FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Coleman, RE Kiattibut, C Sattabongkot, J Ryan, J Burkett, DA Kim, HC Lee, WJ Klein, TA AF Coleman, RE Kiattibut, C Sattabongkot, J Ryan, J Burkett, DA Kim, HC Lee, WJ Klein, TA TI Evaluation of anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) from the Republic of Korea for Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles; Plasinodium vivax; vivax malaria; diagnostics; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Republic of Korea ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; OF-KOREA; SPOROZOITES; MALARIA AB As part of an on-going malaria surveillance effort conducted by the U.S. Forces Korea, Republic of Korea (ROK), a total of 28,286 anopheline mosquitoes was tested for the presence of Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite (CS) protein. Mosquitoes were collected (using a variety of light and baited traps) from 29 locations throughout the ROK (the majority were collected near the de-militarized zone), identified to species, and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of P. vivax 210 and P. vivax 247 CS protein. Recent evidence suggests that characters used to separate Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann from An. lesteri Baisas & Hu are unreliable; therefore, the data have been analyzed by grouping these two species. A total of 25,365 Anopheles sinensis/lesteri, 2,890 An. yatsushiroensis Miyazaki, and 31 An. sineroides Yamada was tested. Of these, one pool of 10 An. sinensis/lesteri collected on 9 September 1999 at Camp Howze and one pool of nine An. sinensis/lesteri collected on 13 September 1999 at Camp Bonifas were positive for P. vivax 247. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Coleman, RE (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 244 EP 247 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.1.244 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600BW UT WOS:000178371600039 PM 11931266 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Morrill, JC Rossi, CA Gad, AM Cope, SE Clements, TL Arthur, RE Wasieloski, LP Dohm, DJ Nash, D Hassan, MM Hassan, AN Morsy, ZS Presley, SM AF Turell, MJ Morrill, JC Rossi, CA Gad, AM Cope, SE Clements, TL Arthur, RE Wasieloski, LP Dohm, DJ Nash, D Hassan, MM Hassan, AN Morsy, ZS Presley, SM TI Isolation of West Nile and Sindbis viruses from mosquitoes collected in the Nile Valley of Egypt during an outbreak of Rift Valley fever SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE virus; isolation; mosquitoes; Egypt ID ENCEPHALITIS; RECURRENCE; VECTOR AB A s part of an evaluation of potential vectors of arboviruses during a Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreak in the Nile Valley of Egypt in August 1993, we collected mosquitoes in villages with known RVF viral activity. Mosquitoes were sorted to species, pooled, and processed for virus isolation both by intracerebral inoculation into suckling mice and by inoculation into cell culture. A total of 33 virus isolates was made from 36,024 mosquitoes. Viruses were initially identified by indirect fluorescent antibody testing and consisted of 30 flaviviruses (all members of the Japanese encephalitis complex, most probably West Nile [WN] virus) and three alphaviruses (all members of western equine encephalitis complex, most probably Sindbis). The identity of selected viruses was confirmed by reverse tran scriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Culex antennatus (Becker) and Culex perexiguus Theobald accounted for five (17%) and 23 (77%) of the WN virus isolations, respectively. Despite isolation of viruses from 32 pools of mosquitoes (both WN and Sindbis viruses were isolated from a single pool), RVF virus was not isolated from these mosquitoes, even though most of them are known competent vectors collected during an ongoing RVF outbreak. Thus, it should be remembered, that even during a known arbovirus outbreak, other arboviruses may still be circulating and causing disease. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 248 EP 250 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.1.248 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600BW UT WOS:000178371600040 PM 11931267 ER PT J AU Bernstein, L AF Bernstein, L TI China in the Anti-Japanese War, 1937-1945 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Combined Arms Ctr Hist Office, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Bernstein, L (reprint author), Combined Arms Ctr Hist Office, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 227 EP 228 DI 10.2307/2677379 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 505BN UT WOS:000172891400037 ER PT J AU Waddell, SR AF Waddell, SR TI A command post at war: First Army Headquarters in Europe, 1941-1945 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Waddell, SR (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 243 EP 244 DI 10.2307/2677392 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 505BN UT WOS:000172891400051 ER PT J AU Famini, GR Aguiar, D Payne, MA Rodriguez, R Wilson, LY AF Famini, GR Aguiar, D Payne, MA Rodriguez, R Wilson, LY TI Using the theoretical linear energy solvation energy relationship to correlate and predict nasal pungency thresholds SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Article DE TLSER; NPT; VOC; QSPR; QSAR; LSER; LFER ID DESCRIPTORS; SOLUBILITY; INDEXES AB The theoretical linear solvation energy relationship (TLSER) has been used to correlate and characterize 44 nasal pungency threshold (NPT) values in man with parameters derived from semi-empirical molecular orbital theory. The resulting relationship provides good correlative (R-2 > 0.92) and predictive (R-cv(2) > 0.88) capability. In addition, the TLSER parameters are used as a molecular probe to attempt to understand the fundamental properties influencing nasal pungency. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USA, AMSSB RAS I, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. La Sierra Univ, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92515 USA. RP Famini, GR (reprint author), USA, AMSSB RAS I, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 277 EP 280 DI 10.1016/S1093-3263(01)00124-3 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 518HP UT WOS:000173662100004 PM 11858636 ER PT J AU Abreu, CSH AF Abreu, CSH TI Military perspective on nuclear medicine SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Abreu, CSH (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 24N EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 514GL UT WOS:000173430600008 ER PT J AU Mills, D AF Mills, D TI On the evaluation of Weil sums of Dembowski-Ostrom polynomials SO JOURNAL OF NUMBER THEORY LA English DT Article AB Let F-q denote the finite field of q elements, q = p(e) odd, let chi(1) denote the canonical additive character of F-q where chi(1) (c) = e(2piiTr(c)/p) for all c is an element of F-q, and let Tr represent the trace function from F-q to F-p. We are interested in evaluating Weil sums of the form S = S(a(1), ..., a(n)) = Sigma(xis an element ofFq) chi(1) (D(x)) where D(x) = Sigma(i=1)(n) a(i)x(pialpha + pibeta), alpha(i) > beta(i) for each i, is known as a Dembowski-Ostrom polynomial (or as a D-O polynomial). Coulter has determined the value of S when D(x) = ax(palpha + 1); in this note we show how Coulter's methods can be generalized to determine the absolute value of S for any D-O polynomial. When e is even, we give a subclass of D-O polynomials whose Weil sums are real-valued, and in certain cases we are able to resolve the sign of S. We conclude by showing how Coulter's work for the monomial case can be used to determine a lower bound on the number of F-q(l)-solutions to the diagonal-type equation Sigma(i=1)(l) x(i)(pgamma+1) + (x(i) + lambda)p(gamma+1) = 0, where l is even, e/gcd(gamma, e) is odd, and h(X) = lambda(pepsilon-gamma)X(pepsilon-gamma) + lambda(pgamma)X is a permutation polynomial over F-q. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Mills, D (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-314X J9 J NUMBER THEORY JI J. Number Theory PD JAN PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1006/jnth.2001.2701 PG 12 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 520CY UT WOS:000173763900004 ER PT J AU Douglas, R Brown, HN AF Douglas, R Brown, HN TI Patients' attitudes toward advance directives SO JOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP LA English DT Article DE advance directives; patient self-determination act ID PROMOTING COMPLETION; ETHNICITY; COMMUNITY; DEATH AB Purpose: To explore hospitalized patients' attitudes toward advance directives, their reasons for completing or not completing advance directive forms, and demographic differences between patients who did and did not complete advance directive forms. Design and Method: The convenience sample comprised 30 hospitalized patients in North Carolina. Participants were interviewed using an adapted advance directive attitude survey (ADAS), and were asked five general questions about advance directives. Validity and reliability were established on the adapted tool. Findings: The overwhelming majority of participants had received information on advance directives and they were moderately positive about them. The majority who had completed advance directives were Caucasian, female, over age 65, had less than a high school education, and perceived their health as poor. Most believed that an advance directive would ensure they received the treatment they desired at the end of life. Conclusions: Patients' attitudes alone did not determine who will and will not complete advance directives. Most participants who completed advance directives had specific reasons for doing so. Nurses have responsibility for discussing advance directives with patients, families, and physicians to ensure adequate education about the completion of advance directives. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. RP Douglas, R (reprint author), 559 Graham Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 8 PU SIGMA THETA TAU INT PI INDIANAPOLIS PA 550 W NORTH STREET, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202 USA SN 1527-6546 J9 J NURS SCHOLARSHIP JI J. Nurs. Scholarsh. PY 2002 VL 34 IS 1 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2002.00061.x PG 5 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 636FV UT WOS:000180444700016 PM 11901969 ER PT J AU Beal, SA Eubanks, JL AF Beal, SA Eubanks, JL TI Self-report bias and accuracy in a simulated work setting: Effects of combined feedback on task and self-reported performance SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE signal detection theory; OBM; self-report bias; self-report accuracy; self-reported performance; task feedback; performance feedback ID ORGANIZATIONAL-BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT; SIGNAL-DETECTION-THEORY; SAMPLE; PRINCIPLES; JOBM AB Signal detection theory was applied to an experiment that examined the effects of feedback on self-report bias and accuracy in a simulated work setting. Manipulating combined feedback on task performance and self-reports resulted in increased task performance and self-report accuracy, but did not systematically affect self-report bias. This research shows promise for determining the variables of which self-report behavior is a function in organizational settings where more objective sources of data are impractical, unethical, or not readily available. Implications for the provenance of self-report considerations for behavioral applications in organizational settings are also addressed. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. Cent Washington Univ, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. RP Beal, SA (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0160-8061 J9 J ORGAN BEHAV MANAGE JI J. Organ. Behav. Manage. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 3 EP 31 DI 10.1300/J075v22n01_02 PG 29 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 668DG UT WOS:000182274600001 ER PT J AU Gross, SM Bunyard, WC Erford, K Roberts, GW Kiserow, DJ DeSimone, JM AF Gross, SM Bunyard, WC Erford, K Roberts, GW Kiserow, DJ DeSimone, JM TI Determination of the equilibrium constant for the reaction between bisphenol A and diphenyl carbonate SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bisphenol A; diphenyl carbonate; equilibrium constant; polycarbonates; thermodynamics; step growth polymerizations ID A POLYCARBONATES; MELT TRANSESTERIFICATION; END-GROUPS AB Despite the industrial significance of poly(bisphenol A carbonate), there is a scarcity of open literature on the equilibrium of the melt-phase process. In fact, the equilibrium constant (K-eq) for this reaction has never been measured directly. This article describes a process on the basis of NMR for the measurement of K-eq for the reaction between bisphenol A and diphenyl carbonate in the presence and absence of a catalyst. The apparent enthalpy and entropy were calculated using a van't Hoff plot. Decomposition of bisphenol A is a common side reaction in the melt-phase reaction performed at high temperatures in the presence of catalyst. The effect of these side reactions on the K-eq in the presence of catalyst is determined. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ N Carolina, Venable & Kenan Labs, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Div Chem Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP DeSimone, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Venable & Kenan Labs, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1002/pola.10098 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 502DC UT WOS:000172727600016 ER PT J AU Nusca, MJ AF Nusca, MJ TI Numerical simulation of the ram accelerator using a new chemical kinetics mechanism SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions of the full Navier-Stokes equations, including finite-rate chemical kinetics, are used to numerically simulate the reacting in-bore flowfield for a 90-mm (bore diameter) ram-accelerator projectile propulsion system. In this system a gun tube is filled with a high-pressure gaseous mixture of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. An axisymmetric projectile is launched into this tube, and rails are attached to the tube wait to ensure projectile centering. The shock system that develops around the projectile, along with boundary layers on the projectile and tube surfaces, ignites the mixture on or near the projectile afterbody. The resulting pressure imbalance on the projectile generates thrust. Numerical predictions of this pressure field can be used to evaluate the thrust efficiency of the system, i.e., the projectile design combined with the chemical composition of the propellant gas. Comparison of the predicted pressure field and the measured pressure data is used to judge the accuracy of the CFD code. The choice of chemical kinetics mechanism used in the CFD code is of critical importance in achieving an accurate numerical simulation of the ram accelerator. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Nusca, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.2514/2.5931 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 516VJ UT WOS:000173577200004 ER PT J AU Vincent, DS Berg, BW Chitpatima, S Hudson, D AF Vincent, DS Berg, BW Chitpatima, S Hudson, D TI International distance education and the transition from ISDN to high-bandwidth Internet connectivity SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Successes and Failures in Telehealth CY AUG 01-02, 2002 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA AB The Thailand-Hawaii Assessment of Interactive Healthcare Initiative (THAI-HI) is an international distanced-education project between two teaching hospitals in Honolulu and Bangkok that uses videoconferencing over three ISDN lines. A 'morning report' format is used to discuss clinical cases primarily covering infectious disease and critical-care topics. An audience response system is used at both sites to add interactivity. From July 2001 to May 2002, 816 health-care providers attended 20 clinical conferences. Audiences rated the conferences as highly relevant and as having high training value. Since the ISDN connection is expensive, we plan to convert the telecommunications to a high-bandwidth Internet connection. The Honolulu site will use a 45 Mbit/s commercial connection to the Hawaii Intranetwork Consortium, which links to the Abilene Network on the US mainland. The Bangkok hospital will use a 155 Mbit/s wireless optical connection to UNINET Thailand, which has a 45 Mbit/s circuit to Abilene. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Royal Thai Army, Bangkok, Thailand. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Pacific Telehlth & Technol Hui, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Vincent, DS (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 2002 VL 8 SU 3 BP 71 EP 73 DI 10.1258/13576330260440925 PG 3 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 624DH UT WOS:000179744700028 PM 12537911 ER PT J AU Belnap, CP Freeman, JH Hudson, DA Person, DA AF Belnap, CP Freeman, JH Hudson, DA Person, DA TI A versatile and economical method of image capture for telepathology SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Letter C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Telehlth & Technol Hui, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Hudson, DA (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Telehlth & Technol Hui, 1 Jarrett White Rd,4E-B100, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 117 EP 120 DI 10.1258/1357633021937488 PG 4 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 542XF UT WOS:000175070300010 PM 11972949 ER PT J AU Hamernik, RP Ahroon, WA Patterson, JH Qiu, W AF Hamernik, RP Ahroon, WA Patterson, JH Qiu, W TI Relations among early postexposure noise-induced threshold shifts and permanent threshold shifts in the chinchilla SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IMPULSE-NOISE; EXPOSURES; RECOVERY; MEN AB Threshold shifts (TS) were measured at various times following a wide variety of noise exposures on over 900 chinchillas. An analysis of postexposure TS measures and noise-induced permanent threshold shift (PTS) showed that, across audiometric test frequency, there was a consistent relation between these variables of the form PTS (dB) = alpha(e(TS/beta)-1), where, for a given test frequency, a (dB) and 8 (0) are constants. TSs were measured immediately following exposure (TS0), 24 h. after exposure (TS24), and at several intermediate times in order to estimate the maximum TS (TSmax). Correlation between TS and PTS at the various test frequencies was highest for TS24. An analysis of the 90th-percentile PTS showed a linear growth of PTS with TS24 of approximately 0.7 dB PTS/dB TS24. These data provide some support, in the chinchilla model, for a variation of the three postulates originally presented by Kryter et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 39, 451 (1966)]. Specifically: (i) TS24 is a consistent measure of the effects of a traumatic noise exposure. (ii) All exposures that produce a given TS24 will be equally hazardous. (iii) Noise-induced PTS in the most susceptible animals, following many years of exposure, is approximately equal to (0.7)TS24 measured after an 8-h exposure to the same noise. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Auditory Res Lab, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Hamernik, RP (reprint author), SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Auditory Res Lab, 107 Beaumont Hall, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. FU NIOSH CDC HHS [1-R01-OH02317] NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 111 IS 1 BP 320 EP 326 DI 10.1121/1.1428545 PN 1 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 513TB UT WOS:000173394400030 PM 11831804 ER PT J AU Malone, RD Benedek, DM AF Malone, RD Benedek, DM TI "I could tell you, but then I'd have to kill you": Classified information in the psychiatric evaluation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PSYCHIATRY AND THE LAW LA English DT Article AB Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals are presented with special challenges when their patients are involved in covert operations or other matters of national security. The patients' involvement may, by legal necessity, limit disclosures during the evaluation. Such situations may be encountered with varying degrees of frequency by military psychiatrists or consultants to various federal or law enforcement agencies involved in classified or undercover activities. The need to assess relevant psychosocial stressors while avoiding prohibited disclosure, the legal requirements to report potentially adverse information, or the procedure to gain legal permission to discuss classified details may present novel challenges for therapists in such evaluations. In this article, we present a case report illustrating these challenges and review applicable regulations and public law governing the disclosure of classified information. We also discuss common pitfalls and strategies for handling such situations. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Forens Psychiat Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PSYCHIATRY LAW PI BLOOMFIELD PA ONE REGENCY DR, PO BOX 30, BLOOMFIELD, CT 06002 USA SN 1093-6793 J9 J AM ACAD PSYCHIATRY JI J. Am. Acad. Psychiatry Law PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 232 EP 237 PG 6 WC Law; Psychiatry SC Government & Law; Psychiatry GA 566UU UT WOS:000176447300007 PM 12108560 ER PT J AU Carlson, RM AF Carlson, RM TI Helicopter performance - Transportation's latest chromosome: The 21st Annual Alexander A. Nikolsky Lecture SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Helicopter Soc C1 USA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 517YP UT WOS:000173638500001 ER PT J AU Lewicki, DG AF Lewicki, DG TI Gear crack propagation path studies-guidelines for ultra-safe design SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; FATIGUE-CRACK; NUMERICAL-METHODS; TOOTH; TEETH; GROWTH AB Design guidelines are established to prevent catastrophic rim fracture failure modes when considering gear tooth bending fatigue. Analysis is performed using the finite element method with principles of linear elastic fracture mechanics. Crack propagation paths are predicted for a variety of gear tooth and rim configurations. The effects of rim and web thicknesses, initial crack locations, and gear tooth geometry factors such as diametral pitch, number of teeth, pitch radius, and tooth pressure angle are considered. Design maps of tooth/rim fracture modes including effects of gear geometry, applied load, crack size and material properties are developed. The occurrence of rim fractures significantly increases as the backup ratio (rim thickness divided by tooth height) decreases. The occurrence of rim fractures also increases as the initial crack location is moved down the root of the tooth. Increased rim and web compliance increases the occurrence of rim fractures. For gears with constant pitch radii, coarser-pitch teeth increases the occurrence of tooth fractures over rim fractures. Also, 25 pressure angle teeth has an increased occurrence of tooth fractures over rim fractures when compared to 20 pressure angle teeth. When comparing gears with the same number of teeth or for gears with constant diametral pitch, varying size has little or no effect on crack propagation paths. C1 USA, Res Lab, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Lewicki, DG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 517YP UT WOS:000173638500006 ER PT J AU Levine, SR Opila, EJ Halbig, MC Kiser, JD Singh, M Salem, JA AF Levine, SR Opila, EJ Halbig, MC Kiser, JD Singh, M Salem, JA TI Evaluation of ultra-high temperature ceramics for aeropropulsion use SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Ceramics and Ceramic Composites for High Temperature Applications CY OCT 07-12, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN SP Soc Espanola Ceram & Vidrio, European Ceram Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, Ceram Soc Japan, European Commiss Res DG, United Engn Fdn, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Ind Technol, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, Minist Ciencia & Technol, Junta Andalucia, Univ Sevilla DE borides; composites; corrosion; engine components; thermal shock resistance ID OXIDATION AB Among the ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTC) are a group of materials consisting of zirconium diboride or hafnium diboride plus silicon carbide, and in some instances, carbon. These materials offer a good combination of properties that make them candidates for airframe leading edges on sharp-bodied reentry vehicles. These UHTC perform well in the environment for such applications, i.e. air at low pressure. The purpose of this study was to examine three of these materials under conditions more representative of a propulsion environment, i.e. higher oxygen partial pressure and total pressure. Results of strength and fracture toughness measurements, furnace oxidation, and high velocity thermal shock exposures are presented for ZrB2 plus 20 vol.% SiC, ZrB2 plus 14 vol.% SiC plus 30 vol.% C, and SCS-9a SiC fiber reinforced ZrB2 plus 20 vol.% SiC. The poor oxidation resistance of UHTCs is the predominant factor limiting their applicability to propulsion applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USA, Prop Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Levine, SR (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 106-5, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 12 TC 392 Z9 408 U1 18 U2 169 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 14-15 BP 2757 EP 2767 AR PII S0955-2219(02)00140-1 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00140-1 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 597ZZ UT WOS:000178251800042 ER PT J AU Opsenica, D Pocsfalvi, G Milhous, WK Solaja, BA AF Opsenica, D Pocsfalvi, G Milhous, WK Solaja, BA TI Antimalarial peroxides: the first intramolecular 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane SO JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tetraoxane; malaria; peroxide; steroid; intramolecular ID DIHYDROARTEMISININ DERIVATIVES; INVITRO; 7,8,15,16-TETRAOXADISPIRO<5.2.5.2>HEXADECANES; DISPIRO-1,2,4,5-TETRAOXANES; RESISTANCE AB An intramolecular steroidal 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane has been synthesised in six steps starting from methyl 3-oxo-7alpha,12alpha-diacetoxy-5beta-cholan-24-pate. The synthesised 1,2,4,5-tetra-aoxane has moderate in vitro antimalarial activity against P. falciparum Strains (IC50) (D-6) = 0.35 mug/mL: (IC50 (W2) = 0.29 mug/ML). C1 Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Inst Chem Technol & Met, Belgrade, Yugoslavia. CNR, Ist Sci Alimentazione, Ctr Spettrometria Massa Proteomica & Biomol, Avellino, Italy. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Solaja, BA (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, Studentskitrg 16,POB 158, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. RI Pocsfalvi, Gabriella/K-3753-2013; Pocsfalvi, Gabriella/C-4948-2015; OI Pocsfalvi, Gabriella/0000-0001-6065-3853; Solaja, Bogdan/0000-0002-9975-2725 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOC PI BELGRADE PA KARNEGIJEVA 4, PO BOX 462, YU-11001 BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA SN 0352-5139 J9 J SERB CHEM SOC JI J. Serb. Chem. Soc. PY 2002 VL 67 IS 7 BP 465 EP 471 DI 10.2298/JSC0207465O PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583AU UT WOS:000177384000001 ER PT J AU Nusca, MJ McQuaid, MJ Anderson, WR AF Nusca, MJ McQuaid, MJ Anderson, WR TI Numerical model of the plasma jet generated by an electrothermal-chemical igniter SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Nusca, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.2514/2.6666 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 513ZB UT WOS:000173410200021 ER PT J AU Scott, SH Abt, SR AF Scott, SH Abt, SR TI Hydraulic transport of fine and coarse sediment mixtures in pipelines SO JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; pipelines; hydraulic gradients AB This paper presents results from a comprehensive laboratory study of the effects of a fine grained sediment (clay) carrier fluid on the hydraulic gradient of sand-sized sediments (600-2,000 microns) in a 103-mm diameter pipeline. Three sand sizes were evaluated in the pipeline: (1) medium sand (670 microns), coarse sand (1,260 microns), and very coarse sand (2,040 microns). Initial experiments were conducted with water as the carrier fluid. Sand concentrations of 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 by volume (C-upsilon) were evaluated. For each sand concentration, the effect of phosphate clay concentrations on the hydraulic gradient was evaluated. The clay carrier fluids exhibited both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid properties. Study results indicate that the hydraulic gradient reduction effect resulting from phosphate clay added to sand and water slurries increases with sand concentration, decreases with particle size, and is maximum within the flow range representing maximum solids stratification with bed contact (2.0-3.0 m/s) in the test pipeline. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES CE ST, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Scott, SH (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES CE ST, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-947X J9 J TRANSP ENG-ASCE JI J. Transp. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 128 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2002)128:1(1) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 512AG UT WOS:000173298500001 ER PT J AU Tingle, JS Santoni, RL Webster, SL AF Tingle, JS Santoni, RL Webster, SL TI Full-scale field tests of discrete fiber-reinforced sand SO JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE fiber stabilization; reinforcement; reinforced sand; geofiber; pavement; low-volume roads; accelerated pavement testing; geosynthetics; stabilized base course; stabilized sand ID BEHAVIOR; SOIL AB The purpose of this investigation was to verify the results of an extensive laboratory experiment conducted to determine the effects of numerous variables on the performance of fiber-stabilized sand specimens. Laboratory unconfined compression tests were conducted on sand specimens reinforced with randomly oriented discrete fibers to provide an index of performance between specimens of different combinations of experiment variables. The laboratory results were used to design two full-scale field test sections to validate the performance of fiber-reinforced sands for low-volume roads. The laboratory experiment is discussed in detail in a separate paper. Only the field validation phase of the experiment will be discussed in this paper. The primary, conclusion was that fiber-stabilized sands are a viable alternative to traditional road construction materials for temporary or low-volume roads. Additionally, the optimum values of the key variables identified in the laboratory experiment were verified through the comparison of individual test section items. Construction and maintenance guidance is provided. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tingle, JS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Branch, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-947X J9 J TRANSP ENG-ASCE JI J. Transp. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 128 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2002)128:1(9) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 512AG UT WOS:000173298500002 ER PT J AU Chu, CS McManus, AT Matylevich, NP Goodwin, CW Pruitt, BA AF Chu, CS McManus, AT Matylevich, NP Goodwin, CW Pruitt, BA TI Integra as a dermal replacement in a meshed composite skin graft in a rat model: A one-step operative procedure SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Congress of the International-Society-for-Burn-Injuries CY NOV 01-05, 1998 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Int Soc Burn Injuries ID SILVER-NYLON DRESSINGS; BURNS; EXPANSION; SURVIVAL AB Background: Current use of Integra, the collagen-based dermal analogue, requires a two-step grafting procedure to achieve wound closure with an ''ultrathin'' autograft. Methods: A one-step operative procedure of meshed composite skin graft (MCSG) using Integra as a dermal template for a meshed split thickness autograft was developed in rats. The silicon layer of Integra was removed, the resulting dermal analogue was meshed (1:1.5), expanded, and placed on excised full thickness wound and covered with a meshed (1:1.5 or 1:6) split thickness autograft. Grafted wounds were dressed with BioBrane, Vaseline gauze, silver-impregnated nylon, or silver-nylon and direct current (SNDC). At scheduled intervals up to 3 months postgrafting, wounds were examined for epithelialization, collagen deposition and fibrosis, hair growth, and contraction. The results of wound closure and healing following the one-step procedure were compared with the outcome of the two-step grafting procedure where application of meshed Integra (step one) was followed in 14 days by removal of the silicon layer and application of the meshed autograft (step two). Results: The one-step procedure applied to meshed autograft/Integra (1:1.5/ 1:1.5) composite graft accelerated wound closure by 6-19 days when compared with the two-step procedure. At 3 months postgrafting, the contraction of the healed wound dressed with SNDC, BioBrane, or Vaseline gauze was reduced by 13-16% following the one-step procedure compared with the two-step procedure (p < 0.05). The one-step procedure allowed the expansion of the autograft layer to 1:6 while achieving wound healing results similar to grafting with 1:1.5 meshed autograft layer using the two-step grafting procedure. Conclusion: Single-step application of meshed, thin, split thickness autograft over meshed Integra-derived dermal substitute allows more rapid wound closure with less contraction and more efficient use of graft donor skin than can be obtained with the commonly used two-step grafting procedure. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Lab Div, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP McManus, AT (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Lab Div, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2002 VL 52 IS 1 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1097/00005373-200201000-00021 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 514PF UT WOS:000173449700023 PM 11791062 ER PT J AU Roberts, DA Holcomb, JB Parker, B Sondeen, JL Pusateri, AE Brady, WJ Sweenor, DE Young, JS AF Roberts, DA Holcomb, JB Parker, B Sondeen, JL Pusateri, AE Brady, WJ Sweenor, DE Young, JS TI The use of polynomial neural networks for mortality prediction in uncontrolled venous and arterial hemorrhage SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE hemorrhagic shock; polynomial neural network; injury; triage; mortality; ROC area; discrimination power ID SEVERITY SCORE TRISS; TRAUMA; RESUSCITATION; STATISTICS; REVISION; SURVIVAL AB Background: The ability to rapidly and accurately triage, evacuate, and utilize appropriate interventions can be problematic in the early decision-making process of trauma care. With current methods of pre-hospital data collection and analysis, decisions are often based upon single data points. This information may be insufficient for reliable decision-making. To date, no studies have attempted to utilize data at multiple time points for purposes of enhancing prediction, nor have studies attempted to synthesize prediction models with data reflecting both large-vessel venous and arterial injuries. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study to examine the potential utility of dynamic neural networks in predicting mortality using highly discretized uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock data. Methods: One hundred forty-three swine with either grade V liver injuries or 2.8-mm aortotomies had hemodynamic data collected every minute throughout injury and resuscitation. The independent variables used as inputs to the polynomial neural networks (PNNs) included systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP). These inputs were used to predict mortality in individual swine 1 hour after injury using data up to 20 minutes after injury. Survival models were compared based on discrimination power (DP), i.e., where specificity equals sensitivity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (c-statistic). The Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) statistic was used to measure model calibration. Results: The best PNN model predicted mortality at 60 minutes utilizing data from injury to 20 minutes after injury. This model produced a ROC area of 0.919, a DP of 0.857, and a H-L value of 16.47. A DP of 0.857 means that 85.7% of the survivors are correctly predicted to survive, and 85.7% of the nonsurvivors are predicted to die. MAP of survivors and nonsurvivors were graphed for comparative purposes. As this graph illustrates, the use of MAP alone cannot discriminate survivors from nonsurvivors. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that PNN models can effectively harness the dynamic nature of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock data, despite utilizing data from large-vessel arterial and venous injuries. Utilizing the dynamic nature of hemorrhagic shock data in PNNs may ultimately allow the development of novel decision assist devices. C1 Barron Associates Inc, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Texas, Houston Med Sch, Dept Trauma & Crit Care, Houston, TX USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY USA. RP Roberts, DA (reprint author), Barron Associates Inc, 1160 Pepsi Pl,Suite 300, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2002 VL 52 IS 1 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1097/00005373-200201000-00022 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 514PF UT WOS:000173449700024 PM 11791063 ER PT J AU Soloway, MS Pareek, K Sharifi, R Wajsman, Z McLeod, D Wood, DP Puras-Baez, A AF Soloway, MS Pareek, K Sharifi, R Wajsman, Z McLeod, D Wood, DP Puras-Baez, A CA Lupron Depot Neoadjuvant Prostate TI Neoadjuvant androgen ablation before radical prostatectomy in cT2bNxMo prostate cancer: 5-year results SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; neoadjuvant therapy; leuprolide ID HORMONAL-THERAPY; FOLLOW-UP; DEPRIVATION AB Purpose: In the initial report of the Lupron Depot Neoadjuvant Prostate Cancer Study Group patients who received 3 months of androgen deprivation had a significant decrease in the positive margin rate. We monitored these patients for 5 years and to our knowledge present the longest followup of any neoadjuvant trial. Materials and Methods: A multi-institutional prospective randomized trial was performed between February 1992 and April 1994 involving patients with stage cT2b prostate cancer, including 138 who received 3 months of leuprolide plus flutamide before radical prostatectomy and 144 who underwent radical prostatectomy only. Patients were followed every 6 months with serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing for 5 years. Biochemical recurrence was defined as PSA greater than 0.4 ng./ml. Results: At 5 years there was no difference in the biochemical recurrence rate. PSA was less than 0.4 ng./ml. in 64.8% of the patients in the neoadjuvant androgen ablation plus prostatectomy and 67.6% in the prostatectomy only group (p = 0.663). Conclusions: Although 3 months of androgen deprivation before radical prostatectomy resulted in an apparently significant decrease in positive surgical margins, a 5-year followup does not indicate any difference in the recurrence rate. Until studies document improvement in biochemical or clinical recurrence with longer periods of treatment, induction androgen deprivation before radical prostatectomy is not indicated. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Miami, FL USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Hato Rey, PR 00936 USA. RP Soloway, MS (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Urol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. NR 13 TC 191 Z9 206 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 1 BP 112 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65393-1 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 502CM UT WOS:000172726200034 PM 11743286 ER PT J AU Gaskin, AA Schantz, P Jackson, J Birkenheuer, A Tomlinson, L Gramiccia, M Levy, M Steurer, F Kollmar, E Hegarty, BC Ahn, A Breitschwerdt, EB AF Gaskin, AA Schantz, P Jackson, J Birkenheuer, A Tomlinson, L Gramiccia, M Levy, M Steurer, F Kollmar, E Hegarty, BC Ahn, A Breitschwerdt, EB TI Visceral leishmaniasis in a New York foxhound kennel SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE canine; dogs; Leishmania; sand fly ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI INFECTION; PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES; MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; CANINE LEISHMANIASIS; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; BARTONELLA-VINSONII; EHRLICHIA-CANIS; MAJOR INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; T-CELLS AB Although endemic throughout much of the world. autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis has been reported on only 3 previous occasions in North America. After diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in 4 foxhounds from a kennel in Dutchess County, New York (index kennel), serum and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-anticoagulated blood were collected front the remaining 108 American or cross-bred foxhounds in the index kennel and from 30 Beagles and Basset Hounds that were periodically housed in the index kennel. Samples were analyzed for antibodies to or DNA of tickborne disease pathogens and Leishmania spp. Most dogs had antibodies to Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Babesia spp., or some combination of these pathogens but not to Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffi). However, DNA of rickettsial, ehrlichial, or babesial agents was detected in only 9 dogs, Visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed in 46 of 112 (41%) foxhounds from the index kennel but was not diagnosed in any of the Beagles and Basset Hounds. A positive Leishmania status was defined by 1 or more of the following criteria: a Leishmania antibody titer greater than or equal to1 : 64. positive Leishmania polymerase chain reaction (PCR), positive Leishmania culture, or identification of Leishmania amastigotes by cytology or histopathology. The species and zymodeme of Leishmania that infected the foxhounds was determined to be Leishmania infantum MON-1 by isoenzyme electrophoresis. Foxhounds that were >18 months of age or that had traveled to the southeastern United States were more likely to be diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis. Transmission of Leishmania spp. in kennel outbreaks may involve exposure to an insect vector, direct transmission, or vertical transmission. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Microbiol Pathol & Parasitol, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Lab Parassitol, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Village Anim Hosp, Millbrook, NY USA. Merial Ltd, Duluth, GA USA. RP Breitschwerdt, EB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. RI GRAMICCIA, MARINA/C-4969-2016 NR 56 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE PI LAKEWOOD PA 7175 W JEFFERSON AVE, STE 2125, LAKEWOOD, CO 80235 USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1892/0891-6640(2002)016<0034:VLIANY>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 514GM UT WOS:000173430700005 PM 11822802 ER PT J AU Gaunaurd, GC Everstine, GC AF Gaunaurd, GC Everstine, GC TI Viscosity effects on the propagation of acoustic transients SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The propagation of an impulsive excitation applied at the origin of a lossy viscous medium is studied by operational techniques as the excitation advances through the medium. The solution of the governing partial differential equation (PDE) for such transient propagation problems has been elusive. Such solution is found as an infinite sum of properly weighted successive integrals of the complementary error function, and it is quantitatively examined here using a one-dimensional model in space and time. As expected, as the transient advances through space, its amplitude decreases, and its width broadens. Such is the damping effect of viscosity that one would anticipate from elementary considerations in related disciplines such as electrodynamics. Such is also the smoothing-out effect of dispersion. We also obtain an approximate solution of the present boundary-initial value problem based on the method of steepest descents. This approximation agrees with the first term of the complete analytic solution given here. The pertinent dispersion relation associated with the governing parabolic PDE is shown to impose a restrictive condition on the allowable values of the propagation speed and the kinematic viscosity coefficient, thus assuring that propagation with attenuation does take place. Various numerical results illustrate and quantitatively describe the propagation of the transient pulse in several nondimensional graphs. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gaunaurd, GC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1115/1.1419203 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 547JZ UT WOS:000175330400003 ER PT J AU Pal, R Venzon, D Letvin, NL Santra, S Montefiori, DC Miller, NR Tryniszewska, E Lewis, MG VanCott, TC Hirsch, V Woodward, R Gibson, A Grace, M Dobratz, E Markham, PD Hel, Z Nacsa, J Klein, M Tartaglia, J Franchini, G AF Pal, R Venzon, D Letvin, NL Santra, S Montefiori, DC Miller, NR Tryniszewska, E Lewis, MG VanCott, TC Hirsch, V Woodward, R Gibson, A Grace, M Dobratz, E Markham, PD Hel, Z Nacsa, J Klein, M Tartaglia, J Franchini, G TI ALVAC-SIV-gag-pol-env-based vaccination and macaque major histocompatibility complex class I (A*01) delay simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac-induced immunodeficiency SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; LONG-TERM NONPROGRESSORS; INFECTED RHESUS-MONKEYS; VACCINIA VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; UNINFECTED VOLUNTEERS; RECOMBINANT VACCINE; SERONEGATIVE ADULTS AB T-cell-mediated immune effector mechanisms play an important role in the containment of human immunodeficiency virus/simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV) replication after infection. Both vaccination- and infection-induced T-cell responses are dependent on the host major histocompatibility complex classes I and II (MHC-I and MHC-II) antigens. Here we report that both inherent, host-dependent immune responses to SIVmac251 infection and vaccination-induced immune responses to viral antigens were able to reduce virus replication and/or CD4(+) T-cell loss. Both the presence of the MHC-I Mamu-A*01 genotype and vaccination of rhesus macaques with ALVAC-SIV-gag-pol-env (ALVAC-SIV-gpe) contributed to the restriction of SIVmac251 replication during primary infection, preservation of CD4(+) T cells, and delayed disease progression following ;intrarectal challenge exposure of the animals to SIVmac251 ((561)). ALVAC-SIV-gpe immunization induced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses cumulatively in 67% of the immunized animals. Following viral challenge, a significant secondary virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell response was observed in the vaccinated macaques. In the same immunized macaques, a decrease in virus load during primary infection (P = 0.0078) and protection from CD4 loss during both acute and chronic phases of infection (P = 0.0099 and P = 0.03, respectively) were observed. A trend for enhanced survival of the vaccinated macaques was also observed. Neither boosting the ALVAC-SIV-gpe with gp120 immunizations nor administering the vaccine by the combination of mucosal and systemic immunization routes increased significantly the protective effect of the ALVAC-SIV-gpe vaccine. While assessing the role of MHC-I Mamu-A*01 alone in the restriction of viremia following challenge of nonvaccinated animals with other SIV isolates, we observed that the virus load was not significantly lower in MamuA*01-positive macaques following intravenous challenge with either SIVmac251 (561) or SIVSME660. However, a significant delay in CD4(+) T-cell loss was observed in Mamu-A*01-positive macaques in each group. Of interest, in the case of intravenous or intrarectal challenge with the chimeric SIV/HIV strains SHIV89.6P or SHIVKU2, respectively, MHC-I Mamu-A*01-positive macaques did not significantly restrict primary viremia. The finding of the protective effect of the Mamu-A*01 molecule parallels the protective effect of the B*5701 HLA allele in HIV-1-infected humans and needs to be accounted for in the evaluation of vaccine efficacy against SIV challenge models. C1 NCI, Basic Res Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Biostat & Data Management Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Adv BioSci Labs Inc, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr AIDS Res, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Med Acad Bialystok, Dept Pediat 3, Bialystok, Poland. So Res Inst, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NIAID, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Aventis Pasteur Ltd, F-69280 Marcy Letoile, France. Aventis Pasteur Ltd, Toronto, ON M2R 3T4, Canada. RP Franchini, G (reprint author), NCI, Basic Res Lab, 41-D804, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Venzon, David/B-3078-2008; OI Hel, Zdenek/0000-0002-4923-4794 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI55260, N01-AI55271, AI-65312, R21 AI065312, AI-85343] NR 56 TC 186 Z9 187 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 76 IS 1 BP 292 EP 302 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.1.292-302.2002 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 500UJ UT WOS:000172644900029 PM 11739694 ER PT J AU Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ Moore, T Swami, A AF Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ Moore, T Swami, A TI Bounds on SIMO and MIMO channel estimation and equalization with side information SO JOURNAL OF VLSI SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE source separation; channel estimation; equalization; communications; Cramer-Rao bounds; semi-blind; constant modulus; blind estimation ID 2ND-ORDER CYCLOSTATIONARY STATISTICS; BLIND IDENTIFIABILITY; MULTIPATH CHANNELS; IDENTIFICATION; ARRAYS AB Constrained Cramer-Rao bounds are developed for convolutive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel and source estimation in additive Gaussian noise. Properties of the MIMO Fisher information matrix (FIM) are studied, and we develop the maximum rank of the unconstrained FIM and provide necessary conditions for the FIM to achieve full rank. Equality constraints on channel and signal parameters provide a means to study the potential value of side information, such as training symbols (semi-blind case), constant modulus (CM) sources, or known channels. Nonredundant constraints may be combined in an arbitrary fashion, so that side information may be different for different sources. The bounds are useful for evaluating the performance of SIMO and MIMO channel estimation and equalization algorithms. We present examples using the constant modulus blind equalization algorithm. The constrained bounds are also useful for evaluating the relative value of different types of side information, and we present examples comparing semi-blind, constant modulus, and known channel constraints. While the examples presented are primarily in the communications context, the CRB framework applies generally to convolutive source separation problems. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Bucknell Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. RP Sadler, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CN, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-5773 J9 J VLSI SIG PROC SYST JI J. VLSI Signal Process. Syst. Signal Image Video Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 126 DI 10.1023/A:1014046808970 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 518TW UT WOS:000173684800008 ER PT J AU Hande, P Tong, L Swami, A AF Hande, P Tong, L Swami, A TI Multipath delay estimation for frequency hopping systems SO JOURNAL OF VLSI SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE delay estimation; multiple invariance; eigenstructures ID SPREAD-SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS; ESPRIT; ACQUISITION; PARAMETERS; SUBSPACE AB The multipath delay estimation problem for a slow frequency hopping system is studied. High resolution delay estimation algorithms are proposed by exploiting invariance structures in the data packet. The proposed approach converts the problem of delay estimation using temporally received packets to one of estimating directions-of-arrival in array processing. Two closed-form estimators are developed. The first algorithm is based on the use of a single invariance and applies the ESPRIT algorithm. The second approach utilizes multiple invariances, and enforces the Cayley-Hamilton constraint in the signal subspace. It is shown, via an analysis of acquisition time, that the use of multiple invariances significantly shortens the number of hops required for parameter identifiability. Simulation examples also demonstrate the advantage of exploiting multiple invariances. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hande, P (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Phillips Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-5773 J9 J VLSI SIG PROC SYST JI J. VLSI Signal Process. Syst. Signal Image Video Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1-3 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.1023/A:1014003026717 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 518TW UT WOS:000173684800011 ER PT J AU Auerbach, M Adair, CF Kardon, D Wenig, BM Taubenberger, J Lichy, J Heffner, DK AF Auerbach, M Adair, CF Kardon, D Wenig, BM Taubenberger, J Lichy, J Heffner, DK TI Respiratory epithelial carcinoma: A clinicopathologic study SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 EI 1530-0307 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 902 BP 215A EP 215A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 513LJ UT WOS:000173379700915 ER PT J AU Lewin-Smith, MR Ladich, ER Specht, CS Kalasinsky, VF Rabin, L Holtzmuller, KC Moroz, AL Mullick, FG AF Lewin-Smith, MR Ladich, ER Specht, CS Kalasinsky, VF Rabin, L Holtzmuller, KC Moroz, AL Mullick, FG TI A histopathologic study of liver specimens from Persian Gulf War military veterans SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 EI 1530-0307 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1199 BP 289A EP 289A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 513LJ UT WOS:000173379701212 ER PT S AU Stann, BL Abou-Auf, A Aliberti, K Giza, M Ovrebo, G Ruff, W Simon, D Stead, M AF Stann, BL Abou-Auf, A Aliberti, K Giza, M Ovrebo, G Ruff, W Simon, D Stead, M BE Kamerman, GW TI Research progress on a focal plane array ladar system using a laser diode transmitter and FM/cw radar principles SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VII CY APR 03-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser radar; ladar; ladar imaging AB The Army Research Laboratory is developing scannerless ladar systems for smart munition and reconnaissance applications. Here we report on progress attained over the past year related to the construction of a 32x32 pixel ladar. The 32x32 pixel architecture achieves ranging based on a frequency modulation/continuous wave (FM/cw) technique implemented by directly amplitude modulating a near-IR diode laser transmitter with a radio frequency (rf) subcarrier that is linearly frequency modulated. The diode's output is collected and projected to form an illumination field in the downrange image area. The returned signal is focused onto an array of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detectors where it is detected and mixed with a delayed replica of the laser modulation signal that modulates the responsivity of each detector. The output of each detector is an intermediate frequency (IF) signal (a product of the mixing process) whose frequency is proportional to the target range. This IF signal is continuously sampled over each period of the rf modulation. Following this, a N channel signal processor based-on field-programmable gate arrays calculates the discrete Foufier transform over the IF waveform in each pixel to establish the ranges to all the scatterers and their respective amplitudes. Over the past year, we have built one and two-dimensional self-mixing MSM detector arrays at .8 and 1.55 mum, designed and built circuit boards for reading data out of a 3202 pixel array, and designed an N channel FPGA signal processor for high-speed formation of range gates. In this paper we report on the development and performance of these components and the results of system tests conducted in the laboratory. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Stann, BL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4473-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4723 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1117/12.476412 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BV20M UT WOS:000178155700003 ER PT S AU Ruff, W Aliberti, K Giza, M Shen, P Stann, B Stead, M AF Ruff, W Aliberti, K Giza, M Shen, P Stann, B Stead, M BE Kamerman, GW TI Characterization of a 32-element linear self-mixing detector array for an FM/cw ladar SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VII CY APR 03-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser radar; ladar; self-mixing detector AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is investigating a ladar architecture based on FM/cw radar principles, whereby the range information is contained in the low-frequency mixing product derived by mixing a reference ultrahigh frequency (UHF) chirp with a detected, time-delayed UHF chirp. ARL is also investigating the use of unique selfmixing detectors that have the ability to internally detect and down-convert light signals that are amplitude modulated at UHF. When inserted into the ARL FM/cw ladar architecture, the self-mixing detector eliminates the need for wide band transimpedance amplifiers in the ladar receiver thereby reducing both the cost and complexity of the system. ARL has fabricated a 32 element linear array of self-irrixing detectors and incorporated it into a breadboard ladar using the ARL FM/cw architecture. This paper discusses the basic theory of detector operation, a description of the breadboard ladar and its components, and presents some fundamental measurements and imagery taken from the ladar using these unique detectors. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ruff, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4473-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4723 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.476415 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BV20M UT WOS:000178155700004 ER PT J AU Albertini, JG Holck, DEE Farley, MF AF Albertini, JG Holck, DEE Farley, MF TI Zoon's balanitis treated with erbium : YAG laser ablation SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide laser; plasma cell balanitis; erbium : YAG laser ID PLASMA-CELL BALANITIS; CARBON-DIOXIDE LASER; ER-YAG; THERMAL-DAMAGE; SKIN ABLATION; WATER; CIRCUMCISION; CO2-LASER; SURGERY; TISSUE AB Background and Objective: Zoon's balanitis (ZB) is an uncommon, benign, idiopathic inflammatory condition affecting uncircumcised males. Definitive treatments include circumcision and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser ablation. We describe an alternative laser modality showing efficacy in the treatment of ZB. Study Design/Materials and Methods: We report the first case of ZB effectively treated with Erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) laser ablation. We review the pathogenesis and medical, surgical, and laser management of ZB. Results: Our patient demonstrated a long-term clinical and histologic cure after Er:YAG laser ablation of ZB. Conclusions: As an alternative to circumcision or continuous wave CO2 laser, we propose a trial of Er:YAG laser ablation as a low risk, first line treatment of ZB. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USAF, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Albertini, JG (reprint author), USAF, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.1002/lsm.10037 PG 4 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 523QU UT WOS:000173967100009 PM 11870791 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Cold burial: A true story of endurance and disaster. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combines Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combines Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 127 IS 1 BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 509WN UT WOS:000173173000204 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JP Enyedy, EJ Nambiar, MP Lees, A Tsokos, GC AF Mitchell, JP Enyedy, EJ Nambiar, MP Lees, A Tsokos, GC TI Engagement of complement receptor 2 on the surface of B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus contributes to the increased responsiveness to antigen stimulation SO LUPUS LA English DT Article DE B lymphocytes; B cell receptor; calcium responses; B cell overactivity; complement receptor; Epstein-Barr virus; lymphocyte signaling ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; LYMPHOCYTES; ACTIVATION; CD19; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; VAV AB B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display increased responses following cross-linking of the surface antigen receptor. We explored the possibility that the increased responses are at least partially due to simultaneous cross-linking of the complement receptor 2 (CR2). To this end, we stimulated fresh B cells from SLE patients with an anti-IgD antibody conjugated to the Epstein-Barr virus gp350 protein, which binds to CR2, and recorded the free intracytoplasmic calcium response during the first 10 min. Despite the fact that SLE B cells were found to express half as many surface CR2 as normal B cells, both peak responses and the percentage of responding cells were significantly increased in the former. These observations suggest that regulatory molecules such as CR2 are involved in the increased B cell responses in SLE patients. We propose that certain immune complexes that circulate in the sera of SLE patients that have anti-surface immunoglobulin specificities and are decorated with natural ligands of CR2, such as C3d, elicit and promote B cell overactivity. C1 WRAIR, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), WRAIR, Dept Cellular Injury, Bldg 503,Rm 1A32, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI42269] NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0961-2033 J9 LUPUS JI Lupus PY 2002 VL 11 IS 5 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1191/0961203302lu188oa PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 568HW UT WOS:000176537200005 PM 12090564 ER PT S AU Lynch, LN Chehovits, JG Luders, DG AF Lynch, LN Chehovits, JG Luders, DG GP TRB TRB TI Ten-year field performance evaluation of joint resealing project SO MAINTENANCE OF PAVEMENTS AND STRUCTURES: MAINTENANCE SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Amer Publ Transportat Assoc, Amer Transportat Res Inst, Assoc Amer Railroads, Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc AB In 1989, the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center and Crafco, Inc., initiated a research effort to develop improved materials and processes for sealing and resealing joints in portland cement concrete pavements. The objectives of the research were to develop specification limits for improved field performance of hot-applied, jet-fuel-resistant (JFR) and non-jet-fuel-resistant (non-JFR) sealants and obtain field data to determine the field performance of different sealants and installation configurations. The research effort was divided into a laboratory phase and a field phase. The laboratory phase focused on identifying ideal properties that a hot-applied non-JFR and hot-applied JFR sealant should possess, evaluating commercially available sealants to determine if they exhibited those properties, and developing improved hot-applied materials that would exhibit as many of those properties as feasible. The field phase was initiated in June 1991 at Fairchild Air Force Base near Spokane, Washington. The focus of this effort was to determine the field performance of field-molded sealants (including improved materials versus commercially available sealants) and possible improvements in field performance by changing the sealant installation geometry. Thirteen different field-molded sealants were installed, and their field performance was monitored at different times over 10 years. The evaluations indicated that two of the hot-applied, asphalt-based sealants, four of the silicone-based sealants, and one of the coal tar-based sealants had life expectancies of greater than 10 years. The improved OR and non-JFR sealants exhibited better field performance than the standard hot-applied sealants included in the evaluation. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Crafco Inc, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. CEOE, CES 92, Fairchild AFB, WA 99011 USA. RP Lynch, LN (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07722-2 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2002 IS 1795 BP 40 EP 48 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BV98D UT WOS:000180586400005 ER PT S AU Bratcher, M Gersten, B Ji, H Mays, J AF Bratcher, M Gersten, B Ji, H Mays, J BE Bernier, P Ajayan, P Iwasa, Y Nikolaev, P TI Study in the dispersion of carbon nanotubes SO MAKING FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS WITH NANOTUBES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Making Functional Materials with Nanotubes held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID GROWTH AB In the past, the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in both liquids and solids has been difficult due to the high surface interactions between the tubes. Dispersion of polymer CNT composites is important for such benefits as structural reinforcement of composites, the percolation threshold of CNT based conducting materials, and the thermal properties with the exploitation of the high surface area of CNTs. Here we discuss two approaches towards addressing dispersion of multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs). One approach is the use of surfactant chemicals selected on the basis that they interact with CNT chemical groups. The second approach is the functionalization through covalent bonding of the CNTs with various polymers including polyethylenimine (PEI), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The two approaches were evaluated to determine whether covalent functionalization was more beneficial than the use of surfactants. Characterization of the dispersion was performed using various microscopy techniques. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM M, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001 USA. RP Bratcher, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM M, Rodman Mat Res Bldg, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-642-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 706 BP 323 EP 328 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BU87T UT WOS:000177282900048 ER PT J AU Hollingdale, MR Krzych, U AF Hollingdale, MR Krzych, U TI Immune responses to liver-stage parasites: Implications for vaccine development SO MALARIA IMMUNOLOGY, 2ND EDITION SE CHEMICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; GLUTAMATE-RICH PROTEIN; T-CELL EPITOPES; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; DNA VACCINES; CPG MOTIFS; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; INTERFERON-GAMMA C1 London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1B 3DP, England. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Hollingdale, MR (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1B 3DP, England. NR 152 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-0145 J9 CHEM IMMUNOL JI Chem.Immunol. PY 2002 VL 80 BP 97 EP 124 PG 28 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BU66Z UT WOS:000176677300005 PM 12058653 ER PT J AU Ballou, WR Kester, KE Heppner, DG AF Ballou, WR Kester, KE Heppner, DG TI Pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines to prevent Plasmodium falciparum malaria SO MALARIA IMMUNOLOGY, 2ND EDITION SE CHEMICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; T-CELL CLONES; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SPOROZOITE VACCINE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DNA VACCINE; EFFICACY; SAFETY; IMMUNOGENICITY C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Medimmune Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Heppner, DG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Malaria Vaccine Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802 NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-0145 J9 CHEM IMMUNOL JI Chem.Immunol. PY 2002 VL 80 BP 253 EP 261 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BU66Z UT WOS:000176677300013 PM 12058643 ER PT J AU Marinelli, RL Lovell, CR Wakeham, SG Ringelberg, DB White, DC AF Marinelli, RL Lovell, CR Wakeham, SG Ringelberg, DB White, DC TI Experimental investigation of the control of bacterial community composition in macrofaunal burrows SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE phospholipid fatty acids; microorganisms; polychaetes; bioturbation; irrigation ID LUGWORM ARENICOLA-MARINA; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; ANTARCTIC SEA ICE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CALLIANASSA-SUBTERRANEA; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; POLYCHAETE; IRRIGATION; OXYGEN AB The burrows and tubes of infauna are complex and dynamic systems that promote significant heterogeneity in the ecological and geochemical properties of benthic systems. We experimentally evaluated the extent to which behaviors of macrofauna, including ventilation activity, the residence times of tubes in sediments and tube composition, influence the development and succession of microbial communities which line macrofaunal burrows (i.e. the burrow microbial biofilm), Our experiments used a burrow mimic system, which allowed manipulation of some biological and environmental factors while holding other factors constant, The biofilm microbial community was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, a sensitive measure of microbial biomass and a significant tool in the identification of some taxonomic and functional groups of microorganisms in marine systems, Results suggest that the burrow mimics supported the development of microbial assemblages with phospholipid signatures that were both similar to those found in natural burrows and responsive to experimental manipulation. Burrow mimic composition significantly affected PLFA signatures, within the range of compounds and concentrations observed in natural systems. Tubes that were coated with an organic polymer were characterized by lower microbial biomass than uncoated tubes and also exhibited a substantially different PLFA signature. The residence time of tube mimics in sediments also affected the PLFA signature. Tubes with a longer residence time were characterized by higher microbial biomass, and a distinct anaerobe signature, relative to tube mimics having shorter residence times, Thus, a distinct successional sequence was observed. Surprisingly, irrigation frequency, i.e. the rate at which burrows are renewed with fresh, oxic overlying water and rid of metabolic byproducts and other solutes from the host organism and surrounding sediments, had minor effects on PLFA signature within the burrow biofilm. Our results suggest that the properties of the burrow micro environment exert fundamental controls on microbial community composition in burrow biofilms and are likely to influence biogeochemical processes over short length scales in nearshore systems. C1 Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Sci Biol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. USA, Environm Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Marinelli, RL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM marinelli@cbl.umces.edu NR 60 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 235 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.3354/meps235001 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 576DW UT WOS:000176988400001 ER PT S AU Carlson, BD AF Carlson, BD GP TRB TRB TRB TI Public preferences for managing the Upper Mississippi River System SO MARINE TRANSPORTATION AND PORT OPERATIONS: MARINE TRANSPORTATION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Amer Publ Transportat Assoc, Amer Transportat Res Inst, Assoc Amer Railroads, Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc AB The human dimension is an important, yet often overlooked, aspect of river ecosystem analyses. To provide decision makers with information to maintain the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) as a viable large river system, a survey of the general public was designed and conducted in 1996 to assay river resource values and expectations. Members of 500 randomly selected households in each of the five UMRS states completed the survey (total of 2,500). Factor analysis, reliability analysis, and analysis of variance techniques were employed in the data analysis. Results show that citizens value the river strongly for multiple purposes and expect balanced use in its management. An important point is that although there is not a consensus regarding future management of the UMRS, levels of support do not vary substantially across regions. Differences in preferences between the general population and more active stakeholders suggest that strategies for engaging the public be reconsidered. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Headquarters, Washington, DC 20314 USA. RP Carlson, BD (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Headquarters, 441 G St,NW, Washington, DC 20314 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07706-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2002 IS 1782 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BV64L UT WOS:000179619100001 ER PT S AU Allen, JL Xu, K Zhang, SS Jow, TR AF Allen, JL Xu, K Zhang, SS Jow, TR BE Schwarz, RB Ceder, G Ringel, SA TI LiMBO3 (M=Fe, Mn): Potential cathode for lithium ion batteries SO MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE, GENERATION AND TRANSPORT SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Energy Storage, Generation and Transport held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab AB Recently discovered borates, LiMBO3 (M=Fe, Mn), share similarities with LiFe(Mn)PO4. They are polyanion structures, contain extractable lithium and suffer from low electronic conductivity. They are attractive to replace expensive, less abundant redox metals in current use in cathodes with environmentally friendly iron or manganese. Phosphate or borate groups adjacent to the redox active metal increase the voltage of the redox. couple through an inductive effect. The LiFeBO3 discharge curve shows a pseudo-plateau around 2.6 V for the Fe(II) Fe(III) couple. This study brings to bear techniques to improve electrode conductivity to produce LiMBO3 composite electrodes thus allowing access to some of the high, theoretical specific capacity. At low current, up to 70 percent of lithium could be extracted from LiFeBO3 that was prepared in the presence of high surface area, highly electrically conductive carbon black. Attempts to improve the cathode properties of LiMnBO3 were less successful. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Allen, JL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 6 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 29 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-666-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 730 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BV85T UT WOS:000180245500002 ER PT S AU Choi, KK Lin, CH Leung, KM Tamir, T AF Choi, KK Lin, CH Leung, KM Tamir, T BE Longshore, RE Sivananthan, S TI QWIP structural optimization SO MATERIALS FOR INFRARED DETECTORS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Materials for Infrared Detectors II CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE spectrometer; quantum well; quantum grid ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; PERFORMANCE AB Quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) are flexible in tailoring their characteristics to suit an application. In this article, we present a design and optimization concept to construct an infrared spectrometer. It utilizes the broadband absorption of a QWIP and the narrow band light coupling of a grid structure. The QWIP material defines the range of detection wavelengths of the spectrometer while the grid geometry selects out different wavelengths to detect in different detector elements. We will present specific design examples in two wavelength ranges, one from 7.5 to 12 mum and another from 6 to 15 mum. We will also present some experimental results to support the design feasibility. C1 USA, Res Lab, Electroopt & Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Electroopt & Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4562-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4795 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1117/12.453827 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BV91J UT WOS:000180378100004 ER PT S AU Fountzoulas, CG Potrepka, DM Tidrow, SC AF Fountzoulas, CG Potrepka, DM Tidrow, SC BE Tidrow, SC Horwitz, JS Xi, XX Levy, J TI Microstructural and electrical characterization of barium strontium titanate-based solid solution thin films deposited on ceramic substrates by pulsed laser deposition SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR TUNABLE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues for Tunable RF and Microwave Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB Ferroelectrics are multicomponent materials with a wealth of interesting and useful properties, such as piezoelectricity. The dielectric constant of the BSTO ferroelectrics can be changed by applying an electric field. Variable dielectric constant results in a change in phase velocity in the device allowing it to be tuned in real time for a particular application. The microstructure of the film influences the electronic properties which in turn influences the performance of the film. Ba0.6Sr0.4Ti1-y(A(3+), B5+)(y)O-3 thin films, of nominal thickness of 0.65 mum, were synthesized initially at substrate temperatures of 400degreesC, and subsequently annealed to 750degreesC, on LaAlO3 (100) substrates, previously coated with LaSrCoO conductive buffer layer, using the pulsed laser deposition technique. The microstructural and physical characteristics of the post-annealed thin films have been studied using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and nano indentation and are reported. Results of capacitance measurements are used to obtain dielectric constant and tunability in the paraelectric (T>T-c) regime. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap Mt Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Fountzoulas, CG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap Mt Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-656-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 720 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV34Q UT WOS:000178622400004 ER PT S AU Crowne, FJ Tidrow, SC Potrepka, DM Tauber, A AF Crowne, FJ Tidrow, SC Potrepka, DM Tauber, A BE Tidrow, SC Horwitz, JS Xi, XX Levy, J TI Microfields induced by random compensated charge pairs in ferroelectric materials SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR TUNABLE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues for Tunable RF and Microwave Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB The dc and microwave responses of the BaxSr1-x (X,Y)(y)Ti1-yO3 family of ferroelectric compounds with various substitutional additives X3+, Y5+ are analyzed by combining the random-field technique with the mean-field (Landau-Devonshire) theory of ferroelectricity, along with a self-consistent computation of the dielectric constant of the host material in the presence of the impurity fields. The fields in the material are assumed to arise from charge compensation at the Ti4+ sites, leading to permanent dipoles made up of the resulting positive and negative ions separated by a few lattice constants. It is shown that whereas completely random placement of positive and negative ions generates a Holtsmark distribution of electric field, with infinite second moment and hence extremely large fluctuations in field strength, the association of ionized impurities into permanent dipoles leads to much lower fluctuations in field and a distribution with finite second moment, which makes a self-consistent dielectric constant meaningful. C1 USA, Res Lab, RF Elect Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Crowne, FJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RF Elect Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-656-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 720 BP 131 EP 142 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV34Q UT WOS:000178622400019 ER PT S AU Potrepka, D Tidrow, S Tauber, A Kirchner, K Ervin, M Deb, K Rod, B Crowne, F AF Potrepka, D Tidrow, S Tauber, A Kirchner, K Ervin, M Deb, K Rod, B Crowne, F BE Tidrow, SC Horwitz, JS Xi, XX Levy, J TI The dependence of dielectric properties on composition variation in Ba0.6Sr0.4(YTa)(y)Ti1-2yO3 SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR TUNABLE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES III SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues for Tunable RF and Microwave Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SYSTEMS; RAMAN; ORDER AB Ba0.6Sr0.4(YTa)(y)Ti1-2yO3 has been shown to have properties which are promising for tunable applications requiring low dielectric constant [1]. Ba0.6Sr0.4(YTa)(y)Ti1-2yO3 with y less than or equal to 0.10 has been synthesized and well-characterized using x-ray diffraction, EDAX, and Raman Spectroscopy. The dependence of the dielectric properties on concentration, y, of Y and Ta are discussed along with implications for improved performance in device applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-656-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 720 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV34Q UT WOS:000178622400022 ER PT S AU Potrepka, D Tidrow, S Tauber, A Kirchner, K Rod, B Horwitz, J Chang, WT Navi, N Bubb, D AF Potrepka, D Tidrow, S Tauber, A Kirchner, K Rod, B Horwitz, J Chang, WT Navi, N Bubb, D BE Tidrow, SC Horwitz, JS Xi, XX Levy, J TI Studies of thin film ferroelectrics with charge-compensated substitutions in BST SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR TUNABLE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues for Tunable RF and Microwave Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Thin films were prepared from bulk targets by pulsed-laser deposition techniques. The targets were composed of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 with charge-compensated substitutions for Ti4+. Results of the dielectric characterization measurements will be discussed and compared to the results of similar measurements in bulk materials with the same composition. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Potrepka, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-656-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 720 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV34Q UT WOS:000178622400024 ER PT S AU Crowne, FJ Tidrow, SC AF Crowne, FJ Tidrow, SC BE Tidrow, SC Horwitz, JS Xi, XX Levy, J TI The ferroelectric slab waveguide: a geometry for microwave components that incorporate ferroelectric materials SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR TUNABLE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues for Tunable RF and Microwave Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB A slab geometry, in which ferroelectric is inserted between two "cladding" layers with a microstrip electrode placed on top, is proposed as a way to integrate the properties of ferroelectric materials into microwave components. This structure distributes the propagating microwave fields between the ferroelectric and the cladding, so that the microwave dielectric constant is a weighted average of the dielectric constants of the two materials. It is shown that this geometry drastically reduces dissipation due to dielectric losses in the ferroelectric. In addition, by applying a dc bias to the microstrip line, the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric layer can be varied and with it the microwave properties of the structure. C1 USA, Res Lab, RF Elect Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Crowne, FJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RF Elect Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-656-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 720 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV34Q UT WOS:000178622400026 ER PT S AU Synowczynski, J Hirsch, S Gersten, B AF Synowczynski, J Hirsch, S Gersten, B BE Tidrow, SC Horwitz, JS Xi, XX Levy, J TI Rapid gel cast prototyping of complex paraelectric (Ba,Sr)TiO3/MgO composites SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR TUNABLE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues for Tunable RF and Microwave Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID CERAMICS AB A rapid prototyping process for manufacturing complex three-dimensional RF structures in ceramic systems was developed. The process combines fundamentals from lost wax investment casting and ceramic gelcasting. The first step is to directly deposit a mold made of a low melting point wax using a high precision inkjet rapid prototyper. Then, a gelcasting slurry containing polymeric precursors, a high solids loading of ceramic powders and a free radical initiator is cast into the mold and polymerized to lock in the structure. Finally, the mold is melted and the remaining green part is sintered. Aqueous gelcasting slurries were developed for MgCO3, (Ba,Sr)TiO3, and a composite of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 and MgO. The maximum solids loading attained for each of the powders was 22 V%, 50 V%, and 25 V% respectively. The 50 V% gelcast part had a more uniform microstructure, higher sintered density, less open porosity and smaller gain size than parts produced through dry pressing. The microstructural improvements resulted in a high dielectric permittivity. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Synowczynski, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-656-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 720 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV34Q UT WOS:000178622400029 ER PT J AU Pereira, A AF Pereira, A TI Combat trauma and the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder in female and male veterans SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Research suggests that women are generally more often diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than men. Nevertheless, mental health practitioners diagnose PTSD at higher rates in male veterans. This study examines whether PTSD is underdiagnosed in female veterans. The researcher administered scales measuring combat exposure, PTSD symptomatology, life stress, and current distress to 110 veterans; reviewed medical records to determine participants' diagnoses; and compared variables by gender using logistical regression, chi(2) tests, t tests, and descriptive statistics. The findings are that (a) men experienced higher levels of combat stress; (b) increased exposure to stress was associated with increased PTSD symptomatology; (c) men and women who were exposed to similar levels of stress were equally likely to have PTSD symptoms; and (d) men were more likely to be diagnosed with PTSD. The results suggest that female veterans are underdiagnosed with combat-related PTSD. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Hlth Promot & Wellness, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Pereira, A (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Hlth Promot & Wellness, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 6 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DM UT WOS:000181420000005 PM 11799808 ER PT J AU Hyams, KC Barrett, DH Duque, D Engel, CC Friedl, K Gray, G Hogan, B Hyams, KC Kaforski, G Murphy, F North, R Riddle, J Ryan, MAK Trump, DH Wells, J AF Hyams, KC Barrett, DH Duque, D Engel, CC Friedl, K Gray, G Hogan, B Hyams, KC Kaforski, G Murphy, F North, R Riddle, J Ryan, MAK Trump, DH Wells, J TI The recruit assessment program: A program to collect comprehensive baseline health data from US military personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Pilot testing has begun on the Recruit Assessment Program (RAP). The RAP is a proposed Department of Defense (DoD) program for the routine collection of baseline demographic, medical, psychosocial, occupational, and health risk factor data from all U.S. military personnel at entry into the armed forces. The RAP currently uses an optically scannable paper questionnaire, which will provide data for the first building block of an electronic medical record within the DoD and the Department of Veterans Affairs. The RAP will serve several important functions, including automating enrollment into the military health care system, improving patient care and preventive medicine efforts, and providing critical data for investigations of health problems among military personnel and veterans. If the feasibility of the RAP is demonstrated and the program is fully implemented throughout the DoD, it could provide a substantial improvement in health care delivery. For the first time, DoD and Department of Veterans Affairs physicians, public health officers, and researchers will have access to comprehensive baseline health status data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Air Educ & Training Command, San Antonio, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Dept Epidemiol, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Recruit Training Command, Great Lakes, IL USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA. Pentagon, Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Hyams, KC (reprint author), Vet Affairs Cent Off 13, 810 Vermont Ave NW, Washington, DC 20420 USA. OI Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 1 BP 44 EP 47 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DM UT WOS:000181420000009 PM 11799812 ER PT J AU Adams, BD Whitlock, WL AF Adams, BD Whitlock, WL TI Bystander cricothyroidotomy performed with an improvised airway SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Southeastern-Society-for-Academic-Emergency-Medicine CY MAR, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP SE Soc Acad Emergency Med AB Objective: We report a roadside cricothyroidotomy successfully performed with only a pocketknife and the drinking straw from a sports bottle. Our study compared the adequacy of standard medical airway devices with some readily available nonmedical items that might be used as temporary tracheostomy tubes (TT). Methods: We compared the airway resistances (R-aw) of two standard cricothyroidotomy airway devices against the barrel from a ballpoint pen and two sports bottle straws. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in Raw between the straws and standard airway devices. However, the pen barrel had much higher R-aw. Conclusion: This is the first study to compare available nonmedical items that might be used as temporary TTs for bystander cricothyroidotomy. Two types of straws found on sports bottles had relatively low R-aw compared with standard TTs. However, the barrel from a ballpoint pen had a much higher R-aw and is an unacceptable choice. C1 Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Directorate Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Adams, BD (reprint author), Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Directorate Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 1 BP 76 EP 78 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DM UT WOS:000181420000017 PM 11799820 ER PT J AU Sherman, PM Bridwell, RS AF Sherman, PM Bridwell, RS TI Focal accumulation of a radiopharmaceutical in the liver on technetium-99m gated blood pool and apcitide scintigraphy leading to the diagnosis of superior vena cava obstruction SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CT FINDINGS; PEPTIDE AB Focal increased enhancement or radiopharmaceutical uptake in the liver has been associated with superior vena cava syndrome. This report describes the finding in a patient imaged with a relatively new agent, Tc-99m Apcitide. The collateral pathways responsible for the liver "hot spot" are reviewed, as is the role of Tc-99m Apcitide in deep venous thrombosis imaging. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Sherman, PM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 1 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DM UT WOS:000181420000018 PM 11799821 ER PT J AU Gilliland, WR Malloy, MA AF Gilliland, WR Malloy, MA TI A 39-year-old Lieutenant Colonel stationed in Saudi Arabia with arthritis, fevers, and rash SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOFGRENS-SYNDROME; SARCOIDOSIS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Rheumatol Program, Rheumatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gilliland, WR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Rheumatol Program, Rheumatol Serv, Bldg 2,Ward 77, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 1 BP 87 EP 90 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DM UT WOS:000181420000021 PM 11799824 ER PT J AU Bartone, PT Johnsen, BH Eid, J Brun, W Laberg, JC AF Bartone, PT Johnsen, BH Eid, J Brun, W Laberg, JC TI Factors influencing small-unit cohesion in Norwegian Navy officer cadets SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP COHESIVENESS; PERFORMANCE; STRESS; DISINTEGRATION; METAANALYSIS; INTEGRATION; HEALTH; MORALE; STRAIN; SPORT AB Although cohesion is frequently believed to improve performance in military units, few studies have sought to determine what factors contribute to its formation. In this study, we used a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effects of several factors on small-unit cohesion in 2 cohorts of Norwegian Navy officer cadets. Cohesion levels in squad-size units were assessed before and after an intensive, week-long sustained operations exercise. Factors found to contribute to increased cohesion levels included the experience of the stressful exercise itself and previous familiarity with other team members. Positive effects on cohesion were also found for personality hardiness and small-unit leadership, suggesting that how stressful experiences get interpreted at the individual and the group levels also influence unit cohesion. Taken together, these findings suggest that cohesion can be increased in small military units by maximizing member familiarity within the units and by providing challenging tasks within an organizational and leadership climate that emphasizes the overall value and positive meaning of such experiences. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Leader Dev Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Royal Norwegian Naval Acad, Bergen, Norway. Univ Bergen, Dept Psychosocial Sci, Bergen, Norway. RP Bartone, PT (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Leader Dev Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RI brun, wibecke/B-3260-2010; Eid, Jarle/G-1346-2014; Dopko, Rae/J-7437-2015; OI Bartone, Paul/0000-0002-5767-0086 NR 69 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 9 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1401_01 PG 22 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 545AC UT WOS:000175193200001 ER PT J AU Romano, JA King, JM AF Romano, JA King, JM TI Preface to the special issue SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Romano, JA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Rickerts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 83 EP 84 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1402_1 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 565WN UT WOS:000176392600001 ER PT J AU Romano, JA King, JM AF Romano, JA King, JM TI Chemical warfare and chemical terrorism: Psychological and performance outcomes SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MILITARY PERFORMANCE C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Chem & Biol Def Informat Anal Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Romano, JA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1402_2 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 565WN UT WOS:000176392600002 ER PT J AU McDonough, JH AF McDonough, JH TI Performance impacts of nerve agents and their pharmacological countermeasures SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TOKYO SUBWAY; PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE; REM-SLEEP; DIAZEPAM INTAKE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS; INDUCED SEIZURE; SARIN; MECHANISMS C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Appl Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP McDonough, JH (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Appl Pharmacol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 114 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 93 EP 119 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1402_3 PG 27 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 565WN UT WOS:000176392600003 ER PT J AU Cerasoli, DM Lenz, DE AF Cerasoli, DM Lenz, DE TI Nerve agent bioscavengers: Protection with reduced behavioral effects SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANHYDRIDE HYDROLASE ACTIVITY; HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; RHESUS-MONKEYS; SOMAN TOXICITY; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE PROPHYLAXIS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PRETREATMENT DRUGS; CHOLINESTERASES; PERFORMANCE C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Lenz, DE (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 121 EP 143 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1402_4 PG 23 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 565WN UT WOS:000176392600004 ER PT J AU Smith, WJ AF Smith, WJ TI Vesicant agents and antivesicant medical countermeasures: Clinical toxicology and psychological implications SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT; SULFUR MUSTARD; NAD+ LEVELS; GAS; DEFENSE C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Smith, WJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1402_5 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 565WN UT WOS:000176392600005 ER PT J AU Baskin, SI Rockwood, GA AF Baskin, SI Rockwood, GA TI Neurotoxicological and behavioral effects of cyanide and its potential therapies SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-NEURON DISEASE; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SODIUM-CYANIDE; RECEPTOR; INTOXICATION; INHIBITION; RESPONSES; KONZO; ACID C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Baskin, SI (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 98 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 159 EP 177 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1402_6 PG 19 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 565WN UT WOS:000176392600006 ER PT J AU Parker, AW Call, VRA Dunkle, R Vaitkus, M AF Parker, AW Call, VRA Dunkle, R Vaitkus, M TI "Out of sight" but not "Out of mind": Parent contact and worry among senior ranking male officers in the military who live long distances from parents SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL; HEALTH-PROMOTION; FAMILY WELLNESS; ADULT CHILDREN; BLOOD-PRESSURE; LIFE-COURSE; SPIRITUALITY; SOLDIER; WOMEN; ANGER AB This study explores variables that influence worry and parent contact among senior military officers who face frequent moves, restricted housing, and overseas assignments, and who have been geographically separated from their parents most of their adult lives. Data on predictors of officer worry and parent contacts were collected from 277 senior ranking male officers (40 to 49 years old). A structural equation model of worry and parent contact among male officers showed that previous parental illness, parent's age, and the tendency among officers to have an angry temperament increased their worry. Conversely, number of siblings and satisfaction with a "parent care plan" decreased worry about parents. Number of siblings also decreased contact with parents. Quality of interpersonal relationships and branch of service (Army and Marine Corps) increased contacts with parents. This research underscores the importance of examining the invisible "anguish" of adult sons who are precluded from visiting their parents by distance or employment situations, lends quantitative support to previous qualitative findings, and indicates that satisfaction with a realistic parent care plan reduces worries about elderly parents. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Social Work, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Aging, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Geriatr & Gerontol, Birmingham, AL USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Sociol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, War Coll, Phys Fitness Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Parker, AW (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Social Work, Little Hall,Box 870314, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM mwparker@sw.ua.edu NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 257 EP 277 PG 21 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 618ET UT WOS:000179406300001 ER PT J AU Picano, JJ Roland, RR Rollins, KD Williams, TJ AF Picano, JJ Roland, RR Rollins, KD Williams, TJ TI Development and validation of a sentence completion test measure of defensive responding in military personnel assessed for nonroutine missions SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STYLES; HEALTH AB We present a scoring system for common defensive responses to a sentence completion test in 190 male volunteers who were screened in an operational assessment and selection program for nonroutine military assignment. Common defensive efforts include the following: omissions (blanks, incomplete responses), denial (negation), redundant responses (tautologies), flippant responses, responses about the test, and simple associations. These responses are reliably coded using exemplar ratings. Sentence completion test (SCT) verbal defensiveness is largely independent of verbal ability. Participants higher in verbal defensiveness are judged by psychologists as lower in suitability for high demand military missions and by peers as less desirable coworkers in a high stress military mission. SCT verbal defensiveness is higher among personnel who fail to complete an operational assessment and selection program. Two dimensions underlie common defensive efforts: inhibition and resistance. Neither factor is very extensively related to the "Big Five" personality dimensions. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Natl Def Univ, Ind Coll, Dept Leadership & Informat Strategy, Washington, DC 20319 USA. USA, War Coll, Army Phys Fitness Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Picano, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 2230 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 279 EP 298 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1404_4 PG 20 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 618ET UT WOS:000179406300002 ER PT J AU Bartone, PT Snook, SA Tremble, TR AF Bartone, PT Snook, SA Tremble, TR TI Cognitive and personality predictors of leader performance in west point cadets SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 5-FACTOR MODEL; META-ANALYSIS; LIFE EVENTS; SKILLS; GENDER AB The question of how to develop effective leaders is one of major importance to military organizations. This study, which examines a large cohort of U.S. Military Academy cadets over time, tests the influence of cognitive and personality variables on military leadership performance over a 4-year period. Hierarchical multiple regression procedures are used to identify factors at entry into the Academy that successfully predict military development grades as upperclassmen, 3 to 4 years later. A moderately stable cross-validated model reveals cognitive factors (college entrance scores, social judgment skills, and logical reasoning) and personality factors (agreeableness and conscientiousness) that contribute to later leader performance. A main effect for gender on leader performance was also identified, with women performing better than men. The amount of variance in leader performance scores accounted for by variables examined here, although modest, is notable considering the time interval involved. Nevertheless, future studies should explore additional factors, particularly personality ones, that may influence leader performance in developing leaders. C1 United States Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USA, Army Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Bartone, PT (reprint author), United States Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. OI Bartone, Paul/0000-0002-5767-0086 NR 61 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 10 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 321 EP 338 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1404_6 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 618ET UT WOS:000179406300004 ER PT J AU Zhang, YG Wolfson, O AF Zhang, YG Wolfson, O TI Untitled SO MOBILE NETWORKS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Texas, Dept Comp Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USA, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NASA, Ctr Excellence Space Data & Informat Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Comp Sci, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 0 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-469X J9 MOBILE NETW APPL JI Mobile Netw. Appl. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 512MJ UT WOS:000173327900001 ER PT J AU Xu, B Wolfson, O Chamberlain, S Rishe, N AF Xu, B Wolfson, O Chamberlain, S Rishe, N TI Cost based data dissemination in satellite networks SO MOBILE NETWORKS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE data replication; distributed databases; satellite networks AB We consider the problem of data dissemination in a broadcast network. In contrast to previously studied models, broadcasting is among peers, rather than client server. Such a model represents, for example, satellite communication among widely distributed nodes, sensor networks, and mobile ad hoc networks. We introduce a cost model for data dissemination in peer to peer broadcast networks. The model quantifies the tradeoff between the inconsistency of the data, and its transmission cost; the transmission cost may be given in terms of dollars, energy, or bandwidth. Using the model we first determine the parameters for which eager (i.e. consistent) replication has a lower cost than lazy (i.e. inconsistent) replication. Then we introduce a lazy broadcast policy and compare it with several naive or traditional approaches to solving the problem. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Databases & Mobile Comp Lab, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Florida Int Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Mobile Informat Syst Ctr, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NASA, Ctr Excellence Space Data & Informat Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Databases & Mobile Comp Lab, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-469X EI 1572-8153 J9 MOBILE NETW APPL JI Mobile Netw. Appl. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1 BP 49 EP 66 DI 10.1023/A:1013277313373 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 512MJ UT WOS:000173327900005 ER PT J AU Merseburger, AS Young, DY McLeod, DG Connelly, RR Mostofi, FK Srivastava, SK Moul, JW Sesterhenn, IA AF Merseburger, AS Young, DY McLeod, DG Connelly, RR Mostofi, FK Srivastava, SK Moul, JW Sesterhenn, IA TI Evaluation of whole-mount prostate derived tissue arrays by immunostaining of p53 and bcl-2 proteins to predict prostate cancer recurrence SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 MA 727 BP 175A EP 175A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 513QD UT WOS:000173388900744 ER PT J AU Auerbach, MJ Adair, CF Kardon, D Wenig, BM Taubenberger, J Lichy, J Heffner, DK AF Auerbach, MJ Adair, CF Kardon, D Wenig, BM Taubenberger, J Lichy, J Heffner, DK TI Respiratory epithelial carcinoma: A clinicopathologic study SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 MA 902 BP 215A EP 215A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 513QD UT WOS:000173388900925 ER PT J AU Lewin-Smith, MR Ladich, ER Specht, CS Kalasinsky, VF Rabin, L Holtzmuller, KC Moroz, AL Mullick, FG AF Lewin-Smith, MR Ladich, ER Specht, CS Kalasinsky, VF Rabin, L Holtzmuller, KC Moroz, AL Mullick, FG TI A histopathologic study of liver specimens from Persian Gulf War military veterans SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 MA 1199 BP 289A EP 289A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 513QD UT WOS:000173388901222 ER PT S AU Werrlein, RJ Madren-Whalley, JS AF Werrlein, RJ Madren-Whalley, JS BE Periasamy, A So, PTC TI Imaging sulfur mustard lesions in human epidermal tissues and keratinocytes by confocal and multi-photon microscopy SO MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY IN THE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences II CY JAN 20-22, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE sulfur mustard; blisters; human skin; keratin 14; alpha-6 integrin; laminin 5; adhesion complex ID ALPHA(6)BETA(4) INTEGRIN; EPIDERMOLYSIS-BULLOSA; GENETIC-DISORDERS; CYTOSKELETON; ADHESION; HEMIDESMOSOMES; PLECTIN; SUBUNIT; DOMAIN; CELLS AB Topical exposure to sulfur mustard (HD), a known theat agent, produces persistent and debilitating cutaneous blisters. The blisters occur at the dermal-epidermal junction following a dose-dependent latent period of 8-24 h, however, the primary lesions causing vesication remain uncertain. Immunofluorescent images reveal that a 5-min exposure to 400 muM HD disrupts molecules that are also disrupted by epidermolysis bullosa-type blistering diseases of the skin. Using keratinocyte cultures and fluorochomes conjugated to two different keratin-14 (K14) antibodies (clones CKB1 and LL002), results have shown (1) a statistically significant (p < .01) 1-h decrease of 29.2% in expression of the CKB1 epitope, (2) a nearly complete loss of CKB1 expression within 2 h, and (3) progressive cytoskeletal (K14) collapse without loss in expression of the LL002 epitope. With human epidermal tissues, multi-photon images of alpha(6) integrin and laminin 5 showed disruptive changes in the cell-surface organization and integrity of these adhesion molecules. At 1 h postexposure, analyses showed a statistically significant (p < .01) decrease of 27.3% in alpha(6) integrin emissions, and a 32% decrease in laminin 5 volume. Multi-photon imaging indicates that molecules essential for epidermal-dermal attachment are early targets in the alkylating events leading to HD-induced vesication. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Werrlein, RJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4359-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4620 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.1117/12.470695 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Microscopy; Optics SC Engineering; Microscopy; Optics GA BU92R UT WOS:000177418400027 ER PT S AU Lanzerotti, YD Sharma, J AF Lanzerotti, YD Sharma, J BE Merhari, L Gonsalves, KE Dobisz, EA Angelopoulos, M Herr, D TI AFM studies of fracture surfaces of composition B energetic materials SO NANOPATTERNING-FROM ULTRALARGE-SCALE INTERGRATION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanopatterning - From Ultralarge-Scale Integration to Biotechnology held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 25-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP CERAMEC France, Motorola France, Res Ctr, Nanoresist Technologies Inc, Natl Sci Fdn, Whitaker Fdn, Mat Res Soc ID TNT AB The characteristics of TNT (trinitrotoluene) crystals in Composition B have been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The size of TNT crystals has been examined by analyzing the surface structure that is exhibited after mechanical failure of the Composition B. The mechanical failure occurs when the material is subjected to high acceleration (high g) in an ultracentrifuge and. the shear or tensile strength is exceeded. AFM examination of the topography of the Composition B fracture surface reveals fracture across columnar grains of the TNT. The width of the columnar TNT grains ranges in size from similar to1 mum to similar to2 mum, Their height ranges in size from similar to50 nm to similar to300 nm. C1 USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Lanzerotti, YD (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-641-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 705 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU87A UT WOS:000177252400023 ER PT B AU Magness, L Kecskes, L Biancianello, F Ridder, S Chung, M Kapoor, D AF Magness, L Kecskes, L Biancianello, F Ridder, S Chung, M Kapoor, D BE Peckerar, MC Postek, MT TI The performance of a nanocrystalline tungsten composite in ballistic impacts SO NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE, METROLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanostructure Science, Metrology, and Technology CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP SPIE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Off Res ID DEFORMATION; CU; NI AB A novel tungsten heavy alloy with a nanocrystalline microstructure was produced. Tungsten powders were ball milled in a controlled atmosphere environment, with rapidly solidified powders of a binder alloy known to exhibit a stress-induced martensitic transformation. The milled powders were consolidated in a Hot Isostatic Press (HIP). Microstructural examinations arid microhardness tests were conducted on the consolidated product. In quarter-scale ballistic testing, the penetration performance of the nanostructured tungsten composite was compared to those of penetrators of conventional tungsten-based composites and depleted uranium alloys, and showed promise as a kinetic energy penetrator material. Optical and SEM metallographic examinations of the residual penetrator debris examine the flow and failure of the nanocrystalline penetrator material. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Magness, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014 OI Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-4347-6 PY 2002 BP 216 EP 224 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV16M UT WOS:000178040400026 ER PT J AU Levine, BL Bernstein, WB Aronson, NE Schlienger, K Cotte, J Perfetto, S Humphries, MJ Ratto-Kim, S Birx, DL Steffens, C Landay, A Carroll, RG June, CH AF Levine, BL Bernstein, WB Aronson, NE Schlienger, K Cotte, J Perfetto, S Humphries, MJ Ratto-Kim, S Birx, DL Steffens, C Landay, A Carroll, RG June, CH TI Adoptive transfer of costimulated CD4(+) T cells induces expansion of peripheral T cells and decreased CCR5 expression in HIV infection SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; ANTI-CD28 MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; CD28 COSTIMULATION; PLASMA VIREMIA; LYMPH-NODES; BONE-MARROW; LYMPHOCYTES; CD8(+) AB To study the safety and feasibility of T-cell reconstitution in HIV-infected individuals, we adoptively transferred activated autologous CD4(+) T cells. Polyclonal peripheral blood CD4(+) cells were costimulated ex vivo and subjects were given infusions of up to 3 x 10(10) activated CD4(+) Cells. Dose-dependent increases in CD4(+) cell counts and in the CD4:CD8 ratio were observed. Sustained increases in the fraction of cytokine-secreting T cells and decreases in the percentage of CD4(+)CCR5(+) cells were noted in vivo, suggesting enhanced function and resistance to HIV infection. The frequency of CD4(+)Ki-67(+) cells increased whereas CD4(+) T cells containing T cell-receptor rearrangement excision circles (TRECs) decreased. These findings indicate that expansion of the peripheral T-cell pool mediated the increase in CD4 counts and suggest that approaches to reconstitute CD4 helper cell activity and decrease CCR5 expression may augment natural immunity to HIV infection. C1 Univ Penn, Ctr Canc, Abramson Family Canc Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Rush Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Levine, BL (reprint author), Univ Penn, Ctr Canc, Abramson Family Canc Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM levinebl@mail.med.upenn.edu; cjune@mail.med.upenn.edu RI Levine, Bruce/D-1688-2009 NR 42 TC 128 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1038/nm0102-47 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 507XQ UT WOS:000173056900030 PM 11786906 ER PT J AU Yao, C Williams, AJ Cui, P Berti, R Hunter, JC Tortella, FC Dave, JR AF Yao, C. Williams, A. J. Cui, P. Berti, R. Hunter, J. C. Tortella, F. C. Dave, J. R. TI Differential Pattern of Expression of Voltage-gated Sodium Channel Genes Following Ischemic Brain Injury in Rats SO NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ischemia; Stroke; Voltage-gated sodium channels; Gene expression; Quantitative RT-PCR AB This study investigated the effects of brain ischemia on sodium channel gene (NaCh) expression in rats. Using quantitative RT-PCR, our findings demonstrated the expression ratio of NaCh genes in normal rat brain to be Na(v)1.1 > Na(v)1.8 > Na(v)1.3 > Na(v)1.7 (rBI > PN3 > rBIII > PN1). In contrast, brain injury caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) for 2 h followed by reperfusion significantly down-regulated Na(v)1.3 and Na(v)1.7 genes in both injured and contralateral hemispheres; whereas the Na(v)1.8 gene was down regulated in only the injured hemisphere (though only acutely at 2 or 2-6 h post-MCAo). However, the time-course of NaCh gene expression revealed a significant down-regulation of Na(v)1.1 only in the ischemic hemisphere beginning 6 h post-MCAo and measured out to 48 h post-MCAo. In a separate preliminary study Na(v)1.2 (rBII) gene was found be expressed at levels greater than that of Na(v)1.1 in normal rats and was significantly down regulated at 24 h post-MCAo. Our findings document, for the first time, quantitative and relative changes in the expression of various NaCh genes following ischemic brain injury and suggest that the Na(v)1.1 sodium channel gene may play a key role in ischemic injury/recovery. C1 [Yao, C.; Williams, A. J.; Cui, P.; Berti, R.; Tortella, F. C.; Dave, J. R.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hunter, J. C.] Schering Plough Res Inst, CNS CV Biol Res, Kenilworth, NJ 07033 USA. RP Dave, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jit.dave@na.amedd.army.mil NR 49 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8428 EI 1476-3524 J9 NEUROTOX RES JI Neurotox. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1080/10298420290007646 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V43ZL UT WOS:000209719200008 ER PT S AU Kimball, BR Altshuler, K Cohen, S DeCristofano, B Nakashima, M Panchangam, A Rao, DVGLN Wu, PF AF Kimball, BR Altshuler, K Cohen, S DeCristofano, B Nakashima, M Panchangam, A Rao, DVGLN Wu, PF BE Lawson, CM Meerholz, K TI Evaluation of experimental laser-induced-damage assessment techniques for solid-state nonlinear optical elements SO NONLINEAR OPTICAL TRANSMISSION PROCESSES AND ORGANIC PHOTOREFRACTIVE MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optical Transmission Processes and Organic Photorefractive Materials CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE laser-induced damage; nonlinear optics; damage threshold; nonlinear absorption; nanosecond laser pulses; single shot; multiple shot; linear transmission AB A comparison is made of two, laser-induced-damage assessment techniques. The first technique monitors the sample for changes in linear transmission after high-energy laser illumination. With the second technique, an image is transmitted through the sample, after high-energy laser illumination, at the position of incidence. Both single and multiple shot data are considered. Results show the imaging technique to be an efficient method by which to unambiguously discern the onset of image-degrading laser-damage, regardless of detector noise, shot-to-shot variations and sample inhomogeneities. Practically speaking, the imaging technique is relatively easy to incorporate into a laser-based experimental system and is particularly relevant to the assessment of optical systems for imaging. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kimball, BR (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4176-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4462 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.452741 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU20N UT WOS:000175310500005 ER PT S AU Nakashima, M Hoke, L Kimball, BR Kowalski, GJ Rao, DN Rao, DVGLN AF Nakashima, M Hoke, L Kimball, BR Kowalski, GJ Rao, DN Rao, DVGLN BE Lawson, CM Meerholz, K TI Numerical Simulations of solvent effects on optical transmission processes for zinc porphyrins SO NONLINEAR OPTICAL TRANSMISSION PROCESSES AND ORGANIC PHOTOREFRACTIVE MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optical Transmission Processes and Organic Photorefractive Materials CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optical materials; thermally stimulated nonlinear effects; zinc porphyrins; solvent effects; laser beam propagation ID TRANSIENT AB The optical transmission processes for a nonlinear optical (NLO) material are influenced by the properties of its environment. NLO properties such as intersystem crossing rates may be altered by characteristics of the host such as polarity. The effects of the host material on the optical transmission of the NLO material is investigated using numerical laser beam propagation modeling (LBPM) techniques. Numerical simulations are reported for the optical transmission for zinc meso-tetra(p-methoxyphenyl)tetrabenzporphyrin (ZnTMPTBP) in liquids of differing polarity such as toluene, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane (DCM), acetone, and pyridine. In addition to investigating the effect of the solvent on transmission, these calculations explore the effect on transmission of two different singlet lifetimes which have been reported in the literature. Transmission curves are calculated using separately determined parameters obtained from curve fitting using zscan data. Calculated results are compared with experimental data for all cases. Z-scans are also calculated for several cases and the results compared to experimental data. Numerical simulations provide a valuable tool to study the optical transmission behavior of NLO materials such as ZnTMPTBP. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Nakashima, M (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4176-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4462 BP 54 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.452720 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU20N UT WOS:000175310500007 ER PT J AU Sarnecky, MT AF Sarnecky, MT TI Review essay: Telling the stories of World War II military nurses SO NURSING HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Review C1 USA, Off Med Hist, Off Surg Gen, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. RP Sarnecky, MT (reprint author), USA, Off Med Hist, Off Surg Gen, 6953 Dusty Rose Pl, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 536 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 1062-8061 J9 NURS HIST REV JI Nurs. Hist. Rev. PY 2002 VL 10 BP 189 EP 192 PG 4 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; History Of Social Sciences; Nursing SC History & Philosophy of Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Nursing GA 514GJ UT WOS:000173430400011 ER PT J AU Liu, PC Schwab, DJ Jensen, RE AF Liu, PC Schwab, DJ Jensen, RE TI Has wind-wave modeling reached its limit? SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE wind waves; wave modeling; ocean waves; WAM model ID PREDICTION MODEL; LAKE ERIE AB This article uses a comparison of four different numerical wave prediction models for hindcast wave conditions in Lake Michigan during a 10-day episode in October 1988 to illustrate that typical wave prediction models based on the concept of a wave energy spectrum may have reached a limit in the accuracy with which they can simulate realistic wave generation and growth conditions. In the hindcast study we compared the model results to observed wave height and period measurements from two deep water NOAA/NDBC weather buoys and from a nearshore Waverider buoy. Hourly wind fields interpolated from a large number of coastal and overlake observations were used to drive the models. The same numerical grid was used for all the models. The results show that while the individual model predictions deviate from the measurements by various amounts, they all tend to reflect the general trend and patterns of the wave measurements. The differences between the model results are often similar in magnitude to differences between model results and observations. Although the four models tested represent a wide range of sophistication in their treatment of wave growth dynamics, they are all based on the assumption that the sea state can be represented by a wave energy spectrum. Because there are more similarities among the model results than significant differences, we believe that this assumption may be the limiting factor for substantial improvements in wave modeling. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Liu, PC (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012 NR 14 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 81 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0029-8018(00)00074-3 PG 18 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 482HV UT WOS:000171571500005 ER PT J AU Andrew, NL Agatsuma, Y Ballesteros, E Bazhin, AG Creaser, EP Barnes, DKA Botsford, LW Bradbury, A Campbell, A Dixon, JD Einarsson, S Gerring, PK Hebert, K Hunter, M Hur, SB Johnson, CR Juinio-Menez, MA Kalvass, P Miller, RJ Moreno, CA Palleiro, JS Rivas, D Robinson, SML Schroeter, SC Steneck, RS Vadas, RL Woodby, DA Xiaoqi, Z AF Andrew, NL Agatsuma, Y Ballesteros, E Bazhin, AG Creaser, EP Barnes, DKA Botsford, LW Bradbury, A Campbell, A Dixon, JD Einarsson, S Gerring, PK Hebert, K Hunter, M Hur, SB Johnson, CR Juinio-Menez, MA Kalvass, P Miller, RJ Moreno, CA Palleiro, JS Rivas, D Robinson, SML Schroeter, SC Steneck, RS Vadas, RL Woodby, DA Xiaoqi, Z TI Status and management of world sea urchin fisheries SO OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE BIOLOGY, VOL 40 SE OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; KELP FOREST COMMUNITIES; PARACENTROTUS-LIVIDUS ECHINODERMATA; LOXECHINUS-ALBUS MOLINA; 2 CONTRASTING HABITATS; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-FRANCISCANUS; MACROCYSTIS-PYRIFERA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CENTROSTEPHANUS-RODGERSII; STOCK ENHANCEMENT AB World production of sea urchins peaked in 1995, when 120 306 t were landed. Chile dominates world production, producing more than half the world's total landings of 90 257 t in 1998. Other important fisheries are found in Japan, Maine, British Columbia, California, South Korea, New Brunswick, Russia, Mexico, Alaska, Nova Scotia, and in a number of countries that produced less than 1000 t in 1998. Aside from the Chilean fishery for Loxechinus albus, most harvest is of Strongylocentrouts spp., particularly S. intermedius, S. firanciscanus, and S. droebachiensis. Only a small minority of fisheries have been formally assessed and in the absence of such assessments it is difficult to determine whether fisheries are over-fished or whether the large declines observed in many represent the "fish down" of accumulated biomass. Nevertheless, those in Chile, Japan, Maine, California and Washington and a number of smaller fisheries, have declined considerably since their peaks and are likely to be over-fished. Fisheries in Japan, South Korea and the Philippines have been enhanced by reseeding hatchery-reared juveniles and by modifying reefs to increase their structural complexity and to promote the growth of algae. Sea urchin fisheries have potentially large ecological effects, usually mediated through increases in the abundance and biomass of large brown algae. Although such effects may have important consequences for management of these and related fisheries, only in Nova Scotia, South Korea and Japan is ecological knowledge incorporated into management. C1 Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Lab Appl Aquat Bot, Sendai, Miyagi 9818555, Japan. CSIC, Ctr Estudis Avancats Blanes, E-17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain. Kamchatka Res Inst Fisheries & Oceanog, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683002, Russia. Maine Dept Marine Resources, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Zool, Cork, Ireland. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Point Whitney Shellfish Lab, Brinnon, WA 98320 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Petersburgh, AK 99833 USA. Pukyong Natl Univ, Inst Fisheries Sci, Dept Aquaculture, Pusan 612021, South Korea. Univ Tasmania, Tasmanian Aquaculture & Fisheries Inst, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Philippines, Inst Marine Sci, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. Univ Austral Chile, Inst Ecol & Evoluc, Valdivia, Chile. Ctr Ensenada, Ensenada 22880, Baja California, Mexico. Subsecretaria Pesca, Dept Pesquerias, Valparaiso, Chile. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. Ocean Univ Qingdao, Coll Fisheries, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. RP Andrew, NL (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, POB 14-901, Wellington, New Zealand. RI Andrew, Neil/B-8614-2009; Ballesteros, Enric/K-6497-2012; Johnson, Craig/E-1788-2013 OI Johnson, Craig/0000-0002-9511-905X NR 318 TC 157 Z9 159 U1 6 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0078-3218 J9 OCEANOGR MAR BIOL PY 2002 VL 40 BP 343 EP 425 PG 83 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BV71S UT WOS:000179883800007 ER PT B AU Corson, W Rhee, J Lillycrop, L Robinson, P AF Corson, W Rhee, J Lillycrop, L Robinson, P GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Water-level and directional wave data collection in Mississippi sound and the Gulf of Mexico near Pascagoula, MS SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB In support of the U.S. Army Engineer District, Mobile's Pascagoula Harbor dredged material management plan studies, two directional (DWG) and one non-directional wave gages were deployed offshore of Pascagoula, MS. MS00N (the non-directional gage) and MS002 (a DWG) were deployed adjacent to Pascagoula Channel range marker "B" platform. MS001 (also a DWG) was deployed in the Gulf of Mexico approximately 2,000 ft offshore of Petit Bois Island, near Horn Island Pass. The data were used in an assessment of the validity of numerically generated estimates. The data also provide details of vessel wakes for the location adjacent to the channel. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Corson, W (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 525 EP 529 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200085 ER PT B AU Wozencraft, JM AF Wozencraft, JM GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Complete coastal mapping with Airborne Lidar SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Eight years of SHOALS (Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey) operations have proven that airborne lidar is an ideal tool for rapidly measuring shallow water depths and nearshore land elevations. SHOALS has produced high-density measurements of the coastal zone, enabling coastal engineers and scientists to quantify volumes of navigation channel shoaling, track movement of sand placed for beach nourishment, aid in coral reef mapping, and provide depths and navigation hazard locations for nautical charting. SHOALS success in producing valuable data for an ever-widening range of coastal applications has culminated in the development of the next-generation of airborne lidar sensors. SHOALS-1000 will be an integrated system including a bathymetric lidar component, a topographic lidar component, and a digital imagery capability. The bathymetric component will operate at a rate of 1,000 Hz, while the topographic component will operate at 10,000 Hz. SHOALS-1000 will collect data exceeding IHO Order 1 requirements and will easily mobilize in most photogrammetric aircraft of opportunity. Current SHOALS data processing schemes are automated for the new system based on the expertise gained through eight years of evaluating lidar returns from the SHOALS system. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Tech Ctr Expertis, Mobile, AL 36602 USA. RP Wozencraft, JM (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Tech Ctr Expertis, Mobile Dist,109 St Joseph St, Mobile, AL 36602 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1194 EP 1198 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200188 ER PT B AU McKinney, JP Howell, GL AF McKinney, JP Howell, GL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI An examination of coherence of directional wave time series from bottom-mounted pressure and current sensors SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB This paper examines the coherence between kinematic variables from different types of bottom mounted instruments used for coastal directional wave measurements. Long term field data from PPP, PEMCM and PADV for several locations and wave conditions are analyzed for wave direction and coherence. Directional wave measurements analyzed from arrays of sensors assume that the time series of wave kinematics are statistically homogenous. Sensor time series should differ only in amplitude and phase. For real-world field measurements sensor data contains noise components and systematic errors and biases. Coherence between sensor pairs is a common method of quantifying the noise and error. Our results show very high coherence between individual pressure time series in short base-line pressure arrays. Slope components computed from the pressure array are used for directional analysis. We find slope coherence less than the scalar pressures but generally high. Coherence between U and V components of horizontal velocity measured by current meters should be very high because they are cartesian components of the current vector. Our data show this is generally true for common E-M current meters. For acoustic doppler (PADP) velocity meters the coherence was significantly lower. Coherence is potentially useful as a metric for comparing different sensor systems accuracy for directional estimates. It also is frequently used as a quality control test for automated data analysis. Non-acoustic systems generally exhibit high coherence when operating correctly. For acoustic systems the question arises as to how good must coherence be for acceptable data. We present exploratory analyses that examine the relationship between coherence and the quality of directional estimates. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res & Dev, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP McKinney, JP (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res & Dev, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1755 EP + DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191899 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200276 ER PT J AU Kerrison, JB Lounsbury, D Thirkill, CE Lane, RG Schatz, MP Engler, RM AF Kerrison, JB Lounsbury, D Thirkill, CE Lane, RG Schatz, MP Engler, RM TI Optic neuritis after anthrax vaccination SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual North-American-Neuro-Ophthalmology-Society Meeting CY FEB 18-22, 2001 CL PALM SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA SP N Amer Neuro Ophthalmol Soc ID INFLUENZA VACCINATION; HEPATITIS-B; RUBELLA VACCINATION; BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS; NEUROPATHY; UVEITIS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; MEASLES; MUMPS; NERVE AB Objective: To report the occurrence of optic neuritis after anthrax vaccination in two patients. Design: Observational case reports, review of literature. Methods: Description of clinical history, examination, neuroimaging, and further studies in two patients experiencing optic neuritis in temporal association with anthrax vaccination. Main Outcome Measures: Visual acuity, visual fields. Results: Two patients, 39 and 23 years of age, were seen with acute optic neuritis 1 month and 2 weeks, respectively, after anthrax booster vaccination and successfully treated with intravenous methylprednisolone. The first patient had a typical presentation and course of unilateral retrobulbar optic neuritis with excellent visual recovery. The second patient had a bilateral anterior optic neuritis and has required chronic immunosuppression to maintain his vision. Retinal and optic nerve autoantibodies were present in the second patient. No cross-reactive epitopes between anthrax vaccine and retina/optic nerve were identified. Conclusion: Optic neuritis is a potential adverse reaction of anthrax vaccination. (C) 2002 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USN, Med Ctr, London, England. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ophthalmol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kerrison, JB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [1P30 EY 12576-01] NR 32 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(01)00844-2 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 507XK UT WOS:000173056400029 PM 11772587 ER PT J AU Kwon, L Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM AF Kwon, L Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM TI Adaptive multisensor target detection using feature-based fusion SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE targets; detection; adaptive optics AB Target detection techniques play an important role in automatic target recognition (ATR) systems because overall ATR performance depends closely on detection results. We propose a multisensor target detection technique based on adaptive feature-based fusion suitable to detect low-contrast and/or blurry targets with relatively low computational complexity. The proposed technique extracts four different features designed to find regions of high contrast, strong edges, or high information content. The proposed multisensor target-detection technique incorporates multiple imaging sensors in different spectral ranges, such as the visible, near-infrared, and far-infrared bands. The images from the multiple sensors are jointly processed via feature extraction and multisensor fusion. In the multisensor fusion process, a multisensor confidence image is created by adaptively combining the features generated from the multisensor images to obtain more accurate potential target locations. Experimental results on multisensor test sequences are provided. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kwon, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 69 EP 80 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 516XL UT WOS:000173582000011 ER PT J AU Sibilia, C Bertolotti, M Centini, M D'Aguanno, G Scalora, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM AF Sibilia, C Bertolotti, M Centini, M D'Aguanno, G Scalora, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM TI Linear and nonlinear optical properties of quasi-periodic one-dimensional structures SO OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED RANDOM MEDIA SE TOPICS IN APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID PHOTONIC BAND-GAP; ELECTROMAGNETIC MODE DENSITY; CORRUGATED WAVE-GUIDE; TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES; LOCALIZATION PROBLEM; MEDIA; BISTABILITY; FRACTALS; SURFACES; FINITE AB The optical properties of self-similar optical multilayer structures are first discussed for low input intensities, thus allowing the neglect of nonlinear effects. The structures under consideration are obtained by alternating two dielectric layers of different refractive indexes following a fractal set. The triadic Cantor and the Fibonacci sets are considered, and some applications of the field localization properties of these structures are discussed. Nonlinear behavior is also discussed, restricted to third-order nonlinear polarization of the dielectric materials constituting the structures. C1 INFM, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Energet, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USA, AMSAM, RD, WS,ST,Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Sibilia, C (reprint author), INFM, Via Scarpa 16, I-00161 Rome, Italy. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 J9 TOP APPL PHYS PY 2002 VL 82 BP 63 EP 91 PG 29 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BT98C UT WOS:000174624800004 ER PT S AU Ricklin, JC Davidson, FM Weyrauch, T AF Ricklin, JC Davidson, FM Weyrauch, T BE Kohnle, A Gonglewski, JD Schmugge, TJ TI Free-space laser communication using a partially coherent laser source SO OPTICS IN ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems IV CY SEP 18-20, 2001 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, CNES, NASA ID OPTICAL BEAM; GAUSSIAN BEAMS; PROPAGATION AB Atmospheric turbulence degrades the performance of laser communication systems in that system bit error rates can be orders of magnitude larger than in the absence of turbulence. Using a partially coherent laser beam may reduce system bit error rates due to irradiance scintillations in the receiver focal plane. In order to better understand the propagation of a partially coherent beam in atmospheric turbulence, we derive an analytic expression for the cross-spectral density of a partially coherent lowest-order Gaussian laser beam (TEM00) in turbulence. From the second moment equation expressions for the average intensity, beam size, radius of curvature and lateral coherence length are derived. These results are valid for any beam type: focused, collimated, divergent, and the limiting cases of the plane and spherical wave. We also present preliminary experimental results that indicate a reduction in bit error rates would occur if a partially coherent beam were used. C1 AMSRL CI CN, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20723 USA. RP Ricklin, JC (reprint author), AMSRL CI CN, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20723 USA. RI Davidson, Frederic /A-3273-2010 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4263-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4538 BP 13 EP 23 AR UNSP 4538-04 DI 10.1117/12.454413 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BU16G UT WOS:000175178600002 ER PT J AU Kester, KE AF Kester, KE TI Critical commentary to granulomatous Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating hematopoietic cell transplantation by A. A. Gal et al. (in: Pathol. Res. Pract. 198/8: 553-558, 2002) SO PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Trials, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kester, KE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Trials, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0344-0338 J9 PATHOL RES PRACT JI Pathol. Res. Pract. PY 2002 VL 198 IS 8 BP 559 EP 560 DI 10.1078/0344-0338-00301 PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 604AF UT WOS:000178592900008 ER PT J AU Meyer, KF Kahn, LF AF Meyer, KF Kahn, LF TI Lightweight concrete reduces weight and increases span length of pretensioned concrete bridge girders SO PCI JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The maximum lengths for simple-span pretensioned concrete composite girders using high strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC) were investigated analytically using concrete strengths of 8, 10, and 12 ksi (55, 69, and 83 MPa) and prestressing strands of 0.6 in. (15.2 mm) diameter. The use of HSLWC produced spans up to 4 percent longer than the same section made with high strength normal weight concrete (HSNWC). Based on the AASHTO I-girder and AASHTO-PCI bulb-tee sections examined in this study; the reduced girder weight eliminated the need for special transportation "superload" permits. Modified AASHTO-PCI bulb-tees with one extra row of strands in the bottom flange extended the girders' maximum span length by at least 10 ft (3.1 m). In all cases, the use of lightweight concrete caused greater girder deflections, but all of these values were within the AASHTO specified limit of L/800. Overall, the advantages of lightweight concrete with compressive strengths up to 12 ksi (83 MPa) include lower girder weight, relief from special permitting requirements, and longer span lengths. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Meyer, KF (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRECAST/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INST PI CHICAGO PA 175 W JACKSON BLVD, CHICAGO, IL 60604 USA SN 0887-9672 J9 PCI J JI PCI J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 68 EP 75 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA 526RT UT WOS:000174144000006 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Berg, FJ Longo, FR Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Berg, FJ Longo, FR Durst, HD TI Microwave catalyzed reactions of H-dimethylphosphonate with oxiranes SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE deoxygenation; H-dimethylphosphonate; hydrophosphorylation; oxirane ring cleavage ID ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; REARRANGEMENT; CHEMISTRY; EFFICIENT; PHOSPHATE; EPOXIDES; OVENS; ACID AB Microwave catalyzed reactions of H-dimethylphosphonate with 1,2-epoxydecane, 5,6-epoxy-1-hexene, 1,2-epoxybutane and cyclohexene oxide have been found to cause oxirane ring opening, deoxygenation and hydrophosphorylation. 1,2-Epoxydecane gave three pairs of isomeric products and another arising from the loss of a two-carbon fragment, while 5, 6-epoxy-1-hexene, cyclohexene epoxide and 1,2-epoxybutane yielded 10, 7, and 3 compounds respectively. C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 77 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PY 2002 VL 177 IS 1 BP 215 EP 230 DI 10.1080/10426500210221 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 555EX UT WOS:000175782100020 ER PT S AU Wraback, M Shen, H AF Wraback, M Shen, H BE Brown, GJ Razeghi, M TI Femtosecond studies of fundamental materials issues in III-nitride ultraviolet photodetectors SO PHOTODETECTOR MATERIALS AND DEVICES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photodetector Materials and Devices VII CY JAN 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE femtosecond; reflection; transmission; electroabsorption; GaN; AlGaN; electron velocity; velocity overshoot; nonequilibrium transport; carrier localization; carrier lifetime; alloy fluctuations ID GAN AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; WURTZITE GAN; 10 GHZ; SEMICONDUCTORS; PERFORMANCE; DEVICES AB We have used femtosecond time-resolved optical techniques to study fundamental materials issues in III-nitride semiconductors relevant to the realization of high quality ultraviolet photodetectors. Intensity dependent pump-probe reflectivity and transmission measurements have been employed in the investigation of carrier dynamics in AlGaN alloys with Al content ranging from similar to0.15 to 0.4. For the Al0.15Ga0.85N sample the intensity dependence of the DeltaR decay suggests that at high intensity the shallow traps are saturated and ultrafast nonradiative recombination dominates the carrier dynamics. For the Al0.25Ga0.75N and Al0.4Ga0.6N samples DeltaR decays faster with decreasing intensity and changes sign. Moreover, the decays are faster for a given intensity in the higher Al content. sample. This behavior suggests that in these cases the dynamics are governed by trapping at localized states that become deeper and more numerous as the Al content increases. Within this context the sign change in DeltaR in Al0.4Ga0.6N may be indicative of the onset of photoinduced absorption associated with the excitation of carriers from the localized states to the bands, which has also been observed in time-resolved transmission measurements. This localization may be associated with alloy fluctuations that broaden the absorption edge of the material and degrade the long-wavelength performance of photodetectors. In addition, time-resolved electroabsorption measurements on an AlGaN/GaN heterojunction p-i-n photodiode have been used to study the transient electron velocity overshoot for transport in the c-direction in wurzite GaN. The velocity overshoot is observed at fields well below the field at which the calculated peak steady-state velocity occurs, and it increases with electric field up to similar to320 kV/cm, at which field a peak velocity of 7.25 x 10(7) cm/s is attained within the first 200 fs after photoexcitation. These results are consistent with theoretical Monte Carlo calculations incorporating a GaN full-zone band structure, which show that because of band nonparabolicity in the Gamma valley the majority of electrons do not attain sufficient energy to effect intervalley transfer until they are subjected to higher fields (>325kV/cm). This behavior may have important implications for avalanche photodiodes, for which electrons are promoted to higher lying bands for participation in the avalanche process. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4389-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4650 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1117/12.467652 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BU75E UT WOS:000176913700010 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Donkor, E Hayduk, MJ Pirich, AR Taylor, EW TI Conditional optimization in the four-state protocol of quantum cryptography SO PHOTONIC AND QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic and Quantum Technologies for Aerospace Applications IV CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE quantum cryptography; quantum key distribution; quantum communication; quantum information processing ID INCONCLUSIVE RATE; DISTURBANCE AB Following a review of the probe optimization of Slutsky, Sun, Rao, and Fainman [Phys. Rev. A 57, 2383 (1998)] for the standard four-state protocol of quantum key distribution, I generalize the optimization to variable angle between the signal bases. I calculate the corresponding maximum Renyi information gain by the probe, and determine the optimum probe parameters. A larger set of optimum probe parameters is found for the standard protocol than was known previously. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4482-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4732 BP 160 EP 182 DI 10.1117/12.477424 PG 23 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV29Q UT WOS:000178478300020 ER PT J AU Pipa, VI Vagidov, NZ Mitin, VV Stroscio, M AF Pipa, VI Vagidov, NZ Mitin, VV Stroscio, M TI Electron mobility engineering in semiconductor heterostructures SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE quantum wells; electron-phonon interactions; electronic transport ID ACOUSTIC-PHONON SCATTERING; GAAS HETEROLAYER; LOW-TEMPERATURE; GAS; TRANSPORT; RELAXATION; LAYERS AB It is well known that at low temperatures the acoustic-phonon limited mobility of a two-dimensional electron gas in GaAs heterostructures is determined predominantly by piezoelectric scattering. We suggest a way of significantly enhancing of the acoustic-phonon limited mobility by reducing piezoelectric scattering via inserting thin metal layers at finite distances from the electron channel. As an example, for a GaAs quantum well of 100 A width placed between two metal layers and separated from them by 50 Angstrom, the mobility at T = 0.2 K increases by about 10 times. Moreover, the mobility increases several times when only one metal layer or highly doped semiconductor is placed near a narrow well. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Mitin, VV (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00224-7 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 520VF UT WOS:000173802100006 ER PT J AU Glavin, BA Kochelap, VA Linnik, TL Kim, KW Stroscio, MA AF Glavin, BA Kochelap, VA Linnik, TL Kim, KW Stroscio, MA TI Voltage-controlled generation of high-frequency coherent acoustic phonons in superlattices SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on the Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Systems CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE coherent phonons; generation of phonons; hopping conduction AB We demonstrate that doped superlattices in the hopping conduction regime can be used for efficient generation of high-frequency coherent acoustic phonons. The phonons that can be generated in actual finite-length superlattice structures lay at the edge of the phonon miniband and have vanishingly small radiation losses. This causes onset of the phonon generation in a relatively narrow range of Stark splitting (or electric bias) which is complemented by a peak of the current-voltage characteristic of superlattice, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. N Carolina State Univ, Dept ECE, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Glavin, BA (reprint author), Inst Semicond Phys, Pr Nauki 45, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-4 BP 458 EP 461 AR PII S1386-9477(01)00330-7 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00330-7 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 545FL UT WOS:000175206300113 ER PT J AU Romanov, D Mitin, V Stroscio, M AF Romanov, D Mitin, V Stroscio, M TI Polar surface vibration strips on GaN/AlN quantum dots and their interaction with confined electrons SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on the Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Systems CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE quantum dots; GaN/AlN; optical phonons ID PHONONS AB The conditions are found for the existence of polar surface vibrational modes on a spheroidal quantum dot. These conditions deter-mine allowed windows in the frequency-surface coordinate plane. The modes found are either truly localized of leaky states. The latter can provide effective energy relaxation of the confined electrons. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Mitin, V (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-4 BP 491 EP 494 AR PII S1386-9477(01)00399-X DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00399-X PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 545FL UT WOS:000175206300121 ER PT J AU Davis, VT Thompson, JS AF Davis, VT Thompson, JS TI Measurement of the electron affinity of thulium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-IONS; LANTHANIDES AB The electron affinity of thulium has been measured using laser photodetachment electron spectroscopy, The electron affinity of Tm((2) F-7/2) was determined to be 1.029+/-0.022 eV. The data also show that Tm- has at least one bound excited state with a binding energy of 0.979+/-0.017 eV relative to the ground state of the thulium atom. The present experimental measurements are compared to a recent calculation of the electronic structure of Tm- and a recent experimental investigation of Tm-. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Chem Phys Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Davis, VT (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. OI Thompson, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9699-5767 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 010501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.010501 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 511PB UT WOS:000173273800003 ER PT J AU Armstrong, TA Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, SJ Bertaina, M Chikanian, A Coe, SD Cormier, TM Davies, R Dover, CB Fachini, P Fadem, B Finch, LE George, NK Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, R Huang, HZ Jaradat, H Kumar, BS Lainis, T Lajoie, JG Lewis, RA Li, Q Libby, B Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Pless, IA Pope, JK Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rimai, A Rose, A Rotondo, FS Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, AJ Smith, GA Tincknell, ML Toothacker, WS Van Buren, G Wohn, FK Xu, Z AF Armstrong, TA Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, SJ Bertaina, M Chikanian, A Coe, SD Cormier, TM Davies, R Dover, CB Fachini, P Fadem, B Finch, LE George, NK Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, R Huang, HZ Jaradat, H Kumar, BS Lainis, T Lajoie, JG Lewis, RA Li, Q Libby, B Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Pless, IA Pope, JK Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rimai, A Rose, A Rotondo, FS Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, AJ Smith, GA Tincknell, ML Toothacker, WS Van Buren, G Wohn, FK Xu, Z CA E864 Collaboration TI Production of particle unstable light nuclei in 11.5A GeV/c Au+Pt heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE-FUNCTION A(Q(2)); EXPANSION; E864; HE-4; AGS; FLOW AB We report measurements from experiment E864 at the BNL-AGS of the yields of particle unstable light nuclei in central collisions of Au-197 with beam momentum of 11.5A GeV/c on Pt-197. Yields are reported as a function of rapidity for the nuclei H-4, Li-4, He-5, and Li-5 in the rapidity range from y(c.m.) to y(c.m.)+0.8 and in the transverse momentum range of approximately 0.1 less than or equal to p(T)/A less than or equal to 0.4 GeV/c. The yields are compared to previously reported yields and trends for the production of stable light nuclei. The nonobservation of two excited states He-5(16.75 MeV)* and Li-5(16.66 MeV)* is used to set an upper limit on the yields of these states. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Armstrong, TA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014906 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.014906 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 512EK UT WOS:000173308000040 ER PT J AU Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, SJ Bertaina, M Chikanian, A Cormier, TM Fachini, P Fadem, B Finch, LE George, NK Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, R Huang, HZ Jaradat, H Lainis, T Lajoie, JG Li, Q Long, H Maguire, C Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Petridis, A Pless, IA Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rose, A Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, AJ Tai, A Van Buren, G Wohn, FK Xu, Z Yamamoto, E AF Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, SJ Bertaina, M Chikanian, A Cormier, TM Fachini, P Fadem, B Finch, LE George, NK Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, R Huang, HZ Jaradat, H Lainis, T Lajoie, JG Li, Q Long, H Maguire, C Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Petridis, A Pless, IA Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rose, A Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, AJ Tai, A Van Buren, G Wohn, FK Xu, Z Yamamoto, E CA E941 Collaboration TI Leading baryon production in p+A collisions at relativistic energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR STOPPING POWER; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; GEV/C; PROTON; E864; DISTRIBUTIONS; DEPENDENCE; MODEL AB Invariant multiplicity distributions of the leading neutron and proton have been measured in minimum bias p + Be, p + Al, p + Cu, and p + Pb collisions at 19 GeV/c and p + Be and p + Pb collisions at 12 GeV/c with the E864/E941 spectrometer at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). The experimental acceptance for the measurement covers a rapidity region of 1.7 less than or equal to y less than or equal to 3.3 and transverse momentum region of 0.075 GeV/c less than or equal to p(T) less than or equal to 1,025 GeV/c. The leading proton and leading neutron production, as a function of the light cone momentum fraction x,, show energy scaling at AGS energies. The proton/neutron ratio, (dN/dx(+))(p)/(dN/dx(+))(n), decreases from about 5.0 near beam rapidity to about one at midrapidity, The ratio has no strong target dependence as a function of rapidity. The target dependence of the leading proton distribution as a function of x(+) demonstrates an approximate energy scaling from the AGS to the Super Proton Synchrotron. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Barish, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014904 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.014904 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 512EK UT WOS:000173308000038 ER PT S AU Choi, KK AF Choi, KK BE Blood, P Osinski, M Arakawa, Y TI QWIP technology: Advances and prospects SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices X CY JAN 21-25, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE QWIPs; FPAs; quantum dots; quantum grids ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTOR; FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; QUANTUM DOTS AB Quantum well infrared technology has been progressing rapidly in the last several years. There are a number of focal plane array development projects conducted in earnest around the world. Different applications areas are also being explored. In this article, I will give a brief overview of the current technology, and discuss some of our recent progresses. They include the more accurate prediction on the material optical properties, the better understanding of the light coupling mechanisms and the demonstration of the corrugated-QWIP FPAs. Despite the current achievements, there are still problems in QWIPs in reaching out to both low and high temperature operation. I will discuss the prospects of using quantum dots and quantum grids in improving this technology. C1 USA, Res Lab, Electroopt & Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Electroopt & Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4385-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4646 BP 79 EP 93 DI 10.1117/12.470503 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU90D UT WOS:000177343700009 ER PT S AU Wraback, M Shen, H Rudin, S AF Wraback, M Shen, H Rudin, S BE Blood, P Osinski, M Arakawa, Y TI Use of photodetectors for the measurement of carrier velocities in wide bandgap semiconductors SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices X CY JAN 21-25, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE femtosecond; transmission; electroabsorption; GaN; AlGaN; p-i-n diode; electron velocity-field characteristic; transient electron velocity overshoot; nonequilibrium transport ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; GAN AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODETECTORS; WURTZITE GAN; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; BULK ZINCBLENDE; 10 GHZ; NITRIDE; PHASES AB We present an optically-detected time-of-flight technique with femtosecond resolution that monitors the change in the electroabsorption due to charge transport in a p-i-n diode, and show how it may be used to determine the electron transit time, velocity-field characteristic, and transient electron velocity overshoot in GaN at room temperature. In a GaN homojunction p-i-n diode, the peak electron velocity of 1.9x10(7) cm/s, corresponding to a transit time of similar to2.5 ps across the 0.53 mum depletion region, is attained at similar to225 kV/cm. The steady-state velocity-field characteristic is in qualitative agreement with theoretical calculations. A measurement of the high field transient electron velocity overshoot was also performed using a semi-transparent p-contact AlGaN/GaN heterojunction p-i-n diode. Transient electron velocity overshoot is observed at fields as low as similar to100 kV/cm, with the peak transient electron velocity becoming larger with increasing electric field until a maximum of 7.25x10(7) cm/s is observed within the first 200 fs after photoexcitation at a field of 320 kV/cm. At higher fields, the measurement of the peak velocity is limited by the 80 fs duration of the pulses, but the increase in transit time with increasing field suggests the onset of negative differential resistance. Theoretical Monte Carlo calculations incorporating a GaN full-zone band structure show that although the peak steady-state velocity occurs at similar to200 kV/cm, the ensuing negative differential resistance region of the velocity-field curve is not initially associated with intervalley transfer, as the majority of electrons do not attain sufficient energy to effect this transfer until they are subjected to much higher fields (>325kV/cm). Insight into this behavior can be gleaned from the band nonparabolicity deduced from the constant energy surfaces in the Gamma valley, which shows that the effective mass in the c-direction can be viewed as becoming larger at high k-values. This larger effective mass may play a role in velocity overshoot by reducing the velocity and momentum relaxation time at high k-values in the T valley. Theoretical calculations employing a semiclassical transport model in the collisionless regime confirm the importance of this nonparabolicity for the determination of the temporal shape of the transient velocity overshoot curves. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4385-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4646 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1117/12.470507 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU90D UT WOS:000177343700013 ER PT S AU Aliberti, K Shen, HE Stead, M Ruff, W Stann, B AF Aliberti, K Shen, HE Stead, M Ruff, W Stann, B BE Blood, P Osinski, M Arakawa, Y TI Modeling the optoelectronic mixing effect in metal-semiconductor-metal detectors SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices X CY JAN 21-25, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE metal-semiconductor-metal; modeling; optoelectronic mixer ID TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; PHOTODETECTORS; PHOTOCURRENTS; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB The optoelectronic mixing effect in metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM-PDs) is studied. Numerical results, using the Scharfetter-Gummel scheme, are presented for gallium-arsenide (GaAs) MSM-PDs with different donor concentrations and analytical results are presented for devices with high background donor concentration operating below the flat-band condition and for low background donor concentration operating above the flat-band condition. MSM-PDs with unequal Schottky barrier heights at the electrodes (asymmetric MSM-PDs) are also studied. We find that asymmetric detectors exhibit asymmetric do characteristics with the photocurrent asymmetry opposite to the dark-current asymmetry. We also find that the mixing efficiency of the MSM-PD increases with increase in applied ac voltage and decreases with increase in ac frequency. For asymmetric detectors, a rectification current exists even under zero mean ac bias that varies not only with ac voltage and optical power but also with ac-bias frequency. The theoretical results agree with observed experimental results. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Aliberti, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4385-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4646 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.470508 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU90D UT WOS:000177343700014 ER PT S AU Miller, MA Blumer, RV Howe, JD AF Miller, MA Blumer, RV Howe, JD BE Goldstein, DH Chenault, DB Egan, WG Duggin, MJ TI Active and passive SWIR imaging polarimetry SO POLARIZATION ANALYSIS, MEASUREMENT, AND REMOTE SENSING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Analysis, Measurement and Remote Sensing IV CY JUL 29-31, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB Efforts to understand the potential for polarization information to improve our target acquisition capability have been extended from the mid and long wave infrared (MWIR and LWIR) 14 regions into the short wave infrared (SWIR). A passive, complete rotating-retarder Stokes imaging polarimeter has been developed, calibrated, and field tested. A review of the calibration and some example phenomenology will be presented, including temporal variation of target polarization signatures. Spectral investigations of targets and backgrounds in the SWIR band have been promising. For daytime use, passive polarization imaging could provide additional information for improved detection or identification. The passive polarization imaging effort in the SWIR forms one half of an active polarization agile 1.54 mum imaging system. In this system, the polarization of radiation from an eye-safe 1.54 gm laser is controlled so that a target or background can be illuminated with a known polarization. Analysis of the reflected beam allows calculation of the Mueller Matrix of the target or background, and knowledge of the Mueller Matrices will hopefully lead to better target-to-background discrimination. This Active Mueller Imaging Ellipsometer (AMIE) has been calibrated, and initial imagery of targets has been collected. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Electroopt Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Miller, MA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Electroopt Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4195-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4481 BP 87 EP 99 AR UNSP 4481-15 DI 10.1117/12.452877 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BU15E UT WOS:000175162100012 ER PT B AU Dutta, PK AF Dutta, PK BE Creese, RC GangaRao, H TI Durability issues of composites in cold regions SO POLYMER COMPOSITES II 2001: APPLICATIONS OF COMPOSITES IN INFRASTRUCTURE RENEWAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Polymer Composites CY NOV 14-16, 2001 CL MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Coll Engn & Mineral Resources ID LOW-TEMPERATURE AB This paper gives a brief overview of the durability issues of polymer composites with some specific references to cold regions applications. The mechanisms that control the durability include: (1) chemical or physical changes of the polymer matrix, (2) loss of adhesion or debonding at the fiber/matrix interface or delamination between an FRP composite overlay and the structural element it is bonded to, and (3) reduction of fiber strength and modulus. The environment plays a crucial role in changing the properties of polymer matrix composites. Both the ambient environment and the loading environment have been considered, which may act together. In the ambient environment, both matrix and fibers may be affected by moisture, temperature, sunlight (UV radiation), ozone, and the presence of degrading chemicals such as salts or alkalis. Repeated exposure to very high and low temperatures (freeze-thaw cycling), too, may introduce some changes. Under a mechanical loading environment repeated loading might introduce fatigue in composites. Sustained load over a period of time may cause the material to creep. Some examples of studies on aging and fatigue cycling have been given. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Dutta, PK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-1341-4 PY 2002 BP 125 EP 136 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BT78F UT WOS:000174050500012 ER PT B AU Lampo, RG Marshall, OS Dutta, PK AF Lampo, RG Marshall, OS Dutta, PK BE Creese, RC GangaRao, H TI Use of FRP composites in Civil Works structures SO POLYMER COMPOSITES II 2001: APPLICATIONS OF COMPOSITES IN INFRASTRUCTURE RENEWAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Polymer Composites CY NOV 14-16, 2001 CL MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Coll Engn & Mineral Resources AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers owns, operates, and maintains an extensive infrastructure of navigational, flood control, and waterfront Civil Works structures. Most of these structures are made from of traditional concrete and steel. As composite materials technology has advanced, particularly for use in civil engineering applications, Corps interest in composites has steadily increased as a possible way to control rising Civil Works construction and maintenance costs. This paper describes current uses of composites (e.g., gratings, railings, piping, etc.); recent and ongoing laboratory research and development, and field demonstration activities (e.g., pilings, reinforcements for concrete, gate structures, facilities upgrade, etc.); and predicted future applications of FRP composites in Civil Works structures. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Lampo, RG (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-1341-4 PY 2002 BP 235 EP 244 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BT78F UT WOS:000174050500022 ER PT B AU Shapiro, AM Harper, SJ Westervelt, J AF Shapiro, AM Harper, SJ Westervelt, J BE Scott, JM Heglund, PJ Morrison, ML Haufler, JB Raphael, MG Wall, WA Samson, FB TI Modeling cowbird occurrences and parasitism rates: Statistical and individual-based approaches SO PREDICTING SPECIES OCCURRENCES: ISSUES OF ACCURACY AND SCALE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Predicting Species Occurrences CY OCT, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Shapiro, AM (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-787-0 PY 2002 BP 547 EP 558 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Zoology GA BW49E UT WOS:000182160100049 ER PT B AU Bose, M Greenstein, FL AF Bose, M Greenstein, FL BE Dorsey, LG TI The hidden hand vs. the bully pulpit - The layered political rhetoric of President Eisenhower SO PRESIDENCY AND RHETORICAL LEADERSHIP SE PRESIDENTIAL RHETORIC SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Presidential Rhetoric CY MAR 04-07, 1999 CL TEXAS A&M UNIV, COLLEGE STN, TX HO TEXAS A&M UNIV C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXAS A&M UNIV PRESS PI COLLEGE STN PA DRAWER C, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA BN 1-58544-178-3 J9 PRES RHETOR SER PY 2002 IS 6 BP 184 EP 199 PG 16 WC Communication; History; Political Science SC Communication; History; Government & Law GA BY23M UT WOS:000188362400009 ER PT S AU Johnson, MJ McGinnis, M Mollaghasemi, M Damarla, T AF Johnson, MJ McGinnis, M Mollaghasemi, M Damarla, T GP IEEE IEEE TI Methodology for human decision making using fuzzy ARTMAP neural networks SO PROCEEDING OF THE 2002 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 02) CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Neural Networks Soc, Int Neural Network Soc AB One way to improve how simulations more realistically model human behavior is through use of intelligent computer generated objects (ICGOs). This paper implements a methodology using Fuzzy ARTMAP neural networks. The various modeled scenarios involve an ICGO representing military combat vehicles that select an appropriate weapon system and munition based on a set of parameters queried from the simulation state space. Additionally, a more complex scenario is modeled that involves a platoon leaders decision to attack, defend or withdraw. The result is an ICGO that obeys previously existing computer generated object rules, but also exhibits learned behavior by making decisions based on the outcomes of past decisions made under similar conditions. We also discuss an application of the methodology in a quite different direction, to develop decision rules to detect and identify Airborne targets (helicopters) and ground based targets such as tanks and personnel carriers using power spectral density or 2d-wavelet plots generated from the acoustic sensor data in a battlefield environment. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Johnson, MJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1098-7576 BN 0-7803-7278-6 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2002 BP 2668 EP 2673 DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2002.1007568 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU92F UT WOS:000177402800473 ER PT B AU Prigge, ST Caridha, D Zhang, P Kyle, DE Milhous, WK Chiang, PK AF Prigge, ST Caridha, D Zhang, P Kyle, DE Milhous, WK Chiang, PK GP MONDUZZI EDITORE MONDUZZI EDITORE MONDUZZI EDITORE TI Molecular properties and inhibitors of malarial S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PARASITOLOGY-ICOPA X: SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS AND CONTRIBUTED PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress of Parasitology (ICOPA X) CY AUG 04-09, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Zool, Amer Soc Parasitol ID ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE HYDROLASE; ADENOSYLMETHIONINE AB A majority of methylases transfers the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to their respective biological acceptors, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), which in turn is hydrolyzed by S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. We cloned the SAHH gene from the 3137 strain of Plasmodium falciparum and expressed the recombinant SAHH (PfSAHH) in bacterial culture. The recombinant PfSAHH was purified by metal chelate chromatography. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned PfSAHH gene encodes a 479-residues protein with a calculated mass of 53,838 Da. Several analogs of 3-deaza-adenosine (DZA) and neplanocin A inhibited the enzyme activity of PfSAHH at nanomolar concentrations. When the same nucleosides were tested for their antimalarial activity in vitro, they also inhibited the growth of P. falciparum parasites at similar concentrations. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Prigge, ST (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2804-6 PY 2002 BP 499 EP 503 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA BV33N UT WOS:000178613200085 ER PT B AU Fitzpatrick, T Mair, E Lane, D Feuerstein, I AF Fitzpatrick, T Mair, E Lane, D Feuerstein, I BE Beamis, JF Shapshay, SM TI How we do it - MAST airway stent team SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH WORLD CONGRESS FOR BRONCHOLOGY/12TH WORLD CONGRESS FOR BRONCHOESOPHAGOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th World Congress for Bronchology (WCB)/12th World Congress for Bronchoesophagology (WCBE) CY JUN 16-19, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP World Assoc Bronchol, Int Bronchoesophagol Soc ID EXPANDABLE METALLIC STENTS; SILICONE STENTS; OBSTRUCTION AB Tracheobronchial stents have been used with increased frequency to treat major airway obstruction from both malignant and benign processes. Traditionally, airway stents have been placed by individual clinical specialists via either a rigid or flexible bronchoscope, or using fluoroscopy. We describe a novel multidisciplinary airway stent team (MAST) protocol for tracheobronchial stent placement and endoscopic management of significant non-surgical airway obstruction. Preliminary studies are reviewed and a treatment plan is formulated to include the type and optimal positioning of the stent with consideration for adjuvant therapies. Stent placement is performed in the operating room under general anesthesia. Combined use of rigid a laryngo-tracheoscope with flexible bronchoscopy and fluoroscopy as needed facilitates more precise stent placement and optimal use of various therapeutic modalities. The MAST protocol combines the skills, knowledge and unique therapeutic expertise from each of the specialties. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, T (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2616-7 PY 2002 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Respiratory System; Surgery SC Respiratory System; Surgery GA BV33P UT WOS:000178613300014 ER PT S AU Kosinski, JA Pastore, RA Yang, JS Yang, XM Turner, JA AF Kosinski, JA Pastore, RA Yang, JS Yang, XM Turner, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Second-order frequency shifts in crystal resonators under relatively large biasing fields SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition CY MAY 29-31, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, Piezoelect Devices Assoc ID ACCELERATION SENSITIVITY; ELECTROELASTIC EQUATIONS; QUARTZ; EDGES AB Frequency shifts in crystal resonators under relatively large biasing fields are studied from a perturbation procedure based on the equations for small fields superposed on finite biasing fields in an anisotropic elastic body. A general expression for second-order frequency shifts is obtained. Estimates are made on the order of magnitude of second-order frequency shifts in a quartz resonator due to relatively large normal acceleration. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-7082-1 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2002 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2002.1075865 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV43J UT WOS:000178928900019 ER PT S AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Piezoelectric resonators loaded with viscoelastic and nonuniform media SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition CY MAY 29-31, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, Piezoelect Devices Assoc ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL-MICROBALANCE; ONE-DIMENSIONAL TREATMENT; SHEAR MODULI CALCULATION; ULTRASONIC SEPARATION; SUSPENDED PARTICLES; MODE RESONATORS; EQUIVALENT-CIRCUIT; LIQUID PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; SENSORS AB This paper uses a simple, plane bulk acoustic wave model to discuss effects arising from changes occurring at the vibrating surfaces of a piezoelectric resonator, when exposed to coatings having various properties, as well as a variety of interfacial contact behaviors. The effect of air loading on the Q values of the three thickness modes of an SC-cut quartz resonator is computed for various pressures as an example of mode coupling by mechanical boundary conditions. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, AMSEL RD CS, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, AMSEL RD CS, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 133 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-7082-1 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2002 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2002.1075877 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV43J UT WOS:000178928900031 ER PT S AU Kim, YK Ballato, A AF Kim, YK Ballato, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Force-frequency effects of Y-cut langanite and Y-cut langatate SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition CY MAY 29-31, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, Piezoelect Devices Assoc ID RESONATORS; CONSTANTS; LANGASITE; LGT AB Most recently, langasite and its isomorphs (LGX) have been advanced as potential substitutes for quartz, owing to their extremely high quality (Q) factors. At least 3 times higher Q value of LGX than that of quartz has been reported. High Q translates into potentially greater stability. In order to make such materials practical, the environmental sensitivities must be addressed One of such sensitivities is the force-frequency effect, which relates the sensitiveness of a resonator to shock and vibration via the third-order (non-Hookean) elastic constants. In this paper, we report measured force-frequency coefficients of a Y-cut LGN resonator and a Y-cut LGT resonator as a function of the azimuthal angle, which is the angle between the crystalline x-axis of a resonator plate and the direction of in-plane diametric force applied to the periphery of the resonator. It was found that the LGN and the LGT behave like A T-cut quartz in the polarity of the frequency changes and the existence of zero-coefficient angle. The maximum magnitudes of the coefficients of the LGN and the LGT are 5 and 7 times smaller than that of SC-cut quartz, respectively (or, 7 and 10 times smaller comparing to A T-cut quartz). The coefficients of planar-stress, which represent the superposition of a continuous distribution of periphery stresses, were also obtained as 0.52x10(-15) m(.)s/N and 0.38x10(-15) m(.)s/N for the LGN and the LGT, respectively. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP USA, Commun Elect Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. EM ykim@ieee.org; a.ballato@ieee.org NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-7082-1 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2002 BP 328 EP 332 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2002.1075902 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV43J UT WOS:000178928900052 ER PT S AU McMillan, RW Smith, RA Shipman, M Holder, EJ Kerce, JC Williams, J AF McMillan, RW Smith, RA Shipman, M Holder, EJ Kerce, JC Williams, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Angle-of-arrival of a radar beam in atmospheric turbulence SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2002 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Northrop Grumman Corp, Raytheon Co AB Atmospheric turbulence has been shown to have measurable effects on the angle-of-arrival (AOA) of radar beams, but these effects are on the order of a few microradians, which is a negligible level for most applications. In this paper, we present a theory describing this phenomenon and compare this theory to one-way measurements made over a 3.5 km path and two-way measurements made over a 25 km path using an X-band interferometric radar. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP McMillan, RW (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, 106 Wynn Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7357-X J9 RADAR CONF PY 2002 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.1109/NRC.2002.999728 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BU50P UT WOS:000176199500043 ER PT S AU Matkin, BL Mullins, JH Ferster, TJ Vanderford, PJ AF Matkin, BL Mullins, JH Ferster, TJ Vanderford, PJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Bistatic reflectivity measurements on various terrains at X, Ku, Ka and W-band frequencies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2002 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Northrop Grumman Corp, Raytheon Co AB Data that realistically represents the phenomenology of bistatic reflectivity is essential to the design of radar systems intended to sense land based targets and low flying aircraft. A need exists to further characterize clutter phenomenology in order to design and project the performance of current and future systems. This paper provides an overview of X, Ku, Ka and W-Band bistatic measurements made at the Research, Development and Engineering Center at Redstone Arsenal. The data collection includes both on-axis (zero degrees) and off-axis (10 and 30 degrees) measurements of the bistatic reflectivity response of sand, gravel, sod and flat plates. The reflectivity results from gravel, grassy sod, smooth sand and flat plates will be presented. Modeling and statistical analysis of the data is discussed. This work has application to tactical missile systems that must complete their engagements at low altitudes in a clutter environment. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Matkin, BL (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM brenda.matkin@RDEC.redstone.army.mil; perry.j.vanderford@HWILMS.RDEC.redstone.army.mil NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7357-X J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2002 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1109/NRC.2002.999730 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BU50P UT WOS:000176199500045 ER PT B AU Graves, GH Higgins, JL AF Graves, GH Higgins, JL BE Yucesan, E Chen, CH Snowdon, JL Charnes, JM TI Applications of simulation in logistics combat developments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sci Modeling & Simulat Int AB As the Army undergoes a transformation from the logistics intensive organizations that currently comprise the force to a more agile and sustainable force, changes in logistics concepts and organizations are inevitable. Because much of the Army's future equipment and most future organizations are still in the conceptual stages, these elements must be modeled. Simulation provides a valuable tool for not only modeling the structure or attributes of a future system, but also for comparing alternative concepts for how systems should be employed and equipped. In this paper, we present three applications of how simulation was used within the U.S. Army Combined Arms Support Command in the design and analysis of current and emerging logistical systems in the Army.. C1 US Army Combined Arms Support Command, Combat Dev Combat Serv Support, Ft Lee, VA 23801 USA. RP Graves, GH (reprint author), US Army Combined Arms Support Command, Combat Dev Combat Serv Support, Ft Lee, VA 23801 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7614-5 PY 2002 BP 911 EP 916 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV90S UT WOS:000180358500118 ER PT B AU Maymi, F Surdu, J Hall, A Beltramini, R AF Maymi, F Surdu, J Hall, A Beltramini, R BE Yucesan, E Chen, CH Snowdon, JL Charnes, JM TI Modeling the wireless network architecture of land warrior SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sci Modeling & Simulat Int AB The United States Army is designing and implementing a revolutionary advance in the combat power of individual infantrymen on the battlefield: Land Warrior. In Land Warrior, each soldier becomes a node in a wireless local area network (WLAN). In order to account for likely losses of line of site between soldiers, the On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) is used. The purpose of this research was to construct a simulation study to determine whether the communications architecture of Land Warrior was sufficiently scalable to use in large Army units. This paper describes the input analysis conducted to determine probability distributions used to generate message traffic. This paper also describes the development of the simulation model used to determine the scalability of the Land Warrior communications architecture. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Maymi, F (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 601 Thayer Rd, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7614-5 PY 2002 BP 960 EP 966 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV90S UT WOS:000180358500126 ER PT B AU Nogic, D Nowatkowski, M AF Nogic, D Nowatkowski, M BE Yucesan, E Chen, CH Snowdon, JL Charnes, JM TI Simulation analysis of the United States Military Academy Reception Day SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sci Modeling & Simulat Int AB Each June approximately 1200 new cadets (NCs) are welcomed to the United States Military Academy (USMA) during Reception Day (R-Day). Amid the mass shuffling of bodies and the yelling of the upper-class cadet cadre, all 1200 NCs must completely in process. Changes are made to the in processing system in attempt to make it more efficient. However, the effect of these changes can only be gauged once a year during the following R-Day. In an attempt to expedite the refinement process, the R-Day administrators approached our design team to create a simulation model that could be used to analyze the effect of proposed changes to the system prior to R-Day 2002. Using ProModel(R) simulation software, our team created a simulation of the in processing system and conducted a statistical analysis of the results in order to recommend improvements to the structure of the system. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10997 USA. RP Nogic, D (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 646 Swift Rd, W Point, NY 10997 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7614-5 PY 2002 BP 967 EP 974 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV90S UT WOS:000180358500127 ER PT B AU DeLong, SO West, P AF DeLong, SO West, P BE Yucesan, E Chen, CH Snowdon, JL Charnes, JM TI An undergraduate systems engineering design project for using constructive and virtual simulation for an armed UAV design SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sci Modeling & Simulat Int AB This paper presents a design project for undergraduate systems engineering students in which Armed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (AUAV's) are designed, using the systems engineering design process taught at the United States Military Academy, and tested using constructive and virtual simulation. These results are compared to theoretical results obtained through applying Lanchester analysis. Students first analyze the stakeholders' needs and develop alternatives. The students research commercial off the shelf (COTS) UAV airframes, sensors and weapon systems that meet the stakeholders' needs. Using design of experiments and response surface optimization, laboratory experimentation is conducted using Janus simulation and Janus Evaluator Tool Set (JETS) software to test the feasible alternatives under varying weather conditions and altitudes to examine performance against a predetermined threat. The students evaluate the alternatives using multi-attribute utility theory and encompassing all the objectives defined in the staked holder analysis. Sensitivity analysis is applied and a recommendation is made to the decision maker. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP DeLong, SO (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Mahan Hall, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7614-5 PY 2002 BP 1799 EP 1803 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV90S UT WOS:000180358500246 ER PT S AU Turnas, D Kloska, P Saboe, M AF Turnas, D Kloska, P Saboe, M BE Fernandez, M TI Introducing a GSS-based negotiation approach at TACOM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 28TH EUROMICRO CONFERENCE SE EUROMICRO CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 28th EUROMICRO Conference/EUROMICRO Symposium on Digital System Design CY SEP 04-06, 2002 CL DORTMUND, GERMANY AB The Next Generation Software Engineering Technology Area (NextGen), part of the U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Armaments Command (TACOM), is an emerging key player in software development. Constant growth and improvement is essential to increase NextGen's involvement in the field. One of the tools :used by NextGen to aid with growth and improvement is the yearly TownHall meeting. The TownHall is an exhaustive, multi-day meeting with intensive negotiations concerning current customers, desired budgets, schedules, resources, and associate competencies. To help facilitate these negotiations, NextGen chose to test Group Support System (GSS), a negotiations software system. While the goal was for NextGen to ultimately benefit from the implementation of the software, the research and testing conducted provided valuable feedback for the Group Support System software. Diagram 1. illustrates the steps involved in effectively incorporating the new negotiation process into NextGen. C1 USA, TACOM, Next Generat Software Engn Technol Area, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Turnas, D (reprint author), USA, TACOM, Next Generat Software Engn Technol Area, AMSTA-TR-R-265, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1089-6503 BN 0-7695-1787-0 J9 EUROMICRO CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1109/EURMIC.2002.1046169 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV24G UT WOS:000178310100035 ER PT B AU Hecker, WF AF Hecker, WF BE Edwards, PM Rives, T TI Mined country: A reimaging the critical relevance of American WWII soldier poetry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE KOREAN WAR, VOL 2, NO 1 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE KOREAN WAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Conference on War and Literature CY FEB 15-16, 2002 CL Graceland Univ, Ctr Study Korean War, Independence, MO HO Graceland Univ, Ctr Study Korean War C1 US Mil Acad, Dept English, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER STUDY KOREAN WAR PI INDEPENDENCE PA GRACELAND UNIV, 1401 W TRUMAN RD, INDEPENDENCE, MO 64050 USA J9 PROC CTR STUD KOREAN PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1 BP 101 EP 125 PG 25 WC History; Poetry SC History; Literature GA BCD08 UT WOS:000228693100007 ER PT J AU Babushok, VI Tsang, W McNesby, KL AF Babushok, VI Tsang, W McNesby, KL TI Additive influence on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; PAH FORMATION; SOOT; FERROCENE; METHANE; COMBUSTION; INHIBITION; ACETYLENE AB The effects of HBr and Fe(CO)(5) flame radical scavengers on the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules and their precursors have been determined on the basis of simulations of experiments for premixed flames and in a jet-stirred reactor. Results are derived from a mechanism that combines a soot model and a kinetic model with the reactions that define the flame inhibition capability of iron pentacarbonyl and HBr. Near stoichiometric conditions, radical scavenger effects are very large. An increase of equivalence ratio decreases the relative effect of these additives. For a relatively large equivalence ratio, the gas-phase influence of radical scavenger additives disappears. Kinetic models demonstrate that the gas-phase effect of additives is to enhance PAH formation. The results of this work support the suggestion of earlier works that experimentally observed decrease of particulate formation is possibly the result of heterogeneous reactions of iron oxides by increase of oxidation rate of formed soot. The simulations show that contributions from propargyl combination and C-4 mechanisms to benzene formation are dependent on the equivalence ratio. The former predominates in a rich system where propargyl combination is responsible for benzene formation, while the latter is more important at lower values of the equivalence ratio. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Babushok, VI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2315 EP 2323 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80282-6 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500109 ER PT J AU Wang, J Ferreiro, G Richter, H Howard, JB Levendis, YA Carlson, J AF Wang, J Ferreiro, G Richter, H Howard, JB Levendis, YA Carlson, J TI Comparative study on destruction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from combustion of waste polystyrene SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; 2-STAGE COMBUSTION; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; SOOT; KINETICS; BENZENE; POLY(STYRENE); OXIDATION; PARTICLES; PRODUCTS AB This work examines the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and soot from two-stage batch combustion of polystyrene, in air, in a muffle furnace, kept at T-gas = 1000 degreesC. The gaseous combustion products of the ensuing diffusion flame were mixed with additional gas in a venturi mixing unit. Therefrom, they were channeled to a secondary furnace (afterburner), kept at T-gas = 900-1100 degreesC, where they experienced residence times of approximate to1 s. The additional gas was either nitrogen, air, or oxygen resulting in baseline oxygen partial pressures of 0.14, 0.21, or 0.47 atm, respectively, in the afterburner. A high-temperature barrier filter was placed just before the exit of the primary furnace to prevent flame-generated particulates from entering the afterburner. Concentrations of major product species (CO, CO2, O-2), semi-volatile hydrocarbons, such as PAH, as well as particulates were simultaneously monitored at the exits of both furnaces. Results showed that the presence of the afterburner was beneficial in reducing the concentrations of CO and PAH pollutants, as well as particulates in most cases. As a result, additional CO2 was generated in the afterburner. Augmenting the oxygen partial pressure in the verturi drastically decreased the PAH and particulate emissions, while it increased CO2 yields; the CO yields first increased and then decreased. Increasing the temperature in the afterburner reduced the PAH yields, increased the CO2, had little effect on CO; and it increased the particulate emissions. Under the high-oxygen partial pressure (0.47 atm) in the afterburner, when soot was absent, global oxidation rate constants for most PAH species ranged from approximate to1 X 10(4) to 1 X 10(6) cm(3) mol(-1) s(-1), at T-gas = 900-1100 degreesC. Based on these oxidation rates, rate constants describing soot formation were calculated from the cases of 0.14 and 0.21 atm of oxygen, where soot was detected, to be in the range of approximate to1 X 10(8) to 3 X 10(10) cm(3) mol(-1) s(-1). C1 Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USA, RD&E Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2477 EP 2484 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80302-9 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500129 ER PT S AU Convertino, VA Cooke, WH AF Convertino, VA Cooke, WH BE Warmbein, B TI Relationship between stroke volume and sympathetic nerve activity: New insights about autonomic mechanisms of syncope SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON LIFE IN SPACE FOR LIFE ON EARTH SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Symposium on Life Science Research in Space/23rd Annual International Gravitational Physiology Meeting CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL KAROLINSKA INST, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN HO KAROLINSKA INST ID VASOVAGAL SYNCOPE; SPACEFLIGHT; HYPOTENSION; HUMANS C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Convertino, VA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2002 VL 501 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Physiology SC Biophysics; Physiology GA BW30W UT WOS:000181493800057 ER PT J AU Grujicic, M DeLong, JR DeRossett, WS AF Grujicic, M DeLong, JR DeRossett, WS TI Probabilistic finite element analysis of residual stress formation in shrink-fit ceramic/steel gun barrels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART L-JOURNAL OF MATERIALS-DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ceramic/steel gun barrels; residual stress; probabilistic structural analysis AB The development of residual stresses in a hybrid alpha-SiC lining/CrMoV steel jacket gun barrel during shrink fitting of the jacket over the lining is studied using a probabilistic finite element analysis. Particular attention is given to understanding the development of the axial compressive stress in the ceramic lining, since this stress (if sufficiently high) can prevent lining failure caused by formation and growth of circumferential cracks near the barrel ends. To quantify the effect of variability in various design, material and process parameters on the magnitude and the distribution of the axial residual stress, a probabilistic structural analysis approach, known as the advanced mean value (AMV) method, is used, enabling determination of the cumulative distribution function for failure of the lining. The results obtained are validated using the adaptive importance sampling (AIS) method, an efficient direct statistical sampling technique. Lastly, the corresponding sensitivity factors which quantify the effect of variability in each parameter on the magnitude of axial residual stresses in the ceramic lining are computed. The results indicate that the loss of the compressive axial stress in the lining near the barrel ends is affected to the greatest extent by the magnitude of the friction coefficient at the lining/barrel interface. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Army Res Lab Proc & Properties Branch, Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Grujicic, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Engn Mech, 241 Fluor Daniel Bldg, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 1464-4207 J9 P I MECH ENG L-J MAT JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Pt. L-J. Mater.-Design Appl. PY 2002 VL 216 IS L4 BP 219 EP 231 DI 10.1243/146442002760387916 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 612YP UT WOS:000179103300002 ER PT B AU Filipov, A Srour, N Falco, M AF Filipov, A Srour, N Falco, M GP ISA/IEEE ISA/IEEE TI Networked microsensor research at ARL and the ASCTA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ISA/IEEE SENSORS FOR INDUSTRY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd ISA/IEEE Sensors for Industry Conference CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Instrumentat Syst & Automat Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB ARL in conjunction with the Advanced Sensors Collaborative Technology Alliance (ASCTA) has embarked on a research program to develop technology that enables distributed Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS) to form ad hock networks which will be inexpensive and will be able to operate for months at a time on a single battery. These networks will cooperatively process multi-modal sensor data to achieve multi-target Detection, Classification and Tracking (DCT) of vehicles andpeople. To best accomplish this goal, a modular, scalable, and robust decentralized fusion architecture capable of operating under constrained bandwidth conditions is being developed that will perform data, feature, and information level fusion across all levels of the system hierarchy. Algorithms will be developed to autonomously allocate resources to optimize system performance; these will include self-calibration and localization, target handoff sensor cueing, power management, and overall improvement in performance of DCT. This will allow for rapid deployment of UGS fields that provide information about large unoccupied areas. Finally, system modeling and simulation will help optimize overall network performance, cost, operating life and bandwidth usage. This will identify new required sensor modalities and areas where sensor improvements are necessary. Furthermore in those areas where significant processing load is anticipated, tools will be developed to exploit power/energy techniques for efficiently implementing complex algorithms. Progress will be reported in all of these areas and new research opportunities will be identified C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Filipov, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISA, INSTRUMENTATION, SYSTEM AND AUTOMATION SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA BN 1-55617-834-4 PY 2002 BP 212 EP 218 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV90N UT WOS:000180355800040 ER PT S AU Dutta, PK Lampo, RG AF Dutta, PK Lampo, RG BE Chung, JS Wardenier, J Yao, T Ayer, R Knapp, RH TI Behavior of FRP composite fender piles in cold SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWELFTH (2002) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2002) CY MAY 26-31, 2002 CL KYUSHU, JAPAN SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE composites; FRP composites; composite piles; fender piles; waterfront structures; extreme cold environments; cold regions AB Results of flexural tests performed on full-size fender pile beams of five designs have been summarized. The samples included two concrete-filled composite piles, two piles made of recycled plastics, and one made of 100% fiber reinforced polymer composite with a tic-tac-toe cross section. Tests were performed both at low temperature and at room temperature. Results sought were the maximum outer fiber strain and the flexural stiffness (EI). Tests were conducted in CRREL's High Strength Advanced Material (HSAM) load frame designed for 100,000-lb load capacity. Results showed that the concrete-filled composite-shell piles are highly stiff (EI), almost twice the stiffness of all-composite fender piles. Recycled plastic composite (RPC) fender piles had the lowest stiffness. However, at low temperature, stiffness increased dramatically for the RPC fender piles. Failure strains were higher for the fenders having higher load capacities. At low temperature, failures were invariably more violent than at room temperature. Also at low temperature the concrete separated from the composite shell in one case, and in another case cracks developed longitudinally, possibly because of the differential thermal expansion of the concrete and the composite or plastic shell. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Dutta, PK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-58-3 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2002 BP 143 EP 149 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BAO38 UT WOS:000223062800021 ER PT S AU Datta, PK Kwon, SC Durell, GD Roberto, LN Kim, UH AF Datta, PK Kwon, SC Durell, GD Roberto, LN Kim, UH BE Chung, JS Wardenier, J Yao, T Ayer, R Knapp, RH TI Fatigue studies of FRP composite decks at-30 degrees C and 50 degrees C SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWELFTH (2002) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2002) CY MAY 26-31, 2002 CL KYUSHU, JAPAN SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE composites; fatigue; quasi-static test; fiber-reinforcod polymers; FRR; bridge decks; pultrusion; VARTM; impact loading cycle; contact molding; hand lay-up extreme environment; cold regions AB A summary of the experimental fatigue charactelization of FRP composite bridge decks at two extreme temperatures [-30degreesC (-22degreesF) and 50degreesC (122degreesF)] is presented. Each deck was initially subjected to one million wheel load cycles at low temperature and another one million cycles at high temperature. The results presented in this paper correspond to the fatigue response of each deck for four million load cycles at low temperature and another four million cycles at high temperature. Thus, the each deck was subjected to a total of ten million cycles. Progressive degradation in stiffness with cycling was noted for each deck. Comparisons of responses were made between the different FRP composite deck configurations and materials. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Datta, PK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-58-3 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2002 BP 155 EP 161 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BAO38 UT WOS:000223062800023 ER PT B AU Keevin, TM Hempen, GL Davinroy, RD Rapp, RJ Petersen, MD Herzog, DP AF Keevin, TM Hempen, GL Davinroy, RD Rapp, RJ Petersen, MD Herzog, DP GP ISEE ISEE TI The use of high explosives to conduct a fisheries survey at a bendway weir field on the middle Mississippi River SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING TECHNIQUE, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique CY FEB 10-13, 2002 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Int Soc Explos Engineers AB Fish sampling in a deep-water, high velocity, environment is extremely difficult. Conventional techniques such as electro-fishing and netting have been limited to depths generally less than 7 meters (m) and velocities below I meter per second (mps). The goal of our study was to sample a bendway weir field on the Mississippi River to assess the effects of the weir field on the fishery. In a bendway weir field, depths can exceed 20 m, and velocities can exceed 3 mps, making conventional sampling techniques inefficient. A 152-m. section over a bendway weir field was blasted using a series of 3.4 kilograms (kg) charges of T-100 binary explosive. Preparation for the blast (placing charges and catch nets), took approximately 6 hours, A total of 217 fish was captured, representing 12 species. Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) dominated the catch comprising 35.5% of the total catch, followed by gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) (27.2%), and blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) (16.6%). Conventional fish collection techniques (e.g., trotlines, trammel nets, and hoop nets) captured 12 fish specimens representing 7 species. One new species, the paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) was added to the species list by the conventional sampling. The most numerically abundant species taken by explosives (freshwater drum, 35.5%) was not taken by conventional sampling techniques. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Keevin, TM (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 1222 Spruce St, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC EXPLOSIVES ENGINEERS PI CLEVELAND PA 29100 AURORA ROAD, CLEVELAND, OH 44139-1800 USA PY 2002 BP 381 EP 391 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU68G UT WOS:000176704000033 ER PT S AU Gersten, B Synowczynski, J AF Gersten, B Synowczynski, J BE Jones, ED Manasreh, O Choquette, KD Friedman, DJ Johnstone, DK TI Simulations of realizable photonic bandgap structures with high refractive contrast SO PROGRESS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Progress in Semiconductor Materials for Optoelectron Applications held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The transfer matrix method (TMM) software (Translight, A. Reynolds [1]) was used to evaluate the photonic band gap (PBG) properties of the periodic arrangement of high permittivity ferroelectric composite (40 wt% Ba0.45Sr0.55TiO3/60 wt% MgO Composite, epsilon(R)= 80, tandelta = 0.0041 at 10 GHz) in air (or Styrofoam, epsilon(R)similar to1) matrix compared to a lower permittivity material (Al2O3, epsilon(R) = 11.54, tandelta = 0.00003 at 10 GHz) in air. The periodic structures investigated included a one-dimensional (1D) stack and a three-dimensional (3D) face centered cubic (FCC) opal structure. The transmission spectrum was calculated for the normalized frequency for all incident angles for each structure. The results show that the bandgaps frequency increased and the bandgap width increased with increased permittivity. The effects of orientation of defects in the opal crystal were investigated. It was found by introducing defects propagation bands were introduced. It was concluded that a full PBG is possible with the hi-fi permittivity material. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gersten, B (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-628-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 692 BP 679 EP 684 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU86U UT WOS:000177250200097 ER PT J AU Soderdahl, DW Hernandez, J AF Soderdahl, DW Hernandez, J TI Prostate cancer screening at an equal access tertiary care center: its impact 10 years after the introduction of PSA SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; screening; PSA ID DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION; ANTIGEN; POPULATION; MEN; CARCINOMA; MORTALITY; TRENDS AB Introduction and Objectives: Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center has been involved in Prostate Cancer Awareness Week (PCAW) screening during the period 1995 - 2000. The purpose of this study is to review the results of screening in a self-selected population of military beneficiaries at our institution. Materials and Methods: Screening involving a brief urologic history, digital rectal examination (DRE) and serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) measurement was offered to our screening population. Patients with an elevated PSA ( > 4.0 ng/ml) and/or a suspicious DRE were considered for transrectal ultrasonography with prostate needle biopsy (TRUS/PNB). Patient health records were reviewed retrospectively and analyzed to determine patient demographic characteristics, PSA distribution, DRE results and cancer detection rates. Results: A total of 455 screening visits were performed from 1995 to 2000, of which 426 visits were included for analysis. Mean age of the study population was 57.4y (40-83). Seventy-one percent of the patients reported prior PSA screening visits. Forty-four patients met indications for biopsy. A total of 30 TRUS/PNB were performed demonstrating presence of cancer in three patients for an overall cancer detection rate of 0.7%. Conclusions: Our study shows that the overall prostate cancer detection rate at our institution is lower than detection rates previously reported in the literature. Potential reasons for this finding may include that the subjects participating in PCAW screening tended to be younger than in other series and that a majority of them had already undergone prior screening. These findings suggest the need to modify prostate cancer screening recommendations and to improve prostate cancer screening efficacy. C1 Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Soderdahl, DW (reprint author), Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2002 VL 5 IS 1 BP 32 EP 35 DI 10.1038/sj/pcan/4500555 PG 4 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 536QC UT WOS:000174712500008 PM 15195128 ER PT J AU Koff, SG Connelly, RR Bauer, JJ McLeod, DG Moul, JW AF Koff, SG Connelly, RR Bauer, JJ McLeod, DG Moul, JW TI Primary hormonal therapy for prostate cancer: experience with 135 consecutive PSA-ERA patients from a tertiary care military medical center SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; hormonal therapy; PSA; outcome ID ANDROGEN BLOCKADE; SURVIVAL; ORCHIECTOMY; MANAGEMENT; FLUTAMIDE; CARCINOMA; TRIAL; RACE AB The use of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the 1990s has brought on a stage migration of prostate cancer. Despite that, many men have still presented with metastatic prostate cancer in the past decade. The use of primary hormone therapy in the PSA era at a tertiary care Army Medical Center is studied in this paper. Charts were reviewed of 135 men who were diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer and treated with hormone therapy as a primary treatment between 1989 and 1995. Statistical analysis was used to determine significant predictor variables on the time to disease progression. In univariate analysis clinical stage, pretreatment alkaline phosphatase and nadir PSA values were significant predictors of time to progression. Race and type of treatment were not. In multivariate analysis the relative risk of progression was 3.2 for patients with an alkaline phosphatase > 252 and 16.5 for patients with a nadir > 2.0. This study supports the argument that racial disparities in prostate cancer outcomes are due to access to care. Furthermore, the survival rate for patients with D-2 disease is better than in the pre PSA studies. Clinical stage, pretreatment alkaline phosphatase and PSA nadir can be used to predict response for those men presenting with metastatic prostate cancer. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2002 VL 5 IS 2 BP 152 EP 158 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500551 PG 7 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 577JF UT WOS:000177057200013 PM 12497006 ER PT J AU Piper, NY Kusada, L Lance, R Foley, J Moul, J Seay, T AF Piper, NY Kusada, L Lance, R Foley, J Moul, J Seay, T TI Adenocarcinoma of the prostate: an expensive way to die SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; radical prostatectomy; radiation therapy ID CANCER; CARE; COST AB The costs of radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy for localized carcinoma of the prostate are well known, the costs of terminal care for men with metastatic disease less so. We sought to determine the costs of terminal care incurred with prostate cancer in the last year of life. A retrospective chart review was conducted at five military medical centers identifying 32 patients who had died from prostate cancer from 1995 to 1997. The data investigated were: duration of metastatic disease, days hospitalized in the last year of life, palliative procedures (surgery or radiation), chemotherapy and need for transfusions. The mean duration of symptomatic metastatic disease was 3.4y. The mean duration of hospitalization in the last year of life was 19 days. Seven patients (22%,) required channel transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Three patients (9%) required either percutaneous nephrostomies or stenting. The mean number of transfusions required was 5.4. Eighteen patients (56%) underwent bilateral simple orchiectomy (BSO), 14 (44%) used LHRH agonists and 11 (34%) used antiandrogens. The mean total cost of hospitalization, studies, outpatient visits to physicians, palliative procedures and hormonal therapy was $24 660 in the last year of life. Comparatively, the cost of radical prostatectomy is $12 250 and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is $13 823. Our estimation of costs due to metastatic disease is at best an underestimation. Men dying of prostate cancer incur significant costs in the last year of life. Based upon recent epidemiological data the cost of death due to prostate cancer in the US is over three quarters of a billion dollars a year. C1 SAUSHEC, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. USN, Portsmouth Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Norvolk, VA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Seay, T (reprint author), SAUSHEC, Dept Urol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2002 VL 5 IS 2 BP 164 EP 166 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500565 PG 3 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 577JF UT WOS:000177057200015 PM 12497008 ER PT J AU Opell, MB Zeng, J Bauer, JJ Connelly, RR Zhang, W Sesterhenn, IA Mun, SK Moul, JW Lynch, JH AF Opell, MB Zeng, J Bauer, JJ Connelly, RR Zhang, W Sesterhenn, IA Mun, SK Moul, JW Lynch, JH TI Investigating the distribution of prostate cancer using three-dimensional computer simulation SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer distribution; prostate biopsy; 3-D computer simulation ID CORE BIOPSIES; RECONSTRUCTION; ADENOCARCINOMA; CARCINOMA; SPECIMENS; MODELS AB The objective of this work was to investigate the distribution of prostate cancer using three-dimensional (3-D) computer simulation. Two hundred and eighty-one 3-D computer prostate models were constructed from radical prostatectomy specimens. An algorithm was developed which divided each model. into 24 symmetrical regions, and it then detected the presence of tumor within an individual region. The distribution rate of prostate cancer was assessed within each region of all 281 prostate models, and the difference between the rates was statistically analyzed using Mantel-Haenszel methodology. There was a statistically significant higher distribution rate of cancer in the posterior half (57.2%) compared to the anterior half ( 40.5%; P=0.001). The base regions (36.8%) had a statistically significant lower distribution rate than either the mid regions (56.3%; P=0.001) or the apical regions (53.5%; P=0.001). The mid regions did have a statistically significant higher distribution rate compared to the apical regions (P=0.032). There was no statistically significant difference between the distribution rate on the left half (48.5%) compared to that on the right half (49.2%; P=0.494). The spatial distribution of prostate cancer can be analyzed using 3-D computer prostate models. The results illustrate that prostate cancer is least commonly located in the anterior half and base regions of the prostate. Through an analysis of the spatial distribution of prostate cancer, we believe that new optimal biopsy strategies and techniques can be developed. C1 Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Lynch, JH (reprint author), 3800 Reservoir Rd NW,Suite 4038, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2002 VL 5 IS 3 BP 204 EP 208 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500577 PG 5 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 603PX UT WOS:000178569600008 PM 12496982 ER PT J AU Desai, A Wu, H Sun, L Sesterhenn, IA Mostofi, FK McLeod, D Amling, C Kusuda, L Lance, R Herring, J Foley, J Baldwin, D Bishoff, JT Soderdahl, D Moul, JW AF Desai, A Wu, H Sun, L Sesterhenn, IA Mostofi, FK McLeod, D Amling, C Kusuda, L Lance, R Herring, J Foley, J Baldwin, D Bishoff, JT Soderdahl, D Moul, JW TI Complete embedding and close step-sectioning of radical prostatectomy specimens both increase detection of extraprostatic extension, and correlate with increased disease-free survival by stage of prostate cancer patients SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; tissue sampling; whole mount; pathology; close step-sectioning ID TUMOR VOLUME; CARCINOMA; FEATURES; ADENOCARCINOMA AB The objectives of this work were to evaluate the efficacy of controlled close step-sectioned and whole-mounted radical prostatectomy specimen processing in prediction of clinical outcome as compared to the traditional processing techniques. Two-hundred and forty nine radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens were whole-mounted and close step-sectioned at caliper-measured 2.2-2.3mm intervals. A group of 682 radical prostatectomy specimens were partially sampled as control. The RPs were performed during 1993-1999 with a mean follow-up of 29.3 months, pretreatment PSA of 0.1-40, and biopsy Gleason sums of 5-8. Disease-free survival based on biochemical or clinical recurrence and secondary intervention were computed using a Kaplan-Meier analysis. There were no significant differences in age at diagnosis, age at surgery, PSA at diagnosis, or biopsy Gleason between the two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the non-close step-sectioned group, the close step-sectioned group showed higher detection rates of extra-prostatic extension (215 (34.1%) vs, 128 (55.4%), P < 0.01), and seminal vesicle invasion (50 (7.6%) vs 35 (14.7%), P < 0.01). The close step-sectioned group correlated with greater 3-y disease-free survival in organ-confined (P < 0.01) and specimen-confined (P < 0.01) cases, over the non-uniform group. The close step-sectioned group showed significantly higher disease-free survival for cases with seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.046). No significant difference in disease-free survival was found for the positive margin group (P = 0.39) between the close step-sectioned and non-uniform groups. The close step-sectioned technique correlates with increased disease-free survival rates for organ and specimen confined cases, possibly due to higher detection rates of extra-prostatic extension and seminal vesicle invasion. Close step-sectioning provides better assurance of organ-confined disease, resulting in enhanced prediction of outcome by pathological (TNM) stage. C1 CPDR, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. San Diego Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Rockville, MD USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), CPDR, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM jmoul@cpdr.org NR 21 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2002 VL 5 IS 3 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500600 PG 7 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 603PX UT WOS:000178569600010 PM 12496984 ER PT J AU Preston, DM Torrens, JI Harding, P Howard, RS Duncan, WE Mcleod, DG AF Preston, DM Torrens, JI Harding, P Howard, RS Duncan, WE Mcleod, DG TI Androgen deprivation in men with prostate cancer is associated with an increased rate of bone loss SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE androgen deprivation; prostate cancer; bone loss ID HORMONE AGONISTS; ELDERLY MEN; THERAPY; OSTEOPOROSIS; CARCINOMA; DENSITY; MANAGEMENT; ORCHIECTOMY; PAMIDRONATE; LEUPROLIDE AB The objective of this work was to determine the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on rates of bone mineral density (BMD) loss in men with prostate cancer. It was a prospective study comparing men receiving ADT to age matched controls for 2 y. Subjects received a history, physical exam, bone mineral density measurement, and laboratory evaluation every 6 months. Thirty-nine subjects receiving continuous ADT for prostate cancer (subjects) were compared to 39 age-matched controls not receiving ADT (controls). Twenty-three subjects and 30 controls completed the study through 24 months. Men in the ADT group demonstrated greater rates of bone mineral density loss than men in the control group at every site except the lumbar spine. Twenty-four month per cent of bone mineral density loss is presented as mean standard error (s.e.). At the distal forearm, the ADT group value was - 9.4% +/- 1.0% and - 4.4% +/- 0.3% for controls (P < 0.0005). The ADT group femoral neck values were -1.9% +/- 0.7% and 0.6% +/- 0.5% in the control group (P = 0.0016). The ADT group total hip value was - 1.5% +/- 1.0% and 0.8% +/- 0.5% in the control group (P = 0.0018). The ADT group trochanter value was - 2.0% +/- 1.3% and - 0.1% +/- 0.5% in the control group (P = 0.0019). The ADT group lumbar spine value was - 0.2% +/- 0.8 % and 1.1% +/- 0.6% in the control group (P = 0.079). Our data demonstrate greater rates of bone mineral density loss in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, CPDR, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Serv Endocrinol, Dept Med, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Biometr Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Preston, DM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 6825 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2002 VL 5 IS 4 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500599 PG 7 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 642RY UT WOS:000180819300020 PM 12627216 ER PT B AU Lapotin, PJ Schlagel, JD Tracy, BT Comati, JC Masuch, MF AF Lapotin, PJ Schlagel, JD Tracy, BT Comati, JC Masuch, MF BE Kungolos, AG Liakopoulos, AB Korfiatis, GP Koutsospyros, AD Katsifarakis, KL Demetracopoulos, AD TI Radarsat decomposition using directional filters SO PROTECTION AND RESTORATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT VI, VOLS I - III, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Protection and Restoration of the Environment CY JUL 01-05, 2002 CL SKIATHOS ISL, GREECE SP Minist Environm, Phys Planning & Public Works, Municipal Skiathos, USA Res, Dev & Standardizat Grp, Magnesia Prefecture, Volos & Nea Ionia Municipal Assoc Solid Waste Disposal, Univ Thessaly, Res Comm, Univ Thessaly, Civil Engn, Univ Thessaly, Dept Planning & Reg Dev, Stevens Inst Technol, HERACLES G C Co S A, SOVEL S A BIOCHALCO Grp, Coca-Cola 3E Hellen Bottling Co, Themeliodomi S A, SCIETACT S A, AIAS RESEARCH Ltd, AIR METAL Ltd, AQUACHEM Ltd, ARVIS Environm Enterprise Greece, Bio Eco Sol S A, Eurotrans Consulting Ltd, ENVITEC S A, INTERGEO EnvironmTechnol Ltd, BAKAKOS S A, APOSTOLAKIS S A ARGO WINE, EPSA S A, Karkanias Environm Technol SA ID EXTRACTION; IMAGERY AB In this paper, we examine new methods for the decomposition of Radarsat imagery as an initial process for environmental classification and pattern recognition. The approach is shown to be highly directional, using trigonometric functions to segment the information into primary even and odd components. The decomposition is shown to be scaleable from the complex series representation to a simple addition of real and imaginary terms. A condensed example is provided for four filter elements in the standard orientation. A discussion of the primary effects is given with a complete derivation for the filter design, the transfer functions, and the related scalar applications. C1 Remote Sensing GIS Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lapotin, PJ (reprint author), Remote Sensing GIS Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GRAFIMA LOANNIS TSAROUCHIDIS PI THESSALONIKI PA 62-68, D GOUNARI, THESSALONIKI 54635, GREECE BN 960-86574-5-8 PY 2002 BP 1697 EP 1704 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BV61E UT WOS:000179504900206 ER PT J AU Flynn, J Grieger, TA Benedek, DM AF Flynn, J Grieger, TA Benedek, DM TI Pharmacologic treatment of hospitalized patients with schizoaffective disorder SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 153rd Annual Meeting of the American-Psychiatric-Association CY MAY 13-18, 2000 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Psychiat Assoc ID SCHIZOPHRENIA; HALOPERIDOL; DIVALPROEX; MANIA AB This study examined changes in the pharmacologic treatment of 70 patients who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder at some time during a six-year period. An increasing use of divalproex sodium and atypical antipsychotics instead of lithium and conventional antipsychotics was observed. The use of a combination of an antipsychotic and a thymoleptic medication was more common than monotherapy, and physicians tended to continue antidepressants if patients had a history of depression. Patients with a new diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder were stabilized less quickly than those with a previous diagnosis. The use of divalproex sodium and newer antipsychotics did not reduce the time to stabilization in routine clinical practice. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Flynn, J (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIATR SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 53 IS 1 BP 94 EP 96 DI 10.1176/appi.ps.53.1.94 PG 3 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA 506YY UT WOS:000173000400016 PM 11773657 ER PT J AU Wesensten, NJ Belenky, G Kautz, MA Thorne, DR Reichardt, RM Balkin, TJ AF Wesensten, NJ Belenky, G Kautz, MA Thorne, DR Reichardt, RM Balkin, TJ TI Maintaining alertness and performance during sleep deprivation: modafinil versus caffeine SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cognitive performance; sleep deprivation; modafinil; caffeine; reaction time ID COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; D-AMPHETAMINE; VIGILANCE PERFORMANCE; PLACEBO; MOOD; PSYCHOSTIMULANT; TEMPERATURE; NIGHT; WORK AB Rationale: The performance and alertness effects of modafinil were evaluated to determine whether modafinil should replace caffeine for restoring performance and alertness during total sleep deprivation in otherwise healthy adults. Objectives: Study objectives were to determine (a) the relative efficacy of three doses of modafinil versus an active control dose of caffeine 600 mg; (b) whether modafinil effects are dose-dependent; and (c) the extent to which both agents maintain performance and alertness during the circadian trough. Methods: Fifty healthy young adults remained awake for 54.5 h (from 6:30 a.m. day 1 to 1:00 p.m. on day 3) and performance and alertness tests were administered bi-hourly from 8:00 a.m. day 1 until 10:00 p.m. day 2. At 11:55 p.m. on day 2 (after 41.5 h awake), subjects received double blind administration of one of five drug doses: placebo; modafinil 100, 200, or 400 mg; or caffeine 600 mg (n=10 per group), followed by hourly testing from midnight through 12:00 p.m. on day 3. Results: Performance and alertness were significantly improved by modafinil 200 and 400 mg relative to placebo, and effects were comparable to those obtained with caffeine 600 mg. Although a trend toward better performance at higher modafinil doses suggested a dose-dependent effect, differences between modafinil doses were not significant. Performance enhancing effects were especially salient during the circadian nadir (6:00 a.m. through 10:00 a.m.). Few instances of adverse subjective side effects (nausea, heart pounding) were reported. Conclusions: Like caffeine, modafinil maintained performance and alertness during the early morning hours, when the combined effects of sleep loss and the circadian trough of performance and alertness trough were manifest. Thus, equivalent performance- and alertness-enhancing effects were obtained with drugs possessing different mechanisms of action. However, modafinil does not appear to offer advantages over caffeine (which is more readily available and less expensive) for improving performance and alertness during sleep loss in otherwise normal, healthy adults. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, MRMC UWI C, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wesensten, NJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 29 TC 134 Z9 138 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0033-3158 J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY JI Psychopharmacology PD JAN PY 2002 VL 159 IS 3 BP 238 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s002130100916 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 526RW UT WOS:000174144300002 PM 11862356 ER PT J AU McCarroll, JE Ursano, RJ Fullerton, CS Liu, X Lundy, A AF McCarroll, JE Ursano, RJ Fullerton, CS Liu, X Lundy, A TI Somatic symptoms in Gulf War mortuary workers SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE military; psychiatry; somatization; death; volunteers; war ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; BLOOD INJURY FEAR; TRAUMATIC STRESS; SOMATIZATION; VETERANS; DISASTER; EXPOSURE; DEATH AB Objective: The objective of this article is to examine the relationship between exposures to the dead and the development of somatic symptoms. Methods: We studied the pre-post responses of 352 military men and women who worked in the mortuary that received the dead from the Persian Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm) in 1990 to 1991. Symptoms of somatization were measured before and after exposure to the dead. The respondents were volunteers and nonvolunteers for assignment to the mortuary; some had prior experience in handling the dead and some did not. Four groups of participants were examined based on the degree of exposure to remains. Age, sex, volunteer status, prior experience handling remains, and preexposure measures of depression and mutilation fear were statistically controlled, Results: Postexposure somatic symptoms increased significantly over preexposure levels for the two groups with the most exposure to the dead. Conclusions: These results provide additional evidence that exposure to the dead is related to somatic distress. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP McCarroll, JE (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 64 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 520BM UT WOS:000173760200005 PM 11818583 ER PT J AU Armstrong, SC Cozza, KL Oesterheld, JR AF Armstrong, SC Cozza, KL Oesterheld, JR TI Med-psych drug-drug interactions update SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tual Forest Grove Hosp, Ctr Geriatr Psychiat, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Spurwink Sch, Portland, ME USA. RP Armstrong, SC (reprint author), Tual Forest Grove Hosp, Ctr Geriatr Psychiat, 1809 Maple St, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.43.1.77 PG 5 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 530CA UT WOS:000174337000015 PM 11927765 ER PT S AU Sullivan, A AF Sullivan, A BE Faust, NL Kurtz, JL Trebits, R TI Modeling targets in a forest at VHF and UHF frequencies SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY AND DATA VISUALIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology and Data Visualization CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE radar; ultra-wideband; foliage penetration; method of moments ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING AB The utility of low frequency synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for detecting foliage-concealed targets is examined. A forest simulation has been created using a large set of randomly placed and oriented tree models over a lossy dielectric halfspace. Given the size of the targets and the wideband frequencies of interest, it is shown that the problem size quickly grows beyond the capabilities of even supercomputers. As a. result, an approximate linear superposition technique is developed to model the response from a large number of targets (T-72 tank plus forest model). Results in the SAR image domain show that the clutter response produced by the collection of trees is higher than the response from the T-72 in all cases except when the tank orientation is broadside to the radar aperture. Examination of the backscattered signature of the T-72 shows that there is a direct correlation between the target response and the physical layout of the vehicle. This connection between shape and response holds promise for future exploitation in ATR algorithm development. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sullivan, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4494-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4744 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1117/12.488290 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV29R UT WOS:000178478900003 ER PT S AU Smith, RA Shipman, M Holder, EJ Williams, JK AF Smith, RA Shipman, M Holder, EJ Williams, JK BE Faust, NL Kurtz, JL Trebits, R TI Interferometric acquisition and fire control radar for short range missile defense with optimized radar distribution (SWORD) SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY AND DATA VISUALIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology and Data Visualization CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command (USASMDC has interest in a technology demonstration that capitalizes on investment in fire control and smart interceptor technologies that have matured beyond basic research. The concept "SWORD" (Short range missile defense With Optimized Radar Distribution) consists of a novel approach utilizing a missile interceptor and interferometric fire control radar. A hit-to-kill, closed-loop, command guidance scheme is planned that takes advantage of extremely accurate target and interceptor state vectors derived via the fire control radar. The fire control system has the capability to detect, track, and classify multiple threats in a tactical regime as well as simultaneously provide command guidance updates to multiple missile interceptors. The missile interceptor offers a cost reduction potential as well as an enhancement to the kinematics range and lethality over existing SHORAD systems. Additionally, the Radio Frequency (RF) guidance scheme offers increased battlefield weather performance. The Air Defense (AD) community, responding to current threat capabilities and trends, has identified an urgent need to have a capability to counter proliferated, low cost threats with a low cost-per-kill weapon system. The SWORD system will offer a solution that meets this need. The SWORD critical technologies will be identified including a detailed description of each. Validated test results and basic principles of operation will be presented to prove the merit of the past investments. The Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research and Technology (DAS(R&T) has a three-year Science and Technology Program to evaluate the errors and proposed mitigation techniques associated with target spectral dispersion and range gate straddle. Preliminary Bench-Top Experiment results will be presented in this paper. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Smith, RA (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, POB 1500, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4494-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4744 BP 68 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.488283 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV29R UT WOS:000178478900008 ER PT S AU Ly, C Dropkin, H Manitius, AZ AF Ly, C Dropkin, H Manitius, AZ BE Faust, NL Kurtz, JL Trebits, R TI An extension of the MUSIC algorithm to millimeter wave (MMW) real-beam radar scanning antennas SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY AND DATA VISUALIZATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology and Data Visualization CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Scan-MUSIC (SMUSIC); cross-range resolution; closely spaced point targets; antenna pattern; step-scanned antenna; spatial smoothing; constructive interference; destructive interference; probability of successful resolution; mean-squared error; subvector average ID OF-ARRIVAL ESTIMATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; COHERENT SIGNALS; ROOT-MUSIC; ESPRIT AB Step-scanned radar antennas represent a new application of radar technology for detection of targets and estimation of their locations. In this paper we describe a new development called Scan-MUSIC (SMUSIC), which extends the application of the MUSIC algorithm to improve the cross-range resolution of closely spaced point targets with a step-scanned radar. This paper also demonstrates that SMUSIC can be used with radar data obtained with an experimental Millimeter Wave (MMW) coherent scanning radar. While a mathematical proof of resolvability has not yet been established for the scanning antenna, we have shown that we can apply the spatial smoothing method to the SMUSIC algorithm to estimate the closely spaced point targets that are within the beamwidth of the radar antenna. The results show that the targets that are spaced less than 1/4 of the antenna beamwidth and are interfering can be resolved with SMUSIC in constructive interference case. This paper also presents the performance of the SMUSIC superresolution algorithm for the scanning antenna in terms of probability of successful resolution and the total average mean-squared error of target locations, based on the simulated data generated by using an experimental antenna pattern. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ly, C (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ly@arl.army.mil NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4494-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4744 BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.488280 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV29R UT WOS:000178478900010 ER PT S AU Kirose, G Ranney, K Tran, C AF Kirose, G Ranney, K Tran, C BE Faust, NL Kurtz, JL Trebits, R TI Detector robustness to change in depression angle SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY AND DATA VISUALIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology and Data Visualization CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE quadratic polynomial discriminator; depression angle AB Many ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) detection algorithms employ some combination of a set of features, calculated from the incoming raw radar data return, to segregate targets from clutter in a SAR image. Based on the training data, the algorithm designer selects those features that exploit some difference in the physical characteristics between the target class and clutter class. A detection algorithm is then trained to determine values for a set of algorithm parameters that will minimize some sort of error criterion. The physical characteristics that guide the feature selection can change, however, with changes in the attributes of the data collection, such as the depression angle from the radar to the point of interest. When the depression angle changes, the algorithm parameters that were optimal for the training data may no longer be optimal for test data at a different depression angle. We examine the changes in detector performance resulting from depression angle mismatches between the training and test data sets. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kirose, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4494-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4744 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.488276 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV29R UT WOS:000178478900013 ER PT S AU Innocenti, R Koenig, F AF Innocenti, R Koenig, F BE Faust, NL Kurtz, JL Trebits, R TI Simulation of distributed sensor network for dynamic retargeting SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY AND DATA VISUALIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology and Data Visualization CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE network of sensors; networked sensors; target-acquisition; and dynamic retargeting AB An important element of Army transformation efforts is the development of significantly improved munitions. Amongst aggressive goals is a capability to achieve "one shot... at least one kill..." for non-line-of-sight encounters at extended ranges. This objective places unprecedented requirements on sensor technology. A network of sensors must be able to detect, locate, and track the targets; estimate their positions; and periodically uplink that information to the munition, while it is in flight. The Army Research Laboratory formulated the Distributed Sensor Network for Dynamic Retargeting program to address these target-acquisition and dynamic retargeting issues. C1 USA, Res Lab, ATTN, AMSRL,SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Innocenti, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ATTN, AMSRL,SE,RU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4494-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4744 BP 137 EP 156 DI 10.1117/12.488275 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV29R UT WOS:000178478900014 ER PT J AU Groom, KR Murphey, MD Howard, LM Lonergan, GJ Rosado-de-Christenson, ML Torop, AH AF Groom, KR Murphey, MD Howard, LM Lonergan, GJ Rosado-de-Christenson, ML Torop, AH TI Mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall: Radiologic manifestations with emphasis on cross-sectional imaging and histopathologic comparison SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hamartoma; neoplasms, in infants and children; ribs, abnormalities; ribs, neoplasm ID CARTILAGINOUS HAMARTOMA; INFANCY; SECONDARY; CHILDREN AB PURPOSE: To describe the imaging features of chest wall mesenchymal hamartoma with emphasis on cross-sectional imaging and comparison with histopathologic results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 14 mesenchymal hamartomas of the chest wall in 12 children, radiologic studies (computed tomographic [CT] scans [n = 14], radiographs [n = 11], magnetic resonance [MR] images [n = 9], and bone scinti- graphic images [n = 1]) were reviewed by four radiologists with consensus agree- ment. Clinical history was reviewed for patient demographics and symptoms at presentation. Radiologic studies were evaluate for lesion location, size, number of affected ribs, cortical irregularity or erosion, presence and type of matrix mineral- ization, lung hyperaeration adjacent to the lesion, degree and homogeneity of radionuclide uptake, and intrinsic characteristics on CT and MR images. RESULTS: Patients included seven male and five female children. Nine patients (75%) were younger than 1 year. Five patients had a chest wall mass; in the remaining seven, the lesion was discovered incidentally. All 14 lesions arose from ribs, 11 were located posteriorly, and 11 affected multiple contiguous ribs. Two patients had multifocal disease, each with two discrete lesions. Radiography in all cases revealed a large expansile rib lesion and an associated extrapleural soft-tissue mass, suggesting an aggressive process. Mineralization was seen in seven (64%) lesions at radiography and in 14 (100%) lesions at CT. Hemorrhagic cavities (sec- ondary aneurysmal bone cyst [ABC] regions) were common, seen in nine (64%) lesions at CT and in four (80%) of five- lesions imaged with T2-weighted MR imaging. CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall may be recognized by its characteristic occurrence in infancy and cross-sectional imaging features of mineralization and hemorrhagic cystic (secondary ABC) components. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Orthoped Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Murphey, MD (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD JAN PY 2002 VL 222 IS 1 BP 205 EP 211 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 504YW UT WOS:000172884800031 PM 11756727 ER PT S AU Anastasi, RF Madaras, EI AF Anastasi, RF Madaras, EI BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Ultrasonic guided waves for aging wire insulation assessment SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 21A & B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL BOWDOIN COLL, BRUNSWICK, ME HO BOWDOIN COLL ID RODS AB Environmentally aged wire insulation can become brittle and crack and thus expose the underlying conductive wire to the potential for short circuits and fire. The feasibility of using ultrasonic guided waves to measure insulation condition was examined. First a simple model to study guided wave propagation in a bare and thin plastic coated wire was examined and then some aviation grade wire samples that had been heat-damaged. Initial measurements indicate that ultrasonic guided wave velocity can be used to monitor insulation stiffness. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, USA Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate,AMSRL,VTS, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Anastasi, RF (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, USA Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate,AMSRL,VTS, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0061-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 615 BP 255 EP 261 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU96R UT WOS:000177511400033 ER PT S AU Famini, GR Wilson, LY AF Famini, GR Wilson, LY BE Lipkowitz, KB Boyd, DB TI Linear free energy relationships using quantum mechanical descriptors SO REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 18 SE REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP; WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; NORMAL BOILING POINTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; THEORETICAL DESCRIPTORS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; AQUEOUS SOLVATION; SUPERCRITICAL CO2 C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. La Sierra Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Riverside, CA 92515 USA. RP Famini, GR (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM george.famini@sbccom.apgea.army.mil; hlwilson@urs2.net NR 83 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-VCH, INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1069-3599 BN 0-471-21576-7 J9 REV COMP CH JI Rev. Comput. Chem. PY 2002 VL 18 BP 211 EP 255 DI 10.1002/0471433519.ch5 PG 45 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BV60T UT WOS:000179490700005 ER PT B AU Moore, TJ Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ AF Moore, TJ Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Regularity and identifiability in MIMO systems SO SAM2002: IEEE SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop CY AUG 04-06, 2002 CL ROSSLYN, VA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID SIDE INFORMATION; BOUNDS AB Regularity issues in finite impulse response (FIR) multi-input multi-output,(MIMO) systems with additive noise, with deterministic channel coefficients and sources, are studied. In the blind scenario, the model is rich with cross-related ambiguities, resulting in a singular Fisher information matrix (FIM). It is shown that the null space of the FIM has dimension of at least the number of sources squared, and necessary and sufficient conditions for the system to attain this minimum nullity are given. In addition, we show how the minimal set of known parameters must be specified to obtain a full rank FIM, and thus, a valid and meaningful Cramer-Rao Bound. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Moore, TJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7551-3 PY 2002 BP 298 EP 302 DI 10.1109/SAM.2002.1191048 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW21K UT WOS:000181203600061 ER PT J AU Flowers, R AF Flowers, R TI Partnerships & new technologies: the Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Flowers, R (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 513JH UT WOS:000173374400014 ER PT S AU Scanlon, M AF Scanlon, M BE Carapezza, EM TI Acoustic monitoring of first responder's physiology for health and performance surveillance SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS AND INTELLIGENCE (C31) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Defense and Law Enforcement CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE acoustic; physiology; heart; sensor; performance; firefighter; blood pressure; breath; activity; soldier AB Acoustic sensors have been used to monitor human physiology to assess health and performance. Soldiers, firefighters, and other first responders often have very strenuous and demanding missions in environments that are hazardous to their health. Heart rate variability, breath rate, blood pressure, activity, and other parameters can be continuously monitored with acoustic sensors and transmitted for remote surveillance of personnel status. Body-wom acoustic sensors located at the neck and wrist do an excellent job at detecting heartbeats and other physiological parameters. However, they have difficulty extracting physiology during rigorous exercise or movements due to the motion artifacts sensed. Rigorous activity often indicates that the person is healthy by virtue of being active, and injury often causes the subject to become less active or incapacitated making the detection of physiology easier. One important measure of performance, heart rate variability, is the measure of beat-to-beat timing fluctuations derived from the interval between two adjacent beats. The Lomb periodogram is optimized for non-uniformly sampled data, and can be applied to non-stationary acoustic heart rate features (such as 1(st) and 2(nd) heart sounds) to derive heart rate variability and help eliminate errors created by motion artifacts. Simple peak-detection above or below a certain threshold or waveform derivative parameters can produce the timing and amplitude features necessary for the Lomb periodogram and cross-correlation techniques. High-amplitude motion artifacts may contribute to a different frequency or baseline noise due to the timing differences between the noise artifacts and heartbeat features. Data from a firefighter experiment will be presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Scanlon, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4458-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4708 BP 342 EP 353 DI 10.1117/12.479326 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28S UT WOS:000178459100041 ER PT B AU Au, G Cristo, L Bennington, D Pellegrino, A AF Au, G Cristo, L Bennington, D Pellegrino, A BE Das, RSL Frank, H TI Overcharge and characteristic of BB-2590 lithium ion battery SO SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 15-18, 2002 CL CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE HO CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH AB The US Army Developed BB-2590 lithium ion battery with 24 each 18650 cells to supplement and provide a pound lighter weight alternative to the BB-390 Nickel Metal Hydride for application in the Army portable radio Systems. The Army has done extensive testing in term as performance and safety on BB-2590 lithium ion rechargeable battery and discovered using the constant current overcharge to the battery can determine how safe the battery can be during the cycle life of battery in use. C1 USA, CECOM RDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Au, G (reprint author), USA, CECOM RDEC, AMSEL RD C2 AP BA, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7132-1 PY 2002 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1109/BCAA.2002.986370 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BU02J UT WOS:000174743400012 ER PT B AU Plichta, EJ Hendrickson, MA Hamlen, RP AF Plichta, EJ Hendrickson, MA Hamlen, RP BE Das, RSL Frank, H TI Mobile power challenges for the Army's Objective Force SO SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 15-18, 2002 CL CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE HO CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH AB The rapid transformation of the Army towards the objective Force will require dominance over full spectrum of battlefield operations. An agile, more lethal, versatile and sustainable force will require Power for highly mobile vehicles, to unattended ground sensors, down to the individual Warfighter. Advances in lithium ion chemistries have shown promise as a versatile power source for a variety of applications that will enable the Objective Force mission. This paper will explore the Army's developments and potential uses of Li-ion batteries in the future combat theater. C1 USA, CECOM, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Command & Control Directorate,Army Power Div, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Plichta, EJ (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Command & Control Directorate,Army Power Div, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7132-1 PY 2002 BP 109 EP 111 DI 10.1109/BCAA.2002.986380 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BU02J UT WOS:000174743400022 ER PT B AU Wolfenstine, J Read, J Foster, D Behl, W AF Wolfenstine, J Read, J Foster, D Behl, W BE Das, RSL Frank, H TI Cycling behavior of nanophase Cu6Sn5 anodes SO SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 15-18, 2002 CL CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE HO CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH AB Alloy anodes offer the advantages of higher capacity and enhanced safety compared to graphite. One alloy that has received attention is Cu6Sn5. A major problem with Cu6Sn5 and alloys in general is their Poor capacity retention upon cycling. It was observed that a nanophase Cu-6 Sn-5 alloy produced by a chemical method has increased cycle life compared to Cu-6 Sn-5 alloys produced by conventional melting and mechanical alloy. C1 Army Res Lab, AMSRL SE DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wolfenstine, J (reprint author), Army Res Lab, AMSRL SE DC, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7132-1 PY 2002 BP 165 EP 166 DI 10.1109/BCAA.2002.986389 PG 2 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BU02J UT WOS:000174743400031 ER PT J AU Clark, KL Howell, MR Li, YZ Powers, T McKee, KT Quinn, TC Gaydos, JC Gaydos, CA AF Clark, KL Howell, MR Li, YZ Powers, T McKee, KT Quinn, TC Gaydos, JC Gaydos, CA TI Hospitalization rates in female US Army recruits associated with a screening program for Chlamydia trachomatis SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; MILITARY AB Background: A volunteer program to test non-healthcare-seeking women for genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection was instituted at the US Army's largest basic training center and evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing sequelae. Goal: To compare hospitalization rates between women with positive test results for C trachomatis and those with negative results, and between women tested and those not tested for C trachomatis. Study Design: For this study, 28,074 women who entered the Army in 1996 and 1997 were followed for hospitalizations through December 1998. Of these women, 7053 were tested for C trachomatis, and 21,021 were not screened. Hospital admissions were calculated per person-year, and adjusted relative risks were determined. Results: The overall prevalence of C trachomatis in the screened group was 9.1%. The relative risk of hospitalization for pelvic inflammatory disease in the screened cohort was 0.94 (95% Cl, 0.69-1.29), as compared with those not screened. The relative risk of hospitalization for any reason was 0.94 (95% Cl, 0.90-0.99). Among women screened, no difference was found in pelvic inflammatory disease hospitalizations between women with positive test results who were being treated for C trachomatis and those with negative test results. Conclusions: The investigated C trachomatis intervention program for female Army recruits was associated with a lower overall hospitalization rate in screened volunteers, as compared with unscreened women. The pelvic inflammatory disease hospitalization rate in women with C trachomatis who were screened and treated was similar to that observed in uninfected women. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Allied Technol Grp, Rockville, MD USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Gaydos, CA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Ross Res Bldg,Room 1159,720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 14 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1097/00007435-200201000-00001 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 511VT UT WOS:000173286800001 PM 11773871 ER PT J AU Lieberthal, W Fuhro, R Alam, H Rhee, P Szebeni, J Hechtman, HB Favuzza, J Veech, RL Valeri, CR AF Lieberthal, W Fuhro, R Alam, H Rhee, P Szebeni, J Hechtman, HB Favuzza, J Veech, RL Valeri, CR TI Comparison of the effects of a 50% exchange-transfusion with albumin, hetastarch, and modified hemoglobin solutions SO SHOCK LA English DT Article DE colloid; hypotension; vascular resistance; hematocrit; resuscitation ID CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; FLUID RESUSCITATION; VOLUME EXPANDERS; OXYGEN CARRIER; NITRIC-OXIDE; EFFICACY; RAT; CRYSTALLOIDS; HEMODILUTION AB We compared the hemodynamic effects of replacing 50% of the blood volume of anesthetized rats with an equal volume of five solutions: human serum albumin (HSA), hetastarch, unmodified hemoglobin, diaspirin-crosslinked hemoglobin, and o-raffinose-crosslinked hemgolobin. Control rats were exchange-transfused with their own blood. HSA and hetastarch caused a severe reduction in systemic vascular resistance (SVR), hypotension, and acute renal failure immediately after the exchange-transfusion. Unmodified and diaspirin-crosslinked hemoglobins caused comparable and severe increases in SVR, whereas vasoconstriction induced by o-raffinose-crosslinked hemoglobin was minimal. The increased SVR induced by all hemoglobin solutions resolved over a 2-day period as the hemoglobin was cleared from plasma. Body weight was monitored for 5 days after the exchange transfusion as a measure of the relative long-term efficacy of the exchange solutions tested and increased substantially in control rats (that received blood). Rats that received both crosslinked hemoglobin solutions gained a comparable amount of weight as the control group. By contrast rats that received HSA, hetastarch and unmodified hemoglobin failed to gain weight or lost weight over the same period. In summary: i) HSA and hetastarch are relatively ineffective as resuscitative fluids when administered after the loss of a large volume of blood; ii) diaspirin-crosslinked hemoglobin causes severe vasoconstriction, comparable in intensity to that induced by unmodified hemoglobin; iii) o-raffinose-crosslinked hemoglobin induces minimal vasoconstriction; iv) the vasoactive effects of all hemoglobin solutions are reversible. We conclude, that of all solutions tested, both the short- and long-term effects of an exchange-transfusion with whole blood are most closely reproduced by an exchange with o-raffinose-crosslinked hemoglobin. C1 Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Evans Dept Clin Res, Div Renal, Boston, MA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Membrane Biochem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NIAAA, Unit Metab Control, LMBB, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Naval Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Lieberthal, W (reprint author), Evans Biomed Res Ctr, Renal Sect, 5th Floor,Room 537,650 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL53031]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK52898, DK375105] NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JAN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1097/00024382-200201000-00011 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 507ZF UT WOS:000173061000011 PM 11795671 ER PT J AU Whiteman, WE Berman, MS AF Whiteman, WE Berman, MS TI Fatigue failure results for multi-axial versus uniaxial stress screen vibration testing SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB To date, the failure potential and prediction between simultaneous multi-axial versus sequentially applied uniaxial vibration stress screen testing has been the subject of great debate. In most applications, current vibration tests are done by sequentially applying uniaxial excitation to the test specimen along three orthogonal axes. The most common standards for testing military equipment are published in MIL-STD-810F and NAVMAT P-9492. Previous research had shown that uniaxial testing may be unrealistic and inadequate. This current research effort is a continuing effort to systematically investigate the differences between fatigue damage mechanisms and the effects of uniaxial versus tri-axial testing. This includes assessing the ability of the tri-axial method in predicting the formation of damage mechanisms, specifically looking at the effects of stress or fatigue failure. Multi-axial testing achieves the synergistic effect of exciting all modes simultaneously and induces a more realistic vibration stress loading condition. As such, it better approximates real-world operating conditions. This paper provides the latest results on the differences between multi-axial and uniaxial testing of a simple notched cantilever beam. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Whiteman, WE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 319 EP 328 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 629LP UT WOS:000180051400006 ER PT S AU Scheidler, M Gazonas, G AF Scheidler, M Gazonas, G BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Analytical and computational study of one-dimensional impact of graded elastic solids SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Some of the recent efforts to improve the ballistic performance of lightweight armors utilize functionally graded materials to provide a continuous transition in properties between dissimilar materials. It has been conjectured that the elimination of abrupt acoustic impedance changes may result in beneficial stress Wave attenuation. We examine this issue for some idealized one-dimensional problems in which all materials are linear elastic. Exact solutions are compared with DYNA3D simulations of the same problems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Scheidler, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 689 EP 692 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900157 ER PT S AU Billingsley, JP AF Billingsley, JP BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI The HEL upper limit SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID HUGONIOT ELASTIC LIMIT; DECAY LIMIT AB A threshold particle velocity, V-f, derived by Professor ER. Fitzgerald for the onset of atomic lattice Disintegration Phenomena (LDP) is shown to exceed and/or compare rather well with the maximum experimental Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) particle (mass) velocities (Up(HEL)) for selected hard strong mineral/ceramic materials. C1 USA, AMCOM, AMSAM RD SS AA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Billingsley, JP (reprint author), USA, AMCOM, AMSAM RD SS AA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 735 EP 738 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900168 ER PT S AU Bartkowski, PT Dandekar, DP Grove, DJ AF Bartkowski, PT Dandekar, DP Grove, DJ BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Spallation of hot pressed boron carbide ceramic SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID TITANIUM DIBORIDE; SHOCK-WAVE AB This work describes the results of plane shock wave spallation experiments conducted on Hot Pressed Boron Carbide marketed by Cercom as PAD B(4)C (>99% pure). Density of the material was determined to be 2.508 +/- 0.016 Mg/m(3) while the longitudinal and shear wave velocities were measured at 13.49 +/- 0.18 km/s and 8.65 +/- 0.08 km/s, respectively. Spallation thresholds calculated from the measured "pull-back" velocity were determined up to an impact stress of 15.5 GPa. The values of spall threshold do not vary significantly with impact pressure but do exhibit a pulse width dependency indicating a time dependent generation of defects. The value of spall strength of boron carbide is 0.35 +/- 0.07 GPa when shocked between 2 and 15.5 GPa. The values of release impedance lie between 33 and 37 Gg/m(2)s and are in good agreement with the longitudinal impedance of 33.8 +/- 0.5 Gg/m(2)s at the ambient condition measured ultrasonically. The free-surface velocity profiles obtained from these experiments were numerically simulated using Rajendran-Grove (R-G) ceramic model. The paper provides the values of material constants required by the R-G ceramic model for boron carbide. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Bartkowski, PT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 779 EP 782 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900179 ER PT S AU Dandekar, DP Grady, DE AF Dandekar, DP Grady, DE BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Shock equation of state and dynamic strength of tungsten carbide SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Tungsten carbide ceramic is a high-density material with attractive compressive and tensile strength properties. Cercom, Inc. manufactured hot-pressed tungsten carbide ceramic was tested in the present study. The density of this ceramic varies between 15.53 and 15.56 Mg/m(3). The values of longitudinal and shear wave velocities measured ultrasonically vary between 7.04 and 7.05 km/s, and 4.30 and 4.32 km/s, respectively. Shock wave experiments were conducted at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) to determine its shock-induced compressive behavior. The results of these experiments are summarized as: (1) the Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) of this material is 6.6 +/- 0.5 GPa, (2) this value of the HEL may not adequately represent the dynamic yield strength of the material because of the substantial post-yield hardening characteristics of this material shown by the pronounced slope of the precursor wave preceding the following final-state shock wave, and (3) the final shock state attained in the material indicates that the shear strength is maintained when shocked above the HEL to 80 GPa. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dandekar, DP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 783 EP 786 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900180 ER PT S AU Lanzerotti, Y Sharma, J AF Lanzerotti, Y Sharma, J BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Mechanical behavior of energetic materials during high acceleration SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID ULTRACENTRIFUGE; SURFACE AB The mechanical behavior of explosives subjected to high acceleration has been studied in an ultracentrifuge at -10degreesC. Melt-cast TNAZ and pressed TNAZ, LX-14, Composition A3 Type 11, PAX-2, and PAX-3 have been studied. Failure occurs when the shear or tensile strength of the explosive is exceeded. The fracture acceleration of melt-cast TNAZ and pressed TNAZ at -10degreesC was about 10% less than that at 25degreesC. The fracture acceleration of the plastic bonded explosives PAX-3 and Composition A3 Type 11 at -10degreesC were about twice that at 25degreesC. C1 USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Lanzerotti, Y (reprint author), USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 853 EP 855 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900197 ER PT S AU Jones, KA Shah, PB Derenge, MA Ervin, MH Gerardi, GJ Freitas, JA Braga, GCB Vispute, RD Sharma, RP Holland, OW AF Jones, KA Shah, PB Derenge, MA Ervin, MH Gerardi, GJ Freitas, JA Braga, GCB Vispute, RD Sharma, RP Holland, OW BE Yoshida, S Nishino, S Harima, H Kimoto, T TI Comparison of Al and Al/C Co-implants in 4H-SiC annealed with an AlN cap SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Sci& Technol Promot Fdn Ibaraki, Commwmorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murate Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Support Ctr Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res, Telecommunicat Adv Fdn, ARO-Fe, AOARD, ONRIFO, Cree Inc, DENSO Corp, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, Fuji Elect Corp Res & Dev Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kansai Elect Power Co Inc, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Inc, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Mitsubishi Mat Corp, New Japan Radio Co Ltd, New Met & Chem Corp Ltd, Nichia Corp, Nippon Steel Corp, Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nisso Shoji Co Ltd, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Shindengen Elect Mfg Co Ltd, Shin-Etsu Hansotai Co Ltd, Showa Denko K K, Sony Corp, Sterling Semiconductor Inc, Sumitomo Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Toyoda Cent R&D Labs Inc, Toyo Tanso Co Ltd, ULVAC Inc, Universal Syst Co Ltd DE AlN cap; aluminum; annealing; carbon; CL; EPR; implantation; RBS AB The benefits of being able to anneal SiC samples for extended periods of time at relatively high temperatures without destroying the surface through the preferential evaporation of Si is demonstrated by comparing 4H-SiC samples implanted with Al or co-implanted with Al and C and annealed at temperatures ranging from 1300 - 1650degreesC. After analyzing the sheet resistance, EPR, RBS, and CL data, we conclude that samples co-implanted with C can more easily be activated because they more readily form electrically active complexes. The previously held belief that the implanted C helps to form more Si vacancies for the Al to occupy is shown to be incorrect as EPR data show that the implanted Al does not occupy Si sites in the SiC lattice. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. William Patterson U, Dept Chem & Phys, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-894-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 389-3 BP 819 EP 822 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU89T UT WOS:000177321100197 ER PT S AU Li, X Fursin, L Zhao, JH Alexandrov, P Pan, M Weiner, M Burke, T Khalil, G AF Li, X Fursin, L Zhao, JH Alexandrov, P Pan, M Weiner, M Burke, T Khalil, G BE Yoshida, S Nishino, S Harima, H Kimoto, T TI A novel, planar 3,000 V normally-off field gated bipolar transistor in 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Sci& Technol Promot Fdn Ibaraki, Commwmorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murate Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Support Ctr Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res, Telecommunicat Adv Fdn, ARO-Fe, AOARD, ONRIFO, Cree Inc, DENSO Corp, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, Fuji Elect Corp Res & Dev Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kansai Elect Power Co Inc, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Inc, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Mitsubishi Mat Corp, New Japan Radio Co Ltd, New Met & Chem Corp Ltd, Nichia Corp, Nippon Steel Corp, Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nisso Shoji Co Ltd, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Shindengen Elect Mfg Co Ltd, Shin-Etsu Hansotai Co Ltd, Showa Denko K K, Sony Corp, Sterling Semiconductor Inc, Sumitomo Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Toyoda Cent R&D Labs Inc, Toyo Tanso Co Ltd, ULVAC Inc, Universal Syst Co Ltd DE bipolar transistors; high voltage; normally-off; numerical simulation ID VOLTAGE AB In this paper, a novel planar high-voltage normally-off 4H-SiC field gate bipolar transistor (FGBT) is proposed. This transistor is free. of gate oxide/insulator and expected to be suitable for high temperature applications. Its static and dynamic characteristics at 300K and 600K are investigated by performing two-dimensional numerical simulations. It can be turned on with a gate voltage of 2.7V and 2.0V at 300K and 600K respectively. With a 28mum blocking layer and a horizontal channel opening of 0.15mum, this bipolar transistor is able to block over 3000V with a leakage current density smaller than 1 x 10(-3) A/cm(2) at both 300K and 600K, and achieves a forward current density at 5V of 100 A/cm(2) and 134 A/cm(2) at 300K and 600K respectively. With a dV(G)/dt of 5.4 x 10(7)V/s, the turn-on time is 0.27mus and the turn-off time 1.41mus at 300K. The turn-on time decreases slightly to 0.21mus and the turn-off time increases to 2.05mus at 600K. C1 Rutgers State Univ, SiCLAB, ECE Dept, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. United Silicon Carbide Inc, New Brunswick Technol Ctr, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. US Army TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, SiCLAB, ECE Dept, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-894-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 389-3 BP 1345 EP 1348 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU89T UT WOS:000177321100325 ER PT S AU Mitra, S Tucker, JB Rao, MV Papanicolaou, N Jones, KA AF Mitra, S Tucker, JB Rao, MV Papanicolaou, N Jones, KA BE Yoshida, S Nishino, S Harima, H Kimoto, T TI Characteristics of MESFETs made by ion-implantation in bulk semi-insulating 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Sci& Technol Promot Fdn Ibaraki, Commwmorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murate Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Support Ctr Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res, Telecommunicat Adv Fdn, ARO-Fe, AOARD, ONRIFO, Cree Inc, DENSO Corp, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, Fuji Elect Corp Res & Dev Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kansai Elect Power Co Inc, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Inc, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Mitsubishi Mat Corp, New Japan Radio Co Ltd, New Met & Chem Corp Ltd, Nichia Corp, Nippon Steel Corp, Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nisso Shoji Co Ltd, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Shindengen Elect Mfg Co Ltd, Shin-Etsu Hansotai Co Ltd, Showa Denko K K, Sony Corp, Sterling Semiconductor Inc, Sumitomo Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Toyoda Cent R&D Labs Inc, Toyo Tanso Co Ltd, ULVAC Inc, Universal Syst Co Ltd DE annealing; DLTS; ion implantation; MESFETs; SiC AB N-channel MESFETs fabricated in semi-insulating bulk 4H-SiC by nitrogen ion implantation (6x10(17) cm(-3) nitrogen concentration in the channel) using an aluminum Schottky gate metal and nickel ohmic contacts are studied for DC characteristics and deep level behavior. The pinch-off voltage, drain saturation current and transconductance of the MESFET are measured as -18V, similar to40 mA and 5.4 mS, respectively. Devices exhibited almost stable DC characteristics upto a temperature of 350degreesC. DLTS study revealed deep trap levels at energies 0.51 eV, 0.6 eV, 0.68 eV, 0.768 eV and 0.89 eV above the valence band edge E-v. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mitra, S (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-894-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 389-3 BP 1391 EP 1394 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU89T UT WOS:000177321100336 ER PT S AU Zhu, L Shanbhag, M Chow, TP Jones, KA Ervin, MH Shah, PB Derenge, MA Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T Agarwal, A AF Zhu, L Shanbhag, M Chow, TP Jones, KA Ervin, MH Shah, PB Derenge, MA Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T Agarwal, A BE Bergman, P Janzen, E TI 1kV 4H-SiC JBS rectifiers fabricated using an AlN capped anneal SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 2002 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Euopean Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ECSCRM 2002) CY SEP 02-25, 2002 CL LINKOPING, SWEDEN SP European Commiss, High Level Sci Conf, Swedish Res Council, Swedish Agcy Innovat Syst, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, City Linkoping, Linkopings Univ, Embassy Italy Sweden, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, ABB, CREE, Epigress, SiCrystal, Okmetic DE 4H-SiC; AlN; anneal; Junction Barrier Schottky; Schottky rectifier AB 1 kV 4H-SiC JBS rectifiers were fabricated using AlN capped anneal and compared with those annealed conventionally in a furnace. The surface damage during the high temperature activation anneal is significantly reduced using AlN capped anneal. The forward drop of the JBS rectifiers is <2.5 V while the leakage current is about 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the Schottky rectifier. The blocking voltage >1 kV was achieved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, Troy, NY 12180 USA. SEDD, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20783 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Zhu, L (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 433-4 BP 843 EP 846 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BX37E UT WOS:000185077700202 ER PT B AU Cogan, J Vidal, E Measure, E Yee, Y Luces, SA AF Cogan, J Vidal, E Measure, E Yee, Y Luces, SA GP AMS AMS TI A portable system for boundary layer measurement, analysis, and forecasting SO SIXTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SATELLITE; PROFILES C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Cogan, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 191 EP 197 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BV53W UT WOS:000179289900045 ER PT S AU Anastasi, RF Madaras, EI AF Anastasi, RF Madaras, EI BE Kundu, T TI Investigating the use of ultrasonic guided waves for aging wire insulation assessment SO SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION FOR HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Nondestructive Evaluation for Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems CY MAR 18-20, 2002 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE DE guided waves; wire insulation; cylindrical wave-guide; ultrasonic ID RODS AB Aging wiring has become a critical issue to DoD, NASA, FAA, and Industry. The problem is that insulation on environmentally aged wire becomes brittle and cracks. This exposes the underlying conductive wire to the potential for short circuits and fire. The difficulty is that techniques to monitor aging wire problems focus on applying electrical sensing techniques that are not very sensitive to the wire insulation. Thus, the development of methods to quantify and monitor aging wire insulation is highly warranted. Measurement of wire insulation stiffness by ultrasonic guided waves is being examined. Initial laboratory tests were performed on a simple model consisting of a solid cylinder and then a solid cylinder with a polymer coating. Experimental measurements showed that the lowest order axisymmetric mode may be sensitive to stiffness changes in the wire insulation. To test this theory, mil-spec wire samples MIL-W-81381, MIL-W-22759/34, and MIL-W-22759/87 (typically found in aircraft) were heat-damaged in an oven, in a range of heating conditions. The samples were 12, 16, and 20 gauge and the heat-damage introduced material changes in the wire-insulation that made the originally flexible insulation brittle and darker in color. Axisymmetric mode phase-velocity increased for the samples that were exposed to heat for longer duration. For example, the phase velocity in the 20-gauge MIL-W-22759/34 wire changed from a baseline value of 2790m/s to 3280m/s and 3530m/s for one-hour exposures to 349degreesC and 399degreesC, respectively. Although the heat-damage conditions are not the same as environmental aging, we believe that with further development and refinements, the ultrasonic guided waves can be used to inspect wire-insulation for detrimental environmental aging conditions. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA, Army Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate,AMSRL VT, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA, Army Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate,AMSRL VT, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4450-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4702 BP 76 EP 82 DI 10.1117/12.469912 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BU90E UT WOS:000177343800008 ER PT S AU Littlefield, AG Kathe, EL Durocher, R AF Littlefield, AG Kathe, EL Durocher, R BE Agnes, GS TI Dynamically tuned shroud for gun barrel vibration attenuation SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2002: DAMPING AND ISOLATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2002 Conference CY MAR 18-21, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn, ISIS Canada, USAF Off Sci Res, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res OFf, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Ceram Soc Japan, USN Off Naval Res, Nav Res Lab DE vibrations; vibration absorber; cannons; gun barrel; passive; accuracy; dynamics AB Modem tank guns, such as the one on the Abrams, are stabilized to allow fire on the move while traversing uneven terrain. The current barrel is short enough that treating as a rigid beam allows engagement of another tank at ranges of over a kilometer. However, as the length of the tube is extended, to meet required muzzle exit velocities, the terrain induced vibrations lead to increased muzzle pointing errors. A method to reduce these vibrations is to use the forward thermal shroud as part of a mass tuned damper. In this case the system under study is an extended length version of the gun currently fielded. This extended length increases its susceptibility to terrain-induced vibrations. The forward thermal shroud has been shortened and additional mass has been added onto its forward collar. This collar is then supported by springs, which are preloaded so that they stay in contact through the full range of the shroud's movement. Varying the stiffness of these springs allows for tuning of the absorber. Different types of springs and attachments have been tried. The current version uses leaf springs and a wedge collar. This system has been modeled and experiments conducted to validate the model. C1 USA, TACOM ARDEC, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Littlefield, AG (reprint author), USA, TACOM ARDEC, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4445-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4697 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1117/12.472645 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV06J UT WOS:000177732500010 ER PT S AU Ruffin, PB AF Ruffin, PB BE Varadan, VK TI MEMS-based sensor arrays for military applications SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2002: SMART ELECTRONICS, MEMS, AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2002 Conference CY MAR 18-21, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn, ISIS Canada, USAF Off Sci Res, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res OFf, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Ceram Soc Japan, USN Off Naval Res, Nav Res Lab DE MEMS sensors arrays; chemical; RF and optical MEMS sensors; MEMS phased arrays ID RF-MEMS AB Scientists and engineers at the Army Aviation and Missile Command's (AMCOM) Research, Development and Engineering Center (RDEC) are cooperatively working with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), other Army agencies, and industry to provide technical solutions for the Army's transformation efforts into the 21(st) century force. Advanced technologies are being exploited to achieve the performance and cost goals dictated by the emerging missions of the Transformed Army. It is well established that MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) technology offers the potential solution to cost, size, and weight issues for the soldier, missile, gun, ground vehicles, and aircraft applications. MEMS sensor arrays are currently being investigated to meet system performance requirements and provide more robust mission capability. A Science and Technology Objective, Research and Development Project is underway at AMCOM/RDEC to develop controlled MEMS sensors arrays to provide for full military dynamic performance ranges using miniature sensor systems. MEMS-based angular rate sensors are enhanced with vibration feedback from MEMS accelerometers for output signal stabilization, in high-vibration environments. Multi-range MEMS-based accelerometers, cooperatively developed by Government and industry, are being multiplexed to provide dynamic range expansion. An array of integrated accelerometers is expected to increase the dynamic range by an order of magnitude. Future projections suggest that MEMS sensor array technology will be applicable to a broad range of military applications, which include environmental sensor suites for structural health monitoring and forward reconnaissance and surveillance; and optical and radio frequency phased arrays for fast beam steering. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, ATTN AMSAM RD MG NC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Ruffin, PB (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, ATTN AMSAM RD MG NC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4448-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4700 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1117/12.475022 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV10F UT WOS:000177817800012 ER PT J AU Bachmann, J Horton, R Grant, SA van der Ploeg, RR AF Bachmann, J Horton, R Grant, SA van der Ploeg, RR TI Temperature dependence of water retention curves for wettable and water-repellent soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONTACT-ANGLE AB The capillary pressure (psi) in unsaturated porous media is known to be a function of temperature (T). Temperature affects the surface tension (sigma) of the pore water, but possibly also the angle of contact (gamma). Because information on the temperature dependence of gamma in porous media is rare, we conducted experiments with three wettable soils and their hydrophobic counterparts. The objectives were (i) to determine the temperature dependence of the water retention curve (WRC) for wettable and water-repellent soils, (ii) to assess temperature effects on the apparent contact angle gamma(A) derived from those WRCs, and (iii) to evaluate two models (Philip-de Vries and Grant-Salehzadeh) that describe temperature effects on psi. Columns packed with natural or hydrophobized soil materials were first water saturated, then drained at 5,20, and 38degreesC, and rewetted again to saturation. Capillary pressure and water content, theta, at five depths in the Columns were measured continuously. The observations were used to determine the change in gamma(A) with T, as well as a parameter beta(0) that describes the change in psi with T. It was found that the Philip-de Vries model did not adequately describe the observed relation between psi and T. A mean value for beta(0) of -457 K was measured, whereas the Philip-de Vries model predicts a value of -766 K. Our results seem to confirm the Grant-Salezahdeh model that predicts a temperature effect on gamma(A). For the sand and the silt we studied, we found a decrease in gamma(A) between 1.0 to 8.5degrees, when the temperature was increased from 5 to 38degreesC. Both beta(0) and gamma(A) were only weak functions of theta. Furthermore, it seemed that for the humic soil under study, surfactants, i.e., the dissolution of soil organic matter, may compound the contact angle effect of the soil solids. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Hannover, Inst Soil Sci, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Horton, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 10 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 44 EP 52 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510QT UT WOS:000173219300006 ER PT J AU Price, RA Pennington, JC Larson, SL Neumann, D Hayes, CA AF Price, RA Pennington, JC Larson, SL Neumann, D Hayes, CA TI Uptake of RDX and TNT by agronomic plants SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE explosives; contaminated irrigation water; contaminated soil ID ARMY-AMMUNITION-PLANT; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR; SOIL; FATE; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; TRANSFORMATION; EXPLOSIVES; GROUNDWATER; TISSUE AB Process wastes from ordnance loading have created groundwater and soil contamination at numerous U. S. Army sites. Some of these sites are slated for return to public use after remediation. Potential hazards associated with use of these sites for vegetable gardening after remediation to low-level residual contamination are a special concern. The objective of this study was to quantify plant uptake of explosives from contaminated soil and irrigation water. Greenhouse studies were conducted with corn, tomato, lettuce, and radish to determine uptake of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1, 3,5-triazine (RDX) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from contaminated soil and uptake of RDX from contaminated irrigation water. A mass balance study of tomato, lettuce, and radish was conducted in chambers using carbon-14 labeled RDX All crops accumulated RDX from soils contaminated at 5.8 mg kg(-1), a remediation goal based on a site-specific risk assessment. All edible plant tissues accumulated RDX from soil except corn kernels. TNT was detected only in corn stover. At 100 mug L-1 RDX in irrigation water, accumulation of RDX by plants was undetectable. These results suggest that human health hazards from ingestion of vegetables growing in soils contaminated with low levels of RDX be carefully considered in plans for future use of remediated sites. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environ Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Mississippi Coll, Clinton, MS 39060 USA. DynTel Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Pennington, JC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environ Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 307 EP 326 DI 10.1080/20025891106763 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 558LP UT WOS:000175968400001 ER PT J AU Brannon, JM Price, CB Hayes, C Yost, SL AF Brannon, JM Price, CB Hayes, C Yost, SL TI Aquifer soil cation substitution and adsorption of TNT, RDX, and HMX SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE adsorption; cation substitution; aquifer soils; explosives ID WATER SLURRIES; TRANSFORMATION; PH AB The production of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1, 3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,57-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) has resulted in significant contamination of soil and groundwater at ammunition plants. The development of remediation and risk management strategies requires an understanding of the environmental fate and transport processes affecting TNT, RDX, and HMX The transformation and soil sorption are key process descriptors that must be quantified to effectively evaluate the environmental fate of these contaminants in aquifer soils and groundwater. The objective of this laboratory study was to determine the effects of changing composition of simulated groundwater on TNT, RDX, and HMX adsorption in low carbon aquifer soils. Batch shake tests using homo-ionic aquifer soils and clay minerals were used to determine the effects of cation composition on sorption. Results of batch shake tests showed that simulated groundwater cation composition substantially affected the sorption of TNT in aquifer soils. Saturation of the cation exchange sites with K+ and NH4+ resulted in increased TNT sorption to the aquifer soils by up to 9780%. TNT adsorption by biionic K+:Ca++, aquifer soil increased until 40% saturation of the exchange sites was attained. Past this point, pronounced increases in adsorption were not observed until 100% saturation with K+ was reached. Changing the cation substitution on aquifer soils by saturation with either K+ or NH4+ did not consistently increase the adsorption of RDX and HMX. TNT shows great potential for treatment using cation substitution, while this is not the case for nitramines. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environ Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. DynTel Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Brannon, JM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environ Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 327 EP 338 DI 10.1080/20025891106772 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 558LP UT WOS:000175968400002 ER PT J AU Guilfoyle, MP Fischer, RA Wakeley, JS AF Guilfoyle, MP Fischer, RA Wakeley, JS TI Perch characteristics of Acadian Flycatchers (Empidonax virescens) in southern bottomland hardwood forests SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LOGGERHEAD SHRIKES; TERRITORY SIZE; HABITAT USE; SELECTION; VEGETATION; WARBLERS; SUCCESS AB Perch-site selection is thought to be an important component of foraging success for sit-and-wait avian predators, Such as flycatchers. Perch selection has further consequences for territorial advertisement and display. We quantified perch characteristics of Acadian Flycatchers in three bottomland hardwood forests in Arkansas, Louisiana, and South Carolina. We compared measurements made at flycatcher perches with those made Lit randomly selected trees and branches. In two Of our study areas, flycatchers perched on dead limbs more often than expected by chance, and foliage Volume was less around flycatcher perches than at randomly selected branches. Both of these results suggest a preference for foraging and displaying sites that provide a relatively unobstructed view. Discriminant function analysis revealed substantial overlap in perch-site characteristics among study areas, indicating that species-wide preferences were at least as important as local conditions in perch-site selection by Acadian Flycatchers. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Dist Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. RP Guilfoyle, MP (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2002 VL 1 IS 4 BP 353 EP 364 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2002)001[0353:PCOAFE]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 628PP UT WOS:000180005300004 ER PT J AU Ahmad, FH Castellane, RM Durst, BP AF Ahmad, FH Castellane, RM Durst, BP TI A wavelet packets technique for the detection of anomalies in Fourier Transform Infrared interferograms SO SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE wavelets; interferogram; Fourier transform; infrared spectroscopy ID WHITE-LIGHT INTERFEROGRAMS; RECONSTRUCTION; SELECTION AB A technique that integrates applications of wavelet packets and principal component analysis is developed. This technique is applied for the purpose of detecting anomalies in Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) interferograms. An experimental example is given to demonstrate the performance of this technique. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Engn Technol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Dept Army, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ahmad, FH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Engn Technol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0038-7010 J9 SPECTROSC LETT JI Spectr. Lett. PY 2002 VL 35 IS 4 BP 527 EP 541 DI 10.1081/SL-120013889 PG 15 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 591PC UT WOS:000177888600005 ER PT J AU Nelson, BJ Arciero, RA AF Nelson, BJ Arciero, RA TI Stress fractures in the female athlete SO SPORTS MEDICINE AND ARTHROSCOPY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE stress fracture; female athlete; review ID RISK-FACTORS; FEMORAL-SHAFT; RUNNING INJURIES; 5TH METATARSAL; BONE; RUNNERS; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; TRAINEES; WOMEN AB Stress fractures are common overuse injuries in athletes. They typically affect the lower extremity and are most common in the tibia. Runners and track and field athletes are particularly susceptible to stress fractures. Female athletes sustain stress fractures more frequently than their male counterparts. A number of possible risk factors, including anatomic differences, nutritional intake, and hormonal balance, have been identified that may explain this increased injury rate. History and physical examination can often diagnose stress fractures, but scintigraphy or magnetic resonance imaging is frequently obtained to confirm the diagnosis. Stress fractures can be treated nonoperatively in most cases. A treatment program of rest, pain control, and gradual return to activity is usually successful in returning the athlete to their sport. However, stress fractures of the femoral neck, tarsal navicular, anterior cortex of the tibia, and fifth metatarsal will often require surgical stabilization. C1 Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Sports Med Sect, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Orthoped, Farmington, CT USA. RP Nelson, BJ (reprint author), Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Sports Med Sect, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1062-8592 J9 SPORTS MED ARTHROSC JI Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1097/00132585-200210010-00012 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 525AT UT WOS:000174045600012 ER PT B AU Zavada, JM Hommerich, U Lee, DS Heikenfeld, J Steckl, AJ AF Zavada, JM Hommerich, U Lee, DS Heikenfeld, J Steckl, AJ BE Kopf, RF Ren, F Stokes, EB Ng, HM Baca, AG Pearton, SJ Chu, SNG TI Excitation mechanisms of rare earth ions embedded in GaN thin films SO STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS XXXVI AND WIDE BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS FOR PHOTONIC AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND SENSORS II SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Photonic and Electronic Devices and Sensors/36th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors International Symposia CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Electrochem Soc, Sensor Div ID INFRARED LUMINESCENCE; DOPED GAN AB The GaN material system has attracted much recent attention as an excellent host medium for rare earth elements (RE). Thin films doped with Er, Eu, Tin, etc. have been processed into visible (green, red, blue) and infrared electroluminescent devices. These prototype devices are currently being studied for possible applications in full color displays and in optical communications. We have performed a systematic study of the optical excitation of various Er and Eu ions in GaN thin films. The RE ions were incorporated into the films through in-situ doping during molecular beam epitaxy. The GaN:RE samples exhibited a variety of emission lines in the visible and infrared regions. Three different excitation methods have been investigated for optical excitation of the RE ions: above-bandgap pumping through the generation of electron-hole pairs, below-bandgap resonant pumping of the 4f levels, and-below-bandgap non-resonant pumping through defect levels in the films. The different optical excitation techniques lead to different emission spectra and to different thermal quenching characteristics of the visible and infrared luminescence. Temperature dependent lifetime measurements suggest that non-radiative decay processes only weakly affect the intra-4 luminescence of both Er- and Eu-doped GaN material systems at room temperature. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zavada, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-369-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 3 BP 14 EP 21 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BW02Z UT WOS:000180671100002 ER PT B AU Jones, KA Shah, PB Ervin, MH Derenge, MA Vispute, RD Freitas, JA Gerardi, GJ AF Jones, KA Shah, PB Ervin, MH Derenge, MA Vispute, RD Freitas, JA Gerardi, GJ BE Kopf, RF Ren, F Stokes, EB Ng, HM Baca, AG Pearton, SJ Chu, SNG TI Activating ion implants in 4H-SiC by annealing with an AlN or BN cap SO STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS XXXVI AND WIDE BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS FOR PHOTONIC AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND SENSORS II SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Photonic and Electronic Devices and Sensors/36th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors International Symposia CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Electrochem Soc, Sensor Div ID SILICON-CARBIDE; BOUND EXCITON; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SIC(0001); ALUMINUM; DEFECT C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-369-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 3 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BW02Z UT WOS:000180671100014 ER PT B AU Cole, MW Joshi, PC Hubbard, C Demaree, JD Ervin, M AF Cole, MW Joshi, PC Hubbard, C Demaree, JD Ervin, M BE Kopf, RF Ren, F Stokes, EB Ng, HM Baca, AG Pearton, SJ Chu, SNG TI Thermal stability of Ni-based Ohmic contacts to n-SiC for high temperature and pulsed power device applications SO STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS XXXVI AND WIDE BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS FOR PHOTONIC AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND SENSORS II SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Photonic and Electronic Devices and Sensors/36th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors International Symposia CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Electrochem Soc, Sensor Div AB The thermal stability of Pt/Ti/WSi/Ni Ohmic contacts to n-SiC, initially annealed at 950 and 1000 degreesC, was assessed via pulsed/cyclic thermal fatigue and aging experiments at 650 T. Modifications of material properties in response to cyclic thermal fatigue and aging tests were quantitatively assessed via current voltage measurements, field emission scanning microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Negligible changes in the electrical properties, microstructure, and surface morphology/roughness were observed for both annealed Ohmic contacts in response to 100 cycles of acute cyclic thermal fatigue. Aging of the 950 degreesC annealed contact for 75 hours at 650 T resulted in electrical failure and chemical interdiffusion between the contact and SiC substrate. The 1000 degreesC annealed contact retained Omicity after 100 h of aging and was found to be chemically and microstructurally stable. These findings indicate that the 1000 degreesC annealed Pt/Ti/WSi/Ni Ohmic contact to n-SiC is thermally stable and merits strong potential for utilization in high temperature and pulsed power devices. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-369-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 3 BP 172 EP 177 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BW02Z UT WOS:000180671100022 ER PT B AU Das, NC Newman, P Chang, W AF Das, NC Newman, P Chang, W BE Kopf, RF Ren, F Stokes, EB Ng, HM Baca, AG Pearton, SJ Chu, SNG TI Kinetics of AlxGa1-xAs oxidation layer by capacitance-voltage technique SO STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS XXXVI AND WIDE BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS FOR PHOTONIC AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND SENSORS II SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Photonic and Electronic Devices and Sensors/36th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors International Symposia CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Electrochem Soc, Sensor Div ID ALAS AB We used capacitance voltage (C-V),technique to determine the kinetics of lateral oxidation of AlxGa1-xAs layer in a circular mesa structure. The oxide layer width determined by the C-V technique agrees with optical measurements. Additionally, the C-V technique has the advantage of determining different types of defects in the oxide, which are important for projecting the reliability of vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) devices. The wet oxidation between 400-435 degreesC shows negative charges in the oxide. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Das, NC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-369-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 3 BP 225 EP 231 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BW02Z UT WOS:000180671100029 ER PT J AU Ziai, W Torbey, M Naff, N Williams, MA Tuhrim, S Marmarou, T Bullock, R Hanley, DF AF Ziai, W Torbey, M Naff, N Williams, MA Tuhrim, S Marmarou, T Bullock, R Hanley, DF TI Absence of sustained intracranial pressure elevation in severe intraventricular hemorrhage SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JAN PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 MA P101 BP 380 EP 380 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 509KV UT WOS:000173147700280 ER PT J AU Lee, SL Windover, D Audino, M Matson, DW McClanahan, ED AF Lee, SL Windover, D Audino, M Matson, DW McClanahan, ED TI High-rate sputter deposited tantalum coating on steel for wear and erosion mitigation SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 30-MAY 05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE sputtering; triode sputtering; tantalum; thick coating; refractory coating; phase; residual stress; anisotropy ID THIN-FILMS; STRESS AB A proto-type, rifled steel liner of 20-mm inside diameter was coated with similar to50-125 mum tantalum at similar to22.6 mum/h in krypton gas using a triode sputter system. It was test fired with 1500 rounds for the mitigation of high-temperature and pressure wear and erosion. Growth surface analysis showed: (1) predominately alpha-phase and minimal beta-phase surface tantalum, (2) near random, slight preferred (2111) crystalline orientation, (3) a thin layer of surface zinc oxide and copper firing debris, (4) compressive surface residual stress peaked near the center of the tube. Photomicrograph metallurgical examination showed: (1) general good adhesion in major parts of the bulk coatings, (2) a thin layer of beta phase nucleation, and a phase or mixed alpha and beta phase grain growth, (3) excellent behavior in soft and ductile ut tantalum areas, but cracking and disbonding occurred in beta tantalum areas, (4) coating lift-off and coating loss occurred most frequently in land-groove transition and land areas, less in groove areas, (5) near the breech end where no coating was sputtered, the steel substrate suffered extensive cracking and environmentally-assisted heat damages. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lee, SL (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 149 IS 1 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01383-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 509RD UT WOS:000173162700009 ER PT S AU Eighmy, TT Cook, RA Gress, DL Coviello, A Spear, JCM Hover, K Pinto, R Hobbs, S Kosson, DS Sanchez, F van der Sloot, H Korhonen, C Simon, M AF Eighmy, TT Cook, RA Gress, DL Coviello, A Spear, JCM Hover, K Pinto, R Hobbs, S Kosson, DS Sanchez, F van der Sloot, H Korhonen, C Simon, M GP TRB TRB TRB TRB TI Use of accelerated aging to predict behavior of recycled materials in concrete pavements - Physical and environmental comparison of laboratory-aged samples with field pavements SO SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN TRANSPORTATION 2002: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Res & Special Programs Adm, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Amer Publ Transportat Assoc, Amer Transportat Res Inst, Assoc Amer Railroads, Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc ID RELEASE; WASTES AB Future behavior of recycled materials in highway applications is often difficult to predict. Accelerated aging is one means of exploring the long-term physical and environmental performance. Coal fly ash (CFA), routinely used as a cementitious replacement in portland cement concrete pavement, was selected as a model system in an accelerated aging approach. US-20 near Fort Dodge, Iowa, was used as a source of field-aged pavement slab material and concrete mixture proportions. This pavement, constructed in 1987, experienced early failure and distress. The role of CFA, if any, in the failure is not known. Three types of accelerated aging treatments were chosen and applied on laboratory prisms made with the US-20 mixture proportions: arrhenius aging (AA), cyclic loading, and freeze-thaw exposure. Physical and environmental response variables were used to examine the pavement slab and the aged laboratory prisms. The aging protocol affected both physical and chemical properties of the monoliths. It took about 9 months of elapsed time to age specimens to an equivalent age of about 4 years. The equivalent ages matched well with the time frame seen in the field for the onset of early distress. Most response variables for the aged laboratory prisms and the field samples were similar, suggesting that the aging method reasonably produced a pavement of similar age and distress. The AA treatment produced an unexpected loss of strength, suggesting that the accelerated aging promoted the onset of a deleterious reaction. Distinguishing the source of trace metals in leachates was difficult, for all components (CFA, aggregates, cement) had similar elemental compositions and leachability. The use of both physical and environmental response variables showed linkages between compressive strength, microcracking, fine pore structure, Cl diffusive leaching (efflux related to road salting that increases the concentration of Cl in the monolith), and Ca diffusive leaching (related to change in matrix structure and loss of Ca). C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Res Grp, Recycled Mat Resource Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Netherlands Energy Res Fdn, NL-1755 G Petten, Netherlands. USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. FHWA, Turner Fairbank Highway Res Ctr, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Eighmy, TT (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Res Grp, Recycled Mat Resource Ctr, 216 Environm Technol Bldg, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Pinto , Roberto/I-2447-2012; OI Pinto , Roberto/0000-0002-0479-080X; Eighmy, T. Taylor/0000-0002-3133-296X NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07718-4 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2002 IS 1792 BP 118 EP 128 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA BV64Z UT WOS:000179636200016 ER PT S AU Bennett, JG AF Bennett, JG BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Techniques for iterative design of observer field tests SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS VIII: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds VIII CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB In field tests to compare the observability of combat vehicles, the test designer must select the optimum number of observation opportunities in order to balance collecting enough data to draw valid conclusions against the high cost of supporting vehicles and personnel at a test site. The test designer, however, generally lacks key parameters for the efficient design of the test. Namely, the designer lacks the detection probabilities of the vehicles at each range. The standard deviation of the difference in detection probability depends upon the detection probability itself. Therefore, the test designer must select the number of observations for each range based upon the conservative assumption that the probabilities are near 50%, the probability for the maximum standard deviation. In this paper, an iterative technique of test design is explored in order to improve the efficiency of observability tests. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI 48317 USA. RP Bennett, JG (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI 48317 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4468-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4718 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1117/12.478795 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28U UT WOS:000178459800009 ER PT S AU Gonda, T Thomas, D Namburu, R Edwards, T AF Gonda, T Thomas, D Namburu, R Edwards, T BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Modeling, materials, and metrics: The three-m approach to FCS signature solutions SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS VIII: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds VIII CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE signature; infrared; visual signature; modeling; FCS; materials; metrics; SMART; virtual prototype AB There is a push in the Army to develop lighter vehicles that can get to remote parts of the world quickly. This objective force is not some new vehicle, but a whole new way of fighting wars. The Future Combat System (FCS), as it is called, has an extremely aggressive timeline and must rely on modeling and simulation to aid in defining the goals, optimizing the design and materials, and testing the performance of the various FCS systems concepts. While virtual prototyping for vehicles (both military and commercial) has been around as a concept for well over a decade and its use is promoted heavily in tours and in boardrooms, the actual application of virtual prototyping is often limited and when successful has been confined to specific physical engineering areas such as weight, space, stress, mobility, and ergonomics. If FCS is to succeed in its acquisition schedule, virtual prototyping will have to be relied on heavily and its application expanded. Signature management is an example of an area that would benefit greatly from virtual prototyping tools. However, there are several obstacles to achieving this goal. To rigorously analyze a vehicle's IR and visual signatures extensively in several different environments over different weather and seasonal conditions could result millions of potentially unique signatures to evaluate. In addition, there is no real agreement on what "evaluate" means or even what value is used to represent "signature"; Delta T (degreesC), Probability of Detection? What the user really wants to know is: how do I make my system survivable? This paper attempts to describe and then bound the problem and describe how the Army is attempting to deal with some of these issues in a holistic manner using SMART (Simulation and Modeling for Acquisition, Requirements, and Training) principles. C1 USA, TACOM RDEC, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Gonda, T (reprint author), USA, TACOM RDEC, TARDEC, MS263, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4468-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4718 BP 142 EP 155 DI 10.1117/12.478800 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28U UT WOS:000178459800014 ER PT S AU Sutherland, RA Montoya, JR Thompson, JC AF Sutherland, RA Montoya, JR Thompson, JC BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Atmospheric effects on visible and infrared scene clutter characterization SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS VIII: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds VIII CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE modeling; simulation; clutter characterization; aerosols; obscurants; emissivity; multiple scattering; path radiance; wind turbulence; atmospherics ID TARGET AB We examine the relationship between atmospheric-induced clutter, driven mainly by temporal variations of obscuring aerosols, and the more usual clutter attributed to spatial variations in natural background scenes. Our main approach is through the analysis of time dependent transmission-radiance measurements obtained during field experiments and through existing theories exploited in atmospheric models for generating effects of natural weather types and man made (battlefield) obscurants. We couple the obscurant modeling with other existing models for simulating natural background scenes and examine the effects of the obscurants on various scenes using recently developed analytical methods for calculating clutter metrics. Our selected clutter metric is based on what we call the block filter method that quantifies IR clutter in terms of potential false targets based on scene statistics. Our main focus is on the effects of direct transmittance, path radiance, and turbulence driven noise at multiple wavelength regimes. Preliminary results from field data show strong cross-band correlations in measured path transmission obtained over collinear lines of sight and wavelengths from the visible to infrared. The same trend holds for measured path radiance, most rigorously at the shorter wavelengths (visible and near infrared), but with a significantly enhanced noise component at the infrared wavelengths (mid and far infrared) where the effect of obscurant thermal emission comes into play. From the analysis of the imagery we have also detected both emissive and reflective contributions to the path radiance. We apply the results to four background scenes of varying degree of complexity and report the results in terms of a clutter metric representative of the particular background under both "clear air" and obscured conditions. C1 USA, Res Lab, Survivabil Lethal Anal Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Sutherland, RA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Survivabil Lethal Anal Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4468-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4718 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1117/12.478810 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28U UT WOS:000178459800023 ER PT S AU Smith, RA Shipman, M Holder, EJ Williams, JK AF Smith, RA Shipman, M Holder, EJ Williams, JK BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Interferometric radar measurements SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS VIII: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds VIII CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command (USASMDC) has interest in a technology demonstration that capitalizes on investment in fire control and smart interceptor technologies that have matured beyond basic research. The concept "SWORD" (Short range missile defense With Optimized Radar Distribution) consists of a novel approach utilizing a missile interceptor and interferometric fire control radar. A hit-to-kill, closed-loop, command guidance scheme is planned that takes advantage of extremely accurate target and interceptor state vectors derived via the fire control radar. The fire control system has the capability to detect, track, and classify multiple threats in a tactical regime as well as simultaneously provide command guidance updates to multiple missile interceptors. The missile interceptor offers a cost reduction potential as well as an enhancement to the kinematics range and lethality over existing SHORAD systems. Additionally, the Radio Frequency (RF) guidance scheme offers increased battlefield weather performance. The Air Defense (AD) community, responding to current threat capabilities and trends, has identified an urgent need to have a capability to counter proliferated, low cost threats with a low cost-per-kill weapon system. The SWORD system will offer a solution that meets this need. The SWORD critical technologies will be identified including a detailed description of each. Validated test results and basic principles of operation will be presented to prove the merit of the past investments. The Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research and Technology (DAS(R&T) has a three-year Science and Technology Program to evaluate the errors and proposed mitigation techniques associated with target spectral dispersion and range agate straddle. Preliminary Bench-Top Experiment results will be presented in this paper. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Smith, RA (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, POB 1500, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4468-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4718 BP 380 EP 396 DI 10.1117/12.478825 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28U UT WOS:000178459800036 ER PT S AU Beck, D Bennett, R AF Beck, D Bennett, R BE Murrer, RL TI Implementation of a personal computer based real-time hardware-in-the-loop US army aviation and Missile Command simulator SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing VII CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE real-time; simulation; PC; RFSS; hardware-m-the-loop; missile; simulator AB With the rapid increase in computational power of the standard personal computer, many tasks that could only be performed by a mini-computer or mainframe can now be performed by the common personal computer. Ten years ago, computational and data transfer requirements for a real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulator could only be met by specialized high performance mini-computers. Today, personal computers shoulder the bulk of the computational load in the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command's Radio Frequency Simulation System, and one of the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command's millimeter wave simulation systems is currently undergoing a transition to personal computers. This paper discusses how personal computers have been used as the computational backbone for a real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulator, and some of the advantages and disadvantages of a PC based simulation. This paper also provides some general background on what the Radio Frequency Simulation System (RFSS) is and how it works, since the RFSS has successfully implemented a PC based real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulator. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Washington, DC USA. RP Beck, D (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4467-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4717 BP 24 EP 31 DI 10.1117/12.474724 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BV18F UT WOS:000178075800004 ER PT S AU Ashley, PR Temmen, MG Sanghadasa, M AF Ashley, PR Temmen, MG Sanghadasa, M BE Chin, AK Dutta, NK Herrick, RW Linden, KJ McGraw, DJ TI Applications of SLDs in fiber optical gyroscopes SO TEST AND MEASUREMENT APPLICATIONS OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Test and Measurement Applications of Optoelectronic Devices CY JAN 21-22, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE interferometric fiber-optic gyroscopes; superluminescent diodes; optical waveguides; integrated optics ID SUPERLUMINESCENT DIODE; LOW-DRIFT; LASER; GYRO AB The performance of interferometric fiber optical gyroscopes (IFOGs) has continued to advance resulting in expanded applications for both commercial and military inertial sensors. The primary advantages of the IFOG technology for inertial systems are the high reliability and lower cost. Most IFOG designs incorporate a fiber light source, a fiber sensing coil with discrete components connected, typically, with optical fiber pigtails. Fiber light sources require several optical components and are expensive to produce as well as bulky to package. The use of superluminescent diodes (SLDs) as a light source provides a much smaller, less expensive alternative and provides more flexibility in the integration architecture. The challenge for SLD development is the achievement of high power while maintaining the spectral quality and long lifetime. Presented here are the source requirements and the performance achieved for SLD's designed for these applications. C1 USA, AMCOM, AMSAM, RD,WS,ID, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Ashley, PR (reprint author), USA, AMCOM, AMSAM, RD,WS,ID, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4387-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4648 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1117/12.462647 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BU57R UT WOS:000176404900012 ER PT S AU Zalameda, JN Winfree, WP AF Zalameda, JN Winfree, WP BE Maldague, XP Rozlosnik, AE TI "Quantitative thermal nondestructive evaluation using an uncooled microbolometer infrared camera" SO THERMOSENSE XXIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Thermosense XXIV Conference CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE thermal nondestructive evaluation; electronic shutters; uncooled microbolometer infrared camera; and thermal diffusivity AB Recent advances in uncooled microbolometer detector arrays has resulted in low cost, small size/weight, and low power consumption infrared cameras. The purpose of this paper is to assess the capabilities of the new microbolometer infrared cameras for quantitative thermal nondestructive evaluation. The camera assessed is a 160 x 128 uncooled microbolometer sensor array operating in the long wavelength infrared band (7.5 to 13.5 microns). The camera size is 4.32 H x 4.32 W X 10.92 L centimeters. Quantitative thermal diffusivity and thickness images obtained by minimizing the squared difference between the data and a thermal model on samples with fabricated defects are presented. The results are compared to conventional thermal imaging cameras using cooled focal plane array detectors. The advantages of a synchronized electronic shutter system (SESS) to remove the heat lamp influence during and after flash heating will also be discussed for these uncooled microbolometer detector arrays. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch MS 231, USA Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Zalameda, JN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch MS 231, USA Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4460-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4710 BP 610 EP 617 DI 10.1117/12.459614 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BU77V UT WOS:000176994600068 ER PT B AU Lyle, KH Ambur, DR AF Lyle, KH Ambur, DR BE Sivasundaram, S TI Simulation and analysis of a prestressed panel impacted by a rectangular plate projectile SO THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NONLINEAR PROBLEMS IN AVIATION AND AEROSPACE, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Nonlinear Problems in Aviation and Aerospace CY MAY 10-12, 2000 CL EMBRY RIDDLE AERONAUT UNIV, DAYTONA BEACH, FL SP Int Federat Nonlinear Analysts, Int Federat Informat Proc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut HO EMBRY RIDDLE AERONAUT UNIV DE penetration mechanics; prestressed plate; transient dynamics; finite element simulation AB This paper summarizes results from analytical simulations designed to evaluate the effect of an uncontained engine fragment impacting a pressurized fuselage structure. In this paper, the modeling approach assumed that the pressurized fuselage is represented by a prestressed, flat, aluminum plate and the blade fragment by a titanium, solid, rectangular plate. The impact and response were simulated using a commercial, nonlinear, transient dynamic, finite element code. The prestress of the plate was varied from 0 to 40 ksi for projectile impact velocities ranging from 2,000 to 5,000 in/sec. These prestress and impact velocity parameters spanned both the impactor rebound and penetration domains. The impact velocity was demonstrated to significantly affect the plate response. The analytical results suggest that for velocities that approach the "just contained" velocity, the effect of prestress can result in specimen penetration. C1 USA, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Lyle, KH (reprint author), USA, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE CB4 4RT PA PO BOX 806 COTTENHAM, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4RT, ENGLAND BN 0-9526643-2-1 PY 2002 BP 385 EP 393 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA BX15Z UT WOS:000184462700042 ER PT S AU Corner, BD Li, P Beecher, B Paquette, S AF Corner, BD Li, P Beecher, B Paquette, S BE Corner, BD Pargas, RP Nurre, JH TI Two methods for locating feducial points on three-dimensional scans of the human face SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE CAPTURE AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Three-Dimensional Image Capture and Application V CY JAN 23-24, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE 3-D surface scanning; anthropometry; face landmarks ID LANDMARKS AB The objects captured with three-dimensional (3-D) scanners are, by themselves, of limited value. The real power of 3-D scanning emerges as applications derive useful information from the point clouds. Extracting measurements from 3-D human body scans is an important capability for those interested in clothing and equipment design, human factors evaluation, and web commerce, among other applications. In order to be practical, measurement extraction functions must be fast, accurate, and reliable. Automation is critical for processing the large numbers of scans envisioned by most developers. In this paper we report two functions for identifying feducial points (landmarks) on the human face. First, we used a template-matching approach where a predefined template of 34 face landmarks is matched to a head scan using a small subset of the template landmarks. Once the template is in place, interrogating local surface geometry refines landmark location. This approach allows us to locate a large number of landmarks quickly, and, more importantly, it allows us to place important but hard to locate landmarks. In our second approach, we used image-processing methods to locate a small blue dot that has been positioned on the face prior to scanning. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Corner, BD (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4401-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4661 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1117/12.460169 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU44F UT WOS:000176000400017 ER PT J AU Anderson, DR Mitcheltree, LW Brobst, DE Byers, SL Merz, DF Gold, MB AF Anderson, DR Mitcheltree, LW Brobst, DE Byers, SL Merz, DF Gold, MB TI A vapor exposure model for neonatal mice SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE exposure; method; mouse; neonate; sulfur mustard; vapor ID HAIRLESS GUINEA-PIG; SULFUR MUSTARD; SKIN AB Sulfur mustard (HD) is a vesicant compound that was first used as a chemical warfare agent in World War I. (Papirmeister et al. 1991). Numerous animal models have been used to study HD-induced vesication. In this article, we describe modifications of the vapor cup model of Mershon and colleagues (1990) to establish a new vapor cup model for use in neonatal mice. The need to develop this model resulted from the development of gene-targeted knockout mice that can be used to evaluate the function of specific genes and their contribution to HD-induced pathology. However, the knockouts are haired mice; therefore, it is necessary to perform vapor exposures on the pups prior to their growing hair. Neonatal mice were anesthetized with isofluorane inhalation and placed in sternal recumbency on a 37 C isothermal pad to maintain body heat during exposure. The vapor cup consisted of a 1.5-mL microfuge tube cap (8 mm inside diameter) modified using a Dremel tool to contour its rim to better fit the curve of a mouse pups back. The inside of the cap was fitted with an 8-mm, disk of Whatman #2 filter paper, and the rim of the cap was coated with a thin bead of Thomas Lubriseal grease. Ten muL of neat HD was placed on the filter paper disk, and the cup was immediately inverted and placed onto the back of an anesthetized mouse pup. Exposure tunes varied from 10 to 30 min. At 24 h postexposure, the mice were euthanized; the HD-exposed skin was removed and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Following a minimum of 24 h of formalin fixation, the skin sections were bisected across the exposed area. The sections were embedded in paraffin with the central straight-cut surfaces being the focus of histological evaluation. The amount of damage associated with the HD vapor cup exposure varied with time in a dose response fashion. Typical damage consisted of varying amounts of epidermal necrosis at the basal cell level, with occasional separation of epidermis from dermis (microvesication). In severe cases there was complete coagulation of the epidermis and no microvesication. This model should prove useful in identifying the biochemical mechanism of action of HD and ultimately aid in the evaluation of treatment compounds. It may also provide a relevant exposure model for other compounds for which the assessment of vapor-induced damage is necessitated. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Attn MCMR UV PA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Anderson, DR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Attn MCMR UV PA, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1080/1537-650291895775 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 549FY UT WOS:000175434900005 PM 20597816 ER PT S AU Neale, VL Brich, SC Anders, RL AF Neale, VL Brich, SC Anders, RL GP TRB TRB TI Fluorescent sign colors for incident management trailblazing - Evaluation of assignments in Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices SO TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES, VISIBILITY, AND RAIL-HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSINGS 2002: HIGHWAY OPERATIONS, CAPACITY, AND TRAFFIC CONTROL SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Amer Publ Transportat Assoc, Amer Transportat Res Inst, Assoc Amer Railroads, Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc AB Previous research evaluated the use of unassigned sign colors from the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for incident management trailblazing; however, fluorescent sign colors were not evaluated. Since evidence suggests that fluorescence on signs improves conspicuity, the following colors were evaluated along a contrived test route with an instrumented vehicle: black on fluorescent coral, fluorescent yellow on fluorescent purple, black on fluorescent yellow-green, and yellow on purple in nonfluorescent colors. No significant differences in driving performance were exhibited among the four experimental sign-color combinations. Based on questionnaire results, the black on fluorescent yellow-green sign was preferred by younger and older drivers during both day and night visibility conditions. However, fluorescent yellow-green was subsequently assigned by the Federal Highway Administration for pedestrian, school, and bicycle crossings. For the remaining colors, black on fluorescent coral was ranked highest for visibility and overall preference, followed by fluorescent yellow on fluorescent purple; with nonfluorescent yellow on purple least preferred. Black on fluorescent coral was preferred over fluorescent yellow on fluorescent purple during daytime viewing conditions, while the reverse was true for nighttime. Drivers also commented that the arrow on the sign was too small to determine directional information from a comfortable distance. C1 Virginia Tech, Transportat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Dept Transportat, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. USA, Res Lab, Field Off, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Neale, VL (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Transportat Inst, 3500 Transportat Res Plaza,0536, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07727-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2002 IS 1801 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BV98H UT WOS:000180588300001 ER PT J AU Nestler, JM Goodwin, RA Cole, TM Degan, D Dennerline, D AF Nestler, JM Goodwin, RA Cole, TM Degan, D Dennerline, D TI Simulating movement patterns of blueback herring in a stratified southern impoundment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH DISTRIBUTION; MODEL; AESTIVALIS; BEHAVIOR AB J. Strom Thurmond Lake (Georgia-South Carolina) strongly stratifies during the summer, producing a temperature-dissolved oxygen "squeeze" for landlocked blueback herring Alosa aestivalis. A coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian hybrid (CEL hybrid) model was developed to improve understanding of and better predict the in-reservoir Movements of blueback herring in response to these limiting conditions. An existing application of CE-QUAL-W2, a two-dimensional, laterally averaged water quality and hydrodynamic model, was used to simulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of summer water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and hydraulics. The biological module was parameterized by using mobile hydroacoustic survey data supplemented with species composition data from.-ill-net surveys. The simulation accurately described the longitudinal (r(2) = 0.67) and vertical (r(2) = 0.93) distributions observed for blueback herring. The model results suggest that the longitudinal distribution of blueback herring in summer is best explained by a random term (57%) and horizontal water velocity (43%). The vertical distribution is best explained by the following variables (in order of their importance): water temperature (45%), a random term (44%), dissolved oxygen (6%), horizontal velocity (4%), and vertical velocity (1 %). The integration of fish behavior into a flow and water quality modeling framework can be used to gain insight into the response of coolwater species to flow and water quality patterns. This insight can serve as a foundation for population and bioenergetics modeling or be used to improve the management of coolwater fish and their habitats in dynamic reservoir systems. We recommend that additional data be used to further test and refine the model. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab CEERD EP W, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab CEERD EP W, Columbia River Basin Facility, N Bonneville, WA 98639 USA. Aquacoustics Inc, Mooresville, NC 28117 USA. Univ Georgia, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Nestler, JM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab CEERD EP W, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 131 IS 1 BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0055:SMPOBH>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 514AC UT WOS:000173412800005 ER PT J AU Wang, G Fang, S Shinkareva, S Gertner, G Anderson, A AF Wang, G Fang, S Shinkareva, S Gertner, G Anderson, A TI Spatial uncertainty in prediction of the topographical factor for the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE error budgets; sequential indicator simulation; soil erosion; topographical factor; uncertainty propagation ID SENSITIVITY AB Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is a model widely used to predict soil loss. An important component of RUSLE is the combined topographical factor (LS), which is the product of the slope length factor (L) and the slope steepness factor (S). It is important to identify the main sources of uncertainty in the LS factor and reduce the uncertainty where practical. Moreover, the uncertainty, of the LS factor may, vary across space, and this spatial uncertainty may require error management. For this reason, the spatial effects of slope steepness and slope length should be quantified, and their uncertainty propagation should be modeled. This article presents a general methodology for spatial uncertainty, assessment of the RUSLE and its application results to the uncertainty analysis of LS as an example. A sequential indicator simulation was used to develop spatial prediction maps of slope steepness and slope length based on collected field data. The uncertainty due to slope steepness, slope length, and model parameters were propagated through topographical factor LS using the Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (FAST). Spatial variance partitioning was performed to generate error budgets, and uncertainty sources were identified. Slope steepness contributed the largest variance in predicting topographical factor LS, followed by slope length. The variance contributions from the model parameters and measurement errors were relatively small. The results provide modelers and decision-makers with spatial uncertainty information for the purpose of error management. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resource & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USACERL, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL USA. RP Gertner, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resource & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 109 EP 118 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 544TE UT WOS:000175176100013 ER PT S AU Wilson, DK Sadler, BM Pham, T AF Wilson, DK Sadler, BM Pham, T BE Carapezza, EM TI Simulation of detection and beamforming with acoustical ground sensors SO UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications IV CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE tactical decision aids; sound propagation; weather effects ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; PROPAGATION AB An interactive platform has been developed for simulating the detection and direction-finding performance of battlefield acoustic ground sensors. The simulations use the Acoustic Battlefield Aid (ABFA) as a computational engine to determine the signal propagation and resulting frequency-domain signal characteristics at the receiving sensor array. There are three components to the propagation predictions: the transmission loss (signal attenuation from target to sensor), signal saturation (degree of signal randomization), and signal coherence across the beamforming array. The transmission loss is predicted with a parabolic solution to the wave equation that accounts for sound refraction and ground interactions; signal saturation and coherence are predicted from the theory for line-of-sight wave propagation through turbulence. Based on these calculations, random frequency-domain signal samples are generated. The signal samples are then mixed with noise and fed to the selected detection or beamforming algorithm. After averaging over a number of trials, results are overlaid on a terrain map to show the sensor coverage. Currently available algorithms include the Neyman-Pearson criterion and Bayes risk minimization for detection, and the conventional, MVDR, and MUSIC beamformers. Users can readily add their own algorithms through a "plug-in" interface. The interface requires only a text file listing the algorithm parameters and defaults, and a MATLAB routine or Windows dynamic link library that implements the algorithm. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4493-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4743 BP 50 EP 61 DI 10.1117/12.443525 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BV34J UT WOS:000178618500006 ER PT S AU Nemeroff, JL Garcia, L DiPierro, S Hamilton, BA AF Nemeroff, JL Garcia, L DiPierro, S Hamilton, BA BE Carapezza, EM TI Networked sensor communications for the objective force SO UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications IV CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The US Army's Future Combat Systems (FCS) and Objective Force will rely heavily on the use of unattended sensor net-works to detect, locate and identify enemy targets in order to survive with less armor protection on the future battlefield. Successful implementation of these critical communication net-works will require the collection of the sensor data, processing and collating it with available intelligence, then transporting it in a format conducive to make quick and accurate command decisions based on the latest tactical situational awareness. The networked communications must support both static deployed and mobile ground and air robotic sensors with secure, stealthy, andjam resistant links for sensor fusion and command and control. It is envisioned for broadest application that sensor networks can be deployed in a two-tiered architecture. The architecture includes a lower sensor sub-layer consisting of mixes of acoustic, magnetic and seismic detectors and an upper sub-layer consisting of infrared or visual imagers. The upper sub-layer can be cued by the lower sub-layer and provides a gateway link to the higher echelon tactical maneuver layer networks such as the Tactical Internet. The sensor deployments, networking constraints and reach back distances to Command and Control (C2) nodes will be mission scenario specific, however, the architecture will also apply to tactical unattended sensor, munition and robotic applications. Technologies from the Army Research Laboratory, Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and commercial will be leveraged for this effort. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Nemeroff, JL (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4493-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4743 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1117/12.448518 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BV34J UT WOS:000178618500028 ER PT S AU Eicke, J Kolodny, M AF Eicke, J Kolodny, M BE Carapezza, EM TI Networked unattended ground sensors: The road ahead SO UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications IV CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE network; sensors; Future Combat Systems; army; Unattended Ground Sensors; UGS; sensors; acoustic; seismic; magnetic; networked sensors AB With its focus on the Future Combat Systems (FCS), the U.S. Army has embarked on an important campaign to field a lighter force, capable of being deployed in a fraction of the time currently required. The survivability of this force, however, will be based more heavily on the use of integrated command and control capabilities with unsurpassed situational understanding for all levels of commanders. Arrays of small, low cost, low power sensors will play a key role in detecting, locating, tracking and identifying targets, particularly in areas where the terrain or other circumstances prevent traditional high performance sensors from providing critical information. There has been, and continues to be, a number of DoD programs aimed at fielding Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS). While much of the underpinning technology exists to field such systems, many technology and operational barriers still remain. This paper will attempt to discuss the challenges to overcoming these barriers. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Eicke, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4493-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4743 BP 271 EP 282 DI 10.1117/12.448510 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BV34J UT WOS:000178618500031 ER PT S AU Smuda, W Muench, P Gerhart, G Moore, K AF Smuda, W Muench, P Gerhart, G Moore, K BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Autonomy and manual operation in a small robotic system for under-vehicle inspections at security checkpoints SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology IV CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE robotics; surveillance; teleoperation; vehicle inspection; homeland defense AB Unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) technology can be used in a number of ways to assist in counter-terrorism activities. In addition to the conventional uses of tele-operated robots for unexploded ordinance handling and disposal, water cannons and other crowd control devices, robots can also be employed for a host of terrorism deterrence and detection applications. In previous research USU developed a completely autonomous prototype robot for performing under-vehicle inspections in parking areas (ODIS). Testing of this prototype and discussions with the user community indicated that neither the technology nor the users are ready for complete autonomy. In this paper we present a robotic system based on ODIS that balances the users' desire/need for tele-operation with a limited level of autonomy that enhances the performance of the robot. The system can be used by both civilian law enforcement and military police to replace the traditional "mirror on a stick" system of looking under cars for bombs and contraband. C1 USA, TARDEC Robot Mobil Lab, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Smuda, W (reprint author), USA, TARDEC Robot Mobil Lab, MS 263, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4465-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4715 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.474445 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BV18D UT WOS:000178075300001 ER PT S AU Young, SH Nguyen, HM AF Young, SH Nguyen, HM BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI System design for robot agent team SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology IV CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE robot; agent; swarm; OFW; FCS AB Small air and ground physical agents (robots) will be ubiquitous on the battlefield of the 21(st) century, principally to lower the exposure to harm of our ground forces in urban and open terrain. Teams of small collaborating physical agents conducting tasks such as Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition (RSTA), intelligence, chemical and biological agent detection, logistics, decoy, sentry, and communications relay will have advanced sensors, communications, and mobility characteristics. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is conducting research in sensor fusion, communications, and processing on small mobile robotic platforms principally in the urban environment in support of Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT). This paper discusses on-going research at ARL that supports the development of multi-robot collaboration. Commercial ATRV-2 and Urban Robot platforms are being utilized along with advanced battlefield visualization tools and other tools to effectively command and control teams of collaborating physical agents and present the gathered information in a manner that is useful to the commander. The software architecture and the modular packaging designs will be the focus of the paper, which also consider mother ship concepts. Additionally, work that has been conducted with PM Soldier Systems to integrate robotic platforms (Robot Warrior) with the Land Warrior (LW) ensemble to create a Scout Warrior will be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CB, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Young, SH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CB, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4465-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4715 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.474469 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BV18D UT WOS:000178075300004 ER PT S AU Brendle, BE Jaczkowski, JJ AF Brendle, BE Jaczkowski, JJ BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Robotic Follower: near-term autonomy for Future Combat Systems SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology IV CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE autonomous; follower; future combat; robotics; unmanned systems AB Robotics is one of the fundamental enabling technologies required to meet the U.S. Army's vision to be a strategically responsive force capable of domination across the entire spectrum of conflict. The Future Combat Systems (FCS) program is poised to be the first component of this force to utilize robotic or unmanned systems. The U. S. Army Tank Automotive Research, Development & Engineering Center (TARDEC), in partnership with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has initiated an effort to develop a near-term robotics capability for FCS, entitled the Robotic Follower Advanced Technology Demonstration program. C1 USA, TACOM, AMSTA TR R, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Brendle, BE (reprint author), USA, TACOM, AMSTA TR R, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, MS-264, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4465-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4715 BP 112 EP 117 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BV18D UT WOS:000178075300013 ER PT S AU Bornstein, JA AF Bornstein, JA BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Army ground robotics research program SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology IV CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE robotics; Unmanned Ground Vehicle; autonomous mobility; perception AB The U.S. Army has committed to a paradigm shift in the way future ground military operations will be conducted. It envisions highly mobile, lethal, and survivable forces that seamlessly combine manned and unmanned elements. To support this vision, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, together with an alliance of government, industrial and academic organizations, has embarked upon a concerted research program focusing upon development of the technologies required for autonomous ground mobility by unmanned systems. This paper will discuss technical activities of the past year and research directions for the future. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Bornstein, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4465-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4715 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.474442 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BV18D UT WOS:000178075300014 ER PT S AU Overholt, JL Hudas, GR Gerhart, GR AF Overholt, JL Hudas, GR Gerhart, GR BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Defining proprioceptive behaviors for autonomous mobile robots SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology IV CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Proprioception; behavioral control; sensor fusion; threshold fuzzy systems AB Proprioception is a sense of body position and movement that supports the control of many automatic motor functions such as posture and locomotion. This concept, normally relegated to the fields of neural physiology and kinesiology, is being utilized in the field of unmanned mobile robotics. This paper looks at developing proprioceptive behaviors for use in controlling an unmanned ground vehicle. First, we will discuss the field of behavioral control of mobile robots. Next, a discussion of proprioception and the development of proprioceptive sensors will be presented. We will then focus on the development of a unique neural-fuzzy architecture that will be used to incorporate the control behaviors coming directly from the proprioceptive sensors. Finally we will present a simulation experiment where a simple multi-sensor robot, utilizing both external and proprioceptive sensors, is presented with the task of navigating an unknown terrain to a known target position. Results of the mobile robot utilizing this unique fusion methodology will be discussed. C1 USA, Tank Automot Armaments, TACOM,TARDEC,Robot Mobil Lab, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI USA. RP Overholt, JL (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot Armaments, TACOM,TARDEC,Robot Mobil Lab, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4465-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4715 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1117/12.474460 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BV18D UT WOS:000178075300030 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Wong, D Smith, G Ressler, M AF Nguyen, L Wong, D Smith, G Ressler, M BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Forward imaging robotic vehicle mission using ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology IV CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Ultra-wideband radar; UWB; computational electromagnetic; forward imaging; robotic AB In support of the Army vision for increased mobility, survivability, and lethality, we are investigating the use of ultrawideband (UWB) radar technology to enhance unmanned ground vehicle missions. The ability of UWB radar technology to detect foliage-concealed objects could provide an important obstacle avoidance capability for robotic vehicles, which would improve the speed and maneuverability of these vehicles and consequently increase the survivability of the U.S. forces. This technology would address the particular challenges that confront robotic vehicles such as large rocks hidden in tall grass and voids such as ditches and bodies of water. This paper describes electromagnetic model predictions of the radar cross section of potential robotic vehicle obstacles. These model predictions will be used to generate simulated synthetic aperture radar images based on notional imaging geometries. The simulated images will be used to guide the data collection scenarios for the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) ultra-wideband BoomSAR system. Using a combination of the models, simulations, and BoomSAR data we investigate the operating parameters (imaging angles, frequencies, bandwidth, etc.) for an obstacle-avoidance UWB radar. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, 2800 Powder Mill, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4465-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4715 BP 355 EP 364 DI 10.1117/12.474468 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BV18D UT WOS:000178075300037 ER PT S AU Abbott, KC Bakris, GL AF Abbott, KC Bakris, GL BE Poulain, D Oliet, S Theodosis, D TI Treatment of the diabetic patient: focus on cardiovascular and renal risk reduction SO VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN: FROM GENES TO CLINICAL APPLICATIONS SE PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Neurohypophysial Hormones CY SEP 08-12, 2001 CL BORDEAUX, FRANCE ID LEFT-VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; DOCA-SALT HYPERTENSION; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; WATER METABOLISM; ACE-INHIBITION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; VASOPRESSIN AB Diabetes mellitus increases the risk for hypertension and associated cardiovascular diseases, including coronary, cerebrovascular, renal and peripheral vascular disease. The risk for developing cardiovascular disease is increased when both diabetes and hypertension co-exist; in fact, over 11 million Americans have both diabetes and hypertension. These numbers will continue to climb, internationally, since the leading associated risk for diabetes development, obesity, has reached epidemic proportions. globally. Moreover, the frequent association of diabetes with dyslipidemia, as well as coagulation, endothelial, and metabolic abnormalities also aggravates the underlying vascular disease process in patients who possess these comorbid conditions. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are overactivated in both hypertension and diabetes. Drugs that inhibit this system, such as ACE inhibitors and more recently angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARBs), have proven beneficial effects on the micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. especially the kidney. The BRILLIANT study showed that lisinopril reduces microalbuminuria better than CCB therapy. Numerous other long-term studies confirm this association with ACE inhibitors including the HOPE trial. Furthermore, the European Controlled trial of Lisinopril in Insulin-dependent Diabetes (EUCLID) study, showed that lisinopril slowed the progression of renal disease, even in individuals with mild albuminuria. In fact, there are now five appropriately powered randomized placebo-controlled trials to show that both ACE inhibitors and ARBs slow progression of diabetic nephropathy in people with type 2 diabetes. These effects were shown to be better than conventional blood pressure lowering therapy, including dihydropyridine CCBs. In patients with micro albuminuria, ACE inhibitors and ARBs reduce the progression of microalbuminuria to proteinuria and provide a risk reduction of between 38 and 60% for progression to proteinuria. This is important since micro albuminuria is known to be associated with increased vascular permeability and decreased responsiveness to vasodilatory stimuli. Recently, increased AVP levels have been lined to microalbuminuria and hyperfiltration in diabetes. The microvascular and macrovascular benefits of ACE inhibition, ARBs and possible role of AVP antagonists in diabetic patients will be discussed, as will be recommendations for its clinical use. C1 Rush Univ, Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Hypters Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bakris, GL (reprint author), Rush Univ, Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Hypters Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, 1700 W Van Buren,Suite 470, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 87 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0079-6123 BN 0-444-50982-8 J9 PROG BRAIN RES PY 2002 VL 139 BP 289 EP 298 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BV65X UT WOS:000179669800023 PM 12436944 ER PT J AU Fritz, DL Dubey, JP AF Fritz, DL Dubey, JP TI Pathology of Sarcocystis neurona in interferon-gamma gene knockout mice SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; immunohistochemistry; interferon-gamma knockout mice; myeloencephalitis; pathology; Sarcosystis neurona ID ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AB Pathologic changes were studied in 27 interferon-gamma gene knockout mice 34-54 days after being fed graded doses of Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts derived from a naturally infected opossum. The target tissue for S. neurona infection was the central nervous system. Characteristic histopathologic changes present in all mice consisted of an inflammatory infiltrate consisting of mostly neutrophils and macrophages, fewer eosinophils, and rare multinucleated giant cells. Intralesional protozoa and scattered subacute perivascular cuffs were present. Where the infiltrates were extensive, neuropil rarefaction was frequent. Pathologic changes were much more frequent and severe in the caudal portion of the brain, especially in the cerebellum, than in the middle and cranial portions. Changes were present in all spinal cords examined (10 of 10). Lesions were equally distributed in white and gray matter of the brain and spinal cord and their meningeal linings. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Fritz, DL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 137 EP 140 DI 10.1354/vp.39-1-137 PG 4 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 512AB UT WOS:000173298000017 PM 12102206 ER PT J AU Rico, PJ AF Rico, PJ TI Were only human primates SO VETERINARY TECHNICIAN LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Lab Anim Med, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Rico, PJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Lab Anim Med, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY LEARNING SYSTEMS PI TRENTON PA 425 PHILLIPS BLVD #100, TRENTON, NJ 08618 USA SN 8750-8990 J9 VET TECH JI Vet. Tech. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 510HL UT WOS:000173202600002 ER PT S AU Combs, RJ Manning, CJ AF Combs, RJ Manning, CJ BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ TI Continuous internal response calibration for FT-IR spectrometry SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY-BASED SENSOR SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy-Based Sensor Systems CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE internal calibration; spectral response; FT-IR spectrometry; IR LED probe ID MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; MIRROR VELOCITY AB Calibration of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer response is crucial to quantitative spectroradiometric measurements. The use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) as probes of detector channel response is further demonstrated. Detector channel response functions significantly impact spectrometer performance. LED modulation bandwidths, some extending well into the megaHertz (MHz) range, are more than fast enough for characterization of FT-IR detector channel responses. A variety of optical probe signals can be generated using LEDs driven by waveform generators, lock-in amplifiers or digital signal processors. Accurate determination of the phase and gain responses of both the IR signal and laser reference channels is straightforward. With appropriate modulation of the IR LEDs, channel response is measurable on a scan-by-scan basis, perhaps even to the point of accurately determining detector saturation in real time. C1 US Army, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Combs, RJ (reprint author), US Army, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4305-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4577 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1117/12.455731 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23G UT WOS:000175418500016 ER PT S AU Fell, NF Smith, AGB Vellone, M Fountain, AW AF Fell, NF Smith, AGB Vellone, M Fountain, AW BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ TI Optimization of substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of bacteria SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY-BASED SENSOR SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy-Based Sensor Systems CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; bacteria; biological detection ID SILVER ELECTRODE; NEURAL NETWORKS; IR SPECTRA; IDENTIFICATION; PYRIDINE; COLLOIDS AB The use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has recently seen a revitalization of interest with advances in surface coating technologies and other related areas. Recent reports have indicated that enhancement factors of up to 14 orders of magnitude can be achieved, providing the sensitivity requisite to trace level detection of target analytes. Due to the short range of the SERS effect, the interference of background materials may be reduced if the target analyte can be selectively brought near the SERS surface. SERS also holds the promise of providing the ability to determine the identity of bacterial species through recognition of the unique spectrum of a given species. The first major hurdle to its application to this problem is the design and optimization of appropriate surfaces for SERS of bacteria. This is complicated by the negative surface charge of the metal surface and the bacterium that results in a repulsive force that must be overcome. Our efforts have focused on selection of the best SERS substrate for this purpose. We are examining four potential SERS substrates: Au colloids in suspension with the bacteria, Au colloids immobilized on a surface, electrochemically roughened Au surfaces, and Ag periodic particle arrays provided by Prof. Richard van Duyne. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Fell, NF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4305-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4577 BP 174 EP 181 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23G UT WOS:000175418500020 ER PT S AU Kroutil, RT Combs, RJ Knapp, RB Small, GW AF Kroutil, RT Combs, RJ Knapp, RB Small, GW BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ TI Airborne passive FT-IR spectrometry SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY-BASED SENSOR SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy-Based Sensor Systems CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE airborne remote sensing; passive FT-IR spectrometry; discriminant analysis; ammonia detection; ethanol vapor ID TRANSFORM INFRARED INTERFEROGRAMS; CHEMICAL PLUMES AB Rapid airborne identification and quantification of vapor hazards is an environmentally important capability for a variety of open-air scenarios. This study demonstrates the use of a commercially available passive Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer to detect, identify, and quantify ammonia and ethanol vapor signatures depending on the appropriate signal processing strategy. The signal-processing strategy removes the need for a representative background spectrum and it consists of three steps to extract the spectral information associated with the target vapor. The first step is optimal interferogram segment selection which depends on the bandwidth of the target spectral feature. The second step applies the statistically significant finite impulse response matrix (FIRM) filter to the optimal interferogram segment to attenuate spectral interferences. The third step quantifies the FIRM filter results with a discriminant analysis. The signal processing results prove that low-altitude airborne passive FT-IR spectrometry allows rapid quantitative detection of ammonia and ethanol vapor generated plumes. This effort also documents the direct interferogram analysis of data from the fast scanning airborne passive FT-IR spectrometer. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Kroutil, RT (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4305-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4577 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1117/12.455739 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23G UT WOS:000175418500024 ER PT S AU McNesby, KL Miziolek, AW AF McNesby, KL Miziolek, AW BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ TI Microphotonic sensors for the rapid detection of the presence of explosive gas mixtures SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY-BASED SENSOR SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy-Based Sensor Systems CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE ID DIODE-LASER; SPECTROSCOPY AB A first generation, microphotonic sensor for rapid (10 ms response time) measurement of vapors from the hydrocarbon-based fuels JP-8, DF-2, and gasoline has been developed at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. This sensor is based upon a previously reported laser mixing technique that uses two tunable diode lasers emitting in the near-infrared spectral region [1] to measure concentrations of gases having unstructured absorption spectra. The fiber-mixed laser beam consists of two wavelengths, one of which is absorbed by the fuel vapor, and one of which is not absorbed. By sinusoidally modulating the power of the two lasers at the same frequency but 180 degrees out of phase, a sinusoidal signal is generated at the detector (when the target gas is present in the line of sight). The signal amplitude, measured using standard phase sensitive detection techniques, is proportional to fuel vapor concentration. A second generation sensor, designed to measure the full envelope of the first overtone C-H vibrations in middle distillate fuels is currently being developed. Both sensors are described. Limits of detection using the first generation sensor are reported for vapors of the three fuels studied. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP McNesby, KL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4305-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4577 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1117/12.455744 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23G UT WOS:000175418500028 ER PT S AU Knapp, RB Combs, RJ Kroutil, RT AF Knapp, RB Combs, RJ Kroutil, RT BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ TI Ground-based passive FT-IR spectrometry SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY-BASED SENSOR SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy-Based Sensor Systems CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE passive FT-IR spectrometry; ground-based remote sensing; sulfur dioxide effluent; nitrous oxide emission; methanol and ethanol absorbance ID CHEMICAL PLUMES AB Absorbance and transmittance spectra were acquired with ground-based passive FT-IR spectrometry for industrial stack evaluations and open-air controlled vapor generation experiments. The industrial stack effluents of sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide were detected from a coal-burning power plant and an acid plant, respectively, with both MWIR and LWIR passive sensors. The controlled open-air experiments relied on only a LWIR sensor. These experiments produced plumes of methanol and ethanol at three and four elevated plume temperatures, respectively. Various vapor concentration pathlength products of both ethanol and methanol were generated and gravimetrically monitored in the range from 0 to 300 ppm-m. The associated absorbance values for these concentration pathlength products were found to obey Beer's Law for each elevated stack temperature of 125, 150, 175, and 200 degreesC. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Knapp, RB (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4305-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4577 BP 269 EP 286 DI 10.1117/12.455745 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23G UT WOS:000175418500029 ER PT S AU Christesen, S Carrabba, M Bello, J AF Christesen, S Carrabba, M Bello, J BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ TI Nonintrusive Raman analysis of chemical agents SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY-BASED SENSOR SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy-Based Sensor Systems CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE Raman; cross sections; chemical agents; nonintrusive analysis; CAIS ID ABSOLUTE AB Portable fiber-optic Raman systems are being used to analyze chemical agents and other toxic chemicals in sealed glass containers. These containers include ampoules and bottles that are contents of chemical agent identification sets (CAIS) developed for use in training military personnel in chemical agent identification, safe handling, and decontamination. Real-time nonintrusive analysis of these sets is required so that the items containing chemical agents can be identified for proper disposal. This paper details the laboratory measurement of Raman spectra of chemical agents, Raman scattering cross sections of chemical agents, and the analysis of CAIS items in the field. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Christesen, S (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4305-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4577 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1117/12.455746 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23G UT WOS:000175418500030 ER PT S AU Mait, JN van der Gracht, J Euliss, GW AF Mait, JN van der Gracht, J Euliss, GW BE Rahman, ZU Schowengerdt, RA Reichenbach, SE TI Design of a diffractive anti-aliasing filter using information density SO VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Information Processing XI CY APR 04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE anti-aliasing; diffractive elements; information density; optical design ID SYSTEM-DESIGN; FIDELITY; NOISE AB Aliasing is introduced in sampled imaging systems when light level requirements dictate using a numerical aperture that passes spatial frequencies higher than the Nyquist frequency set by the detector. One method to reduce the effects of aliasing is to modify the optical transfer function so that frequencies that might otherwise be aliased are removed. This is equivalent to blurring the image prior to detection. However, blurring the image introduces a loss in spatial detail and, in some instances. a decrease in the image signal-to-noise ratio. The tradeoff between aliasing and blurring can be analyzed by treating aliasing as additive noise and using information density to assess the imaging, quality. In this work we use information density as a metric in the design of an optical phase-only anti-aliasing filter. We used simulated annealing to determine a pupil phase that modifies the system optical transfer function so that the information density is maximized. Preliminary results indicate that maximization of the information density is possible. The increase in information density appears to be proportional to the logarithm of the electronic signal-to-noise ratio and 0 insensitive to the number of phase levels in the pupil phase. We constrained the pupil phase to 2, 4, 8, and 256 phase quantization levels and found little change in the information density of the optical system. Random and zero initial-phase inputs also generated results with little difference in their final information densities. C1 AMSRL SE EM, USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mait, JN (reprint author), AMSRL SE EM, USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4486-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4736 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1117/12.477571 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV20Q UT WOS:000178157800013 ER PT J AU Freedman, DL Cashwell, JM Kim, BJ AF Freedman, DL Cashwell, JM Kim, BJ TI Biotransformation of explosive-grade nitrocellulose under denitrifying and sulfidogenic conditions SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Waste nitrocellulose (NC) is regulated as a hazardous material. The objective of this study was to determine if NC exposed to denitrifying and sulfidogenic conditions would undergo sufficient removal of the nitro groups to yield a material that is no longer explosive. Enrichment cultures were established with methanol as the electron donor for nitrate-reducing conditions and lactate for sulfate-reducing conditions. NC was added to the cultures at 10 g/l. A statistically significant decrease in the nitrogen (N) content of NC occurred in both enrichment cultures, from approximately 13.1-13.2% in virgin NC to 12.2-12.4%. This was accompanied by an increase in nitrogen gas formation. The presence of a primary substrate (methanol and lactate) was necessary to affect this change; NC itself did not serve as an electron donor. In cultures that were carrying out denitrification but were then depleted of nitrate, with methanol still present, a slightly greater removal of nitro groups from NC occurred along with additional formation of nitrogen gas. NC did not have an inhibitory affect on the denitrification process but it did significantly slow the rate of lactate consumption and sulfate reduction. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that NC exposed to denitrifying conditions was enriched in hydroxyl groups, consistent with removal of some of the nitro groups by hydrolysis of the nitrate esters. NC exposed to nitrate- and sulfate-reducing conditions and virgin NC were also compared based on their explosive properties using a small-scale burning test. The biologically treated NC exhibited somewhat less reactivity, but was still rated as explosive. The decrease in%N, increase in N-2, and FTIR results demonstrated that NC does undergo biotransformation in the presence of nitrate- and sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures, but the extent of denitration does not appear to be adequate to yield a nonhazardous product. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, LG Rich Environm Res Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Law Engn & Environm Serv Inc, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. RP Freedman, DL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, LG Rich Environm Res Lab, Box 340919, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 283 EP 292 AR PII S0956-053X(01)00032-0 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(01)00032-0 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 538RZ UT WOS:000174830000004 PM 11952175 ER PT S AU Ren, H Szu, H Buss, J AF Ren, H Szu, H Buss, J BE Szu, HH Buss, JR TI Lagrange constraint neural network for fully constrained subpixel classification in hyperspectral imagery SO WAVELET AND INDEPENDENT COMPONENET ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelet and Independent Component Analysis Applications IX CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID SUBSPACE PROJECTION APPROACH AB Linear unmixing approaches are used to estimate the abundance fractions of the endmembers resident in each pixel. Generally, two constraints will be applied. First, the abundance fractions of each endmembers should be nonnegative, which is called nonnegativity constraint. The second constraint, called sum-to-one constraint, says the sum of all abundance fractions should be one. One great challenge is to include the nonnegativity constraint while solving linear mixture model. In this paper, we propose a Lagrange constraint neural network (LCNN) approach to linearly unmix the spectrum with both sum-to-one and nonnegativity constraints. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ren, H (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4488-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4738 BP 184 EP 190 DI 10.1117/12.458766 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BU74U UT WOS:000176889900020 ER PT J AU Shearer, JF Nelson, LS AF Shearer, JF Nelson, LS TI Integrated use of endothall and a fungal pathogen for management of the submersed aquatic macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic plant management; integrated pest management AB Laboratory experiments were conducted in 55-L aquaria to evaluate the efficacy of the aquatic herbicide endothall and the fungal pathogen Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Gerd.) Ostazeski, applied alone and in combination against hydrilla. Treatments included 0.25, 0.50, and 1.25 mg ae/L endothall, 100, 200, and 400 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml M. terrestris, simultaneous integrated treatments of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.25 endothall + 100 or 200 CFU/ml M. terrestris, sequential integrated treatments of 100 and 200 CFU/ml M. terrestris + 0.25 and 0.50 mg ae/L endothall, and untreated controls. By 42 d after treatment (DAT), all treatments had significantly reduced shoot biomass levels of hydrilla compared with the untreated controls. Combining the two lowest herbicide rates with M. terrestris provided better hydrilla control than either treatment alone. Based on these results, an outdoor mesocosm study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and selectivity of endothall and the pathogen applied alone and in combination against hydrilla, Illinois pondweed, American pondweed, and vallisneria. Treatments included 0.25 and 0.50 mg ae/L endothall, 100 and 200 CFU/ml M. terrestris, integrated treatments of 0.25 and 0.50 mg ae/L endothall + 100 and 200 CFU/ml M. terrestris, and untreated controls. Unlike the laboratory results, none of the treatments controlled hydrilla 100%. The combined treatments worked better than either treatment applied alone. By 42 DAT, all the combined treatments except 0.25 mg ae/L endothall + 100 CFU/ml M. terrestris had reduced above-ground hydrilla biomass by 90% compared with the untreated controls. All nontarget species sustained varying amounts of injury from endothall and M. terrestris applied alone or in combination. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Shearer, JF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 224 EP 230 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2002)016[0224:IUOEAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 574QM UT WOS:000176901100033 ER PT J AU Fehmi, JS Bartolome, JW AF Fehmi, JS Bartolome, JW TI Species richness and California voles in an annual and a perennial grassland SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Microtus californicus; California; native grasses; plant community comparison; grassland management ID LONG-TERM; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; RODENT; COMPETITION; DISTURBANCE; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; QUALITY; DESERT AB Populations of a common burrowing rodent, Microtus californicus (the California vole), thrive in ungrazed or lightly grazed grasslands in coastal California. Two sites ungrazed by livestock, one dominated by native perennial grasses and another dominated by invasive annuals, were evaluated over 2 consecutive years for the relationship between plant species richness and location of M. californicus burrow entrances (burrows). Plant species and burrows were sampled as present or absent in contiguous 1-m(2) quadrats on a 100-m(2) grid. Quadrats with burrows averaged significantly more plant species than quadrats without them (11.3 vs. 9.9 species, P < 0.001). Burrows found in 1996 were not correlated with species richness in 1995, suggesting that voles affect richness rather than seek it out. Vole burrow locations showed significant clumping on the annual site and trended toward clumping on the perennial site in both 1995 and 1996. Because voles seem to create a clumped pattern with their burrow entrances, the associated increase in plant species richness may have a strong effect on the overall structure of the plant community A quantitative comparison of the 2 sites showed that the plant matrix of the perennial site contained flora of the annual site, This similarity in plant species composition may allow for similar treatment of our 2 types of sites and potentially other California grasslands. Undetected increases in vole populations with livestock grazing reduction may account for the erratic results from grasslands management research and the inconsistent success of derived management practices. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 95723 USA. RP Fehmi, JS (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Erdc, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 16 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2002 VL 62 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 525FP UT WOS:000174058500008 ER PT B AU Cavallaro, N AF Cavallaro, N BE Nehring, KW Brauning, SE TI Wetlands creation filtering runoff from an army vehicle test course SO WETLANDS AND REMEDIATION II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Wetlands and Remediation CY SEP 05-06, 2001 CL BURLINGTON, VT SP Battelle Mem Inst, Earth Tech, US Dept Def, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, USN, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc ID NITRATE REMOVAL; RIPARIAN ZONES AB 2 acres of emergent wetlands were created on Aberdeen Test Center (ATC), APG's major tenant and one of eight DTC Test Centers. The site is located inside Perryman Cross Country Test Track Two and is acting in filtering runoff during storm events prior to water being released into a nearby stream. This field-scale project was created in the summer of 1999 as a requirement of a mitigation action for an installation restoration project to replace wetlands on APG. It consisted of removing soil between the test course and Sod Run, thus reducing the land elevation, creating two separate ponds, and revegetating the area with native seeds, plants, and trees. The contaminant being addressed is loose soil coming off of the unpaved test course that may otherwise enter directly into the watershed if the wetlands were not in place, as tracked and untracked military vehicles are undergoing performance testing. The soil is of concern because of its effect as a non-point source pollutant in the watershed and the shear amount of it that could cause elevated turbidity levels in the nearby stream. ATC utilizes and has jurisdiction of approximately 33,000 acres (12,000 acres covered by water, 4,000 acres of swamp or marsh areas, and 17,000 acres of vegetated uplands). ATC uses most of APG's land area for ordnance and military vehicle testing at a multitude of specialty test facilities and the wetlands project site is adjacent to one of these ATC facilities. An overview of the wetlands project site before its implementation and two years after its creation is to be discussed. Benefits derived from utilizing the simple technology of creating wetland ponds from hollowing out land, planting vegetation, and the placement of a water control structure will also be shared. C1 USA, Dev Test Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cavallaro, N (reprint author), USA, Dev Test Command, 314 Longs Corner Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-122-1 PY 2002 BP 251 EP 254 PG 4 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA BU29H UT WOS:000175585500030 ER PT J AU Hardy, JP Pomeroy, JW Moore, RD Woo, MK AF Hardy, JP Pomeroy, JW Moore, RD Woo, MK TI Special issue: Eastern Snow Conference/CGU - Hydrology Section - Preface SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CRREL, Erdc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hardy, JP (reprint author), CRREL, Erdc, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Pomeroy, John/A-8589-2013 OI Pomeroy, John/0000-0002-4782-7457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 18 SI SI BP 3327 EP 3327 DI 10.1002/hyp.1027 PG 1 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 512UC UT WOS:000173341100001 ER PT J AU Melloh, RA Hardy, JP Davis, RE Robinson, PB AF Melloh, RA Hardy, JP Davis, RE Robinson, PB TI Spectral albedo/reflectance of littered forest snow during the melt season SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Eastern Snow Conference/Canadian-Geophysical-Union-Hydrology-Section CY MAY 17-19, 2001 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Canadian Geophys Union, Hydrol Section DE spectral albedo; spectral reflectance; littered snow; forest snowpack; Sleepers River Research Watershed ID ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; BOREAL FOREST; ALBEDO; MODEL; RADIATION; ABLATION; ICE; NM AB Despite the importance of litter on forest floor albedo and brightness, previous studies have not documented forest floor albedo or litter cover in any detail. Our objective was to describe the seasonal influence of litter on spectral albedos and nadir reflectances of a forest snowpack in a mixed-hardwood stand in the Sleepers River Research Watershed (SRRW) in Danville, Vermont (37degrees39' N, 119degrees2' W). Experimental measurements in a nearby open area at the Snow Research Station of the SRRW nearly duplicated the spectral trend observed in the forest. Spectral albedo and nadir reflectance measurements in the visible and near infrared (350-2500 nm) transitioned from a gently curved shape through the visible range (for finer-grained, lightly littered snow) to one having a peak in the red/near-infrared (near 760 nm) as the snowmelt season progressed (for coarser-grained, more heavily littered snow). The snowpack became optically thin as surface litter reached high percentages. A point-in-time digital photographic survey of the late-lying snowpacks of three forest stands and the open showed that median litter cover percentages in the coniferous, deciduous, mixed-forest, and an open area were 17.5, 6.1, 1.2, and 0.04 respectively. A Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA on ranks and pairwise comparisons using Dunn's test indicated that the litter covers of the three forest stands were significantly different with >95% confidence. The snowpack was relatively shallow (<1 m), as is typical for this area of Vermont. From a remote-sensing standpoint, and since shallow snow and increased grain size also lower the, visible albedo, we can expect that snowpack litter will cause decreased albedo earlier in the snowmelt season, at deeper snow depths, and will tend to shift the maximum albedo peak to the red/NIR range as the melt season progresses. Published in 2001 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Geog Data Technol Inc, Lebanon, NH USA. RP Melloh, RA (reprint author), Erdc, Environm Res Branch, CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 18 SI SI BP 3409 EP 3422 DI 10.1002/hyp.1043 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 512UC UT WOS:000173341100007 ER PT J AU Miller, FG Shorr, AF AF Miller, FG Shorr, AF TI Salmeterol and inhaled corticosteroids in patients with persistent asthma SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 NIH, Dept Clin Bioeth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Miller, FG (reprint author), NIH, Dept Clin Bioeth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 26 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 24 BP 3075 EP 3076 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 505QM UT WOS:000172927100014 PM 11754663 ER PT J AU Ding, XZ Fernandez-Prada, CM Bhattacharjee, AK Hoover, DL AF Ding, XZ Fernandez-Prada, CM Bhattacharjee, AK Hoover, DL TI Over-expression of HSP-70 inhibits bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced production of cytokines in human monocyte-derived macrophages SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE HSP-70; gene transfection; antisense DNA; LPS; cytokine ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE; EPIDERMOID A-431 CELLS; MURINE PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; ENDOTOXIN HYPERSENSITIVITY; INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY; FACTOR-ALPHA; HUMAN HSP27; PROTEIN; STRESS AB Cytokines released from monocytes and macrophages are major mediators of inflammation. Heat shock significantly inhibits cytokine production from these cells. To investigate whether this inhibitory effect was mediated by heat-shock proteins (HSP), we transfected human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) with HSP-70 cDNA and examined Brucella melitensis lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production in transfected cells. Over-expression of HSP-70 protein in the gene-transfected MDM had no effect on cytokine synthesis unless LPS was added. LPS-induced increases in production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-10 and IL-12 were significantly inhibited by the over-expression of HSP-70. However, over-expression of HSP-70 did not block LPS-induced increase in IL-6 synthesis. To further confirm these results, an antisense HSP-70 DNA oligomer was used to block HSP-70 synthesis. The inhibitory effect of HSP-70 on LPS-induced cytokine production in gene-transfected cells was completely reversed after treatment of cells with 5 muM antisense HSP-70. The same concentration of antisense HSP-70 also partially reversed heat-shock-induced inhibition of LPS-stimulated cytokine production. These results suggest that HSP-70 is involved in the regulation of LPS-induced cytokine production and that this family of proteins plays a role in mitigating adverse effects of endotoxin during infection or other pathological stresses. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hoover, DL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 57 TC 68 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 16 IS 6 BP 210 EP 219 DI 10.1006/cyto.2001.0959 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 532XX UT WOS:000174501300002 PM 11884024 ER PT J AU Gupta, N Denes, LJ Gottlieb, M Suhre, DR Kaminsky, B Metes, P AF Gupta, N Denes, LJ Gottlieb, M Suhre, DR Kaminsky, B Metes, P TI Object detection with a field-portable spectropolarimetric imager SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID AOTF; POLARIZATION; RECOGNITION AB A relatively compact, lightweight, and programmable spectropolarimetric imager was used to collect spectral and polarization data from various objects and backgrounds, both in the laboratory and in field tests. This imager uses a tellurium dioxide (TeO2) acousto-optic tunable filter and a liquid-crystal retardation plate with a CCD camera. The spectral images were collected 450-1000 nm at 10- or 20-nm intervals at two or four polarization settings for each spectral interval, We analyzed a portion of these data to assess the effectiveness of this system for object detection. We present our measurements and discuss the analysis results. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ngupta@army.mil RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 12 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 36 BP 6626 EP 6632 DI 10.1364/AO.40.006626 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 505MR UT WOS:000172917000008 PM 18364971 ER PT J AU Bao, WL Williams, AJ Faden, AI Tortella, FC AF Bao, WL Williams, AJ Faden, AI Tortella, FC TI Selective mGluR5 receptor antagonist or agonist provides neuroprotection in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cerebral ischemia; neuroprotection; mGluR5 receptor; non-competitive antagonist ID METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; D-ASPARTATE ANTAGONIST; CEREBELLAR NEURONS; IN-VITRO; ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS; AFFINITY; DEATH; NMDA; NEUROTOXICITY AB Activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute central nervous system injury. However, the relative roles of the two group I subtypes, mGluR1 or mGluR5, in such injury has not been well examined. We compared the effects of treatment with the newly developed, selective mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-phenylethynylpyridine (MPEP) and the selective mGluR5 agonist (R,S)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG) in a rat intraluminal filament model of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Rats were administered MPEP or CHPG i.c.v, beginning 15 or 135 min after induction of ischemia for 2 h. Infarct size was measured after either 22 or 70 h of reperfusion, and neurological function was quantified at 2, 24, 49 and 72 h. Treatment with MPEP or CHPG at 15 min reduced 24 h infarct volume by 61 and 44%, respectively. The neuroprotective effects were dose dependent. Delaying MPEP treatment until 135 min eliminated the neuroprotective effects. In other studies, using early MPEP treatment (15 min) at optimal doses, infarct volume was reduced by 44% at 72 It and this was correlated with significant neurological recovery. These data suggest that both MPEP and CHPG are neuroprotective when administered after focal cerebral ischemia. In separate, recent studies we found that although MPEP does act as an mGluR5 antagonist and blocks agonist induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis, it also serves as a non-competitive NMDA antagonist; in contrast, other results indicate that CHPG mediated neuroprotection may reflect anti-apoptotic activity. Therefore. both types of compounds may prove to have therapeutic potential for the treatment of stroke. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Faden, AI (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW,Res Bldg,Rm EP12, Washington, DC 20007 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS 37313] NR 24 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 922 IS 2 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(01)03062-1 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 514TK UT WOS:000173457000002 PM 11743947 ER PT J AU Jani, AB Vaida, F Hanks, G Asbell, S Sartor, O Moul, JW Roach, M Brachman, D Kalokhe, U Muller-Runkel, R Ray, P Ignacio, L Awan, A Weichselbaum, RR Vijayakumar, S AF Jani, AB Vaida, F Hanks, G Asbell, S Sartor, O Moul, JW Roach, M Brachman, D Kalokhe, U Muller-Runkel, R Ray, P Ignacio, L Awan, A Weichselbaum, RR Vijayakumar, S TI Changing face and different countenances of prostate cancer: Racial and geographic differences in prostate-specific antigen (PSA), stage, and grade trends in the PSA era SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; prostate-specific antigen; stage; grade; race; time trends ID LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; ROGERS,WILL PHENOMENON; RADIATION-THERAPY; MEN; CARCINOMA; RACE; DIAGNOSIS; MORTALITY AB The purpose of this investigation was to examine changes in pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA), stage, and grade over the past decade as a function of race and geographic region. A multiinstitutional database representing 6,790 patients (1,417 African-American, 5,373 white) diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer between 1988 and 1997 was constructed. PSA, stage, and grade data were tabulated by calendar year and region, and time trend analyses based on race and region were performed. There was an overall decline of PSA of 0.8%/year, which was significant (P = 0.0001), with a faster rate of decline in African-Americans (1.9%/year) than for whites (0.6%/year). The odds ratio (OR) for a stage shift was 1.09, which was significant (P < 0.0001), and this shift was greater in whites. The OR for an overall grade shift was 1.15, which was significant (P < 0.0001). Although grade and PSA trends were similar for the different regions, there were significant regional differences in stage trends. The implications are that the face of prostate cancer has changed over the past decade; i.e., the distributions of stage, grade, and PSA (the most important prognosticators) have changed. In addition, the countenances of that face are different for whites and African-Americans. For African-Americans, this is good news: the stage, grade, and PSA distributions are more favorable now than before. For whites, the trends are more complex and more dependent on region. These findings should be used for future clinical and health-policy decisions in the screening and treatment of prostate cancer. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Radiat & Cellular Oncol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Albert Einstein Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Med Oncol, New Orleans, LA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Arizona Oncol Serv, Phoenix, AZ USA. St Margarets Hosp, Ctr Oncol, Hammond, IN USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Dept Urol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chicago, IL USA. RP Vijayakumar, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Radiat Oncol, 1801 W Taylor St,C400, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 34 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 96 IS 6 BP 363 EP 371 DI 10.1002/ijc.1035 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 499QR UT WOS:000172582300006 PM 11745507 ER PT J AU Dufresne, EM Arms, DA Clarke, R Pereira, NR Dierker, SB Foster, D AF Dufresne, EM Arms, DA Clarke, R Pereira, NR Dierker, SB Foster, D TI Lithium metal for x-ray refractive optics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LENSES; TRANSMISSION; SCATTERING; BERYLLIUM; SILICON; Z=1-92; FOCUS AB Lithium metal is the best material for refractive lenses that must focus x-rays with energies below 15 keV, but to date no lens from Li has been reported. This letter demonstrates focusing of 10 keV x-rays with a one-dimensional sawtooth lens made from Li. The lens' theoretical gain is 4.5, with manufacturing imperfections likely responsible for the threefold gain that is observed. Despite the Li reactivity the lens is stable over months of operation if kept under vacuum. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, MHATT CAT, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Dufresne, EM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 25 BP 4085 EP 4087 DI 10.1063/1.1425068 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 501JV UT WOS:000172682300005 ER PT J AU Ozgur, U Webb-Wood, G Everitt, HO Yun, F Morkoc, H AF Ozgur, U Webb-Wood, G Everitt, HO Yun, F Morkoc, H TI Systematic measurement of AlxGa1-xN refractive indices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; INDEXES; FILM AB Dispersion of the ordinary and extraordinary indices of refraction have been measured systematically for wurtzitic AlxGa1-xN epitaxial layers with 0.0 less than or equal tox less than or equal to1.0 throughout the visible wavelength region. The dispersion, measured by a prism coupling waveguide technique, is found to be well described by a Sellmeier relation. Discrepancies among previous measurements of refractive index dispersion, as a consequence of different growth conditions and corresponding band gap bowing parameter, are reconciled when the Sellmeier relation is parameterized not by x but by band gap energy. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ozgur, U (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Everitt, Henry/L-7118-2013 OI Everitt, Henry/0000-0002-8141-3768 NR 18 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 25 BP 4103 EP 4105 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 501JV UT WOS:000172682300011 ER PT J AU Shanks, GD Oloo, AJ Aleman, GM Ohrt, C Klotz, FW Braitman, D Horton, J Brueckner, R AF Shanks, GD Oloo, AJ Aleman, GM Ohrt, C Klotz, FW Braitman, D Horton, J Brueckner, R TI A new primaquine analogue, tafenoquine (WR 238605), for prophylaxis against Plasmodium falciparum malaria SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIVAX MALARIA; ANTIMALARIAL; WR-238605; 8-AMINOQUINOLINE; DOXYCYCLINE; SAFETY; TRIAL AB We tested tafenoquine (WR 238605), a new long-acting 8-aminoquinoline, for its ability to prevent malaria in an area that is holoendemic for Plasmodium falciparum. In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial in western Kenya, adult volunteers received a treatment course of 250 mg halofantrine per day for 3 days, to effect clearance of preexisting parasites. The volunteers were then assigned to 1 of 4 drug regimens: placebo throughout; 3 days of 400 mg (base) of tafenoquine per day, followed by placebo weekly; 3 days of 200 mg of tafenoquine per day, followed by 200 mg per week; and 3 days of 400 mg of tafenoquine per day, followed by 400 mg per week. Prophylaxis was continued for up to 13 weeks. Of the evaluable subjects (223 of 249 randomized subjects), volunteers who received 400 mg tafenoquine for only 3 days had a protective efficacy of 68% (95% confidence interval [CI], 53%-79%), as compared with placebo recipients; those who received 200 mg per day for 3 days followed by 200 mg per week had a protective efficacy of 86% (95% CI, 73%-93%); and those who received 400 mg for 3 days followed by 400 mg per week had a protective efficacy of 89% (95% CI, 77%-95%). A similar number of volunteers in the 4 treatment groups reported adverse events. Prophylactic regimens of 200 mg or 400 mg of tafenoquine, taken weekly for less than or equal to 13 weeks, are highly efficacious in preventing falciparum malaria and are well tolerated. C1 USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisian, Kenya. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Med Mat Dev Act, Ft Detrick, MD USA. SmithKline Beecham, Brentford, England. RP Shanks, GD (reprint author), USAMC, AFRIMS, APO, AP 96546 USA. RI Shanks, George Dennis/F-4056-2014 OI Shanks, George Dennis/0000-0001-5763-8660 NR 14 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1968 EP 1974 DI 10.1086/324081 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 494QN UT WOS:000172297500002 PM 11700577 ER PT J AU Herrenkohl, MJ Lunz, JD Sheets, RG Wakeman, JS AF Herrenkohl, MJ Lunz, JD Sheets, RG Wakeman, JS TI Environmental impacts of PAH and oil release as a NAPL or as contaminated pore water from the construction of a 90-cm in situ isolation cap SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The placement of a sediment cap was the remedial alternative selected in the Record of Decision for the containment of PAH-contaminated sediments near the Wyckoff/Eagle Harbor Superfund site shoreline, a former log rafting area at this closed wood treatment site. Soft sediments with substantial quantities of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) occurred in this area, which raised a concern that there would be environmental releases or potential cap failure in this area of the site. As part of the investigations to guide cap design, a laboratory bench study was devised to evaluate consolidation-driven NAPL and dissolved phase PAH permeation of the cap. Sediment cores collected from the site were extruded side-by-side into 20 cm diameter, 120 cm high acrylic columns to maintain sediment stratification. Synthetic seawater was added until approximately 60 cm of water covered the site sediment. The simulated cap material was added to each column in such a manner as to fall through the overlying water at a uniform rate to simulate settling velocities expected during a barge wash-off placement event. Vertical loads were applied incrementally to the cap/sediment columns until the total consolidation stress was equivalent to a 90-cm cap. Each column was extruded, inspected visually for the migration of NAPL, and sectioned into three layers with each analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs. In all three test cylinders, there was no indication of impact to the top 10 cm of the cap (the biologically active zone). The results suggest that the chemicals detected at high concentrations in the native sediments would stay in place and not migrate through a overlying cap via consolidation-induced advection. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. Soil Technol Inc, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Herrenkohl, MJ (reprint author), Foster Wheeler Environm, 321 Summerland Rd, Bellingham, WA 98226 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 24 BP 4927 EP 4932 DI 10.1021/es010758y PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 502UF UT WOS:000172760600033 PM 11775173 ER PT J AU Bay, RC Price, PB Clow, GD Gow, AJ AF Bay, RC Price, PB Clow, GD Gow, AJ TI Climate logging with a new rapid optical technique at Siple Dome SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROJECT-2 ICE CORE; GREENLAND ICE; VOLCANIC ASH; SOUTH-POLE; DEEP ICE; SHEET; INSTABILITY; VARIABILITY; PROMINENT; HOLOCENE AB The dust logger design is based on a decade of experience in the use of light sources to measure optical properties of deep Antarctic ice, Light is emitted at the top of the instrument by side-directed LEDs, scattered or absorbed by dust in the ice surrounding the borehole, and collected in a downhole-pointing photomultiplier tube (PMT) a meter below. With this method the ice is sampled at ambient pressure in a much larger volume than is the case in a core study, and the entire length can be logged in one day. In ice in which scattering is dominated by bubbles, the absorption from dust impurities is perceived as a drop in signal, whereas in bubble-free ice the scattering from dust increases the light collected. We report on results obtained in Siple Dome Hole A in December 2000. The instrument measured increases in dust concentration extending over many meters during glacial maxima, as well as narrow spikes due to similar to1 cm thick ash and dust bands of volcanic origin. Monte Carlo simulation is employed to clarify data analysis and predict the capabilities of future designs. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Bay, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 24 BP 4635 EP 4638 DI 10.1029/2001GL013763 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 507KA UT WOS:000173025400032 ER PT J AU Hooper, R Toose, M Macosko, CW Derby, JJ AF Hooper, R Toose, M Macosko, CW Derby, JJ TI A comparison of boundary element and finite element methods for modeling axisymmetric polymeric drop deformation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE axisymmetric polymeric drop deformation boundary element method; finite element method; modeling ID UNIAXIAL ELONGATIONAL FLOW; VISCOELASTIC FLUIDS; INTEGRAL METHOD; SHEAR-FLOW; BLENDS; BREAKUP; SIMULATION; MORPHOLOGY; PARTICLE; EMULSION AB A modified boundary element method (BEM) and the DEVSS-G finite element method (FEM) are applied to model the deformation of a polymeric drop suspended in another fluid subjected to start-up uniaxial extensional flow. The effects of viscoelasticity, via the Oldroyd-B differential model, are considered for the drop phase using both FEM and BEM and for both the drop and matrix phases using FEM. Where possible, results are compared with the linear deformation theory. Consistent predictions are obtained among the BEM. FEM, and linear theory for purely Newtonian systems arid between FEM and linear theory for fully viscoelastic systems. FEM and BEM predictions for viscoelastic drops in a Newtonian matrix agree very well at short times but differ at longer times, with worst agreement occurring as critical flow strength is approached. This suggests that the dominant computational advantages held by the BEM over the FEM for this and similar problems may diminish or even disappear when the issue of accuracy is appropriately considered. Fully viscoelastic problems, which are only feasible using the FEM formulation, shed new insight on the role of viscoelasticity of the matrix fluid in drop deformation. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Twente, Dept Appl Phys, Rheol Grp, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Derby, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, 121 Amundson Hall,421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Derby, Jeffrey/B-9706-2009; OI Derby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6418-2155 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 37 IS 7 BP 837 EP 864 DI 10.1002/fld.190 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 499QA UT WOS:000172580800003 ER PT J AU Krall, AH Bahder, TB AF Krall, AH Bahder, TB TI Orientation and velocity effects in the global positioning system SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We present a simple model of the signals transmitted by global positioning system (GPS) satellites and of the reception of these signals by a GPS receiver, neglecting atmospheric effects. The model idealizes the receiver and transmitter as electric dipole antennas. We derive the open-circuit voltage induced in the antenna of the receiver as a function of time, position, velocity, and orientation of the respective antenna. As an application of this model, we show that by using a single dipole antenna, a user of the GPS can compute his position, time, and two angles of attitude, by tracking the phases of the open-circuit antenna voltages for six GPS satellites. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Krall, AH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 12 BP 6513 EP 6525 DI 10.1063/1.1417993 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 498BK UT WOS:000172489800109 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS Ding, MS Jow, TR AF Zhang, SS Ding, MS Jow, TR TI Self-discharge of Li/LixMn2O4 batteries in relation to corrosion of aluminum cathode substrates SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE self-discharge; corrosion; aluminum; spinel LiMn2O4; lithium battery ID LITHIUM AB We studied the self-discharge of Li/LixMn2O4 battery cells in relation to the corrosion of aluminum cathode substrates. We determined the self-discharge of the cells from the decline of their open-circuit voltage, observed aluminum corrosion with use of voltammetry on electrochemical corrosion cells. with an aluminum working electrode, and detected the existence and change of passivation films. on the aluminum substrates with ac impedance measurement. The results showed that for the two salts LiPF6 and LiClO4 that formed the electrolytes with a binary solvent of ethylene carbonate-dimethoxyediane, the presence of LiPF6 reduced the self-discharge of the battery cells, retarded the corrosion of aluminum, and assisted the formation of a passivation film on aluminum. On the other hand, pre-treating aluminum to 480 degreesC seemed to have similar but weaker effects. We therefore concluded that corrosion of aluminum played a significant role in the self-discharge of Li/LixMn2O4 batteries with an aluminum cathode substrate, but the corrosion could be greatly reduced by the formation of protection films on the aluminum. Such films. could be formed by either having LiPF6 salt in the electrolyte in contact with the aluminum or by pre-treating the aluminum to a high temperature. However, films formed in the former fashion seemed much more stable when the aluminum was carrying an LixMn2O4 material. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Army Res Lab, AMSRL SE DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), Army Res Lab, AMSRL SE DC, 2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 14 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00781-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 499XX UT WOS:000172597000002 ER PT J AU Pipa, VI Vagidov, NZ Mitin, VV Stroscio, M AF Pipa, VI Vagidov, NZ Mitin, VV Stroscio, M TI Electron-acoustic phonon interaction in semiconductor nanostructures: Role of deformation variation of electron effective mass SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HOT-ELECTRONS; QUANTIZATION CONDITIONS; ENERGY RELAXATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ALXGA1-XAS/GAAS HETEROSTRUCTURES; GAAS HETEROLAYER; MOBILITY; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT; GAS AB We demonstrate that the phonon-induced variation of electron effective mass gives a substantial contribution to the electron-acoustic-phonon interaction in semiconductor nanostructures. Calculations are carried out for electrons in a quantum well (QW) and a quantum wire (QWR) of III-V heterostructure materials. This mechanism gives rise to an interference effect in electron scattering with longitudinal acoustic phonons via the deformation potential and allows the electrons to interact with transverse acoustic phonons. Due to these peculiarities, the additional channel of, scattering can either increase or decrease the total scattering rate. For a given semiconductor, the modified scattering constant has been shown to depend on the dimensionality of the electron gas, the size and the shape of the nanostructure, and on the temperature. The scattering constants for intrasubband transitions in QW's and QWR's are different for the electron energy and momentum relaxation. For narrow QW's or flattened QWR's, modification of the commonly used bulk deformation potential interaction at low temperatures originates mainly due to interaction with transverse acoustic phonons. For GaAs QW of 50 Angstrom width, the ratio of the total relaxation rate of the electron energy to that from the bulk deformation potential coupling is about 0.65 for the temperature 4 K and 1.7 for 20 K. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM mitin@ece6.eng.wayne.edu NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 23 AR 235322 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.235322 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 504QT UT WOS:000172867900106 ER PT J AU Williams, HL Chabalowski, CF AF Williams, HL Chabalowski, CF TI Reply to comment on "Using Kohn-Sham orbitals in symmetry-adapted perturbation theory to investigate intermolecular interactions" SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD,Ignit & Combust Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chabalowski, CF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD,Ignit & Combust Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 13 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 49 BP 11158 EP 11158 DI 10.1021/jp012002r PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 502CW UT WOS:000172727000028 ER PT J AU Mello, SV Coutures, C Leblanc, RM Cheng, TC Rastogi, VK DeFrank, JJ AF Mello, SV Coutures, C Leblanc, RM Cheng, TC Rastogi, VK DeFrank, JJ TI Interaction between organophosphorous hydrolase and paraoxon studied by surface chemistry in situ at air-water interface SO TALANTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd France-Israel Workshop on Biosensors and Biochips CY DEC 11-16, 2000 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE DE organophosphorous hydrolase; paraoxon; Langmuir fims ID NERVE AGENTS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; BIOSENSOR AB Subphase conditions have been optimized to obtain stable organophosphorous hydrolase (OPH-EC 3.1.8.1) as Langmuir films. The Langmuir film was characterized by surface pressure and surface potential-area isotherms and UV-Vis spectroscopy in situ. The interaction of an organophosphorous compound, namely Paraoxon, with the OPH film was investigated for various surface pressures. The stability of the monolayer and the evidence of the enzyme activity at air-water interface support the use of enzyme LB films as biosensor. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Ctr Supramol Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Cheng, TC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Ctr Supramol Sci, Room 315,Cox Sci Bldg,POB 249118,1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD DEC 13 PY 2001 VL 55 IS 5 BP 881 EP 887 DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(01)00499-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 502HL UT WOS:000172737900002 PM 18968438 ER PT J AU Cui, LW Rajasekariah, GR Martin, SK AF Cui, LW Rajasekariah, GR Martin, SK TI A nonspecific nucleoside hydrolase from Leishmania donovani: implications for purine salvage by the parasite SO GENE LA English DT Article DE nucleoside hydrolase; purine salvaged; molecular conservation; substrate preference; intracellular localization ID TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI-BRUCEI; CRITHIDIA-FASCICULATA; N-RIBOHYDROLASE; KINETIC MECHANISM; EXPRESSION; METABOLISM; PROMASTIGOTES; PURIFICATION; AMASTIGOTES; SPECIFICITY AB In contrast to their mammalian hosts, protozoan parasites do not synthesize purines de novo, but depend on preformed nucleotides that they purportedly obtain by salvage pathways. Nucleoside hydrolases may play a crucial role in that salvage process. By screening Leishmania donovani libraries with polyclonal antibodies against promastigote soluble exo-antigens, we have identified a cDNA encoding a protein with significant homology to nonspecific and uridine-inosine-preferring nucleoside hydrolases. Sequence comparison demonstrated that all the residues involved in Ca2+-binding and substrate recognition in the active site are conserved among the characterized protozoan nucleoside hydrolases. Genomic analysis suggests that it is a single copy gene in L. donovani, and its homologues are present in members representing other Leishmania species complexes. Both Northern blot and immunoblot analyses indicate that it is constitutively expressed in L. donovani promastigotes. The recombinant enzyme overexpressed in and purified from bacteria showed significant activity with all naturally occurring purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, and efficient utilization of p-nitrophenvi-beta-D-ribofuranoside as a substrate. Altogether, the sequence comparison and substrate specificity data identify this L. donovani nucleoside hydrolase as a nonspecific nucleoside hydrolase. Further, the nucleoside hydrolase was localized to specific foci in L. donovani promastigotes by immuno fluorescent assays. Although the conservation of the nucleoside hydrolases among protozoan parasites offers promise for the design of broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drugs. the existence of multiple and distinct nucleoside hydrolases in a single species demands special consideration. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Cellabs Pty Ltd, Brookvale, NSW 2100, Australia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Commuicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Cui, LW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, 501 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD DEC 12 PY 2001 VL 280 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00768-5 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 509QD UT WOS:000173160400017 PM 11738828 ER PT J AU Pittman, PR Gibbs, PH Cannon, TL Friedlander, AM AF Pittman, PR Gibbs, PH Cannon, TL Friedlander, AM TI Anthrax vaccine: short-term safety experience in humans SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccine, adsorbed; local and systemic adverse events; short-term safety ID BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS; MANAGEMENT; FUTURE AB Bacillus anthracis is the major terrorist and biological warfare agent of concern to civilian and military medical planners. The licensed anthrax vaccine, adsorbed (AVA) is believed to be an effective prophylactic medical countermeasure against this threat. Our objective in this report was to expand the safety database for this vaccine by assessing data on self-reported, short-term safety of AVA during more than 25 years of use, measured by local and systemic adverse events temporally associated with the administration of ANA. A minority of AVA recipients reported systemic and injection site reactions. Females reported a higher incidence of injection site and systemic adverse events, than males. Data show a difference in incidence of local reactions between lots. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study to actively examine reactogenicity is needed to more completely define the extent and nature of reactions associated with receipt of AVA in humans as well as to confirm the gender lot differences in local reaction rates. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Informat Syst & Serv Agcy, Res Plans & Programs Off, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Informat Syst & Serv Agcy, Core Technol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Off Commander, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Pittman, PR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 18 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 12 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 5-6 BP 972 EP 978 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00387-5 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 504TJ UT WOS:000172871700040 PM 11738765 ER PT J AU Euliss, GW van der Gracht, J AF Euliss, GW van der Gracht, J TI Information-theoretic analyses of a birefringent blur filter SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SAMPLED IMAGING-SYSTEMS; VISUAL COMMUNICATION; DESIGN; IMAGERY; EFFICIENCY; RESOLUTION; CAPACITY; FIDELITY; NOISE AB We present the results of an information-theoretic analysis of an undersampled imaging system that contains a birefringent blur filter. We vary the spacing between replicas of the nonblurred point-spread function produced by the birefringent blur filter to find the value that yields the maximum information density. Comparison is made between this value and that yielded by a conventional qualitative design. We then analyze the effects of defocus aberration on the design of the birefringent blur filter. A wide search of blur-defocus space yields local peaks in the information density surface, The information density at these peaks is shown to exceed the maximum information density associated with the optimized birefringent blur filter or defocus alone, particularly when the fill factor of the photodetector array is low. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Euliss, GW (reprint author), Appl Photon Inc, 4031 Univ Dr,Suite 200, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM geuliss@ap-photon.com NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 35 BP 6492 EP 6504 DI 10.1364/AO.40.006492 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 500ZG UT WOS:000172658100008 PM 18364957 ER PT J AU Hepburn, MJ Dooley, DP Morris, MJ AF Hepburn, MJ Dooley, DP Morris, MJ TI The effects of estrogen replacement therapy on airway function in postmenopausal, asthmatic women SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the South-Texas-American-College-of-Physicians CY MAY 07, 1999 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP S Texas Amer Coll Physicians ID MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; RESPONSIVENESS; EMERGENCY AB Background: Data from multiple clinical, epidemiologic, and in vitro studies are conflicting regarding the effect of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on airway function in postmenopausal women with asthma. Objective: To determine the impact of withdrawal of estrogen administration in postmenopausal, asthmatic women. Methods: Twenty asthmatic women who were postmenopausal for at least 2 years and undergoing ERT were recruited for this prospective crossover study. Subjects continued taking baseline estrogen for 28 days, stopped taking estrogen for 28 days, and then resumed taking the medication for 14 days. Objective measurements were obtained by recording daily peak flows in the morning and evening and formal spirometry at days 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70. Compliance was measured by evaluating serum estradiol levels at days 28 and 56. Daily use of short-acting beta -agonist bronchodilators was also recorded. Results: Differences in estradiol levels indicated compliance with the medication regimen. The combined day 14 and 28 (taking estrogen) mean percent predicted forced expiratory volume in I second (FEV1) was 77% compared with the combined day 42 and 56 (not taking estrogen) mean FEV1 of 78% and the day 70 (taking estrogen again) FEV1 of 76% (P > .05). Average peak flow measurements were 295.5 L/min for the duration of ERT, 293.9 L/min while not undergoing ERT, and 291.8 L/min when ERT was restarted for the final 2 weeks of the study (P > .05). Use of short-acting beta -agonist bronchodilators did not differ between study periods. Conclusion: These data indicate that neither the discontinuation nor reinitiation of ERT in postmenopausal, asthmatic women has any effect on objective measures of airway obstruction. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Hepburn, MJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, MCHEMDI4W,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 161 IS 22 BP 2717 EP 2720 DI 10.1001/archinte.161.22.2717 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 497HH UT WOS:000172449000010 PM 11732937 ER PT J AU Thurber, KR Hunt, AW Imai, T Chou, FC AF Thurber, KR Hunt, AW Imai, T Chou, FC TI O-17 NMR study of q=0 spin excitations in a nearly ideal S=1/2 1D Heisenberg antiferromagnet, Sr2CuO3, up to 800 K SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHAIN; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; RELAXATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MODEL AB We used O-17 NMR to probe the uniform (wave vector q = 0) electron spin excitations up to 800 K in Sr2CuO3 and separate the q = 0 from the q = +/- pi /a staggered components. Our results support the logarithmic decrease of the uniform spin susceptibility below T similar to 0.015J, where J = 2200 K. From measurement of the dynamical spin susceptibility for q = 0 by the spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T-1, we demonstrate that the q = 0 mode of spin transport is ballistic at the T = 0 limit, but has a diffusion-like contribution at finite temperatures even for T << J. C1 MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Thurber, KR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 22 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 24 AR 247202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.247202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 500TD UT WOS:000172642100053 PM 11736538 ER PT J AU Bojang, KA Milligan, PJM Pinder, M Vigneron, L Alloueche, A Kester, KE Ballou, WR Conway, DJ Reece, WHH Gothard, P Yamuah, L Delchambre, M Voss, G Greenwood, BM Hill, A McAdam, KPWJ Tornieporth, N Cohen, JD Doherty, T AF Bojang, KA Milligan, PJM Pinder, M Vigneron, L Alloueche, A Kester, KE Ballou, WR Conway, DJ Reece, WHH Gothard, P Yamuah, L Delchambre, M Voss, G Greenwood, BM Hill, A McAdam, KPWJ Tornieporth, N Cohen, JD Doherty, T CA RTS,S Malaria Vaccine Trial Team TI Efficacy of RTS,S/ASO2 malaria vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum infection in semi-immune adult men in The Gambia: a randomised trial SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE-PROTEIN; SPF66 VACCINE; WEST-AFRICA; SAFETY; IMMUNOGENICITY; SPOROZOITES; HETEROGENEITY; IMMUNIZATION; RTS,S/SBAS2; PROTECTION AB Background RTS,S/AS02 is a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine based on the circumsporozoite surface protein of Plasmodium falciparum fused to HBsAg, incorporating a new adjuvant (AS02). We did a randomised trial of the efficacy of RTS,S/AS02 against natural P falciparum infection in semi-immune adult men in The Gambia. Methods 306 men aged 18-45 years were randomly assigned three doses of either RTS,S/AS02 or rabies vaccine (control). Volunteers were given sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine 2 weeks before dose 3, and kept under surveillance throughout the malaria transmission season. Blood smears were collected once a week and whenever a volunteer developed symptoms compatible with malaria. The primary endpoint was time to first infection with P falciparum. Analysis was per protocol. Findings 250 men (131 in the RTS,S/AS02 group and 119 in the control group) received three doses of vaccine and were followed up for 15 weeks. RTS,S/AS02 was safe and well tolerated. P falciparum infections occurred significantly earlier in the control group than the RTS,S/AS02 group (Wilcoxon's test p=0.018). Vaccine efficacy, adjusted for confounders, was 34% (95% CI 8.0-53, p=0.014). Protection seemed to wane: estimated efficacy during the first 9 weeks of follow-up was 71% (46-85), but decreased to 0% (-52 to 34) in the last 6 weeks. Vaccination induced strong antibody responses to circumsporozoite protein and strong T-cell responses. Protection was not limited to the NF54 parasite genotype from which the vaccine was derived. 158 men received a fourth dose the next year and were followed up for 9 weeks; during this time, vaccine efficacy was 47% (4-71, p=0.037). Interpretation RTS,S/AS02 is safe, immunogenic, and is the first pre-erythrocytic vaccine to show significant protection against natural P falciparum infection. C1 MRC Labs, Banjul, Gambia. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. John Radcliffe Hosp, Inst Mol Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. RP Bojang, KA (reprint author), MRC Labs, POB 273, Banjul, Gambia. RI HILL, Adrian/C-1306-2008; Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Milligan, Paul/D-8985-2017; OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; Milligan, Paul/0000-0003-3430-3395; Conway, David/0000-0002-8711-3037 NR 32 TC 353 Z9 363 U1 3 U2 21 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 8 PY 2001 VL 358 IS 9297 BP 1927 EP 1934 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06957-4 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 500HZ UT WOS:000172622200008 PM 11747915 ER PT J AU Koehler, FW Small, GW Combs, RJ Knapp, RB Kroutil, RT AF Koehler, FW Small, GW Combs, RJ Knapp, RB Kroutil, RT TI Automated detection of sulfur dioxide in stack emissions by passive Fourier transform infrared spectrometry SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE sulfur dioxide; passive FT-IR; fingerprint ID PIECEWISE-LINEAR DISCRIMINANTS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION ANALYSIS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; INTERFEROGRAMS; OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN AB Passive Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry is used in the automated qualitative determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in a stack monitoring application. Digital filtering and pattern recognition techniques are optimized and applied to short sections of interferograms in a methodology developed to minimize effects of background variation. Two data sets are investigated that were collected with four similarly configured Fr-IR emission spectrometers positioned to monitor stack releases Of SO2 against low-angle sky backgrounds. In the two data sets, 98.2% of 39,058 and 99.58% of 386,260 FT-IR interferograms collected are correctly classified into analyte-active or analyte-inactive categories, respectively, representing the presence or absence Of SO2 in the field-of-view of the spectrometer. This work demonstrates the validity of the methodology with data collected from stack emissions, and shows that the methodology allows training and subsequent prediction of data sets composed of data collected with multiple spectrometers. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, SBCCOM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Small, GW (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2031 J9 VIB SPECTROSC JI Vib. Spectrosc. PD DEC 7 PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1016/S0924-2031(01)00128-X PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 496QL UT WOS:000172407400002 ER PT J AU Klein, PB Binari, SC Ikossi, K Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL AF Klein, PB Binari, SC Ikossi, K Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL TI Effect of deep traps on sheet charge in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; GAN AB The same traps that produce current collapse in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors are also shown to limit the sheet charge that is attainable in these devices by the trapping of channel carriers at equilibrium (no applied bias). In the present case. this reduction in sheet charge was found comparable to that induced by current collapse. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Klein, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2001 VL 37 IS 25 BP 1550 EP 1551 DI 10.1049/el:20011040 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 504JZ UT WOS:000172854700039 ER PT J AU Flanigan, RC Salmon, SE Blumenstein, BA Bearman, SI Roy, V McGrath, PC Caton, JR Munshi, N Crawford, ED AF Flanigan, RC Salmon, SE Blumenstein, BA Bearman, SI Roy, V McGrath, PC Caton, JR Munshi, N Crawford, ED TI Nephrectomy followed by interferon alfa-2b compared with interferon alfa-2b alone for metastatic renal-cell cancer SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED KILLER-CELLS; CYTOREDUCTIVE SURGERY; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; CARCINOMA; INTERLEUKIN-2; IMMUNOTHERAPY; CHEMOTHERAPY; COMBINATION; SURVIVAL AB Background: The value of nephrectomy in metastatic renal-cell cancer has long been debated. Several nonrandomized studies suggest a higher rate of response to systemic therapy and longer survival in patients who have undergone nephrectomy. Methods: We randomly assigned patients with metastatic renal-cell cancer who were acceptable candidates for nephrectomy to undergo radical nephrectomy followed by therapy with interferon alfa-2b or to receive interferon alfa-2b therapy alone. The primary end point was survival, and the secondary end point was a response of the tumor to treatment. Results: The median survival of 120 eligible patients assigned to surgery followed by interferon was 11.1 months, and among the 121 eligible patients assigned to interferon alone it was 8.1 months (P=0.05). The difference in median survival between the two groups was independent of performance status, metastatic site, and the presence or absence of a measurable metastatic lesion. Conclusions: Nephrectomy followed by interferon therapy results in longer survival among patients with metastatic renal-cell cancer than does interferon therapy alone. (N Engl J Med 2001;345:1655-9.) Copyright (C) 2001 Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Loyola Univ, Stritch Sch Med, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Canc, Tucson, AZ USA. SW Oncol Grp, Ctr Stat, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Lexington, KY USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Flanigan, RC (reprint author), SW Oncol Grp SWOG 8949, Operat Off, 14980 Omicron Dr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA76132, CA63850, CA12644, CA22433, CA13612, CA58882, CA58861, CA63845, CA35119, CA37981, CA76447, CA32102, CA35090, CA52654, CA45560, CA04919, CA04920, CA16385, CA46136, CA46441, CA35281, CA27057, CA42777, CA76462, CA46113, CA38926, CA35128, CA76448, CA45461, CA14028, CA46282, CA35192, CA20319, CA45450, CA35261, CA35176, CA35431, CA74647, CA58686, CA58416] NR 27 TC 815 Z9 843 U1 0 U2 11 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 6 PY 2001 VL 345 IS 23 BP 1655 EP 1659 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa003013 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 498NH UT WOS:000172517200001 PM 11759643 ER PT J AU Woodson, K Lanza, E Tangrea, JA Albert, PS Slattery, M Pinsky, J Caan, B Paskett, E Iber, F Kikendall, IW Lance, P Shike, M Weissfeld, J Schatzkin, A AF Woodson, K Lanza, E Tangrea, JA Albert, PS Slattery, M Pinsky, J Caan, B Paskett, E Iber, F Kikendall, IW Lance, P Shike, M Weissfeld, J Schatzkin, A TI Hormone replacement therapy and colorectal adenoma recurrence among women in the polyp prevention trial SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; LARGE-BOWEL CANCER; COLON-CANCER; REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; EXOGENOUS HORMONES; UNITED-STATES AB Background: Epidemiologic studies have suggested that estrogen may protect against the development of colorectal cancers and adenomatous polyps. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and adenoma recurrence among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women participating in the Polyp Prevention Trial, a randomized dietary intervention study of individuals with colorectal adenomas. Methods: We used a questionnaire and interviews to collect detailed information, at baseline and at each of four annual study visits, from 620 women regarding hormone use, menopausal status, diet, alcohol consumption, and other risk factors. Adenoma recurrence was ascertained by complete colonoscopy at baseline and after 1 and 4 years. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between hormone use and adenoma recurrence after adjusting for intervention group and for age and body mass index at baseline. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Adenomas recurred in 200 women. There was no overall association between adenoma recurrence and either overall hormone use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70 to 1.45), combined estrogen and progestin use (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.56), or unopposed estrogen use (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.68 to 1.59). HRT use was associated with a reduction in risk for recurrence of distal adenomas (OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.32 to 1.00) and a statistically nonsignificant increase in risk for recurrence of proximal adenomas (OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 0.85 to 2.26). We observed a statistically significant interaction between the HRT-adenoma recurrence association and age (P = .02). HRT was associated with a 40% reduced risk of adenoma recurrence among women older than 62 years (OR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.97) but with an increased risk among women younger than 62 years (OR = 1.99; 95 % CI = 1.11 to 3.55). Conclusions: HRT was not associated with a reduced risk for overall adenoma recurrence in this trial cohort, although there was a suggestion of an age interaction. The effect of age on the association needs to be confirmed in other adenoma recurrence trials. C1 NCI, Canc Prevent Studies Branch, Div Clin Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Biometr Res Branch, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Natl Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Kaiser Fdn, Res Inst, Oakland, CA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Edward Hines Jr Hosp, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Hines, IL USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Woodson, K (reprint author), NIH, 6006 Execut Blvd,MSC 7058, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 42 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD DEC 5 PY 2001 VL 93 IS 23 BP 1799 EP 1805 DI 10.1093/jnci/93.23.1799 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 498DN UT WOS:000172494700010 PM 11734596 ER PT J AU Rosenwald, A Alizadeh, AA Widhopf, G Simon, R Davis, RE Yu, X Yang, LM Pickeral, OK Rassenti, LZ Powell, J Botstein, D Byrd, JC Grever, MR Cheson, BD Chiorazzi, N Wilson, WH Kipps, TJ Brown, PO Staudt, LM AF Rosenwald, A Alizadeh, AA Widhopf, G Simon, R Davis, RE Yu, X Yang, LM Pickeral, OK Rassenti, LZ Powell, J Botstein, D Byrd, JC Grever, MR Cheson, BD Chiorazzi, N Wilson, WH Kipps, TJ Brown, PO Staudt, LM TI Relation of gene expression phenotype to immunoglobulin mutation genotype in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cDNA microarrays; gene expression profiling; leukemia; lymphocytic; chronic ID TYROSINE KINASES; AUTOANTIBODIES; PROTEIN; ACTIVATION; LYMPHOMA; RECEPTOR; CANCER; SYK AB The most common human leukemia is B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a malignancy of mature B cells with a characteristic clinical presentation but a variable clinical course. The rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) genes of CLL cells may be either germ-line in sequence or somatically mutated. Lack of Ig mutations defined a distinctly worse prognostic group of CLL patients raising the possibility that CLL comprises two distinct diseases. Using genomic-scale gene expression profiling, we show that CLL is characterized by a common gene expression "signature," irrespective of Ig mutational status, suggesting that CLL cases share a common mechanism of transformation and/or cell of origin. Nonetheless, the expression of hundreds of other genes correlated with the Ig mutational status, including many genes that are modulated in expression during mitogenic B cell receptor signaling. These genes were used to build a CLL subtype predictor that may help in the clinical classification of patients with this disease. C1 NCI, Metab Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NCI, Biometr Res Branch, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Bioinformat & Mol Anal Sect, CBEL, CIT, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Columbus, OH 43214 USA. NCI, CTEP, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. N Shore Long Isl Jewish Res Inst, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. NCI, Med Branch, Div Clin Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Staudt, LM (reprint author), NCI, Metab Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Bldg 10,Rm 4N114, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. OI Alizadeh, Arash Ash/0000-0002-5153-5625 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 87956, R01 CA 81554, R01 CA081554, R01 CA087956] NR 29 TC 717 Z9 737 U1 1 U2 17 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD DEC 3 PY 2001 VL 194 IS 11 BP 1639 EP 1647 DI 10.1084/jem.194.11.1639 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 500ZX UT WOS:000172659500009 PM 11733578 ER PT J AU Donovan, ME Schulzgen, A Lee, J Blanche, PA Peyghambarian, N Khitrova, G Gibbs, HM Rumyantsev, I Kwong, NH Takayama, R Yang, ZS Binder, R AF Donovan, ME Schulzgen, A Lee, J Blanche, PA Peyghambarian, N Khitrova, G Gibbs, HM Rumyantsev, I Kwong, NH Takayama, R Yang, ZS Binder, R TI Evidence for intervalence band coherences in semiconductor quantum wells via coherently coupled optical stark shifts SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND; EXCITONS; LASER; INVERSION; BEATS AB We report the experimental observation of coherently coupled heavy-hole-light-hole Stark shifts, i.e., light-hole exciton shifts under heavy-hole exciton pumping conditions, in InGaAs quantum wells. The theoretical analysis of the data is based on a full many-body approach (dynamics-controlled truncation formalism) in the third-order nonlinear optical regime. It is shown that the Stark shift data can be interpreted as strong evidence of suitably defined nonradiative intervalence band coherences in a semiconductor quantum well. Hence, the observations establish a semiconductor analog of Raman coherences in three-level atoms. C1 Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Japan Sci & Technol Corp,ERATO, Cooperat Excitat Project, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Donovan, ME (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RI Schulzgen, Axel/A-9514-2008 NR 15 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 23 AR 237402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.237402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 498ZZ UT WOS:000172545400042 PM 11736475 ER PT J AU Barekman, CL Cotelingam, JD AF Barekman, CL Cotelingam, JD TI Comparison of touch imprints with aspirate smears for evaluating bone marrow specimens SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Hematopathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Clin Labs, Shreveport, LA 71105 USA. RP Barekman, CL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Hematopathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 116 IS 6 BP 945 EP 945 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 497JL UT WOS:000172451700019 PM 11764083 ER PT J AU Feuerstein, M Berkowitz, SM Haufler, AJ Lopez, MS Huang, GD AF Feuerstein, M Berkowitz, SM Haufler, AJ Lopez, MS Huang, GD TI Working with low back pain: workplace and individual psychosocial determinants of limited duty and lost time SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE musculoskeletal; low back; pain; occupational stress; ergonomic exposure; lost time; limited duty; psychosocial; military personnel; secondary prevention ID PROBLEM-SOLVING INVENTORY; WORKERS-COMPENSATION; RISK-FACTORS; SECONDARY PREVENTION; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE; DISABILITY BEGINS; PRIMARY-CARE; HEALTH-CARE; FOLLOW-UP AB Background Few studies have identified the risk factors associated with lost time in employees working with occupational low back pain (OLBP) despite the presence of pain. Such data could assist in the development of evidenced-based secondary prevention programs. Methods The present investigation was a case-control study (n = 421) of demographic, health behavior, ergonomic, workplace and individual psychosocial factors hypothesized to be associated with lost time in young, MI-time employees (i.e., soldiers) with OLBP Analyses of the burden of OLBP in terms of the number of days on limited duty and lost time status were also computed. Results Logistic regression analysis indicated that female gender, education beyond HS/GED, longer time working in military, higher levels of daily life worries, no support from others, higher levels of ergonomic exposure, stressful work, increased peer cohesion, and greater perceived effort at work placed a worker at a greater likelihood for OLBP-related lost work time. Lower levels of innovation, involvement, and supervisor support were also associated with lost time. Linear regression indicated that the number of days of lost time and limited duty was associated with lower levels of physical health and higher levels of symptom severity. Conclusions The results support the potential utility of interventions targeting ergonomic, workplace and individual psychosocial risk factors in secondary prevention. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc dagger. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Clin Psychol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Behav Med, Washington, DC USA. Dept Vet Affairs, VA Res & Dev Off, Cooperat Studies Program, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Ergon Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Feuerstein, M (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Clin Psychol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 80 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 40 IS 6 BP 627 EP 638 DI 10.1002/ajim.10000 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 497XG UT WOS:000172480300002 PM 11757039 ER PT J AU Pierce, B Apodaca, C Napolitano, P Pierce, L Hume, R Calhoun, B AF Pierce, B Apodaca, C Napolitano, P Pierce, L Hume, R Calhoun, B TI The effects of fetal arterial hypoxia and acidemia on placental production of adrenomedullin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 185 IS 6 SU S MA 549 BP S230 EP S230 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(01)80582-2 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 505PK UT WOS:000172921000544 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Troendle, J Yancey, M AF Zhang, J Troendle, J Yancey, M TI Reassessing the labor curve SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NICHHD, NI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 185 IS 6 SU S MA 6 BP S71 EP S71 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(01)80016-8 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 505PK UT WOS:000172921000008 ER PT J AU Zamudio, S Douglas, M Mazzeo, RS Wolfel, EE Young, DA Rock, PB Braun, B Muza, SR Butterfield, GE Moore, LG AF Zamudio, S Douglas, M Mazzeo, RS Wolfel, EE Young, DA Rock, PB Braun, B Muza, SR Butterfield, GE Moore, LG TI Women at altitude: forearm hemodynamics during acclimatization to 4,300 m with alpha(1)-adrenergic blockade SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high altitude; hypoxia; venous compliance; peripheral blood flow; vascular resistance; prazosin; norepinephrine; epinephrine ID BETA-ADRENERGIC-BLOCKADE; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION; SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; CHRONIC HYPOXIA; RESPONSES; ALPHA; PROGESTERONE; ARTERIAL AB We hypothesized that blockade of alpha (1)-adrenergic receptors would prevent the rise in peripheral vascular resistance that normally occurs during acclimatization. Sixteen eumenorrheic women were studied at sea level (SL) and at 4,300 m (days 3 and 10). Volunteers were randomly assigned to take the selective alpha (1)-blocker prazosin or placebo. Venous compliance, forearm vascular resistance, and blood flow were measured using plethysmography. Venous compliance fell by day 3 in all subjects (1.39 +/- 0.30 vs. 1.62 +/- 0.43 ml.Delta 30 mmHg(-1).100 ml tissue(-1).min(-1) at SL, means +/- SD). Altitude interacted with prazosin treatment (P < 0.0001) such that compliance returned to SL values by day 10 in the prazosin-treated group (1.68 +/- 0.19) but not in the placebo-treated group (1.20 +/- 0.10, P < 0.05). By day 3 at 4,300 m, all women had significant falls in resistance (35.2 +/- 13.2 vs. 54.5 +/- 16.1 mmHg.ml(-1.)min(-1) at SL) and rises in blood flow (2.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.5 ml.100 ml tissue(-1).min(-1) at SL). By day 10, resistance and flow returned toward SL, but this return was less in the prazosin-treated group (resistance: 39.8 +/- 4.6 mmHg.ml(-1).min(-1) with prazosin vs. 58.5 +/- 9.8 mmHg.ml(-1).min(-1) with placebo; flow: 1.9 +/- 0.7 ml.100 ml tissue(-1).min(-1) with prazosin vs. 2.3 +/- 0.3 ml.100 ml tissue(-1).min(-1) with placebo, P < 0.05). Lower resistance related to higher circulating epinephrine in both groups (r = -0.50, P < 0.0001). Higher circulating norepinephrine related to lower venous compliance in the placebo-treated group (r = -0.42, P < 0.05). We conclude that (1)-adrenergic stimulation modulates peripheral vascular changes during acclimatization. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol B113, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Womens Hlth Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Anthropol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Kinesiol & Appl Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Serv, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Aging Study Unit, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. USA, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Zamudio, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol B113, 4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80262 USA. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 281 IS 6 BP H2636 EP H2644 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 492EV UT WOS:000172156200045 PM 11709433 ER PT J AU Castellani, JW Young, AJ O'Brien, C Stulz, DA Sawka, MN Pandolf, KB AF Castellani, JW Young, AJ O'Brien, C Stulz, DA Sawka, MN Pandolf, KB TI Cold strain index applied to exercising men in cold-wet conditions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE core temperature; hypothermia; rating of perceived exertion; skin temperature; thermal sensation; thermoregulation ID LOWER BODY EXERCISE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; WATER IMMERSIONS; HEAT DEBT; TEMPERATURE; EXPOSURE; HUMANS; CORE; AIR AB A cold strain index (CSI) based on rectal (T-re) and mean skin temperatures ((T) over bar (sk)) using data from seminude resting subjects has been proposed (Moran DS, Castellani JW, O'Brien C, Young AJ, and Pandolf KB. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 277: R556-R564, 1999). The current study determined whether CSI could provide meaningful data for clothed subjects exercising in the cold with compromised insulation. Ten men exercised in cold-wet conditions (CW) for 6 h before (D0) and after 3 days of exhaustive exercise (D3). Each hour of CW consisted of 10 min of standing in rain (5.4 cm/ h, 5 degreesC air) followed by 45 min of walking (1.34 m/s, 5.4 m/s wind, 5 degreesC air). The change in T-re across time was greater (P < 0.05) on D3 than on D0, and the change in <(T)over bar>(sk) was less (P < 0.05) on D3 than on D0. Although CSI increased across time, the index at the end of both trials (D3 = 4.6 +/- 0.6; D0 = 4.2 +/- 0.8) was similar (P > 0.05). Thus, while T-sk was 1.3 degreesC higher (P, 0.05) and T-re was 0.3 degreesC lower (P < 0.05) on D3 than on D0, CSI did not discriminate the greater heat loss that occurred on D3. These findings indicate that when vasoconstrictor responses to cold are altered, such as after exhaustive exercise, CSI does not adequately quantify the different physiological strain between treatments. CSI may be useful for indicating increased strain across time, but its utility as a marker of strain between different treatments or studies is uncertain because no independent measure of strain has been used to determine to what extent CSI is a valid and reliable measure of strain. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Castellani, JW (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 281 IS 6 BP R1764 EP R1768 PG 5 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 491VR UT WOS:000172131200002 PM 11705759 ER PT J AU Convertino, VA Ludwig, DA Elliott, JJ Wade, CE AF Convertino, VA Ludwig, DA Elliott, JJ Wade, CE TI Evidence for central venous pressure resetting during initial exposure to microgravity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE set point; hypovolemia; diuresis; renal function ID PLASMA-VOLUME; ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE; SPACEFLIGHT; SALINE; ENDOCRINE; SPACE AB We measured central venous pressure (CVP); plasma volume (PV); urine volume rate (UVR); renal excretion of sodium (UNa); and renal clearances of creatinine, sodium, and osmolality before and after acute volume infusion to test the hypothesis that exposure to microgravity causes resetting of the CVP operating point. Six rhesus monkeys underwent two experimental conditions in a crossover counterbalance design: 1) continuous exposure to 10 degrees head-down tilt (HDT) and 2) a control, defined as 16 h/day of 80 degrees head-up tilt and 8 h prone. After 48 h of exposure to either test condition, a 120-min course of continuous infusion of isotonic saline (0.4 ml.kg(-1).min(-1) iv) was administered. Baseline CVP was lower (P = 0.011) in HDT (2.3 +/- 0.3 mmHg) compared with the control (4.5 +/- 1.4 mmHg) condition. After 2 h of saline infusion, CVP was elevated (P = 0.002) to a similar magnitude (P = 0.485) in HDT (Delta CVP = 2.7 +/- 0.8 mmHg) and control (Delta CVP = 2.3 +/- 0.8 mmHg) conditions and returned to preinfusion levels 18 h postinfusion in both treatments. PV followed the same pattern as CVP. The response relationships between CVP and UVR and between CVP and UNa shifted to the left with HDT. The restoration of CVP and PV to lower preinfusion levels after volume loading in HDT compared with control supports the notion that lower CVP during HDT may reflect a new operating point about which vascular volume is regulated. These results may explain the ineffective fluid intake procedures currently employed to treat patients and astronauts. C1 USA, Lib Branch, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Profess Performance Dev Grp Inc, San Antonio, TX 78240 USA. Rothe Dev Inc, San Antonio, TX 78222 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Math Sci, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 95070 USA. RP Convertino, VA (reprint author), USA, Lib Branch, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 281 IS 6 BP R2021 EP R2028 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 491VR UT WOS:000172131200032 PM 11705789 ER PT J AU Ludwig, GV AF Ludwig, GV TI Untitled SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Letter ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; AEROSOL C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Appl Diagnost Branch, Diagnost Syst Div,Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Ludwig, GV (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Appl Diagnost Branch, Diagnost Syst Div,Ft Detrick, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP V EP VI PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100002 ER PT J AU Dietze, R Carvalho, SFG Valli, LC Berman, J Brewer, T Milhous, W Sanchez, J Schuster, B Grogl, M AF Dietze, R Carvalho, SFG Valli, LC Berman, J Brewer, T Milhous, W Sanchez, J Schuster, B Grogl, M TI Phase 2 trial of WR6026, an orally administered 8-aminoquinoline, in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania chagasi SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AMPHOTERICIN-B; PENTOSTAM AB There are no recognized orally administered treatments for any of the leishmaniases. The 8-aminoquinoline WR6026 is an orally administered analog of primaquine that cured 50% of patients with kala-azar in Kenya at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 28 days. A further phase 2, open-label, dose-escalating safety and efficacy study was performed for kala-azar in Brazil. Cure rates for Brazilian patients treated for 28 days were as follows: I mg/kg/day: 0 of 4 (0%); 1.5 mg/kg/day: 1 of 6 (17%); 2.0 mg/kg/day: 4 of 6 (67%); 2.5 mg/kg/day: I of 5 (20%); and 3.25 mg/kg/day: 0 of 1 (0%). Nephrotoxicity that was not anticipated from preclinical animal studies or from phase 1 studies was seen at 2.5 mg/kg/day in 2 patients and in the single patient administered 3.25 mg/kg/day. WR6026 demonstrated the unusual clinical features of lack of increased efficacy against Brazilian kala-azar with increased dosing above 2 mg/kg/day and toxicity that was not present in previous investigations. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Spain. Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. RP Grogl, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Bldg 503,503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 16 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 685 EP 689 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100004 PM 11791957 ER PT J AU Teja-Isavadharm, P Watt, G Eamsila, C Jongsakul, K Li, QG Keeratithakul, D Sirisopana, N Luesutthiviboon, L Brewer, TG Kyle, DE AF Teja-Isavadharm, P Watt, G Eamsila, C Jongsakul, K Li, QG Keeratithakul, D Sirisopana, N Luesutthiviboon, L Brewer, TG Kyle, DE TI Comparative pharmacokinetics and effect kinetics of orally administered artesunate in healthy volunteers and patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; REDUCTIVE ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; INTRAMUSCULAR ARTEMETHER; BIOAVAILABILITY; ARTEMISININ; DISPOSITION; ARTEETHER; BIOASSAY; DIHYDROARTEMISININ; CHILDREN AB The single-dose pharmacokinetics of 100 mg of orally administered artesunate (AS) were studied in 6 patient volunteers with uncomplicated falciparum malaria and in 6 healthy volunteers. Plasma concentrations of both the parent drug, AS, and its major metabolite, dihydroartemisinin (DHA), were measured simultaneously by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD). The antimalarial activity of each plasma sample measured by an in vitro bioassay (BA) was used to derive activity concentrations. Artesunate was absorbed rapidly and then almost completely hydrolyzed to DHA in patients, whereas hydrolysis was incomplete in healthy volunteers. The mean +/- standard deviation (SD) maximum concentration (C-max) of AS was 296 +/- 110 nmol/L, the time to peak blood level (t(max)) was 0.71 +/- 0.66 hr, the half-life (t(1/2,z)) was 0.41 +/- 0.34 hr, and the bioavailability over 12 hr (area under the curve [AUC]((0-12))) was 253 +/- 185 nmol hr/L. Measured by HPLC, the C-max and AUC((0-12)) values of DHA in patients with malaria were significantly greater than in volunteers (1,948 +/- 772 and 1,192 +/- 315 nmol/L; 4,024 +/- 1,585 and 1,763 +/- 607 nmol hr/L, respectively; P less than or equal to 0.05). These differences were even greater when measured by BA. The C-max for patients with malaria was 2,894 +/- 2,497 and 795 +/- 455 nmol/L for volunteers, and AUC((0-12)) was 5,970 +/- 3,625 and 1,307 +/- 391 nmol hr/L, respectively (P less than or equal to 0.05). In contrast, DHA parameter estimates for t(1/2,z) and t(max) were similar between patients and healthy volunteers, with values of 0.80 +/- 0.30 versus 0.87 +/- 0.06 hr and 1.50 +/- 0.55 versus 1.13 +/- 0.52 hr, respectively (P > 0.5). Both drug metabolism and tissue protein binding could contribute to the differences between the antimalarial activity of artemisinin drugs in healthy volunteers and malaria infected patients. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, US Army Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Retrovirol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Royal Thai Army Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Aranyaprathet Army Hosp, Aranyaprathet, Thailand. RP Teja-Isavadharm, P (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 21 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 717 EP 721 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100010 PM 11791963 ER PT J AU Barker, TL Richards, AL Laksono, E Sanchez, JL Feighner, BH McBride, WZ Rubertone, MV Hyams, KC AF Barker, TL Richards, AL Laksono, E Sanchez, JL Feighner, BH McBride, WZ Rubertone, MV Hyams, KC TI Serosurvey of Borrelia burgdorferi infection among US military personnel: A low risk of infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ARMY SOLDIERS KNOWLEDGE; LYME-DISEASE; PROTECTION MEASURES AB A serosurvey of 9,673 United States military personnel was conducted to estimate infection rates with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, which is the cause of Lyme disease in the United States. Initial screening of sera from 9,673 military personnel on active duty in 1997 was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); supplemental testing of all ELISA-positive sera was performed by Western blot. Initial screening identified 1,594 (16.5%) ELISA-positive samples, but only 12 (0.12%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05-0.19%) were confirmed by Western blot. Antecedent serum samples collected from 1988 to 1996 were available for 7,368 (76%) subjects, accounting for 34,020 person-years of observation. Just two of the nine Western blot-positive individuals for whom antecedent samples were available seroconverted during military service for an annual incidence rate of six seroconversions per 100,000 persons (95% CI = 0.7-21.5). The risk of Lyme disease in the U.S. military population was found to be low. Although there may be sub-groups of military personnel who could potentially benefit from vaccination, force-wide use of the Lyme disease vaccine is not warranted. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ New Haven, Dept Cellular & Mol Biol, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3800, Lima, Peru. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Performance Evaluat & Improvement, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Army Med Surveillance Act, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Barker, TL (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 804 EP 809 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100025 PM 11791978 ER PT J AU Krishnamurti, C Kalayanarooj, S Cutting, MA Peat, RA Rothwell, SW Reid, TJ Green, S Nisalak, A Endy, TP Vaughn, DW Nimmannitya, S Innis, BL AF Krishnamurti, C Kalayanarooj, S Cutting, MA Peat, RA Rothwell, SW Reid, TJ Green, S Nisalak, A Endy, TP Vaughn, DW Nimmannitya, S Innis, BL TI Mechanisms of hemorrhage in dengue without circulatory collapse SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID P-SELECTIN; PLATELETS; VIRUS; FEVER; COAGULATION; INFECTIONS; SEVERITY; DISEASE; VIREMIA AB To characterize the molecular basis for the hemostatic defects of dengue infections, a study was conducted in Bangkok, Thailand. Febrile children (n = 68) hospitalized with suspected dengue were enrolled before their clinical syndromes were classified as either dengue fever (DF) or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Hospital course and outcome were recorded; blood was obtained during the febrile illness (S1), after defervescence (S2), and 1 month after onset of disease (S4). Patients were classified as DF (n = 211) and DHF grades 1, 2, and 3; (DHF1, n = 8; DHF2, n = 30; and DHF3, n = 9). All had marked thrombocytopenia. Bleeding scores were assigned on the basis of bleeding site. Although there was no correlation between bleeding scores and pleural effusion index (a measure of vascular leakage) or bleeding scores and platelet counts, there was a correlation between pleural effusion index and platelet counts. Bleeding scores did not correlate with hemostatic data. Activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged, with trends toward decreased fibrinogen and increased levels of prothrombin fragment F1.2 in the acute-phase samples. However, no factor level was dramatically decreased, We conclude that most patients with DF or DHF, even without overt hemorrhage, have consumptive coagulopathy. Nevertheless, hemorrhage in dengue without circulatory collapse is most likely due to activation of platelets rather than coagulopathy, which is well compensated. Our data suggest that vascular alteration may be the principal factor involved in the association of thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage with disease severity. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resuscitat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Krishnamurti, C (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resuscitat Med, 503 Robert Grant Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 29 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 840 EP 847 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100031 PM 11791984 ER PT J AU Cunha, MLON Piovesan-Alves, F Pang, LW AF Cunha, MLON Piovesan-Alves, F Pang, LW TI Community-based program for malaria case management in the Brazilian Amazon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS AB In areas of drug-resistant malaria, control programs may restrict chemotherapy until malaria has been confirmed via microscopy to contain costs and toxicity. In Brazil, patients travel to centralized laboratory posts (FNS) at great cost for diagnosis and treatment. A program was established through the bars of a mining town offering free dipstick diagnosis and mefloquine treatment on a 24-hr basis; falciparum malaria dipstick tests are accurate and easy to use. Outcomes were compared with historical data and results of a neighboring non-intervention village. Guidelines for dipstick use and treatment were followed for 98% of visits. The number of FNS visits was reduced from 2,316 (expected) to 1,097 (observed) with 626 dipstick tests applied. Ninety-five percent of those who visited the FNS experienced onset of malaria symptoms in the town where the FNS was located. There was an unexpected doubling of the malaria hospital admission rate. We demonstrate that dipstick testing can be used in a sustainable, community-based program that should be applicable in a wide variety of settings. C1 Fed Univ Brasilia, Dept Hlth Sci, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Parasitol, Inst Esciencia Biomed 2, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Enter Dis, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Pang, LW (reprint author), Dist Hlth Off Maui, 54 High St,Room 301, Wailuku, HI 96793 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 872 EP 876 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100037 PM 11791990 ER PT J AU Pang, LW Piovesan-Alves, F AF Pang, LW Piovesan-Alves, F TI Economic advantage of a community-based malaria management program in the Brazilian Amazon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; HEALTH AB In the Brazilian Amazon, travel costs to centralized malaria clinics for diagnosis and treatment can approach 20% of one's monthly salary. A pro-ram was established in a mining town for community-based dipstick test diagnosis and treatment. An economic analysis was performed that compared expected costs under the old program to the observed costs of the new one. Data were obtained through interviews, government reports, clinic and hospital records, and community records. There was a 53% reduction (by 1,219 visits) of clinic visits but a doubling of malaria hospitalization admissions (to 191). The new program had an overall annual savings of $60,900 ($11.8K-$160K, sensitivity limits), a 77% reduction of the old program's cost. The benefit-to-cost ratio was 9:1, where benefits were patients' savings from travel and lost wages and costs were government drug, diagnostic, training, and monitoring expenses. A community-based program incorporating dipstick tests for malaria management can have economic advantages. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Enter Dis, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Parasitol, Inst Ciencias Biomed 2, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Pang, LW (reprint author), 54 High St,Rm 301, Wailuku, HI 96793 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 883 EP 886 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100039 PM 11791992 ER PT J AU Walsh, DS Myint, KS Kantipong, P Jongsakul, K Watt, G AF Walsh, DS Myint, KS Kantipong, P Jongsakul, K Watt, G TI Orientia tsutsugamushi in peripheral white blood cells of patients with acute scrub typhus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN THAILAND; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is an acute illness that occurs in many parts of Asia. Clinical manifestations range from inapparent to organ failure. Organisms disseminate from the skin to target organs, suggesting that they may enter the peripheral circulation. Here, peripheral blood cell smears from patients with acute scrub typhus were obtained before treatment and for 2 days after treatment and reacted with antibodies specific for O. tsutsugamushi. White blood cells from 3 of 7 patients with acute scrub typhus stained positively for O. tsutsugamushi. Cells containing O. tsutsugamushi were mononuclear and were detected on each day of sampling. The presence of O. tsutsugamushi in peripheral white blood cells of patients with acute scrub typhus is a new finding with clinical and pathogenic implications. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Retrovirol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Chiang Rai Reg Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Walsh, DS (reprint author), AFRIMS, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 899 EP 901 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100042 PM 11791995 ER PT J AU Mayer, MI Weickum, RJ Solimando, DA Fileta, BB Abdel-Rahim, MM Fant, GV AF Mayer, MI Weickum, RJ Solimando, DA Fileta, BB Abdel-Rahim, MM Fant, GV TI Stability of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and mitomycin combined with ioversol for chemoembolization SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE chemoembolization; cisplatin; doxorubicin; ioversol; mitomycin; stability AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the chemical stability of a mixture of cisplatin 10 mg/mL, doxorubicin 5 mg/mL, and mitomycin 1 mg/mL in sodium chloride 0.9% (NS), and sodium chloride 0.9% and ioversol 68% (NSI). METHODS: The agents were reconstituted with NS and NSI in two groups. One syringe was made and stored protected from light at 4, 25, and 37 degreesC. triplicate HPLC determinations were performed on each syringe at each time period. Drug concentration at T-g, 4, 12, 24, 72, and 120 hours were recorded. RESULTS: Cisplatin in NS remained stable for five days at all three temperatures and lost 12.7% at 37 degreesC in 120 hours in NSI. Doxorubicin in NS remained stable throughout the five days at 4 and 25 degreesC, but lost 13.1% at 37 degreesC in 24 hours. Doxorubicin in NSI remained stable for five days at 4 degreesC and lost 16.3% at 25 degreesC by day 5, and 18.8% at 37 degreesC in 24 h ours. Mitomycin in NS lost 15.8% at 4 degreesC within 24 hours, and 24.7% at 25 degreesC and 36% at 37 degreesC within four h ours. Mitomycin in NSI was stable for 72 hours at 4 degreesC, 24 hours at 25 degreesC, and less than four hours at 37 degreesC. CONCLUSIONS: These agents in NS are stable for 12 hours at 4 degreesC. In NSI, they are stable for 72 hours at 4 degreesC. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Army, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Washington, DC USA. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Europe Reg Med Command, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Mayer, MI (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Army, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1548 EP 1551 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 505VP UT WOS:000172936500006 PM 11793616 ER PT J AU Snider, DM Priest, RF Lewis, F AF Snider, DM Priest, RF Lewis, F TI The civilian-military gap and professional military education at the precommissioning level SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WEST-POINT CADETS AB This article addresses whether there is a "gap" between the attitudes and perspectives of military students (at the military academies and at colleges with Reserve Officer Training Corps [ROTC] detachments) and students at civilian colleges. It is a limited study in that only three sets of student attitudes were examined, which were those pertaining to American society and its culture, military professionalism, and civil-military relations. The authors conclude that there is no significant gap between the attitudes and perspectives of military students in precommissioning undergraduate education and graduating seniors in civilian institutions. Rather, they were struck overall by the relatively high degree of similarity in responses. They also found a remarkably similar understanding of military professionalism. but, unfortunately, serious misunderstandings about proper civil-military relations on the part of both groups of students. Recommendations are proposed to correct the deficiencies noted in precommissioning professional military education. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. US Mil Acad, Off Inst Res & Anal, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Snider, DM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 249 EP + DI 10.1177/0095327X0102700205 PG 25 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 421GT UT WOS:000168057200005 ER PT J AU Samet, ED AF Samet, ED TI Sherman's civil war: Selected correspondence of William T. Sherman, 1860-1865. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, PA USA. RP Samet, ED (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, PA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 309 EP 311 DI 10.1177/0095327X0102700212 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 421GT UT WOS:000168057200013 ER PT J AU Fulco, CS Rock, PB Muza, SR Wolfei, EE Moore, LG Cymerman, A AF Fulco, CS Rock, PB Muza, SR Wolfei, EE Moore, LG Cymerman, A TI Circulatory responses to orthostasis during alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor blockade at high altitude SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE orthostasis; alpha-adrenergic receptors; compensatory; hemodynamic; sympathetic nervous system; prazosin; BP; parasympathetic withdrawal ID ALPHA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE; SYMPATHOADRENAL RESPONSES; SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE; ACCLIMATIZATION; WOMEN; RESPONSIVENESS; METABOLISM; RESIDENCE; EXPOSURE; HYPOXIA AB Background: Increased blood level of norepinephrine, a primary ei-adrenergic agonist, is associated with high-altitude exposure, and may help regulate key physiological functions (e.g., blood pressure). We hypothesized that blocking alpha (1)-adrenergic receptors would impair circulatory compensation for an orthostatic challenge to a greater extent at altitude than at sea level, Methods: Sixteen healthy women (23 +/- 2 yr) were randomly assigned to receive either 2 mg prazosin (n = 8) or placebo (n = 8) t.i.d. (double-blind design) for 12 d at sea level and during the first 12 d of altitude residence (4300 in). Passive 60 degrees upright tilt was performed at sea level (10 d of treatment), and after 3 and 10 d at altitude. Mean arterial BP (MABP, via auscultation) and heart rate (HR, via ECG) were measured every min during 10 min each of supine rest and tilt. Results. For the prazosin group compared with the placebo group: 1.) Supine and tilt MABP were consistently lower (p < 0.05) at sea level; 2.) MABP did not differ (p > 0.05) for either day at altitude; 3.) HR was similar for both positions at sea level and altitude; and 4.) MABP was consistently less only at sea level and HR was consistently greater only at altitude (both p < 0.05) in response to tilt. Conclusions: (1)-adrenergic blockade altered MABP and HR responses to tilt at sea level and altitude, but circulatory responses to orthostasis were well maintained in both environments. At altitude, BP during tilt was sufficiently maintained by a compensatory increase in heart rate, likely mediated by parasympathetic withdrawal. C1 USA, RIEM, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Fulco, CS (reprint author), USA, RIEM, Thermal & Mt Med Div, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1075 EP 1080 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 498BV UT WOS:000172490700002 PM 11763107 ER PT J AU Bell, NS Amoroso, PJ Yore, MM Senier, L Williams, JO Smith, GS Theriault, A AF Bell, NS Amoroso, PJ Yore, MM Senier, L Williams, JO Smith, GS Theriault, A TI Alcohol and other risk factors for drowning among male active duty US army soldiers SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE drowning; alcohol; military personnel ID KING-COUNTY; RESUSCITATION; WASHINGTON; PREVENTION; TRENDS; CARE AB Background: Risk factors for drowning are largely undocumented among military populations. Hypothesis. Accident report narratives will provide important information about the role of alcohol use and other behaviors in drownings among active duty male U.S. Army soldiers. Methods. Using a case series design, we describe drowning deaths reported to the U.S. Army Safety Center (1980-1997), documenting associated demographic factors, alcohol use, and other risk-taking behaviors. Results: Drowning victims (n = 352) were disproportionately young, black, and single, with less time-in-service, and no college experience. Most drownings occurred off-duty (89%). Alcohol use was involved in at least 31% of the cases overall. Alcohol use was also associated with a 10-fold increase in reckless behavior (OR 9.6, 95% CI 4.5-20.7) and was most common among drownings in Europe (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.5-13.4). Most drownings occurred where no lifeguard was present (68%), but almost two-thirds occurred in the presence of others, with CPR initiated in less than one-third of these cases. Drownings involving minority victims were less likely to involve alcohol, but more likely to occur in unauthorized swimming areas. While most drownings did not involve violations of safety rules, over one-third of the cases involved some form of reckless behavior, particularly for those under age 21. Conclusions: Intervention programs should be tailored to meet the needs of the demographic subgroups at highest risk since behavioral risk factors vary by race and age. CPR training and skills maintenance can improve survival rates. Narrative data are important for developing hypotheses and understanding risk factors for injuries. C1 SSDS Inc, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Bell, NS (reprint author), SSDS Inc, 8 Nonesuch Dr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. OI Smith, Gordon/0000-0002-2911-3071 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R29 AA011407-03, R29 AA011407, R01 AA011407-05, R29 AA 07700, R29 AA011407-02, R29 AA11407-01A1, R01 AA011407, R01 AA011407-04] NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1086 EP 1095 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 498BV UT WOS:000172490700004 PM 11763109 ER PT J AU Suputtamongkol, Y Newton, PN Angus, B Teja-Isavadharm, P Keeratithakul, D Rasameesoraj, M Pukrittayakamee, S White, NJ AF Suputtamongkol, Y Newton, PN Angus, B Teja-Isavadharm, P Keeratithakul, D Rasameesoraj, M Pukrittayakamee, S White, NJ TI A comparison of oral artesunate and artemether antimalarial bioactivities in acute falciparum malaria SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artemether; artesunate; bioassay; bioavailability; combination; malaria; pharmacokinetics; Plasmodium falciparum; Thailand ID ARTEMISININ DERIVATIVES; DOSE PHARMACOKINETICS; DIHYDROARTEMISININ; BIOAVAILABILITY; MEFLOQUINE; NEUROTOXICITY; LUMEFANTRINE; BENFLUMETOL; COMBINATION; CLEARANCE AB Aims Artesunate and artemether are the two most widely used artemisinin derivatives in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but there is little information on their comparative pharmacokinetics. The aim of this study was to examine the relative oral antimalarial bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the two derivatives. Methods The pharmacokinetic properties of oral artesunate and artemether (4 mg kg(-1)) were compared in a randomized cross-over study of 14 adult patients in western Thailand with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Antimalarial activity was compared using a previously validated, sensitive bioassay. Results Despite a 29% lower molar dose, oral artesunate administration resulted in significantly larger mean area under the plasma antimalarial activity time Curve and median maximum plasma antimalarial activity than after oral artemether (P less than or equal to0.02). The mean (95% CI) oral antimalarial bioavailability of artemether, relative to oral artesunate, corrected for molar dose was 58 (40-76)%. The mean (95% CI) relative antimalarial bioavailability of artemether,vas lower oil the first day of treatment, 31 (17-100)%, compared to the second day, 72 (44-118)%. (P = 0.018). In vivo parasite clearance and time above the in vitro IC90 were similar for the two drugs, despite considerable differences in C-max and AUC. Conclusions The oral antimalarial bioavailability following artemether was significantly lower than that after artesunate. Artemether oral antimalarial bioavailability is reduced in acute malaria. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Siriraj Hosp, Dept Med, Bangkok, Thailand. John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP White, NJ (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, 420-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RI White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-5251 J9 BRIT J CLIN PHARMACO JI Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 52 IS 6 BP 655 EP 661 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2001.01458.x PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 498XB UT WOS:000172537900003 PM 11736876 ER PT J AU Edstein, MD Kocisko, DA Brewer, TG Walsh, DS Eamsila, C Charles, BG AF Edstein, MD Kocisko, DA Brewer, TG Walsh, DS Eamsila, C Charles, BG TI Population pharmacokinetics of the new antimalarial agent tafenoquine in Thai soldiers SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; NONMEM; population pharmacokinetics; tafenoquine ID FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; WR-238605; 8-AMINOQUINOLINE; SAFETY AB Aims To describe the Population pharmacokinetics of tafenoquine in healthy volunteers after receiving tafenoquine for malaria prophylaxis. Methods The Population consisted of 135 male Thai soldiers (mean age 218.9 years; weight 60.3 kg). All soldiers were presumptively treated with artesunate for 3 days plus doxycycline for 7 days to remove any pre-existing malaria infections. After the treatment regime, 104 soldiers (drug group) received a loading dose of 400 mg tafenoquine base daily for 3 days followed by 400 mg tafenoquine monthly for 5 consecutive months. In the placebo group, 31 soldiers were infected with malaria during the study period. They were re-treated with artesunate for 3 days plus doxycycline for 7 days followed by a loading dose of 400 mg tafenoquine daily for 3 days and then 400 mg tafenoquine weekly for prophylaxis. Blood samples were randomly collected from each soldier on monthly and weekly prophylaxis Plasma tafenoquine concentrations were measured by h.p.l.c. Population pharmacokinetic modelling was performed using NONMEM. Results A one-compartment model was found best to describe the pharmacokinetics of tafenoquine after oral administration. Age and weight influenced volume of distribution (V/F), and subjects who contracted malaria had higher clearance (CL/F), but none of these factors was considered to have sufficient impact to warrant change in dosing. The population estimates of the first-order absorption rate constant (K-a), CL/F and V/F were 0.694 h(-1), 3.20 1 h(-1) and 1820 1, respectively. The intersubject variability in these parameters (coefficient of variation, CV%) was 61.2%, 25.3% and 14.8%, respectively. The absorption and elimination half-lives were 1.0 h and 16.4 days, respectively. The residual (unexplained) variability was 17.9%. Conclusions The population pharmacokinetics of orally administered tafenoquine have been determined in Thai soldiers under field conditions. This information, together with its known potent antimalarial activity, portends well for the application of tafenoquine as a useful prophylactic drug or for short-term radical treatment of vivax malaria. C1 Australian Army Malaria Inst, Dept Pharmacol, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. USA, Bangkok, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Thai Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Univ Queensland, Sch Pharm, Australian Ctr Paediat Pharmacokinet, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. RP Edstein, MD (reprint author), Australian Army Malaria Inst, Dept Pharmacol, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. RI Charles, Bruce/G-4411-2010; Charles, Bruce/A-3828-2012 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-5251 J9 BRIT J CLIN PHARMACO JI Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 52 IS 6 BP 663 EP 670 DI 10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01482.x PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 498XB UT WOS:000172537900004 PM 11736877 ER PT J AU Studt, J AF Studt, J TI Clarifying proposed changes SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Regulatory Branch, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Studt, J (reprint author), USA, Regulatory Branch, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 12 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 501AZ UT WOS:000172662000002 ER PT J AU Saikh, KU Khan, AS Kissner, T Ulrich, RG AF Saikh, KU Khan, AS Kissner, T Ulrich, RG TI IL-15-induced conversion of monocytes to mature dendritic cells SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE monocytes; cellular differentiation; dendritic cells; MHC; cytokines ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; T-CELLS; IN-VIVO; MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; LANGERHANS CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA; IL-2 RECEPTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR; ALPHA-CHAIN AB IL-15 is produced by a wide variety of tissues in response to inflammatory stimuli. We examined the effect of IL-15 in supporting the maturation of monocytes to dendritic cells in ex vivo culture. IL-15 transformed CD14(+) monocytes to mature dendritic cells. These dendritic cells were similar to those obtained from monocyte cultures treated with a combination of the cytokines GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-alpha. The effects of IL-15 did not depend on endogenously produced GM-CSF. The IL-15-induced dendritic cells also expressed chemokines and stimulated strong allo-responses that were characteristic of mature dendritic cells. These data indicate that CD14(+) monocytes respond to IL-15 by undergoing morphological transformation and acquiring characteristic dendritic cell features that facilitate antigen-specific responses of T cells. Thus, the release of IL-15 by inflammatory stimuli may induce the conversion of monocytes to immuno-stimulatory dendritic cells to support primary immune responses against pathogens. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Saikh, KU (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 43 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 126 IS 3 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01672.x PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 549GY UT WOS:000175437200013 PM 11737061 ER PT J AU Bayram, A Larson, M Miller, HC Kraus, NC AF Bayram, A Larson, M Miller, HC Kraus, NC TI Cross-shore distribution of longshore sediment transport: comparison between predictive formulas and field measurements SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE longshore sediment transport; predictive formulas; field measurements ID LOAD TRANSPORT AB The skill of six well-known formulas developed for calculating the longshore sediment transport rate was evaluated in the present study. Formulas proposed by Bijker [Bijker, E.W., 1967. Some considerations about scales for coastal models with movable bed. Delft Hydraulics Laboratory, Publication 50, Delft, The Netherlands; Journal of the Waterways, Harbors and Coastal Engineering Division, 97 (4) (1971) 687.], Engelund-Hansen [Engelund, F., Hansen, E., 1967. A Monograph On Sediment Transport in Alluvial Streams. Teknisk Forlag, Copenhagen, Denmark], Ackers-White [Journal of Hydraulics Division, 99 (1) (1973) 2041], Bailard-Inman [Journal of Geophysical Research, 86 (C3) (1981) 2035], Van Rijn [Journal of Hydraulic Division, 110 (10) (1984) 1431, 110(11) (1984) 1613; 110(12) (1984) 1733], and Watanabe [Watanabe, A., 1992. Total rate and distribution of longshore sand transport. Proceedings of the 23rd Coastal Engineering Conference, ASCE, 2528-2541] were investigated because they are commonly employed in engineering studies to calculate the time-averaged net sediment transport rate in the surf zone. The predictive capability of these six formulas was examined by comparison to detailed, high-quality data on hydrodynamics and sediment transport from Duck, NC, collected during the DUCK85, SUPERDUCK, and SANDYDUCK field data collection projects. Measured hydrodynamics were employed as much as possible to reduce uncertainties in the calculations, and all formulas were applied with standard coefficient values without calibration to the data sets. Overall, the Van Rijn formula was found to yield the most reliable predictions over the range of swell and storm conditions covered by the field data set. The Engelund-Hansen formula worked reasonably well, although with large scatter for the storm cases, whereas the Bailard-Inman formula systematically overestimated the swell cases and underestimated the storm cases. The formulas by Watanabe and Ackers -White produced satisfactory results for most cases, although the former overestimated the transport rates for swell cases and the latter yielded considerable scatter for storm cases. Finally, the Bijker formula systematically overestimated the transport rates for all cases. It should be pointed out that the coefficient values in most of the employed formulas were based primarily on data from the laboratory or from the river environment. Thus, re-calibration of the coefficient values by reference to field data from the surf zone is expected to improve their predict ive capability, although the limited amount of high-quality field data available at present makes it difficult to obtain values that would be applicable to a wide range of wave and beach conditions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Water Resources Engn, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Field Res Facil, Duck, NC 27949 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Larson, M (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Water Resources Engn, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. NR 31 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2 BP 79 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0378-3839(01)00023-0 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 500NJ UT WOS:000172633400002 ER PT J AU Colbeck, SC Jamieson, JB AF Colbeck, SC Jamieson, JB TI The formation of faceted layers above crusts SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Snow Science CY OCT 01-06, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MONTANA DE faceted layers; crusts; snow ID DEPTH-HOAR; DRY SNOW; METAMORPHISM; GROWTH AB Faceted crystals are observed to grow above crusts. These crusts can result from the release of latent heat from a freezing-layer of wet snow. Thus, the formation of an icy layer could trigger the onset of the growth of a layer of faceted crystals above the icy layer. Once started, the growth of faceted crystals might then be enhanced due to the low thermal conductivity of the faceted layer in relation to the icy layer. The presence of a faceted layer can lead to the release of an avalanche through either failure within the faceted layer or between the faceted layer and the crust. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Civil Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Colbeck, SC (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 33 IS 2-3 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(01)00045-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 499YN UT WOS:000172598700014 ER PT J AU Koenig, SC Ludwig, DA Reister, C Fanton, JW Ewert, D Convertino, VA AF Koenig, SC Ludwig, DA Reister, C Fanton, JW Ewert, D Convertino, VA TI Left ventricular, systemic arterial, and baroreflex responses to ketamine and TEE in chronically instrumented monkeys SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ANESTHESIA; MODEL AB Effects of prescribed doses of ketamine five minutes after application and influences of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) on left ventricular, systemic arterial, and baroreflex responses were investigated to test the hypothesis that ketamine and/or TEE probe insertion alter cardiovascular function. Seven rhesus monkeys were tested under each of four randomly selected experimental conditions: (1) intravenous bolus dose of ketamine (0.5 ml), (2) continuous infusion of ketamine (500 mg/kg/min), (3) continuous infusion of ketamine (500 mg/kg/min) with TEE, and (4) control (no ketamine or TEE). Monkeys were chronically instrumented with a high fidelity, dual-sensor micromanometer to measure left ventricular and aortic pressure and a transit-time ultrasound probe to measure aortic flow. These measures were used to calculate left ventricular function. A 4-element Windkessel lumped-parameter model was used to estimate total peripheral resistance and systemic arterial compliance. Baroreflex response was calculated as the change in R-R interval divided by the change in mean aortic pressure measured during administration of graded concentrations of nitroprusside. The results indicated that five minutes after ketamine application heart rate and left ventricular diastolic compliance decreased while TEE increased aortic systolic and diastolic pressure. We conclude that ketamine may be administered as either a bolus or continuous infusion without affecting cardiovascular function 5 minutes after application while the insertion of a TEE probe will increase aortic pressure. The results for both ketamine and TEE illustrate the classic "Hawthorne Effect," where the observed values are partly a function of the measurement process. Measures of aortic pressure, heart rate, and left ventricular diastolic pressure should be viewed as relative, as opposed to absolute, when organisms are sedated with ketamine or instrumented with a TEE probe. C1 Univ Louisville, Jewish Hosp Heart & Lung Inst, Dept Surg, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Math Sci, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. Guidant Corp, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. Oregon Reg Primate Res Ctr, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Koenig, SC (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Jewish Hosp Heart & Lung Inst, Dept Surg, 500 S Floyd St,Room 118, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 51 IS 6 BP 513 EP 517 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 510NY UT WOS:000173215200005 PM 11924813 ER PT J AU Chung, KK Browne, WT AF Chung, KK Browne, WT TI Utilization review of unfractionated heparin in the treatment of venous thromboembolic disease SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DDEAMC, Ft Gordon, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 29 IS 12 SU S MA 528 BP A160 EP A160 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 505PJ UT WOS:000172920900526 ER PT J AU Morrison, WE Haas, EC Shaffner, DH Fackler, J AF Morrison, WE Haas, EC Shaffner, DH Fackler, J TI An analysis of noise and staff stress in a pediatric intensive care unit SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 29 IS 12 SU S MA 495 BP A150 EP A150 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 505PJ UT WOS:000172920900494 ER PT J AU Slonim, AD Berger, JT Colloura-Burke, C Crain, N Pollack, MM AF Slonim, AD Berger, JT Colloura-Burke, C Crain, N Pollack, MM TI The outcomes associated with the repair of congenital heart disease (CHD) lesions in children with Trisomy 21 SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 29 IS 12 SU S MA 454 BP A138 EP A138 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 505PJ UT WOS:000172920900453 ER PT J AU Warren, JB AF Warren, JB TI Applications of subatmospheric pressure dressings for chronic wound closure in critically-ill patients SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 29 IS 12 SU S MA 613 BP A185 EP A185 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 505PJ UT WOS:000172920900608 ER PT J AU Warren, JB AF Warren, JB TI Effects of a prevention program on pressure ulcer (PU) outcome and resource utilization in critically-ill patients SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 29 IS 12 SU S MA 526 BP A160 EP A160 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 505PJ UT WOS:000172920900525 ER PT J AU Smith, SB Beals, SL Elston, DM Meffert, JJ AF Smith, SB Beals, SL Elston, DM Meffert, JJ TI Dermoscopy in the diagnosis of tinea nigra plantaris SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID MELANOMA AB Tinea nigra is a relatively uncommon dermatiaceous fungal infection, usually caused by Phaeoannellomyces werneckii, that may mimic a melanocytic lesion. We describe the value of epiluminescent dermoscopy of tinea nigra plantaris compared with other common diagnostic tools and procedures available (clinical appearance, potassium hydroxide [KOH], culture, culture mount preparation, and biopsy). A case of tinea nigra plantaris was evaluated clinically, microscopically with KOH, and dermatoscopically. Dermatoscopic findings were evaluated according to the Stolz system. Dermoscopy, clinical presentation, and microscopy with KOH all confirmed the diagnosis, with dermoscopy being the fastest and simplest procedure. Dermoscopy is a useful clinical adjuntive tool in differentiating tinea nigra from a melanocytic lesion. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Smith, SB (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD DEC PY 2001 VL 68 IS 6 BP 377 EP 380 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 503TV UT WOS:000172817600003 PM 11775770 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS Ding, MS Xu, K Allen, J Jow, TR AF Zhang, SS Ding, MS Xu, K Allen, J Jow, TR TI Understanding solid electrolyte interface film formation on graphite electrodes SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL LITHIUM INTERCALATION; KINETIC CHARACTERIZATION; NATURAL GRAPHITE; ION BATTERIES; IMPEDANCE; ANODES; CELLS AB Using ac impedance, we studied the formation process of solid electrolyte interface (SED film on graphite electrode during initial cycles. Results show that the SEI formation takes place through two major stages. The first stage takes place at voltages above 0.25 V (before lithiation of graphite), during which a loose and highly resistive film is formed. The second stage occurs at a narrow voltage range of 0.25-0.04 V, which proceeds simultaneously with lithiation of graphite electrode, In the second stage, a stable, compact, and highly conductive SEI film is produced. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 20 TC 163 Z9 165 U1 9 U2 105 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 4 IS 12 BP A206 EP A208 DI 10.1149/1.1414946 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 490BT UT WOS:000172030900005 ER PT J AU Theodoropoulou, N Hebard, AF Chu, SNG Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG Zavada, JM AF Theodoropoulou, N Hebard, AF Chu, SNG Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG Zavada, JM TI Magnetic properties of Fe- and Mn-implanted SiC SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL SPIN INJECTION; 4H-SILICON CARBIDE; SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETOELECTRONICS; FERROMAGNETISM; PHOSPHORUS AB p-Type 6H-SiC substrates were implanted with Mn+ or Fe+ at doses of 3-5 x 10(16) cm(-2) under conditions that avoided amorphization (substrate temperature similar to 350 degreesC). After annealing at 700 degreesC, the magnetic properties of the samples were examined by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. Both the Fe- and Mn-implanted samples showed ferromagnetic properties up to approximately 250 K for the highest doses employed. The origin of the ferromagnetism is not the formation of secondary phases involving precipitation of Fe or Mn. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Stevenson Ranch, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Theodoropoulou, N (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 4 IS 12 BP G119 EP G121 DI 10.1149/1.1414945 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 490BT UT WOS:000172030900014 ER PT J AU Egbert, H AF Egbert, H TI Mystery surprises in testing SO ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Dev Test Command, CSTE, TT,M, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Egbert, H (reprint author), USA, Dev Test Command, CSTE, TT,M, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLER FREEMAN TECHNICAL LTD PI LONDON PA 30 CALDERWOOD ST, LONDON SE18 6QH, ENGLAND SN 0013-4902 J9 ELECTRON ENG JI Electron. Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 73 IS 899 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 504KC UT WOS:000172855000004 ER PT J AU Cole, DM AF Cole, DM TI The microstructure of ice and its influence on mechanical properties SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE ice; microstructure; mechanical properties; flow; fracture ID SITU TENSILE-STRENGTH; SEA-ICE; STRAIN-RATE; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL; ENHANCED CREEP; PLATELET ICE; COLUMNAR ICE; GRAIN-SIZE; COMPRESSION; DEFORMATION AB A sound knowledge of and ability to model the mechanical behavior of ice is a key element in addressing a wide range of needs of the ice research community. Continued advancement requires an understanding of the relationship between microstructure and the flow and fracture of ice under a wide range of conditions. To provide perspective on this relationship, the paper presents a description of the main microstructural types of ice and their origins, and examines current knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure and the flow and fracture of freshwater and sea ice, The influence of microstructure on the components of strain (elastic. anelastic and viscous) receives attention, as does the flaw structure of sea ice and its influence on larger-scale crack propagation. Comments are offered on the nature of the microphysical processes that underlie the viscous deformation of single crystal and polycrystalline ice. Some aspects of the microstructural changes that occur during deformation are also discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Appl Res Div, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Cole, DM (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Appl Res Div, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 75 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 68 IS 17-18 BP 1797 EP 1822 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(01)00031-5 PG 26 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 487RN UT WOS:000171889200002 ER PT J AU Sodhi, DS AF Sodhi, DS TI Crushing failure during ice-structure interaction SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE ice crushing; ice forces; ice mechanics; edge indentation; ice-structure interaction ID SALINE ICE; 2-DIMENSIONAL EXTRUSION AB Small-scale indentation tests were conducted with compliant structures and freshwater ice sheets. Besides measuring forces and displacements, we installed grid-based tactile pressure sensors at the ice-structure interface to measure the pressure generated during an interaction. Similar to the results of earlier studies, the results of the present study with compliant structures show that there is ductile deformation of ice at low indentation speeds and continuous brittle crushing at high indentation speeds. During a typical cycle of the dynamic ice-structure interaction at intermediate speeds, the ice-structure interaction results in variable rates of indentation into the ice, and the tactile sensor data indicate that the ice deforms in a ductile manner at the low indentation rate (the loading phase), and fails in continuous brittle crushing at the high indentation rate (the ejection phase). Theoretical estimates of global force are given in terms of non-simultaneous local force per unit width during continuous brittle crushing. We find the effective pressure measured during small-scale indentation tests to be close to those measured on full-scale structures, when the indentation rate is high in both situations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Sodhi, DS (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 71 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 68 IS 17-18 BP 1889 EP 1921 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(01)00038-8 PG 33 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 487RN UT WOS:000171889200005 ER PT J AU Dempsey, JP Palmer, AC Sodhi, DS AF Dempsey, JP Palmer, AC Sodhi, DS TI High pressure zone formation during compressive ice failure SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID SIZE AB An understanding of the mechanics and physics of the formation of the high pressure zones that form during ice-structure interactions is sought. The influences of time, temperature and scale on the formation of these high pressure zones are explored in this paper. Line-like and localized high pressure contact zones are modeled via elastic-brittle hollow cylinder and hollow sphere idealizations, respectively. For both simultaneous and non-simultaneous contact, the critical lengths of stable cracking that may occur prior to flaking and flexural failure are strongly linked to the current level of specific pressure parameters for both line-like and localized high pressure zones. The stability aspects of the inplane cracking, and the link between the maximum possible crack lengths and the relative magnitudes of the local and far-field pressures help explain the transitions observed within the realms of ductile, intermittent, and brittle crushing. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Rowley Labs 240B, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ice Engn Res Branch, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Dempsey, JP (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Rowley Labs 240B, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 68 IS 17-18 BP 1961 EP 1974 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(01)00033-9 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 487RN UT WOS:000171889200007 ER PT J AU Coffin, RB Miyares, PH Kelley, CA Cifuentes, LA Reynolds, CM AF Coffin, RB Miyares, PH Kelley, CA Cifuentes, LA Reynolds, CM TI Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of TNT: Two-dimensional source identification SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE trinitrotoluene; fingerprinting; stable carbon isotopes; stable nitrogen isotopes; remediation ID C-13 C-12 RATIOS; BIODEGRADATION; HYDROCARBONS AB Data from a combination of laboratory and fieldwork is presented to initiate testing of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios to trace sources of TNT in contaminated soil and groundwater. Evaluation of these extraction methods resulted in 99.9 and 99.8% recovery of TNT with Soxhlet and solid-phase extraction (SPE), respectively. As a result of the high extraction efficiency, isotope fractionation did not occur, thus providing an accurate stable isotope value on TNT from laboratory and field samples. Subsequent experiments evaluated the stability of isotope signatures through incubations lasting up to four weeks with a 70% decline in the TNT concentration. During these experiments, no significant variation in stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios was measured. Five different sources of TNT, compared for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, showed a range of 4.2 and 15 parts per thousand, respectively. This large range in the isotope ratios suggests excellent potential to trace sources in a complex environment. Finally, a site was surveyed for concentrations and isotope values of TNT extracted from groundwaters. Values from this site were substantially different relative to the variation measured on standards and in laboratory incubation experiments. The data set indicates good potential to use stable isotopes to determine TNT sources and fate in the environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Environm Qual Sci Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USACRREL, Geochem Sci Div, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Coffin, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Environm Qual Sci Sect, Code 6115,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kelley, Cheryl/K-9392-2015 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 20 IS 12 BP 2676 EP 2680 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<2676:SCANIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 496WU UT WOS:000172420700004 PM 11764148 ER PT J AU Cui, LW Rzomp, KA Fan, Q Martin, SK Williams, J AF Cui, LW Rzomp, KA Fan, Q Martin, SK Williams, J TI Plasmodium falciparum: Differential display analysis of gene expression during gametocytogenesis SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; malaria parasite; differential display; stage-specific gene expression; gametocytes ID MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI; MESSENGER-RNA DISPLAY; MALARIA PARASITES; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; STAGE ANTIGENS; IDENTIFICATION; CULTURE; BLOOD AB With the Plasmodium falciparum genome sequencing near completion, functional analysis of individual parasite genes has become the major task of the postgenomic era. Understanding the expression patterns of individual genes is the initial step toward this goal. In this report, we have examined gene expression during gametocytogenesis of the malaria parasite, P. falciparum, using a modified differential display (DD) method. The modifications of this method include adjusting the dNTP mix, using upstream primers with higher AT contents, and reducing the extension temperature of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). With a combination of 16 arbitrary upstream primers and 3 one-base-anchored oligo(dT) primers, we have successfully cloned 80 unique cDNA tags from stage IV-V gametocytes. Further analysis by dot blots and semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR showed that at least 49 cDNAs had induced or elevated levels of expression in gametocytes, These results indicate that this modified DD procedure is suitable for large-scale identification of developmentally regulated genes in the AT-rich Plasmodium genome. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Cui, LW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, 501 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI46472] NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 99 IS 4 BP 244 EP 254 DI 10.1006/expr.2001.4669 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 533HH UT WOS:000174523200009 PM 11888252 ER PT J AU Lovell, CR Bagwell, CE Czako, M Marton, L Piceno, YM Ringelberg, DB AF Lovell, CR Bagwell, CE Czako, M Marton, L Piceno, YM Ringelberg, DB TI Stability of a rhizosphere microbial community exposed to natural and manipulated environmental variability SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rhizosphere; phospholipid fatty acid; microbial community; stability ID SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; DIAZOTROPH ASSEMBLAGE COMPOSITION; GRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; NITROGENASE ACTIVITY; REDUCTION; BIOMASS; DIVERSITY; SALINITY AB Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and artificial neural network analyses were used to examine the composition of the Spartina alterniflora rhizosphere microbial community after exposure to manipulations in the field designed to alter the availability of host plant-derived and abiotic nutrient resources, We also tracked the experiments over a sufficient duration to observe significant natural variability in edaphic variables. We determined the PLFA composition of axenic S. alterniflora roots in order to distinguish differences in PLFAs that were due to changes in the rhizosphere microbiota from those only due to variability in plant root mass among samples. There were no significant changes in the PLFA profiles in response to experimental treatments and little change over the 8-week duration of the experiments, The microbial communities in the S. alterniflora rhizosphere did not respond dramatically to changing environmental conditions in the absence of major physical or chemical disruptions of the rhizosphere. (C) 2001 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. CEWES ES P, Waterway Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Lovell, CR (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RI Piceno, Yvette/I-6738-2016 OI Piceno, Yvette/0000-0002-7915-4699 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00883.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 506TQ UT WOS:000172988200008 ER PT J AU Gornitz, V Couch, S Hartig, EK AF Gornitz, V Couch, S Hartig, EK TI Impacts of sea level rise in the New York City metropolitan area SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Global and Regional Sea-Level Changes and the Hydrological Cycle CY OCT, 1999 CL SARDINIA, ITALY DE sea level rise; climate change; impacts ID GLACIAL ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CYCLONES; RECORD; MODEL AB The greater New York City region, with over 2400 km of shoreline, will be vulnerable to accelerated sea level rise (SLR) due to anticipated climate warming. Accelerated SLR would exacerbate historic trends of beach erosion and attrition of highly productive coastal salt marshes. Coastal populations in the region have swelled by around 17% (av.) and over 100% in some localities between 1960 and 1995. The coastal zone will thus be increasingly at risk to episodic flood events superimposed on a more gradual rise in mean sea level. Projections of sea level rise based on a suite of climate change scenarios suggest that sea levels will rise by 18-60 cm by the 2050s, and 24-108 cm by the 2080s over late 20th century levels. The return period of the 100-yr storm flood could be reduced to 19-68 years, on average, by the 2050s, and 4-60 years by the 2080s. Around 50% of the land surface of salt marsh islands have disappeared in Jamaica Bay since 1900. While losses prior to stricter environmental protection starting in 1972 can largely be attributed to anthropogenic activities, such as landfilling, dredging, and urbanization, further investigation is needed to explain more recent shrinkage. Given projected rates of SLR, and plausible accretion rates, these wetlands may not keep pace with SLR beyond several decades, resulting in severe loss. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, New York, NY USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Wildlife Trust, Palisades, NY USA. RP Gornitz, V (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Armstrong Hall 2880,Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. NR 65 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD DEC PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 SI SI BP 61 EP 88 AR PII S0921-8181(01)00150-3 DI 10.1016/S0921-8181(01)00150-3 PG 28 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 525QC UT WOS:000174081600007 ER PT J AU Fehmi, JS Laca, EA Rice, KJ AF Fehmi, JS Laca, EA Rice, KJ TI The effect of small gaps in California annual grassland on above-ground biomass production SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spatial pattern; additive design; plant distribution; small-scale gaps; competitive effects ID QUERCUS-DOUGLASII SEEDLINGS; PLANT-POPULATIONS; SIZE-STRUCTURE; SOIL-WATER; COMPETITION; COEXISTENCE; PATTERNS; RESOURCE AB Small gaps and clumped species distributions are common in grasslands. In California annual grasslands, patches of Lilium multiflorum Lam. and Bromus hordeaceus L. are often separated by gaps. These gaps potentially limit the productivity and associated resource use of these grasslands. The effect that differences in spatial aggregation, gap distribution and species mixing on 20-cm-diameter plots has on overall forage production by these two grasses was tested. There were three levels of aggregation: whole plots planted; half planted/half empty; two opposing quarters planted/two empty. Each species was planted in each distribution, and they were combined as mixed, half L. multiflorum/half B. hordeaceus and two quarters L. multiflorum/two quarters B. hordeaceus (nine treatments). Plant aggregation had no significant effect on above-ground production of whole plots, but individual tillers near gaps were significantly larger than others. Plasticity in the growth of individual annual grasses effectively buffered against variation in average productivity resulting from variations in plant distribution. There were significant (P < 0.001) differences in forage production as a result of the species the plots contained. Plots containing only L. multiflorum produced 4053 kg of dry matter (DM) ha(-1), B. hordeaceus plots produced 2448 kg of DM ha(-1), and plots containing both species produced 4712 kg of DM ha-1. At small scales, spatial distribution was less important than species composition in determining annual grassland productivity. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fehmi, JS (reprint author), ERDC, CERL, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 56 IS 4 BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2494.2001.00280.x PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 519ZP UT WOS:000173755600002 ER PT J AU Cossentino, MJ Fukuda, MM Butler, JA Sanders, JW AF Cossentino, MJ Fukuda, MM Butler, JA Sanders, JW TI Cancer metastasis to a percutaneous gastrostomy site SO HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, Div Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Cossentino, MJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, Div Gastroenterol, Bldg 2,7F,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1043-3074 J9 HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC JI Head Neck-J. Sci. Spec. Head Neck PD DEC PY 2001 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1080 EP 1082 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 498TQ UT WOS:000172526900012 PM 11774395 ER PT J AU Summers, V AF Summers, V TI Overshoot effects using Schroeder-phase harmonic maskers in listeners with normal hearing and with hearing impairment SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE overshoot; Schroeder-phase masking; hearing impairment; cochlear nonlinearity ID MASKING PERIOD PATTERNS; AUDITORY-NERVE FIBERS; BASILAR-MEMBRANE RESPONSES; OLIVOCOCHLEAR NEURONS; CHINCHILLA COCHLEA; SEVERE DEPARTURE; LEVEL; STIMULATION; COMPLEXES; CAT AB Overshoot was examined in normal-hearing listeners and in listeners with sensorineural hearing loss using positive (m(+)) and negative (m(-)) Schroeder-phase harmonic maskers and brief (5-ms) 1000-Hz and 4000-Hz signals. Maskers were 460 ms in duration and contained equal-amplitude harmonics of a 100-Hz fundamental frequency. For each masker, probes were presented at temporal locations near the start of the masker (probe onsets 3, 5.5, 8, 10.5, and 13 ms following masker onset) and at the same positions (relative to masker fine structure) 150 ms later, near the temporal center of each masker. Probes were held constant at either 60 or 80 dB sound-pressure level (SPL) and masker levels were varied adaptively to determine masked thresholds at each position within the 10-ms masker period. Overshoot effects were greatest for conditions where cochlear processing was likely to be highly nonlinear, i.e., for normal-hearing listeners tested at moderate presentation levels (60 dB SPL probes). In addition, greater overshoot was observed for m(+) than for m(-) maskers. These findings are consistent with earlier suggestions that masking effectiveness of m(+) complexes is particularly influenced by cochlear nonlinearity (Summers, V. and Leek, M.R., 1998. Hear. Res. 188, 139-150) and with evidence linking overshoot to nonlinearity in peripheral auditory processing. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Summers, V (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [CD 03553] NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 162 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0378-5955(01)00342-2 PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 494PA UT WOS:000172290000001 PM 11707346 ER PT J AU Cymerman, A Muza, SR Beidleman, BA Ditzler, DT Fulco, CS AF Cymerman, A Muza, SR Beidleman, BA Ditzler, DT Fulco, CS TI Postural instability and acute mountain sickness during exposure to 24 hours of simulated altitude (4300 m) SO HIGH ALTITUDE MEDICINE & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE balance; altitude illness; hypobaric hypoxia; hypoxia; posture ID HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA AB Short exposures to severe or moderate hypoxia can have detrimental effects on postural stability. We hypothesized that continuous 24-h exposure to simulated 4300-m altitude (446 mmHg) would adversely affect postural stability and that this change in postural stability would be related to the severity of acute mountain sickness (AMS). On two different studies with similar experimental designs, postural instability was measured after similar to3 and similar to 24 h of exposure using a computer-controlled unstable platform system in a total of 19 volunteers on three consecutive, 30-sec tests: eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC), and a dynamic test involving tracking a circular moving object. Compared to baseline sea-level results, increases in postural instability were obtained with the EO test after 2 to 3 h (30%, p = 0.002) and 23 to 24 h (21%, p = 0.036) of altitude exposure. Similar increases were obtained on the EC test: 2 to 3 h (25%, p < 0.001) and 23 to 24 h (31%, p < 0.001). Although absolute instability values were higher on the EC test, the ratio EC/EO and the relative temporal changes with altitude exposure were similar. There were no significant altitude-stability effects on the target-tracking task. Sixty-three percent of the subjects (12 of 19) exhibited significant AMS (> 0.7 ESQ-C score) at some point during the 24-h exposure. No statistically significant correlations were obtained between the ESQ-C and any of the postural instability tests. These results indicate that postural stability is adversely affected during a 24-h exposure to 4300 m; however, there does not appear to be a correlation with the incidence or severity of AMS. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Cymerman, A (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1527-0297 J9 HIGH ALT MED BIOL JI High Alt. Med. Biol. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 2 IS 4 BP 509 EP 514 DI 10.1089/152702901753397072 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 505KT UT WOS:000172912500003 PM 11809091 ER PT J AU Abouchacra, KS Breitenbach, J Mermagen, T Letowski, T AF Abouchacra, KS Breitenbach, J Mermagen, T Letowski, T TI Binaural helmet: Improving speech recognition in noise with spatialized sound SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID INTELLIGIBILITY; HEARING AB This study assessed the effects of spatialized sound presentation on a listener's ability to monitor target (T) messages in the presence of competing (C) messages and high-level (110 dB[A]) background noise (BGN). In a simulated military environment, 8 participants wore two-channel, active noise reduction (ANR) equipped helmets and listened to combinations of T and C messages (89 dB[A] at the ear). T messages were presented synchronously with 0, 1, 2, and 3 C messages in four listening modes: (a) BGN + diotic, (b) BGN + dichotic, (c) BGN + spatial audio, and (d) quiet + spatial audio. Best overall performance occurred in the spatialized modes (c and d) and poorest in the diotic mode (a). As expected, speech recognition was better in quiet than in BGN when multiple C messages were present. Findings indicate that message spatialization in acoustic space improves auditory performance during times of heavy message competition, even in high-level noise. The proposed technology has numerous applications, such as multichannel communications in tactical operations centers, monitoring of complex security systems, and air traffic control. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Amer Univ Beirut, Med Ctr, Beirut, Lebanon. RP Letowski, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Bldg 520, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD WIN PY 2001 VL 43 IS 4 BP 584 EP 594 DI 10.1518/001872001775870368 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 543LE UT WOS:000175102800007 PM 12002007 ER PT J AU Levi, AJ Segars, JH Miller, BT Leondires, MP AF Levi, AJ Segars, JH Miller, BT Leondires, MP TI Endometrial cavity fluid is associated with poor ovarian response and increased cancellation rates in ART cycles SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-26, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med DE cancellation rates; endometrium; fluid; hydrosalpinx; IVF ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; HYDROSALPINX FLUID; PREGNANCY RATES; ADVERSELY AFFECT; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; INFERTILE WOMEN; IGG ANTIBODIES AB BACKGROUND: Endometrial cavity fluid (ECF) is occasionally observed during assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles. However, few reports have described its prevalence or significance. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the relationships between ECF, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), tubal factor infertility and ultrasound-visible (USV) hydrosalpinges. In 843 ART cycles involving 721 patients, ECF was observed during stimulation in 57 cycles and after human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration in 12 cycles, with an overall incidence of 8.2% (69/843). When ECF was observed during stimulation, the cancellation rate due to poor ovarian response was significantly higher (29.8 versus 16.9%, P <0.05) and the CPR per started cycle was significantly lower (26.3 versus 42.4%, P <0.05) than cycles without ECF. When ECF developed after HCG administration, the CPR was similar compared with that of the group for which ECF was not observed. In the 327 cycles involving tubal factor infertility patients, USV hydrosalpinges were noted in 71 cycles (71/327; 21.7%), and ECF developed in five of those cycles (5/71; 7.0%). A total of 27 cycles during which ECF developed (27/57, 47.4%) involved non-tubal factor patients. CONCLUSIONS: ECF during stimulation was associated with increased cancellation rates and lower CPRs per started cycle, and was not associated with USV hydrosalpinges. Furthermore, ECF observed after HCG administration did not impact CPR and may represent a different clinical entity. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NICHHD, Pediat & Reprod Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Reprod Med Associates New Jersey, Morristown, NJ USA. RP Leondires, MP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, Room 2J06,Bldg 2,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2610 EP 2615 DI 10.1093/humrep/16.12.2610 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 501FP UT WOS:000172673200023 PM 11726583 ER PT J AU Tucker, JB Rao, MV Papanicolaou, NA Mittereder, J Elasser, A Clock, AW Ghezzo, M Holland, OW Jones, KA AF Tucker, JB Rao, MV Papanicolaou, NA Mittereder, J Elasser, A Clock, AW Ghezzo, M Holland, OW Jones, KA TI Characteristics of planar n-p junction diodes made by double-implantations into 4H-SiC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE aluminum; Boron; diode; ion implantation; Nitrogen; planar; Silicon Carbide; transient ID POWER DEVICES; BORON; ALUMINUM; SILICON AB Double implantation technology consisting of deep-range acceptor followed by shallow-range donor implantation was used to fabricate planar n(+) -p junction diodes in 4H-SiC. Either Al or B was used as the acceptor species and N as the donor species with all implants performed at 700 degreesC and annealed at 1650 degreesC with an AIN encapsulant. The diodes were characterized for their current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) behavior over the temperature range 25 degreesC-400 degreesC, and reverse recovery transient behavior over the temperature range 25 degreesC-200 degreesC. At room temperature, the B-implanted diodes exhibited a reverse leakage current of 5 X 10(-8) A/cm(2) at a reverse bias of -20 V and a carrier lifetime of 7.4 ns. C1 Gen Elect Corp Res & Dev, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. GE Co, Ctr Corp Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tucker, JB (reprint author), Gen Elect Corp Res & Dev, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 12 BP 2665 EP 2670 DI 10.1109/16.974687 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 511HZ UT WOS:000173259700002 ER PT J AU Braunisch, H Ao, CO O'Neill, K Kong, JA AF Braunisch, H Ao, CO O'Neill, K Kong, JA TI Magnetoquasistatic response of conducting and permeable prolate spheroid under axial excitation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE conducting and permeable prolate spheroid; electromagnetic induction; magnetic diffusion; magnetoquasistatics ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING MODEL; TIME-DOMAIN SIMULATION; GROUND PLANE; ARBITRARY ORIENTATION; DIELECTRIC CYLINDER; ROUGH-SURFACE; SYSTEMS; TARGETS; TRUNKS AB An analytical solution is presented for the problem of magnetic diffusion into and scattering from a permeable, highly but not perfectly conducting prolate spheroid under axial excitation, expressed in terms of an infinite matrix equation. The spheroid is assumed to be embedded in a homogeneous nonconducting medium as appropriate for low-frequency, high-contrast scattering governed by magnetoquasistatics. The solution is based on separation of variables and matching boundary conditions where the prolate spheroidal wavefunctions with complex wavenumber parameter are expanded in terms of spherical harmonics. For small skin depths, an approximate solution is developed that avoids any reference to the spheroidal wavefunctions. The problem of long spheroids and long circular cylinders is solved by using an infinite cylinder approximation. In some cases, our ability to evaluate the spheroidal wavefunctions breaks down at intermediate frequencies. To deal with this, a general broadband rational function approximation technique is developed and demonstrated. We treat special cases and provide numerical reference data for the induced magnetic dipole moment or, equivalently, the magnetic polarizability factor. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Erdc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Braunisch, H (reprint author), Intel Corp, Components Res, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. NR 64 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2001 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2689 EP 2701 DI 10.1109/36.975003 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 511ZK UT WOS:000173296500012 ER PT J AU Iskander, MF Zhang, ZJ Yun, ZQ Isom, RS Hawkins, MG Emrick, R Bosco, B Synowczynski, J Gersten, B AF Iskander, MF Zhang, ZJ Yun, ZQ Isom, RS Hawkins, MG Emrick, R Bosco, B Synowczynski, J Gersten, B TI New phase shifters and phased antenna array designs based on ferroelectric materials and CTS technologies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Microwave Symposium CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA DE antenna array; continuous transverse stub; ferroelectric material; microstrip; multilayer dielectrics; phase shifter ID SWITCHES AB As the search continues for low-cost and high-performance components for the front-end devices for wireless communications systems, sonic focus has been placed on exploring new and innovative designs based on ferroelectric technology. In this paper, we present new phase-shifter designs and an integrated phased-array antenna system based on the use of multilayer ferroelectric materials and the continuous transverse stub (CTS) technologies. Simulation results show that with the appropriate selection of the materials properties and the dimensions of the multilayer dielectric system, insertion losses may be reduced by as much as a factor of 100. These results also show that while only a slight reduction (15%) in the maximum achievable tunability was observed, it was possible to achieve significant improvement in impedance-matching characteristics. A procedure to enhance the radiation efficiency from an integrated ferroelectric/CTS phased antenna array design is described and specific array designs are discussed. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Motorola Labs, Phys Sci Res Lab, Millimeter Wave & Opt Design Lab, Tempe, AZ 85248 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Iskander, MF (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RI Zhang, Zhijun/K-4344-2012 OI Zhang, Zhijun/0000-0002-8421-2419 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2547 EP 2553 DI 10.1109/22.971648 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 502JG UT WOS:000172740000051 ER PT J AU O'Neil-Dunne, I Achur, RN Agbor-Enoh, ST Valiyaveettil, M Naik, RS Ockenhouse, CF Zhou, AN Megnekou, R Leke, R Taylor, DW Gowda, DC AF O'Neil-Dunne, I Achur, RN Agbor-Enoh, ST Valiyaveettil, M Naik, RS Ockenhouse, CF Zhou, AN Megnekou, R Leke, R Taylor, DW Gowda, DC TI Gravidity-dependent production of antibodies that inhibit binding of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to placental chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan during pregnancy SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL MALARIA; CYTOADHERENCE; SEQUESTRATION; PATHOGENESIS; CULTURE; AGE AB During pregnancy, Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes sequester in the placenta by adhering to chondroitin 4-sulfate, creating a risk factor for both the mother and the fetus. The primigravidae are at higher risk for placental malaria than the multigravidae. This difference in susceptibility has been attributed to the lack of antibodies that block the adhesion of infected erythrocytes to placental chondroitin 4-sulfate in primigravid women. However, recent results show that many primigravidae at term have antibody levels similar to those of multigravidae, and thus the significance of antiadhesion antibodies in providing protection against malaria during pregnancy remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed plasma samples from women of various gravidities at different gestational stages for antiadhesion antibodies. The majority of women, regardless of gravidity, had similar levels of antibodies at term. Most primigravidae had low levels of or no antiadhesion antibodies prior to similar to 20 weeks of pregnancy and then produced antibodies. Multigravidae also lacked antibodies until similar to 12 weeks of pregnancy, but thereafter they efficiently produced antibodies. In pregnant women who had placental infection at term, higher levels of antiadhesion antibodies correlated with lower levels of placental parasitemia. The difference in kinetics of antibody production between primigravidae and multigravidae correlated with the prevalence of malaria in these groups, suggesting that antibodies are produced during pregnancy in response to placental infection. The early onset of efficient antibody response in multigravidae and the delayed production to antibodies in primigravidae appear to account for the gravidity-dependent differential susceptibilities of pregnant women to placental malaria. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Univ Yaounde 1, Fac Med & Biomed Sci, Yaounde, Cameroon. Univ Yaounde 1, Ctr Biotechnol, Yaounde, Cameroon. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gowda, DC (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI35839, AI43888, AI45086, R01 AI045086, R21 AI045086, U01 AI043888] NR 31 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 69 IS 12 BP 7487 EP 7492 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.12.7487-7492.2001 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 494QP UT WOS:000172297600037 PM 11705924 ER PT J AU Gooch, WA Burkins, MS Walters, WP Kozhushko, AA Sinani, AB AF Gooch, WA Burkins, MS Walters, WP Kozhushko, AA Sinani, AB TI Target strength effect on penetration by shaped charge jets SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hypervelocity Impact CY NOV 06-10, 2000 CL GALVESTON, TEXAS AB A limit of the applicability of the hydrodynamic theory was determined for penetration into targets of finite strength. At impact velocities below a limiting velocity, the target strength cannot be considered negligible. The limiting velocity is dependent on the target hardness and density. For the high-hardness aluminum and titanium alloys used in this paper, the limiting velocity, about 3.0 km/s, was found to lie in the range of velocities typical of shaped charge jets. Penetration into the aluminum and titanium alloys by portions of the jet with velocities below 3 km/s was studied experimentally; the depths of penetration were found to be significantly smaller as compared to the hydrodynamic predictions. This deviation has been attributed to the target strength effect. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Gooch, WA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1-10 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(01)00083-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 510ZN UT WOS:000173237600024 ER PT J AU Meyer, HW Kleponis, DS AF Meyer, HW Kleponis, DS TI Modeling the high strain rate behavior of titanium undergoing ballistic impact and penetration SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hypervelocity Impact CY NOV 06-10, 2000 CL GALVESTON, TEXAS DE titanium; Johnson-Cook; Zerilli-Armstrong; CTH AB Titanium is an important candidate in the search for lighter weight armors. Increasingly, it is being considered as a replacement for steel components. It is also an important component in the application of ceramics to armor systems, especially in armor modules that are capable of defeating kinetic energy penetrators while sustaining little or no penetration of the ceramic element. The best alloy available today for ballistic applications is Ti-6A1-4V, an aerospace grade titanium alloy. The principal deterrent to widespread use of this alloy as an armor material is cost, and a significant portion of the cost is in processing. Consequently, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory undertook a program to study a particular lower cost processing technique [1]. The objectives of this work are to characterize the low-cost titanium alloy by generating constants for the Johnson-Cook (JC) and Zerilli-Armstrong (ZA) strength models, and to use and compare these two models in simulations of ballistic experiments. High strain rate strength data for the low-cost titanium alloy are used to generate parameters for the two models. The approach to fitting the JC parameters follows one previously used successfully to model 2-in thick rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) [2]. The approach to fitting the ZA parameters is based on a method described by Gray et al. [3]. The resulting model parameters are used in the shock physics code CTH [4] to model a Ti-6A1-4V penetrator penetrating a Ti-6A1-4V semi-infinite block at impact velocities up to 2,000 m/s. Similar experiments are performed, and the predictions of the two models are compared to each other and to the experimental results. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Meyer, HW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 16 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 7 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1-10 BP 509 EP 521 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(01)00107-5 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 510ZN UT WOS:000173237600047 ER PT J AU Walters, W Gooch, W Burkins, M AF Walters, W Gooch, W Burkins, M TI The penetration resistance of a titanium alloy against jets from tantalum shaped charge liners SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hypervelocity Impact CY NOV 06-10, 2000 CL GALVESTON, TEXAS AB Titanium alloys, notably Ti-6AL-4V, are known to provide high mass effectiveness against kinetic energy penetrators. However, the penetration effectiveness of titanium against shaped charge jets has not been investigated in detail. An experimental study was conducted with Ti-6A1-4V billets impacted by shaped charge jets formed from 100-mm, 42-degree conical shaped charge liners fabricated from tantalum. This work represents the first study of hypervelocity, high-density jet penetration into titanium alloys. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Terminal Effects Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Walters, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Terminal Effects Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1-10 BP 823 EP 830 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(01)00135-X PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 510ZN UT WOS:000173237600073 ER PT J AU Weber, K Holmquist, TJ Templeton, DW AF Weber, K Holmquist, TJ Templeton, DW TI The response of layered aluminum nitride targets subjected to hypervelocity impact SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hypervelocity Impact CY NOV 06-10, 2000 CL GALVESTON, TEXAS DE aluminum nitride targets; hypervelocity impact; layer number; PMMA interlayer; lateral tile size; confinement; depth-of-penetration test; penetration depth; target resistance; time-resolved observation; Lagrangian hydrocode; JH-2 ceramic model; numerical simulation AB This work presents both experimental and computational ballistic results of layered Aluminum Nitride (AlN) targets. An L/D = 6 tungsten penetrator is used to impact AlN targets at a nominal impact velocity of 2100m/s. The primary objective of this work is to determine the ballistic performance of layered ceramic targets to hypervelocity impact. Various layering configurations are investigated including separating the AlN ceramic layers by thin, low impedance, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). PMMA thicknesses of 1 mm, 0.5 mm and 0 mm are used. The number of AlN ceramic layers is also investigated. Target configurations of two, four, six, and twelve layers are considered. All targets consist of 76.2 mm of AlN. The experiments show that target resistance decreases when PMMA is added. Target resistance is also reduced when more layers are used. A secondary objective of this work is to evaluate the ballistic effect of reducing the lateral dimension of the ceramic tile (reduction in self-confinement). The experiments show reduced target resistance when the lateral tile size is decreased. Computations of selected experiments are presented to provide insight into the behavior of the AlN targets. The computations capture the effect of layering, PMMA separation and lateral tile size and provide insight into the behavior of the ceramic when used in these types of configurations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ernst Mach Inst, Fraunhofer Inst Kurzzeitdynam, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr Network CS, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Weber, K (reprint author), Ernst Mach Inst, Fraunhofer Inst Kurzzeitdynam, Eckerstr 4, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1-10 BP 831 EP 841 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(01)00136-1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 510ZN UT WOS:000173237600074 ER PT J AU Wilbeck, JS Herwig, SB Kilpatrick, JM Faux, DR Weir, RJ Hertel, ES Dutta, MK AF Wilbeck, JS Herwig, SB Kilpatrick, JM Faux, DR Weir, RJ Hertel, ES Dutta, MK TI Hypervelocity impact of spaced plates by a mock kill vehicle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hypervelocity Impact CY NOV 06-10, 2000 CL GALVESTON, TEXAS AB In support of the National Missile Defense (NMD) program, a series of Light Gas Gun (LGG) lethality tests were conducted at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC). A new projectile was designed for this test series that would be representative of aspects of a generic NMD system kill vehicle. A series of projectile development tests were performed during the design phase of the projectile. This paper reports the results from the second development shot, in which the projectile impacted normally against two thin aluminum target plates, spaced approximately 5.5 diameters apart. Results reported include the documentation of the damage to the first and second plates, the debris generated behind the first plate, and correlation of these with analytical and numerical predictions. Hydrocodes used for analyses included ALE3D, run by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and CTH, run by the Sandia National Laboratory. The purpose of the hydrocode analyses was to help in assessing the ability of these codes to predict the debris formation process and the target damage. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ITT Ind Inc, Adv Engn & Sci Div, Huntsville, AL 35802 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Space Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Wilbeck, JS (reprint author), ITT Ind Inc, Adv Engn & Sci Div, Huntsville, AL 35802 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1-10 BP 853 EP 864 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(01)00139-7 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 510ZN UT WOS:000173237600076 ER PT J AU Nindl, BC Kraemer, WJ Gotshalk, LA Marx, JO Volek, JS Bush, JA Hakkinen, K Newton, RU Fleck, SJ AF Nindl, BC Kraemer, WJ Gotshalk, LA Marx, JO Volek, JS Bush, JA Hakkinen, K Newton, RU Fleck, SJ TI Testosterone responses after resistance exercise in women: Influence of regional fat distribution SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE androgen responses; sex steroids; adiposity; strength training ID LOWER-BODY OBESITY; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; STRIATED-MUSCLE; FEMALE RUNNERS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; SEX STEROIDS; METABOLISM; HORMONES; MEN AB Regional fat distribution (RFD) has been associated with metabolic derangements in populations with obesity. For example, upper body fat patterning is associated with higher levels of free testosterone (FT) and lower levels of sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG). We sought to determine the extent to which this relationship was true in a healthy (i.e., non-obese) female population and whether RFD influenced androgen responses to resistance exercise. This study examined the effects of RFD on total testosterone (TT), FT, and SHBG responses to an acute resistance exercise test (ABET) among 47 women (22+/-3 years; 165+/-6 cm; 62+/-8 kg; 25+/-5 %BF; 23+/-3 BMI). RFD was characterized by 3 separate indices: waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), ratio of upper arm fat to midthigh fat assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ratio), and ratio of subscapular to triceps ratio (SB/TRi ratio). Skinfolds were measured for the triceps, chest, subscapular, mid-axillary, suprailaic, abdomen, and thigh regions. The ARET consisted of 6 sets of 10 RM squats separated by 2-min rest periods. Blood was obtained pre- and post- ARET. TT, FT, and SHBG concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Subjects were divided into tertiles from the indices of RFD, and statistical analyses were performed by an ANOVA with repeated measures (RFD and exercise as main effects). Significant (p less than or equal to .05) increases following the AHRET were observed for TT (similar to 25%), FT (similar to 25%), and SHBG (4%). With multiple regression analysis, anthropometric measures significantly predicted pre- concentrations of FT, post-concentrations of TT, and pre-concentrations of SHBG. The SB/TRi and MRI ratios but not the WHR, were discriminant for hormonal concentrations among the tertiles. In young, healthy women, resistance exercise can induce transient increases in testosterone, and anthropometric markers of adiposity correlate with testosterone concentrations. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Kinesiol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Hlth & Phys Educ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Penn State Univ, Noll Physiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ball State Univ, Human Performance Lab, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. Colorado Coll, Dept Sport Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. RP Nindl, BC (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; Newton, Robert/A-3466-2009 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; Newton, Robert/0000-0003-0302-6129 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1050-1606 J9 INT J SPORT NUTR EXE JI Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 11 IS 4 BP 451 EP 465 PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences GA 507HH UT WOS:000173020600006 PM 11915780 ER PT J AU Lentz, JJ Leek, MR AF Lentz, JJ Leek, MR TI Psychophysical estimates of cochlear phase response: Masking by harmonic complexes SO JARO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint 137th Meeting of the Acoustical-Society-of-America/2nd Convention of the European-Acoustics-Association CY MAR 15-19, 1999 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP Acoust Soc Amer, European Acoust Assoc DE masking; please; auditory filters; harmonic complexes ID HEARING-IMPAIRED LISTENERS; AUDITORY FILTER SHAPES; PERIOD PATTERNS; NORMALLY HEARING; NOTCHED-NOISE; TIME-DOMAIN; INNER-EAR; LEVEL; TONES; DISPERSION AB Harmonic complexes with identical component frequencies and amplitudes but different phase spectra may be differentially effective as maskers. Such harmonic waveforms, constructed with positive or negative Schroeder phases, have similar envelopes and identical long-term power spectra, but the positive Schroeder-phase waveform is typically a less effective masker than the negative Schroeder-phase waveform. These masking differences have been attributed to an interaction between the masker phase spectrum and the phase characteristic of the basilar membrane. To explore this relationship, the gradient of stimulus phase change across masker bandwidth was varied by systematically altering the Schroeder-phase algorithm. Observers detected a signal tone added in-phase to a single component of a masker whose frequencies ranged from 200 to 5000 Hz, with a fundamental frequency of 100 Hz. For signal frequencies of 1000-4000 Hz, differences in masking across the harmonic complexes could be as large as 5-10 dB for phase gradients changing by only 10%. The phase gradient that resulted in a minimum amount of masking varied with signal frequency, with low frequencies masked least effectively by stimuli with rapidly changing component phases and high frequencies masked by stimuli with more shallow phase gradients. A gammachirp filter was implemented to model these results, predicting the qualitative changes in curvature of the phase-by-frequency function estimated from the empirical data, In some cases, small modifications to the gammachirp filter produced better quantitative predictions of curvature changes across frequency, but this filter, as implemented here, was unable to accurately represent all the data. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lentz, JJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC 00626] NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1525-3961 J9 JARO JI JARO PD DEC PY 2001 VL 2 IS 4 BP 408 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s101620010045 PG 15 WC Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 506QB UT WOS:000172982300009 PM 11833613 ER PT J AU Balevicius, S Kiprijanovic, O Anisimovas, F Vengalis, B Zurauskiene, N Cimmperman, P Altgilbers, LL AF Balevicius, S Kiprijanovic, O Anisimovas, F Vengalis, B Zurauskiene, N Cimmperman, P Altgilbers, LL TI Ultra-fast fault current limiter based on La-Ca-MnO3 thin films SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Thin Film Deposition of Oxide Multilayers Hybrid Structures CY OCT 18-19, 2001 CL AUTRANS, FRANCE SP INORGTECH, Aixtron, Jipelec, AREPOC, INPGrenoble, Isere Conseil Gen AB A fast fault current limiter based on La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films and designed in the shape of a co-planar 50 Omega impedance transmission line is presented. The limiter is intended to protect the input circuits of high frequency Aide band electronic devices. The operation of this limiter is based on fast electroresistance phenomenon in manganites. The main behaviour of this phenomenon at temperatures close to its phase transition temperature T-m was studied. It was demonstrated that the specific resistance of the film decreases exponentially with increase of electric field. The experimental results of losses induced by the fault current limiter in a 50 Omega impedence transmission line or non-limiting and limiting, regimes are presented. The phenomenological relation between input and output voltage transients' amplitudes of transmission lines protected by such limiter is obtained. C1 Inst Semicond Phys, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. USA, Missile Def & Space Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Balevicius, S (reprint author), Inst Semicond Phys, Gostauto 11, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 2001 VL 11 IS PR11 BP 91 EP 95 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 522NV UT WOS:000173904200015 ER PT J AU Mitchell, KT Hollsten, DA White, WL O'Hara, MA AF Mitchell, KT Hollsten, DA White, WL O'Hara, MA TI The autogenous dermis-fat orbital implant in children SO JOURNAL OF AAPOS LA English DT Article ID ANOPHTHALMIC SOCKET; GRAFT AB Purpose: The autogenous dermis-fat graft orbital implant is one alternative for volume augmentation in the adult anophthalmic socket. We have reviewed our experience with dermis-fat grafts after primary enucleation in the pediatric population. Methods, We reviewed the clinic charts of all patients under 8 years of age who underwent primary enucleation combined with dermis-fat graft implantation. We assessed subsequent orbital growth by measuring lid and fissure symmetry, superficial soft tissue socket volume, prosthetic fit, and periorbital symmetry. All measurements were obtained by 2 of the authors. Results: Eight children had primary enucleations combined with a dermis-fat implant (Table 1). Age at the time of surgery ranged from 1 week to 8 years. Indications for enucleation were retinoblastoma (4), malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma (1), blind, painful eye secondary to trauma (2), or phthisis secondary to end-stage retinopathy of prematurity (1). Two patients were lost to follow up at 3 months and 6 months post enucleation. The remaining 6 patients had between 1 year and 6 years of follow up. All implants maintained appropriate volume allowing proper prosthetic fit and facial symmetry. Two children experienced excessive growth of their implants, managed by surgical debulking. Two children developed a central graft ulcer, managed by superficial revision and reclosure. Conclusions.-We have observed that dermis-fat grafts in pediatric primary enucleations demonstrate good maintenance of orbital soft tissue volume and periorbital symmetry. The complications of excessive dermis-fat growth or central ulceration were easily corrected. We feel this is a promising implant for the pediatric anophthalmic socket. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD USA. RP O'Hara, MA (reprint author), 3726 Hundred Oaks, San Antonio, TX 78217 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1091-8531 J9 J AAPOS JI J. AAPOS PD DEC PY 2001 VL 5 IS 6 BP 367 EP 369 DI 10.1067/mpa.2001.118870 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology; Pediatrics SC Ophthalmology; Pediatrics GA 508LN UT WOS:000173090400007 PM 11753257 ER PT J AU Lloyd, WC O'Hara, M AF Lloyd, WC O'Hara, M TI Malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma: Clinical-echographic-histopathologic correlation SO JOURNAL OF AAPOS LA English DT Article AB Introduction: Medulloepithelioma is a rare congenital intraocular neoplasm. The authors describe a case involving a 6-year-old girl who presented with leukocoria and an inflamed red eye. The important clinical and histopathologic features of this condition are reviewed in correlation with echographic findings. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Div Ophthalmol, F Edward Sch Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ophthalmol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP O'Hara, M (reprint author), 3726 Hundred Oaks, San Antonio, TX 78217 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1091-8531 J9 J AAPOS JI J. AAPOS PD DEC PY 2001 VL 5 IS 6 BP 395 EP 397 DI 10.1067/mpa.2001.118218 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology; Pediatrics SC Ophthalmology; Pediatrics GA 508LN UT WOS:000173090400012 PM 11753262 ER PT J AU Nakamura, H Luster, AD Nakamura, T In, KH Sonna, LA Deykin, A Israel, E Drazen, JM Lilly, CM AF Nakamura, H Luster, AD Nakamura, T In, KH Sonna, LA Deykin, A Israel, E Drazen, JM Lilly, CM TI Variant eotaxin: Its effects on the asthma phenotype SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eotaxin; single-nucleotide polymorphism; chemokines; human genetics; asthma ID MESSENGER-RNA; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; RECEPTOR CCR3; EXPRESSION; LUNG; IDENTIFICATION; CHEMOKINE; CELLS; HYPERRESPONSIVENESS AB Background: Eotaxin, a CC chemokine expressed in the asthmatic lung, has been associated with impaired lung function. The role of its variant form is unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study was to detect the population frequency and effects of a known single-nucleotide polymorphism in the eotaxin gene in which a threonine residue (THR23) is substituted for the wild-type alanine (ALA(23)) at the 23rd amino acid at the terminus of the peptide leader sequence. Methods: We measured eotaxin protein secretion in 293 cells transfected with expression vectors and in PBMCs obtained from individuals bearing the alternative forms of the gene. A case-control study of plasma eotaxin levels and eosinophil counts, a comparison of baseline lung function by genotype in a population of 806 subjects with asthma, and a comparison of the allele frequency with a nonasthmatic population were performed. Results: Human 293 cells and PBMCs with THR23 variant eotaxin secreted significantly less eotaxin protein than did ALA(23)-bearing cells. In the case-control study, THR23-THR23 individuals had lower plasma levels of eotaxin (310 [240-350] vs 420 [270-700] pg/mL; P < .05) and eosinophil counts (120 [5-220] vs 190 [110-470] cells/L; P < .05) than ALA(23)-ALA(23) subjects; heterozygous subjects had intermediate levels. Higher levels of lung function were associated with THR23 eotaxin (percent of predicted FEV1, 65% 3.5% [THR23-THR23] VS 58% 0.9% [THR23-ALA(23)] and 56% +/- 0.5% [ALA(23)-ALA(23)]; P < .05). Conclusion: The THR23 variant is associated with both decreased eosinophil counts and higher levels of lung function in subjects with asthma. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Resp, Combined Program Pulm & Crit Care Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Immunol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Med Sch, Charlestown, MA USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Lilly, CM (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Resp, Combined Program Pulm & Crit Care Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL/AI-64104]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 40618] NR 27 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 108 IS 6 BP 946 EP 953 DI 10.1067/mai.2001.120135 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 505WK UT WOS:000172938400010 PM 11742272 ER PT J AU Sandler, S AF Sandler, S TI War, technology, and experience aboard the USS Monitor. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Corps Engn, Spring Lake, NC USA. RP Sandler, S (reprint author), USA, Corps Engn, Spring Lake, NC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 88 IS 3 BP 1080 EP 1081 DI 10.2307/2700448 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 509JY UT WOS:000173145700056 ER PT J AU Bose, M AF Bose, M TI The fifty-year war: Conflict and strategy in the Cold War. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Bose, M (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 88 IS 3 BP 1149 EP 1150 DI 10.2307/2700526 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 509JY UT WOS:000173145700137 ER PT J AU Reeves, JT Zamudio, S Dahms, TE Asmus, I Braun, B Butterfield, GE McCullough, RG Muza, SR Rock, PB Moore, LG AF Reeves, JT Zamudio, S Dahms, TE Asmus, I Braun, B Butterfield, GE McCullough, RG Muza, SR Rock, PB Moore, LG TI Erythropoiesis in women during 11 days at 4,300 m is not affected by menstrual cycle phase SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE erythropoietin; ferritin; reticulocytes; red cell volume ID HIGH-ALTITUDE; SEX-HORMONES; VOLUME EXPANSION; CHRONIC HYPOXIA; BLOOD-VOLUME; EXERCISE; MEN; ACCLIMATIZATION; EXPOSURE; WEIGHT AB Because the ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone and estrogen, have higher blood levels in the luteal (L) than in the follicular (F) phase of the menstrual cycle, and because of their known effects on ventilation and hematopoiesis, we hypothesized that less hypoxemia and less erythropoiesis would occur in the L than the F phase of the cycle after arrival at altitude. We examined erythropoiesis with menstrual cycle phase in 16 women (age 22.6 +/- 0.6 yr). At sea level, 11 of 16 women were studied during both menstrual cycle phases, and, where comparison within women was available, cycle phase did not alter erythropoietin (n = 5), reticulocyte count (n = 10), and red cell volume (n = 9). When all 16 women were taken for 11 days to 4,300-m altitude (barometric pressure = 462 mmHg), paired comparisons within women showed no differences in ovarian hormone concentrations at sea level vs. altitude on menstrual cycle day 3 or 10 for either the F (n = 11) or the L (n = 5) phase groups. Arterial oxygen saturation did not differ between the F and L groups at altitude. There were no differences by cycle phase on day 11 at 4,300 m for erythropoietin [22.9 +/- 4.7 (L) vs. 18.8 +/- 3.4 mU/ml (F)], percent reticulocytes [1.9 +/- 0.1 (L) vs. 2.1 +/- 0.3% (F)], hemoglobin [13.5 +/- 0.3 (L) vs. 13.7 +/- 0.3 g/100 ml (F)], percent hematocrit [40.6 +/- 1.4 (L) vs. 40.7 +/- 1.0% (F)], red cell volume (31.1 +/- 3.6 (L) vs. 33.0 +/- 1.6 ml/kg (F)], and blood ferritin [8.9 +/- 1.7 (L) vs. 10.2 +/- 0.9 mug/l (F)]. Blood level of erythropoietin was related (r = 0.77) to arterial oxygen saturation but not to the levels of progesterone or estradiol. We conclude that erythropoiesis was not altered by menstrual cycle phase during the first days at 4,300-m altitude. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Reeves, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, MDB-131, Denver, CO 80262 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 91 IS 6 BP 2579 EP 2586 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 497YZ UT WOS:000172484200023 PM 11717222 ER PT J AU Belinskiy, BP Caithamer, P AF Belinskiy, BP Caithamer, P TI Energy of a string driven by a two-parameter Gaussian noise white in time SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PROBABILITY LA English DT Article DE stochastic wave equatiom energy; stochastic partial differential equations ID DAMPED VIBRATIONS AB In this paper we consider the stochastic wave equation in one spatial dimension driven by a two-parameter Gaussian noise which is white in time and has general spatial covariance. We give conditions on the spatial covariance of the driving noise sufficient for the string to have finite expected energy and calculate this energy as a function of time. We show that these same conditions on the spatial covariance of the driving noise are also sufficient to guarantee that the energy of the string has a version which is continuous almost surely. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Belinskiy, BP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, 615 McCalle Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU APPLIED PROBABILITY TRUST PI SHEFFIELD PA THE UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL MATHEMATICS STATISTICS, SHEFFIELD S3 7RH, ENGLAND SN 0021-9002 J9 J APPL PROBAB JI J. Appl. Probab. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 38 IS 4 BP 960 EP 974 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 526FZ UT WOS:000174120600012 ER PT J AU Behonick, GS Novak, MJ Nealley, EW Baskin, SI AF Behonick, GS Novak, MJ Nealley, EW Baskin, SI TI Toxicology update: the cardiotoxicity of the oxidative stress metabolites of catecholamines (aminochromes) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennual Medical Defense Bioscience Review CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 1998 CL HUNT VALLEY, MARYLAND DE catecholamines; metabolism; cardiotoxicity; oxidative stress; aminochromes; adrenochrome; adrenolutin ID OXIDIZED ISOPROTERENOL; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; RAT-HEART; ADRENOCHROME; PLASMA; PATHOGENESIS; FLUORESCENCE; ADRENOLUTIN; EPINEPHRINE; NECROSIS AB This toxicology update reviews the oxidative stress metabolites of catecholamines, postulated to be the biochemical initiators of cardiotoxicity. A brief overview of catecholamine metabolism is provided with several noteworthy historical observations relating to the autoxidation and rearrangement of epinephrine. The basic chemical and physical properties of adrenochrome and adrenolutin are discussed. The autoxidative, enzymatic and cellular basis for the transformation of catecholamines to oxidative metabolites is reviewed. Mechanisms seeking to account for the observed cardiotoxic changes in isolated heart perfusion studies and in vivo models are described. Published in 2001 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Baskin, SI (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 60 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 21 SU 1 BP S15 EP S22 DI 10.1002/jat.793 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 525LC UT WOS:000174070700005 PM 11920915 ER PT J AU Broomfield, CA Kirby, SD AF Broomfield, CA Kirby, SD TI Progress on the road to new nerve agent treatments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennual Medical Defense Bioscience Review CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 1998 CL HUNT VALLEY, MARYLAND DE nerve agents; scavengers; history; butyrylcholinesterase; mutagenesis; OPAHA; carbamates; carboxylesterase ID ANHYDRIDE HYDROLASE ACTIVITY; HUMAN SERUM PARAOXONASE; HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; PROTECTION; PROTEIN; ENZYME; SOMAN; MICE AB In the 50 years since nerve agents were developed a great deal has been learned about their acute toxicity, treatment and prophylactic strategies. However, the currently fielded treatments are not significantly different from those available at the end of World War II. Reasons for this lack of progress and strategies to circumvent those intrinsic problems that have impeded progress are discussed, with emphasis on the development of scavengers to be introduced as prophylactics that will significantly reduce the effective dose and thus protect against multiple times the normal LD50. Published in 2001 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Broomfield, CA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 21 SU 1 BP S43 EP S46 DI 10.1002/jat.804 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 525LC UT WOS:000174070700009 PM 11920919 ER PT J AU Capacio, BR Whalley, CE Byers, CE McDonough, JH AF Capacio, BR Whalley, CE Byers, CE McDonough, JH TI Intramuscular diazepam pharmacokinetics in soman-exposed guinea pigs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennual Medical Defense Bioscience Review CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 1998 CL HUNT VALLEY, MARYLAND DE anticonvulsant(s); seizure(s); pharmacokinetic(s); pharmacodynamic(s); guinea pig(s); electroencephalograph; EEG; diazepam; soman; nerve agent(s) ID INDUCED SEIZURE ACTIVITY; CONVULSIONS; PROTECTION; PATHOLOGY; PRETREATMENT; ATROPINE; ANIMALS; THERAPY AB Intramuscular (i.m.) diazepam is included by the US military as an anticonvulsant in the standard therapeutic regimen for organophosphorus nerve agent intoxication. In this study we investigated the pharmacokinetics of diazepam after i.m. administration while monitoring pharmacodynamic (electroencephalogram, EEG) data in sornan-exposed guinea pigs. Prior to experiments the animals were surgically implanted with EEG leads to monitor seizure activity. For the study, animals were administered pyridostigmine (0.026 mg kg(-1) i.m.) 30 min prior to soman (56 mug kg(-1), 2 X LD50; subcutaneously, s.c.), which was followed in 1 min by atropine sulfate (2 rug kg(-1) i.m.) and pralidoxime chloride (25 mg kg(-1) i.m.). All animals receiving this regimen developed seizure activity. Diazepam (10 mg kg(-1) i.m.) was administered 5 min after onset of seizure activity. Based on EEG data, animals were categorized as either seizure terminated or not terminated at 30 min after diazepam. Serial blood samples were obtained from each animal. Diazepam (10 mg kg(-1) i.m.) terminated seizure activity in 52% of the animals within 30 min. The pharmacokinetics were characterized by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. The maximum plasma concentrations (C-max) were 991 and 839 ng ml(-1) for seizure terminated and not terminated, respectively. Mean plasma concentrations of diazepam were significantly different (P < 0.05) for seizure terminated vs not terminated groups at 30 min. The plasma C-max in seizure-terminated animals in this study is similar to the minimum range of plasma diazepam (200-800 ng ml(-1)) reported to suppress seizure activity in humans. It has been reported in an earlier study that the minimum effective i.m. dose (0.1 mg kg-1) required to prevent soman-induced convulsions in Rhesus monkeys produces a mean C-max of 50 ng ml(-1) for diazepam. The data from our current study suggest that a higher dose (and corresponding C-max) is necessary to terminate ongoing seizure activity. Published in 2001 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Capacio, BR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 21 SU 1 BP S67 EP S74 DI 10.1002/jat.813 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 525LC UT WOS:000174070700013 PM 11920923 ER PT J AU Galbicka, G Ritchie, V Ferguson, J Didie, ER Doan-Wellons, Q AF Galbicka, G Ritchie, V Ferguson, J Didie, ER Doan-Wellons, Q TI Effects of advanced candidate anticonvulsants under two rodent models of 'counting' SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennual Medical Defense Bioscience Review CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 1998 CL HUNT VALLEY, MARYLAND DE behavior; aprophen atropine; azaprophen; benactyzine; biperiden; diazepam: procyclidine; scopolamine; trihexyphenidyl ID REINFORCEMENT LOSS; D-AMPHETAMINE AB The behavioral effects of a variety of advanced candidate anticonvulsants for organophosphate-induced seizures were evaluated under two rodent 'counting' models. Rats pressed the left of two levers a number of times (a 'run') before pressing the right lever. The targeted performance was a run of 12. The training contingency was a targeted percentile schedule, which provided food if the current run was closer to 12 than two-thirds of the most recent runs. Baseline performance was well controlled by the target, with mean run lengths slightly less than 12. Once this performance was acquired, half the subjects were switched to a procedure providing food following runs of different lengths with a probability yoked to previous percentile schedule performance. The two procedures generate comparable baseline performances, but behavioral disruptions generate reinforcement loss only under the yoked procedure. Atropine, scopolamine, azaprophen, aprophen, trihexyphenidyl, procyclidine, benactyzine, biperiden and diazepam were tested. All produced dose-related decreases in overall run length and response rate. Responding was disrupted more readily under the yoked procedure than under the percentile procedure. Only atropine affected responding at doses below those effective against soman-induced seizures. Of the present candidates, trihexyphenidyl, procyclidine, benactyzine and biperiden appear most promising for further development. Published in 2001 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neurobehav Assessment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Galbicka, G (reprint author), Aventis Pharmaceut Inc, US Lab Anim Sci Welfare, Route 202-206,POB 6800 Mail Stop M-003B, Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 21 SU 1 BP S109 EP S114 DI 10.1002/jat.809 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 525LC UT WOS:000174070700020 PM 11920930 ER PT J AU Gordon, RK Nigam, SV Weitz, JA Dave, JR Doctor, BP Ved, HS AF Gordon, RK Nigam, SV Weitz, JA Dave, JR Doctor, BP Ved, HS TI The NMDA receptor ion channel: A site for binding of huperzine A SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennual Medical Defense Bioscience Review CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 1998 CL HUNT VALLEY, MARYLAND DE huperzine A; glutamate; NMDA; calcium protection; ion channels; PCP; cholinesterase; receptors; neuroprotection ID INHIBITOR; AGENT AB Huperzine A (HUP-A), first isolated from the Chinese club moss Huperzia serrata, is a potent, reversible and selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) over butyryleholinesterase (BChE) (Life Sci. 54: 991-997). Because HUP-A has been shown to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, is more stable than the carbamates used as pretreatments for organophosphate poisoning (OP) and the HUP-A:AChE complex has a longer half-life than other prophylactic sequestering agents, HUP-A has been proposed as a pretreatment drug for nerve agent toxicity by protecting AChE from irreversible OP-induced phosphonylation. More recently (NeuroReport 8: 963-968), pretreatment of embryonic neuronal cultures with HUP-A reduced glutamate-induced cell death and also decreased glutamate-induced calcium mobilization. These results suggest that HUP-A might interfere with and be beneficial for excitatory amino acid overstimulation, such as seen in ischemia, where persistent elevation of internal calcium levels by activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate subtype receptor is found. We have now investigated the interaction of HUP-A with glutamate receptors. Freshly frozen cortex or synaptic plasma membranes were used, providing 60-90% specific radioligand binding. Huperzine A (:5100 muM) had no effect on the binding of [H-3]glutamate (low- and high-affinity glutamate sites), [H-3]MDL 105,519 (NMDA glycine regulatory site), [H-3]ifenprodil (NMDA polyamine site) or [H-3]CGS 19755 (NMDA antagonist). In contrast with these results, HUP-A noncompetitively (Hill slope < 1) inhibited [H-3]MK-801 and [H-3]TCP binding (co-located NMDA ion channel PCP site) with pseudo K-i similar to 6 muM. Furthermore, when neuronal cultures were pretreated with HUP-A for 45 ruin prior to NMDA exposure, HUP-A dose-dependently inhibited the NMDA-induced toxicity. Although HUP-A has been implicated to interact with cholinergic receptors, it was without effect at 100 muM on musearinic (measured by inhibition of [H-3]QNB or [H-3]NMS binding) or nicotinic [H-3]epibatidine binding) receptors; also, HUP-A did not perturb adenosine receptor binding [H-3]PIA or [H-3]NECA). Therefore, HUPA most likely attenuates excitatory amino acid toxicity by blocking the NMDA ion channel and subsequent Ca2+ mobilization at or near the PCP and MK-801 ligand sites. Thus, on the one hand, HUP-A could be used as a pretreatment against OPs and it might also be a valuable therapeutic intervention in a variety of acute and chronic disorders by protecting against overstimulation of the excitatory amino acid pathway. By blocking NMDA ion channels without psychotomimetic side-effects, HUP-A may protect against diverse neurodegenerative states observed during ischemia or Alzheimer's disease. Published in 2001 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gordon, RK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 7 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 21 SU 1 BP S47 EP S51 DI 10.1002/jat.805 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 525LC UT WOS:000174070700010 PM 11920920 ER PT J AU Koplovitz, I Schulz, S Shutz, M Railer, R Macalalag, R Schons, M McDonough, J AF Koplovitz, I Schulz, S Shutz, M Railer, R Macalalag, R Schons, M McDonough, J TI Combination anticonvulsant treatment of soman-induced seizure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennual Medical Defense Bioscience Review CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 1998 CL HUNT VALLEY, MARYLAND DE soman; guinea pigs seizures; anticonvulsants; diazepam; midazolam; benzodiazepines; biperden; scopolamine; trihexyphenidyl; procyclidine AB These studies investigated the effectiveness of combination treatment with a benzodiazepine and an anticholinergic drug against soman-induced seizures. The anticholinergic drugs considered were biperiden, scopolamine, trihexaphenidyl, and procyclidine; the benzodiazepines were diazepam and midazolam. Male guinea pigs were implanted surgically with cortical screw electrodes. Electrocorticograms were displayed continually and recorded on a computerized electroencephalographic system. Pyridostigmine (0-026 mg kg(-1), i.m.) was injected as a pretreatment to inhibit red blood cell acetyleholinesterase by 30-40%. Thirty minutes after pyridostigmine, 2 X LD50 (56 mug kg(-1)) of soman was injected s.c., followed 1 min later by i.m. treatment with atropine (2 mg kg(-1)) + 2-PAM (25 mg kg(-1)). Electrographic seizures occurred in all animals. Anticonvulsant treatment combinations were administered i.m. at 5 or 40 min after seizure onset. Treatment consisted of diazepam or midazolam plus one of the above-mentioned anticholinergic drugs. All doses of the treatment compounds exhibited little or no antiseizure efficacy when given individually. The combination of a benzodiazepine and an anticholinergic drug was effective in terminating soman-induced seizure, whether given 5 or 40 min after seizure onset. The results suggest a strong synergistic effect of combining benzodiazepines with centrally active anticholinergic drugs and support the concept of using an adjunct to supplement diazepam for the treatment of nerve-agent-induced seizures. Published in 2001 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Koplovitz, I (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 21 SU 1 BP S53 EP S55 DI 10.1002/jat.811 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 525LC UT WOS:000174070700011 PM 11920921 ER PT J AU Maxwell, DM Brecht, KM AF Maxwell, DM Brecht, KM TI Carboxylesterase: Specificity and spontaneous reactivation of an endogenous scavenger for organophosphorus compound SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennual Medical Defense Bioscience Review CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 1998 CL HUNT VALLEY, MARYLAND DE carboxylesterase; reactivation; organophosphorus; inhibition; specificity; ageing ID PHOSPHYLATED HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; ACTIVE-CENTER; PROTECTION; SOMAN; RESISTANCE; HYDROLASE; MONKEYS; BINDING; GORGE AB The ability of carboxylesterase (CaE) to act as a bioscavenger to provide protection against organophosphorus (OP) compounds has been demonstrated in several animal models. To further evaluate the effectiveness of CaE as a bioscavenger, the specificity and stoichiometry of the detoxication of OP compounds by rat plasma CaE were examined. The specificity of CaE was evaluated by determining the bimolecular rate constants for inhibition (k(i)) of CaE by a variety of OP compounds. CaE exhibited a broad specificity for neutral OP compounds with ki > 10(6) M-1 min(-1) for paraoxon, sarin, soman, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, and diphenyl p-nitrophenyl phosphinate. CaE exhibited poor reactivity (ki < 10(4) W min(-1)) with cationic OP compounds, such as echothiophate, VX, and iso-OMPA. The stoichiometry of CaE detoxication of OP compounds was evaluated by determining the rates of enzyme reactivation and ageing of OP-inhibited CaE. CaE exhibited no ageing after inhibition by any of the OP compounds, including soman. However, OP-inhibited CaE did exhibit spontaneous reactivation with reactivation rates that decreased as the size of the OP increased (i.e., VX > sarin > soman). The pH dependence of the spontaneous reactivation of sarin-inhibited CaE suggested that its reactivation was dependent on an amino acid residue with a pK(a) of 6.1, which is probably a histidine that is highly conserved in CaE but not in other esterases. Published in 2001 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Maxwell, DM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 24 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 21 SU 1 BP S103 EP S107 DI 10.1002/jat.833 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 525LC UT WOS:000174070700019 PM 11920929 ER PT J AU Miller, JK Lenz, DE AF Miller, JK Lenz, DE TI Development of an immunoassay for diagnosis of exposure to toxic organophosphorus compounds SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Medical Defense Bioscience Review CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 1998 CL HUNT VALLEY, MD DE immunoassay; chemical warfare agents; competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay; diagnosis; soman; sarin ID PARAOXON AB Currently, diagnosis of exposure to toxic low-molecular-weight compounds is effected by the use of chromatographic techniques. Such an approach is limited by the need for expensive equipment and sample clean-up before carrying out the analysis. To overcome those drawbacks, we have been involved in the development of an immunoassay for diagnosis of exposure to toxic organophosphorus compounds such as pinacolymethyl phosphonofluoridate (soman), which is a chemical warfare agent. Prior estimates suggested that it is necessary to be able to detect soman at a concentration below 2.5 x 10(-7) M. Using four previously developed monoclonal antibodies, an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was used to optimize assay conditions and identify the antibody with the highest apparent affinity. The minimum required assay time was 2.0-2.5 h with no loss in sensitivity. To determine the specificity of the highest affinity antibody, a competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay (CIEIA) was performed with six structural analogs of soman. The IC(50) values for these analogues were 5 x 10(-7) M for 4-nitrophenylpinacolylmethylphosphonate, 8 x 10(-7) M for dipinaeolyymethylphosphonate, 2 x 10(-6) M for diisopropylmethylphosphonate, 3 x 10(-5) M for 4-nitrophenylmethyl(phenylphosphinate) and 6.5 x 10(-7) M for 4-nitrophenylethyl(phenyl)phosphinate. 4-Nitrophenyl-di(n-butyl)phosphinate did not inhibit binding. Those inhibitors with branched alkyl side-chains, similar to the soman molecule, were effective inhibitors. Compounds, which contained predominately aromatic groups, were poor inhibitors. We are continuing to probe the binding specificity of the monoclonal antibody to determine its utility in further assay development. Our present results suggest that the antibody chosen may have the appropriate specificity and affinity for immunodiagnosis of exposure to soman. Published in 2001 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept OCBS, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lenz, DE (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 7 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 21 SU 1 BP S23 EP S26 DI 10.1002/jat.801 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 525LC UT WOS:000174070700006 PM 11920916 ER PT J AU Sipos, ML Burchnell, V Galbicka, G AF Sipos, ML Burchnell, V Galbicka, G TI Effects of selected anticholinergics on acoustic startle response in rats SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennual Medical Defense Bioscience Review CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 1998 CL HUNT VALLEY, MARYLAND DE startle; prepulse inhibition; anticholinergics; latency; cholinergic system ID NERVE AGENTS; DIAZEPAM; PRETREATMENT; PROTECTION; PATHOLOGY; ATROPINE; ANIMALS; THERAPY AB The present study compared the effects of the anticholinergics aprophen hydrochloride, atropine sulfate, azaprophen hydrochloride, benactyzine hydrochloride, biperiden hydrochloride, diazepam, procyclidine hydrochloride, scopolamine hydrobromide and trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride on acoustic startle response in rats. Peak startle amplitude, latency to peak startle amplitude and prepulse inhibition following 100- and 120-dB tones were recorded 15 min following drug administration in food-restricted rats. Aprophen, atropine, azaprophen, benactyzine, biperiden and scopolamine significantly increased peak startle amplitude and decreased latency to peak startle amplitude following 100- dB pulses. In contrast, only biperiden increased peak startle amplitude following 120- dB pulses, whereas atropine and trihexyphenidyl decreased latency to peak startle amplitude following 120-dB pulses. Benactyzine decreased prepulse inhibition following both 100- and 120-dB pulses, whereas both biperiden and scopolamine decreased prepulse inhibition following 120- dB pulses. Acoustic startle response measures were effective in differentiating the effects of anticholinergic compounds. The comparison of drug effects on the acoustic startle response may be useful in selecting efficacious anticholinergic drug therapies with a minimal range of side-effects. In addition, these data may be useful in down-selecting the number of anticholinergic drugs that need to be tested in comparison studies involving more complex behavioral tests. Published in 2001 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Adv Assessment Branch, APG, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neurobehav Assessment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sipos, ML (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Adv Assessment Branch, APG, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 21 SU 1 BP S95 EP S101 DI 10.1002/jat.821 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 525LC UT WOS:000174070700018 PM 11920928 ER PT J AU Smith, JR Shih, ML AF Smith, JR Shih, ML TI Analysis of the degradation compounds of chemical warfare agents using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennual Medical Defense Bioscience Review CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 1998 CL HUNT VALLEY, MARYLAND DE mass spectrometry; chemical warfare agents; thiodiglycol; phosphonic acids ID ALKYL METHYLPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLITES; IONIZATION AB The analysis of the degradation products of chemical warfare (CW) agents has been a challenge to analysts. The low volatility of these compounds makes them unsuitable for direct gas chromatography analysis without prior derivatization. Lack of a chromophore causes difficulties with classic detection methods after liquid chromatography separation. With the recent development of various interfaces that allow for the introduction of a liquid solvent stream into the mass spectrometer, the task of directly analyzing these compounds has become easier. For this report, we examined three different liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) interfaces for their suitability for the analysis of CW degradation compounds. The interface types examined were particle beam electron impact ionization (PBI), electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Several alkylphosphonates and thiodiglycol analogs that are produced from the degradation of organophosphorus nerve agents and sulfur mustard, respectively, were analyzed using each of the three techniques. Electron impact ionization following gas chromatography or particle beam introduction typically generates very reproducible, library-searchable mass spectra. Most of the CW breakdown compounds examined using the PBI interface did not produce a molecular ion. Despite the lack of a molecular ion, the mass spectra of the various compounds contained enough different structural information from fragment ions for the positive identification of each. The mass spectra generated using ESI are generally limited to protonated molecular ions with little or no fragmentation. For positive identification and confirmation, tandem mass spectrometry techniques quite often must be used. Many of the compounds in this study were characterized by prominent sodiated adducts along with the protonated molecular ion. Methylphosphonic acid produced protonated dimers, trimers, etc. Although the various adduct ions can be used for additional confirmation of the molecular weight of a compound, the adducts also can result in suppression of ionization of the compound and thus reduce sensitivity. Another 'soft' ionization technique that results in abundant protonated molecular ions is APCL The mass spectra of the breakdown compounds produced using APCI were characterized generally by either a prominent protonated molecular ion or a dehydrated form of it. In addition, a number of structurally significant fragment ions were observed and their relative abundances could be adjusted by altering the APCI conditions. The data presented here indicate that each of the three techniques can be used successfully for direct liquid introduction and analysis of the non-volatile compounds produced from the degradation of CW agents. The mass spectra produced using each technique are quite different and could be utilized as additional confirmation of compound identity. Published in 2001 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 21 SU 1 BP S27 EP S34 DI 10.1002/jat.802 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 525LC UT WOS:000174070700007 PM 11920917 ER PT J AU Smith, JR Shih, ML Price, EO Platoff, GE Schlager, JJ AF Smith, JR Shih, ML Price, EO Platoff, GE Schlager, JJ TI Army medical laboratory telemedicine: Role of mass spectrometry in telediagnosis for chemical and biological defense SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennual Medical Defense Bioscience Review CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 1998 CL HUNT VALLEY, MARYLAND DE telemedicine; chemical warfare agents; mass spectrometry; diagnostics AB An army medical field laboratory presently has the capability of performing standard protocols developed at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense for verification of nerve agent or sulfur mustard exposure. The protocols analyze hydrolysis products of chemical warfare agents using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Additionally, chemical warfare agents can produce alkylated or phosphorylated proteins following human exposure that have long biological half-lives and can be used as diagnostic biomarkers of chemical agent exposure. An analytical technique known as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) currently is being examined for its potential to analyze these biomarkers. The technique is capable of detecting large biomolecules and modifications made to them. Its fast analysis time makes MALDI-TOF/MS technology suitable for screening casualties from chemical or biological attacks. Basic operation requires minimal training and the instrument has the potential to become field-portable. The limitation of the technique is that the generated data may require considerable expertise from knowledgeable personnel for consultation to ensure correct interpretation. The interaction between research scientists and field personnel in the acquisition of data and its interpretation via advanced digital telecommunication technologies can enhance rapid diagnosis and subsequently improve patient care in remote areas. Published in 2001 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 21 SU 1 BP S35 EP S41 DI 10.1002/jat.803 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 525LC UT WOS:000174070700008 PM 11920918 ER PT J AU Walsh, MR AF Walsh, MR TI Tunneling system for the South Pole SO JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Tunnels have long been a part of specialized facilities found in Greenland and Antarctica, The low temperatures, severe windchill, drifting snow, and prolonged darkness these facilities experience necessitates the use of protective passageways for personnel and utilities. Several attempts have been made to develop subsurface tunneling systems, but technological challenges have limited these systems' effectiveness. In 1996, the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory deployed a subsurface tunneling system at the Amundsen-Scott South Pule Station for the Purpose of excavating a utilidor. This system successfully machined a 125-m-long tunnel in the highly compacted firn adjacent to the station. At a maximum depth of 16 m, the tunnel currently provides a controlled environment for the station's wastewater outfall line. In 2001, a 600-m tunnel was completed. This technical note describes the tunneling system, its use, and lessons learned. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engr Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Walsh, MR (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engr Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-381X J9 J COLD REG ENG JI J. Cold Reg. Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(2001)15:4(231) PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 493QC UT WOS:000172233500004 ER PT J AU Yeckel, A Derby, JJ AF Yeckel, A Derby, JJ TI Buoyancy and rotation in small-scale vertical Bridgman growth of cadmium zinc telluride using accelerated crucible rotation SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; convection; diffusion; fluid flows; accelerated crucible rotation technique; semiconducting II-VI materials ID CRYSTAL-GROWTH; CDXHG1-XTE CRYSTALS; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; ACRT; CDTE; CONVECTION; ZONE; THM AB Theoretical simulations of vertical Bridgman growth of cadmium zinc telluride are performed to study the effects of the accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT). The results indicate that thermal buoyancy has a dramatic effect on the flow, even in a relatively small system at high rotation rate, contrary to assertions made in recent papers by Liu et al. (J. Crystal Growth 219 (2000) 22). We demonstrate their prior results greatly overstate the effectiveness of ACRT at promoting mixing. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the ACRT rotation cycle considered here for a small-scale growth system actually suppresses mixing in the melt near the ampoule wall, resulting in diffusion-limited mass transport there. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Derby, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, 151 Amundson Hall,421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Derby, Jeffrey/B-9706-2009; OI Derby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6418-2155 NR 25 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC PY 2001 VL 233 IS 3 BP 599 EP 608 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)01601-3 PG 10 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 479AJ UT WOS:000171381500025 ER PT J AU Behnen, MJ West, LA Liewehr, FR Buxton, TB McPherson, JC AF Behnen, MJ West, LA Liewehr, FR Buxton, TB McPherson, JC TI Antimicrobial activity of several calcium hydroxide preparations in root canal dentin SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID ENDODONTIC TREATMENT; DISINFECTION; INFECTION; TUBULES; PASTES; TEETH AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of several calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)) preparations in root canal dentin infected with Enterococcus faecalis. Roots of extracted bovine incisors were prepared to standardized cylindrical test specimens of 5 mm in height; the smear layer was removed, and the specimens were incubated for 24 h at 37 degreesC in bacteriological culture medium that contained 7.0 x 10(4) colony forming units per milliliter of E. faecalis. The specimens were mounted in individual 4-mm diameter culture wells, and the test material was applied to fill the canal lumen. There were five treatment groups: group 1, a thick mixture of Ca(OH)(2) USP (1.0 g/ml H2O); group 2, a thin mixture of Ca(OH)(2) USP (0-1 g/ml H2O); group 3, Pulpdent TempCanal(TM) paste; group 4, sterile H2O (positive control); and group 5, 25 dentin specimens in sterile, uninoculated brain-heart infusion broth that were included as negative controls. Quantitative microbiological analysis of dentin at various depths was completed after 24 h. All groups showed a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in numbers of E. faecalis in all depths of dentin compared with the control. Groups 2 and 3 demonstrated significantly greater antimicrobial activity (73%-86% reduction) at all depths of dentin tested compared with group 1 (13%-26%) (p < 0.05). These results suggest that Ca(OH)(2) can decrease the numbers of E. faecalis at all depths of dentinal tubules within 24 h and that thin preparations of Ca(OH)(2) may be more effective in the elimination of E. faecalis from dentinal tubules than thick preparations. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Liewehr, FR (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 27 IS 12 BP 765 EP 767 DI 10.1097/00004770-200112000-00013 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 499MA UT WOS:000172573900013 PM 11771586 ER PT J AU Payton, P Webb, R Kornyeyev, D Allen, R Holaday, AS AF Payton, P Webb, R Kornyeyev, D Allen, R Holaday, AS TI Protecting cotton photosynthesis during moderate chilling at high light intensity by increasing chloroplastic antioxidant enzyme activity SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; cotton photosynthesis; chilling-sensitive plants; antioxidant enzymes; transgenic plants ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PLANTS; PHOTOINHIBITION AB This study examined the effect of increasing chloroplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), or glutathione reductase (GR) activity via plant transformation of cotton on the initial recovery of photosynthesis following exposures to 10 degreesC and high photon flux density (PFD). Growing wild-type or non-expressing segregate plants (controls) and transformants at two PFDs (600 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) and full sun) resulted in a range of total antioxidant enzyme activities. Total SOD activities above that for control leaves grown in full sun did not substantially improve the recoveries of CO(2)-saturated photosynthesis, especially for stress treatments lasting more than 1 h, while elevated APX or GR activity did improve recoveries after 1-3 h of the chilling treatment. No synergistic effects were noted when the activities of more than one antioxidant enzyme were elevated in transgenic hybrids. Although these results suggest that the protection of photosynthesis can be realized by reducing either superoxide or H(2)O(2) levels, thereby reducing the possibility of hydroxyl radical formation, the situation is complicated, since elevated APX or GR activity can improve recoveries even when additional SOD activity has no effect. In conclusion, to enhance the protection of photosynthesis using stroma-targeted antioxidant enzymes, enhancing metabolism associated with H(2)O(2) is more effective than enhancing the capacity for superoxide scavenging. Although small, the improvement in the protection of photosynthetic capacity may be sufficient to improve cotton yield in temperate regions with large diurnal temperature fluctuations. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Toxicol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Holaday, AS (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM bdash@ttacs.ttu.edu NR 37 TC 79 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 52 IS 365 BP 2345 EP 2354 DI 10.1093/jexbot/52.365.2345 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 496XC UT WOS:000172422800010 PM 11709584 ER PT J AU Koryak, M Hoskin, RH Reilly, RJ Stafford, LJ AF Koryak, M Hoskin, RH Reilly, RJ Stafford, LJ TI The impact of above grade sewerline crossings on the distribution and abundance of fishes in recovering small urban streams of the upper Ohio River Valley SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The distribution and abundance of fishes along four small urban streams in western Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia were examined. The water quality of three of these streams was moderately to severely degraded along various reaches. While resident fish communities in the degraded streams were depauperate, reaches with access were nonetheless routinely used by transient species from the nearby navigation system. Species richness and biomass of the fish communities dropped abruptly upstream of above grade, concrete-encased sewerline crossings. Similar abrupt declines in diversity and biomass were also apparent upstream of a sewerline crossing in a nondegraded stream with a high quality Fishery. Where access for transient fishes from larger downstream waters was denied, index of biotic integrity scores declined by 26% to 43%, and species diversity declined by 39% to 69%. Also, partly because of the tendency for the transients to be larger than resident fishes of small streams, there was a biomass reduction between downstream and upstream sites of 81% to 87%. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. RP Koryak, M (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 1000 Liberty Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 16 IS 4 BP 591 EP 598 DI 10.1080/02705060.2001.9663851 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 504ZH UT WOS:000172885900013 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, DS Simbulan-Rosenthal, CM Liu, WF Velena, A Anderson, D Benton, B Wang, ZQ Smith, W Ray, R Smulson, ME AF Rosenthal, DS Simbulan-Rosenthal, CM Liu, WF Velena, A Anderson, D Benton, B Wang, ZQ Smith, W Ray, R Smulson, ME TI PARP determines the mode of cell death in skin fibroblasts, but not keratinocytes, exposed to sulfur mustard SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caspase-3; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; sulfur mustard ID POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE GENE; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; ADP-RIBOSE SYNTHETASE; DNA-DAMAGE; NEUTROPHIL RECRUITMENT; MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; MICE RESISTANT; ATP DEPLETION; CYTOCHROME-C AB Sulfur mustard is cytotoxic to dermal fibroblasts as well as epidermal keratinocytes. We demonstrated that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) modulates Fas-mediated apoptosis, and other groups and we have shown that PARP plays a role in the modulation of other types of apoptotic and necrotic cell death. We have now utilized primary dermal fibroblasts, immortalized fibroblasts, and keratinocytes derived from PARP(-/-) mice and their wildtype littermates (PARP(+/+)) to determine the contribution of PARP to sulfur mustard toxicity. Following sulfur mustard exposure, primary skin fibroblasts from PARP-deficient mice demonstrated increased internucleosomal DNA cleavage, caspase-3 processing and activity, and annexin V positivity, compared to those derived from PARP(+/+) animals. Conversely, propidium iodide staining, PARP cleavage patterns, and random DNA fragmentation revealed a dose-dependent increase in necrosis in PARP(+/+) but not PARP(-/-) cells. Using immortalized PARP(-/-) fibroblasts stably transfected with the human PARP cDNA or with empty vector alone, we show that PARP inhibits markers of apoptosis in these cells as well. Finally, primary keratinocytes were derived from newborn PARP(+/+) and PARP(-/-) mice and immortalized with the E6 and E7 genes of human papilloma virus. In contrast to fibroblasts, keratinocytes from both PARP(-/-) and PARP(+/+) mice express markers of apoptosis in response to sulfur mustard exposure. The effects of PARP on the mode of cell death in different skin cell types may determine the severity of vesication in vivo, and thus have implications for the design of PARP inhibitors to reduce sulfur mustard pathology. C1 Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Int Agcy Res Canc, Unit Gene Environm Interact, Lyon, France. RP Rosenthal, DS (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 59 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 117 IS 6 BP 1566 EP 1573 DI 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01578.x PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 505FR UT WOS:000172903200033 PM 11886524 ER PT J AU Marovich, M Grouard-Vogel, G Louder, M Eller, M Sun, W Wu, SJ Putvatana, R Murphy, G Tassaneetrithep, B Burgess, T Birx, D Hayes, C Schlesinger-Frankel, S Mascola, J AF Marovich, M Grouard-Vogel, G Louder, M Eller, M Sun, W Wu, SJ Putvatana, R Murphy, G Tassaneetrithep, B Burgess, T Birx, D Hayes, C Schlesinger-Frankel, S Mascola, J TI Human dendritic cells as targets of dengue virus infection SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Montagna Annual Symposium on the Biology of Skin CY AUG 12-16, 2000 CL SNOWMASS, COLORADO DE hemorrhagic virus infects APC ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DISEASE SEVERITY; HUMAN-MONOCYTES; PATHOGENESIS; VIREMIA AB Dengue virus infections are an emerging global threat. Severe dengue infection is manifested as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, both of which can be fatal complications. Factors predisposing to complicated disease and pathogenesis of severe infections are discussed. Using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and ELISA techniques, we studied the cellular targets of dengue virus infection, at both the clinical (in vivo) and the laboratory (in vitro) level. Resident skin dendritic cells are targets of dengue virus infection as demonstrated in a skin biopsy from a dengue vaccine recipient. We show that factors influencing infection of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells are different. Immature dendritic cells were found to be the cells most permissive for dengue infection and maybe early targets for infection. Immature dendritic cells exposed to dengue virus produce TNF-alpha protein. Some of these immature dendritic cells undergo TNF-alpha mediated maturation as a consequence of exposure to the dengue virus. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NIH, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Marovich, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 13 Taft Ct,Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 26 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1087-0024 J9 J INVEST DERM SYMP P JI J. Invest. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 6 IS 3 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.00037.x PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 533FP UT WOS:000174519000011 PM 11924831 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JL Binn, LN Innis, BL Reynolds, RD Lee, T Mitchell-Raymundo, F Craig, SC Marquez, JP Shepherd, GA Polyak, CS Conolly, J Kohlhase, KF AF Sanchez, JL Binn, LN Innis, BL Reynolds, RD Lee, T Mitchell-Raymundo, F Craig, SC Marquez, JP Shepherd, GA Polyak, CS Conolly, J Kohlhase, KF TI Epidemic of adenovirus-induced respiratory illness among US military recruits: Epidemiologic and immunologic risk factors in healthy, young adults SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE respiratory disease; infection; epidemic; military ID ARMY TRAINEES; DISEASE; PREVENTION; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK AB Adenovirus (Ad)-induced acute respiratory illnesses resurged among civilian adults and selected military training populations in the United States during the late 1990s. We examined the epidemiologic and immunologic correlates of Ad-induced respiratory illnesses during a large outbreak at an Army basic training installation in southeast United States during a 9-day period in November 1997. A total of 79 recruits hospitalized with acute respiratory illnesses were evaluated during the outbreak period; confirmation of Ad infection by isolation of Ad-like cytopathic agents from throat cultures was detected in 71 (90%) of these patients. Serotyping of 19 (27%) of these 71 isolates identified the etiologic agent to be Ad type 4 (Ad4). In addition, 30 (81%) of 37 patients in whom paired sera were collected demonstrated significant increases (i.e., 4-fold or higher) in serum anti-Ad4 neutralizing antibodies. Anti-Ad4 immunity in new recruits was found to be very low (15 to 22%). A case-control study involving 66 of the 79 hospitalized cases and 189 non-ill controls from the same units was conducted. A lower risk of hospitalization for acute respiratory illnesses was documented for female recruits (odds ratio[OR] = 0.47, P < .05) whereas, a higher risk was noted for smokers (OR = 1.89, P < .05). Unit (training company) attack rates as high as 8 to 10% per week were documented and the outbreak quickly subsided after live, oral Ad types 4 and 7 vaccination was resumed in November 1997. Re-establishment of a military Ad vaccination program is critical for control of Ad-induced acute respiratory illnesses. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss Inc. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Clin Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. Moncrief Army Community Hosp, Prevent Med Serv, Ft Jackson, SC USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachmend, Amer Embassy Lima, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 710 EP 718 DI 10.1002/jmv.2095 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 489LY UT WOS:000171993900013 PM 11745936 ER PT J AU Karpov, KA Tegner, MJ Rogers-Bennett, L Kalvass, PE Taniguchi, IK AF Karpov, KA Tegner, MJ Rogers-Bennett, L Kalvass, PE Taniguchi, IK TI Interactions among red abalones and sea urchins in fished and reserve sites of northern California: Implications of competition to management SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Abalone Biology, Fisheries and Culture CY FEB 06-11, 2000 CL UNIV CAPE TOWN, CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA HO UNIV CAPE TOWN DE reserves; Hatiotis rufescens; Strongylocentrotus franciscanus; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus; competition; spatial exclusion; ecosystem-based management ID KELP FOREST COMMUNITIES; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-FRANCISCANUS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; HALIOTIS-RUFESCENS; SPATIAL VARIATION; RECRUITMENT; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; BIOLOGY AB Red abalones (Haliotis rufescens), red sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus), and purple sea urchins (S. purpuratus) share similar food and habitat requirements in northern California. Red abalones and red sea urchins also support important fisheries. Here we explore spatial interactions and apparent competitive effects among these species at an area where fishing has large impacts on both taxa, and at unfished reserve sites in which invertebrate density and food availability differ. There was an inverse con-elation between adult red abalone and red sea urchin abundance at the scale of our transects when density of either or both species was high. In the poorest habitat for macroalgae, red abalones seldom occurred on the same transects with red urchins. The results suggest that differences in density, depth, and food availability play an important role in the observed spatial patterns of red abalones and red sea urchins. Purple sea urchins were not correlated to either of the other two species' distributions. An intense fishery for red sea urchins appears to have had a positive effect on kelp availability, and abalone growth and abundance. Aerial photographs during the period of intense urchin fishing (from 1982 to 1989), showed a dramatic increase in the surface canopy. Similarly, during this period, size frequency distributions of fished red abalones show an increase in the number of individuals in larger size classes. Modal progression in abalone Size frequency distributions suggests a faster growth rate during this period when compared with a growth study, at the same location, conducted during the pre-urchin fishery years. Ultimately, red sea urchin removal apparently led to an increase in red abalone abundance even at a site that was heavily fished by recreational abalone fishers. Meanwhile, at a nearby reserve site where kelp populations are lower, red abalones have declined in abundance as red sea urchins increased. Our results suggest the need for multi-specie ccosystem-based approaches to management of these valuable resources. C1 Calif Dept Fish & Game, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Los Alamitos, CA 90720 USA. RP Karpov, KA (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHAMPTON, NY 11968 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 743 EP 753 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 520AZ UT WOS:000173758900025 ER PT J AU Akinfiev, NN Mironenko, MV Grant, SA AF Akinfiev, NN Mironenko, MV Grant, SA TI Thermodynamic properties of NaCl solutions at subzero temperatures SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pitzer equations; subzero temperatures; electrolyte solutions; Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers equation ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES; WATER; ELECTROLYTES; EQUATIONS; SYSTEM AB Heat capacities at infinite dilution of NaCl (aq) for the temperature range 0 to -25degreesC and apparent molar volumes at infinite dilution for 0 to -15degreesC have been estimated from a synthesis of experimental data collected at subzero temperatures. The parameters of the Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers (HKF) equation for Na+ (aq) have been obtained, from which the Gibbs energies of Na+ and Cl- have been calculated. The estimated values of Pitzer-equation parameters for thermal and activity-coefficient properties have been adjusted for subzero temperatures. The experimental phase diagram for the NaCl-H2O system could be reproduced with these data, demonstrating the low-temperature applicability of the HKF model to extrapolate thermodynamic properties of aqueous-solution species at infinite dilution. C1 Moscow State Geol Prospecting Acad, Dept Chem, Moscow 117873, Russia. VI Vernadskii Inst Geochem & Analyt Chem, Moscow 117975, Russia. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Akinfiev, NN (reprint author), Moscow State Geol Prospecting Acad, Dept Chem, Miklukho Macklaya St 23, Moscow 117873, Russia. OI Akinfiev, Nikolay/0000-0001-6049-3159 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1065 EP 1080 DI 10.1023/A:1014445917207 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 534AU UT WOS:000174563100003 ER PT J AU Pierson, JC Owens, NM AF Pierson, JC Owens, NM TI Pyogenic granuloma-like lesions associated with topical retinoid therapy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 US Mil Acad, Dermatol Serv, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Pierson, JC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dermatol Serv, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 45 IS 6 BP 967 EP 968 DI 10.1067/mjd.2001.117246 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 497AR UT WOS:000172431000033 PM 11712053 ER PT J AU Libow, LF Mawhinney, JP Bessinger, GT AF Libow, LF Mawhinney, JP Bessinger, GT TI Cutaneous Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: Report of a case and overview of the spectrum of cutaneous disease SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKIN; URTICARIA; DERMATOSIS AB Specific infiltration of the skin is a rare complication of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Cutaneous disease may also develop as a direct result of paraproteinemia and paraprotein specific antiepidermal autoimmune disease. We report a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia in whom cutaneous infiltration developed with a clonal population of lymphoplasmacytoid B cells, summarize previously reported cases, and review the spectrum of cutaneous disease associated with this hematologic malignancy. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Washington, DC USA. RP Libow, LF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 45 IS 6 SU S BP S202 EP S206 DI 10.1067/mjd.2001.103262 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 498VM UT WOS:000172531200004 PM 11712059 ER PT J AU Paul, AY Pak, HS Welch, ML Toner, CB Yeager, J AF Paul, AY Pak, HS Welch, ML Toner, CB Yeager, J TI Pseudocyst of the auricle: Diagnosis and management with a punch biopsy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AURICULAR PSEUDOCYST; ENDOCHONDRAL PSEUDOCYST; BILATERAL PSEUDOCYST; EAR AB A case of pseudocyst of the ear diagnosed and treated with a punch biopsy is reported. Pseudocyst of the ear is considered to be a benign, asymptomatic condition seen infrequently in clinical practice. Our patient is a 45-year-old white man who presented with a 5-month history of a painless nodule on his left auricle without any preceding history of trauma. Although many, treatments have been reported. none appear satisfactory, and many surgical treatment modalities are cumbersome. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of a case of a pseudocyst of the car confirmed and treated with a 3-mm punch biopsy of the inferior border of the pseudocyst, followed by a pressure bolster. C1 Philadelphia Coll Osteopath Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Pak, HS (reprint author), Darnail Army Community Hosp, Dermatol Serv, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 45 IS 6 SU S BP S230 EP S232 DI 10.1067/mjd.2001.103991 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 498VM UT WOS:000172531200014 PM 11712069 ER PT J AU Perich, MJ Sherman, C Burge, R Gill, E Quintana, M Wirtz, RA AF Perich, MJ Sherman, C Burge, R Gill, E Quintana, M Wirtz, RA TI Evaluation of the efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin applied as ultra-low volume and thermal fog for emergency control of Aedes aegypti in Honduras SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; ultra-low volume; thermal fog; emergency control; lambda-cyhalothrin AB An extended-duration formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin (Demand(TM) CS) applied as either an ultra-low volume (ULV) or thermal fog sprat from a new handheld sprayer (Terrier(TM)) against Aedes aegypti was evaluated in Honduras. Spray applications were made at the front door for 1 min or to each room for 15 sec. both for the ULV and thermal fog applications to houses in separate blocks for each treatment. The efficacy and duration of effectiveness of the spray was determined from sentinel caged mosquito mortality and collection of mosquitoes within houses with a backpack power aspirator. Sentinel caged mosquito mortality in both open and sequestered locations was 97-100% for all spray treatments, with control mortality less than 2%. Both ULV applications (front door and each room) provided 4 wk of significant control (P < 0.01) based on adult Ae. aegypti house collections. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Commun Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biometr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Ministerio Salud Publ, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. RP Perich, MJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 17 IS 4 BP 221 EP 224 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 552YC UT WOS:000175646800003 PM 11804457 ER PT J AU Boesch, HE Reiff, CG Benwell, BT AF Boesch, HE Reiff, CG Benwell, BT TI High-intensity infrasonic acoustic test system that uses a two-volume Helmholtz resonator SO JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The design, mathematical modeling, construction, and testing of an acoustic test system intended to support the performance of high-intensity acoustic effects experiments on large targets at low-sonic to infrasonic frequencies described. The system uses a compressed-air source based on automotive superchargers, a low-impedance airflow modulator, and a two-volume Helmholtz resonator test chamber to achieve sustained high-purity sinusoidal sound pressure levels in excess of 155 dB in a 2.5-m(3) test volume at frequencies from 2 to 20 Hz. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Directed Energy Technol, Sumerduck, VA 22742 USA. RP Boesch, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AUDIO ENGINEERING SOC PI NEW YORK PA 60 E 42ND ST, NEW YORK, NY 10165-2520 USA SN 0004-7554 J9 J AUDIO ENG SOC JI J. Audio Eng. Soc. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 49 IS 12 BP 1131 EP 1147 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 518KU UT WOS:000173668100001 ER PT J AU Elderkin, CL Klerks, PL AF Elderkin, CL Klerks, PL TI Shifts in allele and genotype frequencies in zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, along the latitudinal gradient formed by the Mississippi River SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE zebra mussels; allozymes; Mississippi River; population genetics; Dreissena polymorpha; leucine aminopeptidease; Lap ID CYTOPLASMIC MALATE-DEHYDROGENASES; POSSIBLE EXPLANATIONS; NATURAL-SELECTION; NORTH-AMERICA; ADAPTATION; TEMPERATURE; BIVALVE; GROWTH; LOCI; DIFFERENTIATION AB We sampled 7 populations of zebra mussels along a latitudinal gradient in the Mississippi River. We scored 6 allozyme loci for all individuals using cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis and estimated heterozygosity of, and genetic variation among, populations. There were relatively large genetic differences among populations at the leucine aminopeptidease (Lap) locus (theta = 0.0673, 95% CI: 0.0005-0.037). Allele frequencies differed significantly among sampling sites at 2 of 6 loci (Lap p = 0.001, manose phosphate isomerase [Mpi] p = 0.004), and the same results were observed for genotype frequencies (Lap p = 0.003, Mpi p = 0.001). A Mantel's test indicated a significant correlation between geographic distance and genetic distance at the Lap locus (Mantel's r = 0.649, p = 0.03). We interpret these results to indicate that nonrandom factors such as selection may be acting on the LW locus or on linked genes. In the Mississippi River, gene flow would tend to balance allele frequencies among populations. Therefore, selection would have to be strong enough to overcome recruitment from upriver populations. C1 Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Elderkin, CL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Zool, 212 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RI Klerks, Paul/B-6135-2011 OI Klerks, Paul/0000-0001-9895-5144 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 20 IS 4 BP 595 EP 605 DI 10.2307/1468090 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 498NK UT WOS:000172517400007 ER PT J AU Coursey, JW Morey, AF McAninch, JW Summerton, DJ Secrest, C White, P Miller, K Pieczonka, C Hochberg, D Armenakas, N AF Coursey, JW Morey, AF McAninch, JW Summerton, DJ Secrest, C White, P Miller, K Pieczonka, C Hochberg, D Armenakas, N TI Erectile function after anterior urethroplasty SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE penis; urethra; questionnaires; penile erection ID DYSFUNCTION; COMPLICATIONS; RESECTION AB Purpose: We ascertained the impact of anterior urethroplasty on male sexual function. Materials and Methods: A validated questionnaire was mailed to 200 men who underwent anterior urethroplasty to evaluate postoperative sexual function. Questions addressed the change in erect penile length and angle, patient satisfaction with erection, preoperative and postoperative coital frequency, and change in erection noted by the sexual partner. Results were stratified by the urethral reconstruction method, namely anastomosis, buccal mucosal graft, penile flap and all others, and compared with those in a similar group of men who underwent circumcision only. Results: Of the 200 men who underwent urethroplasty 152 who were 17 to 83 years old (mean age 45.7) completed the questionnaire. Average followup was 36 months (range 3 to 149). Overall there was a similar incidence of sexual problems after urethroplasty and circumcision. Penile skin flap urethroplasty was associated with a slightly higher incidence of impaired sexual function than other procedures (p >0.05). Men with a longer stricture were most likely to report major changes in erectile function and penile length (p <0.05) but improvement was evident with time in 61.8%. Conclusions: Overall anterior urethral reconstruction appears no more likely to cause longterm postoperative sexual dysfunction than circumcision. Men with a long stricture may be at increased risk for transient erectile changes. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Mississippi Urol Clin, P L L C, Jackson, MS USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Lenox Hill Hosp, Urol Sect, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP McAninch, JW (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, Urol Serv, 1001 Portrero Ave,3A18, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. NR 15 TC 69 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 166 IS 6 BP 2273 EP 2276 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65549-8 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 491WW UT WOS:000172133900069 PM 11696750 ER PT J AU Pushko, P Geisbert, J Parker, M Jahrling, P Smith, J AF Pushko, P Geisbert, J Parker, M Jahrling, P Smith, J TI Individual and bivalent vaccines based on alphavirus replicons protect guinea pigs against infection with Lassa and Ebola viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN GENE; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION; CHALLENGE; PRIMATES AB Lassa and Ebola viruses cause acute, often fatal, hemorrhagic fever diseases, for which no effective vaccines are currently available. Although lethal human disease outbreaks have been confined so far to sub-Saharan Africa, they also pose significant epidemiological concern worldwide as demonstrated by several instances of accidental importation of the viruses into North America and Europe. In the present study, we developed experimental individual vaccines for Lassa virus and bivalent vaccines for Lassa and Ebola viruses that are based on an RNA replicon vector derived from an attenuated strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. The Lassa and Ebola virus genes were expressed from recombinant replicon RNAs that also encoded the replicase function and were capable of efficient intracellular self-amplification. For vaccinations, the recombinant replicons were incorporated into virus-like replicon particles. Guinea pigs vaccinated with particles expressing Lassa virus nucleoprotein or glycoprotein genes were protected from lethal challenge with Lassa virus. Vaccination with particles expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein gene also protected the animals from lethal challenge with Ebola virus. In order to evaluate a single vaccine protecting against both Lassa and Ebola viruses, we developed dual-expression particles that expressed glycoprotein genes of both Ebola and Lassa viruses. Vaccination of guinea pigs with either dual-expression particles or with a mixture of particles expressing Ebola and Lassa virus glycoprotein genes protected the animals against challenges with Ebola and Lassa viruses. The results showed that immune responses can be induced against multiple vaccine antigens coexpressed from an alphavirus replicon and suggested the possibility of engineering multivalent vaccines based upon alphavirus vectors for arenaviruses, filoviruses, and possibly other emerging pathogens. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Pushko, P (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 35 TC 87 Z9 97 U1 70 U2 78 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 75 IS 23 BP 11677 EP 11685 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.23.11677-11685.2001 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 490CP UT WOS:000172033100044 PM 11689649 ER PT J AU Heffner, TS Rentsch, JR AF Heffner, TS Rentsch, JR TI Organizational commitment and social interaction: A multiple constituencies approach SO JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE organizational commitment; workgroup commitment; social interaction; nested constituencies; affective commitment; full-time employees ID EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT; ATTACHMENTS; BASES; FOCI AB A model of organizational commitment is presented proposing that social interaction influences affective commitment. Employing a multiple constituencies approach, it was hypothesized that work group social interaction would influence work group affective commitment. Further, department social interaction and work group affective commitment would independently influence department affective commitment. Similarly, organizational interaction and department affective commitment would independently influence organizational affective commitment. The model was tested using survey responses from 154 employees. The path analytic results supported the hypothesized relationships between social interaction and affective commitment, Comparative analyses showed the employee's focus of commitment was significantly related to differences between affective and continuance commitment. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USA, Inst Res, Alexandria, VA USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Management, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Heffner, TS (reprint author), USA, Inst Res, 5001 Eisenhower Ave,Room 6S26G, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0001-8791 J9 J VOCAT BEHAV JI J. Vocat. Behav. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 59 IS 3 BP 471 EP 490 DI 10.1006/jvbe.2001.1808 PG 20 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 508YW UT WOS:000173118200011 ER PT J AU Zaucha, GM Jahrling, PB Geisbert, TW Swearengen, JR Hensley, L AF Zaucha, GM Jahrling, PB Geisbert, TW Swearengen, JR Hensley, L TI The pathology of experimental aerosolized monkeypox virus infection in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS; BONE-MARROW; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; SKIN; REEMERGENCE; ZAIRE AB Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were exposed by fine-particle aerosol to lethal doses of monkeypox virus, Zaire strain. Death, attributable to fibrinonecrotic bronchopneumonia, occurred 9 to 17 days postexposure. Lower airway epithelium served as the principal target for primary infection. The relative degree of involvement among lymphoid tissues suggested that tonsil, mediastinal, and mandibular lymph nodes were also infected early in the course of the disease, and may have served as additional, although subordinate, sites of primary replication. The distribution of lesions was consistent with lymphatogenous spread to the mediastinal lymph nodes and systemic dissemination of the virus through a monocytic cell-associated viremia. This resulted in lesions affecting other lymph nodes, the thymus, spleen, skin, oral mucosa, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive system. The mononuclear phagocyte/dendritic cell system was the principal target within lymphoid tissues and may also have provided the means of entry into other systemic sites. Hepatic involvement was uncommon. Lesions at all affected sites were characterized morphologically as necrotizing. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining of select lesions suggested that cell death within lymphoid and epithelial tissues was due in large part to apoptosis. Skin and mucosal surfaces of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts also exhibited variable proliferation of epithelial cells and subjacent fibroblasts. Epithelial intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, consistent with Guarnieri bodies, were usually inconspicuous by light microscopy, but when present, were most readily apparent in the stratified squamous epithelium of the oral mucosa and epidermis. Multinucleated syncytial cells were also occasionally observed in the stratified squamous epithelium of the tongue, tonsil, and skin, and in the intestinal mucosa. Monkeypox virus antigen was readily demonstrated by immunohistochemistry using anti-vaccinia mouse polyclonal antibodies as well as anti-monkeypox rabbit polyclonal antibodies. Detectable poxviral antigen was limited to sites exhibiting obvious morphologic involvement and was most prominent within epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts of affected tissues. The presence of poxviral antigen, as determined by immunohistochemistry, correlated with ultrastructural identification of replicating virus. Concurrent bacterial septicemia, present in one monkey, was associated with increased dissemination of the virus to the liver, spleen, and bone marrow and resulted in a more rapidly fatal clinical course. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Headquarters, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Vet Med Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Zaucha, GM (reprint author), 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 69 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1581 EP 1600 PG 20 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 505JP UT WOS:000172909900001 PM 11742030 ER PT J AU Tsokos, GC AF Tsokos, GC TI A disease with a complex pathogenesis SO LANCET LA English DT Article C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Rheumatol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Bldg 503, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC PY 2001 SU S BP S65 EP S65 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 505HK UT WOS:000172907200065 ER PT J AU Noordzij, JP Khidr, A Evans, BA Desper, E Mittal, RK Reibel, JF Levine, PA AF Noordzij, JP Khidr, A Evans, BA Desper, E Mittal, RK Reibel, JF Levine, PA TI Evaluation of omeprazole in the treatment of reflux laryngitis: A prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Western Section of the Trilogical Society CY MAY 16, 2001 CL DESERT SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA SP Triogical Soc, Western Sect DE reflux laryngitis; gastro-esophageal reflux disease; hoarseness; omeprazole; proton-pump inhibitor ID GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; MANIFESTATIONS; HOARSENESS; DISEASE; ACID AB Objectives: Proton-pump inhibitors are often recommended in the treatment of laryngitis secondary to gastric reflux. Despite prospective treatment studies reporting high efficacy, only one previous report has been placebo-controlled and blinded. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of omeprazole in treating proven reflux laryngitis. Study Design. Prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Methods: Fifty-three patients with one or more reflux laryngitis symptoms were recruited to undergo 24-hour dual-channel pH probe testing. Thirty patients with more than four episodes of laryngopharyngeal reflux were enrolled. By random assignment, 15 patients received 40 mg omeprazole twice a day and the other 15 received placebo for a period of 2 months. Symptoms (hoarseness, throat pain, lump in throat sensation, throat clearing, cough, excessive phlegm, dysphagia, odynophagia, and heartburn) and endoscopic laryngeal signs (erythema, edema, and mucus accumulation) were recorded initially, at 1 month, and 2 months. Results. In general, most symptom scores improved over time for both the omeprazole and placebo groups. Hoarseness, when patients begin with low hoarseness symptom scores, and throat clearing improved significantly more in patients on omeprazole than in those on placebo during the 2-month study. Throat pain, lump in throat sensation, excessive phlegm, difficulty swallowing, pain with swallowing, and heartburn showed improvement in both treatment arms, signifying the possibility of a placebo effect. Endoscopic laryngeal signs did not change significantly over the course of the study for either treatment group. Conclusions. A placebo effect appears to exist in the treatment of reflux laryngitis. However, hoarseness, when initially scored low, and throat clearing resulting from reflux laryngitis are effectively treated by omeprazole. C1 Univ Virginia, Hlth Syst, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Charlottesville, VA USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Syst, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Charlottesville, VA USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Syst, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Noordzij, JP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6825 16th St NW,Bldg 2 ENT, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 107 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD DEC PY 2001 VL 111 IS 12 BP 2147 EP 2151 DI 10.1097/00005537-200112000-00013 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 499VM UT WOS:000172591100013 PM 11802014 ER PT J AU Cote, CR Goff, J Barry, P Casler, J AF Cote, CR Goff, J Barry, P Casler, J TI The prevalence of occult carotid artery stenosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE carotid artery stenosis; head and neck; squamous cell carcinoma; prevalence ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; STROKE; DISEASE; RADIOTHERAPY; SURGERY AB Objectives/Hypothesis: Risk factors for atherosclerotic carotid artery disease (ASCAD) and squamous; cell carcinoma of the head and neck region (HNSCCA) are similar. This study was conducted to determine whether patients with HNSCCA have an increased rate of occult ASCAD compared with the general population. Study Design: A cross-sectional study was performed to identify the prevalence of clinically significant ASCAD in the specific population of patients with a diagnosis of HNSCCA using noninvasive color flow duplex imaging. In addition, the demographic variables and risk factors for head and neck cancer and for carotid disease, as identified in the literature, were recorded with the use of a questionnaire. Methods: Forty-nine patients with a diagnosis of HNSCCA completed the questionnaire and then had a duplex screening examination. Results: The most common risk factor identified was tobacco smoking in 41 of 49 patients (84%). ASCAD was identified in one patient (2%). The stenosis in that patient was less than 60%. Conclusions: We conclude from this study that even though patients with HNSCCA usually have risk factor(s) associated with ASCAD, the rate of occult ASCAD was not different from that found in the general population. Thus, routine screening of patients with HNSCCA with color flow duplex imaging to detect occult ASCAD is not warranted. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vasc Surg Sect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cote, CR (reprint author), 3910 Lawrence Ave, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD DEC PY 2001 VL 111 IS 12 BP 2214 EP 2217 DI 10.1097/00005537-200112000-00027 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 499VM UT WOS:000172591100027 PM 11802028 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI The last days of St. Pierre: The volcanic disaster that claimed thirty thousand lives. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 126 IS 20 BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 501MP UT WOS:000172688700196 ER PT J AU Arciero, PJ Hannibal, NS Nindl, BC Gentile, CL Hamed, J Vukovich, MD AF Arciero, PJ Hannibal, NS Nindl, BC Gentile, CL Hamed, J Vukovich, MD TI Comparison of creatine ingestion and resistance training on energy expenditure and limb blood flow SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION; MONOHYDRATE INGESTION; MUSCLE METABOLISM; MUSCULAR STRENGTH; REPEATED BOUTS; SUPPLEMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; EXERCISE; MEN; HUMANS AB This study determined the effects of 28 days of oral creatine ingestion (days 1 to 5 = 20g/d; [5 g 4 times daily]: days 6 to 28 = 10 g/d; [5 g twice daily]) alone and with resistance training (5 hours/week) on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition, muscular strength (1RM), and limb blood flow (LBF). Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 30 healthy male volunteers (21 +/-3 years; 18 to 30 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups; pure creatine monohydrate alone (Cr; n=10), creatine plus resistance training (Cr-RT; n=10), or placebo plus resistance training (P-RT; n=10). Body composition (DEXA, Lunar DPX-IQ), body mass, bench, and leg press 1RM (isotonic), RMR (indirect calorimetry; ventilated hood), and forearm and calf LBF (venous occlusive plethysmography) were obtained on all 30 subjects on 3 occasions beginning at approximately 6:00 AM following an overnight fast and 24 hours removed from the last training session; baseline (day 0), and 7 days and 29 days following the interventions. No differences existed among groups at baseline for any of the variables measured. Following the 28-day interventions, body mass (Cr, 73.9 +/- 11.5 v 75.6 +/- 12.5 kg; Cr-RT, 78.8 +/-6.7 v 80.8 +/-6.8 kg; P<.01) and total body water (Cr, 40.46.8 v 42.6 +/-7.2 L, 5.5%; Cr-RT, 40.6 +/-2.4 v 42.3 +/-2.2 L, 4.3%; P<.01) increased significantly in Cr and Cr-RT, but remained unchanged in P-RT, whereas, fat-free mass (FFM) increased significantly in Cr-RT (632.8 v 64.7 +/-3.6 kg; P<.01) and showed a tendency to increase in Cr (58.18.1 v 59 +/-8.8 kg; P=.07). Following the 28-day period, all groups significantly increased (P<.01) bench (Cr, 77.34 v 83.2 +/-3.6 kg; Cr-RT, 76.8 +/-4.5 v 90.5 +/-4.5 kg; P-RT, 76.0 +/-3.4 v 85.5 +/-3.2 kg), and leg press (Cr, 205.5 +/- 14.5 v 238.6 +/- 13.2 kg; Cr-RT, 167.7 +/- 13.2 v 238.6 +/- 17.3 kg; P-RT, 200.5 +/-9.5 v 255 +/- 13.2 kg) 1RM muscular strength. However, Cr-RT improved significantly more (P<.05) on the leg press IRM than Cr and P-RT and the bench press 1RM than Cr (P<.01). Calf (30%) and forearm (38%) LBF increased significantly (P<.05) in the Cr-RT, but remained unchanged in the Cr and P-RT groups following the supplementation period. RMR expressed on an absolute basis was increased in the Cr (1,860.1164.9 v 1,907 +/- 173.4 kcal/d, 2.5%; P<.05) and Cr-RT (1,971.4171.8 v 2,085.7 +/- 183.6 kcal/d, 5%; P<.05), but remained unchanged from baseline in P-RT. Total cholesterol decreased significantly in Cr-RT (-9.9%; 17227 v 155 +/- 26 mg/dL; P<.01) compared with Cr (17446 v 178 +/- 43 mg/dL) and P-RT (162 +/- 32 v 161 +/- 36 mg/dL) following the 28-day intervention. These findings suggest that the addition of creatine supplementation to resistance training significantly increases total and fat-free body mass, muscular strength, peripheral blood flow, and resting energy expenditure and improves blood cholesterol. Copyright (C) 2001 by WB. Saunders Company. C1 Skidmore Coll, Dept Exercise Sci, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hlth Phys Educ & Recreat, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Arciero, PJ (reprint author), Skidmore Coll, Dept Exercise Sci, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 50 IS 12 BP 1429 EP 1434 DI 10.1053/meta.2001.28159 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 500NA UT WOS:000172632600009 PM 11735088 ER PT J AU Burgess, HL AF Burgess, HL TI Waging modern war SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review AB Future battlefields are more likely to resemble Kosovo than the Iraqi desert. There will be clouds, vegetation, villages and cities, and civilians whom we don't want to harm. There will be environmental hazards like toxic chemical or nuclear storage to limit our strikes. And there will be laws, journalists, and widespread public visibility of actions.(3) C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Burgess, HL (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Charlottesville, VA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 170 BP 206 EP 214 PG 9 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 519NX UT WOS:000173733300007 ER PT J AU Crudo, DF Callahan, CW AF Crudo, DF Callahan, CW TI Uniformed pediatricians and humanitarian assistance SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, MCHK, PE, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Crudo, DF (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, MCHK, PE, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 166 IS 12 BP 1031 EP 1032 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DJ UT WOS:000181419700003 ER PT J AU Roy, MJ Perkins, JG Roy, MJ Bolan, CD Phillips, YY AF Roy, MJ Perkins, JG Roy, MJ Bolan, CD Phillips, YY TI Operational experiences during medical residency: Perspectives from the Walter Reed Army Medical Center Department of Medicine SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CURRICULUM AB The preparation of military primary care physicians for practice in operational environments has taken on greater importance during the past decade. The Department of Defense military-unique curriculum identifies the elements that should be incorporated into residency training programs to accomplish comprehensive training in operational matters. We describe efforts to integrate the military-unique curriculum into internal medicine residency, including obstacles encountered, so that other programs may learn from our experience. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIH, Dept Transfus Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. SE Permanente Med Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Roy, MJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 166 IS 12 BP 1038 EP 1045 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DJ UT WOS:000181419700005 ER PT J AU Doyle, ME Hicks, D Aronson, NE AF Doyle, ME Hicks, D Aronson, NE TI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and isoniazid: Evidence of a potential adverse interaction SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FLUOXETINE; ANTIDEPRESSANTS AB Background: Recognizing a potential interaction between isoniazid (INH), a weak monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), we assessed medication discontinuation rates in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals taking an SSRI, INH, or both. Method: We retrospectively reviewed treatment records to determine if patients on an SSRI, INH, or both completed drug therapy in accordance with a treatment plan (e.g., 12 months of INH therapy). Patients on both medications constituted the study group; patients taking either an SSRI or INH alone constituted comparison groups. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups based on age, gender, CD4%, or CD4 count. Seven of the 10 patients (70%) in the study group discontinued therapy, which was significantly greater than the 2 of 14 (14%) in the SSRI group (p = 0.01) and the 4 of 18 (22%) in the INH group (p = 0.02) who discontinued therapy. Conclusion: Medication discontinuation rates for patients prescribed an SSRI coincident with INH were significantly higher than for individuals prescribed these medications separately. These differences cannot be accounted for on the basis of age, gender, or CD4%, but they may be attributable to increased side effects caused by interactions between these medications. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Doyle, ME (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 166 IS 12 BP 1054 EP 1056 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DJ UT WOS:000181419700008 PM 11778402 ER PT J AU Taylor, SF Lutz, RH Millward, JA AF Taylor, SF Lutz, RH Millward, JA TI Disease and nonbattle injury related to peacekeeping operations in South America: Summary patient care statistics for CABANAS 2000 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID JOINT GUARD; BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA; MILITARY SERVICE; HAITI; SUPPORT; RWANDA AB Peacekeeping operations and training for peacekeeping missions currently require far more time and personnel from our armed forces than previously. Although literature exists describing mortality, disease and nonbattle injury (DNBI), and medical support for peacekeeping operations in Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Far East, none was found concerning operations and training for peacekeeping in South America. The present retrospective study presents an analysis of DNBI for forces participating in CABANAS 2000, an eight-nation peacekeeping training exercise held in Argentina. The mean DNBI rate for the 6-week period was 4.1 cases/100 personnel/week. Frequently cited causes for service member presentations for medical treatment were respiratory disease (43%), orthopedic disorders and injuries (25.9%), other miscellaneous medical conditions (8.5%), dermatologic complaints (6.9%), and diarrhea and intestinal complaints (6.5%). These findings indicate that peacekeeping operations and training in South America are relatively safe. C1 7th Special Forces Grp Airborne, Battal 1, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. 3rd Special Forces Grp Airborne, Battal 1, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Taylor, SF (reprint author), 7th Special Forces Grp Airborne, Battal 1, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 166 IS 12 BP 1059 EP 1061 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DJ UT WOS:000181419700010 PM 11778404 ER PT J AU Chaffin, J King, JE Fretwell, LD AF Chaffin, J King, JE Fretwell, LD TI US Army dental emergency rates in Bosnia SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; OPERATIONS; IMPACT; CARIES AB Objective: Our objective is to report on overall dental emergency rates and rates by dental classification of a U.S. Army peacekeeping operation longer than 6 months in the year 2000. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of dental emergencies experienced by soldiers of the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment as a part of Stabilization Force VII. Before the deployment, all soldiers received dental examinations and the necessary dental treatment to make them class 1 or 2. A dental emergency was identified from field treatment records when a soldier presented to the clinic for a "sick call," emergency, or trauma visit. Results: Retrospective review of the records identified 211 dental emergencies. Class 1 soldiers experienced 75 dental emergencies and class 2 soldiers experienced 136 emergencies. 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment soldiers spent an average of 201.95 days deployed. The overall emergency rate was 156 dental emergencies per 1,000 soldiers per year. Class 1 and 2 rates were 121 and 185 dental emergencies per 1,000 troops per year, respectively. Conclusions: The results tend to confirm that dental emergencies continue to be a threat to overall readiness in deployed environments. Military planners need to ensure that the dental component of future forces are sufficient to care for the expected emergencies. C1 USA, Dent Command, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Acad Hlth Sci, Dept Dent Sci, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Chaffin, J (reprint author), USA, Dent Command, 2050 Worth Rd,Suite 4, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 166 IS 12 BP 1074 EP 1078 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DJ UT WOS:000181419700014 PM 11778408 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC AF Chisick, MC TI Put more "bite" into health promotion: A campaign to revitalize health promotion in the army dental care system. Part IV. Implementation SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INITIATIVES AB During the course of 1998, the Army Dental Care System (ADCS), in collaboration with the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, launched Put More "Bite" into Health Promotion, a campaign to revitalize health promotion in the ADCS. This article discusses implementation issues for health promotion campaigns. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chisick, MC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 166 IS 12 BP 1079 EP 1086 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DJ UT WOS:000181419700015 PM 11778409 ER PT J AU Gillespie, D Parker, MV AF Gillespie, D Parker, MV TI Twenty-year-old man with right arm swelling SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PAGET-SCHROETTER SYNDROME; DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS; CONTRAST VENOGRAPHY; VEIN; COMPRESSION C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vasc Surg Serv, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Parker, MV (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vasc Surg Serv, Dept Surg, 6900 Georgia Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 166 IS 12 BP 1110 EP 1112 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DJ UT WOS:000181419700021 ER PT J AU Conn, JE Bollback, JP Onyabe, DY Robinson, TN Wilkerson, RC Povoa, MM AF Conn, JE Bollback, JP Onyabe, DY Robinson, TN Wilkerson, RC Povoa, MM TI Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite markers from the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Anopheles darlingi; malaria vector; microsatellites ID DNA; POPULATION; SEQUENCES; GAMBIAE; ISOZYME AB High molecular weight DNA was extracted from the primary Neotropical malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi from Capanema, Pari, Brazil, to create a small insert genomic library, and then a phagemid library. Enriched sublibraries were constructed from the phagemid library using a microsatellite oligo primed second strand synthesis protocol. The resulting 242 760 individual clones were screened. The mean clone size of the positive clones was 302 bp. Flanking primers were designed for each suitable microsatellite sequence. Eight polymorphic loci were optimized and characterized. The allele size ranges are based on 253 samples of A. darlingi from eastern Amazonian and central Brazil. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Serv Parasitol, Inst Evandro Chagas, BR-66090000 Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Conn, JE (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. OI Conn, Jan/0000-0002-5301-7020 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2001 VL 1 IS 4 BP 223 EP 225 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8278 .2001.00078.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 529FR UT WOS:000174289800002 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Hypolite, I Tveit, DP Hshieh, P Cruess, D Agodoa, LY AF Abbott, KC Hypolite, I Tveit, DP Hshieh, P Cruess, D Agodoa, LY TI Hospitalizations for fungal infections after initiation of chronic dialysis in the United States SO NEPHRON LA English DT Article DE fungal infection; diabetes mellitus; meningitis; dialysis; USRDS; Zygomyces; Aspergillus; Candida; cryptococcosis; coccidioidomycosis; mycoses ID AMBULATORY PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; CRYPTOCOCCAL PERITONITIS; RISK-FACTORS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; CHILDREN AB Aims: Hospitalized fungal infections are reported frequently in renal transplant recipients and peritoneal dialysis patients, but the frequency of hospitalized fungal infections in dialysis patients has not been studied in a national population. Methods: 327,993 dialysis patients in the United States Renal Data System initiated from January 1, 1992 to June 30, 1997 were analyzed in a retrospective registry study of fungal infections (based on ICD9 Coding). Results: Dialysis patients had an age-adjusted incidence ratio for fungal infections of 9.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.34-15.25)) compared to the general population in 1996 (the National Hospital Discharge Survey). Candidiasis accounted for 79% of all fungal infections, followed by cryptococcosis (6.0%) and coccidioidomycosis (4.1%). In multivariate analysis, fungal infections were associated with earlier year of dialysis, diabetes, female gender, decreased weight and serum creatinine at initiation of dialysis, chronic obstructive lung disease and AIDS. In Cox regression analysis the hazard ratio for mortality of fungal infections was 1.35 (95% CI 1.28-1.42). Conclusions: Dialysis patients were at increased risk for fungal infections compared to the general population, which substantially decreased patient survival. Female and diabetic patients were at increased risk for fungal infections. Although candidiasis was the dominant etiology of fungal infections, the frequency of cryptococcosis and coccidioidomycosis were higher than previously reported. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIDDK, Off Minor Hlth Res Coordinat, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0028-2766 J9 NEPHRON JI Nephron PD DEC PY 2001 VL 89 IS 4 BP 426 EP 432 DI 10.1159/000046115 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 498MN UT WOS:000172515200012 PM 11721161 ER PT J AU Rudick, RA Goodkin, DE Jacobs, LD Cookfair, DL Herndon, RM Richert, JR Salazar, AM Fischer, JS Granger, CV Simon, JH Alam, JJ Simonian, NA Campion, MK Bartoszak, DM Bourdette, DN Braiman, J Brownscheidle, CM Coats, ME Cohan, SL Dougherty, DS Kinkel, RP Mass, MK Munschauer, FE Priore, RL Pullicino, PM Scherokman, BJ Weistock-Guttman, B Whitham, RH AF Rudick, RA Goodkin, DE Jacobs, LD Cookfair, DL Herndon, RM Richert, JR Salazar, AM Fischer, JS Granger, CV Simon, JH Alam, JJ Simonian, NA Campion, MK Bartoszak, DM Bourdette, DN Braiman, J Brownscheidle, CM Coats, ME Cohan, SL Dougherty, DS Kinkel, RP Mass, MK Munschauer, FE Priore, RL Pullicino, PM Scherokman, BJ Weistock-Guttman, B Whitham, RH CA MSCRG TI Impact of interferon beta-1a on neurologic disability in relapsing multiple sclerosis SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-HISTORY AB Background and Objective: A phase III double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial demonstrated that interferon beta-1a (IFN beta -1a) (Avonex, Biogen) significantly delayed progression of disability in relapsing MS patients. The primary clinical outcome was time from study entry until disability progression, defined as greater than or equal to1.0 point worsening from baseline Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score persisting for at least two consecutive scheduled visits separated by 6 months. The objective of this study was to examine the magnitude of benefit on EDSS and its clinical significance. Methods: Post hoc analyses related to disability outcomes using data collected during the double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial. Results: (1) Clinical efficacy related to disability did not depend on the definition of disability progression. A significant benefit in favor of IFN beta -1a was observed when greater than or equal to2.0 point worsening from baseline EDSS was required or when worsening was required to persist for greater than or equal to1.0 year. (2) Placebo recipients who reached the primary clinical outcome worsened by a larger amount from baseline EDSS than did IFN beta -1a recipients who reached the primary study outcome. (3) Significantly fewer IFN beta -1a recipients progressed to EDSS milestones of 4.0 (relatively severe impairment) or 6.0 (unilateral assistance needed to walk). (4) Cox proportional hazards models demonstrated that the only baseline characteristic strongly correlated with longer time to disability progression was IFN beta -1a treatment. Conclusions: The primary clinical outcome for the IFN beta -1a clinical trial underestimated clinical benefits of treatment. Results in this report demonstrate that IFN beta -1a treatment is associated with robust, clinically important beneficial effects on disability progression in relapsing MS patients. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Neurol, Mellen Ctr Multiple Sclerosis Treatment & Res, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. SUNY Coll Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. Good Samaritan Hosp, Portland, OR 97209 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Springfield, VA USA. RP Rudick, RA (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Mellen Ctr U 10, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD DEC PY 2001 VL 57 IS 12 SU 5 BP S25 EP S30 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 506KL UT WOS:000172969700005 PM 11902591 ER PT J AU Lu, XCM Williams, AJ Tortella, FC AF Lu, XCM Williams, AJ Tortella, FC TI Quantitative electroencephalography spectral analysis and topographic mapping in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion SO NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brain ischaemia; EEG spectral analysis; rat; topographic brain mapping ID LATERALIZED EPILEPTIFORM DISCHARGES; FOCAL BRAIN ISCHEMIA; POSTSTROKE HEMIPARESIS; FUNCTIONAL MRI; EEG; INFARCTION; STROKE; ANTAGONIST; SEIZURES AB Electroencephalography (EEG) hits a long history in clinical evaluations of cerebrovascular disease. Distinct EEG abnormalities, Such its increased slow delta activity, voltage depression and epileptiform discharge. have been identified in stroke patients. However, preclinical use of EEG analysis of cerebral ischaemia is less documented. We report it new rat model of EEG topographic mapping during permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Ten EEG electrodes Were implanted on the rat skull, symmetrically covering the cortical regions of two hemispheres. Monopolar EEG recordings were acquired from each animal at multiple time points during the initial 24 h, and again once daily for 7 days. Traditional EEG examinations, quantitative EEG (qEEG) spectral analysis and topographic EEG mapping were employed for comprehensive data analyses. Several distinct spatiotemporal EEG abnormalities were identified in the ischaemic rat brain. In the ipsilateral hemisphere. pronounced increase in delta activity Was observed in each recorded area Within 24 It of injury. While sharp Waves and spike complexes dominated the parietal region, it nearly isoelectric EEG state was seen in the temporal region. After 48 h, spontaneous, albeit incomplete. recovery of EEG activities developed in all rats. Reperfusion appeared to promote delta and alpha recovery more efficiently. The contralateral EEG changes were also recorded in two phases: an acute moderate increase in delta activities with intermittent rhythmic activities, followed by it delayed and significant increase in beta activities across the hemisphere. The similarities of rat qEEG profiles identified in this study to that of stroke patients and the application of topographic mapping broaden our research technology for preclinical experimental studies of brain injury. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Tortella, FC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Forest Glen Annex, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 31 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-1846 J9 NEUROPATH APPL NEURO JI Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 27 IS 6 BP 481 EP 495 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2990.2001.00357.x PG 15 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 503MU UT WOS:000172802900007 PM 11903931 ER PT J AU Rosner, M Fisher, W Mulligan, L AF Rosner, M Fisher, W Mulligan, L TI Cervical sympathetic schwannoma: Case report SO NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE carotid body tumor; cervical sympathetic chain; schwannoma; vagal nerve schwannoma ID VAGUS NERVE; CHAIN; TUMORS AB OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Approximately 20 to 27% of neck masses in the parapharyngeal space may be benign nerve sheath tumors. Cervical sympathetic chain schwannomas or vagal nerve schwannomas are most common. We report a patient with a cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: The patient was a 47-year-old Caucasian man with a 7-month history of a painless, enlarging right neck mass. No hoarseness or Horner's syndrome was found preoperatively. Formal head and neck examination in the otolaryngology department revealed no vocal cord dysfunction. INTERVENTION: By use of a standard right carotid incision, a tumor was identified growing from the cervical sympathetic chain posterior to the carotid bifurcation. A gross total resection was performed and a section of the cervical sympathetic chain was sacrificed. CONCLUSION: Cervical sympathetic chain schwannomas are unusual tumors that require microneurosurgical resection for cure. We discuss the differential diagnosis, evaluation, surgical management, and pathological characteristics of such tumors and review the literature. C1 Natl Capital Consortium, Dept Neurosurg, Washington, DC USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Neurosurg, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Mulligan, L (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Neurosurg, 6900 Georgia Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-396X J9 NEUROSURGERY JI Neurosurgery PD DEC PY 2001 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1452 EP 1454 DI 10.1097/00006123-200112000-00027 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 497UU UT WOS:000172474500040 PM 11846946 ER PT J AU Adler, M Sheridan, RE Deshpande, SS Oyler, GA AF Adler, M Sheridan, RE Deshpande, SS Oyler, GA TI Neuromuscular transmission and muscle contractility in SNAP-25-deficient coloboma mice SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coloboma mice; diaphragm muscle; neuromuscular transmission; SNAP-25; botulinum neurotoxin; muscle tension ID MOUSE MUTANT; SNAP-25; HYPERACTIVITY; CHROMOSOME-2; HYPERKINESIA; DOMAINS; PROTEIN; MODEL AB Synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is a cytoplasmic protein that participates in the docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles with the nerve terminal in preparation for neurotransmitter release. SNAP-25 is also a substrate for three of the seven serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). Intoxication by BoNT/A, /C1 or /E results in weakness and paralysis of skeletal muscle due to cleavage of SNAP-25 (and syntaxin 1a in the case /C1) at discrete serotype-specific sites. To elucidate the role of SNAP-25 in muscle function in more detail, contractility and neuromuscular transmission were studied in a mutant mouse model termed coloboma. The coloboma mutation results from a contiguous deletion of 1-2 centiMorgans on chromosome 2, which includes the entire SNAP-25 locus and three other identified genes. Homozygotes do not survive beyond gestation day 6; heterozzygotes (Cm/+) have a normal life-span but express reduced levels of SNAP-25 mRNA and protein in the brain. The consequences of the Cm/+ mutation on twitch and tetanic tension, quantal release of neurotransmitter and spinal motoneuron expression of SNAP-25 were examined in the present study. Contrary to expectations, Cm/+ mice exhibited no alteration in twitch tension and generated normal tetanic tension even at the highest frequency examined (800 Hz). Microelectrode recordings revealed that MEPP amplitude and frequency were both within control limits. The ventral spinal cord of Cm/+ mice showed no deficiency, in SNAP-25 content and immunohistochemical examination of nerve terminals in Cm/+ mice disclosed that SNAP-25 levels and distribution were similar to those of control mice. It is concluded that spinal motor neurons up-regulate SNAP-25 to preserve vital neuromuscular function. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Edgewood Operat, Bel Air, MD 21015 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Adler, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 6 BP 775 EP 786 DI 10.1016/S0161-813X(01)00066-3 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 516LG UT WOS:000173554300006 PM 11829411 ER PT J AU Hoeldtke, N AF Hoeldtke, N TI Privacy and publication SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Hoeldtke, N (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1152 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01634-9 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 497UW UT WOS:000172474700038 PM 11755579 ER PT J AU Matchko, RM Gerhart, GR AF Matchko, RM Gerhart, GR TI ABCs of foveal vision SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE vision; targets; backgrounds ID TARGET AB This paper presents a simple mathematical performance model of the human foveal vision system based on an extensive analysis of the Blackwell-McCready (BM) data set. It includes a closed-form equation, the (ABC) t law, that allows the analyst to predict the entire range of BM threshold data. Relationships are derived among the four fundamental parameters of foveal vision: target area A, background luminance B, threshold contrast C, and stimulus presentation time t. Hyperbolic-curve fits on log-log plots of the data lead to the well-known laws of Ricco, Blackwell, Weber and Fechner, and Bloch. This paper unifies important relationships associated with target and background scene parameters as they relate to the human foveal vision process. The process of detecting a BM target, using foveal vision, is reduced to the total temporal summation of light energy modified by a multiplicative energy ratio. A stochastic model of human observer performance is presented in terms of a cumulative Gaussian distribution, which is a function of the apparent and BM contrast threshold values. (C) 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USA, Vehicle Detectabil Res Team, Payson, AZ 85541 USA. RP Matchko, RM (reprint author), USA, Vehicle Detectabil Res Team, 1307 W Remuda Way, Payson, AZ 85541 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2735 EP 2745 DI 10.1117/1.1416696 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 507FX UT WOS:000173017300009 ER PT J AU Park, GC Wiseman, JB Hayes, DK AF Park, GC Wiseman, JB Hayes, DK TI The evaluation of rhytidectomy flap healing after CO2 laser resurfacing in a pig model SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID FACE AB OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine when it becomes safe to perform laser resurfacing after rhytidectomy flap elevation. STUDY DESIGN: Eighty-four sites on 12 domestic Yorkshire pigs were selected; 4 x 10-cm skin flaps were elevated in 72 of the 84 sites and shortened 10%. The 12 remaining sites (controls) were treated with laser resurfacing alone. Laser resurfacing was also performed at days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after closing the skin flaps. The healing time for the laser-resurfaced sites without flap elevation were compared to that of the skin flaps treated with the laser at days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Twelve "skin flap" controls were elevated, shortened 10%, and closed without laser treatment. Resurfacing was performed using 2 posses with the Sharplan Silk Touch CO2 loser. RESULTS: The average healing time for the skin flaps treated with the laser at day 0 was 23.9 days. All of these flaps showed skin slough with delayed healing followed by scar formation. The areas treated with the laser alone (controls), and the subsequent skin flaps treated with the laser postoperatively at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 days completely re-epithelialized in an average of 7.8, 8.1, 7.3, 7.4, and 7.3 days, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in healing time between the controls and flaps treated with the laser on or after 7 days (P > 0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in healing time between the laser-treated skin flaps at day 0 and the controls, between the laser-treated flaps on day 0 and day 7, and between the laser-treated flaps on day 0 and day 14 (P < 0.001). Because there was little difference in healing time after 14 days, only the healing times for laser-treated skin flaps up to 14 days were compared using paired t tests. CONCLUSIONS: From our observations using a pig model, we conclude that skin flaps may be safely laser resurfaced about 1 week postoperatively. On the other hand, simultaneous flap elevation and laser resurfacing results in delayed healing with subsequent scar formation. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Park, GC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 59th MDW MCSR, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 125 IS 6 BP 590 EP 592 DI 10.1067/mhn.2001.120233 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 507FZ UT WOS:000173017500004 PM 11743457 ER PT J AU Sofola, IO Pazos, GA Buttolph, TB Casler, JD Leonard, DW AF Sofola, IO Pazos, GA Buttolph, TB Casler, JD Leonard, DW TI The Cytoscan Model E-II in intraoperative parathyroid gland identification in a rabbit model SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; SESTAMIBI AB BACKGROUND: Intraoperative parathyroid gland identification and preservation Is often a challenge even in the hands of experienced surgeons as they could be indistinguishable from fat or thyroid tissue. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to demonstrate the use of the Cytoscan Model E-II, which uses orthogonal polarization spectral (OPS) imaging technology, as an intravital microscope in Identifying parathyroid glands intraoperatively and differentiating the parathyroid glands from fat and thyroid tissue in a rabbit model. METHODS: The necks of 4 New England white rabbits were explored with the animals under a general anesthesia. The Cytoscan was used to obtain images of the vasculature of tissue suspected to be parathyroid, fat, and thyroid tissue. These were confirmed by histologic evaluation. RESULTS: All tissues were correctly identified by the Cytoscan and confirmed by histologic analysis. There was an obvious difference in the images obtained of fatty tissue as compared with parathyroid tissues. There was also an appreciable difference between parathyroid and thyroid tissue based on the difference in vascularity. CONCLUSIONS. OPS imaging technology can be used in identifying parathyroid glands based on the difference in vascularity from fat and the pattern and density of vessels when compared with thyroid tissue in a rabbit model. SIGNIFICANCE. The Cytoscan may play a future role in real time intraoperative identification of human parathyroid glands. Future investigation is warranted. C1 Naval Hosp, Rota, Spain. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Natl Capital Consortium, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Natl Capital Consortium, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Sofola, IO (reprint author), Naval Hosp, PSC 819 Box 18,FPO AE 09645-2500, Rota, Spain. EM ifesofola@aol.com NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 125 IS 6 BP 635 EP 639 DI 10.1067/mhn.2001.120696 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 507FZ UT WOS:000173017500014 PM 11743467 ER PT J AU Ruess, L Uyehara, CFT Shiels, KC Cho, KH O'Connor, SC Whitton, RK Person, DA AF Ruess, L Uyehara, CFT Shiels, KC Cho, KH O'Connor, SC Whitton, RK Person, DA TI Digitizing pediatric chest radiographs: comparison of low-cost, commercial off-the-shelf technologies SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-Radiology CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2000 CL NAPLES, FLORIDA SP Soc Pediat Radiol ID IMAGING TEACHING FILE; DIGITAL TELERADIOLOGY; RADIOLOGIC IMAGES; INTERNET; CONSULTATION; EMERGENCY; ACCURACY; QUALITY; CAMERAS; SCANNER AB Objective. To compare low-cost, off-the-shelf technology for digitizing pediatric chest radiographs. Materials and methods. Forty pediatric chest radiographs (hard copy), each with a single abnormality, were digitized using a commercial film digitizer and two low-cost methods: a digital camera and a flatbed scanner. A stratified, randomized, block design was used where 20 readers evaluated 40 different images to determine the ability to accurately detect the abnormality. Readers then rated all 160 images (40 images x 4 methods) for conspicuity of the abnormality and overall image quality.;: Results. Abnormalities were correctly identified on 82.3 % of hard copy images, 82.9 % of flatbed scanner images, 74.3 % of film digitizer images, and 69.7 % of digital camera images (p < 0.05) when compared to hard copy or flatbed scanner images: Lesion conspicuity was rated higher on hard copy (p < 0.05) than all digitized images. Conspicuity ratings were similar for flatbed scanner and film digitizer images, but lower in digital camera images (p < 0.05). For overall image quality, all were rated significantly different from each other (p < 0.05), with hard copy > flatbed scanner > film digitizer > digital camera images. Conclusion. A low-cost flatbed scanner yielded digital pediatric chest images which were significantly superior to digital camera images While flatbed scanner images were interpreted with the equivalent diagnostic accuracy of hard copy images, they were rated lower for image quality and lesion conspicuity. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, AKAMAI Project Off, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Ruess, L (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 31 IS 12 BP 841 EP 847 DI 10.1007/s002470100002 PG 7 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 501LH UT WOS:000172685800003 PM 11727017 ER PT J AU Koenig, ML Sgarlat, CM Yourick, DL Long, JB Meyerhoff, JL AF Koenig, ML Sgarlat, CM Yourick, DL Long, JB Meyerhoff, JL TI In vitro neuroprotection against glutamate-induced toxicity by pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2 (EEP) SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE EEP; TRH; glutamate; neurotoxicity; neuroprotection; calcium ID THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY GLAND; RAT-BRAIN; ELECTROCONVULSIVE SHOCK; HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES; TRH; PEPTIDE; SEIZURES; PROLINEAMIDE AB EEP is a tripeptide structurally similar to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and, like TRH, it is found in the mammalian brain. TRH has been found to increase in brain regions after seizures and to be neuroprotective. EEP has also been shown to increase in brain regions following seizure activity. We therefore sought to determine whether the similarities between these two peptides might be extended to include neuroprotection. Both TRH and EEP were found to be neuroprotective in vitro against an excitotoxic insult. Interestingly, the two tripeptides appeared to have different mechanisms of action. Even though EEP was as much as four times more neuroprotective than TRH, its ability to reduce glutamate-stimulated increases in intraneuronal Ca2+ was about half that of TRH. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuroendocrinol & Neurochem, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Koenig, ML (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuroendocrinol & Neurochem, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Yourick, Debra/A-2121-2011 NR 42 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD DEC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2091 EP 2097 DI 10.1016/S0196-9781(01)00544-7 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 512DA UT WOS:000173304800020 PM 11786195 ER PT J AU Palka, EJ AF Palka, EJ TI The physical setting of Afghanistan: A comment SO POST-SOVIET GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Palka, EJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 1088-9388 J9 POST-SOV GEOGR ECON JI Post-Sov. Geogr. Econ. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 42 IS 8 BP 561 EP 570 PG 10 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA 521PN UT WOS:000173849800002 ER PT J AU Erikson, RS Bafumi, J Wilson, B AF Erikson, RS Bafumi, J Wilson, B TI Was the 2000 presidential election predictable? SO PS-POLITICAL SCIENCE & POLITICS LA English DT Article ID POPULARITY C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Erikson, RS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 1049-0965 J9 PS JI PS-Polit. Sci. Polit. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 34 IS 4 BP 815 EP 819 DI 10.1017/S1049096501000750 PG 5 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 506FV UT WOS:000172959900018 ER PT J AU Benedek, D AF Benedek, D TI What price fame? SO PSYCHIATRY-INTERPERSONAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Book Review C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Forens Psychiat Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Natl Capital Consortium, Forens Psychiat Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Benedek, D (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Forens Psychiat Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0033-2747 J9 PSYCHIATRY JI Psychiatry-Interpers. Biol. Process. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 BP 358 EP 364 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 513EZ UT WOS:000173366100008 ER PT J AU Benedek, D AF Benedek, D TI Stalkers and their victims SO PSYCHIATRY-INTERPERSONAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Book Review C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Forens Psychiat Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Natl Capital Consortium, Forens Psychiat Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Benedek, D (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Forens Psychiat Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0033-2747 J9 PSYCHIATRY JI Psychiatry-Interpers. Biol. Process. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 BP 358 EP 364 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 513EZ UT WOS:000173366100009 ER PT J AU Parker, JS AF Parker, JS TI Issues and problems before us SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Parker, JS (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, 504 Scott St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD WIN PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 279 EP 280 DI 10.1089/15305620152814674 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 525QW UT WOS:000174083300002 PM 11886665 ER PT J AU Inouye, J Cerny, JE Hollandsworth, J Ettipio, A AF Inouye, J Cerny, JE Hollandsworth, J Ettipio, A TI Child abuse prevention program with POTS-based telehealth: A feasibility project SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HOME VISITATION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; NEGLECT; WOMEN AB Child abuse and neglect have devastating financial and psychological effects on children, families, and communities. Home visitation has been found to reduce the risk of child abuse by enhancing parent-child interaction and decreasing the incidence of physical punishment. This project was instituted to assess the acceptance and reliability of integrating inexpensive Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)-based video technology (8 x 8 VIATV) into an existing program and to determine client and nurse satisfaction with the technology. At-risk families were recruited for the study if the mother was pregnant or had delivered within the past year and was available to participate in the study for 6 months. Subjects participated in the regular family intervention program in addition to having the POTS technology installed in their homes. Nurses also had the technology in their homes to give subjects access to them at all times. The POTS system had low acceptance by patients and nurses because of logistic and technical difficulties. Satisfaction was rather low due mainly to the type of equipment and picture quality. Program efficiency did not increase because of the time spent on technical aspects of the technology. Finally, several elements for a critical path were identified. Further study utilizing a more sophisticated telehealth application and technical support would enhance interventions for this population. Integration of the technology into the family's life would enhance acceptance and reduce disruption in the home. C1 Univ Hawaii, Sch Nursing, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Dept Army, Joint New Parent Support Program, Tripler Army Med Ctr, Hawaii Tripler AMC, Honolulu, HI USA. USAMEDD Ctr & Sch, Total AMEDD Syst Management & Nursing Informat, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Inouye, J (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Nursing & Dent Hyg, 2528 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD WIN PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1089/15305620152814728 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 525QW UT WOS:000174083300007 PM 11911098 ER PT J AU Bauer, J Lee, BR Stoianovici, D Bishoff, JT Micali, S Micali, F Kavoussi, LR AF Bauer, J Lee, BR Stoianovici, D Bishoff, JT Micali, S Micali, F Kavoussi, LR TI Remote percutaneous renal access using a new automated telesurgical robotic system SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Previous clinical application of remote telesurgery has been the use of a novel system of video teleconferencing equipment along with remote control of a laparoscopic camera at distances over 11,000 miles. Recently, a robotic system has been developed to assist with percutaneous renal surgery. This robot has been incorporated into the telesurgical system to allow remote needle placement into the renal collecting system under radiological guidance. The main component of the telesurgical system is a low degree of freedom robot called "PAKY" (percutaneous access of the kidney). It is custom designed for fluoroscopic guided percutaneous needle insertion into the renal collecting system. The robot is a six-degrees of freedom device. However, when the skin entry site is fixed and held in position, only two degrees of freedom are required to orient the needle in the correct plane for accurate insertion. Remote control of the robot was accomplished over a plain old telephone system (POTS) line. On June 17, 1998, the first remote telerobotic percutaneous renal access procedure was performed between the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, and Tor Vergata University Rome, Italy. This new telesurgical robot was successful in term of obtaining percutaneous access within 20 min, with two attempts to obtain entry into the collecting system. This robot represents the first system for performing remote telesurgical. interventions in the kidney and demonstrates the feasibility and safety of assisting accurate and rapid needle access to the kidney during percutaneous procedures. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, TATRC, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Urol, Rome, Italy. RP Bauer, J (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, TATRC, 504 Scott St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RI Micali, Salvatore/J-8179-2016 OI Micali, Salvatore/0000-0003-2121-1897 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD WIN PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1089/15305620152814746 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 525QW UT WOS:000174083300009 PM 11886670 ER PT J AU Hess, JR Rugg, N Gormas, JK Knapp, AD Hill, HR Oliver, CK Lippert, LE Silberstein, EB Greenwalt, TJ AF Hess, JR Rugg, N Gormas, JK Knapp, AD Hill, HR Oliver, CK Lippert, LE Silberstein, EB Greenwalt, TJ TI RBC storage for 11 weeks SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-CELL PRESERVATION; ADDITIVE SOLUTION; SURVIVAL AB BACKGROUND: Increasing the length of RBC storage can increase both RBC availability and quality. This work addresses 11-week RBC storage in experimental ASs (EASs). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Three studies were performed. In the first, 24-hour in vivo recovery of Cr-51-labeled autologous RBCs was measured in nine volunteers after storage of their RBCs for 11 weeks in EAS 67. In the second study, 4 units of blood were divided and stored in aliquots with an EAS containing 0, 15, 30, or 45 mmol per L of mannitol; then hemolysis, RBC morphology, and microvesicle protein were measured. In the third study, 6 full units were stored for 12 weeks in the EAS containing 30 mmol per L of mannitol, with weekly sampling for morphologic and biochemical measures of RBC quality. RESULTS: RBCs stored for 11 weeks in EAS-67 had a mean 24-hour in vivo recovery of 79 +/- 5 percent, but the hemolysis was 1.35 +/- 0.68 percent. Increasing mannitol content of the EAS reduced hemolysis but increased microvesiculation. EAS-76, with 30 mmol per L of mannitol allowed 11-week storage with 0.48 +/- 0.10 percent hemolysis at 11 weeks and 0.62 +/- 0.14 percent hemolysis at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: It is possible to store RBCs for 11 weeks in EAS with greater than 75 percent recovery and less than 1 percent hemolysis. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Hoxworth Blood Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Saenger Radioisotope Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Hess, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD DEC PY 2001 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1586 EP 1590 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41121586.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 513VU UT WOS:000173401600022 PM 11778076 ER PT J AU Piper, NY Bishoff, JT Magee, C Haffron, JM Flanigan, RC Mintiens, A Van Poppel, HP Thompson, IM Harmon, WJ AF Piper, NY Bishoff, JT Magee, C Haffron, JM Flanigan, RC Mintiens, A Van Poppel, HP Thompson, IM Harmon, WJ TI Is a 1-cm margin necessary during nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma? SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURGICAL ENUCLEATION; PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY; TUMOR; SURVIVAL AB Objectives. To determine whether a 1-cm margin is necessary for cancer control during nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods. A retrospective review of 67 patients who underwent NSS for RCC between 1990 and 2000 was conducted. The data collected included patient demographics, tumor size and location, histologic type and grade, margin status (positive or negative), and the shortest distance of normal parenchyma (in millimeters) around the tumor in the final pathologic specimen. Recurrence was determined from the clinical follow-up, which included physical examination, ultrasonography or computed tomography, and various laboratory tests. Results. Fifty-five cases were performed open and 12 laparoscopically. The mean follow-up was 60 months (range 5 to 124). The mean tumor size was 3.0 cm (range 0.9 to 11.0). Seven patients were found to have a positive margin; 1 died of metastatic RCC, 1 was alive with systemic recurrence, and 5 had no evidence of disease. Of 11 patients with a negative margin distance of less than 1 mm, 9 were recurrence free, 1 had simultaneous local and pulmonary relapse, and the other had pulmonary recurrence only. The remainder of the study patients (n = 49) had negative margins greater than 1 mm, and all were alive without evidence of disease at the last follow-up. Conclusions. This review questions the necessity of a 1-cm margin to prevent recurrence after NSS for RCC. Additional studies to determine the optimal margin distance should be conducted. UROLOGY 58: 849-852, 2001. (C) 2001, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USAF, Dept Urol, MCSU, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Loyola Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Urol, Louvain, Belgium. RP Harmon, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Dept Urol, MCSU, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 63 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD DEC PY 2001 VL 58 IS 6 BP 849 EP 852 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(01)01393-0 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 502PP UT WOS:000172752200003 PM 11744443 ER PT J AU Costabile, RA Spevak, M AF Costabile, RA Spevak, M TI Characterization of patients presenting with male factor infertility in an equal access, no cost medical system SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARE AB Objectives. Demographic information on patients presenting for the diagnosis and treatment of male factor infertility has been limited in the past by the paucity of subspecialty trained providers and concentrated sequential patient information. Previously reported studies looking at the characteristics of patients being evaluated for male subfertility may represent a selected subset of patients able to access these services. The changes in the diagnostic modalities available in the 1990s and new diagnostic categories may also affect the characterization of patients seen with the diagnosis of male factor infertility. Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed using a centralized database of patient records at a single military male infertility clinic. Seven hundred consecutive patients were studied to obtain information on patient and spouse age, race, length of subfertile period, medical history and examination, and laboratory evaluation. A single provider categorized the etiology of male factor infertility after the evaluation. Results. The mean patient age was 36 years (range 17 to 68). The mean spouse age was 31.2 years (range 19 to 50). The mean subfertile period was 5.5 years (range 0.5 to 35). Of the 700 patients, 51% were white, 10% African American, 2% Hispanic, and 37% other/unknown. Eleven percent of the patients were active smokers. The most common etiologic category groups describing male subfertility were previous vasectomy (56%), varicocele (14%), idiopathic infertility (8%), and nonobstructive azoospermia (6%). Conclusions. An equal access, no cost medical system mirrors the demographics of the military population served. The clinical characteristics of patients presenting with male factor infertility have changed significantly during the past 30 years. Obstruction from a previous vasectomy is now the most common presenting complaint of patients visiting an infertility clinic. Vasectomy reversal may be more frequently requested when the cost is not a factor in providing fertility services. Idiopathic male factor infertility occurs in less than 10% of patients. UROLOGY 58: 1021-1024, 2001. (C) 2001, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Costabile, RA (reprint author), Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD DEC PY 2001 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1021 EP 1024 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(01)01400-5 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 502PP UT WOS:000172752200040 PM 11744480 ER PT J AU Ogden, FL Senarath, SUS Downer, CW Sharif, HO AF Ogden, FL Senarath, SUS Downer, CW Sharif, HO TI Comment on "On the calibration and verification of two-dimensional, distributed, Hortonian, continuous watershed models" by Sharika U. S. Senarath et al. - Reply SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPATIAL RAINFALL VARIABILITY; RUNOFF; SCALE; FLOOD C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ogden, FL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 270 Middle Turnpike,U-210, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Sharif, Hatim/E-4426-2010 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 37 IS 12 BP 3397 EP 3400 DI 10.1029/2001WR000952 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 511UB UT WOS:000173283000046 ER PT J AU Brusati, ED DuBowy, PJ Lacher, TE AF Brusati, ED DuBowy, PJ Lacher, TE TI Comparing ecological functions of natural and created wetlands for shorebirds in Texas SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE avian ecology; benthic invertebrates; created wetlands; estuarine systems; foraging behavior; marshes; shorebirds ID WINTERING SHOREBIRDS; MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; WESTERN SANDPIPERS; SALT MARSHES; HABITAT USE; BEHAVIOR; BAY; COMMUNITIES; MUDFLAT; ESTUARY AB We compared shorebird behavior, abundance and prey availability between natural and created wetlands along the Gulf of Mexico, Texas, USA. Locations included Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, the Nueces River Delta, and Mustang Island. Few significant differences existed in invertebrate density or biomass between sites; greater differences were found seasonally than between natural and created sites. Non-metric multidimensional scaling of avian abundance separated Mustang Island from Nueces Delta. Cluster analysis of behavior of Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola), Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus), "peeps" (Calidris minutilla, C. pusilla), and Willet (Cataptrophorus semipalmatus), showed no clear differences in their behavior on natural and created sites. Mustang Island sites were more similar to each other than to Nueces Delta. All created sites had natural hydrology and tidal circulation, which appear to facilitate invertebrate and avian recruitment. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Brusati, ED (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 18 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2001 VL 24 IS 3 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.2307/1522067 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 498LC UT WOS:000172510400007 ER PT J AU Brantley, CG Platt, SG AF Brantley, CG Platt, SG TI Canebrake conservation in the southeastern United States SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Arundinaria gigantea; cane; canebrake; endangered ecosystem; habitat conservation ID SOUTHERN AB At the time of European settlement, extensive monotypic stands of cane (Arundinaria gigantea), known as canebrakes, were a dominant landscape feature in the southeastern United States (U.S.). Canebrakes support a diverse assemblage of wildlife and represent critical habitat for several species of arthropods, birds, and mammals. Canebrakes disappeared rapidly following settlement due to a combination of overgrazing, altered burning regimes, agricultural land clearing, and changes in floodplain hydrology. By the early to mid-1900s, canebrakes had disappeared throughout most of the southeastern U.S., and large canebrakes are nearly nonexistent today. Inventory and management of remaining canebrakes deserve high priority. Successful management depends on protection from livestock, a suitable burning regime, and control of competing vegetation. Floodplain disturbance also may be a necessary component of canebrake management. Restoration techniques are currently lacking. Faunal surveys of canebrake habitats are urgently needed to provide baseline data to evaluate future conservation and restoration efforts. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, CEMVN PM RP, New Orleans, LA 70160 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. RP Brantley, CG (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, CEMVN PM RP, POB 60267, New Orleans, LA 70160 USA. NR 74 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1175 EP 1181 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 507EW UT WOS:000173014900022 ER PT J AU Anema, JG Morey, AF Harris, R MacPhee, M Cornum, RL AF Anema, JG Morey, AF Harris, R MacPhee, M Cornum, RL TI Potential uses of absorbable fibrin adhesive bandage for genitourinary trauma SO WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID V LIVER INJURIES; SEALANT DRESSINGS; BLOOD-LOSS; EFFICACY; HEMORRHAGE; SWINE AB Fibrin sealants have become increasingly popular in nearly all surgical specialties. The absorbable fibrin adhesive bandage (AFAB) is a novel, potentially revolutionary product made from dried fibrinogen and thrombin. The AFAB appears to have excellent efficacy in producing rapid hemostasis in a variety of experimental major renal trauma models. The AFAB also appears to enhance healing of the urinary collecting system. Further study is essential to explore new urologic applications of this exciting technology. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RP Morey, AF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, 3581 Roger Brooke Dr,Bldg 3600, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-2313 J9 WORLD J SURG JI World J.Surg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1573 EP 1577 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 504EJ UT WOS:000172844100016 PM 11775194 ER PT J AU Iverson, AJ Morey, AF AF Iverson, AJ Morey, AF TI Radiographic evaluation of suspected bladder rupture following blunt trauma: Critical review SO WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Review ID PELVIC FRACTURES; COMPUTERIZED-TOMOGRAPHY; CT CYSTOGRAPHY; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; INJURY; EXTRAVASATION; MECHANISMS AB Indications for urgent radiographic evaluation of suspected bladder injuries are poorly defined. Review of the existing literature reveals that traumatic bladder rupture is strongly correlated with the combination of pelvic fracture and gross hematuria. Nearly all patients with hematuria or pelvic fracture alone do not have bladder rupture. Bladder rupture is commonly associated with suprapubic discomfort or inability to void in coherent, responsive patients. Intoxicated or unresponsive patients should warrant a higher index of suspicion for bladder injury among clinicians treating patients with pelvic trauma. Similarly, patients having neurologic or preexisting urologic co-morbidities may not manifest typical symptoms of bladder rupture. The above clinical indicators should be considered when clinicians determine the appropriateness of urgent cystography to detect bladder rupture. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Morey, AF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr,Bldg 3600, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-2313 J9 WORLD J SURG JI World J.Surg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1588 EP 1591 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 504EJ UT WOS:000172844100018 PM 11775196 ER PT J AU Jezior, JR Brady, JD Schlossberg, SM AF Jezior, JR Brady, JD Schlossberg, SM TI Management of penile amputation injuries SO WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID MICROSURGICAL REPLANTATION; SELF-MUTILATION; MICROVASCULAR TECHNIQUES; TOTAL PHALLOPLASTY; CHILDREN; RECONSTRUCTION; CIRCUMCISION; EMASCULATION; GENITALIA; FLAP AB Penile amputation is an uncommon injury resulting from self-mutilation, felonious assault, or accidental trauma. Management requires resuscitation and stabilization of the patient with particular attention to underlying psychiatric illness. Amputated tissue can be preserved under hypothermic conditions in preparation fur surgical replantation. Current replantation techniques rely on microsurgical approximation of the dorsal structures and cavernosal arteries with uniformly good results. Phallic replacement may be necessary when the amputated segment is lost. Microsurgical free forearm flap phalloplasty is the current mainstay of penile replacement surgery. Although urethral complications remain problematic, the results continue to be acceptable with regard to appearance and Function. A unique subset of patients sustaining amputation injury is children. Both replantation and phallic construction have been successful in children and represent an alternative to gender reassignment. C1 Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Devine Ctr Genitourinary REconstruct, Dept Urol, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. RP Jezior, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 60 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-2313 J9 WORLD J SURG JI World J.Surg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1602 EP 1609 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 504EJ UT WOS:000172844100021 PM 11775199 ER PT J AU Shchelkunov, SN Totmenin, AV Babkin, IV Safronov, PF Ryazankina, OI Petrov, NA Gutorova, VV Uvarova, EA Mikheev, MV Sisler, JR Esposito, JJ Jahrling, PB Moss, B Sandakhchiev, LS AF Shchelkunov, SN Totmenin, AV Babkin, IV Safronov, PF Ryazankina, OI Petrov, NA Gutorova, VV Uvarova, EA Mikheev, MV Sisler, JR Esposito, JJ Jahrling, PB Moss, B Sandakhchiev, LS TI Human monkeypox and smallpox viruses: genomic comparison SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE monkeypox virus; smallpox virus; genome; virulence factor; ankyrin-like protein ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; COMPLEMENT CONTROL PROTEINS; VACCINIA VIRUS; VARIOLA VIRUSES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ORTHOPOXVIRUS DNA; BINDING; INHIBITION; INTERFERON; MECHANISM AB Monkeypox virus (MPV) causes a human disease which resembles smallpox but with a lower person-to-person transmission rate. To determine the genetic relationship between the orthopoxviruses causing these two diseases, we sequenced the 197-kb genome of MPV isolated from a patient during a large human monkeypox outbreak in Zaire in 1996. The nucleotide sequence within the central region of the MPV genome, which encodes essential enzymes and structural proteins, was 96.3% identical with that of variola (smallpox) virus (VAR). In contrast, there were considerable differences between MPV and VAR in the regions encoding virulence and host-range factors near the ends of the genome. Our data indicate that MPV is not the direct ancestor of VAR and is unlikely to naturally acquire all properties of VAR. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol Vector, Koltsov 630559, Novosibirsk Reg, Russia. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Shchelkunov, SN (reprint author), State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol Vector, Koltsov 630559, Novosibirsk Reg, Russia. RI Sandakhchiev, Lev/B-7035-2012; Babkin, Igor/R-1598-2016 NR 41 TC 78 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2001 VL 509 IS 1 BP 66 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03144-1 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 499XN UT WOS:000172596100013 PM 11734207 ER PT J AU Lucassen, F Becchio, R Harmon, R Kasemann, S Franz, G Trumbull, R Wilke, HG Romer, RL Dulski, P AF Lucassen, F Becchio, R Harmon, R Kasemann, S Franz, G Trumbull, R Wilke, HG Romer, RL Dulski, P TI Composition and density model of the continental crust at an active continental margin - the Central Andes between 21 degrees and 27 degrees S SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Central Andes; paleozoic metamorphic-magmatic basement; geochemistry; crustal composition; crustal density ID SOUTHERN CENTRAL ANDES; EARLY PALEOZOIC EVOLUTION; NORTHERN CHILE; NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MAGMATIC EVOLUTION; COASTAL CORDILLERA; LARGE IGNIMBRITES; WESTERN BOLIVIA; VOLCANIC-ROCKS AB This paper derives an estimate of the average chemical composition of the Paleozoic Andean basement, based on the geological evolution and from compilations of geochemical and isotopic analyses of Early to Late Paleozoic age metamorphic and magmatic rocks between 21 degrees and 27 degreesS. Geochemical and isotopic data indicate that recycling of the Early Paleozoic metamorphic basement was the predominant process in the formation of felsic magmas in the Central Andes from the Odovician to late Paleozoic. The metamorphic basement, in turn, is derived in part from older intrusions and sedimentary rocks of Eocambrian age, Compositional characteristics of Ordovician and late Paleozoic sediments reflect the erosion of this crust. Mafic metamorphic and igneous rocks do not contribute significantly to the Paleozoic crust. The Paleozoic crust is mainly felsic in composition, which is supported by evidence from lower crustal xenoliths and limited exposures of lower crust. The crust consolidated in the Paleozoic remained largely intact until the formation of the overthickened Andean crust in the Cenozoic. The dominance of the Paleozoic crust in the crust of the present high plateaus of the central Andes is seen in the geochemical and isotopic signatures of the Cenozoic ignimbrite and andesite. Thermodynamic calculation of the stable mineral assemblages from the average bulk composition derived from our compilation indicate that the volumetrically most important minerals are quartz and feldspars under all reasonable P-T conditions expected for the thickened Andean crust. The resulting density-depth model is in accordance with geophysical observations of the velocity-density distribution at 21 degrees -24 degreesS. Radiogenic heat production is estimated from the average U-Th-K concentrations in the Paleozoic metamorphic and granitic rocks that are very similar to average values of the upper crust. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Catolica Norte, Dept Ciencias Geol, Antofagasta, Chile. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Nacl Salta, GEONORTE, RA-4400 Salta, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-4400 Salta, Argentina. WWU Munster, Zent Lab Geochronol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Tech Univ Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. RP Lucassen, F (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg AB 4-2, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM lucassen@gfz-potsdam.de NR 106 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD NOV 30 PY 2001 VL 341 IS 1-4 BP 195 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00188-3 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 500EM UT WOS:000172613000011 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, A Thomas, D DeShazer, D AF Srinivasan, A Thomas, D DeShazer, D TI Glanders in a military research microbiologist - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Srinivasan, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 29 PY 2001 VL 345 IS 22 BP 1644 EP 1644 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 496EU UT WOS:000172383900019 ER PT J AU Yasunaga, Y Nakamura, K Ko, DJ Srivstava, S Moul, JW Sesterhenn, IA McLeod, DG Rhim, JS AF Yasunaga, Y Nakamura, K Ko, DJ Srivstava, S Moul, JW Sesterhenn, IA McLeod, DG Rhim, JS TI A novel human cancer culture model for the study of prostate cancer SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE human prostate cancer cell line; immortalization; telomerase ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS DNA; TELOMERASE ACTIVITY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; EXPRESSION; ADENOCARCINOMA; PROGRESSION; ACTIVATION; PHENOTYPE; TISSUE; LINES AB Research into molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying prostate carcinogenesis would be greatly advanced by in vitro models of prostate tumors representing primary tumors. We have successfully established an immortalized human prostate epithelial (HPE) cell culture derived from a primary tumor with telomerase. The actively proliferating early passaged RC-58T cells were transduced through infection with a retrovirus vector expressing the human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT). A high level of telomerase was detected in RC-58T/hTERT cells but not RC-58T cells. RC-58T/hTERT cells are currently growing well at passage 50, whereas RC-58T cells senesced at passage 7. RC-58T/hTERT cells exhibit transformed morphology. More importantly, these immortalized cells showed anchorage-independent growth as they formed colonies in soft agar and grew above the agar laver. Expression of androgen-regulated prostate specific gene NKX3.1 and epithelial specific cytokeratin 8 (CK8) but not prostate specific antigen (PSA) and androgen receptor was detected in RC-58T/hTERT cells. Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) and p16 were also expressed in this cell line. RC-58T/hTERT cells showed growth inhibition when exposed to retinoic acid and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 known potent inhibitors of prostate epithelial cell growth. A number of chromosome alterations were observed including the loss of chromosomes Y, 3p, 10p, 17p, 18q and the gain of chromosomes 16 and 20. These results demonstrate that this primary tumor-derived HPE cell line retained its transformed phenotypes and should allow studies to elucidate molecular and genetic alterations involved in prostate cancer. This is the first documented case of an established human prostate cancer cell line from a primary tumor of a prostate cancer patient with telomerase. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rhim, JS (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD NOV 29 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 55 BP 8036 EP 8041 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1205002 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 494NL UT WOS:000172288700013 PM 11753687 ER PT J AU Covington, AM Aguilar, A Davis, VT Alvarez, I Bryant, HC Cisneros, C Halka, M Hanstorp, D Hinojosa, G Schlachter, AS Thompson, JS Pegg, DJ AF Covington, AM Aguilar, A Davis, VT Alvarez, I Bryant, HC Cisneros, C Halka, M Hanstorp, D Hinojosa, G Schlachter, AS Thompson, JS Pegg, DJ TI Correlated processes in inner-shell photodetachment of the Na- ion SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-IONS; LI AB We have measured the total cross section for photodetachment of the Na- ion over the photon energy range 30-51 eV. Electron detachment leads predominantly to the production of Na+ ions in this energy range. The structures in the measured cross section are associated with correlated processes involving the detachment or excitation of a 2p core electron, processes which are often accompanied by the excitation of one or more valence electrons. The most prominent feature in the cross section is a strong resonance associated with the excitation of a 2p electron from the core and a 3s valence electron. As in previous experiments on double excitation of valence electrons, electron correlation is seen to play an important role in the dynamics of negative ions. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Chem Phys Programme, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62251, Morelos, Mexico. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Phys, Portland, OR 97229 USA. Chalmers, Dept Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Covington, AM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 9 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 22 BP L735 EP L740 AR PII S0953-4075(01)29021-X DI 10.1088/0953-4075/34/22/105 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 554EW UT WOS:000175721900005 ER PT J AU Webb-Wood, G Ozgur, U Everitt, HO Yun, F Morkoc, H AF Webb-Wood, G Ozgur, U Everitt, HO Yun, F Morkoc, H TI Measurement of AlxGa1-xN refractive indices SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-4) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL DENVER, COLORADO ID TEMPERATURE; INDEXES; FILM AB Dispersion of the ordinary and extraordinary indices of refraction have been measured systematically for wurtzitic AlxGa1-xN epitaxial layers with 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1.0 throughout the visible wavelength region 457 nm < lambda < 800 nm. The dispersion, measured by a prism coupling waveguide technique is found to be welt described by a first-order Sellmeier dispersion formula parameterized as functions of x and lambda. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Everitt, HO (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Everitt, Henry/L-7118-2013 OI Everitt, Henry/0000-0002-8141-3768 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD NOV 23 PY 2001 VL 188 IS 2 BP 793 EP 797 DI 10.1002/1521-396X(200112)188:2<793::AID-PSSA793>3.3.CO;2-J PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 503CM UT WOS:000172779700067 ER PT J AU Wraback, M Semendy, F Shen, H Chowdhury, U Lambert, DJH Wong, MM Dupuis, RD AF Wraback, M Semendy, F Shen, H Chowdhury, U Lambert, DJH Wong, MM Dupuis, RD TI Time-resolved reflectivity studies of carrier dynamics as a function of Al content in AlGaN alloys SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-4) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL DENVER, COLORADO ID ALXGA1-XN ALLOYS; DEVICES AB We have used intensity dependent pump-probe reflectivity measurements to investigate the carrier dynamics in AlGaN alloys with Al content ranging from similar to0.15 to 0.4. For the Al0.15Ga0.85N sample the intensity dependence of the DeltaR decay suggests that at high intensity the shallow traps are saturated and ultrafast nonradiative recombination dominates the carrier dynamics. For the Al0.25Ga0.75N and Al0.4Ga0.6N samples DeltaR decays faster with decreasing intensity and changes sign. Moreover. the decays are faster for a given intensity in the higher Al content sample. This behavior suggests that in these cases the dynamics are governed by trapping at localized states that become deeper and more numerous as the Al content increases. Within this context the sign change in AR may reflect the onset of photoinduced absorption associated with the excitation of carriers from the localized states to the bands. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Microelect Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD NOV 23 PY 2001 VL 188 IS 2 BP 807 EP 810 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 503CM UT WOS:000172779700070 ER PT J AU Theodoropoulou, N Hebard, AF Chu, SNG Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG Zavada, JM AF Theodoropoulou, N Hebard, AF Chu, SNG Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG Zavada, JM TI Characterization of high dose Fe implantation into p-GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL SPIN INJECTION; SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETOELECTRONICS; FERROMAGNETISM AB High concentrations (3-5 at. %) of Fe were incorporated into p-GaN by direct implantation at elevated substrate temperature (350 degreesC). Subsequent annealing at 700 degreesC produced apparent ferromagnetic behavior up to similar to 250 K for the 3 at. % sample. Selected area diffraction patterns did not reveal the presence of any other phases in the Fe-implanted region. The direct implantation process appears promising for examining the properties of magnetic semiconductors with application to magnetotransport and magneto-optical devices. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Theodoropoulou, N (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 22 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 21 BP 3452 EP 3454 DI 10.1063/1.1420406 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 493CK UT WOS:000172204300024 ER PT J AU Li, ZY Le Roch, K Geyer, JA Woodard, CL Prigge, ST Koh, J Doerig, C Waters, NC AF Li, ZY Le Roch, K Geyer, JA Woodard, CL Prigge, ST Koh, J Doerig, C Waters, NC TI Influence of human p16(INK4) and p21(CIP1) on the in vitro activity of recombinant Plasmodium falciparum cyclin-dependent protein kinases SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Pfmrk; PfPK5; PfPK6; cyclin dependent protein kinase; Plasmodium falciparum; p21; p16; inhibition; cell cycle ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR P16(INK4A); CELL-CYCLE; CDK INHIBITORS; CDC2-RELATED KINASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; POTENT INHIBITOR; INK4 FAMILY; ACTIVATION; COMPLEX AB The regulatory mechanisms of most cyclin dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are well understood and are highly conserved in eukaryotes. CDKs from the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, appear to be regulated in a similar manner with regard to cyclin binding and phosphorylation. In order to further understand their regulatory mechanisms, we examined two classes of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDIs) to inhibit a panel of plasmodial CDKs. We find that Pfmrk and PfPK5 are inhibited by heterologous p21(CIP1) with varying degrees of inhibition. In contrast, PfPK6, a kinase with sequence features characteristic of both a CDK and MAP kinase, is unaffected by this CDI. Furthermore, the CDK4/6 specific CDI, p16(INK4), fails to inhibit these plasmodial CDKs. Taken together, these results suggest that plasmodial CDKs may be regulated by the binding of inhibitory proteins in vivo. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. INSERM, U511, F-75013 Paris, France. Univ Vermont, Dept Pathol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Waters, NC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. OI Doerig, Christian/0000-0002-3188-094X NR 37 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 288 IS 5 BP 1207 EP 1211 DI 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5920 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 497QT UT WOS:000172467500022 PM 11700040 ER PT J AU Reid, TJ Fuller, ET Janmey, PA Sawyer, ES Fudge, JM Mochmer, KL Peat, RA Seelbaugh, JP AF Reid, TJ Fuller, ET Janmey, PA Sawyer, ES Fudge, JM Mochmer, KL Peat, RA Seelbaugh, JP TI Efficacy of hemostatic dressings with salmon thrombin and fibrinogen in a rat hip penetrating injury model. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Penn, Inst Med & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Physiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Sea Run Holdings Inc, Arundel, ME USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 11 MA 3929 BP 76B EP 76B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 491WZ UT WOS:000172134200342 ER PT J AU Rothwell, SW Fudge, JM Reid, TJ Krishnamurti, C AF Rothwell, SW Fudge, JM Reid, TJ Krishnamurti, C TI Effects of propyl gallate and epsilon-amino caproic acid additives on fibrin bandage performance in a swine arterial bleeding model. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Anim Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 11 MA 3930 BP 76B EP 77B PN 2 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 491WZ UT WOS:000172134200343 ER PT J AU Reid, TJ Peat, RA Holtz, BL Morrissette, CR Ketchum, LH AF Reid, TJ Peat, RA Holtz, BL Morrissette, CR Ketchum, LH TI Trauma-associated coagulopathy. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Med Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 11 MA 4081 BP 109B EP 109B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 491WZ UT WOS:000172134200494 ER PT J AU Reid, TJ Hmel, PJ Kennedy, AM Quiles, JG Gorogias, M Seelbaugh, JP AF Reid, TJ Hmel, PJ Kennedy, AM Quiles, JG Gorogias, M Seelbaugh, JP TI Physical and thermal properties of blood storage bags - Implications for shipping frozen products on dry ice. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 11 MA 4082 BP 109B EP 109B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 491WZ UT WOS:000172134200495 ER PT J AU Link, BK Wang, H Byrd, JC Leonard, JP Davis, TA Flinn, I Hall, WC Turner, JF Bowles, J Shannon, M Levitt, D Weiner, GJ AF Link, BK Wang, H Byrd, JC Leonard, JP Davis, TA Flinn, I Hall, WC Turner, JF Bowles, J Shannon, M Levitt, D Weiner, GJ TI Prolonged clinical responses in patients with follicular lymphoma treated on a phase I trial of the anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody Remitogen (TM) (Hu1D10). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Prot Design Labs, Fremont, CA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Cornell Univ, Weil Med Coll, New York, NY USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Pathol Associates Inc, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 11 MA 4703 BP 244B EP 244B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 491WZ UT WOS:000172134201114 ER PT J AU Womeldorph, JL Myhand, RC Monahan, BP AF Womeldorph, JL Myhand, RC Monahan, BP TI Reversible acute renal failure following initiation of thalidomide therapy in a patient with relapsed multiple myeloma. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 11 MA 5008 BP 313B EP 313B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 491WZ UT WOS:000172134201419 ER PT J AU Lucas, MS Flinn, IW Goodrich, AL Murphy, T Park, K Grever, MR Lehman, T Byrd, JC AF Lucas, MS Flinn, IW Goodrich, AL Murphy, T Park, K Grever, MR Lehman, T Byrd, JC TI TNF-alpha and TNF-beta promoter polymorphisms may relate to response to rituximab therapy. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Bioserve Biotechnol, Laurel, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 11 MA 2657 BP 634A EP 634A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 491WY UT WOS:000172134102664 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Peterson, BL Park, K Morrison, VL Vardiman, JW Jacobson, R Rai, K Larson, RA AF Byrd, JC Peterson, BL Park, K Morrison, VL Vardiman, JW Jacobson, R Rai, K Larson, RA TI Concurrent rituximab and fludarabine has a higher complete response rate than sequential treatment in untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients: Results from CALGB 9712. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Minneapolis VA, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Good Samaritan Canc Ctr, W Palm Beach, FL USA. Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, New Hyde Pk, NY 11042 USA. Canc & Leukemia Grp B, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 11 MA 3212 BP 772A EP 772A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 491WY UT WOS:000172134103225 ER PT J AU Aron, JL Murphy, T Parthun, MR Bannerji, R Kanakry, C Lucas, D Flinn, IW Marcucci, G Grever, MR Byrd, JC AF Aron, JL Murphy, T Parthun, MR Bannerji, R Kanakry, C Lucas, D Flinn, IW Marcucci, G Grever, MR Byrd, JC TI The histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide (FR901228) induces apoptosis via activation of the caspase 8 pathway concurrent with lysine specific acetylation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Chron Lymphocyt Leukemia Res Consortium, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 11 MA 3357 BP 807A EP 808A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 491WY UT WOS:000172134103370 ER PT J AU Paquette, EL Connelly, RR Sesterhenn, IA Zhang, W Sun, L Paquette, LR Greenspan, R McLeod, DG Moul, JW AF Paquette, EL Connelly, RR Sesterhenn, IA Zhang, W Sun, L Paquette, LR Greenspan, R McLeod, DG Moul, JW TI Improvements in pathologic staging for African-American men undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy during the prostate specific antigen era - Implications for screening a high-risk group for prostate carcinoma SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE prostate carcinoma; racial difference; radical prostatectomy; prostate specific antigen ID POSITIVE SURGICAL MARGINS; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; CLINICAL STAGE; GLEASON SCORE; CANCER; RACE; AGE; TRENDS; ADENOCARCINOMA AB BACKGROUND. The objective was to compare the changes in pathologic and clinical data over time for African-American (AA) and white men with prostate carcinoma undergoing radical prostatectomy in an attempt to determine the early impact of prostate specific antigen (PSA). METHODS. Data from 195 AA and 587 white men who underwent radical prostatectomy from 1988 to 1999 in an equal access, tertiary, military medical facility were collected. Statistical analysis was used to determine the significance of the changes in the rates of extracapsular extension (ECE), positive margins, pretreatment PSA levels, and age at the time of surgery for each race over time. RESULTS. Comparing 1988-99 results, the authors found that the percentage of AA men with ECE decreased from 100% to 34.8% (P = 0.007), and for white men from 56.9% to 43.2% (P = 0.269). The percentage of AA men with positive margins decreased from 100% to 26.1% (P < 0.0001), and for white men from 41.2% to 27.0% (P = 0.021). Mean age at surgery decreased from 66.6 to 59.9 years for AA men (P < 0.001) and from 65.9 to 61.1 years for white men (P < 0.001). Also, PSA levels decreased from 10.1 to 6.6 ng/dL for white men (P < 0.001) and from 16.5 to 6.5 ng/dL for AA men (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS. The authors believe that the decrease in ECE and positive margins in AA men is primarily because of PSA testing, coupled with improved public awareness and equal access to care. It appears reasonable to recommend PSA testing in AA men, who have historically experienced poor outcomes from prostate carcinoma. (C) 2001 American Cancer Society. C1 Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 92 IS 10 BP 2673 EP 2679 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(20011115)92:10<2673::AID-CNCR1621>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 488ZG UT WOS:000171966700023 PM 11745203 ER PT J AU Hambir, SA Kim, H Dlott, DD Frey, RB AF Hambir, SA Kim, H Dlott, DD Frey, RB TI Real time ultrafast spectroscopy of shock front pore collapse SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HOT-SPOT FORMATION; WAVE RISE TIMES; MOLECULAR-SOLIDS; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; COMPRESSION; FILMS; NANOSHOCKS AB Shock-wave induced nanopore collapse (average diameter 100 nm) at 4.2 GPa in a 3-mum-thick poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) layer is measured in real time using coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). Pore collapse is monitored via CARS transitions of a dye probe embedded in the porous medium. A pore collapse time constant of 3 ns in PMMA is in poor agreement with hydrodynamic pore collapse models but in excellent agreement with a viscoplastic model that uses the "shock viscosity" determined from the PMMA viscoelastic response to shock. The shock viscosity is more than 12 orders of magnitude smaller than the ordinary viscosity. A downstream gauge of polycrystalline anthracene monitors changes in the steeply rising shock front (< 25 ps rise time) after passing through the porous medium or a scattering medium with 100-nm-diam scatterers. The anthracene is a two-dimensional (2D) shock gauge that provides a time sequence of CARS spectra S(t,lambda). The 2D gauge is shown to be capable of discriminating between a shock front that gradually rises with time constant t(r) or a bunch of steeply rising shocklets with an arrival time spread equal to t(r). The transmitted shock front is shown to consist of a bunch of steep shocklets with an arrival time spread of 550 ps. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Chem Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Dlott, DD (reprint author), Rudolph Technol, Flanders, NJ 07836 USA. OI Dlott, Dana/0000-0001-8719-7093 NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 10 BP 5139 EP 5146 DI 10.1063/1.1412831 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 488CW UT WOS:000171918700039 ER PT J AU Rehrig, S Fleming, SD Anderson, J Guthridge, JM Rakstang, J McQueen, CE Holers, VM Tsokos, GC Shea-Donohue, T AF Rehrig, S Fleming, SD Anderson, J Guthridge, JM Rakstang, J McQueen, CE Holers, VM Tsokos, GC Shea-Donohue, T TI Complement inhibitor, complement receptor 1-related gene/protein y-Ig attenuates intestinal mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion damage after the onset of injury in mice SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; NITRIC-OXIDE; PROTEIN; SYSTEM; CRRY AB Complement receptor I-related gene/protein y (Crry) is a murine membrane protein that regulates the activity of both classical and alternative complement pathways. We used a recombinant soluble form of Crry fused to the hinge, CH2, and CH3 domains of mouse IgG1 (Crry-Ig) to determine whether inhibition of complement activation prevents and/or reverses mesenteric ischemia/ reperfusion-induced injury in mice. Mice were subjected to 30 min of ischemia, followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Crry-Ig was administered either 5 min before or 30 min after initiation of the reperfusion phase. Pretreatment with Crry-Ig reduced local intestinal mucosal injury and decreased generation of leukotriene B-4 (LTB4). When given 30 min after the beginning of the reperfusion phase, Crry-Ig resulted in a decrease in ischemia/reperfusion-induced intestinal mucosal injury comparable to that occurring when it was given 5 min before initiation of the reperfusion phase. The beneficial effect of Crry-Ig administered 30 min after the initiation of reperfusion coincided with a decrease in PGE(2) generation despite the fact that it did not prevent local infiltration of neutrophils and did not have a significant effect on LTB4 production. These data suggest that complement inhibition protects animals from reperfusion-induced intestinal damage even if administered as late as 30 min into reperfusion and that the mechanism of protection is independent of neutrophil infiltration or LTB4 inhibition. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Immunol, Denver, CO 80206 USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. OI rehrig, scott/0000-0002-1287-9708 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R0-1 AI31105] NR 25 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 167 IS 10 BP 5921 EP 5927 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 491JZ UT WOS:000172106400052 PM 11698469 ER PT J AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH TI Photoprotection of the eye - UV radiation and sunglasses SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ESP Conference on Photoprotection CY MAY 19-22, 2001 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP European Soc Photobiol DE ultraviolet radiation; sunglasses; ocular exposure geometry; cataract; snowblindness; polarized lenses; squinting; coroneo effect ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; OCULAR EXPOSURE; ACTION SPECTRUM; DAMAGE; LIGHT; CORNEA; CATARACT; IRRADIATION; ENDOTHELIUM; WAVELENGTH AB Although most health scientists now agree that health risks to the skin (e.g., skin cancer) exist from exposure to the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. a scientific consensus has not really been achieved vis-a-vis sunlight and ocular health. A growing number of scientists warn of hazards to the eye if ultraviolet radiation - and perhaps even shorter wavelength visible radiation also - is not filtered by lenses. Despite a substantial literature on the adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and intense light upon ocular structures, particularly upon the retina, controversy still surrounds the question of whether the levels of natural and man-made light sources are damaging when encountered under normal viewing conditions. Although scientific evidence accumulates to indicate that chronic exposure conditions may accelerate ageing processes in ocular tissues, the quantitative question of "How much is safe?" remains to be answered conclusively. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 58 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1011-1344 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO B JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. B-Biol. PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2-3 BP 166 EP 175 DI 10.1016/S1011-1344(01)00229-9 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 504PT UT WOS:000172865600011 PM 11744403 ER PT J AU Hevey, M Negley, D VanderZanden, L Tammariello, RF Geisbert, J Schmaljohn, C Smith, JF Jahrling, PB Schmaljohn, AL AF Hevey, M Negley, D VanderZanden, L Tammariello, RF Geisbert, J Schmaljohn, C Smith, JF Jahrling, PB Schmaljohn, AL TI Marburg virus vaccines: comparing classical and new approaches SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Marburg virus; vaccine; guinea pie ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INFECTION; MICE; IMMUNIZATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; AEROSOL; GENES; IGG1 AB An effort to develop a safe and effective vaccine for Marburg virus (MBGV), one of the filoviruses known to cause high mortality rates in humans, led us to compare directly some of the merits of modem versus classical vaccine approaches for this agent. Prior work had established the MBGV-glycoprotein (GP), the only known virion surface antigen, as a candidate for inclusion in a vaccine. In this study we vaccinated groups of Hartley guinea pigs with killed MBGV, live attenuated MBGV. soluble MBGV-GP expressed by baculovirus recombinants, MBGV-GP delivered as a DNA vaccine. or MBGV-GP delivered via an alphavirus RNA replicon. Serological responses were evaluated. and animals were challenged with a lethal dose of MBGV given either subcutaneously or via aerosol. Killed MBGV and replicon-delivered MBGV-GP were notably immunogenic and protective against MBGV, but results did not exclude any approach and suggested a role for DNA vaccines in immunological priming. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schmaljohn, AL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 12 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 586 EP 593 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00353-X PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 492DP UT WOS:000172153400038 PM 11672925 ER PT J AU Hart, MK Lind, C Bakken, R Robertson, M Tammariello, R Ludwig, GV AF Hart, MK Lind, C Bakken, R Robertson, M Tammariello, R Ludwig, GV TI Onset and duration of protective immunity to IA/IB and IE strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in vaccinated mice SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus vaccines; immunity; cross-protection ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; MUTATIONS; MUTANTS; COMPLEX AB Three vaccines developed for protection against IA/IB subtypes of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus were evaluated in mice for the ability to protect against systemic and mucosal challenges with a virulent virus of the IE subtype. The vaccines were the formaldehyde-inactivated C-84 and live attenuated TC-83 vaccines currently administered to people under investigational new drug (IND) status, and a new live attenuated vaccine candidate. V3526. V3526 was superior for inducing protection to VEE IA/IB within a week of vaccination. and protection persisted for at least a year. All three vaccines induced long-term clinical protection against peripheral or mucosal challenge with IE virus, with the mucosal immunity induced by attenuated vaccines lasting longer than that induced by the inactivated vaccine. These data show that the molecularly cloned V3526 vaccine induces equivalent or improved immunity to homologous and heterologous VEE viruses than the existing vaccines. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Hart, MK (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 12 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 616 EP 622 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00337-1 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 492DP UT WOS:000172153400042 PM 11672929 ER PT J AU Fellows, PF Linscott, MK Ivins, BE Pitt, MLM Rossi, CA Gibbs, PH Friedlander, AM AF Fellows, PF Linscott, MK Ivins, BE Pitt, MLM Rossi, CA Gibbs, PH Friedlander, AM TI Efficacy of a human anthrax vaccine in guinea pigs, rabbits, and rhesus macaques against challenge by Bacillus anthracis isolates of diverse geographical origin (vol 19, pg 3241, 2001) SO VACCINE LA English DT Correction C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Biometr & Informat Management Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Fellows, PF (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 12 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 635 EP 635 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00411-X PG 1 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 492DP UT WOS:000172153400045 ER PT J AU Friedlander, AM AF Friedlander, AM TI Microbiology - Tackling anthrax SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Friedlander, AM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 11 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 8 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 8 PY 2001 VL 414 IS 6860 BP 160 EP 161 DI 10.1038/35102660 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 490AY UT WOS:000172029100029 PM 11700539 ER PT J AU Xiao, ZL Waters, NC Woodard, CL Li, ZY Li, PK AF Xiao, ZL Waters, NC Woodard, CL Li, ZY Li, PK TI Design and synthesis of Pfmrk inhibitors as potential antimalarial agents SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITORS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PROTEIN-KINASE AB The synthesis and inhibitory activities of 10 potential inhibitors of Pfmrk, a Plasmodium falciparum cyclin-dependent protein kinase, are described. The most potent inhibitor is a 3-phenyl-quinolinone compound with an IC50 value of 18 muM. It is the first compound reported to inhibit Pfmrk at the micro molar range. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Pharm, Div Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Li, PK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Pharm, Div Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 13 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2001 VL 11 IS 21 BP 2875 EP 2878 DI 10.1016/S0960-894X(01)00578-9 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 484JF UT WOS:000171685900020 PM 11597420 ER PT J AU Krupinski, EA Radvany, M Levy, A Ballenger, D Tucker, J Chacko, A VanMetter, R AF Krupinski, EA Radvany, M Levy, A Ballenger, D Tucker, J Chacko, A VanMetter, R TI Enhanced visualization processing: Effect on workflow SO ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enhanced visualization; workflow; PACS; image processing ID COMMUNICATION-SYSTEMS; OBSERVER PERFORMANCE; VISUAL-SEARCH; DISPLAY; PACS; MONITOR; SCALE; TIME; FILM AB Rationale and Objectives. Soft-copy viewing of digital radiographs allows for image processing to improve visualization of anatomy and lesions, but it can take more time than film-based viewing. Enhanced visualization processing (EVP) was developed to increase the latitude of an image without reducing the vital contrast, potentially reducing the need for the radiologist to manipulate images. This study examined the influence of processing radiographic images with EVP on workflow in a picture archiving and communications system (PACS). Materials and Methods. Portable computed radiographic chest images were obtained and processed either with EVP or without. A security camera with a videocassette recorder was positioned above the PACS workstation. Four radiologists reviewed the images during their normal work schedule. The current diagnostic image was used to determine if the case contained EVP or non-EVP images. The videotapes of the sessions were reviewed to determine diagnostic viewing times and how zoom and/or window and level manipulation was used. Results. Viewing time was significantly longer for the non-EVP than the EVP cases. The difference occurred with all readers. Window and level manipulation was used on 35% of the EVP and 41% of the non-EVP images. Zoom was used on 64% of the EVP and 69% of the non-EVP images. Average time spent using zoom and window and level manipulation was significantly shorter with the EVP than with the non-EVP images. Conclusion. EVP of chest images displayed on PACS monitors significantly improved work-flow as measured by viewing time. EVP decreased use of window and level manipulation and zooming and the amount of time each one was used. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Radiol, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Kodak Hlth Imaging, Rochester, NY USA. RP Krupinski, EA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Radiol, 1609 N Warren,Bldg 211,Rm 112, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC UNIV RADIOLOGISTS PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523-2251 USA SN 1076-6332 J9 ACAD RADIOL JI Acad. Radiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1127 EP 1133 DI 10.1016/S1076-6332(03)80725-0 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 489JH UT WOS:000171987900007 PM 11721812 ER PT J AU Norris, DE Wilson, DK Thomson, DW AF Norris, DE Wilson, DK Thomson, DW TI Correlations between acoustic travel-time fluctuations and turbulence in the atmospheric surface layer SO ACUSTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Tomography and Acoustic - Recent Development and Methods CY MAR 06-07, 2001 CL UNIV LEIPZIG, LEIPZIG, GERMANY HO UNIV LEIPZIG ID SOUND-PROPAGATION; TOMOGRAPHY AB The effects of atmospheric turbulence on propagating acoustic signals are studied by making spatially distributed, concurrent acoustic and turbulence measurements. The acoustic frequencies were below 600 Hz, the ranges under 200 in, and meteorological field conditions convectively neutral and windy. Phase fluctuations along the tine-of-sight propagation paths are found to be dominated by a coherent travel-time delay across frequency. This coherence is not consistently observed for downwind propagation, where multiple paths may exist. Two-point frequency coherence functions are computed and consistent with frequency-independent travel-time delays across the signal. The time scales of the phase and travel-time fluctuations correspond to the large-scale (> 100 m) turbulent velocity fluctuations. Time series of angles of arrival are computed and shown to correlate well with velocity fluctuations. Measured phase and intensity statistics are used to classify the propagation. Lower frequency observations are consistent with a geometrical acoustic model in the presence of strong scattering, white higher frequencies show evidence of strong scattering and partial to full saturation. C1 Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Norris, DE (reprint author), BBN Technol, 1300 N 17th St, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0001-7884 J9 ACUSTICA JI Acustica PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 87 IS 6 BP 677 EP 684 PG 8 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 521VN UT WOS:000173862200006 ER PT J AU Ostashev, VE Wilson, DK AF Ostashev, VE Wilson, DK TI Log-amplitude and phase fluctuations of a plane wave propagating through anisotropic, inhomogeneous turbulence SO ACUSTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Tomography and Acoustic - Recent Development and Methods CY MAR 06-07, 2001 CL UNIV LEIPZIG, LEIPZIG, GERMANY HO UNIV LEIPZIG ID SURFACE-LAYER TURBULENCE; SOUND AB The correlation functions and variances of log-amplitude and phase fluctuations are important statistical characteristics of a plane sound wave propagating in a turbulent medium. For line-of-sight sound propagation through isotropic, homogeneous turbulence with temperature and velocity fluctuations, formulas for these correlation functions and variances are given in [V. E. Ostashev: Acoustics in Moving Inhomogeneous Media, E&FN SPON, London, 1997]. In the present paper, starting from the parabolic equation for a sound field and using the Rytov method and Markov approximation, we derive more general formulas for the correlation functions and variances of log-amplitude and phase fluctuatins of a plane sound wave propagating through anisotropic, inhomogeneous turbulence. The effects of turbulence anisotropy and inhomogeneity on these correlation functions and variances are studied numerically with the use of Mann's spectrum for shear-produced, atmospheric turbulence. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0001-7884 J9 ACUSTICA JI Acustica PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 87 IS 6 BP 685 EP 694 PG 10 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 521VN UT WOS:000173862200007 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK Ziemann, A Ostashev, VE Voronovich, AG AF Wilson, DK Ziemann, A Ostashev, VE Voronovich, AG TI An overview of acoustic travel-time tomography in the atmosphere and its potential applications SO ACUSTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Tomography and Acoustics - Recent Development and Methods CY MAR 06-07, 2001 CL UNIV LEIPZIG, LEIPZIG, GERMANY HO UNIV LEIPZIG ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE-LAYER; DOPPLER LIDAR; TURBULENCE; LOCALIZATION; PROPAGATION; AIRCRAFT; PROFILES; ANIMALS AB Acoustic travel-time tomography of the atmosphere has been successfully demonstrated in several field studies during the past decade. This paper discusses potential applications where tomography can provide valuable information on the atmosphere, focusing on four particularly promising ones: (1) imaging the four-dimensional velocity and temperature fields of near-ground flow structures including testing the homogeneity of micro-meteorological measurement sites; (2) using the spatial averaging characteristic of tomography to validate large-eddy simulation closure models; (3) providing data on very stable boundary layers, where current numerical simulations do not work well; and (4) passive localization of sound sources in the atmosphere by accounting for atmospheric refraction and advection. With regard to this fourth application, a new technique is discussed for localization of sound sources with simultaneous reconstruction of the vertical wind and temperature profiles. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,EP, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Leipzig, Inst Meteorol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,EP, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM dkwilson@arl.army.mil; ziemann@rz.uni-leipzig.de; Vladimir.Ostashev@noaa.gov; Alexander.Voronovich@noaa.gov RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0001-7884 J9 ACUSTICA JI Acustica PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 87 IS 6 BP 721 EP 730 PG 10 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 521VN UT WOS:000173862200012 ER PT J AU Spiller, RJ AF Spiller, RJ TI Our chances of a happier ending (The role of history in America's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001) SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Article C1 US Army Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. RP Spiller, RJ (reprint author), US Army Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 52 IS 8 BP 30 EP 31 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 491TE UT WOS:000172124300032 ER PT J AU Tang, DC Prauner, R Liu, WL Kim, KH Hirsch, RP Driscoll, MC Rodgers, GP AF Tang, DC Prauner, R Liu, WL Kim, KH Hirsch, RP Driscoll, MC Rodgers, GP TI Polymorphisms within the angiotensinogen gene (GT-repeat) and the risk of stroke in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease: A case-control study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE angiotensinogen; GT-repeat; stroke; sickle cell diseases ID HUMAN ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; RELATIVE HYPERTENSION; INHIBITION; LINKAGE; LOCUS; MICE AB Stroke is one of the most devastating complications of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Currently, there are no known molecular or genetic markers that can be used to assess the risk of stroke in this population. We have previously shown that relative hypertension may be one risk factor for stroke in SCD. In a case-control study, we Investigated the association between GT-repeat polymorphism within the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and the risk of stroke in pediatric patients with SCD. After informed consent was obtained, 63 patients (21 stroke subjects and 42 nonstroke control subjects matched according to age and sex) with SCD followed at local pediatric hematology clinics were genotyped to test the association of specific GT-repeat alleles of the AGT gene and occurrence of stroke. There were statistical differences in the distribution of the genotypes among stroke and nonstroke SCD patients (chi (2) = 10.82, df = 11, P < 0.05). We also found GT-repeat alleles A3 and/or A4 of the AGT gene conferred a four-fold increase in the risk of stroke (odds ratio [OR] = 4, P < 0.05). The attributable odds ratio for allele A3 and A4 is 2.24 and 4.33, respectively (P < 0.005). Our results suggest that GT-repeat within the AGT gene may be associated with risk of stroke in pediatric SCID. The relative risk of stroke in the presence of alleles A3 and/or A4 is fourfold greater than In the absence of these alleles. If these data are substantiated in a larger cohort of patients, our results indicate that the determination of GT-repeat of AGT gene may be a useful genetic marker to assess the risk for stroke of patients with SCD. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 NIDDK, Mol & Clin Hematol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Stat, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol & Bone Marrow Transplantat, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Rodgers, GP (reprint author), NIDDK, Mol & Clin Hematol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 9N119, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 68 IS 3 BP 164 EP 169 DI 10.1002/ajh.1173 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 482UM UT WOS:000171595700005 PM 11754397 ER PT J AU Ng, D Mowrey, P Ragoussis, J Mirza, G Coll, E Di Fazio, MP Turner, C Levin, SW AF Ng, D Mowrey, P Ragoussis, J Mirza, G Coll, E Di Fazio, MP Turner, C Levin, SW TI Molecularly defined interstitial tandem duplication 6p case with mild manifestations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE pure 6p duplication; FISH; developmental delay ID DELETION SYNDROME; REGION; MAP AB An interstitial tandem duplication of 6p21.1-p22.2 was found in a girl at 11 months of age when she was evaluated for developmental delay. Previous cases reported with partial 6p duplication usually have involved terminal duplications, with breakpoints ranging from 6p11 to 6p25. Our patient exhibits a milder phenotype compared to the previously reported cases in the literature. Features that she has in common with the other cases include craniofacial anomalies, such as broad nasal bridge and bulbous tip, thin lips, incomplete development of the scapha helix bilaterally, mild spastic paraparesis of the lower extremities, gross motor delay, and mild cognitive delays. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Genet Sect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NICHHD, Heritable Disorders Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. LabCorp, Dept Cytogenet, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Kings Coll London, GKT Med Sch, Div Med Mol Genet, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP Levin, SW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Genet Sect, Bldg 41, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM sondra.levin@na.amedd.army.mil NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 103 IS 4 BP 320 EP 325 DI 10.1002/1096-8628(20011101)103:4<320::AID-AJMG1577>3.3.CO;2-A PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 485KB UT WOS:000171752600010 PM 11746013 ER PT J AU Gray, RH Wabwire-Mangen, F Kigozi, G Sewankambo, NK Serwadda, D Moulton, LH Quinn, TC O'Brien, KL Meehan, M Abramowsky, C Robb, M Wawer, MJ AF Gray, RH Wabwire-Mangen, F Kigozi, G Sewankambo, NK Serwadda, D Moulton, LH Quinn, TC O'Brien, KL Meehan, M Abramowsky, C Robb, M Wawer, MJ TI Randomized trial of presumptive sexually transmitted disease therapy during pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted disease; HIV; birth weight; preterm; neonatal death; perinatal HIV transmission ID GENITAL-TRACT INFECTIONS; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; RURAL TANZANIA; PRETERM DELIVERY; COMMUNITY TRIAL; HIV-INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; METRONIDAZOLE; NEWBORN AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess presumptive sexually transmitted disease treatment on pregnancy outcome and HIV transmission. STUDY DESIGN: In a randomized trial in Rakai District, Uganda, 2070 pregnant women received presumptive sexually transmitted disease treatment 1 time during pregnancy at varying gestations, and 1963 control mothers received iron/folate and referral for syphilis. Maternal-infant sexually transmitted disease/HIV and infant outcomes were assessed. Intent-to-treat analyses estimated adjusted rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Sexually transmitted diseases were reduced: Trichomonas vaginalis (rate ratio, 0.28; 95% Cl, 0.18%-0.49%), bacterial vaginosis (rate ratio, 0.78; 95% Cl, 0.69-0.87), Neisseria gonorrhoeae/Chlamydia trachomatis (rate ratio, 0.43; 95% Cl, 0.27-0.68), and infant ophthalmia (rate ratio, 0.37; 95% Cl, 0.20-0.70). There were reduced rates of neonatal death (rate ratio, 0.83; 95% Cl, 0.71-0.97), low birth weight (rate ratio, 0.68; 95% Cl, 0.53-0.86), and preterm delivery (rate ratio, 0.77; 95% Cl, 0.56-1.05); but there were no effects on maternal HIV acquisition or perinatal HIV transmission. CONCLUSION: Reductions of maternal sexually transmitted disease improved pregnancy outcome but not maternal HIV acquisition or perinatal HIV transmission. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Makerere Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Rakai Project, Entebbe, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Dept Med, Kampala, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Clin Epidemiol Unit, Kampala, Uganda. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Populat & Family Hlth, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gray, RH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Suite 4030,615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. OI Sewankambo, Nelson/0000-0001-9362-053X; Moulton, Lawrence/0000-0001-7041-7387 FU FIC NIH HHS [5D43TW00010]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI3426S, R01 AI34826]; NICHD NIH HHS [5P30HD06826] NR 25 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 185 IS 5 BP 1209 EP 1217 DI 10.1067/mob.2001.118158 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 496LB UT WOS:000172396100037 PM 11717659 ER PT J AU Zhao, BT Bowden, RA Stavchansky, SA Bowman, PD AF Zhao, BT Bowden, RA Stavchansky, SA Bowman, PD TI Human endothelial cell response to gram-negative lipopolysaccharide assessed with cDNA microarrays SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endothelium; endotoxin; gene expression profiling ID NF-KAPPA-B; ALTERED GENE-EXPRESSION; LYSYL OXIDASE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; SEVERE SEPSIS; HUMAN GENOME; ENDOTOXIN; LPS; INFLAMMATION; METABOLISM AB To assess the feasibility of using cDNA microarrays to understand the response of endothelial cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to evaluate potentially beneficial agents in treatment of septic shock, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to Escherichia coli LPS for 1, 4, 7, 12, or 24 h. Total RNA was isolated and reverse-transcribed into (33)P-labeled cDNA probes that were hybridized to human GeneFilter microarrays containing similar to4,000 genes. The mRNA levels of several genes known to respond to LPS changed after stimulation. In addition, a number of genes not previously implicated in the response of endothelial cells to LPS also appeared to be altered in expression. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) was shown to play an important role in regulating genes identified from the microarray studies. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with a specific NF-kappaB translocation inhibitor eliminated most of the alterations in gene expression. Quantitative RT-PCR results independently confirmed the microarray results for monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-8, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays demonstrated that augmented transcription was followed by translation and secretion. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res & Clin Invest, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Div Pharmaceut, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Bowman, PD (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM phillip.bowman@amedd.army.mil NR 40 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 281 IS 5 BP C1587 EP C1595 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 484MP UT WOS:000171694400021 PM 11600422 ER PT J AU Durbin, AP Karron, RA Sun, W Vaughn, DW Reynolds, MJ Perreault, JR Thumar, B Men, R Lai, CJ Elkins, WR Chanock, RM Murphy, BR Whitehead, SS AF Durbin, AP Karron, RA Sun, W Vaughn, DW Reynolds, MJ Perreault, JR Thumar, B Men, R Lai, CJ Elkins, WR Chanock, RM Murphy, BR Whitehead, SS TI Attenuation and immunogenicity in humans of a live dengue virus type-4 vaccine candidate with a 30 nucleotide deletion in its 3 '-untranslated region SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-FEVER; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; VOLUNTEERS; CONSTRUCTION; GENES; IMMUNIZATION; RECOMBINANT; RESPONSES; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN AB The recombinant dengue virus type-4 vaccine candidate 2A Delta 30 was attenuated in rhesus monkeys due to an engineered 30-nucleotide deletion in the 3'-untranslated region of the viral genome. A clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of 2A Delta 30 was conducted with 20 adult human volunteers. The vaccine candidate was well tolerated and did not cause systemic illness in any of the 20 volunteers. Viremia was detectable in 14 volunteers at a mean level of 1.6 log(10) plaque-forming units/ml of serum, although all 20 volunteers seroconverted with a seven-fold or greater increase in serum neutralizing antibody titer on day 28 post-vaccination (mean titer = 1:580). A mild, asymptomatic, macular rash developed in 10 volunteers, and a transient elevation in the serum level of alanine aminotransferase was noted in five volunteers. The low level of reactogenicity and high degree of immunogenicity of this vaccine candidate warrant its further evaluation and its use to create chimeric vaccine viruses expressing the structural genes of dengue virus types 1, 2, and 3. C1 NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Immunizat Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Whitehead, SS (reprint author), NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 7,Room 100,7 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 43 TC 167 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 405 EP 413 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700004 PM 11716091 ER PT J AU Troyer, JM Hanley, KA Whitehead, SS Strickman, D Karron, RA Durbin, AP Murphy, BR AF Troyer, JM Hanley, KA Whitehead, SS Strickman, D Karron, RA Durbin, AP Murphy, BR TI A live attenuated recombinant dengue-4 virus vaccine candidate with restricted capacity for dissemination in mosquitoes and lack of transmission from vaccinees to mosquitoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; ORAL INFECTION; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; CONSTRUCTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VIREMIA; IMPACT; TYPE-4; GENES AB 2A Delta 30 is a live dengue-4 virus vaccine candidate with a 30-nucleotide deletion in its 3'-untranslated region. To assess the transmissibility of 2A Delta 30 by mosquitoes, we compared its in vivo replication in mosquitoes with that of its wild type DEN-4 parent. Both the vaccine candidate and wild type virus were equally able to infect the mosquito Toxorhynchites splendens after intrathoracic inoculation. Relative to its wild type parent, 2A Delta 30 was slightly restricted in its ability to infect the midgut of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes fed on an artificial blood meal and was even more restricted in its ability to disseminate from the midgut to the salivary glands. Thus, the 30-nucleotide deletion rendered the vaccine candidate more sensitive than its wild type parent to the mosquito rnidgut escape barrier. Most significantly, 2A Delta 30 was not transmitted to 352 Ae. albopictus mosquitoes fed on 10 vaccinees. all of whom were infected with the vaccine candidate. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Troyer, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, 503 Robert Grant Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 34 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 414 EP 419 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700005 PM 11716092 ER PT J AU Wongsrichanalai, C Lin, K Pang, LW Faiz, MA Noedl, H Wimonwattrawatee, T Laoboonchai, A Kawamoto, F AF Wongsrichanalai, C Lin, K Pang, LW Faiz, MA Noedl, H Wimonwattrawatee, T Laoboonchai, A Kawamoto, F TI In vitro susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Myanmar to antimalarial drugs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; SENSITIVITY; THAILAND; MALARIA AB In vitro drug susceptibility profiles were assessed in 75 Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 4 sites in Myanmar. Except at Mawlamyine, the site closest to the Thai border, prevalence and degree of resistance to mefloquine were lower among the Myanmar isolates as compared with those from Thailand. Geometric mean concentration that inhibits 50% (IC50) and 90% (IC90) of Mawlamyine isolates were 51 nM (95% confidence interval [CI], 40-65) and 124 nM (95% Cl, 104-149), respectively. At the nearest Thai site, Maesod, known for high-level multidrug resistance, the corresponding values for mefloquine IC50 and IC90 were 92 nM (95% Cl, 71-121) and 172 nM (95% CI, 140-211). Mefloquine susceptibility of P. falciparum in Myanmar, except for Mawlamyine, was consistent with clinical-parasitological efficacy in semi-immune people. High sensitivity to artemisinin compounds was observed in this geographical region. The data suggest that highly mefloquine-resistant P. falciparum is concentrated in a part of the Thai-Myanmar border region. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Minist Hlth, Dept Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Control Project, Yangon, Myanmar. Chittagong Med Coll, Dept Med, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Univ Vienna, Inst Pathophysiol, Dept Specif Prophylaxis & Trop Med, Vienna, Austria. Nagoya Univ, Sch Med, Dept Int Hlth, Nagoya, Aichi 466, Japan. RP Wongsrichanalai, C (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 450 EP 455 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700010 PM 11716097 ER PT J AU Duarte, EC Pang, LW Ribeiro, LC Fontes, CJF AF Duarte, EC Pang, LW Ribeiro, LC Fontes, CJF TI Association of subtherapeutic dosages of a standard drug regimen with failures in preventing relapses of vivax malaria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; PRIMAQUINE; GUATEMALA AB This study evaluated the cure rate of the standard recommended regimen for Plasmodium vivax malaria in Brazil and assessed risk factors for failures. Fifty patients with vivax malaria given supervised medical treatment (standard dose of chloroquine: total dose = 1.5 g over a three-day period plus primaquine: total dose = 210 mg over a 14-day period) were followed for six months in a non-endemic area. Cox's regression was used to identify predictors of relapses. Among the 289 patient-months of follow-up, seven relapses were identified (2.4 relapses per 100 person-months) between 33 and 137 days after treatment initiation. Risk factors for relapses (P less than or equal to 0.05) were female sex, higher parasitemia at baseline, shorter number of days with symptoms prior to baseline, and lower mg/kg dose of primaquine. Relapses following supervised vivax treatment is in principle a necessary, but not sufficient, component of in vivo parasite resistance. Results indicate that other factors, principally sub-therapeutic primaquine doses, may explain the occurrence of vivax treatment failures. C1 Minist Hlth, Natl Hlth Fdn, FUNASA MT, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil. Trop Nucleo Estudos Doencas Infecciosas & Trop Ma, BR-78070730 Cuiaba, MT, Brazil. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Bangkok, Thailand. Mato Grosso Fed Univ, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil. RP Duarte, EC (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Natl Hlth Fdn, FUNASA MT, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 471 EP 476 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700013 PM 11716100 ER PT J AU Kollars, TM Tippayachai, B Bodhidatta, D AF Kollars, TM Tippayachai, B Bodhidatta, D TI Short report: Thai tick typhus, Rickettsia honei, and a unique Rickettsia detected in Ixodes granulatus (Ixodidae : Acari) from Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP AB A unique Rickettsia species (Rickettsia thailandii sp. nov.) was identified in an Ixodes granulatus by use of polymerase chain reaction heteroduplex mobility assay by use of segments of the citrate synthase gene. This tick was collected from Rattus rattus from Nakhon Ratchasima province in 1970. Another I. granulatus was infected with Thai tick typhus strain TT-118, Rickettsia honei sp. nov. Stenos, Roux, Walker & Raoult; this tick was removed from a R. rattus collected 4 years later from the same province. Ixodes granulatus is the first tick species in Australasia shown to be infected with R. honei and the unique Rickettsia species. C1 USA, Dept Entomol, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Royal Thai Army Component, Div Res, Dept Pathol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Kollars, TM (reprint author), CHPPM, Entomol Sci Program, Mol Biol Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 8 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 535 EP 537 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700023 PM 11716110 ER PT J AU Wortmann, G Sweeney, C Houng, HS Aronson, N Stiteler, J Jackson, J Ockenhouse, C AF Wortmann, G Sweeney, C Houng, HS Aronson, N Stiteler, J Jackson, J Ockenhouse, C TI Rapid diagnosis of leishmaniasis by fluorogenic polymerase chain reaction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WORLD LEISHMANIASIS; KINETOPLAST DNA; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; SEQUENCE; VIANNIA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; PRODUCT AB A fluorescent DNA probe (LEIS.P1) specific for a conserved region of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene of Leishmania and a pair of flanking primers (LEIS.U1 and LEIS.L1) were designed for use in a fluorogenic polymerase chain reaction. Optimal assay conditions with zero background were established to detect low levels of Leishmania from clinical samples. By use of this assay, we amplified DNA from 27 strains of cultured Leishmania (both Old and New World strains) and selectively amplified Leishmania DNA from 12 paraffin-embedded human biopsy samples and 3 fresh human skin biopsy specimens. For the fresh human tissue biopsies, the turnaround time from biopsy to test result was < 24 hr. No amplification was detected in negative control samples (including the kinetoplastid protozoa Trypanosoma rangelli and Crithidia fasiculata). This assay provides a specific and rapid diagnostic modality to detect infection with Leishmania. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Wortmann, G (reprint author), Infect Dis Clin, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 23 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 583 EP 587 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700031 PM 11716118 ER PT J AU Walz, SE Baqar, S Beecham, HJ Echeverria, P Lebron, C McCarthy, M Kuschner, R Bowling, S Bourgeois, AL Scott, DA AF Walz, SE Baqar, S Beecham, HJ Echeverria, P Lebron, C McCarthy, M Kuschner, R Bowling, S Bourgeois, AL Scott, DA TI Pre-exposure anti-Campylobacter jejuni immunoglobulin A levels associated with reduced risk of Campylobacter diarrhea in adults traveling to Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CIPROFLOXACIN; IMMUNITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AZITHROMYCIN; INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; MUCOSAL AB Diarrhea history questionnaires were administered to 369 U.S. military volunteers before and after deployment to Thailand. Additionally, blood samples obtained from a subset of 221 volunteers 1-3 weeks previously and 3-4 weeks after their deployment were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin A to Campylobacter jejuni. Stool samples from personnel (including volunteers) contracting diarrhea in Thailand were cultured for enteric pathogens. Overall, 35.2% (130 of 369) of questionnaire respondents reported one or more diarrhea episodes during their trip. Volunteers with pretravel anti-C. jejuni reciprocal titers less than or equal to 450 were 1.6 times as likely to have had diarrhea during their stay in Thailand compared with those with pretravel titers > 450 (39.7% versus 25.3%; P = 0.05). The symptomatic seroconversion, or attributable Campylobacter diarrhea attack rate, for the I-month exercise was 12.7% (28 of 221). The symptomatic seroconversion rate in nonimmune (titer less than or equal to 450) volunteers was 17.1%, whereas that in immune volunteers was only 4.0% (P = 0.002). Campylobacter jejuni or C. coli were recovered from 32.9% (56 of 170) of stool samples cultured and were the most commonly identified enteropathogens. Campylobacter diarrhea was associated with elevated temperatures, fecal red cells, and fecal white blood cells. The results of this study show that Campylobacter continues to represent a significant health threat to Western travelers to Thailand, but many of these travelers have preexisting Campylobacter immunity that protects them from clinically significant Campylobacter enteritis. C1 Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 6, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Walz, SE (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis directorate, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 652 EP 656 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700045 PM 11716132 ER PT J AU Johnson, MC Walker, D Clark, SM Jones, RL AF Johnson, MC Walker, D Clark, SM Jones, RL TI Thermal decomposition of rhombohedral KClO3 from 29-76 kilobars and implications for the molar volume of fluid oxygen at high pressures SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-HALIDES; HIGH-DENSITY; STATE; EQUATION; GPA; TEMPERATURE; COMPRESSION; NACL AB KClO3 thermal decomposition has been studied from 29-76 kilobars using a multianvil high-pressure device and in-situ energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction and off-line quenching experiments. The rhombohedral form of KClO3 was found to decompose to the B2 form of KCl and O-2 via an orthorhombic KClO4 intermediate over this pressure interval. The decomposition temperature was found to vary only slightly with pressure. The online experiments gave decomposition temperatures between 500 and 580 degreesC. Further off-line quenching experiments using sealed gold tubes determined the equilibrium decomposition boundary to be 550 +/- 15 degreesC over this pressure range. Unit-cell parameters and volumes were determined for the high-pressure phases of KClO3 and KCl from the diffraction data. The partial molar volume of O-2 was calculated from the difference in the solid volumes. Oxygen fluid volumes were then calculated along the decomposition boundary and vary from 10.6 +/- 0.2 cm(3)/mol at 29 kbar to 9.6 +/- 0.1 cm(3)/mol at 76 kbar. These volumes are 30 to 50% less than previous estimates determined from shock wave data, and imply that oxygen can be more easily stored in Earth's mantle and core than previously believed. The thermal equation of state of the B2 form of KCl was investigated online using NaCl as an internal pressure standard. KCl was then used as an internal pressure calibrant for the online KClO3 decomposition experiments. The mechanical behavior of the multianvil high-pressure device was also studied and. load vs. force characteristics are presented here. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. CLRC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Johnson, MC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RI Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 86 IS 11-12 BP 1367 EP 1379 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 496VF UT WOS:000172417200005 ER PT J AU Shapiro, AJ Dinsmore, MRC North, JH AF Shapiro, AJ Dinsmore, MRC North, JH TI Tensile strength of wound closure with cyanoacrylate glue SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern-Surgical-Congress CY FEB 02-06, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP SE Surg Congress ID OCTYLCYANOACRYLATE TISSUE ADHESIVE; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; LACERATIONS; REPAIR AB 2-Octyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive is increasingly being used for closure of traumatic lacerations. Data regarding the strength of incisions closed with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate are limited. We compared the strength of disruption of closure with glue with that of more conventional methods of wound closure. Segments of fresh porcine skin measuring 3.5 x 10 cm were approximated by one of four methods: 1) 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue, 2) surgical staples, 3) 0.5 inch Steri-Strips, and 4) interrupted 4-0 poliglecaprone 25 sutures in a subcuticular fashion. Fifteen specimens were used to test each type of closure. The strength of closure was tested on an Instron 4502 tension-ometer. The peak force required for disruption of the closure was recorded and the strength of the closure was compared. Staples provided the strongest closure. Skin glue proved superior to Steri-Strips but inferior to stapled closure. The difference between skin glue and suture closure was not statistically significant (P = 0.12). Patterns of failure differed between the groups. Skin glue failed because of disruption of the skin-glue interface. 2-Octyl cyanoacrylate glue provides a wound closure that is similar to closure with an interrupted subcuticular absorbable suture. This study validates the clinical use of skin glue for closure of surgical incisions. The technique should be used with caution in areas of the body that are subject to tension. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP North, JH (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 10 TC 38 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 67 IS 11 BP 1113 EP 1115 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 493DD UT WOS:000172206000022 PM 11730233 ER PT J AU Smee, DF Bray, M Huggins, JW AF Smee, DF Bray, M Huggins, JW TI Antiviral activity and mode of action studies of ribavirin and mycophenolic acid against orthopoxviruses in vitro SO ANTIVIRAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE antiviral; ribavirin; mycophenolic acid; inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase; orthopoxvirus ID RECALCITRANT MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM; VIRUS RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; TOPICAL CIDOFOVIR; MICE; MOFETIL; MECHANISM; EFFICACY; VIRAZOLE; INHIBITION AB Two inhibitors of cellular inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, mycophenolic acid (MPA) and ribavirin, were evaluated for inhibitory activity against orthopoxviruses. Unrelated antipoxvirus agents tested for comparison included 6-azauridine, cidofovir (HPMPC) and cyclic HPMPC. MPA inhibited camelpox, cowpox, monkeypox and vaccinia viruses by 50% in plaque reduction assays at 0.2-3 muM in African green monkey kidney (Vero 76) and mouse 3T3 cells. Ribavirin was considerably more active in 3T3 cells (50% inhibition at 2-12 muM) than in Vero 76 cells (inhibitory at 30-250 muM) against these viruses. In cytotoxicity assays, MPA and ribavirin were more toxic to replicating cells than to stationary cell monolayers, with greater toxicity seen in 3T3 than in Vero 76 cells. The superior antiviral potency and increased toxicity of ribavirin in 3T3 cells was related to greater accumulation of mono-, di- and triphosphate forms of the drug compared with Vero 76 cells. For both IMPA and ribavirin, virus inhibition was closely correlated to the extent of suppression of intracellular guanosine triphosphate (GTP) pools. Treatment with extracellular guanosine (which restored intracellular GTP levels) did not lead to complete reversal of the anticowpox virus activity of ribavirin. This suggests that other modes of virus inhibition also appear to contribute to the anti-orthopoxvirus activity of ribavirin. Biological differences in mode of action and immunosuppressive potential between ribavirin and MPA may account for why the former compound is active against orthopoxvirus infections in animals and the latter inhibitor is not. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Smee, DF (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 41 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 0956-3202 J9 ANTIVIR CHEM CHEMOTH JI Antivir. Chem. Chemother. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 12 IS 6 BP 327 EP 335 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 587EC UT WOS:000177626700002 PM 12018677 ER PT J AU Idwasi, PO Small, GW Combs, RJ Knapp, RB Kroutil, RT AF Idwasi, PO Small, GW Combs, RJ Knapp, RB Kroutil, RT TI Multiple filtering strategy for the automated detection of ethanol by passive Fourier transform infrared spectrometry SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; Fourier transform infrared spectrometry; digital filtering; pattern recognition ID PIECEWISE-LINEAR DISCRIMINANTS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION ANALYSIS; SENSING MEASUREMENTS; OPTIMIZATION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; INTERFEROGRAMS; DESIGN; VAPOR AB Digital filtering methods are evaluated for use in the automated detection of ethanol from passive Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data collected during laboratory and open-air remote sensing experiments. In applications in which analyte signals are overwhelmed by the overlapping signals of an interference, the use of multiple digital filters is observed to improve the sensitivity of the analyte detection. The detection strategy is based on the application of bandpass digital filters to short segments of the interferogram data collected by the FT-IR spectrometer. To implement the automated detection of a target analyte, the filtered interferogram segments are supplied as input to piecewise linear discriminant analysis. Through the use of a set of training data, discriminants are computed that can subsequently be applied to detect the presence of the analyte in an automated manner. This research focuses on the detection of ethanol vapor in the presence of an ammonia interference. A two-filter detection strategy based on the use of separate ethanol and ammonia filters is compared to an approach based on a single ethanol filter. Bandpass parameters of the digital filters and the interferogram. segment location are optimized through the use of laboratory data in which ethanol and ammonia vapors are generated in a gas cell and viewed against various infrared background radiances. The filter and segment parameters obtained through this optimization are subsequently tested with field remote sensing data collected when the spectrometer is allowed to view ethanol and ammonia plumes generated from a heated stack. The two-filter strategy is found to outperform the single-filter approach with both the laboratory and field data in situations in which the ammonia interference dominates the ethanol signature. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USA, SBCCOM, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Small, GW (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 55 IS 11 BP 1544 EP 1552 DI 10.1366/0003702011953784 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 494UQ UT WOS:000172304600017 ER PT J AU Ellison, P Norwood, CW Turiansky, GW AF Ellison, P Norwood, CW Turiansky, GW TI Chronic dark-brown scales SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-LINKED ICHTHYOSIS; STEROID SULFATASE; GENE C1 USAF, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. USN, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ellison, P (reprint author), USAF, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 137 IS 11 BP 1523 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 492NH UT WOS:000172174100023 ER PT J AU Pitney, AC Callahan, CW Ruess, L AF Pitney, AC Callahan, CW Ruess, L TI Reversal of bronchiectasis caused by chronic aspiration in cri du chat syndrome SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD LA English DT Article C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Callahan, CW (reprint author), 1 Farrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-9888 J9 ARCH DIS CHILD JI Arch. Dis. Child. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 85 IS 5 BP 413 EP 414 DI 10.1136/adc.85.5.413 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 486BL UT WOS:000171798500018 PM 11668107 ER PT J AU Allen, RC Webster, AR Sui, R Brown, J Taylor, CM Stone, EM AF Allen, RC Webster, AR Sui, R Brown, J Taylor, CM Stone, EM TI Molecular characterization and ophthalmic investigation of a large family with type 2A Von Hippel-Lindau disease SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; GERM-LINE MUTATIONS; VHL GENE; SOMATIC MUTATIONS; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; RETINOBLASTOMA; EMBRYOGENESIS AB Background: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a dominantly inherited cancer syndrome. Since the identification of the VHL gene, at least 3 clinical-genetic subtypes of the disease have been recognized. Objectives: To identify the specific abnormality in the VHL gene and to correlate it with the prevalence and severity of ocular involvement in a large family with VHL disease. Methods: A longitudinal clinical study and DNA analysis of 24 family members. Results: All 14 affected family members exhibited a thymine-to-cysteine change at nucleotide 505 (T505C) in exon 1 of the VHL gene, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of VHL disease subtype 2A. Two asymptomatic gene carriers were also identified. Seventy-five percent (12/16) of the gene carriers had 1 or more ocular angiomas. The mean number of ocular angiomas per gene carrier was 3.3. Six eyes had optic disc angioma. Five gene carriers (31%) had lost vision because of angiomatosis. Cerebellar hemangioblastomas were present in 4 patients (25%) and pheochromocytomas in 11 (69%). No patient was found to have a renal cell carcinoma. Conclusions: The family shows a low susceptibility to renal carcinoma consistent with the clinical diagnosis of VHL disease type 2A. The prevalence and severity of ocular angiomatosis in this subtype do not significantly differ from those of the other more common subtypes of VHL. Recognition of the VHL disease 2A phenotype suggests the presence of a specific mutation (T505C) in the VHL gene. Confirmation of this genotype increases the clinician's ability to provide favorable prognostic information to affected family members. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Cullen Eye Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Moorfields Eye Hosp, London, England. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Iowa City, IA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Stone, EM (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Hosp & Clin, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 119 IS 11 BP 1659 EP 1665 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 490ML UT WOS:000172055600009 PM 11709017 ER PT J AU Andreotti, G Lange, JL Brundage, JF AF Andreotti, G Lange, JL Brundage, JF TI The nature, incidence, and impact of eye injuries among US military personnel - Implications for prevention SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCULAR TRAUMA; POPULATION AB Objectives: To assess incidence rates of eye injuries in the US Armed Forces and to identify demographic and occupational correlates of risk. Design: Retrospective population-based study. Setting: US military medical facilities worldwide. Participants: All individuals in the US Armed Forces during 1998. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence rates of hospitalizations and ambulatory visits for eye injuries. Results: The incidence rate of ambulatory visits (983 per 100 000 person-years) for eye injuries was 58 times higher than the incidence rate of hospitalizations (17 per I CIO 000 person-years) for eye injuries. Orbital floor fractures, contusions, and open wounds to the ocular adnexa and orbit accounted for 85% of eye injuries resulting in hospitalization, while 80% of ambulatory visits were for superficial wounds and foreign bodies. Hospitalization rates varied widely across demographic subgroups. Men had twice the incidence rate as women, and the youngest age group (17-24 years) had 6 times the incidence rate of the oldest age group (35-65 years). Together, motor Vehicle crashes and fights caused nearly half of the hospitalizations. Ambulatory rates varied significantly in relation to occupation but not to demography. Tradespeople (eg, metal body machinist, welder, and metalworker) had incidence rates 3 to 4 times higher than the overall population rate. Conclusions: Hospitalization and ambulatory data provide different views of the morbidity associated with eye injuries. General safety precautions and behavior modification, rather than eye-specific interventions, are indicated to prevent the most serious eye injuries. However, the consistent use of eye protection during known hazardous occupational activities could prevent much of the morbidity associated with the less serious, yet more common, eye injuries. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance Directorate, Army Med Surveillance Activ, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Andreotti, G (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance Directorate, Army Med Surveillance Activ, Bldg T-20,Rm 213,6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 119 IS 11 BP 1693 EP 1697 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 490ML UT WOS:000172055600014 PM 11709022 ER PT J AU Groffman, PM Driscoll, CT Fahey, TJ Hardy, JP Fitzhugh, RD Tierney, GL AF Groffman, PM Driscoll, CT Fahey, TJ Hardy, JP Fitzhugh, RD Tierney, GL TI Colder soils in a warmer world: A snow manipulation study in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE climate change; fine root dynamics; leaching; microbial biomass; nitrogen cycling ID FREEZE-THAW CYCLES; NITROGEN SATURATION; ADIRONDACK LAKES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; ROOT DECOMPOSITION; CATSKILL-MOUNTAINS; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; TEMPERATE FORESTS AB In this special section of Biogeochemistry, we present results from a snow manipulation experiment in the northern hardwood forest ecosystem at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, U.S.A. Snow is important as an insulator of forest soils. Later development of snowpacks, as may occur in a warmer climate, may result in increases in soil freezing (i.e. colder soils in a warmer world) and could cause changes in fine root and microbial mortality, hydrologic and gaseous losses of nitrogen (N), and the acid-base status of drainage water. In our study, we kept soils snow free by shoveling until early February during the mild winters of 1997/1998 and 1998/1999. The treatment produced mild, but persistent soil freezing and induced surprisingly significant effects on root mortality, soil nitrate (NO3-) levels and hydrologic fluxes of C, N and P. In this special section we present four papers addressing, (1) soil temperature and moisture response to our snow manipulation treatment (Hardy et al.), (2) the response of fine root dynamics to treatment (Tierney et al.), (3) the response of soil inorganic N levels, in situ N mineralization and nitrification, denitrification and microbial biomass to the treatment (Groffman et al.) and (4) soil solution concentrations and fluxes of C, N and P (Fitzhugh et al.). In this introductory paper we: (1) review the literature on snow effects on forest biogeochemistry, (2) introduce our manipulation experiment and (3) summarize the results presented in the other papers in this issue. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Groffman, PM (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 89 TC 252 Z9 286 U1 22 U2 140 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2001 VL 56 IS 2 BP 135 EP 150 DI 10.1023/A:1013039830323 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 497GY UT WOS:000172448100002 ER PT J AU Hardy, JP Groffman, PM Fitzhugh, RD Henry, KS Welman, AT Demers, JD Fahey, TJ Driscoll, CT Tierney, GL Nolan, S AF Hardy, JP Groffman, PM Fitzhugh, RD Henry, KS Welman, AT Demers, JD Fahey, TJ Driscoll, CT Tierney, GL Nolan, S TI Snow depth manipulation and its influence on soil frost and water dynamics in a northern hardwood forest SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE frozen soil; infiltration; snow cover ID RUNOFF; CHEMISTRY; PRECIPITATION; INFILTRATION; MICHIGAN; FLUX AB Climate change will likely result in warmer winter temperatures leading to less snowfall in temperate forests. These changes may lead to increases in soil freezing because of lack of an insulating snow cover and changes in soil water dynamics during the important snowmelt period. In this study, we manipulated snow depth by removing snow for two winters, simulating the late development of the snowpack as may occur with global warming, to explore the relationships between snow depth, soil freezing, soil moisture, and infiltration. We established four sites, each with two paired plots, at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in New Hampshire, U.S.A. and instrumented all eight plots with soil and snow thermistors, frost tubes, soil moisture probes, and soil lysimeters. For two winters, we removed snow from the designated treatment plots until February. Snow in the reference plots was undisturbed. The treatment winters (1997/1998 and 1998/1999) were relatively mild, with temperatures above the seasonal norm and snow depths below average. Results show the treated plots accumulated significantly less snow and had more extensive soil frost than reference plots. Snow depth was a strong regulator of soil temperature and frost depth at all sites. Soil moisture measured by time domain reflectometry probes and leaching volumes collected in lysimeters were lower in the treatment plots in March and April compared to the rest of the year. The ratio of leachate volumes collected in the treatment plots to that in the reference plots decreased as the snow ablation seasons progressed. Our data show that even mild winters with low snowfall, simulated by snow removal, will result in increased soil freezing in the forests at the HBEF. Our results suggest that a climate shift toward less snowfall or a shorter duration of snow on the ground will produce increases in soil freezing in northern hardwood forests. Increases in soil freezing will have implications for changes in soil biogeochemical processes. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res & Dev, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Hubbard Brook Expt Forest, Inst Ecosyst Studies, W Thornton, NH 03223 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Groffman, PM (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 24 TC 134 Z9 153 U1 14 U2 76 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2001 VL 56 IS 2 BP 151 EP 174 DI 10.1023/A:1013036803050 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 497GY UT WOS:000172448100003 ER PT J AU Tierney, GL Fahey, TJ Groffman, PM Hardy, JP Fitzhugh, RD Driscoll, CT AF Tierney, GL Fahey, TJ Groffman, PM Hardy, JP Fitzhugh, RD Driscoll, CT TI Soil freezing alters fine root dynamics in a northern hardwood forest SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE belowground production; global change; minirhizotron; plant-soil interactions; winter ID FROST TOLERANCE; ACER-SACCHARUM; ECOSYSTEM; SEEDLINGS; NITROGEN; TREE; DEMOGRAPHY; SNOWPACK; SNOWMELT; CARBON AB The retention of nutrients within an ecosystem depends on temporal and spatial synchrony between nutrient availability and nutrient uptake, and disruption of fine root processes can have dramatic impacts on nutrient retention within forest ecosystems. There is increasing evidence that overwinter climate can influence biogeochemical cycling belowground, perhaps by disrupting this synchrony. In this study, we experimentally reduced snow accumulation in northern hardwood forest plots to examine the effects of soil freezing on the dynamics of fine roots (< 1 mm diameter) measured using minirhizotrons. Snow removal treatment during the relatively mild winters of 1997-1998 and 1998-1999 induced mild freezing temperatures (to -4 degreesC) lasting approximately three months at shallow soil depths (to -30 cm) in sugar maple and yellow birch stands. This treatment resulted in elevated overwinter fine root mortality in treated compared to reference plots of both species, and led to an earlier peak in fine root production during the subsequent growing season. These shifts in fine root dynamics increased fine root turnover but were not large enough to significantly alter fine root biomass. No differences in morality response were found between species. Laboratory tests on potted tree seedlings exposed to controlled freezing regimes confirmed that mild freezing temperatures (to -5 degreesC) were insufficient to directly injure winter-hardened fine roots of these species, suggesting that the marked response recorded in our forest plots was caused indirectly by mechanical damage to roots in frozen soil. Elevated fine root necromass in treated plots decomposed quickly, and may have contributed an excess flux of about 0.5 g N/m(2).yr, which is substantial relative to measurements of N fluxes from these plots. Our results suggest elevated overwinter mortality temporarily reduced fine root length in treatment plots and reduced plant uptake, thereby disrupting the temporal synchrony between nutrient availability and uptake and enhancing rates of nitrification. Increased frequency of soil freezing events, as may occur with global change, could alter fine root dynamics within the northern hardwood forest disrupting the normally tight coupling between nutrient mineralization and uptake. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Tierney, GL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, 8 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 44 TC 176 Z9 196 U1 11 U2 77 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2001 VL 56 IS 2 BP 175 EP 190 DI 10.1023/A:1013072519889 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 497GY UT WOS:000172448100004 ER PT J AU Groffman, PM Driscoll, CT Fahey, TJ Hardy, JP Fitzhugh, RD Tierney, GL AF Groffman, PM Driscoll, CT Fahey, TJ Hardy, JP Fitzhugh, RD Tierney, GL TI Effects of mild winter freezing on soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics in a northern hardwood forest SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE climate change; denitrification; microbial biomass; mineralization; nitrification; northern hardwood forest; soil freezing ID NEW-YORK; CATSKILL-MOUNTAINS; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SHIELD CATCHMENTS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; TAIGA SOILS; MINERALIZATION; NITRIFICATION; SNOWMELT; DEPOSITION AB Overwinter and snowmelt processes are thought to be critical to controllers of nitrogen (N) cycling and retention in northern forests. However, there have been few measurements of basic N cycle processes (e.g. mineralization, nitrification, denitrification) during winter and little analysis of the influence of winter climate on growing season N dynamics. In this study, we manipulated snow cover to assess the effects of soil freezing on in situ rates of N mineralization, nitrification and soil respiration, denitrification (intact core, C2H2 - based method), microbial biomass C and N content and potential net N mineralization and nitrification in two sugar maple and two yellow birch stands with reference and snow manipulation treatment plots over a two year period at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, U.S.A. The snow manipulation treatment, which simulated the late development of snowpack as may occur in a warmer climate, induced mild (temperatures > -5 degreesC) soil freezing that lasted until snowmelt. The treatment caused significant increases in soil nitrate (NO3-) concentrations in sugar maple stands, but did not affect mineralization, nitrification, denitrification or microbial biomass, and had no significant effects in yellow birch stands. Annual N mineralization and nitrification rates varied significantly from year to year. Net mineralization increased from similar to 12.0 g N m(-2) y(-1) in 1998 to similar to 22 g N m(-2) y(-1) in 1999 and nitrification increased from similar to8 g N m(-2) y(-1) in 1998 to similar to 13 g N m(-2) y(-1) in 1999. Denitrification rates ranged from 0 to 0.65 g N m(-2) y(-1). Our results suggest that mild soil freezing must increase soil NO3- levels by physical disruption of the soil ecosystem and not by direct stimulation of mineralization and nitrification. Physical disruption can increase fine root mortality, reduce plant N uptake and reduce competition for inorganic N, allowing soil NO3- levels to increase even with no increase in net mineralization or nitrification. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Groffman, PM (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 72 TC 143 Z9 195 U1 11 U2 62 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2001 VL 56 IS 2 BP 191 EP 213 DI 10.1023/A:1013024603959 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 497GY UT WOS:000172448100005 ER PT J AU Fitzhugh, RD Driscoll, CT Groffman, PM Tierney, GL Fahey, TJ Hardy, JP AF Fitzhugh, RD Driscoll, CT Groffman, PM Tierney, GL Fahey, TJ Hardy, JP TI Effects of soil freezing disturbance on soil solution nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon chemistry in a northern hardwood ecosystem SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon; climate change; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest; nitrogen; phosphorus; plant-soil-microbe interactions ID BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; THAW STRESS; DYNAMICS; SNOWPACK; NITRATE AB Reductions in snow cover under a warmer climate may cause soil freezing events to become more common in northern temperate ecosystems. In this experiment, snow cover was manipulated to simulate the late development of snowpack and to induce soil freezing. This manipulation was used to examine the effects of soil freezing disturbance on soil solution nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C) chemistry in four experimental stands (two sugar maple and two yellow birch) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Soil freezing enhanced soil solution N concentrations and transport from the forest floor. Nitrate (NO3-) was the dominant N species mobilized in the forest floor of sugar maple stands after soil freezing, while ammonium (NH4+) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) were the dominant forms of N leaching from the forest floor of treated yellow birch stands. Rates of N leaching at stands subjected to soil freezing ranged from 490 to 4,600 mol ha(-1) yr(-1), significant in comparison to wet N deposition (530 mol ha(-1) yr(-1)) and stream NO3- export (25 mol ha(-1) yr(-1)) in this northern forest ecosystem. Soil solution fluxes of P-i from the forest floor of sugar maple stands after soil freezing ranged from 15 to 32 mol ha(-1) yr(-1); this elevated mobilization of P-i coincided with heightened NO3- leaching. Elevated leaching of P-i from the forest floor was coupled with enhanced retention of P-i in the mineral soil Bs horizon. The quantities of P-i mobilized from the forest floor were significant relative to the available P pool (22 mol ha(-1)) as well as net P mineralization rates in the forest floor (180 mol ha(-1) yr(-1)). Increased fine root mortality was likely an important source of mobile N and P-i from the forest floor, but other factors (decreased N and P uptake by roots and increased physical disruption of soil aggregates) may also have contributed to the enhanced leaching of nutrients. Microbial mortality did not contribute to the accelerated N and P leaching after soil freezing. Results suggest that soil freezing events may increase rates of N and P loss, with potential effects on soil N and P availability, ecosystem productivity, as well as surface water acidification and eutrophication. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Fitzhugh, RD (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 52 TC 161 Z9 210 U1 11 U2 92 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2001 VL 56 IS 2 BP 215 EP 238 DI 10.1023/A:1013076609950 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 497GY UT WOS:000172448100006 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM AF Glenn, GM TI Transcutaneous immunization: Targeting Langerhans cells with adjuvants SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0007-1188 J9 BRIT J PHARMACOL JI Br. J. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 134 SU S MA 189P PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 496AK UT WOS:000172372400189 ER PT J AU Wilson, JA Bosio, CM Hart, MK AF Wilson, JA Bosio, CM Hart, MK TI Ebola virus: the search for vaccines and treatments SO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Ebola virus; filovirus; immunity ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; MATRIX PROTEIN VP40; PHASE-II TRIAL; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; GUINEA-PIGS; IN-VITRO; FILOVIRUS INFECTIONS; INTERFERON-ALPHA; RHESUS-MONKEYS AB Ebola viruses belong to the family Filoviridae, which are among the most virulent infectious agents known. These viruses cause acute, and frequently fatal, hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. Currently, no vaccines or treatments are available for human use. This review describes Ebola viruses, with a particular focus on the status of research efforts to develop vaccines and therapeutics and to identify the immune mechanisms of protection. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Hart, MK (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM marykate.hart@amedd.army.mil RI Bosio, Catharine/D-7456-2015 NR 114 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-682X EI 1420-9071 J9 CELL MOL LIFE SCI JI Cell. Mol. Life Sci. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 58 IS 12-13 BP 1826 EP 1841 DI 10.1007/PL00000821 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 500WD UT WOS:000172649800010 PM 11766882 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Rossi, CA Kijek, TM Henchal, EA Ludwig, GV AF Smith, DR Rossi, CA Kijek, TM Henchal, EA Ludwig, GV TI Comparison of dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassays to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B, Yersinia pestis-specific F1 antigen, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION AB The dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassays (DELFIA) were developed for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B, Yersinia pestis-specific F1 antigen, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. These assays were compared to previously developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) by determining the sensitivity or limit of detection (LOD), the dynamic range, and the reproducibility of each assay in a number of different sample matrices. The sensitivity and specificity of each assay were then determined by using a small panel of blinded spiked and nonspiked samples. All three DELFIAs demonstrated at least 1 log greater sensitivity than corresponding ELISAs utilizing the same reagents and showed an increase in dynamic range of at least 2 log(10) concentrations. This increased LOD resulted in higher sensitivity rates for the DELFIA. The specificity of all of the assays evaluated was 100%, and no sample matrix effects were observed in either format. However, the reproducibility of the DELFIA was poor due to randomly distributed wells exhibiting excessive background signal (hot wells), which occurred throughout the evaluation. As this technology matures, the reproducibility of these assays should improve, as will the ability to identify hot wells. Despite its sensitivity, the logistical burden associated with the DELFIA and the technical expertise required to complete assays and interpret the data limit the application of this technology to reference or large clinical laboratories. C1 USA, Diagnost Syst Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Rossi, CA (reprint author), USA, Diagnost Syst Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1070 EP 1075 DI 10.1128/CDLI.8.6.1070-1075.2001 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 490EA UT WOS:000172036400007 PM 11687442 ER PT J AU Cuzzubbo, AJ Endy, TP Nisalak, A Kalayanarooj, S Vaughn, DW Ogata, SA Clements, DE Devine, PL AF Cuzzubbo, AJ Endy, TP Nisalak, A Kalayanarooj, S Vaughn, DW Ogata, SA Clements, DE Devine, PL TI Use of recombinant envelope proteins for serological diagnosis of dengue virus infection in an immunochromatographic assay SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; CAPTURE ELISA; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBODIES; MICE; IGM; GLYCOPROTEINS AB An immunochromatographic test that incorporates recombinant antigens (Dengue Duo Rapid Strip Test; PanBio, Brisbane, Australia) has recently become commercially available. This assay is performed in 15 min and detects both immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG in a capture format. The four recombinant proteins used represent the N-terminal 80% of the viral envelope glycoproteins of dengue viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the recombinant-antigen-based assay were 90 and 86%, respectively. The similar diagnostic performance of these antigens to that of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using whole dengue virus suggests that they mimic whole dengue viruses in primary structure and epitope conformation. These results suggest that recombinant proteins can be used in diagnostic assays for dengue to overcome safety issues associated with the use of whole virus. C1 PanBio Ltd, Windsor, Qld 4030, Australia. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. Hawaii Biotechnol Grp Inc, Aiea, HI USA. RP Cuzzubbo, AJ (reprint author), PanBio Ltd, 116 Lutwyche Rd, Windsor, Qld 4030, Australia. NR 41 TC 58 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1150 EP 1155 DI 10.1128/CDLI.8.6.1150-1155.2001 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 490EA UT WOS:000172036400021 PM 11687456 ER PT J AU Loos, WJ Szebeni, J Verweij, J van Zomeren, DM Chung, K Sparreboom, A AF Loos, WJ Szebeni, J Verweij, J van Zomeren, DM Chung, K Sparreboom, A TI Novel rapid-screening strategy for prelinical evaluation of alternative paclitaxel delivery vehicles. SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rotterdam Canc Inst, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Bolak Co Ltd, Seoul, South Korea. RI Sparreboom, Alex/B-3247-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 7 IS 11 SU S MA 107 BP 3674S EP 3674S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 491RE UT WOS:000172121800107 ER PT J AU Forouzesh, B Hidalgo, M Denis, L Schwartz, G Hammond, L Monroe, P Guzman, C Lazaro, LL Supko, J Jimeno, J Rowinsky, EK AF Forouzesh, B Hidalgo, M Denis, L Schwartz, G Hammond, L Monroe, P Guzman, C Lazaro, LL Supko, J Jimeno, J Rowinsky, EK TI Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the marine-derived DNA minor groove binder ET-743 on a weekly x3 every-4-week schedule in patients with advanced solid malignancies. SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. PharmaMar Pharmaceut Inc, Madrid, Spain. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 7 IS 11 SU S MA 209 BP 3694S EP 3695S PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 491RE UT WOS:000172121800206 ER PT J AU Leach, RA Zhang, P Ng, P Caridha, D Asher, L Novak, M Smith, WJ Zeichner, SL Chiang, PK AF Leach, RA Zhang, P Ng, P Caridha, D Asher, L Novak, M Smith, WJ Zeichner, SL Chiang, PK TI Induction of apoptosis by an alkylating agent in Jurkat cells by inhibiting PDK1-Akt pathway. SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Army Med Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 7 IS 11 SU S MA 340 BP 3721S EP 3722S PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 491RE UT WOS:000172121800336 ER PT J AU Hammond, LA Figueroa, J Schwartzberg, L Ochoa, L Hidalgo, M Olivo, N Schwartz, G Smith, L Ochs, J Rowinsky, EK AF Hammond, LA Figueroa, J Schwartzberg, L Ochoa, L Hidalgo, M Olivo, N Schwartz, G Smith, L Ochs, J Rowinsky, EK TI ZD1839 ('Iressa'), an epidermal growth factory receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV), in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC). SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Joe Arrington Canc Ctr, Lubbock, TX USA. Response Oncol Inc, Memphis, TN USA. AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 7 IS 11 SU S MA 549 BP 3764S EP 3764S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 491RE UT WOS:000172121800541 ER PT J AU Enyedy, EJ Mitchell, JP Nambiar, MP Tsokos, GC AF Enyedy, EJ Mitchell, JP Nambiar, MP Tsokos, GC TI Defective Fc gamma RIIb1 signaling contributes to enhanced calcium response in B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE B cell receptor; SLE; calcium signaling; SHIP ID INOSITOL PHOSPHATASE; RECEPTOR; SHIP AB B lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display enhanced B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-mediated early signal transduction events, including increased fluxes of intracytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+](i)). Because crosslinking of Fc gamma RIIb1 (CD32) in normal B cells suppresses the BCR-initiated signal transduction process, we investigated whether the increased BCR-initiated [Ca2+](i) response in SLE B cells is the consequence of decreased Fc gamma RIIb1-mediated suppression. To this end, we used flow cytometry to study the [Ca2+](i) responses of indo-1-loaded negatively gated B cells stimulated with F(ab')(2) fragments or whole IgG anti-human mu Ab. We found that the ratio of F(ab')(2) to whole anti-mu Ab [Ca2+](i) response was significantly lower in SLE B cells compared to B cells from patients with other systemic rheumatic diseases or normal individuals (P < 0.01). Because the surface expressions of Fc gamma RIIb1 and surface IgM were similar in B cells from SLE patients and disease and normal controls, these data indicate a decrease in Fc gamma RIIb-mediated suppression in SLE B cells. In addition, the whole IgG anti-mu Ab but not its F(ab'), fragment caused increased redistribution of SH2 domain-containing inositol 5'phosphatase in SLE compared to normal and disease control B cells. In conclusion, deficient Fc gamma RIIb1-mediated suppression contributes to the augmented [Ca2+]i responses of human SLE B cells. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Rheumatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Enyedy, EJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Bldg 503,Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 42269] NR 15 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 101 IS 2 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1006/clim.2001.5104 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 494AJ UT WOS:000172255600002 PM 11683571 ER PT J AU Rompalo, AM Gaydos, CA Shah, N Tennant, M Crotchfelt, KA Madico, G Quinn, TC Daniel, R Shah, KV Gaydos, JC McKee, KT AF Rompalo, AM Gaydos, CA Shah, N Tennant, M Crotchfelt, KA Madico, G Quinn, TC Daniel, R Shah, KV Gaydos, JC McKee, KT TI Evaluation of use of a single intravaginal swab to detect multiple sexually transmitted infections in active-duty military women SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; VAGINAL SWABS; PCR; DIAGNOSIS; PREVALENCE; SPECIMENS; SAMPLES AB The accuracy and suitability of use of a single intravaginal swab (SIS) for polymerase chain reaction detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and human papillomavirus infection was assessed in a cross-sectional study of 841 active-duty military women. The SIS, compared with standard diagnostic tests, allowed detection of more gonorrhea, more chlamydial infection, and more trichomoniasis. Sensitivity and specificity of SIS detection compared with adjudicated true-positive diagnoses were 95.8% and 97.8%, respectively, for gonorrhea, 94.6% and 99.3% for chlamydial infection, and 92.2% and 98.2% for trichomonal infection. Results with SISs were comparable to those with cervical swabs tested for human papillomavirus. Assay of clinician-collected and self-collected SISs yielded prevalences similar to those of standard diagnostic tests for all sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, the use of SISs is acceptable for the simultaneous diagnosis of multiple sexually transmitted infections and has potential for use as a self-administered diagnostic tool with widespread applicability among women. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Rompalo, AM (reprint author), 1830 E Monument St,Rm 447, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 24 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1455 EP 1461 DI 10.1086/322588 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 479PE UT WOS:000171412100002 PM 11568849 ER PT J AU Harvey, SB Hatley, CL Holmes, RL Runner, RR Tonry, LL McPherson, JC AF Harvey, SB Hatley, CL Holmes, RL Runner, RR Tonry, LL McPherson, JC TI Adaptation of a dental RadioVisioGraph unit as a laboratory animal research tool SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB We have adapted the RadioVisioGraph (RVG), a digital radiography system designed for dentistry, to become a versatile research tool in a small research facility. We have used this modified digital imaging system in our institution to assess bone fractures and ossification in rabbit tibias in which titanium posts were placed in close proximity to one another, to evaluate bone fill in rats with experimental cranial critical-size defects, and to ensure the proper placement of oral gavage tubes in rodents. This method provides instantaneous digital radiographs, thus not requiring a dedicated X-ray suite or film-processing equipment, and reduces scatter radiation by less than or equal to 95%. The use of this technology in a small research facility has greatly improved the quality of both the care our animals receive and the research data we obtain. C1 Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Tingay Dent Clin, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, USA Dent Act & Hlth Phys Sect, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP McPherson, JC (reprint author), Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 40 IS 6 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 494XF UT WOS:000172310600014 PM 11703057 ER PT J AU Lawless, N Tobias, S Mayorga, MA AF Lawless, N Tobias, S Mayorga, MA TI FIO2 and positive end-expiratory pressure as compensation for altitude-induced hypoxemia in an acute respiratory distress syndrome model: Implications for air transportation of critically ill patients SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acute respiratory distress syndrome; altitude; hypoxemia; oleic acid; swine; positive end-expiratory pressure; FIO2; air transportation; mechanical ventilation; critical care ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION; TRAVEL; ARDS AB Objectives: To determine whether increases in Fio(2) or positive end-expiratory pressure will compensate for hypoxemia resulting from exposure to 8000 feet (2440 m) of altitude in a model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Design: Intervention and crossover design. Setting: Military research altitude chamber. Subjects: Sixteen Yucatan miniature swine (Sus scrota). Interventions: Swine initially were placed on mechanical ventilation (zero positive end-expiratory pressure, 21% Fio(2)). Twelve animals had moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (50% to 70% Fio(2) at sea level to maintain Pao(2) of 50-70 torr [6.65-9.3kPa]) induced by intravenous oleic acid. Four animals were controls (no lung injury). The animals were taken to 8000 feet (2440 m) in an altitude chamber, and then stepwise increases of either 5% Fio(2) (six animals) or 2.5 cm H2O positive endexpiratory pressure (six animals) were made until Pao(2). values exceeded 75 torr (10.0 kPa). If Pao(2) did not reach 75 torr (10.0 kPa), and time permitted, the animal was crossed over to the other group. Measurements and Main Results: Arterial blood gases were drawn at baseline (sea level and at altitude) and after every change in ventilator settings. Positive end-expiratory pressure increases from 5 to 12.5 cm H2O were required to bring the Pao(2) in the injured pigs to 75 torr (10.0 kPa). Fio(2) increases did not achieve a Pao(2) of 75 torr (10.0 kPa) for three of six animals despite reaching 100% Fio(2). One animal crossed over from Fio, to positive end-expiratory pressure and achieved a Pao(2) of 75 torr (10.0 kPa) with 5 cm H2O of positive end-expiratory pressure. Conclusions. Fifty percent of the animals with lung injury had altitude-induced hypoxia that was resistant to increases in Fio(2). Increases in positive end-expiratory pressure are more reliable than increases in Fio(2) for correcting altitude-induced hypoxia in this model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resp Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Anim Resources Branch, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Lawless, N (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resp Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2149 EP 2155 DI 10.1097/00003246-200111000-00017 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 490WL UT WOS:000172076700017 PM 11700412 ER PT J AU Bergmann-Leitner, ES AF Bergmann-Leitner, ES TI The novel approaches for the development of anti-cancer drugs - Preface SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Bergmann-Leitner, ES (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI HILVERSUM PA PO BOX 1673, 1200 BR HILVERSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-6128 J9 CURR PHARM DESIGN JI Curr. Pharm. Design PD NOV PY 2001 VL 7 IS 16 BP U2 EP U3 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 486QC UT WOS:000171827600001 ER PT J AU Moreland, RF Elston, DM AF Moreland, RF Elston, DM TI Photo quiz - What is your diagnosis? - The diagnosis: Preauricular pit SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID SINUSES; MANAGEMENT; TRACT C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Moreland, RF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD NOV PY 2001 VL 68 IS 5 BP 324 EP + PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 497MZ UT WOS:000172460800003 PM 11766116 ER PT J AU Paris, RM Bendo, SA Krauss, MR Keep, LW Rubertone, MV AF Paris, RM Bendo, SA Krauss, MR Keep, LW Rubertone, MV TI Weighing in on type 2 diabetes in the military - Characteristics of US military personnel at entry who develop type 2 diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; UNITED-STATES; PIMA-INDIANS; RISK-FACTORS; MELLITUS; OBESITY; ADULTS; NAVY AB OBJECTIVES - Current incidence trends in type 2 diabetes portend a significant public health burden and have largely been attributed to similar trends in overweight and physical inactivity. Medical surveillance of the U.S. military indicates that the incidence of all types of diabetes is similar to that in the civilian population (1.9 vs. 1.6 cases per 1,000 person-years) despite weight and fitness standards. Differences in the common determinants of diabetes have not been studied in the military population, which may provide novel clues to the increasing incidence of diabetes in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- A case-control study, 4-to-1 matched for age, sex, entry date, time in service, and service component (e.g., Army, Navy), was used to describe the association of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and BMI and blood pressure at entry into military service with the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS - increased BMI (adjusted odds ratio, 3.0 for the greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2) VS. less than or equal to 20 k g/m(2) categories and 2.0 for the 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2) category, compared with the reference category), African-American (adjusted odds ratio, 2.0) and Hispanic origin (adjusted odds ratio, 1.6) compared with white race and rank (adjusted odds ratio for junior enlisted versus officers, 4.1) were all associated with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS - Individuals with type 2 diabetes in the U.S. military have risk factors similar to the general U.S. population. Because diabetes is a preventable disease, it is of concern that it is occurring in this population of younger and presumably more fit individuals. This has signicant implications for the prevention of diabetes in both military and civilian populations. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. UIC Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Paris, RM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, 503 Robert Grant Rd,Room 2A20, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 2001 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1894 EP 1898 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.11.1894 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 488LZ UT WOS:000171937800008 PM 11679453 ER PT J AU Wolter, SD Schlesser, R Okuzumi, F Prater, JT Sitar, Z AF Wolter, SD Schlesser, R Okuzumi, F Prater, JT Sitar, Z TI Angle-dependent reflectometry as a technique for fast assessment of highly oriented diamond film quality SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE heteroepitaxy; characterization; diamond films; orientation ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SILICON; GROWTH; NUCLEATION; FORCE AB An expedient technique for assessing the quality of highly oriented diamond films is described. This analysis is based on light reflection from the {111} faces of oriented diamond octahedra as a function of azimuthal sample orientation. Significant light reflection was detected at 90 degrees rotation intervals and the full-width-at-half-maximum of these periodic peaks was determined to be adequate for gauging the upper limit of crystal misorientation. In addition, a two-dimensional surface mapping of the distribution of highly oriented diamond across the sample was determined by analyzing reflectivity properties at equally spaced spots on the surface. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wolter, SD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 203 Res Bldg 2,Box 7919, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2092 EP 2095 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(01)00487-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 485DN UT WOS:000171738400023 ER PT J AU Papageorgiou, TC Leondires, MP Miller, BT Chang, AS Armstrong, AB Scott, LA Segars, JH AF Papageorgiou, TC Leondires, MP Miller, BT Chang, AS Armstrong, AB Scott, LA Segars, JH TI Human chorionic gonadotropin levels after blastocyst transfer are highly predictive of pregnancy outcome SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-26, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med DE infertility; beta-hCG; pregnancy outcomes; predictive values; blastocyst transfer ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; BETA-SUBUNIT; IMPLANTATION; CULTURE; SINGLE AB Objective: To determine the predictive value(s) of beta -hCG serum levels for pregnancy outcome following blastocyst transfer. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: University-based assisted reproductive technology (ART) program. Patients: All ART patients enrolled from January 1998 to December 1999. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): beta -hCG serum levels and pregnancy outcomes. Result(s): Of the 836 ART cycles initiated, 608 embryo transfers met study criteria and were assigned to one of two groups: 248 day 5 blastocyst transfers or 360 day 3 embryo transfers. In the day 5 blastocyst. group, 147 pregnancies occurred (59.2%), and day 3 transfers resulted in 165 pregnancies (45.8%). For day 3 and day 5 transfers, mean values of beta -hCG on day 16 post-retrieval of spontaneous abortions were lower than ongoing pregnancies (P < .05). A beta -hCG value on day 16 of > 300 mIU/mL predicted an ongoing pregnancy for day 5 transfer group in 97% of pregnancies compared with 92% for day 3 embryo transfers. A multiple gestation was observed in 70% of pregnancies with a beta -hCG level > 400 mIU/ml in the day 5 group compared with 63% for the day 3 group. The incidence of higher-order multiple gestations was significantly tower in the day 5 blastocyst group (P < 05). Conclusion(s): beta -hCG serum levels on day 16 post-retrieval were highly predictive of pregnancy outcome after a blastocyst transfer. (C) 2001 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Leondires, MP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Room 2J06,Bldg 2,6825 16th St NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 76 IS 5 BP 981 EP 987 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(01)02840-0 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 490ZQ UT WOS:000172083900019 PM 11704121 ER PT J AU Prahinski, JR Schaefer, RA AF Prahinski, JR Schaefer, RA TI Tumoral calcinosis of the foot SO FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE tumoral calcinosis; periarticular calcification; soft tissue calcification; secondary hyperparathyroidism ID HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; PATHOGENESIS AB Tumoral calcinosis is characterized by periarticular deposition of calcium phosphate, usually in the setting of normocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. The term tumoral calcinosis can be used to describe lesions with periarticular deposition of calcium phosphate resulting either from a primary disorder or a secondary disorder, such as renal failure with associated secondary hyperparathyroidism. Treatment entails phosphate deprivation, control of any primary disease processes such as secondary hyperparathyroidism, and resection for recalcitrant symptoms. We present a case of tumoral calcinosis involving the foot which required resection and ultimately hyperparathyroidectomy. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Prahinski, JR (reprint author), 67th CSH USA MEDDAC, Box 415, APO, AE 09244 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC FOOT & ANKLE SOC, INC PI SEATTLE PA 2517 EASTLAKE AVE EAST, STE 200, SEATTLE, WA 98102 USA SN 1071-1007 J9 FOOT ANKLE INT JI Foot Ankle Int. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 22 IS 11 BP 911 EP 913 PG 3 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 536HM UT WOS:000174694700011 PM 11722146 ER PT J AU Tannenbaum, LV AF Tannenbaum, LV TI What's so bad about weight loss, blood chemistry effects, kidney toxicity, etc. in a modeled ecological receptor? SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, MCHB TS EHR, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Tannenbaum, LV (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, MCHB TS EHR, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1765 EP 1767 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 500LP UT WOS:000172629300017 ER PT J AU Stiff, AD Krishna, S Bhattacharya, P Kennerly, SW AF Stiff, AD Krishna, S Bhattacharya, P Kennerly, SW TI Normal-incidence, high-temperature, mid-infrared, InAs-GaAs vertical quantum-dot infrared photodetector SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID INTRABAND ABSORPTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; DETECTORS; ARRAYS; NOISE; GAIN; BAND AB The growth, fabrication, and characterization of a normal-incidence, high-temperature, mid-wavelength infrared, InAs-GaAs vertical quantum-dot infrared photodetector with a single Al0.3Ga0.7As current-blocking barrier are described and discussed in detail. A specific detectivity approximate to3 x 10(9) cmHz(1/2)/W is measured for a detector temperature of 100 K at a bias of 0.2 V. Detector characteristics are measured for temperatures as high as 150 K. The superior low bias performance of the vertical quantum-dot infrared photodetector ensures its compatibility with commercially available silicon read-out circuits necessary for the fabrication of a focal plane array. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Solid State Elect Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Res Labs, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Stiff, AD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Solid State Elect Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Krishna, Sanjay /C-5766-2009 NR 31 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1412 EP 1419 DI 10.1109/3.958360 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 483KQ UT WOS:000171634900007 ER PT J AU Ghogho, M Besson, O Swami, A AF Ghogho, M Besson, O Swami, A TI Estimation of directions of arrival of multiple scattered sources SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE angular spread; direction of arrival; frequency estimation; imperfect spatial coherence; multiplicative noise; scattered sources ID OF-ARRIVAL; MULTIPLICATIVE NOISE; DISTRIBUTED SOURCE; ANGULAR SPREAD; ARRAY; ENVIRONMENTS; MODEL AB We consider the problem of estimating the directions of arrival (DOA) of multiple sources in the presence of local scattering. This problem is encountered in wireless communications due to the presence of scatterers in the vicinity of the mobile or when the signals propagate through a random inhomogeneous medium. Assuming a uniform linear array (ULA), we develop DOA estimation algorithms based on covariance matching applied to a reduced-size statistic obtained from the sample covariance matrix after redundancy averaging. Next, a computationally efficient estimator based on AR modelling of the coherence loss function is derived. A theoretical expression for the asymptotic covariance matrix of this estimator is derived. Finally, the corresponding Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs) are derived. Despite its simplicity, the AR-based estimator is shown to possess performance that is nearly as good as that of the covariance matching method. C1 Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. Ecole Natl Super Ingn Construct Aeronaut, Dept Av & Syst, Toulouse, France. USA, Res Lab, Commun Networks Branch, AMSRL,CI,CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ghogho, M (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 49 IS 11 BP 2467 EP 2480 DI 10.1109/78.960395 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 485WD UT WOS:000171785700003 ER PT J AU Jones, NL Lemon, AM Tracy, FT AF Jones, NL Lemon, AM Tracy, FT TI A hybrid approach to flow net generation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE flow nets; finite elements; stream function; particle tracking; flow lines; seepage modelling AB By following a simple set of rules. a flow net can be manually constructed to obtain a graphical solution to the Laplace equation for simple two-dimensional (2-D) flow problems. With the advent of numerical solutions such as the finite difference and finite element methods, it is more common to generate a flow net automatically using the nodal head and flow values output by the computer program. Two methods have been published for automatically generating flow nets from finite element solutions: the stream-function method and the particle-tracking method. The stream-function method works well for many cases, but it does not work for problems with holes in the mesh or internal sources or sinks. The particle-tracking method works for all cases, but previously published algorithms that utilize this method do not result in the properly sized flow channels. A new approach is presented in this paper that is a hybrid of the stream-function and particle-tracking approaches. This method works for all cases and generates the properly sized flow channels. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Environm Modeling Res Lab, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Jones, NL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Environm Modeling Res Lab, 242 Clyde Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0363-9061 J9 INT J NUMER ANAL MET JI Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 25 IS 13 BP 1339 EP 1349 DI 10.1002/nag.183 PG 11 WC Engineering, Geological; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 492DQ UT WOS:000172153500005 ER PT J AU Champagne, DC AF Champagne, DC TI The Afghan occupation of Safavid Persia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Champagne, DC (reprint author), USA, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA SN 0020-7438 J9 INT J MIDDLE E STUD JI Int. J. Middle East Stud. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 33 IS 4 BP 615 EP 618 PG 4 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 488JH UT WOS:000171931700009 ER PT J AU Johari, H Stein, K Tezduyar, T AF Johari, H Stein, K Tezduyar, T TI Impulsively started flow about a rigid parachute canopy SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID PARALLEL COMPUTATION; VORTEX; PLATE; MODEL AB The temporal evolution of the flowfield in the near wake of a parachute canopy is studied computationally with a finite element method. The canopy is assumed to be rigid and impermeable, and the flow is started impulsively. The separated shear layer surrounding the canopy creates a starting vortex ring. As time evolves, flow instabilities cause the vortex ring to become convoluted and eventually lead to the breakup of the ring. This phase of the flow lasts for approximately 16D/U, where D is the mean projected diameter of the canopy and U is the freestream velocity. After the initial phase, the flow goes through a transition phase before settling into its steady state. In the steady-state phase, the drag and base pressure coefficient become nearly constant. The computed drag coefficient matches very well against experimental data. The steady-state phase is reached after a time period of approximately 45D/U. During the steady-state phase, vortex shedding is observed in the near wake despite the nearly constant drag coefficient. C1 Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Engn Mech, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Airdrop Technol Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Johari, H (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Engn Mech, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RI Tezduyar, Tayfun/F-6134-2012 OI Tezduyar, Tayfun/0000-0001-8707-3162 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1102 EP 1109 DI 10.2514/2.2878 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 502KR UT WOS:000172743200016 ER PT J AU Lynch, JC Myers, KF Brannon, JM Delfino, JJ AF Lynch, JC Myers, KF Brannon, JM Delfino, JJ TI Effects of pH and temperature on the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATION; WATER AB Aqueous solubilities and dissolution rates are reported and examined for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) over the pH range of (4.2-6.2) and the temperature range of (3.1-33.3) degreesC. Measurements were performed using high-pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Solubilities and dissolution rates were not statistically affected by pH within the experimental design limits. Correlations are proposed to estimate the aqueous solubility of these high explosives as a function of temperature. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Lynch, JC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, POB 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 23 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1549 EP 1555 DI 10.1021/je0101496 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 493VJ UT WOS:000172243900040 ER PT J AU Le Bel, LA AF Le Bel, LA TI Negligent supervision of CRNAs is not the true issue SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANESTHESIA LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Nurse Corps, LTC, Huntington, CT USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0952-8180 J9 J CLIN ANESTH JI J. Clin. Anesth. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 13 IS 7 BP 545 EP 546 DI 10.1016/S0952-8180(01)00324-5 PG 2 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 492EF UT WOS:000172154900014 PM 11704455 ER PT J AU Dalsgaard, A Serichantalergs, O Forslund, A Lin, W Mekalanos, J Mintz, E Shimada, T Wells, JG AF Dalsgaard, A Serichantalergs, O Forslund, A Lin, W Mekalanos, J Mintz, E Shimada, T Wells, JG TI Clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141 carry the CTX phage and the genes encoding the toxin-coregulated pili SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYSOGENIC CONVERSION; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; O-SEROTYPES; THAILAND; STRAINS; EPIDEMIC; NON-O1; DIARRHEA; SEQUENCE; PLASMID AB We report sporadic cases of a severe gastroenteritis associated with Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141. Like O1 and O139 serogroup strains of V. cholerae isolated from cholera cases, the O141 clinical isolates carry DNA sequences that hybridize to cholera toxin (CT) gene probes. The CT genes of OI and O139 strains are carried by a filamentous bacteriophage (termed CTX phage) which is known to use toxin-coregulated pili (TCP) as its receptor. In an effort to understand the mechanism of emergence of toxigenic O141 V. cholerae, we probed a collection of O141 clinical and environmental isolates for genes involved in TCP production, toxigenicity, virulence regulation, and other phylogenetic markers. The collection included strains isolated between 1964 and 1995 from diverse geographical locations, including eight countries and five U.S. states. Information collected about the clinical and environmental sources of these isolates suggests that they had no epidemiological association. All clinical O141 isolates hybridized to probes specific for genes encoding CT (ax), zonula occludens toxin (zot), repetitive sequence 1 (RS1), RTX toxin (rtxA), the major subunit of TCP (tcpA), and the essential regulatory gene that controls expression of both CT and TCP (toxR). In contrast, all but one of the nonclinical O141 isolates were negative for ctx, zot, RS1, and tcpA, although these strains were positive for rtxA and toxR. The one toxigenic environmental O141 isolate was also positive for tcpA. Ribotyping and CT typing showed that the O141 clinical isolates were indistinguishable or closely related, while a toxigenic water isolate from Louisiana showed a distantly related ribotype. Nonclinical O141 isolates displayed a variety of unrelated ribotypes. These data support a model for emergence of toxigenic O141 that involves acquisition of the CTX phage sometime after these strains had acquired the pathogenicity island encoding TCP. The clonal nature of toxigenic O141 strains isolated from diverse geographical locations suggests that the emergence is a rare event but that once it occurs, toxigenic O141 strains are capable of regional and perhaps even global dissemination. This study stresses the importance of monitoring V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 serogroup strains for their virulence gene content as a means of assessing their epidemic potential. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Bacteriol, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. RP Dalsgaard, A (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol, Stigbojlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-18045, R01 AI018045, R37 AI018045] NR 45 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4086 EP 4092 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.11.4086-4092.2001 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 488KK UT WOS:000171934200043 PM 11682534 ER PT J AU Callahan, JD Wu, SJL Dion-Schultz, A Mangold, BE Peruski, LF Watts, DM Porter, KR Murphy, GR Suharyono, W King, CC Hayes, CG Temenak, JJ AF Callahan, JD Wu, SJL Dion-Schultz, A Mangold, BE Peruski, LF Watts, DM Porter, KR Murphy, GR Suharyono, W King, CC Hayes, CG Temenak, JJ TI Development and evaluation of serotype- and group-specific fluorogenic reverse transcriptase PCR (TaqMan) assays for dengue virus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; RNA CONTROLS; ARMORED RNA; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; SYSTEM; DNA AB Five fluorogenic probe hydrolysis (TaqMan) reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays were developed for serotypes 1 to 4 and group-specific detection of dengue virus. Serotype- and group-specific oligonucleotide primers and fluorogenic probes were designed against conserved regions of the dengue virus genome. The RT-PCR assay is a rapid single-tube method consisting of a 30-min RT step linked to a 45-cycle PCR at 95 and 60 degreesC that generates a fluorogenic signal in positive samples. Assays were initially evaluated against cell culture-derived dengue stock viruses and then with 67 dengue viremic human sera received from Peru, Indonesia, and Taiwan. The TaqMan assays were compared to virus isolation using C6/36 cells followed by an immunofluorescence assay using serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies. Viral titers in sera were determined by plaque assay in Vero cells. The serotype-specific TaqMan RT-PCR assay detected 62 of 67 confirmed dengue virus-positive samples, for a sensitivity of 92.5%, while the group-specific assay detected 66 of 67 confirmed dengue virus-positive samples, for a sensitivity of 98.5%. The TaqMan RT-PCR assays have a specificity of 100% based on the serotype concordance of all assays compared to cell culture isolation and negative results obtained when 21 normal human sera and plasma samples were tested. Our results demonstrate that the dengue virus TaqMan RT-PCR assays may be utilized as rapid, sensitive, and specific screening and serotyping tools for epidemiological studies of dengue virus infections. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Viral Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Amer Embassy, APO, AA 34031 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, APO, AP 96520 USA. Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Epidemiol, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Temenak, JJ (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Off Vaccines Res & Review, Div Vaccines & Related Prod Applicat, 1401 Rockville Pike,HFM 481, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. OI King, Chwan-Chuen/0000-0002-6078-2601 NR 22 TC 109 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4119 EP 4124 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.11.4119-4124.2001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 488KK UT WOS:000171934200048 PM 11682539 ER PT J AU Gibb, TR Norwood, DA Woollen, N Henchal, EA AF Gibb, TR Norwood, DA Woollen, N Henchal, EA TI Development and evaluation of a fluorogenic 5 ' nuclease assay to detect and differentiate between Ebola virus subtypes Zaire and Sudan SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARBURG VIRUS; RT-PCR; GLYCOPROTEIN; DIAGNOSIS AB The ability to rapidly recognize Ebola virus infections is critical to quickly limit further spread of the disease. A rapid, sensitive, and specific laboratory diagnostic test is needed to confirm outbreaks of Ebola virus infection and to distinguish it from other diseases that can cause similar clinical symptoms. A one-tube reverse transcription-PCR assay for the identification of Ebola virus subtype Zaire (Ebola Zaire) and Ebola virus subtype Sudan (Ebola Sudan) was developed and evaluated by using the ABI PRISM 7700 sequence detection system. This assay uses one common primer set and two differentially labeled fluorescent probes to simultaneously detect and differentiate these two subtypes of Ebola virus. The sensitivity of the primer set was comparable to that of previously designed primer sets, as determined by limit-of-detection experiments. This assay is unique in its ability to simultaneously detect and differentiate Ebola Zaire and Ebola Sudan. In addition, this assay is compatible with emerging rapid nucleic acid analysis platforms and therefore may prove to be a very useful diagnostic tool for the control and management of future outbreaks. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Gibb, TR (reprint author), SBCCOM, Bldg 3150, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 21 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4125 EP 4130 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.11.4125-4130.2001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 488KK UT WOS:000171934200049 PM 11682540 ER PT J AU Gibb, TR Bray, M Geisbert, TW Steele, KE Kell, WM Davis, KJ Jaax, NK AF Gibb, TR Bray, M Geisbert, TW Steele, KE Kell, WM Davis, KJ Jaax, NK TI Pathogenesis of experimental Ebola Zaire virus infection in BALB/c mice SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHESUS-MONKEYS; LETHAL; APOPTOSIS; THERAPY; CELLS AB Guinea-pigs and non-human primates have traditionally been used as animal models for studying Ebola Zaire virus (EBO-Z) infections. The virus was also recently adapted to the stage of lethal virulence in BALB/c mice. This murine model is now in use for testing antiviral medications :and vaccines. However, the pathological features of EBO-Z infection in mice have not yet been fully described. To identify sites of viral replication and characterize sequential morphological changes in BALB/c mice, adult female mice were infected with mouse-adapted EBO-Z and killed in groups each da, for 5 da ls post-infection. Tissues were examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, electron microscope, and in-situ hybridization. As in guinea-pigs and non-human primates, cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system were the earliest targets of infection. Viral replication was observed by day 2 in macrophages in lymph nodes and spleen. By the time of onset of illness and weight loss (day 3), the Infection had spread to hepatocytes and adrenal cortical cells, and to macrophages and fibroblast-like cells in many, organs. Severe lymphocytolysis was observed in the spleen, lymph nodes and thymus. There was minimal infection of endothelial cells. All of these changes resembled those observed in EBO-Z-infected guinea-pigs and non-human primates. In contrast to the other animal models, however, there was Hate fibrin deposition in the late stage of disease. The availability of immunodeficient, "gene-knockout" and transgenic mice will make the mouse model particularly, useful for studying the earls, steps of Ebola pathogenesis. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bray, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 30 TC 76 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 125 IS 4 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1053/jcpa.2001.0502 PG 10 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 502UX UT WOS:000172762100001 PM 11798240 ER PT J AU Bray, M Hatfill, S Hensley, L Huggins, JW AF Bray, M Hatfill, S Hensley, L Huggins, JW TI Haematological, biochemical and coagulation changes in mice, guinea-pigs and monkeys infected with a mouse-adapted variant of Ebola Zaire virus SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHESUS-MONKEYS; TEMPERATURE; SHOCK; HOST AB Ebola Zaire virus from the 1976 outbreak (EBO-Z) was recently adapted to the stage of lethal virulence in BALB/c mice through serial passage. In the present study, various parameters were examined in groups of mice and guinea-pigs and in three rhesus monkeys after infection with mouse-adapted EBO-Z. The virus caused fatal disease not only in mice but also in guinea-pigs, in which the course of illness resembled that produced by guinea-pig-adapted EBO-Z. Mice, guinea-pigs and monkey's showed similar haematological and biochemical disturbances, but coagulopathy was less striking in mice than in the other two species. The virus caused severe illness in all three monkeys, one of which died. In the lethally infected monkey the degree of viraemia and the haematological, serum biochemical and coagulation changes were greater than in the other two animals, all observation that may prove to be of value in predicting fatal outcome. All three monkeys developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. The two survivors were completely, resistant to challenge one year later with non-adapted EBO-Z. In general, the clinical and pathological changes produced in the three species resembled those previously described in guinea-pigs and non-human primates infected with non-mouse-adapted EBO-Z. It was noteworthy, however, that mouse-adaptation appeared to have resulted in a degree of attenuation for monkeys. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bray, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 27 TC 86 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 125 IS 4 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1053/jcpa.2001.0503 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 502UX UT WOS:000172762100002 PM 11798241 ER PT J AU Blanchard, TW Bryant, NJ Mense, MG AF Blanchard, TW Bryant, NJ Mense, MG TI Balloon cell melanoma in three dogs: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; METASTATIC MELANOMA; FREQUENCY; ORIGIN AB Balloon cell melanoma, a variant of malignant melanoma, has been reported on rare occasions in animals and is uncommon in man. Such tumours have variable numbers of large, round to polygonal cells with abundant, clear, often vacuolated cytoplasm containing fine melanin granules and Variable amounts of lipid. This report describes balloon cell melanomas in three dogs. Immunohistochemically, these tumours showed reactions similar to those of human melanomas when with antibodies against S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and vimentin. Electron in microscopically numerous heterogenous melanosomes were demonstrated in the balloon cell cytoplasm of one tumour, Although balloon cell melanoma apparently occurs infrequently in dogs, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of neoplasms containing clear cells. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Blanchard, TW (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 125 IS 4 BP 254 EP 261 DI 10.1053/jcpa.2001.0504 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 502UX UT WOS:000172762100003 PM 11798242 ER PT J AU Murphy, CH Mermagen, WH AF Murphy, CH Mermagen, WH TI Flight mechanics of an elastic symmetric missile SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The free-flight motion of an elastic missile is approximated by three bodies connected by two massless elastic cantilever beams. If the mass distribution of the three bodies is 1-2-1, the frequency of the symmetric oscillation of the outer bodies is within 5% of the classical frequency of the oscillation of a free-free beam. A second combined pitching antisymmetric flexing motion can occur with a frequency that is almost twice that of the symmetric flexing motion. As the beam stiffness is reduced, the symmetric flexing motion frequency approaches the rigid-body aerodynamic zero-spin frequency, and the flight zero-spin aerodynamic frequency is considerably reduced. Moderate beam damping can cause dynamic instability for spins greater than the aerodynamic frequency. Resonance mode amplification can occur when the spin is equal to the aerodynamic frequency, but more important, also when the spin is equal to the two elastic flexing frequencies. Spin-yaw lock-in is shown to occur at the lower elastic frequency. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21156 USA. RP Murphy, CH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21156 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1125 EP 1132 DI 10.2514/2.4847 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 493LH UT WOS:000172223900007 ER PT J AU Hale, ML Campbell, TA Campbell, YG Fong, SE Stiles, BG AF Hale, ML Campbell, TA Campbell, YG Fong, SE Stiles, BG TI Development of a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for quantitation of mucosal and systemic antibody responses SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE lanthanide chelates; IgA immunoassays; mucosal antibody; ELISA; DELFIA ID FLUOROMETRIC IMMUNOASSAYS; FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SENSITIVITY; EUROPIUM; SECRETION; SAMARIUM; ANTIGEN; SERUM; IGA2 AB We developed a solid phase immunoassay that measured mucosal and systemic antibody responses from mice inoculated with either a staphylococcal enterotoxin B vaccine (SEBv) or noninfectious virus-like particles (VLP) of lentiviral origin. The assay used time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) with affinity-purified goat anti-mouse IgA and IgG conjugated to samarium, and europium chelates, respectively. By employing these fluorogenic conjugates with different spectral emissions, IgA and IgG specific for SEB or VLP were readily detected in serum and saliva from mice inoculated intranasally. The TRF assay detected anti gen-specific IgA in saliva 10 min after the addition of enhancement solution, while a conventional alkaline phosphatase-based assay for salivary IgA required 18 h after substrate addition. The TRF assay also provided a significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio and exhibited greater sensitivity. TRF assays detected both IgA and IgG in the same well, thereby reducing sample and reagent requirements. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol & Aerobiol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Perkin Elmer Wallac, Akron, OH 44321 USA. RP Hale, ML (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol & Aerobiol Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 257 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(01)00448-3 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 489JT UT WOS:000171988800008 PM 11687241 ER PT J AU Cecil, JA Howell, MR Tawes, JJ Gaydos, JC McKee, KT Quinn, TC Gaydos, CA AF Cecil, JA Howell, MR Tawes, JJ Gaydos, JC McKee, KT Quinn, TC Gaydos, CA TI Features of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in male army recruits SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; MILITARY RECRUITS; URINE; DISEASE; URETHRITIS; MEN AB Non-health care-seeking male United States Army recruits were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis (n = 2245) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (n = 884), using a urine ligase chain reaction test to determine prevalence and potential risk factors for infection. The prevalence of chlamydial infection was 5.3%. Black race, a new sex partner, a history of trichomonas, and the presence of symptoms were associated with chlamydial infection. The prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae infection was 0.6%. Only a reported history of or positive test for C. trachomatis was associated with gonorrheal infection. Of those testing positive for chlamydia, 14% reported symptoms versus 40% of those with gonorrhea. Younger age was not a predictor of either infection, as has been shown for women. A substantial number of male army recruits are infected with C. trachomatis, but few are infected with N. gonorrhoeae. Screening on the basis of symptoms alone would miss the majority of both infections. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance, Silver Spring, MD USA. HM Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Gaydos, CA (reprint author), 1159 Ross Bldg,720 Rutland St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 15 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 9 BP 1216 EP 1219 DI 10.1086/323662 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 482EC UT WOS:000171561000020 PM 11598849 ER PT J AU Platt, KB Mangiafico, JA Rocha, OJ Zaldivar, ME Mora, J Trueba, G Rowley, WA AF Platt, KB Mangiafico, JA Rocha, OJ Zaldivar, ME Mora, J Trueba, G Rowley, WA TI Bats might be involved in the natural history of dengue virus - Response SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Platt, KB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 38 IS 6 BP 772 EP 773 PG 2 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 493EU UT WOS:000172209700002 ER PT J AU Klun, JA Schmidt, WF Debboun, M AF Klun, JA Schmidt, WF Debboun, M TI Stereochemical effects in an insect repellent SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aeqypti; structure activity relationship; chirality; repellent; nuclear magnetic resonance ID FIELD-EVALUATION; LABORATORY EVALUATION; ARTHROPOD REPELLENTS; DIPTERA; SIMULIIDAE; CULICIDAE; EPHEDRINE; DEET AB Racemic 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine repels blood-feeding arthropods such as mosquitoes, chiggers, and ticks. The compound contains two asymmetric carbon atoms and the racemate consists of four stereoisomers. Quantitative mosquito bioassays using Aedes aegypti (L.) showed that (1S,2'S) and (1R,2'S) configurations were 2.8-3.1 and 1.6-1.8 times more effective, respectively, than the other two stereoisomers in reducing mosquito bites. (1S,2'S) was 2.5 more repellent than the racemate. Biological data show that an interaction of the (2'S)-2-methylpiperidine configuration with a repellent receptor system in A. aegypti is apparently important to repellent activity. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and molecular mechanics calculations for the stereoisomers provided insight into the conformation of the (2'S)-group. Results indicate that enhanced repellent effects can be realized through formulation of the most active stereoisomers of the compound. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, PSI, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, NRI, Environm Chem Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Klun, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, PSI, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 38 IS 6 BP 809 EP 812 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 493EU UT WOS:000172209700008 PM 11761378 ER PT J AU Klemme, WR Polly, DW Orchowski, JR AF Klemme, WR Polly, DW Orchowski, JR TI Hemivertebral excision for congenital scoliosis in very young children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS LA English DT Article DE children; congenital scoliosis; excision; hemivertebra ID SURGERY; SPINE AB The present study reports the results of a consecutive series of six very young children who underwent single-anesthetic sequential anterior and posterior hemivertebral excision. The children, all less than 34 months old (mean age 19 months), presented with high magnitude or progressive congenital scoliosis related to an unbalanced hemivertebra. Curve correction required hemivertebral excision, which was accomplished during a single operative event using sequential anterior and posterior procedures. The intraoperative curve correction was maintained with plaster immobilization for 3 months. All patients were followed for at least 24 months. Pre- and postoperative spinal radiographs were analyzed for initial and final curve correction. Excellent correction of preoperative deformity was obtained and maintained throughout the follow-up period. The mean postoperative curve correction (67%; range 52%-84%) compared favorably with the average correction at final follow-up (70%; range 50%-85%). Radiographs revealed a consistently solid arthrodesis with no evidence of curve progression. There were no neurologic or other significant complications. In conclusion, single-anesthetic. sequential anterior and posterior hemivertebral excision appears to be a safe and efficacious procedure for the management of congenital scoliosis in very young children. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Klemme, WR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 34 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-6798 J9 J PEDIATR ORTHOPED JI J. Pediatr. Orthop. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 21 IS 6 BP 761 EP 764 DI 10.1097/00004694-200111000-00011 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Pediatrics SC Orthopedics; Pediatrics GA 488LK UT WOS:000171936500011 PM 11675550 ER PT J AU Duysen, EG Li, B Xie, WH Schopfer, LM Anderson, RS Broomfield, CA Lockridge, O AF Duysen, EG Li, B Xie, WH Schopfer, LM Anderson, RS Broomfield, CA Lockridge, O TI Evidence for nonacetylcholinesterase targets of organophosphorus nerve agent: Supersensitivity of acetylcholinesterase knockout mouse to VX lethality SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID CYCLASE SIGNALING CASCADE; OMPA-INDUCED POTENTIATION; SOMAN TOXICITY; ACYLPEPTIDE HYDROLASE; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HIGH-AFFINITY; RAT; CHLORPYRIFOS; INHIBITION; MECHANISM AB The possibility that organophosphate toxicity is due to inhibition of targets other than acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) was examined in AChE knockout mice. Mice (34-55 days old) were grouped for this study, after it was determined that AChE, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and carboxylesterase activities had reached stable values by this age. Mice with 0, 50, or 100% AChE activity were treated subcutaneously with the nerve agent VX. The LD50 for VX was 10 to 12 mug/kg in AChE-/-, 17 mug/kg in AChE+/-, and 24 mug/kg in AChE+/+ mice. The same cholinergic signs of toxicity were present in AChE-/- mice as in wild-type mice, even though AChE-/- mice have no AChE whose inhibition could lead to cholinergic signs. Wild-type mice, but not AChE-/- mice, were protected by pretreatment with atropine. Tissues were extracted from VX-treated and untreated animals and tested for AChE, BChE, and acylpeptide hydrolase activity. VX treatment inhibited 50% of the AChE activity in brain and muscle of AChE+/+ and +/-mice, 50% of the BChE activity in all three AChE genotypes, but did not significantly inhibit acylpeptide hydrolase activity. It was concluded that the toxicity of VX must be attributed to inhibition of nonacetylcholinesterase targets in the AChE-/- mouse. Organophosphorus ester toxicity in wild-type mice is probably due to inhibition or binding to several proteins, only one of which is AChE. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Eppley Inst, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Omaha, NE USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Lockridge, O (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Eppley Inst, 986805 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. OI Duysen, Ellen/0000-0002-0128-9032 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA36727] NR 39 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 299 IS 2 BP 528 EP 535 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 485PU UT WOS:000171764100016 PM 11602663 ER PT J AU Zhao, AP Bossone, C Pineiro-Carrero, V Shea-Donohue, T AF Zhao, AP Bossone, C Pineiro-Carrero, V Shea-Donohue, T TI Colitis-induced alterations in adrenergic control of circular smooth muscle in vitro in rats SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID ATYPICAL BETA-ADRENOCEPTORS; CROHNS-DISEASE; DISTAL COLON; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; MEDIATING RELAXATION; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; NITRIC-OXIDE; STIMULATION; INHIBITION; INTESTINE AB The present study investigated inflammation-induced changes in adrenergic regulation of smooth muscle. Colitis was induced in rats by intrarectal administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in ethanol. After 4 h (acute) or 7 days (chronic), in vitro isometric tension was measured in strips of circular smooth muscle taken from the distal colon. In controls, the major inhibitory control of smooth muscle responses to nerve stimulation was mediated by nitric oxide and beta adrenergic receptors. There was less evidence of alpha adrenergic control. Studies with the beta (3) receptor antagonist cyanopindolol and the beta (3) receptor agonist BRL37344 revealed that beta adrenergic regulation of spontaneous contractions and responses to nerve stimulation were mediated primarily by the beta (3) adrenoreceptor. Both acute and chronic colitis significantly increased responses to electrical field stimulation. This effect was attributed to a loss of inhibitory nitrergic regulation as well as to selective changes in the beta adrenergic control of colonic circular smooth muscle. Inflammation did not alter alpha adrenergic control. Chronic colitis also decreased the sensitivity to nerve stimulation and pharmacological contractile agents. Acute and chronic inflammation reduced the ability of BRL37344 to inhibit contractions in response to nerve stimulation. In addition, in inflamed colon, BRL37344 was less effective in relaxing carbachol-induced precontractions. Finally, inflammation resulted in a loss of the ability of the cyanopindolol to increase the amplitude of both spontaneous contractions and contractions in response to nerve stimulation. These effects indicated that colitis induced a down-regulation of inhibitory beta (3) adrenergic control of colonic smooth muscle function. This loss of adrenergic regulation may contribute to the diarrhea in inflammatory bowel disease. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Forest Glen, MD USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 299 IS 2 BP 768 EP 774 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 485PU UT WOS:000171764100046 PM 11602693 ER PT J AU Grill, WM Craggs, MD Foreman, RD Ludlow, CL Buller, JL AF Grill, WM Craggs, MD Foreman, RD Ludlow, CL Buller, JL TI Emerging clinical applications of electrical stimulation: Opportunities for restoration of function SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE angina; bladder; functional electrical stimulation; incontinence; neural prostheses; neural stimulation; neuromodulation; spinal cord injury; upper airway ID SPINAL-CORD STIMULATION; REFRACTORY ANGINA-PECTORIS; DORSAL COLUMN STIMULATION; INTRINSIC CARDIAC NEURONS; URINARY-INCONTINENCE; BLADDER INHIBITION; INTRACTABLE ANGINA; COMPONENT REFLEXES; NEUROMODULATION; PAIN AB Emerging clinical application of electrical stimulation in three systems is reviewed. In the bladder, stimulation of sacral posterior roots reduces reflex incontinence and significantly improves bladder capacity. With the combination of anterior and posterior root stimulation, bladder control can be achieved without the need for rhizotomy. Preliminary research demonstrates that bladder contractions may also be generated by stimulation of the urethral sensory branch of the pudendal nerve, even after acute spinal cord transection, while inhibition of the bladder and control of urge incontinence can be achieved by stimulation of the whole pudendal nerve. Spinal cord stimulation can modulate the activity of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system involved in the regulation of regional cardiac function and significantly reduce the pain associated with angina pectoris. Finally in the area of upper airway disorders, functional electrical stimulation has great potential for increasing life support as well as for quality of life in chronic ailments, particularly obstructive sleep apnea and dysphagia. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Cleveland Louis Stokes VA Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. Cleveland FES Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. UCL, Inst Urol & Nephrol, London, England. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol, Coll Med, Oklahoma City, OK USA. NINCDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Grill, WM (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, CB Bolton Bldg,Room 3550, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM wmg@po.cwru.edu OI Ludlow, Christy/0000-0002-2015-6171 FU NINDS NIH HHS [Z01 NS02980-02] NR 60 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 8 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 38 IS 6 BP 641 EP 653 PG 13 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 502ER UT WOS:000172731200008 PM 11767972 ER PT J AU Watson, SJ AF Watson, SJ TI Encyclopedia of the War of 1812 SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Watson, SJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 67 IS 4 BP 840 EP 842 DI 10.2307/3070255 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 493EX UT WOS:000172210000015 ER PT J AU Rafuse, ES AF Rafuse, ES TI Quest for a star: The Civil War letters and diaries of Colonel Francis T. Sherman of the 88th Illinois SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rafuse, ES (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 67 IS 4 BP 865 EP 867 DI 10.2307/3070278 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 493EX UT WOS:000172210000038 ER PT J AU Rafuse, ES AF Rafuse, ES TI 3rd Alabama! The Civil War memoir of Brigadier General Cullen Andrews Battle SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rafuse, ES (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 67 IS 4 BP 866 EP 867 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 493EX UT WOS:000172210000039 ER PT J AU Rafuse, ES AF Rafuse, ES TI The union must stand: The civil war diary of John Quincy Adams Campbell, 5th Iowa Volunteer Infantry SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rafuse, ES (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 67 IS 4 BP 866 EP 866 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 493EX UT WOS:000172210000040 ER PT J AU Cheuvront, SN Haymes, EM AF Cheuvront, SN Haymes, EM TI Ad libitum fluid intakes and thermoregulatory responses of female distance runners in three environments SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE body temperature regulation; dehydration; endurance; marathon; prolonged exercise ID CARDIOVASCULAR DRIFT; PLASMA-VOLUME; EXERCISE; MARATHON; HEAT; DEHYDRATION; BLOOD; REPLACEMENT AB Ad libitum fluid intakes and thermoregulatory responses were compared in eight female marathon runners during a 30 km treadmill run at individual best marathon race pace (range = 2.45-4.07 m.s(-1)) under three wet bulb globe temperature conditions (25 degreesC, 17 degreesC and 12 degreesC, corresponding to hot, moderate and cool conditions, respectively). Rectal temperature, mean skin temperature and heart rate were recorded at 10 min intervals and expired air was collected every 5 km during exercise. Simulated water stations were also provided at 5 km intervals with voluntary fluid intake being recorded. Blood was drawn before and after exercise for the determination of plasma volume changes and osmolarity. Ad libitum fluid intakes in the hot trial (0.70 +/- 0.31 1.h(-1); mean +/- s) were greater (P < 0.05) than in the cool (0.47 +/- 0.13 1.h(-1)) but not the moderate (0.54 +/- 0.26 1.h(-1)) trial. Each volume replaced 63%, 68% and 73% of total sweat losses in each condition, respectively, and kept dehydration below 3% of body mass. After the initial 30 min of exercise, rectal temperature was maintained well below 39 degreesC for >2 h of continuous running. The results demonstrate that the thermoregulatory responses of female distance runners to exercise in variable, but compensable, weather conditions is well maintained when ad libitum fluid intakes replace approximately 60-70% of sweat losses. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Nutr Food & Exercise Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Haymes, EM (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Nutr Food & Exercise Sci, 430 Sandels Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 35 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0264-0414 J9 J SPORT SCI JI J. Sports Sci. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 19 IS 11 BP 845 EP 854 DI 10.1080/026404101753113796 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 478PU UT WOS:000171355200003 PM 11695506 ER PT J AU Schomer, PD Suzuki, Y Saito, F AF Schomer, PD Suzuki, Y Saito, F TI Evaluation of loudness-level weightings for assessing the annoyance of environmental noise SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORTATION NOISE AB Assessment of the annoyance of combined noise environments has been the subject of much research and debate. Currently, most countries use some form of the A-weighted equivalent level (ALEQ) to assess the annoyance of most noises. It provides a constant filter that is independent of sound level. Schomer [Acust. Acta Acust. 86(1), 49-61 (2000)] suggested the use of the equal loudness-level contours (ISO 226, 1987) as a dynamic filter that changes with both sound level and frequency. He showed that loudness-level-weighted sound-exposure level (LLSEL) and loudness-level-weighted equivalent level (LL-LEQ) can be used to assess the annoyance of environmental noise. Compared with A-weighting, loudness-level weighting better orders and assesses transportation noise sources, sounds with strong low-frequency content and, with the addition of a 12-dB adjustment, it better orders and assesses highly impulsive sounds vis-a-vis transportation sounds. This paper compares the LLSEL method with two methods based on loudness calculations using ISO 532b (1975). It shows that in terms of correlation with subjective judgments of annoyance-not loudness-the LLSEL formulation performs much better than do the loudness calculations. This result is true across a range of sources that includes aircraft, helicopters, motor vehicles, trains, and impulsive sources. It also is true within several of the sources separately. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. Tohoku Univ, Elect Commun Res Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Schomer, PD (reprint author), Schomer & Associates Inc, 2117 Robert Dr, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 110 IS 5 BP 2390 EP 2397 DI 10.1121/1.1402116 PN 1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 492GN UT WOS:000172160200016 PM 11757929 ER PT J AU Coyne, PE AF Coyne, PE TI The eflornithine story SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ALPHA-DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Coyne, PE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 45 IS 5 BP 784 EP 786 DI 10.1067/mjd.2001.117853 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 487CJ UT WOS:000171855800023 PM 11606936 ER PT J AU Borboroglu, PG Amling, CL Schenkman, NS Monga, M Ward, JF Piper, NY Bishoff, JT Kane, CJ AF Borboroglu, PG Amling, CL Schenkman, NS Monga, M Ward, JF Piper, NY Bishoff, JT Kane, CJ TI Ureteral stenting after ureteroscopy for distal ureteral calculi: A multi-institutional prospective randomized controlled study assessing pain, outcomes and complications SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ureteroscopy; ureteral calculi; urinary calculi; stents ID BALLOON DILATION; MANAGEMENT; REMOVAL AB Purpose: We compare postoperative pain, stone-free rates and complications after ureteroscopic treatment of distal ureteral calculi with or without the use of ureteral stents. Materials and Methods: A total of 113 patients with distal ureteral calculi amenable to ureteroscopic treatment were prospectively randomized into stented (53) and unstented (60) groups. Stones were managed with semirigid ureteroscopes with or without distal ureteral dilation and/or intracorporeal lithotripsy. Preoperative and postoperative pain questionnaires were obtained from each patient. Patients with stents had them removed 3 to 10 days postoperatively. Radiographic followup was performed postoperatively to assess stone-free rates and evidence of obstruction. Results: Six patients randomized to the unstented group were withdrawn from the study after significant intraoperative ureteral trauma was recognized, including 3 ureteral perforations, that required ureteral stent placement, leaving 53 with stents and 54 without for analysis. Patients with stents had statistically significantly more postoperative Rank pain (p = 0.005), bladder pain (p < 0.001), urinary symptoms (p = 0.002), overall pain (p < 0.001) and total narcotic use (p < 0.001) compared to the unstented group. Intraoperative ureteral dilation or intracorporeal lithotripsy did not statistically significantly affect postoperative pain or narcotic use in either group (p > 0.05 in all cases). Overall mean stone size in our study was 6.6 mm. There were 4 (7.4%) patients without stents who required postoperative readmission to the hospital secondary to flank pain. All patients (85%) who underwent imaging postoperatively were without evidence of obstruction or ureteral stricture on followup imaging (mean followup plus or minus standard deviation 1.8 +/- 1.5 months), and the stone-free rate was 99.1%. Conclusions: Uncomplicated ureteroscopy for distal ureteral calculi with or without intraoperative ureteral dilation can safely be performed without placement of a ureteral stent. Patients without stents had significantly less pain, fewer urinary symptoms and decreased narcotic use postoperatively. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Urol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Naval Hosp Okinawa, Dept Urol, Okinawa, Japan. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Borboroglu, PG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 22 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 166 IS 5 BP 1651 EP 1657 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65646-7 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 481YC UT WOS:000171547200009 PM 11586195 ER PT J AU Villavicencio, JL Gillespie, DL Kreishman, P AF Villavicencio, JL Gillespie, DL Kreishman, P TI Controlled ischemia for complex venous surgery: The technique of choice SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the American-Venous-Forum CY FEB 22-25, 2001 CL FT MYERS, FLORIDA SP Amer Venous Forum Fdn ID VARICOSE-VEIN SURGERY; PERFORATING VEINS; TOURNIQUET; ADJUNCT AB Surgery under controlled ischemia has been extensively practiced by cardiac, plastic, orthopedic, vascular, and general surgeons. During the past 20 years, we have routinely used this technique to operate on a dean, bloodless field in complex cases of congenital vascular malformations. Based on our favorable experience, we have extended the use of the pneumatic tourniquet to complex cases of primary varicose veins. The use of the tourniquet has dramatically decreased the blood loss and operating time in complex venous surgery without complications secondary to its use. This technique represents a welcome alternative to the bloody, tedious, and time-consuming traditional varicose vein surgery of the past. Complex venous surgery for extensive varicose veins of the extremities can be safely and expeditiously performed under controlled ischemia. It should be the technique of choice. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg & Vasc Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Surg & Vasc Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, Vasc Surg Serv, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Villavicencio, JL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM jvillavicencio@usuhs.mil OI Gillespie, David/0000-0002-4378-9465 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 34 IS 5 BP 947 EP 950 DI 10.1067/mva.2001.118806 PG 4 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 494VC UT WOS:000172305700049 PM 11700500 ER PT J AU Hioe, CE Tuen, M Chien, PC Jones, G Ratto-Kim, S Norris, PJ Moretto, WJ Nixon, DF Gorny, MK Zolla-Pazner, S AF Hioe, CE Tuen, M Chien, PC Jones, G Ratto-Kim, S Norris, PJ Moretto, WJ Nixon, DF Gorny, MK Zolla-Pazner, S TI Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 presentation to CD4 T cells by antibodies specific for the CD4 binding domain of gp120 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLOGENEIC BONE-MARROW; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CELLULAR-IMMUNITY; HIV-1 INFECTION; ANTIGEN; LYMPHOCYTE; INDIVIDUALS AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4 T-cell responses, particularly to the envelope glycoproteins of the virus, are weak or absent in most HIV-infected patients. Although these poor responses can be attributed simply to the destruction of the specific CD4 T cells by the virus, other factors also appear to contribute to the suppression of these virus-specific responses. We previously showed that human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the CD4 binding domain of gp120 (gp120(CD4BD)), when complexed with gp120, inhibited the proliferative responses of gp120-specific CD4 T-cells. MAbs to other gp120 epitopes did not exhibit this activity. The present study investigated the inhibitory mechanisms of the anti-gp120(CD4BD) MAbs. The anti-gp120(CD4BD) MAbs complexed with gp120 suppressed gamma interferon production as well as proliferation of gp120-specific CD4 T cells. Notably, the T-cell responses to gp120 were inhibited only when the MAbs were added to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) during antigen pulse; the addition of the MAbs after pulsing caused no inhibition. However, the anti-gp120(CD4BD) MAbs by themselves, or as MAb/gp120 complexes, did not affect the presentation of gp120-derived peptides by the APCs to T cells. These MAb/gp120 complexes also did not inhibit the ability of APCs to process and present unrelated antigens. To test whether the suppressive effect of anti-gp120(CD4BD) antibodies is caused by the antibodies' ability to block gp120-CD4 interaction, APCs were treated during antigen pulse with anti-CD4 MAbs. These treated APCs remained capable of presenting gp120 to the T cells. These results suggest that anti-gp120(CD4BD) Abs inhibit gp120 presentation by altering the uptake and/or processing of gp120 by the APCs but their inhibitory activity is not due to blocking of gp120 attachment to CD4 on the surface of APCs. C1 Vet Adm Med Ctr, New York, NY 10010 USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY 10010 USA. Chelsea & Westminster Hosp, Dept Immunol, London SW10 0NH, England. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Virol & Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA. RP Hioe, CE (reprint author), Vet Adm Med Ctr, 423 E 23rd St,Room 18-124 N, New York, NY 10010 USA. RI Jones, Gareth/C-6270-2011; OI Nixon, Douglas/0000-0002-2801-1786 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL59725, R01 HL059725]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 27742, AI43224, K08 AI001698, P30 AI027742] NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 75 IS 22 BP 10950 EP 10957 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.22.10950-10957.2001 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 483TV UT WOS:000171652700038 PM 11602735 ER PT J AU Goodwin, RA Nestler, JM Loucks, DP Chapman, RS AF Goodwin, RA Nestler, JM Loucks, DP Chapman, RS TI Simulating mobile populations in aquatic ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODELS; RANDOM DIFFUSION; MOVEMENT; BEHAVIOR; PREY; FISH AB Many aquatic species of management interest, such as endangered, sport, or commercially valuable fish, move extensively within a hydrosystem as they use different habitats for spawning, rearing, feeding, and refuge. Engineering tools are presently inadequate to simulate movement by such species as part of the water resources planning and management. We describe how fixed grid-cell methods can be coupled with mobile object-oriented modeling methods (called Eulerian-Lagrangian methods) to realistically simulate movement behavior of fish in the complex hydraulic and water quality fields of aquatic ecosystems. In the coupled system, the Lagrangian framework is used to simulate the movement of symbolic fish (that is, an individual fish, schools of fish, or some aggregate of the population), and the Eulerian framework is used to simulate the physicochemical regimes that influence fish movement behavior. The resulting coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian hybrid modeling method is based on a particle-tracking algorithm supplemented with stimuli-response rules, that is, the numerical fish surrogate. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USA, Engr Res & Dev Ctr, Columbia River Basin Fac,Envir Lab,CEERD,EP,W, N Bonneville, WA 98639 USA. USA, Engr Res & Dev Ctr, Envir Lab, CEERD,EP,W, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Goodwin, RA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, 311 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 127 IS 6 BP 386 EP 393 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2001)127:6(386) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 485VN UT WOS:000171776600006 ER PT J AU Moran, AV Armstrong, KR Duniho, SM Nipwoda, MT AF Moran, AV Armstrong, KR Duniho, SM Nipwoda, MT TI Dyspnea in Yorkshire-cross weanling swine - Ventricular septal defect SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Moran, AV (reprint author), 3100 Ricketts Point Rd,MCMR UV DA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 30 IS 10 BP 23 EP + PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 489WK UT WOS:000172015300005 ER EF