(-2) range, and only a 3.3 times drop in PL intensity when the temperature is raised from 12 K to room temperature, suggesting up to similar to30% internal quantum efficiency. C1 USA, JS Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), USA, JS Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5570-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5617 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.1117/12.561202 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBO70 UT WOS:000226748300021 ER PT J AU Brietzke, SE Mair, EA AF Brietzke, SE Mair, EA TI Injection snoreplasty: Investigation of alternative sclerotherapy agents SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM TETRADECYL SULFATE; VENOUS MALFORMATIONS; SCLEROSING AGENTS; HEMANGIOMAS; SOTRADECOL; NECK; HEAD AB OBJECTIVE: Palatal sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate ("injection snoreplasty") was recently introduced as a safe and effective treatment for primary snoring. However, multiple other sclerotherapy agents also have excellent safety records and documented efficacy in the head and neck. Widely available and inexpensive agents were evaluated as potential palatal sclerosing agents for the treatment of snoring. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A described canine palatal flutter model was used to evaluate the palatal stiffening efficacy of ethanol, doxycycline, and hypertonic saline in comparison to 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) and a negative control (normal saline). Based on the animal study results, a human pilot study with ethanol was performed with subjective and objective data. RESULTS: Ethanol was found to be equally effective as 3% STS in the canine model. Doxycycline was effective but less so, and hypertonic saline was comparatively ineffective. Palatal injection in human patients with 50% ethanol was found to produce equivalent subjective and objective snoring efficacy and equivalent pain and recovery time compared with 3% STS. However, there was a higher rate of transient palatal fistula with ethanol. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Injection snoreplasty with 50% ethanol is equally efficacious compared with 3% STS. There could be a higher fistula rate with the use of ethanol, although this complication has been self-limited and transient in every case. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Wilford Hall,2200 Berguist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM eric.mair@lackland.af.mil NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 130 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.08.004 PG 11 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 770AY UT WOS:000188702000005 PM 14726910 ER PT J AU Miller, FR Watson, D Boseley, M AF Miller, FR Watson, D Boseley, M TI The role of the Genial Bone Advancement Trephine system in conjunction with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in the multilevel management of obstructive sleep apnea SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Southern-Section-of-the-American-Laryngological-Rhinological-and-Otologi cal-Society CY JAN 09-11, 2003 CL NAPLES, FLORIDA SP SO Sect Amer Laryngolog Rhinolog Otolog Soc ID GENIOGLOSSUS ADVANCEMENT; EXPERIENCE; SUSPENSION; OSTEOTOMY; EFFICACY AB OBJECTIVES: The successful surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) requires surgical. procedures that address both retropalatal and retrolingual airway. obstruction. The Genial Bone Advancement Trephine (GBAT) system is a new, 1-step system that allows for isolation and advancement of the genioglossus muscle via a guided trephine system. The purpose of this. project was to describe our experience using the GBAT system to perform genioglossus advancement (GGA) in conjunction with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in the surgical management of OSA. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of 35 consec utive patients undergoing GGA using the GBAT system in conjunction with UPPP for the management of OSA during a 3-year period (1999 to 2002). RESULTS: Twenty-four patients had complete preoperative and postoperative polysomnographic data. A 70% reduction- in the Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) and Apnea Index (AI) in the preoperative versus postoperative PSG (RDI, 52.9 +/- 17.1 versus 15.9 +/- 7.5; AI, 20.1 +/- 6.7 versus. 6.1 +/- 4.5; P less than or equal to 0.0001). The lowest oxygen desaturation increased from 80% to 88% (P = 0.0002), and the posterior, airway increased from 7.9 to 12.6 mm (P < 0.0001). With a surgical cure defined as a greater than 50% reduction in the RDI and a final postoperative RDI of less than 20 events per hour, the true surgical cure rate was 67% (16 of 24 patients). CONCLUSIONS: The GBAT system performed in conjunction with UPPP can produce significant reductions in RDI and AI while improving the oxygen desaturation and enlarging the posterior airway space. The effective cure rates using the GBAT system are in agreement with previous reports in the literature using various GGA techniques. The GBAT may have some advantages in terms of simplicity and safety. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Pk Nicollett Clin, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, St Louis Pk, MN USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Miller, FR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Code 777,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM millerfr@uthscsa.edu NR 24 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 130 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.09.015 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 770AY UT WOS:000188702000008 PM 14726913 ER PT B AU Blair, JRS Manne, R AF Blair, JRS Manne, R BE Bader, DA Khokhar, AA TI Efficient generic multi-stage self-stabilizing algorithms for trees SO PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Systems CY SEP 15-17, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Int Soc Comp & Their Applicat DE self-stabilizing; algorithms; trees AB We define a general framework for developing efficient multi-stage self-stabilizing algorithms for trees. This is achieved by combining multiple self-stabilizing algorithms (stages) in such a way that the local stabilized values resulting from execution of one stage drive the predicates of subsequent stages. Independently each of our stages has a moves complexity of circle minus(n(2)). Contrary to what one might expect, the moves complexity of any self-stabilizing algorithm made up of k of our stages is significantly less than the expected multiplicative combined moves complexity of O(n(2k)), coming in at only O(n(k+1)). This provides an improvement of several orders of magnitude over a number of previously published self-stabilizing algorithms. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Blair, JRS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPUTER S & THEIR APPLICATIONS (ISCA) PI RALEIGH PA 8820 SIX FORKS ROAD, RALEIGH, NC 27615 USA BN 1-880843-52-8 PY 2004 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBF38 UT WOS:000225222200051 ER PT S AU Jacobs, E Driggers, RG Krapels, K De Lucia, FC Petkie, D AF Jacobs, E Driggers, RG Krapels, K De Lucia, FC Petkie, D BE Appleby, R Chamberlain, JM Krapels, KA TI Terahertz imaging performance model for concealed weapon identification SO PASSIVE MILLIMETRE-WAVE AND TERAHERTZ IMAGING AND TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimetre-Wave and Terahertz Imaging and Technology CY OCT 27-28, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE color; signal to noise; target acquisition; electro-optics performance modeling AB Terahertz imaging is becoming more viable for many applications due to advances in detector and emitter technologies. One of the applications for THz imaging is the detection and identification of concealed weapons (e.g., in airport security screening lines). The path described here provides an imaging performance model for the application of concealed weapon identification. The approach is the typical U.S. Army target acquisition model for sensor performance prediction coupled to the acquire methodology for weapon identification performance prediction. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC,Modeling & Simulat Div, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Jacobs, E (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC,Modeling & Simulat Div, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5572-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5619 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.579768 PG 10 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP27 UT WOS:000226861800010 ER PT S AU Greene, J Shahin, MY Alexander, DR AF Greene, J Shahin, MY Alexander, DR GP TRB TI Airfield pavement condition assessment SO PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT, MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND DATA STORAGE 2004 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 11-15, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, US Bur Transportat Stat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US FedTransit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res& Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB The current methodology used by the U.S. Air Force for assessing and rating airfield pavement condition is presented. Factors addressed in the ratings include the pavement-condition index (PCI), structural index, friction characteristics, and foreign-object damage (FOD) potential. The PCI is a score from 0 to 100 that is determined by a visual survey of pavement distress based on procedures in ASTM D 5340. The structural index is a ratio of the aircraft classification number (ACN) to pavement classification number (PCN). ACN represents the structural impact an aircraft will have on a pavement, and PCN represents the structural capability of the pavement to support aircraft. Friction characteristics are primarily determined for runways through the use of a variety of measuring equipment. The FOD index is used to indicate the potential for FOD problems generated by the pavement; it is determined on the basis of pavement distresses collected during the PCI survey. Also presented are procedures used in determining each of the above factors and the ways in which these factors are used collectively to determine the overall rating of airfield pavements. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Erdc, WES, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09484-4 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2004 IS 1889 BP 63 EP 70 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BBS98 UT WOS:000227657600008 ER PT B AU Henz, BJ Shires, DR AF Henz, BJ Shires, DR BE Arabnia, HR TI Coupling scientific applications within an object-oriented programming framework: Improving development time and software quality SO PDPTA '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE object-oriented programming; parallel processing; finite element method; resin transfer molding; software development ID SIMULATIONS AB Object-oriented languages and practices have long been regarded by computational scientists as inefficient or difficult to use in the. production of high-performance applications. We have shown that the benefits of using object-oriented practices far outweigh a possible small decrease in run-time performance. The Simple Parallel Object-Oriented Computing Environment for the Finite Element Method (SPOOCEFEM) developed at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory provides an object-oriented framework for the development of multidisciplinary computational tools. Using SPOOCEFEM, we have developed a Virtual Manufacturing Environment (VME) for the resin transfer molding process that brings together three unique parallel applications. This paper will discuss the benefits experienced during the parallelization and deployment of this VME using object-oriented design. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Henz, BJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-26-2 PY 2004 BP 1262 EP 1268 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBJ53 UT WOS:000225819600196 ER PT J AU Bothwell, DN Cable, BB Mair, EA AF Bothwell, DN Cable, BB Mair, EA TI Zinc pennies in the esophagus - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID FOREIGN-BODY; INGESTION C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pediat Otolaryngol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Pediat Otolaryngol Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Bothwell, DN (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pediat Otolaryngol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2004 VL 113 IS 1 BP 176 EP 177 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 762XX UT WOS:000188010600062 ER PT B AU Romano, JA King, JM AF Romano, JA King, JM BE Flora, SJS Romano, JA Baskin, SI Sekhar, K TI Psychological and neuropsychological sequelae of chemical terrorism SO PHARMACOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Conference of the Indian-Pharmacological-Society CY NOV 26-29, 2002 CL Gwalior, INDIA SP Indian Pharmacol Soc ID ATTACKS; SOMAN; SARIN C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Colonel Med Serv Corps, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Romano, JA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Colonel Med Serv Corps, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI NEW DELHI PA 22 DARYAGANJ, DELHI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RD, NEW DELHI 110 002, INDIA BN 81-7319-548-X PY 2004 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology GA BBH62 UT WOS:000225565100001 ER PT B AU Lukey, BJ Hurst, CG Gordon, RK Doctor, BP Clarkson, E Slife, HF AF Lukey, BJ Hurst, CG Gordon, RK Doctor, BP Clarkson, E Slife, HF BE Flora, SJS Romano, JA Baskin, SI Sekhar, K TI Six current or potential skin decontaminants for chemical warfare agent exposure - A literature review SO PHARMACOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Conference of the Indian-Pharmacological-Society CY NOV 26-29, 2002 CL Gwalior, INDIA SP Indian Pharmacol Soc ID GUINEA-PIG; DETOXIFICATION; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; HYPOCHLORITE C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Lukey, BJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI NEW DELHI PA 22 DARYAGANJ, DELHI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RD, NEW DELHI 110 002, INDIA BN 81-7319-548-X PY 2004 BP 13 EP 24 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology GA BBH62 UT WOS:000225565100002 ER PT B AU Gordon, RK Gunduz, AT Askins, LY Strating, SJ Doctor, BP Clarkson, ED Skvorak, JP Maxwell, DM Lukey, B Ross, M AF Gordon, RK Gunduz, AT Askins, LY Strating, SJ Doctor, BP Clarkson, ED Skvorak, JP Maxwell, DM Lukey, B Ross, M BE Flora, SJS Romano, JA Baskin, SI Sekhar, K TI Defection,, decontamination, and detoxification of chemical warfare agents using polyurethane enzyme sponges SO PHARMACOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Conference of the Indian-Pharmacological-Society CY NOV 26-29, 2002 CL Gwalior, INDIA SP Indian Pharmacol Soc ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; SOMAN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Dept Biochem Pharmacol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gordon, RK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Dept Biochem Pharmacol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI NEW DELHI PA 22 DARYAGANJ, DELHI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RD, NEW DELHI 110 002, INDIA BN 81-7319-548-X PY 2004 BP 41 EP 50 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology GA BBH62 UT WOS:000225565100004 ER PT B AU Doctor, BP Saxena, A AF Doctor, BP Saxena, A BE Flora, SJS Romano, JA Baskin, SI Sekhar, K TI In search of an ideal bloscavenger for organophosphate chemical warfare agent toxicity SO PHARMACOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Conference of the Indian-Pharmacological-Society CY NOV 26-29, 2002 CL Gwalior, INDIA SP Indian Pharmacol Soc ID ANHYDRIDE HYDROLASE ACTIVITY; HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; RHESUS-MONKEYS; HALF-LIFE; SERUM BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; CIRCULATORY RESIDENCE; PRETREATMENT DRUGS; NERVE AGENTS; SOMAN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Doctor, BP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI NEW DELHI PA 22 DARYAGANJ, DELHI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RD, NEW DELHI 110 002, INDIA BN 81-7319-548-X PY 2004 BP 51 EP 65 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology GA BBH62 UT WOS:000225565100005 ER PT B AU Cheng, TC Harvey, SR DeFrank, JJ Petrikovics, I Rastogi, VK AF Cheng, TC Harvey, SR DeFrank, JJ Petrikovics, I Rastogi, VK BE Flora, SJS Romano, JA Baskin, SI Sekhar, K TI Bacterial enzymes - Potential applications for personnel/casualty decontamination against G, V, and HD chemical agents SO PHARMACOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Conference of the Indian-Pharmacological-Society CY NOV 26-29, 2002 CL Gwalior, INDIA SP Indian Pharmacol Soc ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS ACID ANHYDROLASE; STERICALLY STABILIZED LIPOSOMES; HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; PURIFICATION; TOXICITY; PRETREATMENT; PROPHYLAXIS C1 USA, Biotechnol Team, ECBC, AMSRD,ECB RT BT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Rastogi, VK (reprint author), USA, Biotechnol Team, ECBC, AMSRD,ECB RT BT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI NEW DELHI PA 22 DARYAGANJ, DELHI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RD, NEW DELHI 110 002, INDIA BN 81-7319-548-X PY 2004 BP 87 EP 95 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology GA BBH62 UT WOS:000225565100007 ER PT B AU Reddy, G Major, MA Leach, GJ AF Reddy, G Major, MA Leach, GJ BE Flora, SJS Romano, JA Baskin, SI Sekhar, K TI Toxicity evaluation of thiodiglycol SO PHARMACOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Conference of the Indian-Pharmacological-Society CY NOV 26-29, 2002 CL Gwalior, INDIA SP Indian Pharmacol Soc ID ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; RAT C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Reddy, G (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI NEW DELHI PA 22 DARYAGANJ, DELHI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RD, NEW DELHI 110 002, INDIA BN 81-7319-548-X PY 2004 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology GA BBH62 UT WOS:000225565100008 ER PT B AU Baskin, SI Petrikovics, I Kurche, JS Nicholson, JD Logue, BA Maliner, BI Rockwood, GA AF Baskin, SI Petrikovics, I Kurche, JS Nicholson, JD Logue, BA Maliner, BI Rockwood, GA BE Flora, SJS Romano, JA Baskin, SI Sekhar, K TI Insights on cyanide toxicity and methods of treatment SO PHARMACOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Conference of the Indian-Pharmacological-Society CY NOV 26-29, 2002 CL Gwalior, INDIA SP Indian Pharmacol Soc ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; STERICALLY STABILIZED LIPOSOMES; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION; HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BLOOD CYANIDE; NITRIC-OXIDE; WHOLE-BLOOD; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Baskin, SI (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 168 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI NEW DELHI PA 22 DARYAGANJ, DELHI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RD, NEW DELHI 110 002, INDIA BN 81-7319-548-X PY 2004 BP 105 EP 146 PG 42 WC Chemistry, Applied; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology GA BBH62 UT WOS:000225565100009 ER PT B AU Adler, M Sheridan, RE Manley, HA Manley, A Apland, J Deshpande, SS Romano, J AF Adler, M Sheridan, RE Manley, HA Manley, A Apland, J Deshpande, SS Romano, J BE Flora, SJS Romano, JA Baskin, SI Sekhar, K TI Development of treatments for intoxication by botulinum neurotoxin SO PHARMACOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Conference of the Indian-Pharmacological-Society CY NOV 26-29, 2002 CL Gwalior, INDIA SP Indian Pharmacol Soc ID TOXIN TYPE-A; TETANUS TOXIN; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; NEUROMUSCULAR-JUNCTION; HEAVY-CHAIN; LIGHT-CHAIN; PHARMACOLOGICAL ANTAGONISTS; ACETYLCHOLINE-RELEASE; THERAPEUTIC AGENTS C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Adler, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 97 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI NEW DELHI PA 22 DARYAGANJ, DELHI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RD, NEW DELHI 110 002, INDIA BN 81-7319-548-X PY 2004 BP 359 EP 381 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Applied; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology GA BBH62 UT WOS:000225565100020 ER PT B AU Saxena, A Luo, C Bansal, R Sun, W Clark, MG Ashani, Y Doctor, BP AF Saxena, A Luo, C Bansal, R Sun, W Clark, MG Ashani, Y Doctor, BP BE Flora, SJS Romano, JA Baskin, SI Sekhar, K TI Human butyrylcholinesferase : A future generation antidote for protection against organophosphate agents SO PHARMACOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Conference of the Indian-Pharmacological-Society CY NOV 26-29, 2002 CL Gwalior, INDIA SP Indian Pharmacol Soc ID NERVE AGENTS; HALF-LIFE; TOXICITY; SOMAN; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; CHOLINESTERASE; PRETREATMENT; PURIFICATION; MONKEYS; RATS C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI NEW DELHI PA 22 DARYAGANJ, DELHI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RD, NEW DELHI 110 002, INDIA BN 81-7319-548-X PY 2004 BP 383 EP 394 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology GA BBH62 UT WOS:000225565100021 ER PT B AU Zoltani, C Baskin, SI Platoff, GE AF Zoltani, C Baskin, SI Platoff, GE BE Flora, SJS Romano, JA Baskin, SI Sekhar, K TI ECGs and metabolic networks: An in silico exploration of cyanide-caused cardiac toxicity SO PHARMACOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Conference of the Indian-Pharmacological-Society CY NOV 26-29, 2002 CL Gwalior, INDIA SP Indian Pharmacol Soc ID ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION; ENERGY-METABOLISM; ATP; RAT; MYOCYTES; CALCIUM; INHIBITION; CELL C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zoltani, C (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI NEW DELHI PA 22 DARYAGANJ, DELHI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RD, NEW DELHI 110 002, INDIA BN 81-7319-548-X PY 2004 BP 467 EP 478 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Toxicology GA BBH62 UT WOS:000225565100026 ER PT S AU Videen, G Muinonen, K AF Videen, G Muinonen, K BE Videen, G Yatskiv, Y Mishchenko, M TI Backscattering from particles near planar surfaces SO PHOTOPOLARIMETRY IN REMOTE SENSING SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Photopolarimetry in Remote Sensing CY SEP 20-OCT 04, 2003 CL Yalta, UKRAINE SP NATO, Adv Study Inst ID POLARIZED-LIGHT-SCATTERING; NEGATIVE POLARIZATION; OPPOSITION; INTERFACE; MATRIX AB The light scattered by a small particle near a planar interface may be expressed to high accuracy as the superposition of the contributions of four weighted rays. We provide experimental evidence that demonstrates the model may be used to predict polarization of scattered light from larger irregular particles near planar surfaces. This system is of interest because the two reciprocal-ray components, whose interference contributes to the narrow, asymmetric polarization opposition effect, do not decrease significantly relative to the other two ray components when the separation distance between the particle and the planar interface increases. As a result, we demonstrate that for this particular scattering system the wide, parabolically shaped negative polarization branch also is the result of the interference of these reciprocal rays. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Videen, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-2366-9 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2004 VL 161 BP 209 EP 220 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBD01 UT WOS:000224954200009 ER PT S AU Ruffin, PB Baeder, JS AF Ruffin, PB Baeder, JS BE Yu, FTS Guo, R Yin, S TI Micro-sensor coils for miniature Fiber Optic Gyroscopes SO PHOTOREFRACTIVE FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: MATERIALS, OPTICAL PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photorefractive Fiber and Crystal Devices - Materials, Optical Properties and Applications X CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE AB Depolarized Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (D-IFOGs) that are constructed with inexpensive single mode (SM) fiber have provided an opportunity for developers to meet Army emerging missions goals for affordable, small volume, reliable inertial guidance systems for use in small missiles, munitions. and future micro-umnanned autonomous vehicles. However. there remain several vital issues associated with substantially reducing the diameter of the sensor coil. Optical fiber that is precision-wound onto a micro coil experiences increased stress due to small radius bending. fiber distortions at crossover sites, and increased interlayer pressures as a result of multiple layers of fiber wound under tension. Tension and small radius bending stresses can have a detrimental effect on the performance of D-IFOGs. The first author's patented crossover-free winding technique eliminates fiber crossovers distortions. as well as interlayer pressures. It is obvious that this advanced winding method does not eliminate the inherent stress due to small radius bending. Therefore, other scenarios for the application of SM fiber to a microsensor coil must be considered. One scheme involves taking advantage of the bending-induced birefringence and employing the low cost SM fiber as a polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber. The mechanics of how a substantial reduction in the coil radius produces PM fiber properties in SM fiber is investigated under this research effort. Conventional and specialty SM fibers are characterized to identify optimal fibers for the development of microsensor coils. The results from extinction ratio measurements on the SM fibers and micro-sensor coils are presented in this paper. The significant cross coupling suggests that scattering centers are present in very small radius bending. Also. measurements show that optical loss is significant in micro IFOG coils. C1 USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, AMSRD, AMR,SG,SP, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Ruffin, PB (reprint author), USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, AMSRD, AMR,SG,SP, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5498-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5560 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1117/12.577653 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Optics SC Crystallography; Optics GA BBN56 UT WOS:000226283400024 ER PT J AU Zhao, W Lukic-Zrnic, R Gorman, BP Cottier, RL Golding, TD Littler, CL Dinan, JH Almeida, LA Dura, JA Lindstrom, RM Schaake, HF Liao, P AF Zhao, W Lukic-Zrnic, R Gorman, BP Cottier, RL Golding, TD Littler, CL Dinan, JH Almeida, LA Dura, JA Lindstrom, RM Schaake, HF Liao, P TI Magnetoconductivity tensor analysis of anomalous transport effects in neutron irradiated HgCdTe epilayers SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL UNIV BUFFALO, BUFFALO, NEW YORK HO UNIV BUFFALO DE HgCdTe; p-type doping; elemental transmutation; magnetoconductivity tensor analysis AB Hg1-xCdxTe(x similar to 0.22) samples grown by LPE on CdZnTe(111B)-oriented substrates were exposed to various doses of thermal neutrons (similar to 1.0 x 10(16) - 1.7 x 10(16) n/cm(2)) and subsequently annealed for similar to 24 h in Hg overpressure to remove damage and reduce the presence of Hg vacancies. Extensive magnetotransport measurements were performed on these samples as part of an investigation into the use of elemental transmutation for efficient p-type doping of this material. The data were analyzed using a multi-carrier approach which incorporates various scattering mechanisms and the presence of two conduction channels of differing alloy content to describe the changes in the transport properties due to neutron irradiation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. DRS Infrared Technol, Dallas, TX 75374 USA. RP Zhao, W (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM wz0007@unt.edu RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; Gorman, Brian/F-4999-2011 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Gorman, Brian/0000-0002-1837-564X NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 246 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2003.08.011 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 768VF UT WOS:000188555200012 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, JL Breznay, NP Bruno, JD Gomes, JM Pham, JT Towner, FJ Wortman, DE Tober, RL Monroy, CJ Olver, KA AF Bradshaw, JL Breznay, NP Bruno, JD Gomes, JM Pham, JT Towner, FJ Wortman, DE Tober, RL Monroy, CJ Olver, KA TI Recent progress in the development of type II interband cascade lasers SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL UNIV BUFFALO, BUFFALO, NEW YORK HO UNIV BUFFALO DE mid-infrared; semiconductor diode laser; interband cascade laser; type-II materials; quantum wells; heterostructures; antimonides AB Type-II interband cascade lasers combine the advantage of an interband optical transition with interband tunneling to enable the cascading of type-II quantum well active regions as is done in type-l quantum cascade laser. The relatively high radiative efficiency resulting from interband optical transitions translates into very low-threshold current densities, and when combined with the high quantum efficiency of cascade lasers, this diode laser design has the potential to operate under cw conditions at room temperature with high output power. Experimental results have already demonstrated some of this potential including high differential external quantum efficiency (> 600%), high peak output power (similar to6 W/facet at 80 K), high cw power conversion efficiency (> 17% at 80 K), and operation at 300 K under pulsed conditions. Recent work aimed at reducing device thermal resistance and increasing cw operating temperature is reviewed including the demonstration of significant reductions in thermal resistance (averaging 25 K/W or 40% for 1-mm-long devices), 80 K cw operation at 3.4 mum with high-power conversion efficiency (23%) and high differential external quantum efficiency (532%), and cw operation up to 214 K. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Technol Inc, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bruno, JD (reprint author), Max Technol Inc, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Ste 523, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM bruno@maxion.com RI Bradshaw, John/E-8330-2011 NR 10 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 479 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2003.08.063 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 768VF UT WOS:000188555200059 ER PT J AU Sutlive, TG Mitchell, SD Maxfield, SN McLean, CL Neumann, JC Swiecki, CR Hall, RC Bare, AC Flynn, TW AF Sutlive, TG Mitchell, SD Maxfield, SN McLean, CL Neumann, JC Swiecki, CR Hall, RC Bare, AC Flynn, TW TI Identification of individuals with patellofemoral pain whose symptoms improved after a combined program of foot orthosis use and modified activity: A preliminary investigation SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE knee pain; orthotics; patellofemoral; physical examination; rehabilitation ID ANTERIOR KNEE PAIN; METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; OVERUSE INJURIES; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; SHOE INSERTS; RELIABILITY; ORTHOTICS; REARFOOT AB Background and Purpose. In patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), the authors determined which aspects of the examination could be used to identify those patients most likely to respond to off-the-shelf foot orthoses and instruction in activity modification. Participants and Methods. Fifty participants were enrolled in the study, and data for 5 individuals were excluded from analysis. Thirty-four men and 11 women completed the study. Participants were given foot orthoses and instructed in activity modification for 3 weeks. A 50% reduction in pain was considered a success. Likelihood ratios (LRs) were computed to determine which examination findings were most predictive of success. Results. The best predictors of improvement were forefoot valgus alignment of greater than or equal to2 degrees (+LR=4.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.7-21.9), great toe extension of less than or equal to78 degrees (+LP=4.0, 95% CI=0.7-21.9), and navicular drop of less than or equal to3 min (+LR=2.4, 95% CI=1.3-4.3). Discussion and Conclusion. The results suggest that patients with PFPS who have forefoot valgus alignment of :2 degrees, passive great toe extension of :578 degrees, or navicular drop of :53 mm are most likely. to respond favorably to initial intervention with an off-the-shelf foot orthosis and instruction in activity modification. [Sutlive TG, Mitchell SD, Maxfield SN, et al. Identification of individuals with patellofemoral pain whose symptoms improved after a combined program of foot orthosis use and modified activity: a preliminary investigation]. C1 Fed Med Ctr Devens, Devens, MA USA. Fed Med Ctr Carswell, Ft Worth, TX USA. Combat Support Hosp 67th, Wurzburg, Germany. Ireland Army Community Hosp, Ft Knox, KY USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Sutlive, TG (reprint author), Fed Med Ctr Devens, Devens, MA USA. EM thomas.sutlive@cen.amedd.army.mil NR 59 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 84 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 PG 13 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 805XW UT WOS:000220400000005 PM 14992676 ER PT S AU Shen, H Aliberti, K Stann, B Newman, PG Mehandru, R Ren, F AF Shen, H Aliberti, K Stann, B Newman, PG Mehandru, R Ren, F BE Osinski, M Amano, H Henneberger, F TI Analysis of InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal OE mixers SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XII CY JAN 26-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USA Res Off DE optoelectronic mixers; InGaAs photodetectors; Schottky enhancement layers ID MSM PHOTODETECTOR; PERFORMANCE; ARRAY AB We analyze the optoelectronic mixing characteristics of InAlAs, Schottky-enhanced, InGaAs-based, metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors. For devices with Schottky-enhancement layers (SELs) of about 500 Angstrom, the measured frequency bandwidth is less than that of a corresponding photodetector. The mixing efficiency decreases with decrease in optical power, decreases with increase in local oscillator frequency and decreases with decrease in mixed signal frequency. We attribute this behavior to the band-gap discontinuity associated with the SEL. For devices with thinner SELs (approximate to 100 Angstrom), the mixing characteristics are greatly improved: the bandwidth of the optoelectronic mixer (OEM) is similar to that of a corresponding photodetector and the mixing efficiency decreases only slightly with decrease in optical power. We attribute these results to the enhancement of thermionic/tunneling current through the thinner SEL. We also present a circuit model of the Schottky-enhanced, InGaAs-based OEM to explain the experimental results. C1 US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shen, H (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5257-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5349 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1117/12.527487 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAJ84 UT WOS:000222604400024 ER PT S AU Tarrant, DW Couch, PK AF Tarrant, DW Couch, PK GP ieee TI Forward inertial sensor package for the compact kinetic energy missile SO PLANS 2004: POSITION LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & elect Syst Soc AB This paper provides an overview of the Forward ISP, an integral component of the US Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command's (RDECOM) in-house Compact Kinetic Energy Missile (CKEM) missile, which was first flight-tested in October 2001. The Forward Inertial Sensor Package (ISP) was introduced on the third flight test in May 2003, and complements an inertial sensor suite in the aft portion of the missile. This paper will focus on the forward sensor suite (the Forward ISP). In addition to providing inertial information to the CKEM's telemetry and flight computer systems, this unit performs two additional functions. First, it functions as an inertial component technology test bed. Secondly, it provides environmental shock and vibration information for the forward nosecone section that houses the wrap around Attitude Control System (ACS), present in Government and industry designs. The US Army's pursuit of a missile design parallel to that of industry allows for faster maturation of technology and faster transition of that technology to industry. Further, this sustains a highly technical work force critical to the rapid development and deployment of defense products to the US Army. C1 USA, RDECOM, AMSRD, AMR,SG,NC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Tarrant, DW (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, AMSRD, AMR,SG,NC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 0-7803-8416-4 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2004 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1109/PLANS.2004.1308971 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BAC54 UT WOS:000221540400006 ER PT S AU Carter, D Brown, A AF Carter, D Brown, A GP ieee TI Automated geolocation network for use in GPS-degraded environments SO PLANS 2004: POSITION LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & elect Syst Soc AB Geolocation in instances where the Global Positioning System (GPS) is degraded has become an important issue in today's world. Many military and commercial applications, including unmanned systems, require an accurate location on the earth to be determined, even inside buildings or complex urban environments. This paper presents a method of complementing GPS with a mobile ad-hoc network of nodes, each of which are capable of obtaining ranges to surrounding nodes. GPS is used where available, but this method takes over when GPS is degraded. In this approach, all nodes can potentially be used by surrounding nodes to calculate position. Algorithms are being developed to select the best nodes from those available and to perform the location calculation. Some important issues are addressed, including determining the number of nodes needed to perform accurate calculations given certain error situations and understanding the way error propagates between nodes. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, AMSRD, AMR,SG,CT, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Carter, D (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, AMSRD, AMR,SG,CT, Bldg 5400, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM danny.carterl@us.army.mil; aaron.brown4@us.army.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 0-7803-8416-4 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2004 BP 690 EP 697 DI 10.1109/PLANS.2004.1309061 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BAC54 UT WOS:000221540400095 ER PT J AU Welkos, SL Andrews, GP Lindler, LE Snellings, NJ Strachan, SD AF Welkos, SL Andrews, GP Lindler, LE Snellings, NJ Strachan, SD TI Mu dI1 (Ap lac) mutagenesis of Yersinia pestis plasmid pFra and identification of temperature-regulated loci associated with virulence SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE Yersinia pestis; plasmid; pFra; virulence; Mu mutagenesis ID PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; CAPSULAR ANTIGEN; PASTEURELLA-PESTIS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; MURINE TOXIN; F1 CAPSULE; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; CONSTRUCTION; EXPRESSION AB The F1 capsule of Yersinia pestis, encoded by the 100 kb plasmid pFra, is often assumed to be essential for full virulence of Y pestis. However, virulent strains of Y pestis that are F1(-) and either pFra(+) or pFra(-) have been reported. To assess the role of pFra-encoded factors in virulence, mutants in pFra with insertions of the defective transposing bacteriophage Mu dl(Ap lac) were obtained, by using the wild type (wt) and the pLcr-cured derivative of strain C092. Mutants that exhibited temperature regulation of lactose fermentation and retarded electrophoretic mobility of pFra were selected. A total of 15 insertion mutants were isolated in the wt strain (12 of which had a single insertion in the genome, in pFra); and 24 mutants in the isogenic pLcr(-) derivative. Four of the pLcr(+) mutants, and none of the pLcr(-) mutants, were Fl(-). All Fl- mutants were decreased in virulence for mice compared to the wt parent; and five of the Fl(+) mutants also were significantly attenuated in mice. Fusion end-joints of insert DNA were cloned into Escherichia coli by using pMLB524, a vector for rescuing operon fusions of lacZ. Recombinants were obtained which contained pFra inserts ranging from <2 kb to approximately 36 kb, and the insertions occurred at several sites on pFra. All of the four F1(-) mutants tested mapped within the F I capsule operon (cafl). The remaining five attenuated mutants sequenced were F1(+) and mapped outside of but near the operon. Sequencing and complete analysis of the pFra insertions mutants could facilitate identification of new potential virulence factors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Welkos, SL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, 1425 Porter St,Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM susan.welkos@DET.AMEDD.army.mil NR 41 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD JAN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.plasmid.2003.09.003 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 765TC UT WOS:000188298700001 PM 14711524 ER PT B AU Levine, J Grizzard, J Owen, H AF Levine, J Grizzard, J Owen, H GP ieee TI Application of a methodology to characterize rootkits retrieved from honeynets SO PROCEEDINGS FROM THE FIFTH IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 10-11, 2004 CL US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY SP Natl Secur Agcy, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci DE forensics; Honeynet; rootkits; signatures AB Techniques and methods currently exist to detect if a certain type of rootkit has exploited a computer systems. However, these current techniques and methods can only indicate that a system has been exploited by a rootkit. We are currently developing a methodology to indicate if a rootkit is previously known or if it is a modified or entirely new rootkit. We present in this paper an application of our methodology against a previously unseen rootkit that was collected from the Georgia Tech Honeynet. We conduct our analysis process against this rootkit and are able to identify specific characteristics for subsequent detections of this rootkit. This ability will provide system administrators, researchers, and security personnel with the information necessary in order to take the best possible recovery actions. This may also help to detect and fingerprint additional instances and prevent further security instances involving rootkits. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Levine, J (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8572-1 PY 2004 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1109/IAW.2004.1437792 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBM49 UT WOS:000226197500003 ER PT B AU Widby, JB Del Rio, RD Fulton, DO Dunn, CC AF Widby, JB Del Rio, RD Fulton, DO Dunn, CC GP ieee TI Evolution of in-line network encryptors toward the high assurance Internet protocol interoperability specifications (HAIPIS) SO PROCEEDINGS FROM THE FIFTH IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 10-11, 2004 CL US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY SP Natl Secur Agcy, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci AB The National Security Agency (NSA) has established new High Assurance Internet Protocol Interoperability Specifications (HAIPIS) that requires different vendor's In-line Network Encryption (INE) devices to be interoperable at a higher level of intelligence. The end result will force the standardization of different encryption algorithms produced by different vendors. The U.S. Army Battle Command Battle Laboratory Gordon (BCBL(G)) has been entrusted with the responsibility of ensuring that new INEs meet HAIPIS as well as function within the Army's doctrinal concepts and deployment strategies. The BCBL(G) is one of the Army's premier facilities for operational assessments and operational experimentation for new INE devices. The BCBL(G) applies a unique blend of engineers, scientists and analysts to demonstrate, validate and verify INE hardware and software functions. The BCBL(G) provides the ability to rapidly evaluate vendor proposed telecommunication technologies that must be immediately leveraged to the Warfighter in order to maintain information security and tactical information superiority. The history of Army INE development is rich with lessons to be learned The future of Army INE development is full of new challenges. This paper documents some of the lessons learned and outlines new challenges. C1 USA, Battle Command Battle Lab, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Widby, JB (reprint author), USA, Battle Command Battle Lab, Gordon Bldg 71600,16th St, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8572-1 PY 2004 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1109/IAW.2004.1437813 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBM49 UT WOS:000226197500024 ER PT B AU West, BJ AF West, BJ BE Ladde, GS Medhin, NG Sambandham, M TI The least vulnerable, the most successful and other such extremes SO PROCEEDINGS OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dynamic Systems and Applications CY MAY 21-24, 2003 CL Moorehouse Coll, Atlanta, GA SP Int Federat Nonlinear Analysts, Dept Math, Moorehouse Coll, Clark Atlanta Univ, Ctr Theoret Studies Phys Syst HO Moorehouse Coll ID 1ST AB We investigate the relation between the underlying dynamics of a randomly evolving system and the extrema statistics of such systems. Failure modes, as an exemplar of extreme properties, are considered in independent processes, Fokker-Planck processes and Levy stable processes. Using the diffusional entropy to replace the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy in the survival probability of a dynamical system, we construct the relation between weak dynamical chaos and the ubiquitous inverse power-law distribution for the survival probability. C1 US Army Res Off, Math Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP US Army Res Off, Math Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DYNAMIC PUBLISHERS PI ATLANTA PA PO BOX 48654, ATLANTA, GA 30362 USA BN 1-890888-00-1 PY 2004 BP 95 EP 101 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BBX76 UT WOS:000228293100015 ER PT B AU Edelstein, D Edwards, D AF Edelstein, D Edwards, D GP ieee BE Memon, AM TI Component-based design for a simulated network SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION (IRI-2004) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration CY NOV 08-10, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE AB This paper describes a component-based design for a virtual network construction and simulation tool to be used for educational purposes. In this study, the elements of a computer network are defined in terms of discrete objects. It presents the component hierarchy and design requirements for modeling a network, and describes the means by which these objects can be modeled and instantiated as simulated network components using XML and Java. Following an overview of the elements of the MAADNET (Military Academy Attack/Defense Network) project and a discussion of its goals and requirements, the components required to build a virtual network are defined, followed by implementation details and additional design considerations. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Edelstein, D (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8819-4 PY 2004 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1109/IRI.2004.1431475 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBJ01 UT WOS:000225713600048 ER PT B AU Schamburg, JB Brown, DE AF Schamburg, JB Brown, DE BE Ingalls, RG Rossetti, MD Smith, JS Peters, BA TI Simulated annealing for selection of experimental regions in response surface methodology applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2004 CY DEC 05-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE, Comp soc, IEEE, SMC, IIE, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB In this paper we describe a methodology that includes the complementary use of simulated annealing and response surface methodology (RSM). The methodology was developed for analysis of simulations to help determine procedures for the employment of superheterodyne surveillance receivers. It, this methodology, we use simulated annealing to determine near optimal solutions and to help select an initial search region from which to begin experimentation and analysis. By using this technique, we are able to take the results of an otherwise obscure function, over a limited range of the variable values, and develop a simplified, more understandable model which closely represents the actual system over the limited solution space. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst & Informat Engn, Ctr Operat Res, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Schamburg, JB (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst & Informat Engn, Ctr Operat Res, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8786-4 PY 2004 BP 931 EP 939 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BBO57 UT WOS:000226725600117 ER PT B AU Schamburg, JB Brown, DE AF Schamburg, JB Brown, DE BE Ingalls, RG Rossetti, MD Smith, JS Peters, BA TI A generalized multiple response surface methodology for complex computer simulation applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2004 CY DEC 05-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE, Comp soc, IEEE, SMC, IIE, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB This work provides a generalization of the traditional response surface methodology (RSM) that can be applied to complex, multi-objective simulation studies. These problems involve a larger number of input variables, multiple measures of performance, and complex systems relationships. This multiple RSM approach capitalizes on the underlying learning philosophy of the traditional RSM while benefiting from other knowledge discovery concepts and data mining techniques. Furthermore it does not require the restrictive assumptions of the traditional RSM nor does it restrict the analyst to the traditional RSM techniques. Based on a variation of (Brown and Schamburg 2004) and (Schamburg 2004), a brief description of the generalized approach is provided. Then, the multiple response techniques are shown through an example application. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst & Informat Engn, Operat Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Schamburg, JB (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst & Informat Engn, Operat Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8786-4 PY 2004 BP 958 EP 966 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BBO57 UT WOS:000226725600120 ER PT B AU Hill, CM Malone, LC AF Hill, CM Malone, LC BE Ingalls, RG Rossetti, MD Smith, JS Peters, BA TI Using smiulated data in support of research on regression analysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2004 CY DEC 05-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE, Comp soc, IEEE, SMC, IIE, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Using simulated data to develop and study diagnostic tools for data analysis is very beneficial. The user can gain insight about what happens when assumptions are violated since the true model is known. However, care must be taken to be sure that the simulated data is a reasonable representation of what one would usually expect in the real world. This paper discusses the construction of simulated data sets and provides specific examples using linear and logistic regression analysis. It also addresses the execution of simulation based data studies following data construction. C1 USA, Ctr Army Anal, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP USA, Ctr Army Anal, 6001 Goethals Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM Christopher.Hill@caa.army.mil; lmalone@mail.ucf.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8786-4 PY 2004 BP 967 EP 973 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BBO57 UT WOS:000226725600121 ER PT B AU Downes, PM Kwinn, MJ Brown, DE AF Downes, PM Kwinn, MJ Brown, DE BE Ingalls, RG Rossetti, MD Smith, JS Peters, BA TI Using agent-based modeling and human-in-the-loop simulation to analyze army acquisition programs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2004 CY DEC 05-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE, Comp soc, IEEE, SMC, IIE, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the usefulness of integrating human-in-the-loop simulations and agent based modeling. The integration of a human-in-the-loop simulation with an agent based model can model information technology systems. This integration allows analysts to exploit the strengths and advantages of each of these two model types. The integration and power of these models together diminishes each of the models own inherent disadvantages and limitations. This unique partnership between two distinct model types can tell analysts how well information technology systems provide users with information, data, and intelligence. This valuable insight about information systems' performance can be an indispensable aide to those interested in comparing, rating, and acquiring alternative information systems. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Downes, PM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8786-4 PY 2004 BP 994 EP 1000 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BBO57 UT WOS:000226725600125 ER PT B AU Tollefson, ES Kwinn, MJ Martin, PG Boylan, GL Foote, BL AF Tollefson, ES Kwinn, MJ Martin, PG Boylan, GL Foote, BL BE Ingalls, RG Rossetti, MD Smith, JS Peters, BA TI Simulation modeling requirements for determining soldier tactical mission system effectiveness SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2004 CY DEC 05-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE, Comp soc, IEEE, SMC, IIE, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB In order to maintain an edge during this time of unprecedented technological growth, the Army must field Infantry soldier systems quickly; however, the cost of doing so without some assessment of utility is quite high. Therefore, the acquisition community must estimate the operational impact of proposed systems with an increasing degree of accuracy. For this, the Army has turned to combat simulations. However, the focus in the past has been on larger battlefield systems and unit-level analyses. Additionally, Infantry soldier models require unprecedented fidelity in terms of the soldier entity and his environment. As a result, the simulation representation of the individual, soldier on the battlefield has not kept pace with other representations. In this paper, we discuss our identification of the unique simulation requirements for modeling the Infantry soldier as a system of systems in support of acquisition decision making. C1 US Mil Acad, Operat Res Ctr Excellence, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Tollefson, ES (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Operat Res Ctr Excellence, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8786-4 PY 2004 BP 1001 EP 1009 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BBO57 UT WOS:000226725600126 ER PT B AU Schott, R Downes, P Gay, R Whitten, N Paine, J Goddard, M Rybacki, M Klimack, W AF Schott, R Downes, P Gay, R Whitten, N Paine, J Goddard, M Rybacki, M Klimack, W BE Ingalls, RG Rossetti, MD Smith, JS Peters, BA TI Medium caliber cannon lethality study for future and current infantry fighting vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2004 CY DEC 05-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE, Comp soc, IEEE, SMC, IIE, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB According to the Army Chief of Staff, the Army's infantry fighting vehicle, the Bradley Fighting Vehicle, will be in service until 2032. The Bradley Fighting Vehicle needs an improved medium caliber cannon to defeat the growing threats from improved light armored vehicles and hand held rocket propelled grenades. The Army can continue to keep the Bradley Fighting Vehicle in service by increasing the lethality of its weapon systems. We examine six medium caliber cannons and their impact on the battlefield. We also examine the use of new medium caliber air burst munitions. Combat modeling and simulation using the Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS) is used to predict the contributions of these new technologies to the infantry soldier. Multiple mission scenarios in different environments to include Baghdad urban combat are examined. The medium caliber cannon selected will be the final lethality enhancement for the Bradley. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Schott, R (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8786-4 PY 2004 BP 1010 EP 1016 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BBO57 UT WOS:000226725600127 ER PT B AU Geil, BR Bayne, SB Ibitayo, D Koebke, MG AF Geil, BR Bayne, SB Ibitayo, D Koebke, MG GP IEEE TI Thermal evaluation of sic GTOs for pulsed power applications SO Proceedings of the 26th International Power Modulator Symposium and 2004 High Voltage Workshop, Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Power Modulator Symposium/High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 23-26, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB For applications which require high peak current and fast rise time, Silicon Carbide (SiC) material is ideal due to its ability to tolerate high localized temperatures generated during switching. This research was performed to investigate SiC devices for pulse power applications and to analyze the failure of the devices. Seven 2 min x 2 mm SiC Gate Turn-Off thyristors (GTOs) manufactured by Cree were evaluated. The devices were tested at single shot and under repetitive stress using a ring-down capacitor discharge circuit. The current pulse width was 2 mu s with a peak current of 1.4 kA (current density of 94.6 kA/cm(2)) and a maximum di/dt of 2.36 kA/mu s. The maximum power dissipated within the devices was 240 kW. Thermal modeling of these devices was done using ANSYS to analyze the heating and cooling. The model used was a 2-D model that included the device package, and bonding materials. The maximum amount of power dissipated was calculated from the 1000 A, 2 ps pulse. No further power input was added to the model and the heat transfer was plotted on an exponential scale. It was found that heat applied to a 2 pin thick region of the fingers yielded a maximum temperature of 2,500 degrees C in the device. It took 1.0E(-02) seconds for this heat to dissipate and for the device to return to 23C. The minimum and maximum stresses were found to be -2.83E(+09) Pa and 4.06E(+08) Pa, respectively. It was also found that the thickness of the heat generation region did not affect the final time to cool, but did affect the maximum temperature reached. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Geil, BR (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8586-1 PY 2004 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBZ41 UT WOS:000228358100044 ER PT B AU Thomas, J Kaplan, S Bayne, S AF Thomas, J Kaplan, S Bayne, S GP IEEE TI Evaluation of 4H SiC bipolar junction transistors SO Proceedings of the 26th International Power Modulator Symposium and 2004 High Voltage Workshop, Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Power Modulator Symposium/High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 23-26, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) demonstrate excellent current carrying and blocking capabilities, and offer good high-temperature performance. Moreover, these devices are easier to parallel than their Si analogues due to negative current gain temperature coefficient. In contrast to vertical MOSFETs and JFETs, these devices do not have junction discontinuities in the active region, which makes these devices easily scalable to high blocking voltage requirements. This experiment will help MM2, F determine the safe operating areas of 1mm(2), 4mm(2), 9mm(2), and Darlington structure SiC BJTs constructed by CREE. The eventual goal of this work is to produce devices capable of blocking 1200V and operating at a maximum collector current of 10A. Ideally gains of 8 or more are desired at temperatures of 150 degrees C. These devices will be characterized at temperatures up to 150 degrees C. Next they will be put into a system containing a push-pull circuit, which will be used in to control the on and off states of the BJT under test. This report will serve as to document the operational status of the present devices and as feedback to CREE in order to guide the production of future devices. These devices were tested using single-shot and repetitive pulsing. The devices were tested individually, as well as in parallel pair configurations. During each of these experiments the devices were tested from room temperature to 150 degrees C. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Thomas, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8586-1 PY 2004 BP 304 EP 306 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBZ41 UT WOS:000228358100082 ER PT B AU Altgilbers, LL Tracy, PT AF Altgilbers, LL Tracy, PT GP IEEE TI Inductance calculations for tapered helical MCGs SO Proceedings of the 26th International Power Modulator Symposium and 2004 High Voltage Workshop, Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Power Modulator Symposium/High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 23-26, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB There is recent interest in developing small helical magnetocumulative generators (MCGs) capable of generating high voltage pulses with short pulse lengths [1]. However, as the diameter of these generators decreases their energy and current gains decrease due to increased resistive losses and difficulties in properly aligning the armature relative to the center line of the generator. One possible way to achieve these objectives and overcome the limitations of these small generators is to taper their stator. This, however, increases the difficulty in calculating the initial inductance of the generator. In this paper, a simple mathematical model is presented for calculating the inductance of tapered generators. The calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Adv Technol Directorate, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Altgilbers, LL (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Adv Technol Directorate, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8586-1 PY 2004 BP 307 EP 309 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBZ41 UT WOS:000228358100083 ER PT B AU Podlesak, TF Simon, FM AF Podlesak, TF Simon, FM GP IEEE TI Preliminary evaluation of super GTOS in pulse application SO Proceedings of the 26th International Power Modulator Symposium and 2004 High Voltage Workshop, Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Power Modulator Symposium/High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 23-26, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Compact high action solid state switches are essential to weapon and protective systems for future Army vehicles. The Army Research Laboratory has been evaluating conventional and unconventional devices for an extended period of time. Large diameter thyristors have been explored and evaluated at currents in excess of 200 kA. Reverse dynistors, a Russian device, have shown even better performance than conventional thyristors due to their very fine gate structure (10's-100's of microns). Fine gate structure leads to faster turnon, so that the switch is in full conduction much faster than those with more conventional gates, which vastly improves the reliability and lifetime of such devices. Silicon Power Corporation (SPCO) has produced a thyristor with an even finer gate structure than the dynistor. This Super GTO (SGTO) also differs from conventional high current thyristors in that it is modular rather than a single wafer design. Aside from a potential reduction in cost due to improved yield, the SGTO may be easily configured to produce the desired level of peak current by adding or subtracting individual chips in the module. The Army Research Laboratory this year will obtain the first 400 kA SGTOs, which is double the prior current carrying capability of previous single wafer thyristors. A more critical parameter will be an increase of di/dt on tumon by an order of magnitude. Single wafer thyristors of large diameter have had didt's measured in kAs/us. The objective of the SGTO switch is in excess of 40 kA/us. This paper presents the first experimental data from a prototype device, rated at 80 kA peak current. Data from this round of evaluation will provide critical design data for the realization of switch modules of 400 kA and beyond. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Podlesak, TF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8586-1 PY 2004 BP 314 EP 317 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBZ41 UT WOS:000228358100085 ER PT B AU Thomas, RL Morgenstern, M Bayne, SB AF Thomas, RL Morgenstern, M Bayne, SB GP IEEE TI Silvaco modeling of a 10kV SiC p-i-n diode SO Proceedings of the 26th International Power Modulator Symposium and 2004 High Voltage Workshop, Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Power Modulator Symposium/High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 23-26, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID VOLTAGE AB To maximize the benefit of semiconductor technology, the U.S. military is requiring that the operating temperature for power electronic devices must be able to handle temperatures of up to150 degrees C. Power devices that use the wide band gap material silicon carbide (SiC) are being developed to provide large breakdown voltages and fast recovery times. When circuits call for high blocking voltages and fast reverse recovery times under adverse temperature situations, the p-i-n diode is the device presently used. To simulate the SiC device behavior, a modeling program named Silvaco was used to characterize a 5.76mm(2) 10kV SiC p-i-n diode manufactured by Cree under forward bias, reverse blocking and reverse recovery conditions. These simulations are then compared with test results from the actual device. Forward bias testing of the diode was conducted on a high power curve tracer and two different test circuits were developed to test reverse blocking and reverse recovery conditions respectively on sample diodes from Cree to add credibility to the Silvaco simulations. The results from the simulation and the experimental test were compared to verify the accuracy of the simulation and improve the prediction of high temperature device behavior in power electronics. C1 AMSRL SE RL, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Thomas, RL (reprint author), AMSRL SE RL, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8586-1 PY 2004 BP 567 EP 570 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBZ41 UT WOS:000228358100151 ER PT J AU Flores-Mendoza, C Peyton, EL Wilkerson, RC de Oliveira, RL AF Flores-Mendoza, C Peyton, EL Wilkerson, RC de Oliveira, RL TI Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) konderi Galvao and Damasceno: Neotype designation and resurrection from synonymy with Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi (Peryassu) (Diptera : Culicidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Anopheles konderi; Anopheles; Culicidae; taxonomy; redescription; malaria ID MOSQUITOS AB Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) konderi Galv (a) over tildeo and Damasceno 1942 is redescribed with illustrations of the male and female genitalia and the larval and pupal stages. A neotype for An. konderi is designated, and it is resurrected from synonymy with An. (Nys.) oswaldoi (Peryassu 1922). C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, APO, AA 34031 USA. Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Lab Transmissores Hematozoarios, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM wilkerson.richard@msc.si.edu NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 106 IS 1 BP 118 EP 132 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 761WG UT WOS:000187938000012 ER PT S AU Sharp, MK Adalier, K AF Sharp, MK Adalier, K BE Matsui, T Chung, JS Michel, JL Allersma, H TI Seismic response of earth embankments on marine-like saturated sandy deposits with varying depth loose layer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH (2004) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 2 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2004) CY MAY 23-28, 2004 CL Toulon, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE centrifuge modeling; coastal alluvium; earthquake; embankment; liquefaction; sand AB One of the major sources of earthquake-induced damage to earth embankments has been liquefaction of loose, saturated, sandy foundation soils that often prevail throughout the coastal and marine environments. Dynamic analysis of such embankment/foundation systems primarily relies on some type of finite element or finite difference procedure. Verification or validation of such analyses requires either high quality field performance data, which is virtually nonexistent, or data from physical model testing. Research reported in this paper represents a portion of ongoing work to obtain such a database. Specifically, a model of an earth dam founded on a marine-like saturated sandy deposits subjected to earthquake loading is being studied. Several properties in the foundation deposit are varied to determine the related effects to the earth dam. In this paper, results from three centrifuge physical models, studying the effect of loose layer depth in the foundation is presented. The significance of the depth of a loose liquefiable layer and resulting damage to the earth dam is discussed. C1 Centrifuge Res Ctr, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Sharp, MK (reprint author), Centrifuge Res Ctr, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-62-1 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2004 BP 556 EP 562 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Geological; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BAV48 UT WOS:000223782200085 ER PT S AU Yankielun, NE Clark, JH AF Yankielun, NE Clark, JH BE Chung, JS Prevosto, M Choi, HS TI Laboratory experiments with an optical instrument for measuring, recording and imaging washover SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH (2004) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 3 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2004) CY MAY 23-28, 2004 CL Toulon, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers AB Washover is the condition of occasional, partial or complete inundation of the surface of a body floating in water. Washover is typically caused by wave and wind action. A knowledge of the 3-dimensional spatial and temporal parameters of seawater washover of towed bodies, fixed and free drifting buoys, and other maritime powered, tethered and free-floating bodies is extremely helpful in understanding and improving their hydrostatic and hydrodynamic performance under a wide variety of sea states. Here we discuss the theory, implementation and initial testing of a newly developed fiber-optic-based method for 3-D spatial and temporal detection, measurement and visualization of washover (patent pending). This system is intended to provide real-time 3-D spatial and temporal detection, measurement and visualization of washover in freshwater, seawater, and possibly other transparent or translucent fluids. The system permits simultaneous, noninteracting measurements of temporal and spatial washover dynamics, along with measurements of water wave/electromagnetic interaction measurements for near-sea-surface antennas. Data can be acquired and displayed in real time, as well as stored for post-processing and analysis. The principles of the system have been bench tested and show promise for open-ocean washover testing of near-sea-surface buoyant towed bodies. In addition, temporal and spatial optical-based washover measurement is expected to provide an empirically based benchmarking process for computational fluid dynamic assessments of turbulent flow around arbitrarily shaped surface-towed or self-propelled bodies. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Yankielun, NE (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-62-1 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2004 BP 264 EP 269 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BAV49 UT WOS:000223783100038 ER PT S AU Ryerson, CC Dutta, PK Pergantis, CG AF Ryerson, CC Dutta, PK Pergantis, CG BE Ayer, R Chung, JS Knapp, RH TI Response of polymer composite helicopter blades to thermal deicing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH (2004) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2004) CY MAY 23-28, 2004 CL Toulon, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE composites; deicing; helicopter blades; thermal cycling; sandwich panels; ultrasonic C-scanning AB Results of an investigation to determine whether thermal deicing methods (hot air, hot glycol, or radiative heat) would damage the composite materials in helicopter blades are presented. Samples from composite helicopter blades were thermally cycled in the regime of thermal deicing method temperatures and then mechanically load tested. A reduction in strength was determined as a function of number of thermal cycles and temperature of testing. It was observed that although C-scans cannot detect any damage, damage did develop along the bond line of the composite skin and the Nomex core and caused a reduction of mechanical strength. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Ryerson, CC (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-62-1 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2004 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAV50 UT WOS:000223784300036 ER PT S AU Dutta, PK Porter, ML AF Dutta, PK Porter, ML BE Ayer, R Chung, JS Knapp, RH TI Of cold regions climate on the tensile strengths of aged composite reinforcing bars SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH (2004) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2004) CY MAY 23-28, 2004 CL Toulon, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE FRP rebars; composites; concrete reinforcement; aging; corrosion; cold regions AB Recently, the new technologies of using high performance fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials in reinforcing concrete in infrastructure systems have gained momentum. The capabilities, especially replacing the steel rebars with FRP rebars for concrete reinforcement have become attractive. However, their exposure to deicing salts or other corrosive environments is a concern especially at extreme temperatures. Polymer composites are well known for their brittle behavior in cold, degradation of polymer adhesive bond lines under hot-wet-cold thermal cycling, and poor workability and curing of adhesives at low temperatures. Therefore, the uncertainties of the influence of cold winter weather may deter their applications. This paper addresses those uncertainties by testing six aged and six unaged FRP rebars in cold and in room temperatures. Results of this experimental investigation are presented. A comparison of the room temperature tests to those subjected to the cold temperature of -30degreesC showed that the tensile values for the cold temperatures were higher than those for the room temperature. This comparison was true for both the aged and unaged specimens. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Dutta, PK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-62-1 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2004 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAV50 UT WOS:000223784300041 ER PT B AU Reifman, J Gunawardena, J Liu, ZQ AF Reifman, J Gunawardena, J Liu, ZQ GP IEEE TI Physiology analysis system SO Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology CY DEC 08-21, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY DE physiologic monitoring; medical informatics applications; medical informatics computing AB In order to address the needs of managing and analyzing large amounts of continuous physiologic data for a diversity of human and animal research studies, the US Army is developing the Physiology Analysis System. This flexible, modular, and interactive research system integrates both data and analysis tools at a central server location, eliminating painstaking downloads to the researcher's workstation. The system offers, through a Web browser, a feature-rich, workstation-like environment that analysts require to perform sophisticatedpost-hoc data mining. For proof-of-demonstration, the Physiology Analysis System is being used to warehouse and analyze continuous pre-hospital vital-sign data collected during transport from the scene of the incident to the trauma center for over 900 civilian trauma casualties. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, MCMR ZB T, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Reifman, J (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, MCMR ZB T, 504 Scott St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8689-2 PY 2004 BP 521 EP 525 DI 10.1109/ISSPIT.2004.1434406 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCA97 UT WOS:000228482900123 ER PT B AU Kuramochi, M Karypis, G AF Kuramochi, M Karypis, G BE Berry, MW Dayal, U Kamath, C Skillicorn, D TI Finding frequent patterns in a large sparse graph SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH SIAM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING SE SIAM Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th SIAM International Conference on Data Mining CY APR 22-24, 2004 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP Soc Ind & Appl Math DE pattern discovery; frequent subgraph; graph mining AB This paper presents two algorithms based on the horizontal and vertical pattern discovery paradigms that find the connected subgraphs that have a sufficient number of edge-disjoint embeddinags in a single large undirected labeled sparse graph. These algorithms use three different methods to determine the number of the edge-disjoint embeddings of a subgraph that are based on approximate and exact maximum independent set computations and use it to prune infrequent subgraphs. Experimental evaluation on real datasets from various domains show that both algorithms achieve good performance, scale well to sparse input graphs with more than 100,000 vertices, and significantly outperform a previously developed algorithm. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Digital Technol Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Digital Technol Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM kuram@cs.umn.edu; karypis@cs.umn.edu NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 0-89871-568-7 J9 SIAM PROC S PY 2004 BP 345 EP 356 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BCR65 UT WOS:000230948400032 ER PT B AU Wang, JY Karypis, G AF Wang, JY Karypis, G BE Berry, MW Dayal, U Kamath, C Skillicorn, D TI BAMBOO: Accelerating closed itemset mining by deeply pushing the length-decreasing support constraint SO Proceedings of the Fourth SIAM International Conference on Data Mining SE SIAM PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th SIAM International Conference on Data Mining CY APR 22-24, 2004 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP Soc Ind & Appl Math AB Mining valid closed itemsets with the length-decreasing support constraint is a particularly challenging problem due to the fact that the downward-closure property cannot be used to prune the search space. In this paper, we have newly proposed several pruning methods and optimization techniques which can push deeply the length-decreasing support constraint into the closed itemset mining, and developed an efficient algorithm, BAMBOO. Our performance study based on various length-decreasing support constraints and datasets with different characteristics has shown that BAMBOO not only generates more concise result set, but also runs orders of magnitude faster than several efficient pattern discovery algorithms. In addition, BAMBOO also shows very good scalability in terms of the database size. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Digital Technol Ctr, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Wang, JY (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Digital Technol Ctr, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 0-89871-568-7 J9 SIAM PROC S PY 2004 BP 432 EP 436 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BCR65 UT WOS:000230948400041 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Ressler, M Wong, D Soumekh, M AF Nguyen, L Ressler, M Wong, D Soumekh, M GP IEEE TI Enhancement of backprojection SAR imagery using digital spotlighting preprocessing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc AB This paper examines signal processing methods for improving fidelity of backprojection SAR imagery using a preprocessing method that suppresses Doppler aliasing as well as other side lobe artifacts that are introduced by the radar radiation pattern. The algorithm, known as digital spotlighting, imposes a filtering scheme on the azimuth-compressed SAR data, and manipulates the resultant spectral data to achieve a higher PRF to suppress the Doppler aliasing. The merits of the algorithm are studied using the ARL Boom-SAR data. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2004 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316395 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200011 ER PT S AU Conn, M Koenig, F Goldman, G Adler, E AF Conn, M Koenig, F Goldman, G Adler, E GP IEEE TI Waveform generation and signal processing for a multifunction radar system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc AB A multifunction, single platform RF sensor capable of performing target acquisition and tracking, combat identification, high data rate communications, and active protection is of interest to the U.S. Army. The sensor ultimately must be affordable and the size minimized to meet the demands of a rapidly deployable force. To address these needs, the Army Research Laboratory has built and tested a multifunction radar test bed capable of performing multiple tasks simultaneously at K-a-band. The system has integrated high-end RF components together with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) signal processing technology. Key elements of the test bed are a commercial direct digital synthesizer (DDS) for adaptable waveform generation, multiple COTS field programmable gate array (FPGA) processors for real-time data acquisition and signal processing, a COTS FPGA based multi-port input/output (I/O) board programmed for radar timing and control, and an electronically scanned antenna (ESA) based upon a Rotman lens beam-former with active elements for multi-beam generation. The radar is capable of transmitting and receiving two simultaneous and independent beams in azimuth with up to 3 GHz of bandwidth and up to 8 watts of average power. The current configuration uses one beam for a radar target acquisition function and the other for a high data rate communication channel. The emphasis of this paper is on the radar's waveform generation and signal processing capability. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Conn, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2004 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316415 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200031 ER PT S AU Davis, BS Denison, T Kaung, JB AF Davis, BS Denison, T Kaung, JB BE Rocha, D Sarro, PM Vellekoop, MJ TI A monolithic high-g SOI-MEMS accelerometer for measuring projectile launch and flight accelerations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE SENSORS 2004, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Sensors 2004 Conference CY OCT 24-27, 2004 CL Vienna Univ Technol, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP IEEE HO Vienna Univ Technol DE accelerometer; acceleration; SOI; high-g; MEMS; IMU; telemetry; munition; flight test AB Analog Devices (ADI) has designed and fabricated a monolithic high-g acceleration sensor (ADXSTC3-HG) fabricated with the ADI silicon-on-insulator micro-electromechanical system (SOI-MEMS) process. The SOI-MEMS sensor structure has a thickness of 10 um, allowing for the design of inertial sensors with excellent cross-axis rejection. The high-g accelerometer discussed in this paper was designed to measure in plane acceleration to 10,000 g while subjected to 100,000 g in the orthogonal axes. These requirements were intended to meet Army munition applications. The monolithic sensor was packaged in an 8-pin leadless chip carrier (LCC-8) and was successfully demonstrated by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) as part of an inertial measurement unit during an instrumented flight experiment of artillery projectiles launched at 15,000 g. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Davis, BS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM bdavis@arl.army.mil; Tim.Denison@analog.com; Jinbo.Kuang@analog.com NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 0-7803-8692-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2004 BP 296 EP 299 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426160 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCH15 UT WOS:000229268100077 ER PT S AU Edelstein, AS Fischer, G Pulskamp, J Pedersen, M Bernard, W Cheng, SF AF Edelstein, AS Fischer, G Pulskamp, J Pedersen, M Bernard, W Cheng, SF BE Rocha, D Sarro, PM Vellekoop, MJ TI Minimizing the effect of 1/f noise with a MEMS flux concentrator SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE SENSORS 2004, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Sensors 2004 Conference CY OCT 24-27, 2004 CL Vienna Univ Technol, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP IEEE HO Vienna Univ Technol DE magnetic; sensor; MEMS ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SENSORS AB To address the need for reducing the effect of 1/f noise on magnetic sensor performance we have invented a novel device, the MEMS flux concentrator, that shifts the operating frequency of magnetic sensors to higher frequencies. This is done by modulating the magnetic field before it reaches the sensor. The modulation is accomplished by putting the flux concentrators often used with magnetic sensors on MEMS structures. Flux concentrators enhance the magnetic field. In our present device, the magnetic sensor, a GMR sensor, is placed between flux concentrators that have been deposited on MEMS flaps. Depending on the design, the motion of the MEMS flaps modulates the field by a factor of 3 at frequencies from 8 to 15 kHz. Thus, the device shifts the operating frequency above the frequency region where 1/f noise dominates. This should increase the sensitivity of many magnetic sensors by two to three orders of magnitude. A perhaps equally important benefit is that, because it is a modulation technique, it eliminates the problem of dealing with the large DC bias of most magnetoresistive sensors. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Edelstein, AS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 0-7803-8692-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2004 BP 1562 EP 1565 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426488 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCH15 UT WOS:000229268100405 ER PT B AU Liu, L Arcone, SA AF Liu, L Arcone, SA BE Slob, EC Yarovoy, A Rhebergen, J TI Near-surface radar pulse propagation in complex terrain environments: Preliminary results SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2004) CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS SP TU Delft, Int Res Ctr Telecommun & Radar, TU Delft, Ctr Tech Geosci, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, TNO-FEL, Geophys Sur Syst Inc, 3D Radar-AS, Allied Assoc, Ingegneria Sistemi-SPA, Mala Geosci, Radar Syst Inc, Roadscanners, Sensors & Software, T& A Survey HO Delft Univ Technol DE pseudospectral time domain method; half-space; end-fire; broadside; azimuthal; layered model AB In a previous study Liu and Arcone [1] discussed the effects of a near-surface thin layer on the lateral propagation of a radar pulse with 2-dimensional numerical models. They concluded that the near-surface stratigraphic structure plays an important role when it combines with different antenna polarization modes. Numerical modeling successfully simulated the wavefield dispersion caused by the existence of the surface thin layer. In this paper the analysis has been extended to include the azimuthal effects in radiation patterns with the use of a 3dimensional (3-D) pseudospectral time domain (PSTD) numerical modeling technique to understand radar pulse propagation in a similarly complex environment. In these preliminary test cases, the propagation of radar pulse generated by a horizontal dipole aligned with the x-direction was modeled in 3 dimensions. The model of material properties includes (i) a uniform half-space with either higher or lower conductivity, and (ii) a thin dielectric layer overlaid on the half space. A significant electric field in the vertical direction (Ez-field) was observed in the end-fire direction for all cases. As predicted by the analytic solution, the Ex-field reaches the minimum in the end-fire direction and maximum in the broadside direction. The thin layer complicates the waveform; however, the fundamental radiation patterns remain the same with the half-space case. We will model the effect of geometric and material heterogeneities for more complicated terrain environments in the near future. C1 Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Snow & Ice Branch, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Liu, L (reprint author), Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Snow & Ice Branch, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Lanbo.Liu@erdc.usace.army.mil; Lanbo.Liu@UConn.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2004 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ19 UT WOS:000225736800005 ER PT B AU Clark, W Burns, B Ralston, J Dieguez, E AF Clark, W Burns, B Ralston, J Dieguez, E BE Slob, EC Yarovoy, A Rhebergen, J TI The measured effect of soils on ground penetrating radar antenna resolution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2004) CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS SP TU Delft, Int Res Ctr Telecommun & Radar, TU Delft, Ctr Tech Geosci, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, TNO-FEL, Geophys Sur Syst Inc, 3D Radar-AS, Allied Assoc, Ingegneria Sistemi-SPA, Mala Geosci, Radar Syst Inc, Roadscanners, Sensors & Software, T& A Survey HO Delft Univ Technol DE soil effects; ground penetrating radar; Archimedean spiral antennas; radar imaging AB Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is emerging as viable technology for rapid and accurate landmine detection. Although GPR has been successfully used for landmine and subsurface object detection, the performance of GPR is dependant on the type of medium the subsurface object is buried in. In this paper, we report studies of the effect of three different soils on two sets of GPR antenna's imaging response to an easily understood target. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Clark, W (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2004 BP 125 EP 128 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ19 UT WOS:000225736800030 ER PT B AU Delaney, AJ Arcone, SA O'Bannon, A Wright, J AF Delaney, AJ Arcone, SA O'Bannon, A Wright, J BE Slob, EC Yarovoy, A Rhebergen, J TI Crevasse detection with GPR across the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2004) CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS SP TU Delft, Int Res Ctr Telecommun & Radar, TU Delft, Ctr Tech Geosci, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, TNO-FEL, Geophys Sur Syst Inc, 3D Radar-AS, Allied Assoc, Ingegneria Sistemi-SPA, Mala Geosci, Radar Syst Inc, Roadscanners, Sensors & Software, T& A Survey HO Delft Univ Technol DE crevasse; snow stratigraphy; ground penetrating radar; traverse; McMurdo shear zone AB We have used 400-MHz ground penetrating radar (GPR) to detect crevasses within a shear zone on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, to support traverse operations. The transducer was attached to a 6.5-m boom and pushed ahead of an enclosed tracked vehicle. Profile speeds of 4.8-11.3 km / hr allowed realtime crevasse image display and a quick, safe stop when required. Thirty-two crevasses were located with radar along the 4.8 km crossing. Generally, crevasse radar images were characterized by dipping reflections above the voids, high-amplitude reflections originating from ice layers at the base of the snow-bridges, and slanting, diffracting reflections from near-vertical crevasse walls. New cracks and narrow crevasses (<50 cm width) show no distinct snow bridge structure, few diffractions, and a distinct band where pulse reflections are absent. Wide (0.5-5.0 m), vertical wall crevasses show distinct dipping snow bridge layering and intense diffractions from ice layers near the base of the snow bridge. Pulse reflections are absent from voids beneath the snow bridges. Old, wide (3.0-8.0 m) and complexly shaped crevasses show well-developed, broad, dipping snow-bridge layers and a high-amplitude, complex, diffraction pattern. The crevasse mitigation process, which included hot-water drilling, destroying the bridges with dynamite, and back-filling with bulldozed snow, afforded an opportunity to ground-truth GPR interpretations by comparing void size and snow-bridge geometry with the radar images. Second season radar profiles collected along the identical flagged route confirmed stability of the filled crevasses and identified eight new cracks opened by ice extension. Our experiment demonstrates the utility and reliability of real-time crevasse detection with GPR. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Snow & Ice Branch, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99707 USA. RP Delaney, AJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Snow & Ice Branch, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Bldg 4070, Ft Wainwright, AK 99707 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2004 BP 777 EP 780 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ19 UT WOS:000225736800185 ER PT B AU Arcone, SA Laatsch, JE AF Arcone, SA Laatsch, JE BE Slob, EC Yarovoy, A Rhebergen, J TI Reversing the roles of high and low frequency to profile the dynamics of an Ice Shelf SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2004) CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS SP TU Delft, Int Res Ctr Telecommun & Radar, TU Delft, Ctr Tech Geosci, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, TNO-FEL, Geophys Sur Syst Inc, 3D Radar-AS, Allied Assoc, Ingegneria Sistemi-SPA, Mala Geosci, Radar Syst Inc, Roadscanners, Sensors & Software, T& A Survey HO Delft Univ Technol DE ground-penetrating radar; ice shelf; resolution; penetration; folding ID ANTARCTICA AB We reversed the traditional penetration and resolution roles of high- and low-frequency GPR, respectively, to profile the stratigraphy and depth of an area of the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Satellite photography reveals the area to consist of sutured rift blocks. We recorded the bottom profile to 145-m depth at 400 MHz, but the limited recording rate required a 100MHz profile, recorded at a faster rate, to reveal continuous stratigraphy within the steeply dipping folds to about 80-m depth. The 400-MHz profile reveals probable suture points and shows that the blocks eroded before joining. The 100-MHz profile reveals two stratigraphic regimes, a lack of stratigraphic continuity above the erosion points, and single, severe folds on either side of these points, which implies that the force of joining is dissipated mainly near the sutures. The strength of the 400-MHz bottom signal suggests that depths to about 250 m could be recorded without stacking within an 8192-samples/trace sampling rate, but the extremely faint stratigraphy signals would require stacking. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2004 BP 781 EP 784 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ19 UT WOS:000225736800186 ER PT S AU Ray, LA Adhami, RR AF Ray, Lee A. Adhami, Reza R. GP IEEE TI Dual tree Discrete Wavelet Transform with application to image fusion SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST06) CY MAR 05-07, 2006 CL Cooksville, TN SP Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Ctr Energy Syst Res, IEEE Cent Tennessee Sect, IEEE Control Syst Soc ID BASES; PAIRS AB Image fusion involves combining two or more images to produce a single image with improved visual quality. This paper presents a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) image fusion methodology based on the intensity magnitudes of the wavelet coefficients and compares three variations of the DWT implemented separately in this fusion model. The image fusion model, using the Decimated Discrete Wavelet Transform (DDWT), the Undecimated Discrete Wavelet Transform (UDWT), and the Dual Tree Discrete Wavelet Transform (DT DWT), is applied to multi-focus and multisensor images. The resulting fused images are compared visually and through Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) computations. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Ray, LA (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-9457-7 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 430 EP 433 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEE20 UT WOS:000236910200089 ER PT S AU Jungwirth, PW Poularikas, AD AF Jungwirth, PW Poularikas, AD GP IEEE TI Improved Sayiner level crossing ADC SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect DE analog-to-digital conversion; signal processing; interpolation; Newton's divided difference AB We present simulations showing the primary distortion in a Sayiner level crossing converter is odd harmonic distortion and examine two methods for improving the performance. A cosine-dither technique is presented. The potential benefits of a hybrid delta sigma level crossing converter are discussed. Nyquist analog-to-digital converters achieve high dynamic range with a large number of quantization levels. Delta sigma oversampling analog-to-digital converters achieve high dynamic range by averaging a large number of coarsely quantized samples together. A zero crossing converter determines the time when the input signal equals a reference signal. A zero crossing converter requires accurate timing to achieve high dynamic range. By combining a small number of quantization levels with zero crossing times, Sayiner's level crossing converter achieves high dynamic range with a fraction of the complexity of a Nyquist converter and requires less accurate timing than a zero crossing converter. C1 USA, AMCOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Jungwirth, PW (reprint author), USA, AMCOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 379 EP 383 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100077 ER PT J AU Petroski, RA Warlick, WA Herring, J Donahue, TF Sun, L Smith, CV Connelly, RR McLeod, DG Moul, JW AF Petroski, RA Warlick, WA Herring, J Donahue, TF Sun, L Smith, CV Connelly, RR McLeod, DG Moul, JW TI External beam radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: efficacy and impact on urinary continence SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE prostate carcinoma; radical prostatectomy; external beam radiation; outcomes ID RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; ADJUVANT RADIATION; FOLLOW-UP; CANCER; RADIOTHERAPY AB Introduction and Objectives: The efficacy of adjuvant and salvage external beam radiation (AXRT + SXRT) for prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP) has been debated because of the inability to rule out systemic occult metastasis, uncertainty that radiation eradicates residual local disease and the potential of exacerbating impotency and incontinence. To characterize the effectiveness and treatment morbidity a retrospective review was performed. Methods: In all, 38 patients received AXRT and 91 received SXRT. The SXRT group was stratified by PSA level, age, race, pathologic stage, margin status, worst Gleason sum, radiation dose and pelvic field. Complications evaluated were impotence and incontinence. Median follow-up was 60.2 months. Results: The 5-y disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 61.3% for AXRT and 36.3% for SXRT. Multivariate analysis of the SXRT cohort showed Gleason score, pathologic stage and pre-XRT PSA to be predictors of disease recurrence. After XRT 26% had worsened continence. Conclusions: Patients who recur after RP whose pathologic stage is pT2 or pT3c, Gleason score of 8 or higher or pre-XRT PSA is > 2.0 ng/dl may have microscopic metastatic disease and a decreased chance of cure with SXRT alone. Continence was further impaired after XRT. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Div Radiat Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Urol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM jmoul@cpdr.org NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 2 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500718 PG 8 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 837TM UT WOS:000222663200015 PM 15136786 ER PT B AU Henderson, JW Kenner, SJ AF Henderson, JW Kenner, SJ BE Clar, M Carpenter, D Gracie, J Slate, L TI Application of SMS to characterize spawning habitat for brown trout SO PROTECTION AND RESTORATION OF URBAN AND RURAL STREAMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Protection and Restoration of Urban and Rural Streams CY JUN 23-25, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Urban Water Resources Res Council, Urban Streams Comm, Waterways Council, River Restorat Comm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm & Water Resources Inst AB This paper details a method using the RMA2 module of the Surface Water Modeling System (SMS) to characterize hydraulic conditions and their effect on the urban brown trout fishery in Rapid Creek as it flows through Rapid City, South Dakota. For many years Rapid Creek has supported a natural brown trout fishery managed by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. This stretch of Rapid Creek has experienced ecosystem stresses from urban storm water runoff, a one-time discharge of sediment from Canyon Lake and other external factors. Rapid Creek originates in the Black Hills limestone plateau over 81 km (50 mi) upstream of Rapid City. Pactola Reservoir helps to control stream flow as Rapid Creek drains an area of approximately 96348 ha (372 mi(2)). C1 US Army Engineer Dist Vicksburg, Vicksburg, MS 39183 USA. RP Henderson, JW (reprint author), US Army Engineer Dist Vicksburg, 4155 Clay St, Vicksburg, MS 39183 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0695-2 PY 2004 BP 232 EP 241 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BAH14 UT WOS:000222180700023 ER PT B AU Schwar, MT AF Schwar, MT BE Clar, M Carpenter, D Gracie, J Slate, L TI The use of continuous hydrologic modeling to design and evaluate aquatic restoration projects SO PROTECTION AND RESTORATION OF URBAN AND RURAL STREAMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Protection and Restoration of Urban and Rural Streams CY JUN 23-25, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Urban Water Resources Res Council, Urban Streams Comm, Waterways Council, River Restorat Comm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm & Water Resources Inst ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; RESISTANCE; SCALE; RIVER AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Hydrologic Engineering Center's HMS and RAS models were used to evaluate the function of proposed fish passage and wetland restoration projects along Waubonsie Creek in the western suburbs of Chicago. Most traditional engineering hydrologic analyses are concerned with the recurrence of high-flow events or the response to specific design events. However, the relevant hydrologic aspects of many restoration projects are concerned with the system function during more common events or over extended periods of time (that is, low flow events and response to flows with recurrence intervals of less than a year). Analysis of restoration projects thus often requires techniques that expand on traditional hydrologic methods. For the Waubonsie Creek project, the Rock Island District USACE used the continuous soil moisture accounting package in HMS 2.1 to develop a synthetic record of 30-minute interval streamflows at a number of points in the Waubonsie Creek Basin using 38 years of climatological data records. The synthetic flows were used to estimate flow conditions at proposed ecological restoration project sites over the seasons relevant to the function to be assessed (for example, spring fish passage). Water levels for these flows were estimated using the RAS hydraulic model. Using this comprehensive set of hydrologic conditions, specifically flow depths and velocities over the course of the year, it was possible to assess both project features and habitat benefits at appropriate seasonal and temporal scales. C1 USA Corps Engineers, Hydrol & Hydraul Branch, Rock Isl, IL 61204 USA. RP Schwar, MT (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, Hydrol & Hydraul Branch, Rock Isl Dist,Clock Tower Bldg,POB 2004, Rock Isl, IL 61204 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0695-2 PY 2004 BP 287 EP 295 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BAH14 UT WOS:000222180700029 ER PT J AU Dunivin, D Reed, GM AF Dunivin, D Reed, GM TI Psychosocial services in treatment of breast cancer: A model program for integration SO PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1057-9249 J9 PSYCHO-ONCOL JI Psycho-Oncol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 SU S BP S2 EP S2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Oncology; Psychology; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 767DM UT WOS:000188425000004 ER PT J AU Morgan, CA Hazlett, G Doran, A Gambino, W Aikins, DE Steffian, G AF Morgan, CA Hazlett, G Doran, A Gambino, W Aikins, DE Steffian, G TI Prospective investigations assessing stress hardiness and stress vulnerability: Heartrate variability in special operations personnel exposed to highly intense stress SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Psychophysiological-Research CY OCT 20-24, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Soc Pychophysiol Res C1 VA W Haven Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, West Haven, CT USA. USA, Special Operat Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PY 2004 VL 41 SU 1 BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 849RL UT WOS:000223558200022 ER PT J AU Oesterheld, JR Armstrong, SC Cozza, KL AF Oesterheld, JR Armstrong, SC Cozza, KL TI Ecstasy: Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article ID DRUG-INTERACTIONS; IN-VITRO; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE ECSTASY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; DESIGNER DRUGS; MDMA ECSTASY; RITONAVIR; CYP2D6; HUMANS AB At "raves," young people dance and ingest illicit drugs, the most common of which is MDMA (N-methyl-3,4, -methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or "ecstasy." This drug is metabolized principally through the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 2D6 enzyme. Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions can occur if MDMA is combined with other recreational or therapeutic drugs that are 2D6 inhibitors. Ecstasy concentration may increase to cause toxicity. Since ecstasy is pro-serotonergic, it may also be involved in pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions when other pro-serotonergic drugs are combined with it, leading to a central serotonin syndrome. Some drugs are both pro-serotonergic and CYP450 2D6 inhibitors and, if co-administered with ecstasy, may cause both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions. C1 Tual Forest Grove Hosp, Ctr Geriatr Psychiat, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. Spurwink Sch, Portland, ME USA. Univ New England, Sch Osteopathy, Family Med Program, Biddeford, ME USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Armstrong, SC (reprint author), Tual Forest Grove Hosp, Ctr Geriatr Psychiat, 1809 Maple St, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. EM scott.armstrong@tuality.org NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 84 EP 87 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.45.1.84 PG 4 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 761ZJ UT WOS:000187945100011 PM 14709765 ER PT S AU Bahder, TB Golding, WM AF Bahder, TB Golding, WM BE Barnett, SM Andersson, E Jeffers, J Ohberg, P Hirota, O TI Clock synchronization based on second-order quantum coherence of entangled photons SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, MEASUREMENT AND COMPUTING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement and Computing CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Tamagawa Univ, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, MagiQ Technologies, Univ Strathclyde ID INTERFERENCE; CONVERSION AB We present an algorithm for synchronizing two clocks based on second-order quantum interference between entangled photons generated by parametric down-conversion. The procedure is distinct from the standard Einstein two-way clock synchronization method in that photon correlations are used to define simultaneous events in the frame of reference of a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer. Once the HOM interferometer is balanced, by use of an adjustable optical delay in one arm, arrival times of simultaneously generated photons are recorded by each clock. Classical information on the arrival times is sent from one clock to the other, and a correlation of arrival times is done to determine the clock offset. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bahder, TB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0216-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 734 BP 395 EP 398 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BBM55 UT WOS:000226204400091 ER PT S AU Meyers, RE Deacon, KS AF Meyers, RE Deacon, KS BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y TI Simulation of quantum computers SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE quantum computer; Navier Stokes; dirac; shrodinger; fluid dynamics; turbulence; burgers; unitary.; qubit ID LATTICE-GAS MODEL; EQUATION AB Quantum computers are simulated solving a variety of important physics problems. The numerical solution of the Burgers equation, Dirac's Equation, Schrodinger's equation, and other physics equations are solved by simulations of quantum computers. Navier Stokes equation turbulence solutions axe produced both over simple and complex structures. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,CS, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Meyers, RE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,CS, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5034-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5161 BP 142 EP 151 DI 10.1117/12.503187 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY69U UT WOS:000189441500017 ER PT S AU Meyers, RE Deacon, KS AF Meyers, RE Deacon, KS BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y TI Entangled quantum communications and quantum imaging SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE quantum; quantum imaging; quantum key distribution; entanglement; stochastic; quantum communications ID KEY DISTRIBUTION; FREE-SPACE; CRYPTOGRAPHY AB Stochastic quantum key distribution using entanglement was explored through development and analysis of laboratory systems. We analyzed Heralded Stochastic Quantum Key Distribution (HSQKD), Entanglement Enhanced Quantum Key Distribution (EEQKD), Entangled Energy Quantum Key Distribution (EEnQKD) and Embedding Stochastic Quantum Key Distribution in Quantum Images. C1 AMSRL CI CS, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Meyers, RE (reprint author), AMSRL CI CS, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM rmeyers@arl.army.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5034-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5161 BP 280 EP 286 DI 10.1117/12.509926 PG 7 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY69U UT WOS:000189441500030 ER PT S AU Meyers, RE Deacon, KS AF Meyers, RE Deacon, KS BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y TI Simulation of applications in quantum computing SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging II CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE quantum computer; Navier Stokes; Dirac; Shrodinger; fluid dynamics; turbulence; Burgers; unitary; sound; Fourier; voice; qubit ID LATTICE-GAS MODEL; EQUATION AB This paper discusses simulation of quantum computing applications solving important physics and engineering problems. Methodologies are developed for quantum computing solutions of the Navier Stokes Equation, Dirac's Equation, and Schrodinger's Equation in complex domains. Turbulent Navier Stokes solutions were generated in complex geometries including urban domains. A quantum computing algorithm is also developed for the processing of sound which has a greater than classical efficiency in compression when run on a quantum computer. The algorithm also has interesting and useful properties on a classical computer, but without the superior speed and storage properties realized on a quantum computer. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, CICS, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Meyers, RE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, CICS, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5489-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5551 BP 154 EP 168 DI 10.1117/12.564279 PG 15 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ22 UT WOS:000225749100017 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Optimized unitary transformation for BB84 entangling probe SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation II CY APR 12-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum cryptography; quantum key distribution; entangling probe; optimization ID QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY AB For a general entangling probe attacking the BB84 protocol of quantum key distribution, I determine three classes of unitary trnasformations yielding the same maximum information to the probe. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5359-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5436 BP 48 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.540875 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAW94 UT WOS:000223995400006 ER PT S AU Moseley, CG AF Moseley, CG BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Geometric control of quantum spin systems SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation II CY APR 12-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Moseley, CG (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5359-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5436 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.1117/12.538678 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAW94 UT WOS:000223995400033 ER PT S AU Ruffin, PB AF Ruffin, PB BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Nanotechnology for missiles SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices CY JAN 25-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE carbon nanotubes; nanometals; nanocomposites; chembio sensors AB Nanotechnology development is progressing very rapidly. Several billions of dollars have been invested in nanoscience research since 2000. Pioneering nanotechnology research efforts have been primarily conducted at research institutions and centers. This paper identifies developments in nanoscience and technology that could provide significant advances in missile systems applications. Nanotechnology offers opportunities in the areas of advanced materials for coatings, including thin-film optical coatings, light-weight, strong armor and missile structural components, embedded computing, and "smart" structures; nano-particles for explosives, warheads, turbine engine systems, and propellants to enhance missile propulsion; nano-sensors for autonomous chemical detection; and nano-tube arrays for fuel storage and power generation. The Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) is actively collaborating with academia, industry, and other Government agencies to accelerate the development and transition of nanotechnology to favorably impact Army Transformation. Currently, we are identifying near-term applications and quantifying requirements for nanotechnology use in Army missile systems, as well as monitoring and screening research and developmental efforts in the industrial community for military applications. Combining MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) and nanotechnology is the next step toward providing technical solutions for the Army's transformation. Several research and development projects that are currently underway at AMRDEC in this technology area are discussed. A top-level roadmap of MEMS/nanotechnology development projects for aviation and missile applications is presented at the end. C1 USA, AMRDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Ruffin, PB (reprint author), USA, AMRDEC, AMSRD AMR SG SP, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5267-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5359 BP 177 EP 187 DI 10.1117/12.516221 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAQ21 UT WOS:000223199200016 ER PT J AU Taylor, KC White, JWC Severinghaus, JP Brook, EJ Mayewski, PA Alley, RB Steig, EJ Spencer, MK Meyerson, E Meese, DA Lamorey, GW Grachev, A Gow, AJ Barnett, BA AF Taylor, KC White, JWC Severinghaus, JP Brook, EJ Mayewski, PA Alley, RB Steig, EJ Spencer, MK Meyerson, E Meese, DA Lamorey, GW Grachev, A Gow, AJ Barnett, BA TI Abrupt climate change around 22 ka on the Siple Coast of Antarctica SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; POLAR ICE; FIRN-DENSIFICATION; TRAPPED AIR; SEA-LEVEL; GREENLAND; RECORD; CORE; DOME; MODEL AB A new ice core from Siple Dome, Antarctica suggests the surface temperature increased by similar to6degreesC in just several decades at approximately 22 ka BP. This abrupt change did not occur 500 kin away in the Byrd ice core, or in climate proxy records in the Siple Dome core indicative of the mid-latitude Pacific. This demonstrates there was significant spatial heterogeneity in the response of the Antarctic climate during the last deglaciation and draws attention to unexplained mechanisms of abrupt climate change in Antarctica. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ & Comminity Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89511 USA. Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. Washington State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. Penn State Univ, Inst Environm, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Washington, Univ Washington Sci, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Taylor, KC (reprint author), Univ & Comminity Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Blvd, Reno, NV 89511 USA. EM kendrick@dri.edu RI White, James/A-7845-2009; Steig, Eric/G-9088-2015; Taylor, Kendrick/A-3469-2016; Grachev, Alexei/H-9702-2016 OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Steig, Eric/0000-0002-8191-5549; Taylor, Kendrick/0000-0001-8535-1261; NR 23 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.09.004 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 766PR UT WOS:000188385200002 ER PT S AU Ly, C AF Ly, C BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL Appleby, R Salmon, NA Wikner, DA TI Improving angular resolution with Scan-MUSIC algorithm for real complex targets using 35-GHz millimeter wave radar SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY VIII AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology VIII and Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VII CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Scan-MUSIC (SMUSIC); angular resolution; cross-range resolution; closely spaced point targets; antenna pattern; step-scanned antenna; spatial smoothing; subvector average; real scatterer-type targets; phase correction ID COHERENT SIGNALS AB Scan-MUSIC algorithm, developed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), improves angular resolution for target detection with the use of a single rotatable radar scanning the angular region of interest. This algorithm has been adapted and extended from the MUSIC algorithm that has been used for a linear sensor array. Previously, it was shown that the SMUSIC algorithm and a Millimeter Wave radar can be used to resolve two closely spaced point targets that exhibited constructive interference, but not for the targets that exhibited destructive interference. Therefore, there were some limitations of the algorithm for the point targets. In this paper, the SMUSIC algorithm is applied to a problem of resolving real complex scatterer-type targets, which is more useful and of greater practical interest, particular for the future Army radar system. The paper presents results of the angular resolution of the targets, an M60 tank and an M113 Armored Personnel Carrier (APC), that are within the mainlobe of a K(a)-bandradar antenna. In particular, we applied the algorithm to resolve centroids of the targets that were placed within the beamwidth of the antenna. The collected coherent data using the stepped-frequency radar were compute magnitudely for the SMUSIC calculation. Even though there were significantly different signal returns for different orientations and offsets of the two targets, we resolved those two target centroids when they were as close as about 1/3 of the antenna beamwidth. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ly, C (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ly@arl.army.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5333-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5410 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1117/12.543943 PG 10 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW92 UT WOS:000223994700010 ER PT S AU Tran, C Innocenti, R Kirose, G AF Tran, C Innocenti, R Kirose, G BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL Appleby, R Salmon, NA Wikner, DA TI Inverse synthetic aperture radar imagery of man with a rocket propelled grenade launcher SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY VIII AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology VIII and Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VII CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE ISAR; man with RPG launcher; RCS; Ka band AB As the Army moves toward more lightly armored Future Combat System (FCS) vehicles. enemy personnel will present an increasing threat to U.S. soldiers. In particular, they face a very real threat from adversaries using shoulder-launched, rocket propelled grenade (RPG). The Army Research Laboratory has utilized its Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) turntable facility to collect very high resolution, fully polarimetric Ka band radar data at low depression angles of a man holding an RPG. In this paper, we examine the resulting low resolution and high resolution range profiles; and based on the observed radar cross section (RCS) value, we attempt to determine the utility of Ka band radar for detecting enemy personnel carrying RPG launchers. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tran, C (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5333-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5410 BP 102 EP 113 DI 10.1117/12.542558 PG 12 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW92 UT WOS:000223994700012 ER PT S AU Wikner, DA AF Wikner, DA BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL Appleby, R Salmon, NA Wikner, DA TI Analysis of passive millimeter-wave imagery texture for enhanced aircraft obstacle avoidance SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY VIII AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology VIII and Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VII CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE passive millimeter-wave imaging; buildings; treeline; collision avoidance; image texture AB It has been demonstrated that passive MMW imagers can be used to detect obstacles through the fog, such as treelines and hillsides, which might be encountered in the path of a low-flying aircraft. However, the brightness temperature contrast between the horizon sky and the obstacle can often be quite small in foggy conditions, on the order of 5 K or less. Reliable detection of this contrast without image processing requires a passive MMW imager with a DeltaT(min) of about 0.2 K, which is quite challenging for existing 30-Hz imagers. While improvements in passive MMW imagers continue, it is useful to look at image analysis techniques that have the potential to improve obstacle detection by increasing the amount of information extracted from each image frame. In this paper we look at the ways that texture can be used to extract more information from the imagery. By merging textural information with the brightness temperature contrast information, there is the potential to enhance the detection of objects within the scene. The data used for the analysis presented here is 93-GHz, passive imagery of a deciduous treeline scene and a concrete building scene. The data were taken from the roof of a 4-story building to simulate the view of a low-flying aircraft. The data were collected over many months with an ARL-built Stokes-vector radiometer. This radiometer is a single-beam system that raster scans over a scene to collect a calibrated 93-GHz image. Texture measurement results for image segment samples, including autocorrelation and spatial edgeness, are presented in this work. Also presented are the effects of applying a modified Sobel edge detection technique to imagery with the least detectable obstacles. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wikner, DA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5333-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5410 BP 230 EP 237 DI 10.1117/12.542453 PG 8 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW92 UT WOS:000223994700025 ER PT S AU Hirvonen, JK AF Hirvonen, JK BE Wang, LM Fromknecht, R Snead, LL Downey, DF Takahashi, H TI Ion beam assisted deposition SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND ION-BEAM PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Effects and Ion-Beam Processing of Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID THIN-FILM DEPOSITION; MICROSTRUCTURE; FABRICATION; PLD AB The beneficial roles energetic ions play in thin film vacuum processes have long been recognized by the vacuum coating community. Optical coaters were among the first to adopt the process in the form of concurrent, low energy, directed ion beam bombardment of physical vapor deposition [electron beam] coatings for producing dense, adherent, robust, and environmentally resistant optical coatings. The international research and development community has also been actively pursuing the study of ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) for both studying the mechanisms of ion/solid interactions during thin film growth as well as for developing coating protocols for specific application areas, including: tribological coatings, anti-corrosion coatings, optical coatings, superconducting buffer layers and coatings for temperature sensitive substrates such as polymers. This paper will review selected areas of this active field and will attempt to identify emerging application areas. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM MA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM MA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-730-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 792 BP 647 EP 657 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BY91P UT WOS:000189494300095 ER PT S AU Lewis, B AF Lewis, B BE Wirsing, M Knapp, A Balsamo, S TI Architecture based model driven software and system development for real-time embedded systems SO RADICAL INNOVATIONS OF SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING IN THE FUTURE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Radical Innovations of Software and Systems Engineering in the Future CY OCT 07-11, 2002 CL Venice, ITALY SP USA Res Off, United States Natl Sci Fdn, Munchener Univ Gesell AB Architecture Description Languages provide significant opportunity for the incorporation of formal methods and engineering models into the analysis of software and system architectures. A standard is being developed for embedded real-time safety critical systems which will support the use of various formal approaches to analyze the impact of the composition of systems from hardware and software and which will allow the generation of system glue code with the performance qualities predicted. The standard, the Avionics Architecture Description Language (AADL), is based on the MetaH language developed under DARPA and US Army funding and on the model driven architectural based approach demonstrated with this technology over the last 8 years. The AADL standard will include a UML profile useful for avionics, space, automotive, robotics and other real-time concurrent processing domains including safety critical applications. The paper provides an overview of the concepts supported in MetaH and the AADL as examples of the architecture based model driven paradigm and notes several new model based approaches becoming available. C1 USA, Avion & Missile Syst Command, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Lewis, B (reprint author), USA, Avion & Missile Syst Command, Washington, DC 20310 USA. EM Bruce.Lewis@sed.redstone.army.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21179-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 2941 BP 249 EP 260 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY85L UT WOS:000189479100017 ER PT B AU Nation, RC AF Nation, RC BE Morton, JS Nation, RC Forage, P Bianchini, S TI The Balkan wars and the international war convention SO REFLECTIONS ON THE BALKAN WARS: TEN YEARS AFTER THE BREAK UP OF YUGOSLAVIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Balkans CY FEB 21-23, 2002 CL Florida Altantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL SP Org Peace Studies Program, Univ Bologna, US Army War Coll HO Florida Altantic Univ C1 US Army War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 1-4039-6332-0 PY 2004 BP 147 EP 164 PG 18 WC History; International Relations; Political Science SC History; International Relations; Government & Law GA BAS71 UT WOS:000223371000008 ER PT S AU Miller, A Farr, MD Bishop, M Williams, D AF Miller, A Farr, MD Bishop, M Williams, D BE Owe, M DUrso, G Moreno, JF Calera, A TI GIS-based modeling to evaluate aquatic habitats in the lower Mississippi River, southeastern United States SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems and Hydrology V CY SEP 08-10, 2003 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SPIE AB In a study conducted for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mississippi Valley Division (MVD), we used ArcGIS software to interpolate, analyze, and display spatially explicit data describing fish and physical habitat factors (bathymetry, current velocity, and substratum) associated with a dike notching project in Bondurant towhead secondary channel in the lower Mississippi River between River Miles 390 - 394. Data were collected throughout project areas using hydroacoustic equipment. We used ArcGIS to interpolate coverages of each physical habitat variable, which were then compared with fish distribution data to determine patterns of habitat association. After analyzing data from several locations, we concluded that bathymetry, water velocity, and substrate composition were most variable in areas immediately behind dike notches. However, the habitat diversity associated with notches was limited throughout the remaining portion of each project location. Data collected from throughout the side channel were analyzed. Habitat diversity (i.e., bathymetry, current velocity, and substratum) was greatest in areas of immediate proximity with the notched dike. However, the lack of pre-notching data precluded a direct quantification of how dike-notching activities changed habitat quality. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Miller, A (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5115-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5232 BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.1117/12.514290 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BY77H UT WOS:000189459600032 ER PT J AU Curtin, MA Taub, IA Kustin, K Sao, N Duvall, JR Davies, KI Doona, CJ Ross, EW AF Curtin, MA Taub, IA Kustin, K Sao, N Duvall, JR Davies, KI Doona, CJ Ross, EW TI Ascorbate-induced oxidation of formate by peroxodisulfate: product yields, kinetics and mechanism SO RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES LA English DT Review DE peroxodisulfate; formate; ascorbate; kinetics; oxidation; mechanism; induced reaction; free radicals ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PEROXYDISULFATE; INTERMEDIATE; CHEMISTRY AB The slow reaction between peroxodisulfate and formate is significantly accelerated by ascorbate at room temperature. The products of this induced oxidation, CO(2) and oxalate (C(2)O(4)(2-)), were analyzed by several methods and the kinetics of this reaction were measured. The overall mechanism involves free radical species. Ascorbate reacts with peroxodisultate to initiate production of the sulfate radical ion (SO(4)(.-)), which reacts with formate to produce carbon dioxide radical ion (CO(2)(.-)) and sulfate. The carbon dioxide radical reacts with peroxodisulfate to form CO(2) or self-combines to form oxalate. Competition occurring between these two processes determines the overall fate of the carbon dioxide radical species. As pH decreases, protonation of the carbon dioxide radical ion tends to favor production of CO(2). C1 Stonehill Coll, Dept Chem, Easton, MA 02357 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Syst Ctr, Combat Feeding Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem Emeritus, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. RP Curtin, MA (reprint author), Stonehill Coll, Dept Chem, Easton, MA 02357 USA. EM mcurtin@stonehill.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6168 J9 RES CHEM INTERMEDIAT JI Res. Chem. Intermed. PY 2004 VL 30 IS 6 BP 647 EP 661 DI 10.1163/1568567041570384 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 852XK UT WOS:000223789900007 ER PT J AU Nathan, SD Barnett, SD Moran, B Helman, DL Nicholson, K Ahmad, S Shorr, AF AF Nathan, SD Barnett, SD Moran, B Helman, DL Nicholson, K Ahmad, S Shorr, AF TI Interferon gamma-1b as therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - An intrapatient analysis SO RESPIRATION LA English DT Article DE pulmonary fibrosis; lung transplantation; interferon gamma, recombinant; respiratory function tests ID LUNG TRANSPLANTATION; BRONCHIOLITIS AB Background: The only proven therapeutic option for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is lung transplantation. It is biologically plausible that interferon gamma-1b (G-IFN) may halt or even reverse the disease process and therefore prove to be an effective medical therapy. We report our results using this medication in a cohort of patients with a wide range of severity of IPF. Objectives: To determine the impact of G-IFN therapy on the progression of disease in patients with IPF. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients' pulmonary function tests (PFTs), specifically the forced vital capacity (FVC) and the single breath diffusing capacity for carbon dioxide (DLCO). Comparisons of these parameters prior to and after the implementation of therapy were made by generating regression slopes by least-squares equations. Results: Twenty-two patients qualified for the analysis. For the FVC, comparison of pre- and post-therapy best-fit regression lines demonstrated a significant difference in favor of G-IFN (p < 0.015). For the DLCO, a significant difference in favor of gamma interferon therapy was detected in the advanced group (p < 0.03). Seventy percent of the patients showed either stabilization or regression of disease in both their FVCs and their DLCO. Conclusion: G-IFN appears to be an effective new therapy for patients with IPF. Salutary effects on the rate of change in the FVC and DLCO were most apparent in patients with advanced disease. With slowing or reversal in loss of lung function, G-IFN may improve longevity and may have utility as a bridge to lung transplantation in those patients who are appropriate candidates. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Inova Transplant Ctr, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. Inova Fairfax Hosp, Inova Heart Inst, Falls Church, VA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Nathan, SD (reprint author), Inova Transplant Ctr, 330 Gallows Rd, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. EM steven.nathan@inova.com NR 14 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0025-7931 J9 RESPIRATION JI Respiration PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1159/000075653 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 772TT UT WOS:000188857900014 PM 14872115 ER PT J AU Peckham, RM Shorr, AF Helman, DL AF Peckham, RM Shorr, AF Helman, DL TI Potential limitations of clinical criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis SO RESPIRATION LA English DT Article DE cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; interstitial lung disease; usual interstitial pneumonia ID HELICAL CT; EMBOLISM; AGREEMENT; ACCURACY AB Background: The need to perform surgical lung biopsy (SLB) in all cases of suspected idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (IPF/CFA) is controversial. The American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) recently endorsed explicit clinical criteria for the diagnosis of IPF/CFA in the absence of SLB. Prior studies evaluating clinical criteria for the diagnosis of IPF/CFA have been limited in that either they were performed by clinicians with expertise in the diagnosis of IPF/CFA or they did not utilize explicit diagnostic criteria. We investigated the accuracy of the ATS/ERS criteria when applied in a general pulmonary medicine setting. Objectives: To determine the interobserver variability of clinical criteria for the diagnosis of IPF/CFA. Methods: This was a retrospective, blinded evaluation by three board certified pulmonary physicians without extensive experience in the evaluation of IPF/CFA performed at a United States Army tertiary care academic medical center. Patients referred for surgical lung biopsy as part of a diagnostic evaluation of interstitial lung disease (ILD) were evaluated. The physicians reviewed high-resolution computed tomography scans of the chest (HRCT) and clinical data for each patient. The physicians were blinded to all other data and to the opinions of other study participants. Employing the histologic presence of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) coupled with appropriate clinical findings as the gold standard for a diagnosis of IPF/CFA we determined the accuracy and interobserver variability for a diagnosis of IPF/ CFA based on HRCT alone and based on the ATS/ERS clinical criteria. Results: The sensitivity and positive predictive value for a HRCT diagnosis of IPF/ CFA were 71% each while specificity and negative predictive value were 67% each. For the ATS/ERS criteria sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 71, 75, 77 and 69%, respectively. The interobserver variability, expressed as a kappa coefficient, for HRCT and the ATS/ERS criteria were 0.59 and 0.53, respectively. Conclusions: Both HRCT and the ATS/ERS clinical criteria may lead to misdiagnosis of patients with ILD. Further studies are needed to fully characterize the accuracy of these tests when applied in a routine pulmonary medicine practice setting. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM afshorr@dnamail.com NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0025-7931 J9 RESPIRATION JI Respiration PY 2004 VL 71 IS 2 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1159/000076678 PG 5 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 804LZ UT WOS:000220301500009 PM 15031572 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF AF Shorr, AF TI Diagnosing cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis - Reply SO RESPIRATION LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM afshorr@dnamail.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0025-7931 J9 RESPIRATION JI Respiration PY 2004 VL 71 IS 5 BP 546 EP 546 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 861HG UT WOS:000224406100022 ER PT J AU Kinney, KG Boyd, SYN Simpson, DE AF Kinney, KG Boyd, SYN Simpson, DE TI Guidelines for appropriate in-hospital emergency team time management: the Brooke Army Medical Center approach SO RESUSCITATION LA English DT Article DE advanced life support; guidelines; resuscitation ID AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATORS; EUROPEAN-RESUSCITATION-COUNCIL; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; CARDIAC-ARREST; CARDIOPULMONARY-RESUSCITATION; LIFE-SUPPORT; SURVIVAL; STATEMENT; PROFESSIONALS; COMMITTEE AB Successful outcome following cardiac arrest have been reported in the range of 13-59%. It is well established that the time from the onset of a ventricular arrhythmia to successful defibrillation predicts outcome. Recent out of hospital arrest protocols minimizing time to defibrillation have reported significant improvement in outcomes. The Bethesda conference and American Heart Association (AHA) both set standards for defibrillation time for in hospital codes but do not set standards for other interventions. In February 2000, the Brooke Army Medical Center (BAMC) cardiopulmonary resuscitation committee published time guidelines for the initiation of CPR, emergency team arrival, first defibrillation and first medication. We sought to evaluate resuscitation outcomes before and after this intervention. Methods: Data on each response time was prospectively collected as was etiology for the event, emergency location, patient age, gender, and emergency outcome for the 7 months prior to the guideline introduction and 15 months afterwards. Results: The mean response times (in minutes) for initiation of CPR (1.3 vs. 0.4), emergency team arrival (1.6 vs. 1.2), first defibrillation (7.8 vs. 6.6) and first medication (4.1 vs. 3.8) demonstrated trends toward improvement. Compliance with the time standards also increased (67-91, 85-95, 67-71 and 93-86%, respectively). Emergency survival trended toward improvement (47 vs. 57%) while discharge survival significantly increased from 3 to 24% (P = 0.017). Conclusions: Setting time guidelines for Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) improved initiation of CPR, emergency team arrival, first defibrillation, and first medication administration. These time reductions were accompanied by improved event survival and a statistically improved survival to discharge. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, MCHM, MED C, Cardiol Serv, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kinney, KG (reprint author), William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, MCHM, MED C, Cardiol Serv, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. EM kurt.kinney@amedd.army.mil NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-9572 J9 RESUSCITATION JI Resuscitation PD JAN PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S0300-9572(03)00259-4 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine GA 778HB UT WOS:000189232600005 PM 14987781 ER PT B AU Nguyen, BQ AF Nguyen, BQ BE Arabnia, HR Aissi, S Mun, Y TI A security architecture for a web portal of sensitive archival records SO SAM '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Security and Management CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE security architecture; sensitive electronic archives; defense in depth strategy AB Web portals are ubiquitous, but an operational portal containing sensitive electronic archival records has not existed in a public network due to security concerns; therefore, setting one up requires serious consideration of defensive security measures. The key topic of this paper is a security architecture for the protection of an experimental portal that provides its stakeholders with convenient and low-cost means for sharing and processing sensitive electronic archival records. The portal also serves as a test bed for conducting empirical research activities in support of the future building of a secure operational portal of sensitive electronic archival records. The proposed architectural framework applies the technical facet of the defense-in-depth strategy that was developed and widely implemented by the Department of Defense. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Nguyen, BQ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-37-8 PY 2004 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBL03 UT WOS:000225969500001 ER PT S AU Sarney, WL Little, JW Svensson, S AF Sarney, WL Little, JW Svensson, S BE Norman, AG Goldman, RS Noetzel, R Stringfellow, GB TI Microanalysis of self-assembled InAs quantum dot structures grown for infrared detector applications SO SELF-ORGANIZED PROCESSES IN SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROEPITAXY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Epitaxy held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB In an effort to develop materials that are sensitive to mid and far infrared radiation, we examine InAs quantum dot/GaAs matrix multilayer structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Customized electrical and optical properties result from nanoscale-level manipulation of the dots' physical dimensions. The MBE growth temperature can be set to yield dots having the desired lateral dimension; however this leads to dots of insufficient vertical height. It is therefore necessary to grow the dots in a manner that allows independent control of the lateral and vertical dimensions. In this experiment, the vertical dimension is controlled by growing the dots in a multilayer structure with GaAs matrix layers. An initial layer of InAs quantum dots was grown on top of GaAs, followed by a few seconds short growth of GaAs, and then followed by the growth of another layer of InAs dots. The GaAs laterally surrounds, but does not bury, the InAs quantum dots. When the second layer of InAs dots is grown, they tend to self-organize directly on top of the exposed first layer of dots. We then grew a third layer of dots in the same manner. This effectively results in a pseudo-single layer of dots of the desired height which is then completely buried in GaAs. The goal is to develop structures that can be integrated into high operating temperature quantum dot infrared detectors (QDIPs) that have maximum sensitivity, robustness, and portability. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EI, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sarney, WL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EI, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-732-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 794 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAH11 UT WOS:000222180100020 ER PT S AU Dang, G Choi, KK Little, J AF Dang, G Choi, KK Little, J BE Elinden, KJ Dereniak, EL TI Quantum grid infrared photodetector arrays for use as a multi-channel long wavelength spectrometer SO SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTODETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Semiconductor Photodetectors CY JAN 28-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quantum well; quantum grid; spectrometer AB We report on the fabrication of quantum grid infrared photodetector (QGIP) arrays and demonstrate their feasibility for use as multi-channel long wavelength infrared spectrometers. The quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) material structure was designed to exhibit broadband absorption in the wavelength range of 7 mum to 16 mum. By fabricating QGIP devices with this QWIP material, scattering of light at an individual wavelength of interest within the material absorption range can create narrow band detection in each device. Arrays of QGIP devices with varying geometry, each tailored to respond to a discrete wavelength were fabricated. Details of the epi-growth, processing steps taken to fabricate required device features for narrow band absorption of the QGIP devices, and characterization methods will be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dang, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5261-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5353 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1117/12.528945 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAJ67 UT WOS:000222595500010 ER PT S AU Scott, AJ Mabesa, JR Gorsich, D Rathgeb, B Said, AA Dugan, M Haddock, TF Bado, P AF Scott, AJ Mabesa, JR Gorsich, D Rathgeb, B Said, AA Dugan, M Haddock, TF Bado, P BE Wang, A TI Optical microsystem for analyzing engine lubricants SO SENSORS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors for Harsh Environments CY OCT 26-27, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE optical sensor; waveguide; microfluidic; glass; micro-machining; fused silica; femtosecond; oil; hydraulic AB It is possible to dramatically improve the performance, reliability, and maintainability of vehicles and other similarly complex equipment if improved sensing and diagnostics systems are available. Each year military and commercial maintenance personnel unnecessarily replace, at scheduled intervals, significant amounts of lubricant fluids in vehicles, weapon systems, and supporting equipment. Personnel draw samples of fluids and send them to test labs for analysis to determine if replacement is necessary. Systematic use of either on-board (embedded) lubricant quality analysis capabilities will save millions of dollars each year in avoided fluid changes, saved labor, prevented damage to mechanical components while providing associated environmental benefits. This paper discusses the design, the manufacturing, and the evaluation of robust optical sensors designed to monitor the condition of industrial fluids. The sensors reported are manufactured from bulk fused silica substrates. They incorporate three-dimensional micro fluidic circuitry side-by-side with three-dimensional wave guided optical networks. The manufacturing of the optical waveguides are completed using a direct-write process based on the use of femtosecond laser pulses to locally alter the structure of the glass substrate at the nano-level. The microfluidic circuitry is produced using the same femtosecond laser based process, followed by an anisotropic wet chemical etching step. Data will be presented regarding the use of these sensors to monitor the quality of engine oil and possibly some other vehicle lubricants such as hydraulic oil. C1 USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Command, Natl Automot Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Scott, AJ (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Command, Natl Automot Ctr, 6501 E 11 Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5543-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5590 BP 122 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.571428 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBM97 UT WOS:000226252300015 ER PT B AU Shires, DR Henz, BJ AF Shires, DR Henz, BJ BE Arabnia, HR Reza, H TI Lessons learned and perspectives on successful HPC software engineering and development SO SERP'04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educa & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE high performance computing; software engineering; software quality engineering; parallel computing AB Massively parallel computing platforms have reached the teraflop threshold of computing power, with research groups around the world targeting a time frame of roughly 2010 to field the first production petaflop system. Successful development of software applications for these systems, as well as the current teraflop architectures, depends upon quality software engineering research and methodologies. Software engineering practices that lead to successful project completion and boost productivity need to be understood and addressed If not, the capabilities of current and future computer systems will easily outpace our ability to effectively use them. This paper discusses several "lessons learned" for parallel software development projects in the context of mid- to large-scale scientific computing development efforts. It also addresses issues that must be dealt with to facilitate effective software developments for scaling to even larger systems. C1 USA, Res Lab, High Performance Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Shires, DR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, High Performance Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-30-0 PY 2004 BP 769 EP 775 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBK74 UT WOS:000225905800115 ER PT J AU Sondeen, JL Dubick, MA Prince, MD James, AG Nelson, JJ Hernandez, E Leandry, L Holcomb, JB AF Sondeen, JL Dubick, MA Prince, MD James, AG Nelson, JJ Hernandez, E Leandry, L Holcomb, JB TI Prolonged hypotensive resuscitation with lactated ringers solution (LR), Hextend, or hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) in a conscious, sedated swine hemorrhage model SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 05-08, 2004 CL Halifax, CANADA C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2004 VL 21 SU 2 MA 74 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 826GC UT WOS:000221816300074 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Bentley, T Bunger, R Esser, D Smith, RA Gotze, O Mongan, PD Alving, CR AF Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Bentley, T Bunger, R Esser, D Smith, RA Gotze, O Mongan, PD Alving, CR TI Complement activation during hemorrhagic shock in pigs and rats: Beneficial effect of complement inhibition with APT070 SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th World Congress on Trauma, Shock, Inflammation and Sepsis - Pathophysiology, Immune Consequences and Therapy CY MAR 02-06, 2004 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2004 VL 21 SU 1 MA 99 BP 25 EP 25 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 810FF UT WOS:000220689500100 ER PT J AU Dubick, MA Sondeen, JL Prince, MD James, AG Nelson, JJ Hernandez, EL AF Dubick, MA Sondeen, JL Prince, MD James, AG Nelson, JJ Hernandez, EL TI Hypotensive resuscitation with Hextend, Hespan or PolyHeme in a swine hemorrhage model. SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 05-08, 2004 CL Halifax, CANADA C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2004 VL 21 SU 2 MA 124 BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 826GC UT WOS:000221816300124 ER PT J AU Oliver, JD Atkins, JL Schooley, JF Ma, L Bentley, TB Pamnani, MB AF Oliver, JD Atkins, JL Schooley, JF Ma, L Bentley, TB Pamnani, MB TI Hemorrhagic shock in rats increases microsomal sodium-potassium ATPase (NKA) activity ex vivo SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th World Congress on Trauma, Shock, Inflammation and Sepsis - Pathophysiology, Immune Consequences and Therapy CY MAR 02-06, 2004 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, MCMR UWH A, Div Mil Casualty Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2004 VL 21 SU 1 BP 43 EP 43 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 810FF UT WOS:000220689500173 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG Lu, X Tabaku, LS Tsokos, GC Atkins, JL Bentley, TB AF Kiang, JG Lu, X Tabaku, LS Tsokos, GC Atkins, JL Bentley, TB TI Hemorrhage and resuscitation increase caspase-3 activity and alter stress-related gene expression in rat SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 05-08, 2004 CL Halifax, CANADA C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2004 VL 21 SU 2 MA 129 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 826GC UT WOS:000221816300129 ER PT J AU Klemcke, H Delgado, A Holcomb, JB Deguzman, R Scherer, M Cortez, D Uscilowicz, J Macaitis, J Bliss, J Wojtaszczyk, J Christensen, S Currier, H Pusateri, A AF Klemcke, H Delgado, A Holcomb, JB Deguzman, R Scherer, M Cortez, D Uscilowicz, J Macaitis, J Bliss, J Wojtaszczyk, J Christensen, S Currier, H Pusateri, A TI Effect of recombinant FVIIA (rFVIIa) in hypothermic, coagulopathic pigs with liver injuries SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 05-08, 2004 CL Halifax, CANADA C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2004 VL 21 SU 2 MA 131 BP 45 EP 45 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 826GC UT WOS:000221816300131 ER PT J AU Gorbunov, NV Ayyagari, V Atkins, JL Januszkiewicz, A AF Gorbunov, NV Ayyagari, V Atkins, JL Januszkiewicz, A TI Lung inflammatory alterations in animal model of pulmonary injury produced by air shock wave. SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 05-08, 2004 CL Halifax, CANADA C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Atkins, James/B-3577-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2004 VL 21 SU 2 MA 163 BP 55 EP 56 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 826GC UT WOS:000221816300163 ER PT S AU Beissel, SR Gerlach, CA Johnson, GR AF Beissel, SR Gerlach, CA Johnson, GR BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Three-dimensional impact simulations by conversion of finite elements to meshfree particles SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID DYNAMIC DEFORMATION; MESHLESS PARTICLES; ALGORITHM AB The simulation of high-velocity impact and penetration is inhibited by complex material behavior and large deformations. Lagrangian formulations best model complex materials because history-dependent variables and material boundaries are not advected. However, Lagrangian finite elements are limited by large deformations. Recently, meshfree particle methods have been used to avoid such limitations, and have demonstrated greater accuracy than traditional erosion methods (wherein deformed elements are removed). Though the variable connectivity of particles enables them to model large deformations, it requires more computational effort than (fixed-connectivity) elements. Therefore, an algorithm was designed to convert deformed elements to particles,, thus providing the ability to model large deformations where needed, while maintaining the efficiency of elements elsewhere. This combination is essential in three dimensions, where problem size demands efficiency. In this paper, the conversion algorithm is demonstrated for several three-dimensional simulations of high-velocity impact and penetration. C1 USA, HPC Res Ctr, NetworkCS, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RP Beissel, SR (reprint author), USA, HPC Res Ctr, NetworkCS, POB 581459, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. EM sbeissel@networks.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 193 EP 196 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000042 ER PT S AU Scheidler, M AF Scheidler, M BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Universal relations for acceleration wave speeds in nonlinear viscoelastic solids SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB For finite deformations of nonlinear viscoelastic solids, the speed of propagation of acceleration waves (i.e., ramp waves) generally depends not only on the current state of strain at the wave front but also on the prior strain history. Consequently, explicit formulas for the wave speed can be quite complicated. Simple formulas for the wave speed do exist for special classes of materials and/or special deformation histories, and in this regard we consider one-dimensional motions of viscoelastic solids governed by single integral laws. Some of the relations obtained are universal in the sense that they hold for all materials in a given class and do not explicitly involve the relaxation kernel function in the hereditary integral defining these materials. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Scheidler, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM m1schneider@ucsd.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 263 EP 266 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000059 ER PT S AU Wright, TW Schoenfeld, SE Ramesh, KT Wu, XY AF Wright, TW Schoenfeld, SE Ramesh, KT Wu, XY BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Progress in computational models for damage from shear bands and voids SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID DYNAMIC GROWTH AB Computational solid mechanics (CSM) for ballistics, as it exists today, does not have predictive capabilities that are comparable to those of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The most important reason for this is the lack of high quality physical models for the damage and failure processes that occur during high-speed impact. An approach for modeling impact damage in metals, based on physical modeling of adiabatic shear bands and voids, will be presented. Scaling laws for damage from shear bands have been developed over the past decade from detailed analysis of the thermomechanical processes, and are being adapted for efficient use in large-scale computations. A similar approach for ductile void growth and spall has also been initiated. This approach is expected to lead to models that are based on the essence of the physics, rather than on fitting of phenomenological models to large databases. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wright, TW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM tww@arl.army.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 629 EP 632 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000146 ER PT S AU Dandekar, DP AF Dandekar, DP BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI A re-examination of two-step lateral stress history in silicon carbide SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID INELASTIC DEFORMATION; COMPRESSION AB The observed two-step lateral stress history in silicon carbide, SiC-B under plane shock wave propagation [N. K. Bourne, J. Millett, and I. Pickup, J. Appl. Phys. 81, 6019 (1997)] is attributed to a delayed failure in SiC-B due to propagation of a slow moving front traveling behind the main shock wave. According to this attribution, the first lower magnitude, step corresponds to the lateral stress in intact shock compressed silicon carbide as a result of the fast moving plane shock wave. The. second step of higher magnitude, observed after a few hundred nanoseconds, corresponds to the lateral stress in failed silicon carbide due to propagation of the slower moving front. The current analysis, takes into account additional relevant existing results dealing with shock response of SiC-B, and shows that the suggested explanation for the observed phenomenon remains in doubt. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dandekar, DP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM ddandek@arl.a NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 731 EP 734 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000170 ER PT S AU Lanzerotti, Y Capellos, C Travers, B Sharma, J AF Lanzerotti, Y Capellos, C Travers, B Sharma, J BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Mechanical behavior of TNAZ/CAB explosives during high acceleration SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The mechanical behavior of melt-cast TNAZ/CAB (1,3,3-trinitroazetidine/cellulose acetate butyrate) explosives subjected to high acceleration has been studied in an ultracentrifuge at -10degreesC and 25degreesC. Melt-cast TNAZ/CAB was studied as a function of the percentage of the composition of CAB at -10degreesC and 25degreesC. The percentage of CAB in the samples varied from 0.5% to 3%. Failure occurs when the shear or tensile strength of the explosive is exceeded. The fracture acceleration of melt-cast TNAZ/CAB increases with the percentage of CAB in the explosive at both temperatures studied, -10degreesC and 25degreesC. While there is some variation among samples, it is found that the fracture acceleration of melt-cast 99%/1% TNAZ/CAB and melt-cast 99.5%/0.5% TNAZ/CAB at -10degreesC is less than that at 25degreesC. C1 USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Lanzerotti, Y (reprint author), USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM ylanzero@pica.army.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 783 EP 785 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000182 ER PT S AU Meyer, HW Schoenfeld, SE AF Meyer, HW Schoenfeld, SE BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Effects of damage criteria on the onset of penetration SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A variation of a dwell transition experiment in which a tungsten penetrator impacts a steel-confined silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic target [1] is simulated using the Lagrangian code EPIC [2]. The ceramic is modeled with both the Johnson-Holmquist-1 model (M) [3] and the Rajendran-Grove model (RG) [4.5]. With a focus on damage and failure, the performance of each model is examined and the two models compared when predicting the transition from dwell to penetration. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Meyer, HW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 1343 EP 1346 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000314 ER PT S AU Damarla, TR Pham, T Lake, D AF Damarla, TR Pham, T Lake, D BE Kadar, I TI An algorithm for classifying multiple targets using acoustic signatures SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIII CY APR 12-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB In this paper we discuss an algorithm for classification and identification of multiple targets using acoustic signatures. We use a Multi-Variate Gaussian (MVG) classfier for classifying individual targets based on the relative amplitudes of the extracted harmonic set of frequencies. The classifier is trained on high signal-to-noise ratio data for individual targets. In order to classify and further identify each target in a multi-target environment (e.g., a convoy), we first perform bearing tracking and data association. Once the bearings of the targets present are established, we next beamform in the direction of each individual target to spatially isolate it from the other targets (or interferers). Then, we further process and extract a harmonic feature set from each beamformed output. Finally, we apply the MVG classifier on each harmonic feature set for vehicle classification and identification. We present classfication/identfication results for convoys of three to five ground vehicles. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,SA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Damarla, TR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,SA, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5352-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5429 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1117/12.544523 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX37 UT WOS:000224077800042 ER PT S AU Meyer, DJ Bohna, NA Lenahan, PM Lelis, A AF Meyer, DJ Bohna, NA Lenahan, PM Lelis, A BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Spin dependent recombination at deep-level centers in 6H silicon carbide/silicon metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE electron spin resonance; interface states; trapping centers ID SURFACE; VACANCY; 4H; RADIATION; INTERFACE AB We utilize a particularly sensitive form of electron spin resonance (ESR) called spin dependent recombination (SDR) to observe deep level trap defects at or very near the interface of 6H silicon carbide and the SiO2 gate dielectric in SiC MOSFETs. We find that the SDR response is strongly correlated to SiC/SiO2 interface recombination currents and also find that the magnitude of the SDR response is correlated with processing induced changes in interface trap density, an extremely strong indication that we are observing the dominating interface/near interface trapping defects. The SDR response is extremely large, as large as one part in 350. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest SDR response ever reported in a semiconductor device at room temperature. This result strongly indicates that SDR will be a powerful tool in exploring deep level defect centers in SiC based devices. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Meyer, DJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 477 EP 480 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200111 ER PT S AU Jones, KA Zheleva, TS Kulkarni, VN Ervin, MH Derenge, MA Vispute, RD AF Jones, KA Zheleva, TS Kulkarni, VN Ervin, MH Derenge, MA Vispute, RD BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Structural defects formed in Al-implanted and annealed 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE silicon carbide; implantation; aluminum; silicon; defects ID ALUMINUM AB We show that the degree of irreversible structural damage of samples implanted to 1019 cm(-3) is much less than that measured in samples implanted to 10(20) cm(-3). The RBS/channeling chi(min) is 4.95 for the samples annealed at 1400, 1500, and 1600degreesC and drops to 2.0 for the 1700degreesC anneal. TEM shows that small extended defects are present in. There are fewer of them at the higher annealing temperatures, although they are larger, and they are concentrated closer to the surface. HREM shows the extended defects are structural and appear to be stacking faults or dislocations. C1 USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, SEDD, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 889 EP 892 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200211 ER PT S AU Jones, KA Zheleva, TS Ervin, MH Shah, PB Derenge, MA Gerardi, G Freitas, JA Vispute, RD AF Jones, KA Zheleva, TS Ervin, MH Shah, PB Derenge, MA Gerardi, G Freitas, JA Vispute, RD BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Activation of implanted Al and co-implanted Al/C or Al/Si in 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE silicon carbide; Al-implantation; Si and C co-implantation; defects AB We report on 4H-SiC samples implanted with Al, Al and C or Al and Si. Annealing was done using (BN)AlN caps. Sheet resistance measurements suggest that, at low annealing temperatures, implanted C facilitates the incorporation of Al into Si sites while Si impedes it. For annealing temperatures above 1600degreesC, the activation energy for these reactions is no longer the rate determining step and co-implantation has little effect. Optical measurements show that the peak near 3.0 eV, associated with free electrons recombining with an Al-bound hole, decreases as the annealing temperature increases. This suggests that defects are trapping out the hole. This can explain the lower mobility, lower electrical activation and our inability to detect the EPR peak associated with Al-Si in these heavily implanted samples. Finally, RBS and TEM measurements suggest that these defects are extended residual defects that nucleate and grow, as opposed to being annealed out, and that they could be stacking faults. C1 USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. William Paterson Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, SEDD, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 929 EP 932 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200221 ER PT S AU Agarwal, A Ryu, SH Capell, C Richmond, J Palmour, J Bartlow, H Chow, P Scozzie, S Tipton, W Baynes, T Jones, K AF Agarwal, A Ryu, SH Capell, C Richmond, J Palmour, J Bartlow, H Chow, P Scozzie, S Tipton, W Baynes, T Jones, K BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI SiCBJT technology for power switching and RF applications SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE BJT; power; UHF; RF; switching ID BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS AB In this paper high voltage NPN bipolar junction transistors (BJT) in 4H-SiC are presented for applications in low frequency switching as well as in UHF (425 MHz) power amplifiers. The power 2 BJTs were designed to block 1400 V and showed a specific on-resistance of 5.3 mohm-cm(2). Moreover, these transistors show a positive temperature coefficient in the on-resistance and a negative temperature coefficient in the current gain, which enable easy paralleling of the devices. In addition, RF BJTs were designed, fabricated and tested for operation at UHF frequencies. Three cells were measured in common emitter (CE) mode with a collector supply voltage of 80 V in class AB at 425 MHz. A 100 mus pulse width with 10% duty cycle was used. A maximum output power of 150 W was achieved. This represents the first practical demonstration of a SiC RF BJT. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. Cree Microwave, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Agarwal, A (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 1141 EP 1144 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200272 ER PT S AU Zhao, JH Zhang, J Alexandrov, P Burke, T AF Zhao, JH Zhang, J Alexandrov, P Burke, T BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI A high voltage (1570V) 4H-SiC bipolar Darlington with current gain beta > 640 and tested in a half-bridge inverter up to 20A at V-Bus=900V SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE Bipolar junction transistors (BJTs); Darlington; silicon carbide; power transistors ID JUNCTION TRANSISTORS AB This paper reports the design, fabrication and characterization of a 4H-SiC bipolar Darlington transistor with both high common emitter current gain and high blocking voltage. The driving and output transistors were and fabricated on the same chip with a 12mum, 8.5x10(15)cm(-3) doped drift layer. The Darlington's driving transistor was capable of 1,600V and 5.3A with a maximum DC current gain beta(1)=26 at a collector current I-C1=3.12A (J(C1)=260A/cm(2)) and V-CE1=4.2V, and a specific on-resistance (R-SP_(ON)) of 12.2mOmega(.)cm(2) for currents up to I-C1=3.65A (J(C1)=304A/cm(2)) and V-CE1=3.7V. The output transistor can handle over 23A and a blocking voltage higher than 1600V with a peak DC current gain beta(2)=22.3 at I-C2=15.7A (J(C2)=262A/cm(2)) and V-CE2=4.54V, and an R-SP_(ON) of 16.7mOmega(.)cm(2) for currents up to I-C2=18A (J(C2)=300A/cm(2)) and V-CE2=4.1V. The maximum AC current gain of the hybrid BJT Darlington at room temperature was >640. The DC current gain at room temperature was found to increase with the collector current, up to 462 at I-C=13.9A (J(C2)similar to232A/cm(2)) and V-CE2=10.6V, limited only by the measurement instrument. The Darlington can block voltages up to 1571V, conduct an I-C of 14A at V-F=7.7V and has a differential R-SP_(ON) of 16.7mOmega(.)cm(2) at J(C2) up to over 240A/cm(2) (I-C=14.4A). Inductively-loaded half-bridge inverter switching is also reported at 900V-20A. C1 Rutgers State Univ, ECE Dept, SiCLAB, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. United Silicon Carbide Inc, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Zhao, JH (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, ECE Dept, SiCLAB, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 1169 EP 1172 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200279 ER PT S AU Zhao, JH Zhang, J Alexandrov, P Li, X Burke, T AF Zhao, JH Zhang, J Alexandrov, P Li, X Burke, T BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI A high voltage (1,750V) and high current gain (beta=24.8) 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistor using a thin (12 mu m) drift layer SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE Bipolar junction transistors (BJTs); silicon carbide; power transistors AB This paper reports the first, near theoretical limit breakdown voltage (1,750V) 4H-SiC BJTs with both high DC current gain(24.8) and low specific on-resistance (8.4mOmega(.)cm(2) at 50A/cm(2) and 12mOmega(.)cm(2) at 356A/cm(2)) based on a drift layer of only 12mum, doped to 8.5x10(15)cm(-3). The high performance is achieved through the use of an optimum single-step junction termination extension (JTE), Al-free base Ohmic contact and wet-oxygen low-temperature re-oxidation annealing. Detailed processing conditions are reported. Room temperature and high temperature current-voltage characteristics are also reported. C1 Rutgers State Univ, ECE Dept, SiCLAB, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. United Silicon Carbide Inc, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Zhao, JH (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, ECE Dept, SiCLAB, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 1173 EP 1176 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200280 ER PT S AU Wang, W Banerjee, S Chow, TP Gutmann, RJ Issacs-Smith, T Williams, J Jones, KA Lelis, A Tipton, W Scozzie, S Agarwal, A AF Wang, W Banerjee, S Chow, TP Gutmann, RJ Issacs-Smith, T Williams, J Jones, KA Lelis, A Tipton, W Scozzie, S Agarwal, A BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Interface properties of 4H-SiC/SiO2 with MOS capacitors and FETs annealed in O-2, N2O, NO and CO2 SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE 4H-SiC; interface traps; anneal; field-effect mobility; Hall measurements ID SILICON-CARBIDE AB This paper studies comparatively the effect of annealing in O-2, N2O, NO and CO2 on interfacial electrical properties of 4H-SiC/SiO2 using MOS capacitors and FETs. From the capacitors, interface trap density (D-it) have been extracted and the NO-annealed sample shows the least D-it while the CO2 annealed sample also shows less D-it than both dry O-2 and N2O samples near the conduction band edge. Extracted from lateral MOSFETs, the Hall mobility is essentially the same (similar to60 cm(2)/V.s) among dry O-2, CO2, and NO samples. The main difference is the inversion electron concentration, which is at least an order of magnitude less in the dry O-2 and CO2 samples. This infers that a high density of interfacial traps is responsible for the lower field-effect mobility. The inversion layer field-effect mobility of CO2 annealed sample is similar to that of dry O-2 (similar to5 cm(2)/V.s) sample and less than that of the NO annealed sample (similar to25 cm(2)/V.s). C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36894 USA. USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Wang, W (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 1309 EP 1312 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200311 ER PT J AU Killgore, WD Braun, AR Belenky, G Wesensten, NJ Balkin, TJ AF Killgore, WD Braun, AR Belenky, G Wesensten, NJ Balkin, TJ TI Regional cerebral metabolic correlates of electroencephalographic activity during stage-2 and slow wave sleep: An H215OPET study SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NIH, Voice Speech & Language Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 050 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400052 ER PT J AU Minzhong, Y Russo, M Johnson, D Kamimori, G AF Minzhong, Y Russo, M Johnson, D Kamimori, G TI Oculomotor measures over 30-hours of continuous wake with and without caffeine SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Aircrew Hlth & Performance, Ft Rucker, AL USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 303 BP 138 EP 139 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400305 ER PT J AU Russo, M Sing, H Kendall, A Johnson, D Santiago, S Escolas, S Holland, D Thorne, D Hall, S Redmond, D AF Russo, M Sing, H Kendall, A Johnson, D Santiago, S Escolas, S Holland, D Thorne, D Hall, S Redmond, D TI Visual perception and simulated flight performance impairments in pilots during continuous wakefulness of 26 hours are correlated SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Aircrew Hlth & Performance, Ft Rucker, AL USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. USAF, McGuire AFB, NJ USA. MRMC, Frederick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 304 BP 139 EP 139 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400306 ER PT J AU LaJambe, C Kamimori, G Belenky, G Balkin, T AF LaJambe, C Kamimori, G Belenky, G Balkin, T TI Caffeine effects on recovery sleep following total sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 325 BP 148 EP 149 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400327 ER PT J AU Belenky, G Kamimori, GH Johnson, DE McLellan, T AF Belenky, G Kamimori, GH Johnson, DE McLellan, T TI The effectiveness of caffeinated gum on psychomotor vigilance during a 30 hour field study SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Def R&D Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 342 BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400344 ER PT J AU Johnson, DE Kamimori, GH Bell, D Smith, I McLellan, T AF Johnson, DE Kamimori, GH Bell, D Smith, I McLellan, T TI Repeated administrations of caffeinated gum and the effects on psychomotor vigilance during sustained wakefulness SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Def R&D Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 345 BP 158 EP 158 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400347 ER PT J AU Kamimori, GH Johnson, DE Balkin, TJ AF Kamimori, GH Johnson, DE Balkin, TJ TI The effect of caffeinated gum on psychomotor vigilance in high versus low caffeine consumers SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 347 BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400349 ER PT J AU Miller, NL Shattuck, LG Miller, DB Clarke, J Neverosky, D AF Miller, NL Shattuck, LG Miller, DB Clarke, J Neverosky, D TI Sleep patterns of incoming cadets at the United States Military Academy SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 351 BP 160 EP 161 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400353 ER PT J AU Eliasson, AH Yacoub, M Taylor, Y Andrada, T Kristo, D AF Eliasson, AH Yacoub, M Taylor, Y Andrada, T Kristo, D TI Pattern of use and utility of actigraphy in a sleep disorders center SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 782 BP 350 EP 350 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400784 ER PT J AU Russo, M Vo, A Black, I Perry, E Labutta, R Redmond, D AF Russo, M Vo, A Black, I Perry, E Labutta, R Redmond, D TI Actigraphy detects microvibration life signs patterns in a patient transitioning from coma to death SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USA, Aircrew Hlth & Performance, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 797 BP 357 EP 357 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400799 ER PT J AU Kristo, DA Eliasson, A Bigott, T Glass, K Alkins, S Griffin, C Andrada, T AF Kristo, DA Eliasson, A Bigott, T Glass, K Alkins, S Griffin, C Andrada, T TI Polysomnogram interpretation: A comparison of trained versus untrained physicians SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 834 BP 373 EP 373 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400836 ER PT S AU Alexander, TA Pellegrino, P Gillespie, JB AF Alexander, TA Pellegrino, P Gillespie, JB BE Cullum, BM TI Near-infrared Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering (SERS) mediated discrimination of single, optically trapped, bacterial spores SO SMART MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Medical and Biomedical Sensor Technology CY OCT 28-29, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE DE optical tweezer; Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering; bacterial spore ID PARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; CELLS; MANIPULATION; TWEEZERS; COLLOIDS AB A novel methodology has been developed for the investigation of bacterial spores. Specifically, this method has been used to probe the spore coat composition of two different Bacillus stearothermophilus variants. This technique may be useful in many applications; most notably, development of novel detection schemes toward potentially harmful bacteria. This method would also be useful as an ancillary environmental monitoring system where sterility is of importance (i.e., food preparation areas as well as invasive and minimally invasive medical applications). This unique detection scheme is based on the near-infrared (NIR) Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering (SERS) from single, optically trapped, bacterial spores. The SERS spectra of bacterial spores in aqueous media have been measured using SERS substrates based on similar to60-nm diameter gold colloids bound to 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane derivatized glass. The light from a 787-nm laser diode was used to trap/manipulate as well as simultaneously excite the SERS of an individual bacterial spore. The collected SERS spectra were examined for uniqueness and the applicability of this technique for the strain discrimination of Bacillus stearothennophilus spores. Comparison of normal Raman and SERS spectra reveal not only an enhancement of the normal Raman spectral features but also the appearance of spectral features absent in the normal Raman spectrum. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Alexander, TA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5150-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5261 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1117/12.520996 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY85U UT WOS:000189479900018 ER PT S AU Alexander, TA Wickenden, AE AF Alexander, TA Wickenden, AE BE Cullum, BM TI Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) engineered nanostructures for biosensing SO SMART MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Medical and Biomedical Sensor Technology II CY OCT 25-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc DE optical tweezer; Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering. ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLES; CELLS; MANIPULATION; TWEEZERS; COLLOIDS; TRAP AB Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering (SERS) is potentially a very sensitive spectroscopic technique for the detection of biological agents (i.e., proteins, viruses or bacteria). However, since initial reports, its utility has not been realized. Its limited acceptance as a routine analysis technique for biological agents is largely due to the lack of reproducible SERS-active substrates. Most established SERS substrate fabrication schemes are based on self-assembly of the metallic (typically, Au, Ag, Pt, Pd or Cu) particles responsible for enhancement. Further, these protocols do not lend themselves to the stringent control over the enhancing feature shape, size, and placement on a nanometer scale. SERS can be made a more robust and attractive spectroscopic technique for biological agents by developing quantifiable, highly sensitive, and highly selective SERS-active substrates. Electron Beam Lithography (EBL), a semiconductor fabrication technique, can be utilized to address many of the obstacles which have limited the broad acceptance of SERS. Specifically, EBL can be employed to precisely control the shape, size and position (on a nanometer scale) of the SERS substrate enhancing features. Since Ashkin's seminal work in the early 1970s, the optical trapping phenomenon has been broadly accepted as a powerful tool to study micrometer-scale biological particles. Recently, research in our laboratory has demonstrated that it is possible to combine the Optical Trapping phenomenon and SERS to develop a high sensitivity spectroscopic technique for the detection of individual bacterial spores. Highly reproducible SERS-active substrates fabricated using EBL have been utilized with this novel spectroscopic technique to investigate the utility of SERS technique for the spectral discrimination of bacterial spores. The SERS substrate fabrication methodology, substrate reproducibility and SERS spectral reproducibility will be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Alexander, TA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,EO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5541-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5588 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1117/12.571474 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Medical Laboratory Technology GA BBM95 UT WOS:000226252000009 ER PT S AU Mackie, DM Sumner, JJ Stratis-Cullum, TD AF Mackie, DM Sumner, JJ Stratis-Cullum, TD BE Cullum, BM TI Organism-hardware interface via molecular-scale gates SO SMART MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Medical and Biomedical Sensor Technology II CY OCT 25-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc DE detection; pathogen; DNA; hybridize; electrochemistry; gate; O-HI; chitosan; folding; tether ID DNA HYBRIDIZATION; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; WEB SERVER; ELECTRODES; CHITOSAN; SURFACE AB Interfacing organisms and hardware is a promising and challenging research frontier. The threat of biological weapons and the rising cost of health care have pushed detection of pathogens and their toxins to the forefront of that frontier. Both the military and the civilian sectors require that this detection be fast, accurate, sensitive, and inexpensive. We describe an electrochemical detection method that relies upon "molecular-scale gates" capable of being activated by a biological agent. We discuss our most recent experimental and modeling results, which take into account DNA folding and introduce the concept of tethering to boost the detection signal. Preliminary results show dramatic and specific recognition of target molecules. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mackie, DM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5541-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5588 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.570458 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Medical Laboratory Technology GA BBM95 UT WOS:000226252000013 ER PT S AU Miles, C Bankowski, EN AF Miles, C Bankowski, EN BE Liu, SC TI Embedded diagnostics in combat systems SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2004: SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2004 Conference CY MAR 15-18, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Expt Mech, Boeing Co, Journal Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada DE prognostics; diagnostics; embedded systems AB Diagnostics capability of combat systems shall be compatible with the Army Diagnostic Improvement Program. Present systems are capable of performing health monitoring and health checks using internal embedded resources. They employ standard sensors and data busses that monitor data signals and built-in test (BIT). These devices provide a comprehensive source of data to accomplish an accurate system level diagnostics and fault isolation at line replaceable unit (LRU) level. Prognostics routines provide capability to identify the cause of predicted failure and corrective action to prevent unscheduled maintenance action. Combat system's health status and prognostic information are displayed to operator, crew, and maintenance personnel. Present systems use common data/information interchange network in accordance with standards defined in the Joint Technical Architecture (JTA) to provide access to vehicle's health data. The technologies utilized in present systems include embedded diagnostics, combat maintainer, schematic viewer, etc. Implementation of these technologies significantly reduced maintenance hours of combat systems. Health monitoring, diagnostics and prognostics of future systems will utilize federated software and probes approach. Gauges will determine if the system operates within acceptable performance bands by monitoring data provided by the probes. Health monitoring system will use models of missions to make intelligent choices considering tasks criticality. C1 USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Miles, C (reprint author), USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5308-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5391 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.532880 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BAV23 UT WOS:000223716400017 ER PT J AU Ringelberg, DB Reynolds, CM AF Ringelberg, DB Reynolds, CM TI Microbial community composition near depleted uranium impact points SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE depleted uranium (DU); munitions; ester-linked polar lipid fatty acids (PLFA); microbial community composition ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; HEAVY-METALS; SELECTIVE ACCUMULATION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS; HEXAVALENT URANIUM; FATTY-ACIDS; MICROORGANISMS; REDUCTION; DIVERSITY AB Military training activities can result in the deposition of depleted uranium (DU) into surface soils. Mechanisms of introduction include the generation of dust from firing and impact as well as the eventual corrosion of projectile fragments and unexploded ordnance. Microorganisms in surface soils have the potential to affect the transport of DU by direct binding of the metal to the cell surface, by altering nearfield soil chemistry that affects metal solubility, and by microbially influenced corrosion. We investigated the response (in terms of community composition) of a native soil microbiota to the presence of DU in an and environment. Bacteria in soils outside of the test area were challenged in dilute media with "yellow cake" or U3O8. At concentrations of 200 to 20,000 mg L-1 only species of Bacillus were identified. In situ characterizations (by PLFA analysis) of exposed site soils showed an enrichment in sulfate reducing bacterial (i17:1w7c up 39%) and Bacillus species (a15:0 tip 35%) biomarkers. Three types of microbial communities were defined (as PLFA profiles) using exploratory statistics and related to three different levels of DU exposure. The community types were then statistically, corresponded to site soil chemistry. Observed differences in site soil chemistry were attributed to munitions firing since enrichments (unexposed to exposed) were, observed in the minerals magnesium (increase of similar to18 mg kg(-1)), potassium (increase of similar to46 mg kg(-1)) and sulfur (increase of similar to12 mg kg(-1)), all constituents of munitions residues. Increased concentrations of these minerals corresponded with a community ope that was associated with an area of extensive DU round use. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Erdc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Ringelberg, DB (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Erdc, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM David.B.Ringelberg@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 563 EP 577 DI 10.1080/15320380490897669 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872XI UT WOS:000225242300004 ER PT J AU Mitra, S Rao, MV Jones, KA AF Mitra, S Rao, MV Jones, KA TI Transconductance frequency dispersion measurements on fully implanted 4H-SiC MESFETs SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID GAAS-MESFETS; TRANSISTORS; TRAPS AB Transconductance frequency dispersion measurements were performed on fully implanted MESFETs made on bulk semi-insulating 4H-SiC to observe bulk, as well as surface, traps in the channel region. A 30% reduction in the transconductance was observed by increasing the frequencies from 0.1 Hz to 10 MHz. Five traps were recorded in this study. Bulk traps observed at 0.52 and 0.65 eV in the gated channel region, which were also seen in the capacitance-DLTS study, are believed to be due to the nitrogen implant-defect complex and vanadium deep donor dopant, respectively. Surface traps of the ungated channel region between the source and gate and gate and drain were observed at 0.18, 0.3 and 0.4 eV. The trap at 0.4 eV has shown an upward transconductance dispersion behavior with increasing frequency, whereas all the remaining four traps have shown a downward frequency dispersion behavior. The origins of the surface traps are not known at this time. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, MSN 1G5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, MSN 1G5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00269-7 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 751DZ UT WOS:000187038700021 ER PT J AU Phillips, BW Johnston, CE AF Phillips, BW Johnston, CE TI Changes in the fish assemblage of Bear Creek (Tennessee River Drainage) Alabama and mississippi: 1968-2000 SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; STREAM; RESERVOIR; FAUNA; CONSTRUCTION; HABITAT AB Since a comprehensive fish survey in 1968, four impoundments have been constructed in the Bear, Creek (Tennessee River drainage) watershed in Alabama (Wall 1968). Data from this original study were compared to a recent survey in order to determine if any changes in fish species composition had occurred during the approximately 30 year time period. A comparison of similarity for 44 collections showed low similarity between the two surveys for a large percentage of sites visited (86% for Jaccard's Similarity and 62% for Morisita Similarity). Sites with low similarity between survey dates were typically associated with impoundments. Most species missing in the recent survey include species considered sensitive, such as cyprinids and percids. Species that have increased since 1968 include centrarchids, a group typically tolerant of impoundment and environmental change. Virtually all fish species composition differences indicate a less pristine fish assemblage in the more contemporary survey, suggesting that recent factors have had a negative effect on the fish assemblage of Bear Creek. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USA, Nat Resources Div, Directorate Environm & Safety, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Johnston, CE (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cjohnsto@ace.sag.auburn.edu NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 205 EP 218 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2004)003[0205:CITFAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839SA UT WOS:000222804000002 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of 1,6-dicarba-closo-hexaborane(6) SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; METAL-PROMOTED REACTIONS; CLOSO-CARBORANES C2B3H5; BORON HYDRIDES; POLYHEDRAL CARBORANES; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; 1,6-C2B4H6; BORANES AB The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of 1,6-dicarba-closo-hexaborane(6) are examined theoretically using the GAUSSIAN98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of six types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (B-B stretch, B-C stretch, B-H stretch, C-H stretch, B-H bend, and C-H bend) utilizing the D-4h symmetry of the molecule. The vibrational modes of the naturally isotopically substituted (1-B-10, 2-B-10 3-B-10, and 4-B-10) forms of 1,6-dicarba-closo-hexaborane(6) were also calculated and compared against experimental data. A complex pattern of frequency shifts and splittings is revealed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S1386-1425(03)00182-3 PG 20 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 759RK UT WOS:000187750500008 PM 14670462 ER PT J AU Gilliam, SJ Jensen, JO Banerjee, A Zeroka, D Kirkby, SJ Merrow, CN AF Gilliam, SJ Jensen, JO Banerjee, A Zeroka, D Kirkby, SJ Merrow, CN TI A theoretical and experimental study of Sb4O6: vibrational analysis, infrared, and Raman spectra SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE vibrational spectra; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; antimony trioxide; theory; SbZO(3); Sb4O6 ID COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; SB2O3; P4O6; REFINEMENT; ARSENOLITE; PHOSPHATE AB The first ab initio theoretical study of tetraantimony hexoxide (Sb4O6) is reported. The normal mode frequencies, intensities, and the corresponding vibrational assignments of Sb4O6 in Td symmetry were calculated using the GAUSSIAN 98 set of quantum chemistry codes at the Hartree-Fock (HF)/CEP-121G, Moller-Plesset (MP2)/CEP-121G, and density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP/CEP-121G levels of theory. By comparison to experimental data deduced by our laboratory and others, correction factors for the calculated vibrational frequencies were determined and compared. Normal modes were decomposed into three non-redundant motions (Sb-O-Sb stretch, Sb-O-Sb bend, and Sb-O-Sb wag). Percent relative errors found for the HF, DFT, and MP2 corrected frequencies when compared to experiment are 5.8, 6.1, and 5.7 cm(-1). respectively. Electron distributions for selected molecular orbitals are also considered. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB RRT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 142 Schrenk Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM gilliam@umr.edu; james.jensen@sbccom.apgea.army.mil; ajit.banerjee@sbccom.apgea.army.mil; dz00@lehigh.edu; skirkby@umr.edu; merrow@umr.edu NR 43 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1-2 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1016/S1386-1425(03)00245-2 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 759RK UT WOS:000187750500055 PM 14670509 ER PT J AU Kennedy, A Long, CJ Hmel, PJ Hicks, R Reid, TJ AF Kennedy, A Long, CJ Hmel, PJ Hicks, R Reid, TJ TI The association of dimethylsulfoxide and model membranes studied by pulse-field gradient NMR SO SPECTROSCOPY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Spectroscopy CY JUL 05-08, 2003 CL London, ENGLAND ID SELF-DIFFUSION MEASUREMENTS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; MULTILAMELLAR VESICLES; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; X-RAY; SPECTROSCOPY; CRYOPRESERVATION; SCATTERING; VOLUME AB The use of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotectant to reduce cellular injury during freezing is well known, however the intermolecular interactions between this amphiphilic molecule and biological membranes that form the basis of this protection are unknown. DMSO-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) vesicle interactions were investigated in pulsed-field gradient NMR (PFGNMR) experiments and spectra analysis allowed for the determination of self-diffusion coefficients for each species present. The mole fraction of DMSO associated with the DPPC vesicles was then calculated from the diffusion coefficients: the mole fraction increased from 14% to 42% as the membrane was heated from below to above the main phase transition temperature. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kennedy, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM anthony.kennedy@na.amedd.army.mil OI Kennedy, Anthony/0000-0002-0908-3020 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0712-4813 J9 SPECTROSC-INT J JI Spectr.-Int. J. PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 SI SI BP 265 EP 269 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA 827AE UT WOS:000221869800016 ER PT J AU Polly, DW Potter, BK Kuklo, T Young, S Johnson, C Klemme, WR AF Polly, DW Potter, BK Kuklo, T Young, S Johnson, C Klemme, WR TI Volumetric spinal canal intrusion - A comparison between thoracic pedicle screws and thoracic hooks SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE thoracic pedicle screws; thoracic laminar hooks; thoracic pedicle hooks; spinal fusion complications ID IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS; RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT; MORPHOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; INTERNAL-FIXATION; LUMBAR VERTEBRAE; INSTRUMENTATION; PLACEMENT; THORACOLUMBAR; ACCURACY; ANATOMY AB Study Design. A computer- aided design analysis. Objectives. To introduce the concept of volumetric spinal canal intrusion and report the relative intrusion volumes for thoracic pedicle screws compared to thoracic laminar and pedicle hooks. Summary of Background Data. Thoracic pedicle screws are being used more frequently; however, there is concern about neurologic risk from medial misplacement. The accepted alternative to screws is hooks. Laminar and pedicle hooks also have significant obligatory spinal canal intrusion. To date, there have been no comparison studies. Methods. Volumetric analysis of canal intrusion of pedicle screws and hooks was performed by computer-aided design CAM. All implants were of a single product line by a single manufacturer ( CD Horizon M8, Medtronic Sofamor Danek). Intrusion of pedicle screws with medial positioning was analyzed in 0.5- mm increments, including a calculation of the " screw shadow," representing additional space not available for the spinal cord between screw threads and lateral to a medially positioned screw with intrusion greater than the screw radius. The length of screw intrusion was determined from postoperative CT scans in patients with thoracic pedicle screw instrumentation. All hook styles were analyzed. The volume of the footplate in line with the dorsal surface of the footplate was considered the intruding volume for laminar hooks, with increasing offset in 0.25- mm increments to representimperfect fit. Half of the volume of the footplate was considered to be the intruding volume for pedicle hooks since a properly positioned pedicle hook straddles the pedicle. Results. Volumetric intrusion for a 4.5- mm screw ranged from 2.2 mm(3) ( 0.5 mm medial perforation) to 83.4 mm(3) ( 3.0 mm perforation). For a 5.5- mm screw, intrusion volume range was from 1.3 mm(3) to 83.2 mm(3). Accounting for the " screw shadow," the volumetric intrusion was 9.83 mm(3) to 116.3 mm(3) and 10.88 mm(3) to 134.89 mm(3), respectively. Hook volumetric intrusion ranged from 21.15 mm(3) for a pediatric narrow- blade ramped pedicle hook to 113.9 mm(3) for a wide- blade laminar hook with 1.0 mm of step- off. Conclusions. A 4.5- mm or 5.5- mm thoracic pedicle screw must have a medial perforation of greater than or equal to 1.5 mm to have the same volumetric spinal canal intrusion as a pediatric narrow- blade pedicle hook, the smallest hook footplate. Further, the medial violation must be > 3 mm to approach the same volumetric intrusion as the largest hook. Accounting for the " screw shadow," a thoracic pedicle screw must have a medial perforation of > 2 mm to approach the same intrusion volume as a standard pedicle hook. In the absence of direct neural injury, this explains the clinical finding of medial perforation of up to 4 mm without neurologic compromise. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Medtron Sofamor Danek, Memphis, TN USA. RP Polly, DW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM david.polly@unm.edu NR 32 TC 47 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1097/01.BRS.0000105525.06564.56 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 800PE UT WOS:000220039400012 PM 14699278 ER PT B AU Wraback, M Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Shen, H AF Wraback, M Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Shen, H BE Buckley, DN Chang, PC Fox, PD Chan, WK Shiojima, K TI Time-resolved optical studies of nitride semiconductors for ultraviolet light emitters SO STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS XL (SOTAPOCS XL) AND NARROW BANDGAP OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES II SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors (SOTAPOCS XL)/2nd Narrow Bandgap Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Symposium CY MAY 09-14, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Electrochem Soc, Electron Div ID AL(X)GA1-XN ALLOYS; EMITTING-DIODES; ALGAN ALLOYS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; INXALYGA1-X-YN; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; LAYERS AB Femtosecond time-resolved reflectivity and luminescence downconversion techniques have been employed in the study of carrier localization and recombination in III-nitride bulk semiconductors and active regions for ultraviolet light emitters. In AlGaN, trapping and nonradiative recombination related to the interplay of shallow and deep states associated with alloy fluctuations and structural defects, respectively, have been studied as a function of both Al content and defect density. The effect of indium incorporation on carrier trapping at localized states and radiative efficiency has also been investigated. Finally, the importance of these issues for AlGaN and InAlGaN quantum wells are addressed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,SE,EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-407-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2004 VL 2004 IS 2 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAH42 UT WOS:000222222800002 ER PT S AU Kirsch, JC Jones, BK Johnson, JL Chenault, D Kleinberger, I Kleinberger, P Goldberg, H Mantinband, JY Jones, M AF Kirsch, JC Jones, BK Johnson, JL Chenault, D Kleinberger, I Kleinberger, P Goldberg, H Mantinband, JY Jones, M BE Woods, AJ Merritt, JO Benton, SA Bolas, MT TI Implementation Issues for the full-time, full-resolution stereoscopic 3D flat-panel display SO STEREOSCOPIC DISPLAYS AND VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEMS XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XI CY JAN 19-22, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE stereoscopic display; polarization; liquid crystal panel AB The proliferation of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) has resulted in a need for the capability to see the operational environment in stereo. In a previous paper the theoretical underpinnings for new types of stereoscopic and autostereoscopic flat-panel displays with full-time, full-resolution images (i.e., no temporal multiplexing and no spatial multiplexing) were presented. Recently, a stereoscopic prototype has been constructed at the U.S. Army Aviation & Missile RDEC and testing is underway. The research presented here describes the application of two liquid crystal displays (LCD) sandwiched together to form a compact, rugged stereoscopic display. Polarized glasses are used to view the image in stereo. The prototype provides a full-time, full-resolution stereoscopic 3D display in a package slightly thicker, but no larger, than the standard liquid crystal display used in laptop computers. The LCDs have been characterized using a Stokes vector polarimeter. The characterization results were very interesting and led to some changes in the encoding algorithms. Significant improvements in the display quality were achieved through these adaptations. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Kirsch, JC (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5194-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5291 BP 377 EP 388 DI 10.1117/12.530054 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAH95 UT WOS:000222342300041 ER PT J AU Antedomenico, E Singh, NN Zagorski, SM Dwyer, K Chung, MH AF Antedomenico, E Singh, NN Zagorski, SM Dwyer, K Chung, MH TI Laparoscopic repair of a right paraduodenal hernia SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE internal hernia; paraduodenal hernia; mesocolic hernia; retroperitoneal hernia; laparoscopic ID SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT AB Background: Laparoscopic repair of a right paraduodenal hernia has never been described in the literature. A 24-year-old woman was admitted after 2 weeks of intermittent abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. Physical examination was normal. Laboratory studies and upper endoscopy were normal. Computed tomography revealed that the small bowel was on the right side of the abdomen and the colon on the left, suspicious for malrotation. Subsequent upper gastrointestinal series with small bowel follow-through revealed the ligament of Treitz on the right with the small bowel encased within a probable hernia sac. A presumptive diagnosis of a right paraduodenal hernia was made. Methods and Results: Initial access was obtained with a 10-mm infraumbilical port followed by placement of 5-mm ports in the right and left upper and lower quadrants. The duodenum was identified and the small bowel was found encased within a hernia sac, which was opened widely from the duodenum to the pelvis. The hernia sac was opened laterally to avoid injury to the superior mesenteric vessels. The small bowel was then released from the sac into the peritoneal cavity. The entire bowel was inspected and no other abnormalities were noted. The patient had resolution of her abdominal pain and her postoperative course was uncomplicated. She was discharged home on postoperative day 3 and has since done exceptionally well. Conclusions: Paraduodenal hernia, a rare cause of small bowel obstruction, can present a diagnostic challenge. However, when the diagnosis is made preoperatively, a laparoscopic repair is a feasible and practical option. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96759 USA. RP Antedomenico, E (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96759 USA. EM elena.antedomenico@amedd.army.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC JI Surg. Endosc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 DI 10.1007/s00464-003-4516-2 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 807UY UT WOS:000220527600038 ER PT S AU Vorontsov, MA Kolosov, V AF Vorontsov, MA Kolosov, V BE Valley, MT Vorontsov, MA TI Analysis of wave propagation and wavefront sensing in target-in-the-loop beam control systems SO TARGET-IN-THE-LOOP: ATMOSPHERIC TRACKING, IMAGING, AND COMPENSATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target-in-the-Loop - Atmospheric Tracking, Imaging and Compensation CY AUG 04-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; wavefront sensing; atmospheric turbulence; laser beam propagation; wave scattering ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; SPECKLE; COMPENSATION; OPTIMIZATION; TELESCOPE; MEDIA; LIGHT AB Target-in-the-loop (TIL) wave propagation geometry represents perhaps the most challenging case for adaptive optics applications that are related with maximization of irradiance power density on extended remotely located surfaces in the presence of dynamically changing refractive index inhomogeneities; in the propagation medium. We introduce a TIL propagation model that uses a combination of the parabolic equation describing outgoing wave propagation, and the equation describing evolution of the mutual intensity function (MIF) for the backscattered (returned) wave. The resulting evolution equation for the MIF is further simplified by the use of the smooth refractive index approximation. This approximation enables derivation of the transport equation for the returned wave brightness function, analyzed here using method characteristics (brightness function trajectories). The equations for the brightness function trajectories (ray equations) can be efficiently integrated numerically. We also consider wavefront sensors that perform sensing of speckle-averaged characteristics of the wavefront phase (TIL sensors). Analysis of the wavefront phase reconstructed from Shack-Hartmann TIL sensor measurements shows that an extended target introduces a phase modulation (target-induced phase) that cannot be easily separated from the atmospheric turbulence-related phase aberrations. We also show that wavefront sensing results depend on the extended target shape, surface roughness, and the outgoing beam intensity distribution on the target surface. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5490-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5552 BP 5 EP 28 DI 10.1117/12.561447 PG 24 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ23 UT WOS:000225751300002 ER PT S AU Gonda, T Polsen, E Jones, J Dowd, L Holm, D Wheeler, R AF Gonda, T Polsen, E Jones, J Dowd, L Holm, D Wheeler, R BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Using simulation to determine the signature data distribution of a given CASTFOREM scenario SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS X: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds X CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared modeling; CASTFOREM; signature; IR signature; Delta-T; simulation AB A segment of the modeling and simulation community and key decision makers still hold to the misconception that a vehicle can have a single or a representative thermal "signature" for a given scenario-such as daytime summer or night time summer. In truth, a vehicle in a "daytime summer Northeast Asia" scenario can manifest many different types of detectabilities and signature manifestations throughout the day and under differing weather conditions. A reasonable approach toward representing a vehicle's signature characteristics would be to understand that data spread and choose the best value or values that address the question asked of a particular simulation. The Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity (AMSAA) is moving towards addressing this problem and is seeking to use modeling and Simulation (M&S) tools to populate its databases in a reasonable manner. Using the latest M&S tools, the authors will present unclassified results of measurements and simulations demonstrating this data spread and the resulting CASTFOREM sensitivity analysis. Images and the Delta T-RSS metric will be used to demonstrate the concept of the data distribution. By moving toward the signature data spread mentality, the research and development community can help the sensor and operations community pick the appropriate values for particular analyses-even for vehicles that are in the concept design phase. C1 USA, TARDEC, AMSRD, TARR, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Gonda, T (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, AMSRD, TARR, MS 263, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5354-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5431 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.542347 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW61 UT WOS:000223909000002 ER PT S AU Ballard, JR Berry, TE Leese, DL Anderson, SC AF Ballard, JR Berry, TE Leese, DL Anderson, SC BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI High temporal and spatial thermal infrared characterization of dense grass during high humidity conditions SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS X: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds X CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE directional thermal infrared characterization; background signatures; high temporal frequency ID CANOPIES AB This paper describes the high temporal (I sec to 5 min) and spatial thermal infrared directional characterization of low dense grass canopy during high humidity conditions to study the diurnal and spatial variation of simple vegetation background signatures. The instruments used in the characterization effort consisted of two infrared cameras (8-14 mum) set at nadir and 45 degrees, four sets of radiometers (3-5 mum and 8-12 mum), micrometeorological instruments, and thermocouples placed within the grass. Micrometeorological measurements included wind speed, air temperature, and relative humidity observed at several heights above the canopy sampling occurred at I sec and 5 min intervals. These measurements were used to calculate wind speed, air temperature, and relative humidity profiles down to the top of the grass canopy. Analysis of the measured thermal images consists of quantifying the diurnal thermal differences in the directional background signatures, directional thermal variance, and thermal variance differences related to observation angle, solar radiation, and wind speed. These preliminary analyses indicate that for this environment, measurements at large temporal scales, the thermal variance is primarily affected by solar radiation, but at small temporal scales turbulent mixing of fluxes becomes the more dominant cause of the variance. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ballard, JR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5354-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5431 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1117/12.541388 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW61 UT WOS:000223909000011 ER PT S AU Tofsted, DH O'Brien, SG AF Tofsted, DH O'Brien, SG BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Simulation of atmospheric-turbulence image distortion and scintillation effects impacting short-wave infrared (SWIR) active imaging systems SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS X: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds X CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE optical turbulence; parabolic wave equation; Gaussian beam waves; scintillation; SWIR sensors ID SPECTRUM AB Advanced sensor systems prototypes using active illumination systems hold the promise of both range and background discrimination detection capabilities. However., the impact of optical turbulence on such systems is not minimal. Since these systems operate in the near-visible SWIR band, the influences of both image distortion and illumination pulse scintillation will affect system performance. Understanding the nature of these turbulent impacts can aid in setting system parameters that minimize turbulence degradation while maximizing system performance. In this paper we highlight simulation techniques for modeling image distortion due to a combination of limited isoplanatic patch size and angle of arrival variations due primarily to large scale turbulent eddies. In addition., we discuss the simulation of the laser pulse illumination via phase screen propagation. We then illustrate these effects via simulation of target images. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat Informat Sci Direct, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Tofsted, DH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat Informat Sci Direct, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5354-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5431 BP 160 EP 171 DI 10.1117/12.546809 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW61 UT WOS:000223909000015 ER PT S AU Scoggins, RK Machiraju, R AF Scoggins, RK Machiraju, R BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Frequency space techniques for BRDF shading SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS X: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds X CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE BRDF; basis functions; spherical harmonics; shading ID ILLUMINATION; RADIANCE AB The Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) is a general way to represent reflection from surfaces. However, even when ignoring variations in location and wavelength, the BRDF is still a 4-dimensional function and the number of BRDF samples necessary for direct utilization can impose severe computational requirements. To address these and other problems, analytical BRDF equations have been developed for computer image simulations. Limitations remain since they may be empirical, appropriate only for specific surfaces, or require difficult-to-obtain physical parameters. BRDF shading based on signal processing methods has recently been presented in computer graphics that projects any BRDF onto an orthogonal basis set and then employs a truncated linear series for shading with controlled accuracy. This paper presents an overview of BRDF shading and frequency-space representations using orthogonal polynomials as basis functions. Techniques are then described that utilize the resulting linear shading equations to factor lighting and geometry components of a scene for image-based re-lighting. Statistical properties of images may then be partially computed for fixed views in a pre-process phase and employed to rapidly compute view properties for arbitrary lighting distributions and different BRDFs. Techniques are also described for producing correct blended BRDFS aimed at level-of-detail frequency-space shading. C1 Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Randy.K.Scoggins@erdc.usace.army.mil; raghu@cis.ohio-state.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5354-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5431 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1117/12.541327 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW61 UT WOS:000223909000019 ER PT S AU Ballard, JR Smith, JA Koenig, GG AF Ballard, JR Smith, JA Koenig, GG BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Towards a high temporal frequency grass canopy thermal IR model for background signatures SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS X: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds X CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE thermal IR grass canopy model; background signatures; high temporal frequency; turbulent fluxes; ray tracing ID TURBULENT EXCHANGE PROCESSES; STRAW MULCH; PLANT CANOPIES AB In this paper, we present our first results towards understanding high temporal frequency thermal infrared response from a dense grass canopy. The model is driven by slowly varying, time-averaged meteorological conditions and by high frequency measurements of local and within canopy profiles of relative humidity and wind speed, and compared to high frequency thermal infrared observations. Previously, we have employed three-dimensional ray tracing to compute the intercepted and scattered solar and IR radiation fluxes and for final scene rendering. For the turbulent fluxes, simple resistance models for latent and sensible heat with one-dimensional profiles of relative humidity and wind speed are used. Our modeling approach has proven successful in capturing the directional and diurnal variation in background thermal infrared signatures. We hypothesize that at these scales, where the model is typically driven by time-averaged, local meteorological conditions, the primary source of thermal variance arises from the spatial distribution of sunlit and shaded foliage elements within the canopy and the associated radiative interactions. In recent experiments, we have begun to focus on the high temporal frequency response of plant canopies in the thermal infrared at I sec to 5 min intervals. At these scales, we hypothesize turbulent mixing plays a more dominant role. Our results indicate that in the high frequency domain, the vertical profile of temperature change is tightly coupled to the within canopy wind speed. In the results reported here, the canopy cools from the top down with increased wind velocities and heats from the bottom up at low wind velocities. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ballard, JR (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5354-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5431 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1117/12.541048 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW61 UT WOS:000223909000023 ER PT J AU Keith, B Ender, MG AF Keith, B Ender, MG TI The sociological core: Conceptual patterns and idiosyncrasies in the structure and content of introductory sociology textbooks, 1940-2000 SO TEACHING SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CRIMINOLOGY TEXTBOOKS; FAMILY SOCIOLOGY; TEXTS; WOMEN; COVERAGE; STRATIFICATION; PERSPECTIVE; DISCIPLINE; INCLUSION; EDUCATION AB Sociology is often portrayed as an errant discipline, driving forward without any apparent direction or purpose. We contend that these perceptions about the central tenets of our discipline derive from a lack of standardization of core material, which reduces the social value of sociology as a scientific field and erodes its credibility as a discipline. Insofar as common conceptual knowledge exists in the field of sociology, one ought to find evidence of it in the introductory textbook. To this end, our study examines 35 introductory sociology textbooks published in the 1940s (n = 16) and the 1990s (n = 19) in search of common concepts that represent cumulative core disciplinary knowledge. While our findings reveal uniformity in the structure of the textbooks' major chapter headings within their respective decades, our analysis of concepts-the language used to introduce disciplinary content-reveals that the vast majority are referenced by only one text, with fewer than three percent of all concepts shared in common. Moreover, neither the number of concepts introduced only once nor the variability in the total number of concepts referenced declined across the two decades. In sum, while introductory sociology textbooks are structured in similar ways, we find little commonality in the concepts used by texts' authors to frame the discipline, either within the two cross-sections or between them. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Keith, B (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM zb9599@usma.edu NR 107 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1307 NEW YORK AVE NW #700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4712 USA SN 0092-055X J9 TEACH SOCIOL JI Teach. Sociol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 19 EP 36 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research; Sociology SC Education & Educational Research; Sociology GA 815OG UT WOS:000221051000003 ER PT J AU Keith, B Ender, MG AF Keith, B Ender, MG TI Core, what core? Looking beyond the introductory textbook for answers SO TEACHING SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Keith, B (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1307 NEW YORK AVE NW #700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4712 USA SN 0092-055X J9 TEACH SOCIOL JI Teach. Sociol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 39 EP 40 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; Sociology SC Education & Educational Research; Sociology GA 815OG UT WOS:000221051000005 ER PT J AU Wagenaar, TC Keith, B Ender, MG AF Wagenaar, TC Keith, B Ender, MG TI Sociology and a general understanding of social life SO TEACHING SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY USA. RP Wagenaar, TC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1307 NEW YORK AVE NW #700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4712 USA SN 0092-055X J9 TEACH SOCIOL JI Teach. Sociol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 41 EP 42 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; Sociology SC Education & Educational Research; Sociology GA 815OG UT WOS:000221051000006 ER EF